From 474f4b618cd5e0111779cfba0cdd3be1cc4ea9fe Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: krahets Date: Wed, 3 Jan 2024 17:56:15 +0800 Subject: [PATCH] deploy --- .../graph_bfs_step4.png | Bin 33193 -> 33040 bytes chapter_hashing/hash_collision/index.html | 4 +- .../hello_algo_mindmap.jpg | Bin 164629 -> 0 bytes .../hello_algo_mindmap.png | Bin 0 -> 171375 bytes chapter_preface/about_the_book/index.html | 2 +- chapter_sorting/counting_sort/index.html | 2 +- chapter_tree/binary_search_tree/index.html | 30 +-- en/assets/covers/chapter_introduction.jpg | Bin 140552 -> 140830 bytes en/sitemap.xml | 54 ++--- en/sitemap.xml.gz | Bin 451 -> 451 bytes search/search_index.json | 2 +- sitemap.xml | 208 +++++++++--------- sitemap.xml.gz | Bin 998 -> 999 bytes 13 files changed, 152 insertions(+), 150 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 chapter_preface/about_the_book.assets/hello_algo_mindmap.jpg create mode 100644 chapter_preface/about_the_book.assets/hello_algo_mindmap.png diff --git a/chapter_graph/graph_traversal.assets/graph_bfs_step4.png b/chapter_graph/graph_traversal.assets/graph_bfs_step4.png index 8a6902a9c7c7a059e02b2959b05e5258edbe6778..d255fccb44957068cfec10e16dcecf2ca287350d 100644 GIT binary patch delta 32289 zcma&NWmH>jv@ROK-5rV-E$;5_E=7tKDejU$aVYNYP~4>y2t|s!dkd7}?sn+6_qo6B zxZ~#6N~S#W&Y5JajC}nJiVp_W(Stz&vq=nKEgS$*n7KYd-0{mU0lA;lAPpQ+k_4C- zl6#E?Q&hmi(*LS}u-Ul7y@Fxvd7R7R!2sC0mHLGdHDuA|9v{fo9jw$NV#`24{Tr)J zN@kE!o=S;*wP#5Nam`q8Lv1q7+08YUudAv4#%^VG^@4P{qMss7Y_}w`G=NrQYMT29 zf?vz+CNMR;*Q7nuBssLF$W``!o?FEak|GKkN-`mh67uu;(b0bK5z68=VJ|+@glV}? zyy+tut|AW(fBfd;B}p^sYq?98cR;<$l9{?LN_m8|A> zcx3{rN(b!>w_UU0_YYNb&ws>kjK*N$9OxV^mbN}Z4lPxR&4!)dzE$Wlr=UdHSp5V^ zU)p><_Qb4vW0Zh)A9;EO5S2n|;~7QT45_~hD2~;x%fAFmTBz)_AgXjgu(Yz}50DsYy!P zg-ap{pQzD>cDh_Jc^`Hl@khhiuYdgFBZQSCJ)=qG3(w#5#z(?A>HAqT&6>sN&0 z>Io)4ups5}iFQmjDaDVNT-eUtl_B@-49#cAsg2YJ9AQToUmGsk=tQN$WW8i-I`BZQ zQV1G2u=vZ9&UC4Fo%+)2BJUTP&teoDe6vI&paa zVyq?Ock*$@{0acRZSD6PzmkE;3ZfuyYDate82RB&unkm&r zp_cJi95OR5{KPIJ-9Y4;8R0Nc5@%%pF;i_`;NjwZI$9nbD6NFLERq3^7&hkIfw*Wq zlVB9s3OH8qU19#sLOcLi6rI5jGWMiwr+s<{jXdGoz=atl0yTFqpgm!;gbB7bIQGgK zkq$fp=)E?Ydz@-t#*#grS4W^b=dHde)l7PW5QboZ_H4N^M?fgDdQ{>mI@$CahZ7Q- zz&Zt|x6m3jQOSKYh4Fk#ggWiu)6vE9(DBtzK!!Eh3yjk$aCuH;>9S`cBjg5`*wyBI zMIr2wEbq<~sx#M;Buy91j_9w?L7+qG0x&x8_}Kz>rG4ub$N7;Wgo!u>Dsk>lB90aa ziJ?SyNMyD|be8|fl+<2YM=S7%p`C=NG~ge=_3`NYVDT4$j0{6-rFUc`H19L>KKNgg z=P@h1)T|eQv|pYAVC%_IPKaB+ouau{Z?E0gF64PLF^1Bnd#xMw?>G(J5_8r7pF~D! z5)UYFtXi$ks+lFG0fig|zc-46cbvFvAv5arNQS6h zv2bIm-c^qJYF8JX`Zfj?J$SEg@%M07=(O4>@Ez)jnRY0t@u7vNNv&oR71EbzP^46SLMsE?5&)!;x*ST%K2xqUm z-|#S3Y;`t~eFE9sbc25px-RT%6uC&hmndA$FAAYd-HSYz0rh2VxOa9$h5Y>K-pm+H zDH$iFYac6&5Yv-?Z%28aF-}3^{&UgT0c~ZfrrD4JjPda4^tk!6PKZ$R1&F2Dp|Un5 z;=~3O#@C>UT24Rj7X!yR7u2cr2q~tE<@(VS>p1D*Rq>|vW*C>hsM*E$8x^iu!CTFt z^3n8J&dtfvi2{yKf6#3a8sTl8!YR4vC`s-m4E$yku+b;5?hmEBg{FMg703_H(9qqG8X+V_cU!I9 z)c_H}`$VWy+~cWZ$)b%Bz=RKdaI4){Hzv;q2rwB$zAS>$ZKTJ4ApJlpNaj%yMdL!O z&*Or@#j61=cEu*~;B}JG*Mw9`O4aLyl zP5e=87z-mMSuYuIG!aCyVC3u$$IeE#2SN!}E2hvQ_i3tY(9QdL`W{B4O4ZL47TS@t zrU_fzBOvo(`77Xi{OaHPJa!^T zfpRkXQEbHs1aL3r%$rNdn}3GwHwBHrq^)H~Xw0xBU#1KP9%nQJLj2Q)HT(DP!2H{G zX4v_Z-e4mj8^~T!1ney55xjc$!uGZxt`5I010ZPvMR^%0eeci{R0(bE{nN31gr~o2 zXO;m*4Q4yVKjn{tG%B(J+J4N#IL4(aTugwZl({BUz;hLGdR7lzAns8KY+5?{YfuR? z1JXJSfS0k5Sio?mXgSNAvV1iAeiXd(ve2<&5;V{H=lef+m7xq<L!hlY+T$u@I#;g+axL30N0K&YhS+J|;_W@xb`^SQ4jjy3i!pC>{#F4q~n|D7#}n z@y-NJ9#TKXEXVP@PY)x{Z>I&}!JU}H+d}=|Ss0oTwBHeI_TFvxivdk?EFO0?q2V(A zwusc?5~ma`i2Udk(1>sjx$FeFifcTX#w5s>oK>?y0fTanMhJGmA=k|F#!9n>tg+o^YmjAm2t zY{q#D7dM@@cwrL1=(R++_;Yn0f@1eo1xJukbyo=QYu^Wk9Sdt=elb%M6SAq}GY&Qw zWK;m!@Oko?bm{~W+07&_bN9PVdpLI|7iXi3PX>shlZnKNyFyOB84Q3&Cyyy}UU#Z} z)BrLK6P7ts*fp-e(|>!I$_9@x@Y%ohr>H0b-`sJCE4+pbpeB4l_&b%K>CM7S&(5}l zEWT;K`wX82rOX1z4$B)5xc$y-2ifd&;5Hw9H0#GQ zsXFCxi~ziB;*Nag9wQ}=_&dEniCzONPQZmMfT6|rS+XYG!REv!%KYLyC4}; zC$xh7?jj2u7?yt~&gFX7dzPjOr;eHxhi^5GMw)$R_Jo^%Gq(OZI~pr{|+K?*wcGXMO$g$N0g7RKljPg-EreaI$)z^D69g;RSvMR4U?Nq zPe@Hcb1;fU|J@rdb2hN(N}T-;sdT?p-2lq#!@?!*x1{s59vA?r>eIzfm+^z8%_s{S z_r(q)h5l(ven!{hU`1*1R6@CAPA_EceCd_2lv@-2PW|gg;I)r)&~5Rq$xFEMnXPRpH?7`?GC#(Eu!f8Q-wo4nOJnzN{>qoS}cG1}=B6R#4mv zIf7bPQMPiEwX~sb+)|?g{b*a9%BWkJ3yZ%$+D14coul*=e3F9q8jb&*zF&qE!?^dN zZ3+9Glx7sljS0E;TmRHLkbZQ%=kpiXVu;W!2hT4Tgn_Y5bQ2hft=5Lrij)V`$M~|x z${X_MuL|UJ>%2!I2#C=nC9``beQJN}j+V9erI`as9!lb3vQsxC+)Uu!lJm^-5%5Fuo zf8Sm}YMj0dF*2EySbKTs@9eZv)v6;Kzj#_#(!GnuxvCuz`XSh2g8*k9i*#C|t!9)n z<0kOKP@$sz<9mKq6H;AsY=_xuX zyOQ*QyDG~vle9#aXdV}#s7`a>@$TX$Q4#N7$WB2-!CN3cuSMsHp`6bZ&s`iEf3R}c zCWsoA`rYRO;ZNID2V3&;DioO=R@P!b8D^3YI#Nea?}3L7+wP_Z$66x2qXfn14KJe; zxkGa5(6(kjn7l;EF3}OOmoLkfa08qyaOHZ@I0cYR#NmhAaN7U^O#DIGx0PJcA zlb=!!gVxOG(g4Hvb_i^sd8`p6o4nmVF*+Do(+l2U^JhD2hrG{-z$zuc)VgUyjtwcX1U^uf<&OcYt z!n774m-B+}_}n6b7+jaGc#zqNc*s&c0Y7c{B5YeWF$kB)tvSJL)F21b;e+mO)oZ{4 z#)l&jcKuC+O)ke(l{x@XQ&0JXvuB+g2u-G>cT@?B*%)T-L#S@O2`>%BhA0{cd3wQ; zS$iFYPa**$xToYWpeo=yBC38U6H#bu1Q#%@&=w^6gENiWkxW`{wer4!zVAA;E8xg@a7aH(OQv_6bN zh%AiyvPy`H!SW#C&jA|%YS_&SC9D?}z)ukk$if1)__L0_?J7BB?RCekBLqpqv7D3F zoFkkPc7=+tNSAg?@x*^LsG2mU`FLan1izZP}9xLnz zk}(;_L*uS`Yo28BIBWm!!(Bo2cpU7!1IfSH7fb9f^SW* z^H&kuph(UhO+|Zpuf@VVsc$L2>#^?!Ejn-ha#H>@bac{W~E zLh)sqj(V8N`SsvZCdVr$1lA%o$F;VuaH>?R48I@bwOpi1H9AC>!*V7=lwn^Y01!Qq zyT7W8N{F{_BtlAwz1xQkrFE<~*`=_}u(3Do-o61Z(=$}JMnzlD5g0xVsEI&wW?ZIoXRANf zXMC6?I)33WZ63_)Z~7xZ-+Qew3jtBEt^kt}>LQTputoGt3x)KCee8zJVCOnKF?!WU zSKYp-NC-Ly49oDw_wUV!6v3|xz9{}1AyZXU&|p}U=jVl0b&MYC@s*SM(oS`DBz6i9 zX*@4L%LnZhx{jcF%{buBsl(v4=^+L1SGS!@E#yF_**&@0v2ZvKVI6{TuZFP6NezS9 zo7lR~wgZHWhn+lcO9#B>s7+tC8?2MQ@@o{yf+ou4>o=`Pgf^Ri!bv4Ni) z7&}57?PBzfnrk3CR(~9=V_MTW2ui87utbI{*{(i2XIiZX7(jT>?~|@;F|apFQyX4T zkY;9yYL}T`-@q}Ps^I}jj$|aLSYlE1n=C4FG*IKfkDtVro+{L2bUXr%vHy*3&my#_pcW?D7H`BSiJg?;uNY)o+l)4w7+28*_v^R%pD zJ3U_@2%l6mqZ!NU{x>B<*_PYcKG9IQJrVfjUo4I>Ee@90HSad8^Iw%mx+@+0f01a$ z2}{YMAfu#Ni($79|9kP76n!;Ky^_?0aE*PqFi|DhQMzP5z? zWAgviv*|Gzk&mQ}M}fRlnDgsDmUbLFwEvfZ9_N4B3?ai7-FB4!aWEgIk@>&;{zv(1 zK?d4?vV4_&?vYrKHy6r`SN{PYr9$$~M~nZ_+Oxi5jHB(3dDT4Ku~TNuX!noxr_|i@ z@)dOAf1)s%)qMU3c)Bd5%vj++~HSQ>R5EmnuuRN_Ynj$$|Hwhd@DwT&@D1bDPc8)sFuEW z-{0SU==4fUzgW*8bgT6`yXjd~P`=!q#N60;=T62Y2(%LWB%@X+ojf9}xLjM8u6GO^`~ITOtKXi{x6 znvfy$(cJMjx+bLr9!P99@8stKAQWtYGV22-DiAX#qM^1EEOP$~OWAaOqN`RzK}-Z8 z7XrK`AwL2SDpM5u*<%!~JUm25K6|e}qS^i$$z11Xp%G4pg!rUna@6zse8fP|=A@L^ zCQCLd@4kxS7}{rIVtunK=lBOK?iR_2&Q^@FZ@c;Bjc& zT#NY~rmubs!{6EDK-cP%rbMDHJH1|DySRL7?r}-niHt=~qq}@wM(hC582c)n2Mnfk zRUmfDVY_?_u_2eD4Ak9Sdr|&_Dg2C&YxQ*w`a91p=Br&JBN#_o^lb7Yg=hC(RT#qM z^Vu;Zb(&D!8nI1pe^d$5DT3%01FGy*ELbwQpl_NjD5P#!Mr#ugn_xRiW z5&iF&Fp`GfEnE2=n{qU-twgb4%Ca&^2$uBvXVFp3KqS zvDCaG#d_wSftXW(TGE+@z@nHSm-+A)!+0Hlbe}c>HzkQ#^DC8x_K#*KF*p`DG@I2CR%7Pl@szoFa^7`E@I*qMsi4l7e5uZiorGWV~esq3di|r%! zWDpB>GcoevYTRP7H0;9-tdmBy5*6@%!9xltYWpIK7@v7S0hZV%J%lFd0&YgFHdoci z;3}_Rx?kZ2$%Hm}pnSs%Yj%I38&ZAqlGiZAPx9}Pu;4sy_*6er>eB;pWS};Xb~s=l zpzZ4Snv}e*I=tWJ9=tbthpClAL4!1}(~sWD!=UzITF|O@&r;GQ43!#&A->^Z9|>}3 z`;-PJj|VhBeC%KH{vtLpa;iQL-m(|ewZ<`Xz;$1pcr!CV={<;JfEWYv&l5#pye3OW zt|QFuIPS+GGy}t>UHL}u)r~{iX@NNKRQu49?{JIBS1>K)Nka*+q1!RE_1BS&u)PUf zj2CPVWZWksP7l*+gJJOFnDrGLPy|C?(L=gXoWY-t>BfUZ9&3Jlj{Cy|Qv;l!F_zw* z!}(xSKA04+g-ZcVzSTs7*R=@XsDAfZfet-8o<1eL7Ke5tPnv)rKh=%kw7YLr-a|29 zv1h*aTISg5MF6iuKH=PVzo{uv>UO{F!u~$JgLRQ=DB+r2UDkPU6E(=TqfTO%*#$IN zmClITk&(yqBda9)FdHR2)`c(LF!m;uY2!mF#nW=~@)~C-WuO6kD$ue|eT-Pr^L^nkm+V%6 zGnbD-G~{geiu;pkhbQ4g<2gCN($B1AX|F&U`oZ^c%Qp;S<|s?;_h$5IZ0sou@X)Y~ z62OXtQa2PvDZ+8!{IGRnuN*Z;(nW{Aseo>@Z6ag5T zLF8|}H!6fIZOlReHJb_MM+7{1F0!O$J>`XkKRrEJd3WV8*ce3v9BD%38lrCxWw0o( zJKp}VM&I0|hqbJ%i@?0LL46dhEpU@cc$-v0SHYCF7owT3ybQt8>wv1UIs|=9@8g7h zl1+-3rNI>vGdNgM=zDMo71u1CVN71auLM6Rgtr$c8wEgI^~M3dn_J}w7stYJM>!RN z1q_M8@PLMGcXV99PpE+PPu<)&?6oG)S}WE%1ApNB!{2ZDzQ3puVFCvpk`Qz)xJ6Z5 z%3RqdC?zK%eEN6H)2SJ?sT9gqMY$qfl&P7r#;yKwS`O4JDRl zIHFR*gpN$Yg{m+`YJ_{1ruq;>_wc;ckHRYby-vx{Fr|RGzuWmj8iiPw;iYVQ(qe*f2lIvT_w`XH)+nR0?=4>zD5p=Z%23{|$*=#0%M_ zkB>B55<0nq@SQ6{l$7jSwwqlLGHXO9i`7mz^%}JJq2TxVhCku5I!}f8^^FvM^HLb6 z`sqVK7zpiMda)-ES^uY?zV%6?7OrFk`f)q`qr&8osct`Bx{K#3-;SJxhAz(3q15}xuwq9QyXV=bB5mz8?_X4&dvXZna^i!$fC2l)IXf;!fNQ2inHuT) z2>;DBh6`1155t!`VSx4A(*R9=B9O!Mmj>9{Ax-sN%Ps^9u7CpAnGV!?+EqaiXE49X z!fyHd5&yA_%}NGrL!%d+1Sj$M;Uv&?Hmra@)@TYky-(K=Dn2}Ljoq+^K3OGzrgy~H z2HY?7@je<^Kc#VCrB$t%^*4PUC)giDRm?m3(y(7x|jsl zvbXQVV3~|IeAKOM%R;#}mRI2aq;yclItDn6IJ4!uZ*X&1=?