diff --git a/codes/java/chapter_hashing/hash_map_open_addressing.java b/codes/java/chapter_hashing/hash_map_open_addressing.java index 64475ce4a..b8176bf5f 100644 --- a/codes/java/chapter_hashing/hash_map_open_addressing.java +++ b/codes/java/chapter_hashing/hash_map_open_addressing.java @@ -9,46 +9,64 @@ package chapter_hashing; /* 开放寻址哈希表 */ class HashMapOpenAddressing { private int size; // 键值对数量 - private int capacity; // 哈希表容量 - private double loadThres; // 触发扩容的负载因子阈值 - private int extendRatio; // 扩容倍数 + private int capacity = 4; // 哈希表容量 + private final double loadThres = 2.0 / 3; // 触发扩容的负载因子阈值 + private final int extendRatio = 2; // 扩容倍数 private Pair[] buckets; // 桶数组 - private Pair removed; // 删除标记 + private final Pair TOMBSTONE = new Pair(-1, "-1"); // 删除标记 /* 构造方法 */ public HashMapOpenAddressing() { size = 0; - capacity = 4; - loadThres = 2.0 / 3.0; - extendRatio = 2; buckets = new Pair[capacity]; - removed = new Pair(-1, "-1"); } /* 哈希函数 */ - public int hashFunc(int key) { + private int hashFunc(int key) { return key % capacity; } /* 负载因子 */ - public double loadFactor() { + private double loadFactor() { return (double) size / capacity; } - /* 查询操作 */ - public String get(int key) { + /* 搜索 key 对应的桶索引 */ + private int findBucket(int key) { int index = hashFunc(key); - // 线性探测,从 index 开始向后遍历 - for (int i = 0; i < capacity; i++) { + int firstTombstone = -1; + // 线性探测,当遇到空桶时跳出 + while (buckets[index] != null) { + // 若遇到 key ,返回对应桶索引 + if (buckets[index].key == key) { + // 若之前遇到了删除标记,则将键值对移动至该索引 + if (firstTombstone != -1) { + buckets[firstTombstone] = buckets[index]; + buckets[index] = TOMBSTONE; + return firstTombstone; // 返回移动后的桶索引 + } + return index; // 返回桶索引 + } + // 记录遇到的首个删除标记 + if (firstTombstone == -1 && buckets[index] == TOMBSTONE) { + firstTombstone = index; + } // 计算桶索引,越过尾部返回头部 - int j = (index + i) % capacity; - // 若遇到空桶,说明无此 key ,则返回 null - if (buckets[j] == null) - return null; - // 若遇到指定 key ,则返回对应 val - if (buckets[j].key == key && buckets[j] != removed) - return buckets[j].val; + index = (index + 1) % capacity; } + // 若 key 不存在,则返回添加点的索引 + return firstTombstone == -1 ? index : firstTombstone; + } + + /* 查询操作 */ + public String get(int key) { + // 搜索 key 对应的桶索引 + int index = findBucket(key); + // 若找到键值对,则返回对应 val + if (buckets[index] != null && buckets[index] != TOMBSTONE) { + return buckets[index].val; + } + // 若键值对不存在,则返回 null return null; } @@ -58,47 +76,31 @@ class HashMapOpenAddressing { if (loadFactor() > loadThres) { extend(); } - int index = hashFunc(key); - // 线性探测,从 index 开始向后遍历 - for (int i = 0; i < capacity; i++) { - // 计算桶索引,越过尾部返回头部 - int j = (index + i) % capacity; - // 若遇到空桶、或带有删除标记的桶,则将键值对放入该桶 - if (buckets[j] == null || buckets[j] == removed) { - buckets[j] = new Pair(key, val); - size += 1; - return; - } - // 若遇到指定 key ,则更新对应 val - if (buckets[j].key == key) { - buckets[j].val = val; - return; - } + // 搜索 key 对应的桶索引 + int index = findBucket(key); + // 若找到键值对,则覆盖 val 并返回 + if (buckets[index] != null && buckets[index] != TOMBSTONE) { + buckets[index].val = val; + return; } + // 若键值对不存在,则添加该键值对 + buckets[index] = new Pair(key, val); + size++; } /* 删除操作 */ public void remove(int key) { - int index = hashFunc(key); - // 线性探测,从 index 开始向后遍历 - for (int i = 0; i < capacity; i++) { - // 计算桶索引,越过尾部返回头部 - int j = (index + i) % capacity; - // 若遇到空桶,说明无此 key ,则直接返回 - if (buckets[j] == null) { - return; - } - // 若遇到指定 key ,则标记删除并返回 - if (buckets[j].key == key) { - buckets[j] = removed; - size -= 1; - return; - } + // 搜索 key 对应的桶索引 + int index = findBucket(key); + // 若找到键值对,则用删除标记覆盖它 + if (buckets[index] != null && buckets[index] != TOMBSTONE) { + buckets[index] = TOMBSTONE; + size--; } } /* 扩容哈希表 */ - public void extend() { + private void extend() { // 暂存原哈希表 Pair[] bucketsTmp = buckets; // 初始化扩容后的新哈希表 @@ -107,7 +109,7 @@ class HashMapOpenAddressing { size = 0; // 将键值对从原哈希表搬运至新哈希表 for (Pair pair : bucketsTmp) { - if (pair != null && pair != removed) { + if (pair != null && pair != TOMBSTONE) { put(pair.key, pair.val); } } @@ -116,10 +118,12 @@ class HashMapOpenAddressing { /* 打印哈希表 */ public void print() { for (Pair pair : buckets) { - if (pair != null) { - System.out.println(pair.key + " -> " + pair.val); - } else { + if (pair == null) { System.out.println("null"); + } else if (pair == TOMBSTONE) { + System.out.println("TOMBSTONE"); + } else { + System.out.println(pair.key + " -> " + pair.val); } } } @@ -127,28 +131,28 @@ class HashMapOpenAddressing { public class hash_map_open_addressing { public static void main(String[] args) { - /* 初始化哈希表 */ - HashMapOpenAddressing map = new HashMapOpenAddressing(); + // 初始化哈希表 + HashMapOpenAddressing hashmap = new HashMapOpenAddressing(); - /* 添加操作 */ - // 在哈希表中添加键值对 (key, value) - map.put(12836, "小哈"); - map.put(15937, "小啰"); - map.put(16750, "小算"); - map.put(13276, "小法"); - map.put(10583, "小鸭"); + // 添加操作 + // 在哈希表中添加键值对 (key, val) + hashmap.put(12836, "小哈"); + hashmap.put(15937, "小啰"); + hashmap.put(16750, "小算"); + hashmap.put(13276, "小法"); + hashmap.put(10583, "小鸭"); System.out.println("\n添加完成后,哈希表为\nKey -> Value"); - map.print(); + hashmap.print(); - /* 查询操作 */ - // 向哈希表输入键 key ,得到值 value - String name = map.get(13276); + // 查询操作 + // 向哈希表输入键 key ,得到值 val + String name = hashmap.get(13276); System.out.println("\n输入学号 13276 ,查询到姓名 " + name); - /* 删除操作 */ - // 在哈希表中删除键值对 (key, value) - map.remove(16750); + // 删除操作 + // 在哈希表中删除键值对 (key, val) + hashmap.remove(16750); System.out.println("\n删除 16750 后,哈希表为\nKey -> Value"); - map.print(); + hashmap.print(); } }