$9k;&1w?dCnK8HMVEZ zloX8@KXuf%En=x+DP@Ou|<7(0|hu0s+n;|azMngvO6}oxh!i&^SVbIj^}OlpMfl)Y%g;#hDr&a0YwfgW%EKKP! z^o>iw28V$_0=oNiMWp)unT1(v6X`vH%EZ1lckWqCvxIG|ZGX}5Nj7+^n@W&Jl}JvY zfl_f5d#~+Vd)AN0TmWI4PLnt`@7XGA(DCjzY)3aeTJHt-%|jyZvl|=0(MBn|3+(FZz?-Eqh8At_Debc zxHao}Ue|{VGf*5MZvYVf1e|U?-%{i+D;c<0;l*7mKX-v6ycF_ zji5)?Gf%AFrGU(;ki4&1hF2vqQ?7sSTkmccfrp-NR>q9*PWk+7pjrHA(o-5CCDq$^ z4QcA!HcK-ujUvnQs^9iAiEQ2@d8WT@wgamv%iU`U0cBzmu8XQlL~`o@!W8R2M|P^d z^QVni`HPWxi2|r3;b?5dh7Fgukinx~-AS!jt9f8p1Yq;uS2&cTVFs{E@ev_D|9*oPhLH!#fS%E54*s8i53G4rx%?m_gWHl{e4fAmm<^$l%9bRy~o zv*4oihG}Zp>v8i0JKyFWGkHf*bK-EF6S%Dp%lk0LR9eR4TN_mKkavHabFT~P>VAhV z_eu=ZH%o+2@_O%gq_AI-k9E81dvZPGklkBsyUv_xZ6r$0Q8y}X!ToeE0Afz^&o8(i zRDAh#XyN(OJfrR_ABOb#ip^M6Ifb_CpSLR4nI^j3LG$j;ytT{dP0dNQ4>kC6Vt)7IG3(7W5BX}{$v1>Ux?w{@uyS<63MB4x?TxvW zQcZQCyCeSFrKZ^nuezuUr$9*^M83n0T*O1#*Rj0-zGaT;mkFm#nb$Wy)BI|Ms3e7a zf}m$plE|jGjbJp_b97$=uKPEw6LR7#{bg9wIrAi_iTd`%eIy7CQpjlzHV0LwMh1mu zbN>h*e1wUUf+61}xBR zzPTPZYyLus&?^S^d;N)~Bbnm5{}H8~$oHxzY?_P&_l>eE5_cI6Qm2sGrrcgq(~r$q zuWEgQBZs$haRrmN7X6qw)3y%XU$n0$W%X#KHOX*s$fX2PrXZ)~$#zoW{L}Xj?stw{ zha-}|S$Ztiuw4Ur5iV=+U zDOqZ;dxq>?WW3KX3oM4Oz*T<)dr=3VQPOAPfEyKOH*M zcM=2PsW+S-g|^g3jd#JSqOtF3=TQ-{=X8It_OnR zn1AP}EBE+ArtD1lFXO&)+jf2ex18|Jsi`V zk}6qYvNj%u?pUQ?LOU^)8L7J{j zGOW}oB25YS%{lThVZGj^A0)q0Nq+^nK0P#9ccMYIi)1CyJ$fP7U(JErBQsg-MrP;J zpJB=UJr1w_i~O(u9KlU|BOf@U{yVzm$)+FdLTRX!T4@C0VUtDHH-PnDYrIIW$~HI7 zpTwRME`zoHZNu_crl&%W{roZ{+{C@|zj*B1mQhjv^`tooeIxgfTC><`1+{Lnmt~BxM7#(LWs9lb(b&ZDYh#1Wg2&mYtT-b|FM1lVe``;*WnM~9fycrBB z6%9#7s?zC?x^tscAq4bHL5BG7A!csuX(!J!>7m69;k@4jC1W6&Qdj%lJ`RQMlh|`1 z-#W`v8nw_{p~DE1+h(#G0ibvPj6IVPr(HAQb(BfQyJCQMe=Oy-9lzKwW^B~BCy3v$ zabwRq2}CZ9f1SyJwBLGol|9W3Naf{=McnF=Unef6OGj1bG70LehPTb$Z9HKpbNt(s zTFX7kGZW zX(ms_CbZV#1yRu%bCnMoQ>wyp6bneMmhKla$wqfNUT9aao=CTJ{9CS)#XehqMmyeA>4JistH@jHC^gug>H772w= zkbj3)e844;uF*iS)bwOcF;p@#EL1Mf)=VVPNh5RLeCTo|drgg&&5q|Be9lqdKMAI@ zEOkTK3=tI1V#_D**+G2=?iqb6E{wy?*(ZF@`%SqO-%d0VRALvaX@+hj5 z>|1qZQ|`!gTRSPs-zw(~2gV&zGNnp1$P-nEGC#-qZ)n99krmzHaKZ@W5@*p$+mS32 zY1*}!rggNL3vE&~*@~nwZo-r>1TO;Q1Y%ud{;0qe4CW_ps1Iis0A`wJFCgYECdxxw zNGu*>5_w%G^glIXrz8s|qdlWsV+c?}O`5clEt=FBE_=JkSJ=^d#qm^ns4a;#r`a=9 zv#grRUUl$$YGq8gtY1LkMq;6r%1vbV=C-vv2n02pQ<{$h6H^%h z9$By-I`oDJIu}$hbMFp#7KpJ`p_RH@0nHp>~$iXgQJ5t0DRo|EW+N)IKBt*aI|QP$kag!O2%r( ziX`~b#&#&fWJ^=7jgrYg)r^&yg7nKoOyW(6&a9s8)M~q%ed%$LTan-HX!dR^vf|%~ z$cx?Y?=@NPIaXn+R$oe!_pzq6=WP|gVo<64|9J}emo36;Nd6{tpO3Jz^)m0sdz{#w zm7|eo0LDBny_7lSKk~;IXRO=&p6V$N?YBQ3^+)X=N*2bk#0&oeFR?5XOxW^LVvnCUhsFpQQ3)&vAMq+x!V2h z0Fj{yKMvt?5GdDe20X;o06NSPeGaorR3QV8h98M9p-P248Db3vTb%RC{Jp73y70PJ z7{z&ii8nbC4fa_|IF1)Eca&o3ZKO^befS;jzBa6bZr*gli~b?n=)chaka&fGV%;CB zKs4hx2FLBtUZHzMZuVx{3z|4DIzFwTY+pfR4<2t!9AM8V99jw{=7p4Kx1^w1nPuU=fsZJ(8u`=b07TEyWSUVNP$y`C z%8@HH#Vl2|!J*kKCTqT@0g+j4ZG)c*RhPDHC0m@sUhzHXwtgAX8vv|hQgd0e|G|72 z>`~XPiP&N}%UC;85|0*pbwu&&yMElnX~*NXtGTt---ZKJd$mM=!CEv}rJ4OwW69g2uLdJ}-Pm~ExM?CGCf*UkQv?MLJpws+oVCEfc zA7&fq`Te<{KQ^BmL3_hA$4aV^J*X~&#CTA*uZ|T^(wrjz@GxI&0;HTHV4E@a`xDzZ z&hq+ATfaL&RiTz%l7=`C~(Ig zMkh}e#5*Makun}Og1P$gioj_PlZK(iuxm}cnZ`C=1qFjBG7qcGw$%S?W=Mm_GaE$y zaq-fPzeLz&R@o%LPkm)6ugqPRe~hULa1)e?R}FQLY=V&Ix5!-@FMlWfucNNus2H5C z-lY0+nKti9hC`eWd|SwL>VLW1eiYuOM&Ml3C4@>qc{*U0;ZezUVb>dt-^;Ooqcnl;uP=HW%dsS@mvY1uf}!{6Tfo- zkhZb1{O`^DS^}RjR<#8XzyCf!3iHnL0l*x2@;s_W7GPL-&dA^2y%fk`FR_#e7$Xb= z6nW0B{n@+VGq#5|;JriN^uv4G`1*#)0Y)2Y03t2?{aU6|v8KvudfpXi-?u-)Nj>KO zqN#J2N4Hi{02HkiF%4GCe_Oth`dwJ zr6qhV2TU!yMT6oBN1H{28~D-9_JNc!8Uvkky98jvaru0rNw7kw!`@WxThm<#D;O0V zfWUxnMrU&W4Z3PVo5fL2 ztqtZJsRCS6(LNE0VKGpP+0zis* zaoy=YZ|!?WHz-=COg+=VCeZ?ISn};Sf(nqFf)3;HD09!a0E8KDBz+FiFNoBVS5Qyq zqBCXyxo6RwlD{(j8nj0u=E|WNEYe90tiY8{7IB}&>ye1g4YEU!FvNq?_4A$O%-3Q- z`0*M1CS3SsYT=tN&O3+Xfzu|?^z9BnsX+c)W(st16Xl}BKmX^(&Px|1K$mxsB2UEqgQHDFr0O<4Z-Ifib9nA1+TBlz2f_PZRj zt}rwCGJ}K(4Oh(uuz(p`l+`g@D*{wos#-o5N1w?HM)e?{kBGO|2F-O#DiS8m>#))2(ogJj3 zalCxUXe6ov0k*Z1w%j3TtT%vmhp2Q!%SPGM2+`>gc5*T6s1l9x zT!?^uW4VK2pZvl^7tsEl2pSA=Gc00XJcn#6djkxS%7g319JQ|nwvm1x?OO-z2^dHg zq)i3X3Hf~lsyG0?yvxGii0y>mTq<&4x_>nK$xAK>ccSZpR)q$22&3c5#rLxbUsIlM{I;vU4Q z!eN4x#z-cWbii*9Y1i@k4VP}@S!LazkFa+CFl^e5TZ=^cBQW-NF;Y%C=N#CM<{uis3ddasQHcWd30p zD|69`l(fpr7>yZ0me#~`uRdc*?D0g`<67p*bB)Rr+AOWnyvE!65~k>hT-o z=kH<}+4VUz{1lZbi@aA5?=d)MgDs0VEsoIhL3(zz2wjNw<+7E7HSf2P3M+(+3`-v6 zBaRQLQDL{^x>IhN$_ z;Fzh9sDVnKOL7+KcDHG{0*^AS($;*LGl3PMhxjr${!tWf>HUTBvZw0KJCmet^Ea+J+p-HV-qB}#P=77j2KkxT!W@s!wQ!(=O021deVrd2D zZ)7J~xUjl8!SR_hZ$I{{5ge74enO+Hhs4!xiNOs(=|VBg44T>OQQBJa|6bzbbc6~D z*4R?KbKE{L1MET6F3Y2fXEFizC5(y=l@`2Tb3Mwosy8m3v(U9ZzJX;NeCuN9640<` zO$+N5lij%9YG&A-$vL0^>gPG#tTuRW+~yMb5R>B|#CwBpvDS-6G6AvqaCUMFK_65! zD+^624BxnFSX($2(Ob|YGlyo%jt!g}TSi9F4Q!JS*zQ1v`e%P48Z|Y4QRK#Uj70&< z+vNJqs^kPB)quUJ63ALdEwkn@>;xPMP}}3nzZM1KALNGV0fqCipO~O>8s9<9)Vd>h zXq0CNr$NHf06taAo^(UM1pi`jWZAc_XD-ofgr0)_?eZpGj$%0kc|hZXJ(p}{@Z02( zy%rY7W+F(c)m~KMobZsq8+mebi zD%W2B$sZF1w}mGDRW1FHzE@2i+cjL*$U_)AThL`Z0GK9zhW}PcK?ALSph_MdpU>ET zfUea>;IJhhX{!X&saMDt-bU-cqbt?BXZ}&y=L5mOv#+7|0=Lb9CobrLSl*oTO2?p? z?hSBY067|hX_r4SS{LL*!+vcYaUQrTBi;rJ|H>Hm)VOA1s+QV?3Wus7r~k*bM|ejt zDQ9R-=l3=H;nEr))`hxC)PNm&83(?tSoX3zeQK7gb{B;XdjK93pjp7f-HrT3)Uz-c z#C)e*hQ9SC$StS&?n|G~5Z1uH2|$lOVMHR12=?Z1O-T(`0}pm4z~fq__&b#@S<}!6 z&mT{|`rH;@q9j;@ITUU-U!O+SpG7&QUeu2J4ET8IEiG-JhGxXk-22vL|KaSCn2eJ9WSV#G)j}IKpbFnmJ3(Rm$G^Ti*!jW0$B5$%ftf2G_%S*Hu@SMV76dk z9H2YIR2Rw2I_joNbSmPA%-b%c(wb15&(y-7iIBT0E)XvzNz@G>mi6sEwd=kaC7)9a zNVYxe0{^8vh$(11IRIegr3|DsEu$AR1P`9z-Ca^MgW7EG15?4?YK@7eFq0Md)2AW5 z56*HXi*Tng|EH#}fQst-!o4#?cXtd(cXtdaC>=@&3@sAUDa_Cvf`pRNAl(SU&?zk; z2tx>nASu#3e*gF0UF)uOXRUMhKHon3oV(_nZ}067J>9-DkU@`}Aj%kW|NOqa;W=xP zcyA0c+Gc;?qg;_+%1$pY|MqMT40@iQVu&U(hGCD&BH!;PdN>2`&3Q4VzRbxFfY{nK zk6S-khLlts|9dW%$cWf!$%o*lo$xK~6DkzCCNZU^Ip2*Z5@$RP`1xE?{xo>-F-L~> ziy|PN`y%EusoDE{0O7gCg)magoPK2tD|=8Oy6SGPkpbbN0sE_O4`)gErvAyKTK@Oc zbq8hFe{#33DJ}JmW1gL`pD!>B7IYQ97Ltan||V z$8F(j;%b+lKwEdy-Q)tYp90*=@k~Y)DNwjJIOwyHG(mfyd10;lOXltDkmKw8u8y+$ zAn(Ux{_5GEI2TIGYJ;ctN4jILUZqZ=L>4Ai5cMy&)4M)QIK`d(gDm!h%L(7`K7;u@ zhU?$!0ACjX1iL(vBW)>jVI{I}oc3=wEjK<@GI#{!4Gs(bFU zZz3tB*BnH^HmTP}TYLp~m#icFb;gy|}&23z1}H6DdD6PliRB4U{mR%(ZcF##NwO|E6kS_6JdNIV=_#N z=Ah`4TvS>%ZmRw>H%;w!IF7G`z=%Zp;4u_F21E-1zKZe^6Lr zB5$}C0s2+ufayWpSPz3g;RhN>R_WDIuS;%U*wHIr(UdGp9fS%HT$k2IvGc3aD6}(Q zIXs31`E^>O`J!3X0W-y=;>ZlVIQNqpwEtu};0?DOy-f^%Is-~I=i7hy!rYl)t3Rx9 z(DQ_%^UIj-S=hc`1R5Xl{(1TRk?JyVe?bbcMr_T0PBY-_C6bv7*66KCPRp} zPt5U=#zp@X4%Lb2`03`VfUL7x#hQ(X8L=XS(n;0`p(58xsC}tI=pC^#Ip~QH2#FyUsgJkX3mta3XShiS}t0-+v2$F-@(e^V^#6sSRn zW7ky#4^laT>?ZRq=9)g0K(dO-X&}2L)tt|!arU*;$YeBl9eUZs?AWR z{5v(uz$ri4P; z5~H3NDqHA89Kwsdee4&1G-6^5L-eo=ff$s@APuwLLAu&v=@$XO3HVb@4gF`1+*ej%by>SFw zNWrutMi?t5iYDr|UlTiDyZ#UoJgKZ6+h$Jjv;3QUR(mG5L;2TT4k`M;&Cl0P7V+_1 z_dD#nW=*gdMniVXgb+=T#T!d0{+!(XN5~H5@qbK{JNTIH3XTG(8557{YsG#frWp)Xw1WNn^NMXwZYi`G-f}gPNGaX?Fk-Uukdrf)8K!7C+eBy{evn z7rvQU{VUT@X8cFI1j>qvz1a~!SlqYV2f6&S*iqWWVWiQ@dxSvp{@n=n!m$!cW|!=t zAmPH3I2myy0u?)MKcr5(pKCHBxRaSzAHwkXb#EA8 zg930ANcFHD@!pihGIBZkjOmwh@vp|idIS%X+{TmHN2<&P0h%M0B%_zzF&UG zf583wqDVP85HqDAhx)ON60nM4Jzj$1FzIe(Ax6+VC9bEIsSexN1fIlB z5vG20%mpI3z6Kvz9MzK@!M_+A4C(G+V?{)DT1j zwH5H$K1psW&}k1afjo*@m}8y#*?fszrFT68?>`P!?0_oz-cJokfSylM!z>C|AE+n6 z>=1-ThFfFcxoU{LBcK>Z@+_9h>op~G5_8lXe6e?N#MEvs2v9g+23{SPcj^ytBdzh) zj5G_PKU>9o9UwSpDSt5k3hw@mgZ!5GzwO~p04KJK^08A2&!#I(Ah~0QKswTk4X+Y}<-)Ev3oWXZR}x(`fR)Nr1plCO%+S?Ny#t zjS}+$iVQ`Cog%z|6fim{=9+4)ysYfLcmGpR*P9dU=k zZw9a#WVwQr0}b53jNj_o8L>}BH1edp5{n2g6bTwSN_q*$yMBZFFq}2OJ>z_>!GSQw zg4~QZm00?_D`QQt8$KX2IRxJ0S_?kNXO*PrPbx1fOW&at<)eP!+AL!u( z)FTkYHFeWoM_yd`IFPsR;yXpjXnM?fSGreMXkq)zJFkrh?LpQ;wa02dw%pNKTSrv3f+@{>_JBG}y?@M}XnIygMy2U)|o zLf*kXH|gJvFC%zSfgbh%aR9*NguSXVnGzcM7PlDd*{8WKp7~mvkpA1>;k=OH>+VMr zvfi8pa3ojg914%JR=H7dr}i}iY+Hc=by~spX`VFebU}~^>cvciZqH>3Z4bG9FwMVp zK!lS4CUGW(9LL2@A(Ve;&UeQ(DaMyZslsbBKe@VK?}F}6c{r`WGG6)X9HLD z(H~ufwY|(2Fdx8#EUPT~K?{JF$`+M}qTC2XmzF{9)$ zHm^r-sYBe9mV;l1-n#0ycYg%2z(|A}fKOap11aw~$p)Bu+U`eB6BML&5m@^Ib=}qG zbR-Ymg5amTc*a|q@=q^q=t&$Ex7U3zJEus24~4(Gc}VayLK*rXrVcl(t%SpnfDNJ-x~tMwo{+6vL11 z7Se`_M4*}xFh7A6e}rz??E49KS6&;wGtFH+k+OfQn7XTeAB-ssQe{3eeoq@S+BR^y zk0q3XVXgFHwO*Ud5C-9;76S1xi(kNU6Za*AOK2;+cdw#7Kgi_iBLh%RuXSBeN+HWs z5^V#vxx+F|WlgZB?)pfZH*cS482Gl}&4_V#Klgjj@?6KVJRG4_#ld?+TKd^GMRq%h z&rf#p13ZXZ3PeXh;nbj4=@fq^aL?`5>XmvQv9c_wp%wtgr(fBqZy-L9)-Pah^nF& zI8HLl{;FZvA84Ux?v-6n+d0)KQG8I5Y3y&QfY5IBLlBW^P#NSd?WV=&_3w9*G+}iK}-# zkOClXt@+>ajfIQE5QmcyA(=AAA{X~qqY4VU8@NymV04<)=6EMXgtWfFlW}2*PE!my z76N2!UxL(?rC}I1mjH$L%wx?gaDWd^TG;Hu9PLMRdL%- zyh;U&$+}2+%ag^vI2s#hB&u(r{gwkp`yu8E^ScdXnm!-#z2xc$#s4k~-}hqRy~+Tc6pa3WOVnJ36sRrq^%W}q7Z{a2{R(9bTn zb=CTBsarfGKX(h`ClCH8XJ-qAD&w{om-&N$V9VE!zIW!Z2%tpkO{$dmVKD{gmo{mb zjA*r=5OHtOgDh5>t;A#9L!jZ_z%3;_ndc0KZ&wWc#{Rq2VE=hbM;qdPxZ!0BVw8bM> zD|Wr8-$QWHku?GDo9U&^PU7CT!`60%td^F zQxpS7{^h4Af>GyeRQ!&8%`1$>(AaJ7}~1OyFxt`say|I)<@*{n;yv=)sUh`m_$uZNuVpfxo^oVzj3i* zjT&IZdG?|_;I`7RL_*mnupIv1^q*`Q^fUS543OB6&VIF+)vuTuq#mlx^sDg8Wr=RX zj|Nn5eCr|i_s-91jwMAe#KAin*H}!Gp&Ru2U$U>Q5tNT{(#w?I5_3 z`#EV^bP+oc)B^8#f|N+cQ$q?fV3rTgX5-ZnOee2%Xjm&xsC9Lgu@}Og#KQrhG)q%t z&URGCn-8yBtcaY;>OMxzCQx1E0DVO|tSpcaJp|3K)zBhr`}NYOk`g`ZQP??%xygG&vdxkT%i$84ixA($dK^MykweL%jCRAsnx*f=8G$Owwu z8+17VXzv;WAz3amL)XvaSMF{zHQKa0>ma*;bmC(0;ks-Tna*q0TIeH(2*S5iEaIz@h!VJ?Mq7;>lA%Kg z-2?P>i#cH1c6b$#Elrk{>tImniVs^Ct~}1zy~gWU4W9d_|C|OO5`Fn`n{V~t(vu)szOPuNU!u2cpqcqdwvU@Kig1uW4 zNsr`vk$d@)W3oz}HGk~|CkpLJNiRG6E7BKb1g;%Ix>8HUrLOkjyvN{TmRL`2Se%8T zNUpMX0KXV`DLuk^=9kht3;~R&G?}rtKQnO*l;&I33^A1HBpzrle8M@$-+F@AJOskt zXKtz<2%ht zJ<1$eBLfN~!*Ku%l;P{$J(7`U_Z!fj~@T71A zfkJ8yaS`RL>5_L!zM5TA6eI=1fi(&h4=((qv%&3cGr*fZ>hV*r$pFt1DWU{Tus+$M+~&u3F&3XZx{Uq?=wWiBVO%e5j_PF-Nyh!cI5p9@f~6X+-pMslv83a$+%fW3jnRt`%$gXKQZNMM+p zHvqS$IHYNf7=p%=+2Vn$QGmsF&q~s7Lg6%yf~Gh^HTXi7>5`xR{3>5lJW-y!7_?Gg zI8HlN?!cRxv-9_Sar14hb~ijuZILeh~tH7G+r=&MDFu3x~~`_uVP@U3P(45`UI z1NC>N$YirN{vKYY^>)YE?}gYR>6lrNMaaAc=;|qsI8GgTOx;JBP8b1==RAIjv`|b+ zlwOK=RNME2x+LEXu4R4$4yC{Pt3Dcdps1+m=<9+}r3oPJ_%r85=d#AsTda9$#0DSA zZj?5G4fJg!eER0I=yRWxiI9k&a4{K+5|M-ELp3X`YG}Fxt+wfgI67eVcAcY)S5%gB@f+0UOfTs2e?rc zk5FGf0Laq6Da8Of;tMeH)@%)mKotRatr@vf1rzS)PKzUI)s6cv5|wODgwLd|8#UB4 z-O2W;1?Qh%Q+%N(h4VUjHjk>GNxDV*uwhf=L^aOBwu%KF!jecAZpTAX+eC;gQlwdT zm~8WFk>i?@1u#Oe*e3^@HxFN}9D=q56S1AC5gE2==_uNSh5b&gQG==+Bw1Ea62oQ2v0 z7<*H17KVvx)y$ZC@Ee*D$1b;$Wlyb^N$~I(AxE z@mEte5I{Y}UX9p(es$mfQvMZl8B)|-6EJ5+*RDOg=0F;nA${4p8~oIHT`}}&98Amt zXR&w3SB6)Y=G8G~MKUD5#1!tm3vU}6f>bmClq71~ZGG06SiGfMU;4@$2kZUmxp z;!ltB6VZQSXiGaXIsXX?SKO<0cwGCkyv^ai@Iv?x@*(p7)igH{b%}hP7@+ti)E%yr z%uGv9c-$HkKFi3T&)jDo(Hz2@C%tB4+;S%>aUn}>a_<*%b9}Szo~5g9IC$PHD=E<} z+Q-IBRD<{+aq^nL<>u<2cT?*ml~$75B3U-}@^faBvVKljKhyeJKz4wc1G|8}aV%0) z7cjc`f<$0-F!QE)V8O_s>ujc=t^*%a@l&)4^4xe-6_vLGr~?Eq>rU(Ksz50i8d93i zkz|@*gSelG63-Z3^8~L+(A7B-qjf=qQON^eu-%LQf2-}IO-ucw&sHLc^fwkI2W1ol zi~HTI1wBbay_;P3%s99yFIlZY4l6|nJR<(NcyyRVAgFQ#+1P$>1PixFj*NcGgkppB zYL7nrZ9T9IbW)o(pqz>8eb~9Hqq--#J(6qdIjUbRxz|8Oq!nW>HvR3*8aJJ58KtYK zLDeTAO8#2G!b6Sk3d?UFgV}P5`C&Wr_}rLG?Qszuc!Hx0SbRP>bK`-V!Yc^LsM~_> zLRFjxn9KG49BNI64?{24V&!P z!JIl}5JcwrP2!_ZD}RtM+`YgsWdG-}uQAv__LGsX?T-RV|48j9Y)RKL>Il;AEccdw zM~H*-NOAkd2$2Er(0y%f$rEqy4?62Kvjp-tS4oUtHN?h#(h-fXm(PPw|D7PfHB@l3 z?ZI8H!yE>--w6;che%akFKdrfnT@;eJ%Jd#0$=$eZd9{H5nw?q_hGaY8?BawE0s;}maOLMa z2IAwD#f3Ld#!~Djrx}qREg5WuPM!c<4D388VNv@MfQN z9ylQUUebHhi6EzPizc>ne}j`U9u5%z^D21-g;Ym3U^zL1?(1W7=K<**h|~vSxQa(o z(RBKMrngnl0v2?gWdGW7JBL@2!=!86{Z|is$2fxA_fvjZOw0hz@nYJ)T`^!{BMej* zQpVn%o~b+Nt*v5wQ)>$!7a7o8l0YsCLa|QzS7=2DnF+zpV9@vPl}Sx#`CL#l5L}v)Qg9{myn|jC6Km$9<>v}K!;r7 z-DnOL2Beww&LOx{ra7wTttPoz1J3;>b} z{9Bz5x@$f@Jj_e}ouAkp66APPDEF@}r^7BvsmxoFEjvW&Ec7QuhEzNV{?yu5m`~bH z1q3&bU`Jv8_5wA1770TXO=Orrnx0_==>VeK>qJQw4U74E(y|MtosUDCd5W!X^Hj>^ zkk`&a=JSn&MQ=xCuSct;c5dk4d6?+c+dIu*2R19)`DJ|c8vQCa8vA^5aPWa0CF-xA zMwj8u;7DR1na}o@zP+qBqu8Ff?Mf@jmrj!Q{74L$Z<3E2Ux=7AAt=zFZv4GD-BRj| z%+vwO3hSz}bJ9ag&H@B6;C9JuW9AGF+8hpGlN~GtbC9|}##3ju~ z_>U7oD@#2UiQo>Bhc5MB!4Xyj@VbQ&u46WP)R5s~%^urk7GC2K#{!@R`mzwFSdf_L zx71AyX)8Ix7#n4$T_JW>&YctcMp!_Bd81AA<|Vh>RS7W9M=6Uek;&FC80H1E=Tk@Q z5>*glfG?K(LctUTAts>t@gWbll z`Ik!$OWGkDvitUS;h*2XhxqFJ?-zFq9p?9q>j72-=Zz*a0f_`r(ogfTrhH#dwIN;H zWv@Mf#HobQ4feV(BS>smBs)OMBW}(pxsT9-WNDuqm^EB27C`HUR!U|20n?-WVaTRpZ7l8FLaHntUvhUkPhEc2L<2TdYPRQ$#cl z)Toqn13p|QZXxAjKx{tjAhmDhGf`!Ln-(IRWbeuVqj(5Q**)%5@J}*wY>4}*YIFjf zfKF}o5YGc8khIYy;Vp@DfjkWN{30iloA&|1_p?C8hx8K}9}}!M$SLb7LMSW1gYS&2 ziKc7i0Lg7BOvNRwg~a^+eLP^_)Qf|W>o*JFQO@_- zmdyg{#GBIwxjY=8anap7{<@~Gd0+I?j=$|tr~-yn_WDf4?FX1sn*m=Cd52aW_>H6D zR4V?1_7GO2)W`NN8WgWF|8fvlY5-qENnpT=O$jNVu_U_*Q|bYR8xgzezaX+LEqgCv zr1E=4K$wn1qGI@go%I3BJs35i@Ryeqg|^NcZwJZMrd;h_C5-${-^n3_S4^4%24Ps0 zq=HDMN#022Q6lNKOa_ELj&`cEVmC9qN!L{XDQvLg2$$EQ8d+|C`gC~!X_jaPPBNbd z<^Dr)zXpt(@Sgk}C-a3!ZO|gImPsbc*ENCKTU*(2tsP+vOJ$5Y6%hs>NX(|P$;T2< zl|mUkij=poz@hpbLhIqn--`w0$x-EpU4g@fS_4@7s%n7nb~0uKi-BuGFJ8sLpSOXupC-AjTt3{8aW-=? z@H|w)Xa}y$x>h8{ECKoZdOtxyS9=d&=rlZQja3SP&)wHHH@Bt!Sj|-|ZV>y`n|Q%D z-Z=uVu$j4h;y&*d5_pTpgFfQ?(6oM5e~*GWl-$FppOEy2rIWf)E5waScL$vu1$xfn zY7fz$Uh@V1`J3hc%<9i^F@Hz!QU2xWhxK?6TRay*|EpQ*ELT{6YzX0SaIj*|!Zfw} z&adQX#J4YIXNOO`(}OsU*bmsE&rA}~Qh<>)F=pL&6UR$2GjdtGYL(YaSr~OIyv&T` zJfAxQ1_2q8W74?-y&p6fQy)H)2LGy^ReL>^yn7yghC%w60OayVyz!o zZO4-|t;C^87)_<_N2Z{`wQ zlBjy3E?mi$pW$wJWjoMPdVIrbF>P#}GB0-Uh?A_1L=Ix2yhah+?g-o!A3}@Yd2q<_#E(1)^W)l$Y^KG)cjk45oZggU)KPJU%AufkImE__U_R>=Fvb+| ziDI46vk#gKDA}>uxvjdG(I@ncE`WS+41!V;oE80-F2yMaoBaE?4&v8}%!daD7GRe# zrDgJ@P#5Me!Kddh=~HnO$V%&XNNIas(K!G&J#dnG5t=IHd@`7QNnCPvcD5rlXCyve z`xm%y;=EO&}{*Ys*{`RocaFN<77MPakqc@Lsq|?~RmuMl9LM|1LNJ=`kB4Xs2 zsi!`Js+9Vz+%W1Wo`#N>a7|1T3m*dK{YO+#)z-kX)yF%l;jv6-YKWVsG4y=`z{~y+ zcI4<2O8UZw!gcY%GT;meCF<{AAJeF;5Iu;x-1R7^b5Afw3 zac&Tf$2xkve`3=ij3l%?gyJZvBAD6yE>$W4%K^^X8C*1-F9fCHB8;JDT5;)UsSL0L zi+;j5(sdm790g`1OybvG`|n;(jey2Q(iJ+IFXSW~z5>3RM%)ThZcJfw5)hcI4L2KQ zApges)vf*s;5O^;-Tt`GgAPP6GZ{siV+1a*G9op7TlRTpx+XWOZ+#8Hjf`EY{u+LC zH7bB}y?&(5io{;8%ac4#B>^Iww$a|E3QwZAGGwFkA57L~LyYvjW>5s1i6IGNdYXw| z2w_bbCKCc^<*Ml7mZA#TCv>pyz&$2_h(8ud1m@8~KwJF;3CyRYvVY#sin(~`7_gLz zgz&6$s|LRV84)WXJ}eCU#YDYdF*=lq6h#VQ3pq>eQ}uzGUIEd^oOs%PT`WkwxN6`C zhja}3o;MJ1$*3@dT<8!SCO=#+Bj~r8-(KyqXiz@;ZA)^7me_NBVelVFAJ(8|Ep|h2 zdG)UBYVe0k13>Vl@~qf*ty*Vy<<>WNImUd{u#Ub#L>0{g8D1Z`A>bm8o(sJ8Di;W2&^+G=wC=7O(P-xLrPJ6(D`W-gGA$4 z;ObM<7b%EP68UAY_s7DcFT(iHHza-0lQT?gT(6gwxWb#+k zVlf13G^G(%G90`z#6HTINbA$5z9L79U<)BWxdVq%!wKwypOqHkcH^-1*kX7LXQGRQ z(r;G&#u-q9FLH3u*vR4LqPN}9^fD>n39u{-Q*@?_Cj=Qif7OL;X_;3_ER9mXAq7rIZwG-&UhyB0v|Brn+>6_C#TDGL z5pdg+fcS_B-J%70>bWsUK_7e_!*@X%X&U~Yxj5u1hHB(ucn$|^Moa)7(U|JM2rvT4 zdN$}juEfGN4XCf~J@=+MX+>c1RO3O|p8!LZ9(qK45NT zRVFJO@pJC#hAeug4i$!oU5_4@y zbk7omeT2_PjapL3X(PrOfS8ct!yz`VEE-S0?P7g9{`swiLpL;X`23siu+W!apUXyU zqXCPUk`Ht+N#lA_(heTzu`KK~y_DD6*VB^Wv?P z-8(=j{0jnbP`v`NeRYpsT09UXM0aj}_=wn7hFD}QcK2qfyjrj!DCNer6L~M3>NPLG5Yhe#M8Npk$_)~~4w!|R0#?!y9!oq2 zlE;rb9$9mJ{&?`NwR-ZGo6(DAVi}DxzGCHk!V_-yCw}6{1jtJz2N0iU%K71bsxY$J z7wnnI7ycNel~vE_RhwC8h63Fv%0nEqCtdc>rN{j~*}W;<&7(twbQ~3?2}Gaaea5o` z5SwxPnpM+UKfYWmgRrMC9`I27UqGz>x!rrop?QUcRG+`{^6<=TVAG{f7rljxAyp#1 z#0*%C@x?Z$XRi_<7mD?eMh>C^$}FrSS-kgWP5m`_VCsbUY<-X8WEGPFVANDGQJ~|A z*KY061LO^0I|i}T5k4=`BZNe3>Y{@!^)!fIk<0C|5~<23)a!9A3H%ir#Hot-L2V*J z!_MS+1PuwzIbk^!K7S=*Meg&(`;+e^@ss=`1-4ej`ci(#$&HkAT5t%O6TgfJ7L9L( zt=uJ{h$%$QdD{8D>JK9|hs$Ho8v+Z+J@zgkoYQ^&56@L^@}E6W&XFkMJpr0mfMJon z8pnQ+6%W0+t8f&LU5qbvU9@#3Ayk7YwBgtk4-hS~C*#Mr4(UEa1jv>GErs#u%;Z(T z7vh-g?(b%fUohfzx<){Y>ezJWZsX#>JhGa`Dt0bMFiwY%+xgNdcv>4^O;tu6XQYn; zNz?=4qL_8E8g+S~5%ly+N!Z;w!Wbq;{5DzHUva3(V@4<6a^DfdH9 ziJ>S0ap|T{hg^d+I4pvuufe;4k4Ok6YY9Erk$tXB3^AImg~JYsAhDM985^j@vVNQQ z+@8*>DA0!b+p*N&k-sY}6_WQZS3O&Zezh*+{>pu*J&oYcf2baDX9i$r@sw5!?#@Lu zk-@|cB|m1lywII8qyv}NOgEeqrD`mW_7yi2S$n_!STvszpI*XjZN~H~Mxl@~0EYAH zeHng%gu~1%wqBo7R8~99LXRj>h9ha+eZh)Af^|2%po4?MD{|B?2hkUiq02&m-D-p}gr8v=H6TCUZGhQ6rcL#2 z4-3p|4<-}=Dhpaz8;-_~F}2rF=?}&tTV_!=%rW*Qn)f9`SG~v(1Xc1s(<+iPn2!8H z_>UeMai)a;UpRioqc&2x4MzCpY@xiR{J!>Q^7uK#W~o0!L4V8CJ4v46ah>PWGkdLjt$W?;S$ps6nwhvDNNF&nh7k!8;F!pSq)i4R3k%Gl06V1-*FC04 zwKN>QxN?H%;^HMrA&~>dgKt0zf1Hq)>Wf-1uarGW4Rx{kJOtP8FKii^$94v~$EeB~ z33}dBKH>{TtR4Q?RHXIhFzIB3b?gveRfG^>7Db?ufYBZ5n~h8z^FuxOOOMb`&;;sv zmKifDzD@PKOIME<5m0cN^t=9{YGz96M3hb5@LIuCL~AbencPdjBjX!ogR5}Lmf`cDBt&j^Tr%u?#nu7lWht8H~1iZ>YY3j+9!+dG)d$FQLtk z!~*fhPXPoZEiQyu%<1|;{Wb?L@9WTW-bFMd z8Erwde2UAG+FN?_J7)?<%kw7j zGp$h7&ppliS?DY}(lFY=`6^J1m@@wHok!HZn+JO$>VljjGl`mQab&FM<48|pu>@u} z;~qj=wdm_;Y0h=|K&4>=X2UQ&Yon;MZ$k7*l{i+nH}2j2gsvUy?Cn?f+X0UK?GVjH zW9$0JpBaqQo11r z%YM?LjNdnvAmzucOBFph_LT-`Z7hs>T$ zLZ8jEJ~Qc5I!Sd3)-DU|RbRCNSuYx{q6>v<#0-{-vt>!D*|IpH0pl*;Xm*E4Tag4& zsGsjK_3E7QENP~rG7w6do1{2IRju%=s2j|3ExQisstg+}PM}Oj4w)EqB(a+mY8^wI zP+S_Q5a8WE>h;*2bU^vf(@K!Aq_qo=bzZFqT#f$ldWZng+mm1SG>8`k>qP{K@#K5j zCOgL}DyLsZ>pUNTj;2tK-1VZ9OHBx-F(Mj-Q9FDcg*A|#3U!f-p>2yZCYMa#K!U%V z{J=N~-`Lzp*uX*uWK9EqfzNVTEw2ufmf2{27n{4na{;2<3v#s<&{*o#GIE z*{H#U@lx_j5F%I-Xtg$R;LDL+PorOp`>j7Ic|cd&oa}qz>(q98$ELE=%Lj^@g$Laq zb#G>H$mKr7OebZjuWt#%C()RCm9BiKh4!Uv5|V)To2R_+hd4j@2gHf3c34>fs2;l7+ zZ2;%HR;?yIu5K2Ap)okp+_7gZChm+E4hN@u9H~Q;X+yZx zxL%myASj|Vx3L3q3K?!zbtV-if+gR^>GAHqU=eB2)?<7&}Vb)@64y&sAimuQ$z2LQ; zUw`>(#3lx~r~t$ck;Y@}_7Ip4g7ZgX`sjxi_I`yz7IqdhdJDuj8)>XU0{l9T&&9%X zk^Kd7^O6!nVl@g*ylFe+d;X!p5ifXOgO3w4E(FPXD69hR42}(H##{{|3-#Du>BtIU zmexf~P_9lvi2C*@Y}YYxbdc}Hj>OcLF9Na4P&{04fd4C*c<4l#5sN^O6Wl--;GZ!ZpxK;!@22}*7%}K9ejLqWB z9qTc`q3};%X|Q+_;~+p5Y6^*l{YM;^M1s}Ae183ONjPH@u_<%kmvv|}`q``=9823< z5iF0`q|goZf;Qlgt~Mrb6#76!eFj7Hia?%!yoApFa~hyteE~`aMQR@pG9S<6hpF&$ zS0pc_K@9E=JaN;m&;DhafFI)TEFjSy&xFf5@D3y7WhZ zhorW1Pas$==oL(0Lqziq&sJ zxQ$eZEZ^}faGpar_XdR*^I^uMypcMx7^=_VWlXn) zl#W9PT||IGdUbUmmm$yF&Y(1Hz8YObq!#&}-Kyy)zUY$*%#uK{-Y{yC7bZwDzW`#F zC|a`3NHpS=N}j*=T9T9(`q~`^7|yB1a9&Zg$sRuDoN`~>Ir7b$xpv4@Bs&cnE|{SC z1@g%7AzKiq>3hMg(HmjtpYR)4I|vUSDHMU$bgp3Co`4#j7yK;7jx;LPm!w{Zjk0j0Lc>a^|lk) z{(Zb<$*}x)e1?glLnG1NFtjzYbrNzsyVsx@;OD2s+iN-R`c95GEb4Hzg1;W|V0`F_ zmdA7YjBh;|^(8*qZ#Pdv+8@u~e+0)@Kv%^gf|F)O1C2hSn-VS&APGmD-vHHrM(sE2 zdw!92+DsV@UumV*CB*a797!~I@F0bK>!z*!b2%Y|4vV5yM-N*y<{&Yc;d5MEUTSch z;?0R5ykJMn^YjmH+oywV(#Jv8rSq3gO^dxGs&FA8*v|di_b)@2Mt$}-K$SgZRqfv4 z!WtR&g1vq&&(w!vYC+APEda%)fUt~qwmR9l$WBMr`Gnl9R|&CHW=tuuT!y3HOyRn) zH&Y_jjxAM4J1s?n{5r_llE}@{JT^jcl=YPs15JJoNeqm0X|SmE;Z;8=-Zv}KZJ>7- zWIU3--`~7*?x^yu?vW=J{CENXQJl_e6hiG4B7Hhg2)Gjmq20kLivdJUFthOCLu~NC zvim7YXD?5+o$tLR{uVXN36cOY)DX{s7?qK0t?GPCpXy0X<>1V*lwqm${-tTnBE?ixi<9nfsnRB>L|KnIT2E zu30`!2Tim2udP0u0)VJrM?wyURs0w~fTpk_x>%OA75|Wp6CTX9<>KX+M-9ujJXUy$ zLbUSUPRi z?<>J^5=96^?^P8fmFhb{oPP4MC%R{3s*K)SET21a2?dhS_Uu>TuvOf7Y!JT++%x&% z(Aa0GnfLI)+gh&|W+e&RssWkEZrYY}xw0$Fz1p>N(()%6H5qLtg|KKW}Ymv0(2p2Wsk}6+YZu=O+<} zoSkU&j3>e&dlR#s(fJiOf9|%i=EAeWR|!}VVQt>0C|hX@XwEbu;#XDo1vJT#>^^HbmRApUECqspSQpZPVK_WzUy6ZBf8LuoaeX3FO>i##reZG|fVpS*~&8qrDVFIS4o0YYE0Ev2ZEIjUFcM2Ur zQea^DSC-}=_#{YFC3+TJaU05{duS>y0o*{2YbHlZU8ZAi{aqkf3YGy#Ug$0#+|Nla z4%=v(SGI#!8T8=qmD6Jkn~|0tK5ndwRpf5{(zo05`X{x9jXzEJ^;59tA zgmthI`aaZN@Z1yZjba>xOqQEeNb89jYUJ8P1s9AH7BVk0#v_6ot z{3WPgn7Fx!<1LR%-!{Tc4?e1LjZ~RwBAvpOWH23rag4T1Yuwpw=*%fss2Q5a`W^g?tlcx!QNoxR5X6i}j?DGIabMhClJ0D)dF&euFNI84Zu>hm)ZTOJU zbRT4-_=gvz*~cFmoKhq(DprJ5fgJNQBzk6jc~{gqxFV!2#C#F-0`c{c1~Fw15`10@ z+Jk}l{n$nnS_&Q5WZVgB2qCgi)>CXJM$WrX=ig|cfaVD+)_Dno_)T6Er-{J-D$ zj*20;Kue2F`v*IXz~xg%Ok9x#+EDe7Flz=CfC?1gHhkQ;vE&kb z^D1*cc=LuO1s@{EX$RqP3eudlWdMuYg1o+>x&*9s5OSIWV0IYT>Ggu!6vwp|yH@@= z$fzG$qG@}k(GT+7{{C2TD$8lth8nX7OZsegyZKToUTI9L2$7Is|5*Zg2I2MLm%5F9#yRNb?4(m#2^z_W1~ z+3qi&SF&1WX5?Pi>2{TqT;9B8I=j(*{d5Q1!`|Ts@dRL1JIrxzHaX6?aqeeF$%pi&ju_%(AtYU9mpG!s zVK1cdaAZ9;NzPISUuKoaSa_UC6Lt-Qs-yw$%ycgqIent~5qnBDBK zBfRhJvzpxUq%BJ56z2Ikf>~8kTyEA+SKjEsMGS`+88RuJMxb)fL@!-Gli3nrD@qD0 z9e~Ql4keUAXopXhS~z~(>H*;tP z?XEbgz0yp77I-T9V=h1n(1W)c4P`9=vbiWl-8G=yxQm6e_M%^K$Pu~on6RVwhXYQ`&XieI%m}KXe3QMIkg-ZNkDYle)PfP<4`;jx;aM|bj{`VnmTS) zPO6bD#CY=d^5Y_A$77e;x8?~%<^3Ff$c6>iGoDQMdc*6)DqLde$$a5Oyknl1Nsma$4#SO>HO) zLkp4{%)Tpy?lCk@5WZE8N)0a4#Y=vXG*GYmq+|F^ZdL2GZ$~vOBo)_Xn zx!5d|Oy*+^ClZ+ejqTp&T_13II7cbH`uZjxN=64|Y@t%B=svIKaDReAvBZ8n6B^H~ zf2>MQdXaJvMY@1x-Zo~H@pg~g&B994KrhoPm`D*X6oGrbefyVB@;4$4@?jYyzoSmp z7ZH&$#zZCT!XRh_DD5S71r|sKF@dtjztpVU*cEDVVdZN9`tRPw_R(YuNFW(p)fIV0 z9iZVdni>~csaB{NX9Ry$L-aGHJm2GNUP6i8}oipzaKB+%Z&G>MB+74EYK^fZ^xH&wM}VW zw%{-XhsLXmx@Uy{auzPn1-Aojw_gey`uIOT%6^Gbc$brDURX#GHw#985zBdg&GlGF zKHe`gyZE^FFq{jnIY1_2h6EFYy-T~*M^YWO;$drGzP#3|L{&Ak#L@u5iBLNx*9vUc_EsL&XY{IV|h^cL#|DF$kY485uhQ z1<JLQn=Z9Y!aNLEC32?zy zOTQ%EHHye;0Wm_%ja=}O5Vg}ztme%tFn2$W7xrrO$%n5L!mF2fwT*FN$3WmSEm8eqer6b)L65?mI4Ri9l7{v71g?sbWmK&;bA?d1bD?mm1=Zdk$^Kbm=b{K^+r#r+W^ zVC-^1FLoS+R)aL|`O6>=^sH);0Zbq#ISU5f^Bb@KIOP^iI!9b(#3ZLf$rhnhm#6&= zTxisFva{fP&`NQvRHPUxUCRAb(@yr828on}H%-D1ZUe`-dHfb4%e6yo&hz^plvpPq#3 ziHSK-VTV;{9zxuEN)4VnrtdbyQYfI(zm_JnTprS;m#BzcVe2mcJdYf)#gfdLhHm&! z6J2?17i%qy43Jfirl8~L8{D=vLmX<}^5T`oJkqQ&slgou*6?!1B(T-EbWE}2>8yg{ za@F9~@V|p;`fw5}i3|Hfh|#*GBf`K58Lg(a8Ddf0M-HOodV@@ZHg37Sy}i$?h!0y) zBU~+g_8tQo&-a(sg>st>w4`c0xn^?bEf&4_v+7qba9ZJq3Yw=*bM)|G!p}*ger(RB z)ys?@SVnaN+}s`+5#KACq)jk`AP#l3is~c6OAlA~6p3byVa`g(URvEG-+sO(fua65 zSQpNQ(4e9FKqK0?QcbVVqabam$sh@kpLy}NHxX>W9Nrj83=@3#wfUXmWou{c+%u{H zNLk?eur5RTEl>3(A;lQS)bfbdM<#M5%r@*}Qvd+SvyWa5 z&CkA&TvYrWzyCtq7atmNfB3ORA4#woz2>0F6Ze?v8>qIwk_~)Dfb2E!x}64Xp)HmX z4ZUR+6fXd>=cxdv5M}!ow4gMjn)9DDp#WsyV++%tAkzV?4z=i)8w zCC1GIV3#qU&*LWDMBt_=XhbnS8%@NB6qxY{$?xn;+npgotXqC3*`CEs30_1CSd-84 zI)%jiWMm%Y?^xZXLafXELK9mJD!b4$>xg9uO2Nz1flK>gr-O1sfg?%DXQpUWIX!m; z+kv8}Ui}_t+>h;AZ3I1QhxJ>hN*;G?>zU;^DvHyOaBnW*b1pnnrshw`pul#Cc=F5=IQ?@}oGUPPP%TKU! z!F&*{J=n}~u<$?>+{tFBwFp5we%<=>H_o0+EQ`8}2XAelx-c@ePV4ViD^#MW-Q61S zVy{E&-}|pWd353#92c6eQf;&SIqId`&FA`Cj-Ir|D9M{%$u9Yv3g5lq8;9;Ok+zvlqdxL1g+-k!AlJq&4ZcB4^2VDx)pG-;%#85DCN5aIv& z#Q`OO20@I8coj&qC?_dob%CqUzfiF2KDC_iQ}@hwEgVwO8WkY;(-9k-aZd42g`Q=H zXVk)k5bP&}h?c6M;Q?WE60^dRcoa-3J}{vZoVl)1j?-=uu^R4}Fn&UN6%I!(kyQb^}V9 z?*vvt`E{aS#oga)$T>FUViDa1l;nbfF&RtWNkV38aZ=`Q_krnxer2#p^0+8=2SH(biU)%H?PsV~oDi=5JH+Y?% z>?26$#4-+t`jZGwzjzX3(sD#9GACQk_lLh49+NgFEP7|SlEvesoMCkiN1Ggqk6q=S z9lPDR*lM;>!<6Ldqw{Oxi2m+T?x%_HgixD} zixodbgP*@EtKDKYSadrHK4CEC4>~l#NLo$cav#695lC0uobffLlWO{mmCPY z>Cp>8g}(ftJyVgIzb})dvR5xQnI&Lm8R1+QG*B_rNqa@WLUq|)X;swP1ZcHZML+wZJZ5c(>B(AT2t4d8pG;H>N3!I5@q*HvR=)T# zjePm@Ki0+arF*;Te=t}=OKH@#(LwTOf7V>?NCn?60eGPI^Sfq=@2DjgTDnH$z4>B^ z9Y>(GcLYqaw}vwr0EcB%ip-aeQ4(0|ygPt-q=AT>vi?(~>(6Z7K-u!(C@${t^m@|o zaY}-GH@Zx|%7}xc=}u&7%i{fgpMhvp|H6IAA-1V8v8si!PoFf1YD=kd0YNww|1kYp z65qVwp2^-e_9ZJQHvIChs}Kvv*rqG_3U2>rT*(N$PPBzspf2UYs|zGb)i-=yoR`J1 z{=4~T3O<#LD~+o;JNc@F3chV3k@R!x@>(>e)fgOLe7!?IWUxTe)~gNA&x=~W{oSzQ z1_!GB&Il~o95K6;5K~f`;(}D3ck*OpbnoQ!RThId!7pQmSn9V0Aa!W?(JUN9Orqrq2fKa19w`|^`p%Anwo2BSOu8@49_@e2z zw=-uApKVW?vp!>ZR>AbmX2!jy_WKcXOujnQU*RbS8d?I+;7AXPS;UzMj|Ad`eT?g- zB|Um-WO=2oo~S}UqcQ`BfBNzsWNv}_RBi@XJ4f;bXBXr_)F4HRC3%SBO@kk$#B$*x zFuAW+_O)y3vpTEw;G#=gQE>E`|68(7oV<#{MhKKks_V2Ua*i|n3)VJ6cY{N1ZqNsY zUkz*f=yc2sI6S`U!>Awk^ESFJBXRgAE>jDCKWP?CL;1b96(c(@BC02r{wSH#`%%7BrQ&f3d#0=dU-PU|-Jk&ahXBpY8mPs$%Uf^NYqzC-!aCHdy4z^TH1? z7-{x?f>yDRkK}Eej@^9cq()b3=Zt>o#wUVrow^@fTEFjs_WzyMQ+zy?zsw=-#f^PI z^s^MqwPAt#8eI&F^TI5^oo)(~-hYgJC~9J#|c}18{XH0 znn(#5Erm)SjS*gH-q2TaHm|>9Ns$v-R5~|j;(gHj8yvz5P%JvrC5tso5TnNv^@qsz z$HhqVioPmbz{87aco2UVu!wbAhi4FPb|CK5y{Ch=qs{RHci5J$0gi&obA3o$6Q^@A z-beCMCDbkNu!Q&{m1+`!nX<#?7GaGz#tp846~sPnE1-QOeaG@T{wRo6NHLLIcA-F640JFVd~)-jYFW%t3 zgyo=r%`B#c7O~=3o&J&_Fp_=3(Xq$}>>9}Z36Nn_#-%C=Gi)Gi>5^u$gz)vYey{;s&lR4dxY08}u|mB8?xS&d|SBfJM%If{_EginvNDaWePih5l8NjxOW* z4_Gx|t2RlL05oejKkC8vTeQ1At$CSY)>~7d!eZ}K4fmWgJnc#0d^Hl9KMVsN4=O(p z?g9B6aQjtnAYcv+d3^P$Y4?VjpA;=|9WCS>UlQd1=FBcl)38I+d<8dp6tC3h=ze}( z60afi>liSRwbKJ#pPVs{kfgPp(QsP6=gd3`!2KWnb)#qwM(fg|%>HW~KW`=H$k--i zV7d@Fj`pl%UJUN(^%eVHWmjMQ9%BLe_SJvWkm6CM++p)sc!yb9+Ll)1q+M4U>=5E8 zFO7}4YL3Sob~Al}gIK!-J)Ox_;Q8^dYVh~me>h#aKe(Iy?)@c2Wg(N&svoB+?s!tM zqmnq0>Sr_O@gUkHsP)%}UtvT43UiR7vD1p2On;S-k(V?njXo1nG?P+CA+MYkD2Jx1 zPdT#Fs*d>Yu(!O>h~Mhs?QQ7R&`#1&jwp4{c*Ez0mK*v}IY$?e1Jlk?j%>C*@>1(Q*AwGkg zm@=5EqZB*iv`yG{$RX)F^2X&n<;Yg6Nf0yr)0zBRctzZ6=TgZEdG+do2|G#S&uLo& zbG>$B5wb%%z%7(E?Ad{&t@<=7>n!@h0}KRjM8jU$lqf!hJul_YdTzZZ>^QVP9q?UD z1caIy{LSwYr6%o3uLrOuYLC}eHyZEVk5e6if-z~C$d^+$4h-d{#abou{!I^!jHqtc zhZ5+QiSKyy-qS#XN=TjGg;L)>0`8iraTY~%@t=W0)K(lq0`GAmom{I!!cDT#V1)Yi zt4*afVa|Lnd9@rKWyW`m?Oz{45|ofGd=(j^#CDCX6CBnnfiP-BdCs@49D;Y%GZQ-3zuFb?i(4 zqrC57eScblf8J8xb{NVD$-BMCQ9yMLoO}pDj<-(&rzgErDV&{5Nns*Xa_1+`mKw+KDR~Fm**;gn zX*u>c6pC?;+L9j+iD!@-)1en{B5q0p;$w(Pvoug`b*2dT!iD*A zOq5e7-Pdo6Tq&P)iBB8+`8*+r5N$+o-cHLGE z-O6RsI#a*R_Yka_-gtVxU|V)b`i3HVa-=))OyrJ!;q)+5e0Tfrgy1p170nnRpEBQ@ zP>PAWWJ4f{+nNdC&UWsXR!ORTA_!4==Qdt^)H?V+$-F^>=`8Pa9%X*0bS~)u(Iy!i z5ypLub3Z>;Hz%H)b`6?-SQ4*l(UcWA8x91j_`45T3jV0(GD_tjbu(2uB&(8-_&uxs z`xPNucmUag{kOo-a@7W+j=yezyOqf=#u}I8k10|!erPUa%T8d-x9K+I(?%93cwClg zTyQx&w!kv%kL|OkG0VpGauGc6H+Tm@wUSAWnSSb2``RXHCVTbd*bz90Pk>g`B#H1ap-%{ z<0TAt#3jn2% zM~ni66Y5jUMpV`MIx)xYiAOW@-p@Y7Z2heH_|X3F;!TM-H?P+30kWiu8O~Y3?KQq= zE~39cj&)RYzTEtp&3pdETL*F6XK@O*wTJNAp<#tfLGA#)HjV}EnhDk>oX=T*VeI|y zwjXXBpVxVdI!NN2r>3V^swY>+oObBR>ZuxW*=Fq?7Zh2Whh6W#2`-vU4CIOczp)H)%HFUc9`acb>}eL%BG#peTphXw zC}OJ#HZEJS4ztZse1u~)n+0zI-?Ss`zVt!yin2%%Rn!a1M+W>ht_7nv!PG9vq}!YfjMTZpZ`1HmoXpbb6QcrrCMa;+5`(zV@`HtkRhMj z>QMma+054oaT!W>7bOifByc5#vaM<=5U`o^v#^7^$@vR)enx;4<^``MJ4&?qg)-vU zvi{|NH|W)zqC^5G&o8vbw0=tSj?R@cDVb$WP{q&6^NwJA4Ht}^sa2-(7YHeE&lGX; z|8QB^obrA^jew1B(SxlvlcKW3A*t-a$KUaTr?C;_549e%GubtJy{@!H%%q?x&)Xi6 zMC7}=&lHt84oQ7Uc=Lieyss}2%HFceL*zMa-|whRdPcM4sw&(^nl@)MKn_JHq;YlAG0XF^Z3kG*4`e%jLc&R5OHCfqexZvcIFj^$Kk?GTL zcPQyscn&ApCO} zw6yZ^ppYSHeNG%U0AN7sF9& zs=X6FPAIYwqz(Uj#^vBgOZ{*4c+uV9gk zWqbX1`fbBH>C_Z)_A4X~Z;DPl37ac4Rw^x^n}VN-SaL;3eFYR(VBAHZq#?_%T>ll? zw!FB+{BduplO17dv_UEZqCS3+)baXlvn#cu7sRXQCy4cg4JyNm5U$D0`twta6+s2- z?1mWGI0hV`!gvNCeqBGtT|Sved+(1B#olYeH<`teR-r#$kgb`{8l&^of)cwco@W8Y z&NwwEbUV>M=xdm041F552Y-4GBf2ENfR&N;KBfk&-w_X4caI2&U>3z1#XhIqayk`+x$5`H>Mj0px5EDCJvk(s>HG7I5aIgiNIn| z+CU=o$Pw0eSO~eTa1CnTZqYu%%?pU%x!D#k-1;srN~3uzn{|fUjPDhU5fhjwa8N;b zaA0asH{Ela9SNYeg491pEy2X+-Cr>ya((^4f}OPOg*ys#Mnb;fUm8eh7_Zskwm3WJ ziF66dR@ENVh^$;lwwvNah{KoE8hLKCc?@#?J#mnp{^#fWZ#hlMFBhq$*8@J(zJaH0 zY9ko7(rKBT`G%Yc==_e1d;#!x2d99SY1Oo3leW4WZokG75q-!E1NV3?4=;T^$1?=+ zdck*Z>Hx(w>AFgi*z$N{<#P=SU*>WeA2hiT*2&hOq{0YNTmzuIVU_I8aTP)-Tldn!2> ze}c|9s=P4RkIQXmu@`W>Im;(~b8G)Gi{uS*r z2sykM)JGKM!q>+J=*whHl&W?!y|jkCNowWy9ZFHx200yuIezcdDUMO|)b`^hTt$7~ z5m<OLX$!1Kqhe^E_0TbQeT# zSWJ>V^Tif;z9OC>FZPUEwLdo9%$BHZ+hlBk^;ISb*W@`+?~KS$!9_X-H`C?`YrO0i z+`dGNzwA6hI$f{_9injX)Cx%YyiU>Bv2=gFKW1zoN%%}Mf4E2{%G??3b-|PwDgHRi zHKGQ=LP}`!U44xL^9|Vu%Kkhuz7)?e?Mq&iKe#4~X#+#D@tEfwc%a&CM}}eU-1NNJ zCcD~5D+~l?!f@W@u_JNH@htXl5MkFr%R?fW^T#cAoxtAQ#1*62b-S0=^IQJiuEW(e zBnQ{#o-cyDU-Jlitl?`GtH?HfRPZ(Yl;QceB>Uur|7TS_(-+`qd(e|0>wBPuGj}Am)~W|S-Mdci|Rg@SgVc{whTad zIUlp8saG<;^sW{KW4G4-BlZ&;~tN51;#i$iyj>j z*W=LvM9!K>umvVs>JNDMd7c?s%A$1~)(YCj$9wY0$XRNi%~?BG@f-7ijb^Xr)^${K zMeEQ<2=iv16SsSiXQoFV*4d>?SuyHkYx_o}73R@?uYbea`{j>wW^MXB$b#)OeIP3! z+GGMR)j_DkoP_!x!WDAv&d`|pdJKqu`gMg(+$#hBE@bN3e@5))TDi3#F?{;dmLJ1QjeZ!XKi>GDZH`p2s;CEqe{JSrcyR+5(L@w-VXn%$J(iEHh^$uJ zxSCrKllwa?I-PBErtU^w#%uQwgPJmv%lB-yZn+@D z?Ppux@;~>o#l}9($vbV zf9-nh35YFOb?Ypkx@@&naYQ=52Br;$3x6NQPJF%hVjH@4-)>O=&2BG>ePvx1`2JGf zSUx-iOuq~g4-wd{V}#Q&1ujf{$k9ujF55{BpA9!kn%7$_8Jt7gRL(8ZtgjU%)z35g z$mJc*W#H|~b^f=L#L+RIKutC?zY8>(zD@l>yZCv~9>`dczMqX}-l{R!0C=6*E6q-C z_ooEb+fw}d4G7mpwgY2Tlc-v_>x(kBBDJ=Pa5vrhm??5j649$Zu(F zIP^1)346lNcZ=%9z1EOU0Sh{G;f@_H~WMcyRB(39-qNgiILsC?W_euzAN z^*$S^H=}&;7s%-xaoVN?f@VjZC$u8YjxOOQCaA%ksT?LK!AC2;Px^no4EzA{#K&Vl zHnkfve{}fz^Jik=5u{Uk5v9Rujz8*_)$wvZx-UvIdM z)1e%r`d&^>$r2&E0DiBdDa#X@Ezt{;W=W8rBWsn58pvss!lspJ!F)`!5%|wB3C$~F zDb)Pnn9(1(l-DNT8l^RJb20X%xtG4*9s98=boqK0i>E0Vw`A*qAf4PGt!wRz@AhlW z^nQ@*gX|d!D(W??CO;T=hI2d}cnKE}Pk4_nDRBPDvbd;k7YHmZEv-O_4t+jA_iol9msUf$Q~~!1owS6S)LC z8uO?wW?36daQ$e%csfMvG~@qK(^p4D^?mW)336zWjsXN|kw#F4kd#IQsi7n#rNJ4x zLrEp2kxprc?w0Nrq#Fqz-`{)hk6CMG&Aoe{&p!K{v+lW{&ptK_A{D!s2zZPvu&|W$ z5S;vFwYf}9&{P~Joo40x4A#it6jeqa7U7?4M%2rVoMAf5a9(LkZrR5YaKV5YfFtH= zAjM*nsgx;T!HAfl*8+N{3VUNFfn)KPFPeM80p71I85_Xjc=0-A`IH;T2X&l4HUEiH z7$m{M(9=}^GoHw!@`gh`|JqCPC;syim3Oa!1W!C9PRyO`o$BfNd4oae;^M^Pb@DnH z)WZ?KV@O@!`)0({+BNpeIhFZ!Yb$z#b*%P5)UwIOHz#ZH2A04?xfv!l8H zXS4g*Uv}?fO*(Vqi0!l6AC$eMU3U> zPX!kBJziI)M(mwkI2>5~J3X42%Rkt+-ep)AKb>}$fw~AXI9mNPAP(qRxy?`Mv$8 znWPhZH%ioPT0vh;=tm-hS~uAkbrUy{0f@7Bu^Ms;90}9%jPG6b1+D@6BG~0{b9x{g zue?a~DINnh>^tpWd{B-`3J1Eo)67tv<}uO9+3A}>qUBgIGy}etGNCTG?sIL4Bd7Gk zM@F|7<&=AN{8%FykAi?;FA@mQP2%lV2yiOh3k|Vp20GaJ_fS!d3Up3;ytShyfVH`Z zE!b!Mw7!a1XCNI)40-8D1d3$LBmQIk^FakYUERJsN+jPBW=ir7hmYfDl{WQC1x-fz z0n+aYBPPmFyIV$rAt!s38B}~)Dii6EB8Jvgt{s5#F@4PHWACifNYVjm$75mFPO=0S z!j3$A#9u#FMF|IRpk3d8?tbG8TwW%2@je$(^WS)l*aFQ1a~rK6mH6ZN1Q8_JP1aI< zl<%)S)Y&I$euyv$*Tmt*rYW=Nk3#_J>qd#Q*T`?`2&#KY@F@F`5OclkwqL%KgERqGQQ%B^|^xZomFTH;4<|A2}Wa_bZeL8+rScD6Z{ zS74N>;AtG-rS)OV%ZS6?pBY4FbFk`Xaq+eJR`A(kZSV_^^Zf;^a-v=(1+DhyP4N%j zm2jfND@jsu%Dda$c0i}g+<4clu@877y1%-0@Z;1HBOj5?L~B#b(m?9&A6r^7{K;%+ zXlVY{8xnTJP~{K48yCX7=ujn5u^24>)NO@IYYmk`F`-HF%O~1mt;)pEcgUy>;biv8 z28E9+c|vU99%>1lmyFUjq_P@)(qVuR8fmuHw@e4Ao3(J#XjLr$Uo`RQ zZ9nmiwQKIwrT>2o$E0>Z9WFHu0F z<_892{Fz`XQ)N~hK2pn?|M0<6abn%wslauv?U840Ai7OI!?OO}o^bK6wKpOVUB#`F zo~huKC0uwdn}~aEcBqg<3Ipfqli8aS04!1(%=Hcru6Q;@37-C8;zZtPLX6|cW4AVf z9V>MD4Rz0_G}65vVVmz-AylY9>L^u+haQWip(@zJ_f_VDRr`AV6k_;p(vMa_Ce!0L z5Gv`(fZ}vW9c}27Oyfrc4i6eg0_JLYgt23f$ZKb55W?kDfrJX2SsqMjtH5~=SH#2Ja8Dhh#Q ziKxftN91^@cZ*9XZ@d@jaR2*Bi0Q~(TKW#UxW^7j{-LutVTYeNu)t8x?H{Ngdl_>D zxDmsPQhW(X$ZF^iNIJ~^M+(jRbPQUNK-&(2>})bBI`x2=6H7{=J)3QSZ5!GJcv=7H z#VO|x*2Qu%pHP2=5}Bp;2T?b46t3BRI>lPQl}N}1|E8T&y!PQZNESkm7_4l8g#iN+ zj^eo#g4jKk=R6=CEOR#W|MEe;7m(w48BHm*3+airnhjXONB$dKVD{nHd8qE#;{=4n zcA$3!7Z$Z1sIY!yz>K=`gw_D>tADn$p@Ecb*lb5X>XCJU15&ZW*R-1k)5)b*b00Ep z-22hL(Vcuht2`BSYQk-spQTT+MGrxe5tWu^T)sKk3{QS{%{pb`4>Z-RgICYrZpxn? z3PZ(Lxhwz?7Sl!sMD3d6Wj-igf<)bkHT=#tVRA80P z?|_nSWS1B^(vWBYT=1^yS#4hO&$mTF8_Sm#wtqL`iCiwS2oIB9D(+EZjHiC?{bQK( zo$@4kCXIs~w}rc`)aMGd0UMkXZi}f5KHg zVvPvF=h?08R^46dqF>g(JhvS%ont~5VhO&)0gk?B;KMU1ndl6KaP#<>@sq7gsK$nT zs2s6}h%ytq&@`1^TCSw8=^@FKC@Vto9dBjtzGrs@BiTlv9PX{oPr4*%5h*Gcj&i)o zgZDk{j9p_gyFsc&nU|ty&8(BhE|+2TObsss%zx`y0`D8)lJ=%|_C5;-zWBl5=~f!d zS!ArW4K8;KsG|q}Qvi{YMy7l%z~uTH!e9oOKPJjN%c!nAi!yNcJt8-o-tH;If zI1y-h_M%CCe-Z`+>G`43KT2>qXglE}liNgIll}g-PigA%RHl)K6DRhmJ6Qau9njz?kJ0B}Exgc@yt2r>cz|Qt7MWJ)D&PiH)1YVu2_Tz94^4Z zj@`>S)fq(|)B>Epvj0*Lbq8r}S=`)vr+Ad@uPFBMqx{frQX;CGu~-bMKD1VIM1J@6 z0Rj}*+n6=51yH+imD?H_zI_@;7Eu~d9qUEFN1gH%sNSmAh5h=Fo#(H~*#f#Ih$M}S zbfv7g72y{D!`1_yu&@0DSTi@w7?nRyt3oZ=Nx+aWc#h1GE=hRRi`ZXL`JzhtU@D4l z198&=ZC zzxxG9!;zS$O)NCYZ7+=d?|YLAg9~pZs_{JZHPx3%m)JBjf|WXekZIj=u|3>XQ-I%oE${X0d#oW;zLzc%#3C1%{H6Af=MWxn5QF@@z+` zRPy!5h?wG(QhKD<4iWxm0n__9{bkOeqz30mHF!{o^oYbkX*)Z1V&FUMbqe9c!8xVJ z*IHGg`%8lp{aC;ZxYhzs%$ z9mQgQ-w-7Eqs4Q_tg)P1OL|WN<2;eEF-$mJo$gNVVWt0Se16i^50L6u2HR!xq*4gJ zQMaPJ=m0YlX`L7S+`72=UQ?FufO)H0la2Xj7jZ{$l#7B&qv56~JCF`--Q(J#wqf`D zYSAI*nx$34wVfZ&u^5&n6A1tF{tZikBP<6u>lm6fo#Om2C_{h5ZAl-A(%0U1utMOH z$VPHwIPsO9KH3PAt&r#2|9LEtO-$4PYJ}}N{7J+Pyl)i-{3vN6oOAv8ul0)0SugwM zQO3Pt1XlD|45;};W8>2dl6x}*+!)65fxP@McKr5>U(2Iia#2p->Q=IId1^Xz0y+H! ztw74z@zOA1L>5}Qlj?yU@D$n6)kPxYhcuwVZB3K=2k<(sFgorrj-zSK|jh{_g*A^XixXgVaG5t zyOjYkCn#$f;mag&?(DbJyl6{uB*Wp@-2+<3*rnPaLi;1#$CX5T96Tdr2IQGk#yMo4 z#S>sk62hN{@6jqp{`*pQcBx#MkSnVb7j z;d6Va)OAUwi*rIv4TkA9>>nP*yE5LY|> zem>dB;JULS^Eaoux`9ne*BSUlv7B3`MLgLh$f_HTUL|CkY{)knriIdyzjAsJ{S%e1 z{IUCQc>~{suT_XF#*h`mW~n&zzRZXs^MIzW&Tp}CglK~`koJh*@BlK+*GZ4l9b|$- z>MzJTO`}Q*l_o`6yvL8-uKf1K3`0sA4Gz@DlchD}1|A_$x-i!M<4l6p_RK&?X7`3O zQ*A>iQ^D^tZhXEF;PTOssK65}6O?LvJef-*p#ud-4Htr3`hV|P?L{>0LHXSd`4gG97MhB30tlsC>t#WKb3 z<%IHqOZuAMTV?S?CA<%}QRVcaJkEk$4_uK&=n{!+Rxq}#Zd^dtaEb<`^hki8aA>`2ah#F{0Z6E z9(P~<))3|}Qj&c6r$>r6#wP#}w|!p49Gu;k{KI}Y7iqALW&|2YkVG{UJ$?lebr8&b1ac4ag1o zxWI9hn$KAMw}K^ViAospISWukiwQ2v+XahAcC~*g7`$(*wToM^K3OJG$p&*l;I(RJ zFz=T@xD$CTRUVJDN$ivy6Us27o{5(-mH)78$bt|TPA}^-M3WrDom(d$$z>+_ICH77 zim$2WQUIIbDabc6q_;6y$|HoW-sfkhiHf>@TH7Zxqp1Cp`q8R-;E7h%4I%bq=;c6nYBhp z{*A_}pviZzFAPUN_WpH#A3PWt24#0pALdIT=Vndbd3XIFxV`-(SR%TnW7<#DOg=9$ z0(>J0V!Fa3kv?S&#%9W1Qu{22UBQZAHrB_- zh*gzi*Pslym%@umxIi@Ht12Qu+z^fDr77I4^M=~{h8TK@cG@KLggN?4q{RS|U4`S_ zGv9omb$yxx53w#$$5T*T1N6^n@kSH_Wfoubu*^=36^Tz)!tyY)pYt+vYSm$LNKlbH{5 zX_lJKVl?CLh-Nzh$xojw8K2??yK88s}urJ)U!5&pU0u_%W1>n zXlSxXsmgv$qTcV8di#c)fZ4#@v?mthN9HX^KsQe!WfP@AQ)EvzfY=lVpEh|L zyUfF~C{uS;B41c=kda0l9d)F*GjN(12q=!Kd_vl`Vy|btM5GfTZ%UEIg*SY2Q z4|doH=9YKGxQ`0&*tMj!uYu`ZZ?RXH0sqv@`k1NEBJGWG; z_~!~^AqSn_G==Funz1}ynWLFOscg{8^%z*Jr=Vq`bNx$@4iQJyj5!bPA>FX`3yrrA zmgziwUf!tQ!4AvTf8g;o;FsozJW_;wQ^%0NCA%91L!@vvUfbPrfQZ@#(>Y(UVcIcl z&(biHa-dQXyEnO zYY)p~^2xhvHmg8^mWqlBr@P`;rxv^?M+;Qj)r~*~E`1nO{gLEU{;d;8DVpozzGZV) zb~!rGp0E<YsGQXG>%X zkFU<4vx~^t>l-~^0_M+CVG#jWdMCCG@`&R(OR@7|M`BLx&`db-7Bo;|7j7*30dbs_ESg5Yc1?71ciHBT0$=&ovut6Jj>^3!Qvo4oIRKW+O zVr05l6TX^b@6a9xFY~NF^ViFQ%}+bLV8yZ`7|BY0ZpMR%uB6PoeNW%`xKu#-%bCqA z3UrrnQx04UcFdc%u6+Cq&Y|yd6NHu1;hr8*n_`~XkS%Yv&mAkAHm;^LralsF{!WsU zt)IHCMkLxh9`~EMi%^K2OE(UHkT9YYvN)ZGz5+39!Gxg1W^M$ELb_v}yH$DO1iCK7GUY<;q6)LcE)$yeg4yWj?ClO^a$IwEtP|(6h>z3 zMx`-n7~7YYa${PGzR)8W+0=B?C|Q~u6i?0gN`^r>;XCf&I##g(nbyxAaR8zwPY}*I zlOni>?C7=}+kp@J@>CNSf*BFLGG($H2c|?`!0-BwV4>Gv&!a zGd1|1h{QqsN4fjsL@0B`)q1d97*PQtEMlOPidp_rw^fSwNd#h+rIb=GOKl0^g^+wL zw-l--OZSfDuM7KC12)(?QwEoB^~`HrUC)+g`7GAY1y_N4k4{!CcJ9Yc>$m6npY>ID zjaqo)BR-5id{oHAtXXLu+~1kTsVO$1sYY}=yq=P@qq*J^ng_y zQ25up=NeCy{`oLtfBa!u%&a=v;9_Q7Derx@s8uhqyow04hhteOB{bn4*k9n^$om?_ z|A2|&HAjoi;Kx#bU$SfwpcSXXDz92ni_|X*p%1eg_%kxz{+jw0XG5?$)8TPx{F#4J z{&M(V1{6~csu$#nRnNq(c}tgBhU+RbUQo-{ME<(!BFswbsoyg}$S{*Qmw$dtwBRkrQ)JTjmhGmED$z=j2cxJH6BkcG&jds&-D_(|TdN~; zRh}@jS7?w+LEWXK2(X`kThPS&Hv+94hVQxu%VV8}+_UQ#?&;$`H4|z_%G$4)mj@mI4?jN1Y~AnfGfxG@ zLKQ?6bj3ZEDVIQ`Y4 zwDcnidv^wMsf7qwF>^Wq(OLihtHf^V-jFx#Ck+_08o#l==D>moUzg!pm9JGCiuV1( zkp@5ds-TOez9{gQft@keWkwmHZTOe%_9Y*VAg9b$OmcAe@M0a~DuF@O#w4S+D2;0E zpz16~DiZwSPDxow31WLbpJMlINiz7#BWsZG`({2i7mAva%HSd{$Ko|(>s!hZBr@SA zyUo8(0N!J3*hu}Ew345EDf3EcTLgayNSPiiRJG_qa1mu9`MZpr6nqcUjXPbDbnp7! z=BVr{xTB^0VN<#Xjn1O3>?Eq_&}F6Ae^VQT!(0BhJt=`^_Z_ze2fx|N-TyVg6*OcB z(!=%hrF2`XIKIoWN!U^iypHdS=TxpM3p~g7DFV~%+H;eC`JOy%d~Y9$M`G)6ZX``e z_SAkK5A_L=z_D6z>FWyazm}CO$^!~Vh za#EiuwGr^VERhnkRVN~w@YT+A_51jMsa?!t-4D$IGN`urm^od?HeovuKUyp|qP>w4|c zYp72xx#x0~1c2Wy=cN2O-)Zj1PS+;ij9#?z;mi2kA=13I>W2=EGxW3AX~6{W4_gIQ zo?8v*?A-fz2p9_6n3$OLFSMBR>|D8%(aE*gKLqQA>ch0u)O9gYF|loF z9o;wdDXKtCwz6f98h3QVpE%D;$dB^gXD9F3T-<;VgtW;3VP-3}IM5P4d=|Tro)o`QrDJ*ca&37d1D%_~urcE6G zJ@w*rm1VVv+iWxK=xS-pQdf6s5378D;SE%?Gy9%7^NMCRl0`R1IE7Tv%t9W@XCvA(#RsRvDkxCOzK-^A9u7)p|n&-ZR(%I2(~mOCZR!f#kZJ3D#fKKmwp;(_#( zxj*OP&XoPJ!9GnE<N2)Nv@Ujh;I+P|PEibi2ZB8+sT|xIAq*U*y7w;Z@82$)7J3f~s{i@~Fw5 zpAHkgagabSiL~7AU)8m|_xZP%)*9oRU}CG)t{Lt6S;`z#KU}M7=29V%Uz~*gz|=^U z=r#N;v|RQ!ntuNZiDb})E&)0;+b8$RnGBH zi}QV2{KQVS1l76!L}_MF_f93Bor5ngg5B{i{cfu&j_%n}1V+Ddf?4UisRMrvK32Sy z+b=9rx4REh>$d;}#7g^g_pe8F$u`Y$?gLCAJNF+pOA922 z?;;FDHN(<-OcA1oiVOP!Op5jES`T#s!JasF&a~3oi8T>d5O#+r=t+*{F3F$XFY+8{ z4-TM*8vxs@=yGl@^j6+N;|D0ettn1e;Be_6L-&WPe9*6_?FP7+4G9q^bcqB%d7+M( z)?eH5@?P%U&4duJc4-b^m|Dr2&st5f)F-J^@s>xwSfmW11iDwgyEK4&>f|z>B3+#4 z71Fi+Zkv$h8N)>md}vira~vk-_uS8e3e*#v!^oPD*Id$R<;sLIbF0V3+qZpCb+Cl21 z|ITg~Zg~T@@`YReo$XKlv-4P_47lY^{9wcqU@|n852{|E7377}&JVTFAy@>nD?RY+ z9Qc<(>Lz%IV5LEwZbI>K;9Z>0jX%EOxBw=YMI}!bV0jrF%k{bVY%JBic_($syP6>8 z28BD(8%g|v6k#0H8gM~|h}oiVtt#ag1nZ9RTJuxcZV!UnZJuje7&H$vc9lQSjjm z?2-I(1_(o~-c?|}$+p0ALYPwWTK71x`q#_HiMoUjEVZ>Dh?WjIJDlDYM31(6RBPvl zD*`734Ja7*`zlL^U*;7|waB~KjNud$L4_#{%RCz)LFEPYi+%H82Z}c`DDyB7KK#-~a4hIp59jL;2 z90xSyfeaYStJH3lpnM+5k6rA6VXmAP4KK``eK*7`A-X#!6zKR&KbsC%X7`EGN=T&) z(LSp@xpdt6?C=2&)t*)g3>o?BidvUA?&Y!D{@9q?(@dT0MD$vsD+0Ck+_8@q@vy{S zQ>-d*0f_d%&TJJ96tM9i!`S|tCK4F;B>0>}0@{rwkY4~+>qvC0tbwB8ZEVMmaP|T{ zt_{Wq_bXTW6rQB^rZ!AEW&QUSC~%m40P8T={8|~Qon6V6V7p4BKb8=`3e@U+qAoNU z>uGgX``hK~$jeyejndvaz-EbO_~OR@0g&%8H{(SQmw|!_cE&`}DUI?x152c{jQO3@ z3FSMf_Q3c$6CHK%PJHu!Su?H%`5iK%qG@c*jAp-*A%5|dWL^H4Z%V7@uGuh)`OMZ^ zzn=tADl=&TuN_pP#--X7YkUSgio3w%YSFN7*0(RpGclt6&A;m;HdhHoMhF)w4@3EO z8p{}t$+ap#;u@rg$SX4`n^0}q>~d+FM(-S>t{s;?$`rPr9f~~oAxf@DQ(kmS;* zoG1~)sNIErWqmz5%+U>e^9SybbRQqDkWl@oh6Zg^){!60(khIRK0ji%6-Oy8i?@Lt zVmN4uU`I*2YbL+mmE?=n+m;*&B7;^SEueEjF{{o)2k8<`>GL0?$B(*hUPPpOKW9sy zNb;7j?zd;WvAk<~cWDarGUG!kW>2x+(ULf28AF_nmx#AqPqF4b|E`(1mQma`k{NEK z3G0# zpK7$%e579YTls#(T=&iyFYqeNW-M5 z!nbkCdmr%|hK#-Db9s=__lycW7*1?%!2K62po%k&)>$@=)tLgtZVM5e(jr7s zp)+5;s;kD6BVKc=dpb;z1!UUah>>bR-WnWeQXJsW7WMurGo@`?EOfi8O`A()+;4o_ zAPnI=8=Xv;k2C#bkn5l+m9OT8sC5d$bw{Qy9x0XM|l2?_7Wa1Mu#1%<@8vnt2BxM>k;jHam0 zC}7j18QYv@t2NN=Y`=YOxZB&?I|-O`9yt#*gU`u3EHyo!4SwVw6KK8bDJxh0HJBPe z@lnYZ6JQsO*h8$Ag12JSgVjZmep1z?S4Fi5A4&sR?)C2zNP^84yQ5f7*nF zJ6gifd@)*ofy~139cBDSw%Sz=186FY@iHqlJA;3ZJMWriM5A+6MuKWn$Nn-|yq8}r z?lPji(D=96ef&;u(%E>?38<2{NMBGo{%SXn1-c<^Y?`(wKn6^S<4Ti^qHuZ*?_xR8 zZ;pD4K7i|j7l1<&eFBiSj?LYdBoc(e(f}vuW}Lbzl^819ccrpf^Ur&T7<#|Z!@ z*K1jw^}>D6YTNu3$4hqWFu@S-~gO+ko+m^zj~C?i3qzsw*&9myZ2!ab{<=+D@(!Wa|?vt-)z ziUlnsN&wgw3qaKk3pp#!7N&5vog~ndsw-$E4}1+q3t&Pf7PaZ>B(Lo*z2m7+Z1k)D^H$eBgHW#@-RA!pAv`4tVtiBOF6TH+>PpgeKz7RW^wI zNuW)aiw`IKd{e1mQZy1KI-#Ugp~eW4x_o(n)a1PgT)Ow=}e&5XYLZt`RZh+LEX$Y@x=?&B~3#%1g{T&b$Y z>4jFX7+=w6=F=F5ePigqPopP`;i*vhE)(bURGcH=?eQRR!R5ftY1OEi^t$g5ZrmsYW<1A1_u$E4C6*H zGW@m6R0fzx_h~G%=5WBZoR|2J)i_G6n#($r6VVxZVzxi}U{T5t_kdw>* zg$qw@r-F+(tFN)bmY)K#Kww(L@D0P5iQD{?&P5$pQ4sy<$KQu(K{q8RKc%8JL>L*S z!iMe_

Tt{HJH94(jJ4*6yJ66E5y z&JtH1$f!_S+U%7__2(tw%IRJ61rAHbNofat`mZQ#($kj=BukGbT1MQH3nBU)ZZl9! z5ME1!=wM!s27GKz`5$1}IA2sW534|AYMWq{=_|!7`K}v}?SSt}$d{(+#JW-EH~L^#pyuiKZc!^+2>NH>vin=Z40W5;1>R zaw@2@mHD8pViOZ3KeKZ{JVhyZwGqNSmJdL?8>TN|0rPL+GX;jrO1_0>F%#fNn2pu* zk_c0WAnSmPyu{^4=LoEPppr_W^t)wr3Xr(i_fz1#lUDzgiCoK1gL+`UL+pPSiY%?! zvL9t#Dn8hEc61o=BYCgIxu3^yFTYdS@DY2T54n8M?v{r*U?!bO)p?%z&aUEtIlXe_ z9&sIMfA!Im$AGLe<@CgSet zdlocH3M|%FsSgLAwd^8?nK9O4EE+09#ms4*<&&-N7wEt5K9KP289egvJY@dLbe|Mv zV{3CkDgOT4pg*@}CGsEtqAm+#B++~ibVYDist`8CQ|B%<5z)4d-9Po8N(9B$FWwHI z!Ta689lw6g2=k??^O5+IAkC6%ROr-~kf8JqUXICd%hlRNMUg*d465fglyh9G#u<=g zawkt58-p4Nb8c!9po$ zRIDk((f5-~>Zq}{>r9J7N9wH95+)--CCZmR^Tep|daDX`N_ATBe7bN>6t$9jV!+X* zt2ORPOVX%I$bhmN+%ea#!cOwYE4veZn^^aF5)UWF{W^Zl7i|s#^mO~w6mw>d)&K9|cvAy2eF~bEVkV{e`Q*G2fy-gdk zU?Ds4dE=psp4Nz@kG#)Z#(psX8Nx(0Q3bdo45q6y96Fft6_(zU9s zw5QG2F6nmXL_T~}$u|jwUAJDcQ1ljUY;r-N8Ze;jfFl196UYxVJ$~y4vvGrW4dhsK zdPXi?vyvEP}O*DvLiJaR3W1>tF zNkC(QK!5}y2t;aQgUA?TAw&)mIfCW@qO&XWrd8=hZ)|Q-CPx-dnfy)bss3 zGH%~2`ND|h${;^i=VTk{n1JgUVTX=eLKKEWQqn@OM162v?-<^D<9z|(C=0wM1fUuVLM_3C_Kt?m}>9u`^no5fiA7S z3oBmPot#_O3-VH2b*cU2pTwd-MJE^uR22solFs zRVLdf#}d_(COP9 zel&aXS7U#@Km94#Z<*_3;h9Gyd6-TEL~8j(Zow9Ae!6mT+vSRTpjF|*q1A}z!h{b` z*a^vwOYHG8s1H8faj8H$SWBtPb=D!q%!9L08is+YTbH?=%k1v&#hFb>FD_TXDozyL zX)-WP9>gbBMJT`9jcB7X-^fFl>Tvjs-b0@EU*N7 zumvYz(j-VCs%m*p!yM89t8?+PN;y_m%wDc|qhyO9McEmuuV&o28mvOK`N}bC;u&f- zRJorW-Ra^+fd;)O5Ntf5O%}Fjs_!UOtE>=IGoDVLWe!R%C{Xq8B=yfN% zfN>%mqZ88)@lGY3m_V;0gX<}?ErPLgbyt06pgEB8;-l4i$0=vA6rP7&;@ww*uXt~$ zY4mzOlI&Mnkuc~kM>PMs!d;<>$viUW=y;K+v)n)wGs}JN)f{@!NCR$$Snx?DbwAxz zIwc95)BpU;^;1%3PgkkA?HdoQI#DTq5}FKQ`QMG=|1Z`L$Tsy*!>dL9>$NqFkbpd? zg!rsMKvJn3+SS1!$e)o`VhzW~w}KPQFoLA?=~xGZ`q<3iQ=mc>Acm?~%}%)=NsXkQd;6algoVLEG0xxt|;QVU6$aUE1jUD3TJ+d%<{ zh?Ed7mP^OZB7zRu4ECVn#sW>Ss_G^;;6iqc43=QKKmOxc+a zh3gPUqP&z%U$GRws||V|M1Qo%%xzHe3yHY>ouww1J?d$dwW?Hr5vd|%je2bCeJvqZ z2bt1m+;28v6aJlLR!z92M@MR}R2vXcHv?(Uiy|muhih|MEG*ki)Bo`h{(tEGf8Z>i zixXw&YNl&->Qvpz{Om6Z=kXnmY}vhw?7Nz^?|!pr<4#CN8)?1oeMsokWAhM4j7tMg z%9_vPDPox%5XSL|vngnA0%WuIc+XgUe}%$d8aq%OU;q42bo*dUDR`$?-C`n5dQ7BN z+j03ji+jYVK5--gEXB7JbmRfk7hjPHU3Ofk=H%iEA6*g?sM_zz@A2!O*dxypJwqBE zH9M&wxl}taJt5ffOn>a#(anPp;TqLe9mn7x_U`n7u*UFrOV{Qr*sFo9#CL_E0!jnz z?-=&L!D;y8Uk(FiKDazl>qwm3VXb7JZ5S|>zN#pMg`zz@qYN~nzWNWv=Poo>Tdhj7 zOUK`~Gm%Z_&xAMik5+4W6q0m1TUp(+zwra51sX0o6ieTblF{r5jtP!iuccnV?q`lwxfMrB2z?-c6Gd&|e&0*tQ-+GfRDqz)kyOD6sX z{4mv}D!d5>R|2~hE!>V$I1^wUXW`9R_%wMxYG}U{J7@^Hp;B%{JiMu!sFm)8x7JR+ zR%i6*$4{N})%M#0ID3-MV_EDPdS4+M6XITZ1Py9G( z*p=i6vtFlZfP7dVs~b^`jA5E%Vo?<{i_wLtX7P|1KYg}y3&H>N`LfERIt?7sl=sgq z@=q$4IZ3ox`;~`<-W~@bsL&ks%LU&WWIGdeJ%t^3-jBQI%_3jtHPxr~sy%`D@?!>P zqyQ(*0w%o?Qndc1AOcS>C#R>qnsc^KsV<8TCj|hc^XW3AaFR6NifkQyihJc=ZLC+o z&Vzw(2S1T<2!s{X7XAB&G2?)hy_9QdUsTV8DBLtlb9;-d?mDp4Z;G6|OW(HBmhG@^ z?+aqn{EVsdU<0*Q$M7OxCx7sKdcn7_iV*X(xGTAm; ztPJUC8kIj7ivb-ii9SP?1+ywW@pzjr-oEBDJ8@_jWAv%=Vl!=IWDsl3DS0wna3hp{ z98b4+)rh9Mkm1{%cs*YaMVsNEX92q~JR~j?|ev+PDZfjz|nAqdG0-SL?MAjaCDq{T)>s2vckui@ax_Vcgh3O1un5=?jf)CF*-;GD`$vgYla2aY*M{@kqj?WAI#EYoE{b1Z<3>+%NhOZIC~`oKTdM zglzwI)NNpHPaPC+Uf_Ocp7K@Jn7FFP*Vbm&TCz?TE5M@0BmMkj8IE_o>ViFRkrNs@ zwJ$Pj&bUu;)t7ixGSZwr5$cQf_On?8gEKQTb8!fk%PfHYO#A>X$IvzP5)vn#P7O3x zxo;JFq}DEQ#Mc_wY{zz33B1Jt8|6rRc9=P|3%J`ndqfX;oi;c!p{OF7lcav~ouV`(ch*zOf- z8(Cjp7CTp}|L~pP2F&W%_}!2ZXA(|!|6X*&I|gp}3?^_SjB2z!EMJJEqf?gnb?_t| zDoD{-i)bu{;UzpZtdi_}a!7OzbWiEAZ zY)L3?TY1EhUj%tgD0*N3Teej#C$m;I09Nw~*~@IUKq=;iRi|ePo$a@eV8lF@8l5%i@ob2MZe8p&L}SH+DTgNc38hx zfPI@2Q&6zO;Akq7{zQiu373&ds8t5WexC9DY9nq;aMRPCo{Gabk5PI7O$-xL`xl%> zab9q7HRt!irhl^FbqA@}0Mw}zbfQaO<8~F?lSHojDIqz)upvw$i+eo4SXF6uD(2^&^*RSGQi#0tFhOat5(q(1lN~`48$SENXT-v$-l(0hL&O5`Oz2YVRd)qKPqB;{L#l$4j{ykFvR z&8JIKeb(kO+D7b_3VJqJS${19?ItL#-LtC)z-ECN^wdPjYWZ<(ULK}t_2tyA`F9q< zR^P#+((f!thlcIdck`Gt1`ybaHy{3?GXO{+e*rlY7=`V5tJ5B`+khnvKUNro0aZq` zQxzFgoy1y^E#fJ_{3P`TjH*X^hUUQLS7gVYuboz{yKn63<{;M}_3vt^)f4ybJ~*_S zl-ww!&q-JvxE|H6nKTQC1Uwwk?VeoJ_sH6mC2Z@@;Vp)PZG_)c{hM~fK-sSHQDkML z>8{X`&|c01)l(pApuJ*XgL($?c00n9JR3veT4#iYHGc)rGT&L8)PC36)t=4Y2i_6~ z|G+NtN#rb`u#*3!(VxNEY;sT%z8u-ErybMni*kO*Ip=Pdn;dF0$dw+Ekk|H|1^zxp z$3R-9szPYgw|RDmog+2`y%AKiS#JLA@JwNIwd@9zn=X0B4+CyK&dtgew2;K2%MNm6 zJyZR>sUpmlyeor-Lw3&3bAooU6{#*9KCpvEf2P7zVG*6;K%G!DkE1DxuHh&Tt%L8pj~Ru&MUaN30Jn0SWwG$SoRSIgcK)rP6anRHw?<9U!j zx8NPg*M&%TZ?QN8aO8!*#|g5><|=^#sY#MdAE5X|d8-ef1={0N70mdAMpxa>6;A$Y zT5%$0Ka%<20JfC!R@aUoJ8q|u3F6HAy(?P6SjD^isJu59%ODn@ol_2T-(Gh!rlq&_ zeEWUjVj(u9$0wShZkNaz{Sb4dTvHHd+3s${4}xY}Pxc!gjrUQkL*95zh+R`&F9uj6iithro|Zr(Su z4%+B1O}xPe_1jRcK9!G2yKMD17xZE+K_Ao?pyY@d;xzZey$$d7g@rCL-Dl;V1 z?xfeut9Z*R3nROG@M``KyJ#Rb2f@6UbXBYi;53AF?ydd`ck{-fZBtUBTWO8)iyh_<=m z+nzo;_b^jTj^rI&EybV*?NQXwey?`hVeXrA+lTT%J$Wn4j3WwUb!y~11y!Ir?Je6L z<@UDQQ;-slkW_}>{gI*7FMv;sqwUB91a`1&jHIlb^qr}pC;%{{E>Ux1;2@x{D{PXP za+6h=PfLYWRKfOYQ8DVU8>Sz6Gx`TP(btAoRzsXpR`y>-D`?7Y&z%(=PcMc9{5>O-0Ya zw^YH8B>N`4RJAWA6wxLVn!d9b%`w14`oNfjCo-S;$qdH)MwOIca} z;TIN`I||1_ZqM0RB~8QGP1ZzeYK#}BerLPv1)%>|fB2OTm9<>MyaI$9{_yKLh2hfW zrYCHFS3s9kIPciszw#p+%THNeg+s8Kb3eZsvcX{Qu?SnvD(khM`}rl7Y7A)+nEnlL zo?BrD16~5Zu*&=Ay`Qqekq$4sM9M;bzW3886#vVQulV#mj%03)QO^C$@_)Z_zOHIT z782|!+<6ig9u^uaV@#3S@)@WiijJDJ_WWC!helsD$AhZg#F` z@9k9&3SErJYp;U~_1t7iyc6?{_<@qOEi^{O>pe|8{?4M%s27W*G`;#fCt!*~(Zg;T zernoX0&6~FzCah$jh(5&#xQU_)Rgw}Zxnk1nH-|&KlED*#*4e8U03QcDkk)&vD0P+ z$^rhg=WH>6_~|#i^+D0!&L(aI!o9t8A}sayw-8H})b5p{I@!~f&%W9lnvXK4>_vQ5 z4UhXtwSlg~xuaHSAO{6%(^w5N@sjF~d_Alic&BfCu?@_s7a=J@5Sld!nN2z9uPgM-Z!vU07= z*=cQxPF&67^0E~c@&*>{t3BKEZ#>ZYWd^cGNK3o11`+jGYzmWUJoVab&iX~bf>IW)v4eu$9*gu#bm zUe1-&DYdcs36@!5zoiH|u*cBy96xUia8r>UpAV-%0C^ls*H*2!c1>H7cwV!%`uvEa zi&UIUsR#0@k6Ck^=dAeCG-67M8V|1;n8zo3scLF~E&T}(wp>mhCdhaw(zx8(LA=Md z>b)xs+@3)SZHqPI;|!w7jholFxcUg3ZSc5MVKIxMItX#Bwst%~^`th;N61oN)pg7! zK_P4i0Rxjb%{aoO^%U0WG6jO1KFu2wnzwDBN%xt-8tZ!RI$N;$*E7KWtEnwQ(FGwX z9aO6upT*~`xuGIbo|L_AsEtDXs6cKO0lXiJL$5(_NZn(#gCq-o2K`jSE4 zReMV-(!@PGraQZ@Ey2pT6e^-pT9-xH`@B_ERxq^dJQ(KD+zswD(OtD!+FaKR3Fy=^ z!!EVD{A4?ii+7UH-`8vUs?^|l(%{T+;BhwBk>9FGNQ!r+GUA}~NC7K}s{s!KO9%YB z>uqoEwUFvtwmyB^N(``gP)fiQtZWh`8IyGCGwTG6_z=mK>^qO52+`Svn0XbyufFR> zIX7{iShep?a`N~MO36G~vdC)}6U?!0PH?Fkgr-|DtnZ=Ae4zNhs5zNR%v{$?s4bBn zSAb$!cplfXR#q!^Xjus_@8i1h43&}+LM9XT&`tFX&q>7mu1$2uqazGhgCJeo=z~DD z+cyhy)Gu!_#GP!#yB->VN(~vn9##i)^P^dg^i2_*8_GZEywy8ZBA zK`#q6f><+nAlAU7JYYXN_fH1?44=RsLToZrL^|ZuujHHRWGEoy{X1koN9DQ%7-;tr zw3F3x#AJAdyWw1IR|UNqi+2W3niZg7-@;=S)IQr}sw49*W^ zo+Z6s!<9@GEb(YIDlG3ZRnNTRRr;e%M5Kf@qE2dtM^hpd{5C;yB}JR*R4Xy{+y1E) z6py2@yyu&@9jrq!7kQN2joedAqY`ACP&xAh=hIXXDo=1r-8bd7?=;u%Fp=Zytou#84LT+WfLNUycvNG zNPfF4%yqx9HRF!Yxe3-vY68%Xi;ue6iubv=oY}{uDH}>R_;Cj4`yK=_E=iXUsVg=e z5@#}SBJ_P-Jhh31)72>?{d=G|cEe#Qa6lrKHLOQ>*Sa{bzuRDZcp`&R{ zdnP|Ogi4SJ-&v%w9El1wHIZ31Iq+_0gTO6x+PA6efp#3~Ylkj#w|*?iPf9VqCRv7X z^4~H*m?tKC9R%cfv3C~y(Go1^lgSPEZ&Wc_1J63FysL3PZ8?Qj8~5L^5)kTZgx*}< z?}SE~eaulFFqTdwwL#V6ByI-A(|s^kOCF($GnVk_;;IH}`%3nkG*wkC|CBzwQhkLI zMWEuhuW5FPnw3ZO)6^U0$?jsr)<@dKVWrS6=dZ~h#%e2YNrTceQdfJvm4EIII#g~W zt$~A*P5R<%SIstE`8L-R6zUBq&Z7z4O5KQJv&fr^**pzf1Jz=VdFiT$Pm_wg(olK@ zsfCS6whlaL$fP9awYqks_^Aaf#oQf7S-;%4d!c~>B|FZIc~{4$Qe^Z8Jl2+dnXO`m z+b-S)UHGRyQyd?lUuCu`-s*wgRjqBIwB*s=)tl=!pwWHwurXF?>Y9MkIOYTT=W#K7 zD608Kwxt8y!&O1alanO}kwQC-`P_M`aTZ6My!z2a%laJUv0Q#DtkwgQ&bi2c-Rs;8ky7 zF;Q+6mCfq+q;KnJ2<{ej76C*S#l7yL7a#-EauUq8-LSR0KK2x9C1F?O5HY#S!ikBT{EH#sXHFy8h77}+s%d%GYJ?k~n3v*Qa4g?AiZL_o?i+M)5GP35;`&PC z?il?!wc_Mw0*{!}xBc_zyHU-m>Z>e6+}G(|8GfBxH* z1*;P6YFS!!i0+lTQ*uFHTHA;LkO!&nF5a>u%rk2uebXlfXNQq;^)Ito2`O4T5ueyq ziX57~?=iJ4vv~R*+8PW)CLj|4UI68V4^((IsPz*2T{z*Wz&8mAsKDNx=B8UZ!(*y=5CS-5cWW>beJ}KKtzg@WrF|Gonog}8xu|;T7MDVLI zj@vb+i|JK@@vBXf+rcMhHbd^2x%snWu;K=5X8>(n=D8~&j*-x01H$AY^d!&R6rVjK z(jU#I`!WG{UikI^N1{^R#a-A&ZcsVA=0L;te%=$eRs2&&tEq8-+M1&z4N^(fjfEs3 zC#T|Mr+=rsM)Jb;yP<2@I%Cz19QdnNsS&&XtF_63K>XW}`(N9>C*N7P6h%5`MJrwp zw+p$=Dj!6c@kd?rH8}7?N7hujD;6wg_HKo_nh2zvJ~|K0S`o*8+6xklHS#Qn)yz^3 zLC3lOrk$fA71Zy>r*&0rwbdk+_4pclLYYTDh&!DRLP6WeO0e)a1M0MKON{^TzbP;e zz12mhMC0bv)lQ^F96J_NPReQ16iqJxK-U9O4`|uE|0_N-6U-rfTsuP2EQ35B_%^QK zzKwdA+k9Ji*z4f=g-XS_O!Lo24J**lz~)n4`=N(Oix>OUW@w#_GC{x8?}u@YrxAs- zz9Lswh=!galJu;QY)eE?0DUZmPoX6*mu+dU;+L_D=wJP*H)E~pVnl%0M5{QMVHQ5J=tgAP@mL59j#dVdDy(~c!Z#ZtXKAw zOlCWb8%As1|H=A1IrB!YqdSnHW`D6*NcLsANzOH=3uTG4nmlmMA3onyShGxmsB-6XPd%d)swQKkY6Z`??0fIAGqOj-WQ3x(+bu76}@)FZWyOv zd*5I#&WY4Pd5>9YF7n%92mA)raB3^qq zKUrP`u(14! z@nP+NUb-d=aPEA<6};`$vj4nctFp=`872RLEh$>zAH)kA_hM0Gyo?s7aT!JC9O1zPYJ2R92aDt*o8{PoQ%yx^`21hz+byk( zJxCw&FYoF2{kF#<=)&Fqw_h=N5Hm6uGvjE0zca)twdG~wC;x|H#oT7a)=Bpr8L5hJ zu21Wl(CCCDwFQ3x)bg)3-Vqb5rXN2i zsyml<@fQ?b-A$IO^@u+@) zl1@;Kl?$rv3V7;UWJWIwrE~5DBE@QmXMIpBr>8OlKEg4){8rP0I3`e5N?@UM%)O}6 z7{C-O9=57M=lBxaKBHDcoa}0b5Kup*KX~(o9%vOTH@yo!T4@E74l*S_wHMPSEKQ^8 zG~E7lGrUpH5q1tsXc@=`Y@-*@FY9)UbvIt=TS% z0_@HUD*wP`aA10wCSKpI?~V;G{&F5XDV0dd7k;wVIuCbPk%P`{Zr* z-LE0;wET>7SKJ5L{_B`QLFDDVe}AR1u>1(Hn80Sh)mHbcyNCR_f)@5ocw+XHteTRS z-8WeUzq>;AnT;6WkuPqBv?h>AT&C^ero#_IWGY5CcPINNYOfXE1as{qk5Su_HfoM+Xaw24-Oa+#HLdq7 zaQOc@uz&8k{7-kIpRYxFHRcl0rFw5z)OGFCM!(etg%F$d!`I z36hCPkYulDoF2;4o8tJEXgpTBYd%q{l6GG?b{ znOicmxQ>CX^?aQ}#GCQmK^W!urWQu(jf7YJEX!;jCsi!1U(yy_nq2qutZHxn2y^DD-Iw>UKtw|Gx(;tl*oC1b$JQg? z`KyV$AE~QKRUn1Js`5FmK#G{U5j0MX&m}n;cGBd!CTjzOpi!ce;l!wpU7)74bdZBS z?}BqqbqgfSESI$MK?zTuua=zMz!lj;ZyJz&o|22RYS(_q=b_h`4kC8mY1^rc%K^rrH#~Xe?I94a zrwH;J@h$jr_VOstZ7pxKy%$WW1O|jl)WN}sgT_J^!rBge^Jp3Wwfj3u(&ZwRW16qv zIr0$7Y%#uiH7?z893zIyj#t%iH9C9E7JuQ2rR0LQ!C-()%=HW}#J;n%9&dJ4Sq>+W zSK8#TDl|0F?G9-zRiaE(!9hamTM>`y+S*`_jB;Gh{5+N4Ce`DU?VPHnKyvb6Ny{vu z+-Q^_k-CXTX2SHnC1E5Z2ogc-TYfaj*fiX&h; zboc2SNG-S+cb`yJRlE}Q1){CBwvkTu@pzWkd zE$*~7Hn8RM+1-;q4vwa^5g`BY>7mCMhx=jUynWV9v_izDXAx&WP%ddzdPdL zfdI^}mbqxNz(hSlw-awx+%9YG?^BE=z>4Rj@D~(Q6lkp1+ zmt1w4!lX$fcI5|UX)i|V0IA8*>P3($e*|Agi-CcXF%{!?Z}+z6l1*78x(z8ZDk!7=rp(gHQRC5+ z$70@$$+30CCpeWsk2LK+NLjfcy$@LJ9|zE$Qypscdj|%5#^-QiE-h;Xw}eC@Lw>oG zGyWeB;Xm*FuNi{{2UjgLqkWD%y`)jqT=}~cW1a^&$%l@4 z5RdJ!q6|cP0()!#l>2Ee^0$^Dlc-Oh!l=St7HzU0OryM{W0t6otSA}|e8%;Ma)~r3 z!m6w5q?!KNCFFjCpp#mQZj+!^hW)}N&9A7q{F#N2OwmaWH4*&s-E{S%hm5NHD}>-YQFznA4M>9lKFwe38BpA;Qh zH&lB`Yx7ONsad8shGZR#SzYkgxa}q(IwvGwFbu_)T9VB>ogJ*MiAz3jkMOpb-bJK) zCr5mB%34V7N!ktg@xgjffZ?*)nf;=nvA_JYBYZpo>*STZJ)ewvkIK$0?Xm85adL>V zVlQ;t?D#e}lINbC&`F=JVtUO6JXCuas4N&0ap%(|j&xZxQ)OkN7;g1Y?W6X(hL(xj z)$Jnj?#`hW8|}}7#w&K7yv&yT_NJb!c!iWzDBiu`b#y`wu#pP)Bi=g{kWd3%NBN}1v7?unenz5 z%6hBMmF{bJv1i6#%dT*b>{%d!(WTA3-xY;gqpadmqUawN({Q1?P|_kS#GT?M%VX`o z=VECX7gcF$3RNGR%fnoYD_)lMsc?2sb{Qn7S9}fkiv|Phi3iV)@=#XJ-reo)1DGrZ zz;vaot?%b3pYI-cUp$~S>e<4IB~R4q?7`~iDt(=^PXjaI*-!j7H|E2YD}d<+N>xMu79CSoEI-fQw^KAD1%@y`Nob(kcw+h7?f zv*@sf624$_=;f=;C_h41%m+Mf05aUz(d+z->=^QHVH%> zNABLvFs-81HB#8a6CGIBKvedAeGfvd36Q~9v;>8Z8Cux~k4CurR;&?1@wT31NwTUWmd_4oW!JBgv+S;WrfwF`Zx4z>4X_uRj;fLQ;j@7_{q}Qz1*TOH+MKO zt(iUI()rGb^z@Y7ttU8$fd%BlEjLEw#!2Q=r94eTQEP(^S`*hKPalz|;v$UAP~B<NrXA#%SJrTFms+0vWrb<|gi`ER2sq5@NJ???DLL9u6l+(F2;)=va z80AhJf&(KiA9tmpH0~W+3*MHlM}D>xU|Ggtxyw|cr2}Ez@>!*n545tOIr$fs1{%2_ zt`4%N^V-`4mBORt9q!k1i}I&>8g^yk*b-abBUN>_mB|{Z&1Q#e7qhe)D^bk7tSqDs zZ7@UA1gR^N3BG@Cy(=%%=VN0)b2qf3m=kLGuypJpsX`#Y5*m2}zLDZnoB!@(W=|bn zEjo(7M~vH&=vRcRvez`C*g`2CqlHCRDx5?{1|1m8@yKg+PXeAjU;3d8lqe{ z9W7lo0?frRmzRp;#$AdXb0;H?R#UkIQbah18G^{sxL5y#F}Papjab=;GMn3yG!Iej zSJMgYOSDZZOC(PmWwIZ*7lnOIQ4ai@cTg~2ANy^g=h2sjX0>#V z7f+weOt6`yiU=vgQkFo9ORL-*nOcM%bDV;srbb_#GE*Y*EhrEb=2jxs3D9?Qp4hCX zBoC_vk!$G8^@gF#E1+6q($`eS4?}DEsIv_6TZlav%Jgk{o8x1@*SNFTBYTBiidWOn zxT!D0Ti>Y!FAWB1%iEKVZ+L_ozo(Bg4CCcQEaq^@TU6(yG96WPbO}K?$qp{HHMj6> zC$!82W4~r>u#D3{nedRU>}sn_mhF?bRveTevKL(@+Tdt_YZ8wtJ!aMAttc|LN9lCv zi}zR-=2iB(6cg{DDl6Bz;p5oEwH6Ug`|{F<)O15K`sX4$KFUB~cT(%J&{ca}w3 zH~1+#A(+#GuxD;@hr7r4-f&LQJN>kMAd_kLnh@#@oPn51xOW6dL)Z2)4<}vw6|Lyv z*2 zp@pTZsI^@JLOZKcr|PYTs9zsKC@l_bApw4WUqc2P)-H!T*cS|jvWVj70)`&ZHWt57 zl*^EKvW%5Q_#%vV)`x27RU0jq=Af^`6=BUH97Km7?T%~(Imu#LPXb&lC3FQsfmd4; z{W%7;$6D&qMMqQ>-NU}kGZD?AVxXg02lmA+1DLcejPrsD^!5(gFGQ!%ojF3?(&z~7 zi-(sC%ZNsg9))Rh!OO^Pa=q2(Z*p{yqyua-zM@7`7Hge;a)r*i7gC*;V`MubKef=?`{4JW-a!MMW)tiyuF zoRBy6tT$yg*H84W(Vfjd5BaTobN00IRKJ=fasnieTLS?f zL|T4I(yl;;GN}ax0r|a-PeJV8t>(3sqaRR0;+KX^1nKGI8)^YTf|`#WKT!4X{0wGq zFz`h+`%@cwD(m0$5@tfk((the;Z%mIxPF-I;+cK(Vl^XpKdQYv0m~DhXR{K?Mztr^ zAOgUluzVr|Od&~|!mPFM`H{;unAdF@8XDmv0H&d0dF3Ew1DK#jx_5cwgN|hvSY<>* zWqg;2zwI5XWjD!4+&^02Lu(w-hqeICiCUP{zcr%Z2+yF=2vM{uw21hgH{K-Or;76| z+x%LUkT&E~7A>JhC+&Qt&gEt`xBR729;(qK;ruA67Lh48$}HGc4bTg~=yW>)l&yQ! z3ugnL5O$Ym0fP; z8@bguQ)tozE=pI3qwDt$2dgft1U|7As(?n9(up-Z;SE!CWS!4FE;7Mo1`LcDt;OoS9&z>D7svuc-*4!DFJa_8`Q)GZ!4GaM;Z_SvET zVdje1&5gzP#6(PhxA7CKFI2GaTCNG3^$3?^hpmgJpILZ^k(!_u$U?acCkZ-^Nx5mm z9o8?>6kt?UaM`g{qK!xbv#q7ZX&auH_UHL+x%RafvZrnmoqtR}?>#Jz1jOo$N>xAQNDrb+6wWc_s zKn%G`k}b?UFKoUx1gP|=N=N{MWQ#M_-bDJ;W+r$}$Zrl!7b4!BF5xZo+9PAP``z|` zet%OM7n#z|kPk*1*DtGN_-=Eo8_q7#Fz!X!?c3uW&T;~Z%%S{RzHix8_){?(AW17@ zx_;d)t}iWc5V|`#MpV>qI3?v)tF*Xjiw4qlW0&(AEHCS*dyNgtrqXk>a)7`m`oa1o zt=&xj!LuB%;W7zR)7%O5=JwW033)Nsp7-K1I^>2qzt(IkuBE2Ocw96BDAB+Ee0BVc zl~vxlh+%guCbXubqiTJ^(Ia#xIHPZ8bLiy$vT<0inyv7ASSfwG*mvkpxb5sXW_+@|4KJh+G{kZ0&b7|)92!@ajLyN&2 z(y^$h7zu#oz##nx85!+mZC`d+R7rmyxH}c*_9B{s==LLju8fSaubcJe5(a1n|?C zbv*l~u1RgC#Ei^mAffV8cbfnBE>_Mq&E}+wi^aL^l|8yM$bVW-?#btPn>tA;>$=@= zT`?f57sGfYd|uKY7u#vV@G?{OYFOgMz$sUwEsT^oRlty5@tuV=_-&q{CBLFE z(Pa5H!?8t(wH=t5!!8;qSt%mc+tZGBgEN?F(Y*isCdm zpP4RVd6>5f#9+;JNcbV0{qJwXy;}J?$qiqQKufT}K)zp`KV?NErGzx4m3?Pfdp*n=X$!7KN;Ch;QKk<%J-JUJA(Iom& zWYU~ee*)a6=S7t@7HW%(X#%Jka+=z%x)2~TS~4G%&snx~??a9I%B&Z(y>Hs`bzJBN zjtZQO7)k4T)p=3=ffJyPgpNO3V2_NSL8u%O`70<2yA?Vj4SQNq^}u^ADj2GYglyvi zd*t-{$kR)L?O&LgOLm495dO)#LoQeW)T1_?MV^$OaD6jNU7vBW^yO*+nY)y+iwUDn z&Ju6DP{((ZQ;!uRM1Rota_E#SFm@+Z@@uiLBfE*J3KsbfBm?f#HhnO?Z5 zi$<#6x3d`5(r_xCm>lAa#1Q21X?2Vh0sGE+v05#<{VT?U`GO^h4g=FJeO&3`^T~mk zt?i(rO*hmI^>7=$;z+fyeVO^7JP&iwQxWLkkga^d;q#b2kc{j!dvKX~Xx5pw)m(Du zR|*_oDz4G+g%R%WtLMKOhqWd+@E`3{0oLmYqGcn|yV*qNlKiep@a`6e|JztO=!7~@ zH2b+5Fa2)9mZI-(&-zz2|6RM%I#B3J##*h|lmq9Ba{|BoJ%WGqa3qQeqSER*>W*(0 zrf(?1<_~)0JlhkP5J+u`m-y0ZdJy0Ar|aeJ9cEFLsn3Ru^%a`u%Y!GSt<64LwOe0a z_o}VM%=~=+Tz*s^oc0y{yw>~8xI((_=t+y{0n7D(DPswBH{PLDgnPuM-1&!LQ#{v8 z9M$LMjbWTwV`tuaE_G$kRD*Q&TSqSb?y<0?g7%j_DP2W68kQHH+->Z*bSI|M z4Bwu6u%}29Z@nTtt@H=Wx!E2mtomy58!OMk9o<|LW|Db(X1% zmt7sLMJ_|H=oD<5%J$9lSdS&NkY1iDCw$P(!+{?dmsvFy-QaGI8J|**` zjk&)SmCrpn2eHDVhy6X21rUzv4SYj%r68y8Sbr&vD4C{u1F1LzmPaXX>)^PijBa0` zD)guhFbMoX>7-XO@p!=%C7K5!c7056_~eGC!xJXY6M{ee9+uK)GUG1OzWzfm@4?}L zwMF+yXugYSh=Kcw#BtZrxb`k!}DuqC1{@;JNF}tk+2> z4jJ2u!{jv}hN!gm6P(%hIkD_;7~~l_V!>22NoL$1sD)jftlB^0*b`7)9MeooFg>B} z9;kRE9)oFTHX%*FoLdO|-~XxmR#Xmv z*LutP@`JE<)_V5d&$I9S?0w(&bzK8rGq{BwI!g>E4$=d{%;)@fl%xyu7ut~R6(3zw ztVoE3U$>FFQc5*6a{9S6r6KJem&hJCFXBbxl3cR&vj*qFnv_uo8L( z9;ulvr(%=5M)&EZE>0_pcsn0KQCx{*JpXnWCm;6Ic_$E9OdBj^3`Zq1%JE~}; zfIQ;GyC2HOUdjH~e=3qrDVj1E*QT#-qnpyNG>S^uIV2neifwzYwB6=UF0`pChQ_Q4 z4-{+oaVM%os*gc96x`q)=m=dEOEvzijC)~5?jvfOb;r<&0FEs5lKo_|i^U|5>Tq*v zeL=*Hu7z-z0{?C4yy+0fZ{+B+aFZQp=h=LAlgxd*=}x`ZLLF~TV?A`Ry>%^K+`T=} zpOk(wv02oznlC5e032h4eCuNuo#Nfc<2gs#@YqzPXZ3ksEG_U85?+;60h{hv&Z_+a zW9kxcu*(xMT$2#yP$k|c+9b}H2RNEX6uz>UgvK>zmSlC!lOPNG@uZC3e&G5~Z?dSO zt;^~hVc{(FHX4OgKM>a#7L@ZqVUDbP`PS+i))+U+`6ENA28R3LD+vCj9I(B;a4VuUQlE-HDdbDe zbP8UCntCT10to?5qO&ziUIJ{>&;x}znpI%ltU-!97vD9iBbn`^L)_#om}CFoEZd+Y z;3ut^h^8Ykzxym+R)?7aqb6P89tQ{KIgN2cx;7qHblU^!(osrG=T3Y=#H3*m%J_8KyETeGNuAFWM@a!GK%#&?TzhgX|28%Dqn>qxTZP zIGe(SBNlTuC-#cn9j_W*OSo34&Gbi(?tYoDAk`Zk?eGB$qGpwjv!#5gPlAcgsrANV z@us1s_BCHj)K8_2mlC6CXB+x)Y{41A$cpIJcE>jUX}WmESE_Em{hps-HEkiY)@mKi zW#i>+&>X0h$Kfzy2EwO*FPcu>hzDkxO=fX7uh8SU7##kM zxvkV5B|2VeuNMxv7qMK|nAW@KJ8y0-&YJPOdf#>T^PfzBra5G{lW(mM>*IptVk>&K zD`ZVn%9|o!3z^kaE}Gt-nK+d_%uDzfT|x}XfS>HV3dphsL;hV0@V)8nvHr=7t^-L8f zld+oXYqzXxZg~}4Lo2Au*t2pgo{q254b`{3#H%n8*M}4}LAo#LRVKIU+^FXnH#0M- zTPn6OulKHh&daPf(2Y6@=noijsmt88^9u+?Lv9Fg z*c%A6S6bnUw&YhCgid`6lgk8K0idR5oE3ijGaVDmbx}<5Z7*JokdsxJVVikx-2!%g zb0N?5djCMt0o?qIk?9Bt0H$|lEH9g79|t;sh8oPa+WOYdnj~aV*y|Ufp*PgeKR;CL zQ&2E8N*B0V9n|+YfP0odSwu_(>8i)Gl_525Xx+BZlDN>UrnZgjN6n-qR9_eyN91_s zZ1UVg{>k(@YOJa6+#Cor@yLTAGgDF_yqH%E$6NdkAN|FjOf9EFw$dtX>esYKMt+7N zM08tnlNcU{xv?-t*yA48*+yJ#$3n=KnsFx2-7*s^9h_}@xQOc07<0)0|LOa_eh!O^ z6U7`#OLLvxrWW%vYl@CfogGGQMz&C|H41ELW!f(_H(SPVnzLP5=JKqsT1q<;{>wuD4fYQdKxdWa9W8xiv2 zSH(B3sgBl^c*buNy84C}LiZPzh{=G8x;2&FL-d1&{ix6|gyv<>GRvKYDe)p%un5@+ z;8`D&{HsB8NHDxDt*Cs_kB#WD5u4i}X*`2baw|DU#B@-VqpF-#rRDqPk}?-}NgxsJ zF7kf2u^uA~C1`3AxMkX*=RS$}tw6)y_P3j#|I>B*AC>ppN(KWRv^hDqn-2)IqQxbb zKbhtYL$xc*;HUh5GMO~Os|-#NR1(i9rHw!)b8oADYMTFak#^;-yPjYpXm*IEd`;1c z;BJ7(!$aIHs_kn>pD_IkAM6j8e`5$wvlthSzpR!3Sw0OQ(u+doUTCf+7oN2^5W+XS zr))Ehr{#FP>hglD{$x7hCm-goH#Ah4csTQC6z3^en^n5DRdfw24U2ed`R18^7-P`q zttD&A(zm>mqc+9&L?Q3gH|+fLuZmMKYv1>5 zoD{zCZ5sX6j3LzdCOM!*)>dfP>AHA9L`Z`naY?gd5~Mo~UP{|m)KD61d2o^(=UHJj zUlzX*55c|}*XDm6_kkvv=+<2&A6)#$oUBmwbJ=5#8BeutGoua)YT2u`IFc0 z2GbuJtWLW8I!-Vi`;PQ)XcVcoInhDol(*%_%$0H#0>W|(kOV7K<+H)ZddT9G&R)!v zSgo>anBnbWXh=;;PrdY@@W3%qQ`eSL-BlBAv)bDSd!s(qB5O98yfZaVF4p@}f(wyZ zl$Nx}Ht898Dm*|*Ai1RpvP-VZNGFJgI?nE+l-x+Rvu{)iKwNAX@kWTWz=QGB^{OQA z>;hmR;bBDZbCwsGYf8uY%D`Vox{;OhX3d9_=W=ZQtdD2uLv2Z*rk4XPb-g5;sx2tv3A*p+{#795DhD;9b^f% zwAa7o)%tILskgIjG)Nd&wrZD|VOPWowH(8!1blIve=3@`=VcmDp-1i^oNI zhsI`hBnAESSuL@8Bx)hq)bvDK+88;_#n-Jjexsd1lv*4OQ}!je@OdanU%MRSZ|MtX z9l$-hq3aojo+&;~8Tq@q*z zqAw$c{L7`=7XL|0|Ffz~*6({QCW2<>9$;0sKOy&flxdp-g+mS_^50{T0JoglVzMLJ zeInjana9D-3=|eenmsjSwsZ0ZVIsgO+r0oM+6x3{f}+P%=@Q=B;W8s`7Psl5am9q0kNuC{-q05aj*cu( zGg3GMz}6Na>x7rEJlF|xAlmGDAxw)UB>W(2Y8_`cvwY5iOG9tIwM>H*CoElXQg7K7 zD7k-|-XFfv>oBx<+-7XznRF?2*cIsT zSlioa_V9c$s{M>eO?)j+7DF*Z+HJ{SoFcuu@}d{TVt(8%4t0Ts*5iB|NL`DBzHe1Q zh9(&=&LE8ZFov^G5ijM46O&I(637@wCJ2{7RT@}>Ui!y1a>qU1p=|`uL2gsl=>iqx z-_w|dq+18}ii70j3{_3cNRIcx1JW3`J4kq-Q7gHu(=CQ%rMU|rg15Qdly_`u-W z?V3N%n^xEj@~Y%$mkY9J;oL|t8uRfV3enA5Yi)TIXRc+bl56Ea;v-PXl=-csfP&>` zI*6{tb1I9^FL=QOuq@G?pD;7~lxK(K|+RLAnG^SR+86zDkp3@|fond)#a)*v{3v@yy2 zHzutw|6*f5rj3P$fp03E;Bi%{J6op%**aR1#w)4Byrs)f{=s2EJ*&#_%r<-q5X$#+ z?vPcuJF;DFa`P|{;@gzc)fMCFDu^z`=Dy^B7op?E#kh-}F#Y)3zqIi`F7is`pqhsc zHRX?fQ5m8x#X@IOZ5-iXf1rxJ&?G>zaMQCP``B}L{d}j6i6iV^Zysyw z7MSq8Pjgi{l65NrQE=&AZ-=>h!S=h;mPBTAKRnf~Gr7-N=k(O_TaPFMzcHfu3f?rf zQ>C5E4u>A8bRS0YK*=>VmETk>odTcY`-HoL8ce8Rao25axq0f&hU+&TYYYo{=Aze= zlP2~9k0ih1Lkm6*gmo)@IBhdK4NE&0%PSm8K}6vh@EvTM3^TOi^BE?{O2s!;gE{y_ zUFL7;MzHw2>wscT;G*S{MT?`(+oWc1Tk@2zXAo&Mcs-5 zx~Z0BMhU>Rc-E4%*p*A~FAz+UsJp^+u8Z2TaNn9xUNha^?oN%-Fa|iz4${z?uz{@I z!l5_f=ltj{MQfBzale3!Mg+}|7Sh)r`aUN?ZhUk!5KXXLpL#)So^B^JO-5{qy1FfV zC`j%RpZi`*h2DrN)Q}dbH(jYLt#gCMPk`erLC>M4mOn`wJmoK6=U2Qf$?tKtjz z#nM}(o90qH-1N+=q8&KGfn$9`i?je|U}8j@4ZP2kUw|*%13B*_RVZ>3hIGf(v)6Qs zcwwM#e2FWda#w~-ly>xP#(4Q;t|G8<+cycrjL>T5DjX=EuEd=4)Ic5~7p(r>CxENN9F=uq1Pj;GMithsmQx$~3*YKGHG8*-J&;zw zU@s^h{Y`%|nJ-g~;M5Tj&%o-DXe?%JbS;tdSY`d=JAF?E=u#O{$bI6ENHNyy7NC>z62L~&r-)qqV1_l)e$xx$^Z@bQiek-2uX`gvB>7o;X3WS9olTwU zatsk;4S}IPxiLHG#!2suw=jRpG8O9@#_Y9k9nA59rvW+4iWthZpTAM1Y9$ukks--H=2k^I8>EGo zBD~@uch&+z7wVgX6CaQw)+9Z>j7;>v6v2SJhQJ4Oph*hcNzN+G@_uJPK|VGouMN!i zIyt4D_fF#tL02=lqMoM}Y$S|_PYCuzVZ(-3*}ZM~fl=dvPNYa6;|WI9bdbCcT8CzN z!O&@FSd=p73W&F=vTh@`YdL_MH@S)E8;u1e+OFXBSakiYU{i;=HiBlgjbfJo3w=Fl zZeg#Mt&gG4bUPL~vly@yznoIEQf^{KpQ|u>A+b&@<$zbWrwk;ZGIc#uiWayP;$ex=MZZtGS1&?laQIZuue8$xBx&c zTeAK5q-U*OcNa}E0`aS8NQ3#ZaQn{>j_z})jJqwq!h}{UJguHJEy~1_l?U3`5~d4& zY+6_pcjrm-&(Vbd!%F-oCbj`K30X5KFqg;G<~{0STgG?CGM0bB`zdDcR7x91-?y=2 zwbmt(F`%6S05w!oz*)^hg7naMcUo>Ja2?gw=`aeP5j(yLQEW03_DoDQ@wEym)?M3N zRBWQ1c>%H$lO65kPC{$yO!Ov{^0~MVqW~&ld9@iYz&MY2xA2?@{vCSuairF?{;cR( zhG@}I3-V3I?+6Buf%y1Reu+pNbsjafF6SQjOS^>MY%>=TB3WiYo82^){A#Q%c`>c79TQOn*m1u_)2|HrA` zy}|=c3{nd2QLxOA3)T#87*|z1Qrv3vY5^7V9+D8kv?i)N+1>9{Io^R;KsV2=5^~=j zz9GZG5FMYIl^(|&j-q#dW3v13@6G)0YW{n9K8_mi-!bW2{_UUI_~GeVTqLJ7*uy&h zoQjudiv*fqgp{41a8A#t1#|gr|1sOXfAHkQZ(AnGXd7jyPChRSwIz`)P<6S6(2019!TEv6;YQT>dcUfF-!frLmyE*K zx{=)^=xw9RVxoDvkOu6d7WVMStDW%>SkPq$$IoUs%f^L%P3|OrVBb2og?cSu+qum( zdzJaFD*>6a&O`Rb@n$beXBJdeqKyp_+y#oc{I$+=uB3cY?l0>4QZumnrWGLuJCbimoOacnsp?3iPv* z;Ph^+c*#WQSoq{4AYxCd9eQ=rcseXK-_*MZ5?iH+l^rSexgDGue81A5%@>>I6f|S% zyTsW#FNq>50jD{qeL5!Y|mPw0|@mHeI|pAx9^CQsCo^XBs`a*`7?upw%;cEuKw>Bj2rXDp#Q&%1Y zaVC4$v`(3sR|N@|I%XzW1-gcVUfv4%PI)eAneqmXS9TJZ#g=_xdYQzl;z!LYK0EGy zW_V@-4ibprGq2+j z`GuS3%fDUdZxt{5hPu0wHsbHIzur8J%f*6Y*@$NNA!R;$7u{FnNZFFXkbP8*4 zuagsh=kd`%z#dfW-fr|-vWrR6-P!Mfg_Q9CMz#XhQjoLy-Q9AHS+F&X<`QN)Bk?{n zxl$8aeWd-P%s3XaIqEwe*4}#>r+hC@s;-qjBVxYr;Ufpw3L;Au{Ot5r2OgZ99iL`h z&pScBy6+cnz|RJjz%7`FZDN%9$>^;pKgBtn?K+O>ASzXOtrRVUiKt$gM5Oen2s>)! z?9hs1c*dKz_rmBXhPZlv>zSAxN5=|KHZM}3##mZrw-!|t??}v+CL8Nup|1UQJ~gVQ z8x{dtZgQI6$c;FI>J&V<4?5^TmG|cm328Y@A{7w zz>P>hNae={*zp3zlumVqWsF;jIC|!cW}cE>E89xn?_?GAbAsQp&BW`1W{~$T>-k(7 zEcwVT5@2M|?)T_(T_{S1Wm)s6+?p4q8u%zFIIb5XYZjJ~7N(^dmKQ4lPmB`rvQ^WU zGY}~Df4#c(F8PMwTfYaBV8_n>GV6jQ|0w5L;2Xa!8Abh@99oLOS`~U#rY%F>$3oZs zWP;yrB~hjQyfchCyO0ysJR<|W1jl=adKG%H-3qkO&*z%9VW@jCv}nf3!NU}4z@XNz zEKaA;L<%&)J*MOPc?Tna&_8Nk>>T2Kl1%SaZ+d|=&W8?jCM=~YlbdN1L?bglqrC5F z$hqCeNzVoo*b6h1RL~lT>WD{~1>M5GYTT1t=gM2CLuJS=YME+5x2JPbSsC zWA31z-Xm5~p?6;(@xACtRDS0b@UdbOy$&fq;NE5}wn_$EQg)SqYWTrMmqx#yAT;XK zN<+DTMkG*oh5LSM-jlkGMZgJMskBVhm;B%}L*`8DX5()2O?|XOS+{^`oGf2qkme{@3VwX!j!`Cy?Yz+nK(PmW+JZsj}sZ!FX!QG~*9Uo~2>lVSu_VP03 z@Y4GyM;9#f(kIu1;({;?SyrA(jZ@=qhfW{X9l3 zfxAF3ORb`=J(H~get~LloeuPw?AUKaG|sLwcA-p6FZ?a!DAUc{1|}eD*{w){LattL z{i>Hj0`z1IPP+Y0ob7eZNs;B>V0>$gbKA&ca;Fj?i{2jnz<5) z$ehKQ#T}za6#2Re-0Q^3cy#sfBBvzoy5a5r!oUG1;Ut#-r%GW3%yMBb zNR4=gnXR-P3Qt+j8Onr=P-<;AZ8Kdb=3*!8di%_bn8lLE{YiQ*eBDA*DWm+cWl{bnSfi?k3j@qJ`B z5EJ17*pMHb3ey%29zl-CG`buE7*S{yrXS!R{@?EXufKn&?zLW=hqy%Z7SJk3iLRO? zwaEccEtgs`8r;*bdI;p(l=d+_w(*3>`q2xgf|Gb{UDn%F@%M1BNL`oNTBiSe`|)F1 z_HtwnR4=xK#;0{^8nx!U918tV3I^N62Qu=`uAlWZ{?Lj1USF5FzPzicx3fOC?NVuu zF)j@EaBi&tA*22XcUmUT!X)~$3zHcEk$hUsy z4(@T%lcH17nC1C7P06{j*#?JT&u=V5;>dWpswAoT2ajL{79jbnbHor6Q3-}wbuvlX)^ z@?zWqkDKIIe-Z{HH8b)bCM@6UuxhR)$#Gbi^o^P{WC3m1%_`kdF+%)3PMa}x-3d~~ zb?TSpLE3zA5vmBU8!TCVHa`w`1v@^!tsf;)G8UxkAL}r3ux1bE83zBJ5mo_})R7Mq zTdr=0gYMNmcI-^0EaP4xT_mOHPUflpM&1h>9&<|>X^RTEA8kq>SS&w=yL8UlGGZfu zOj9bp!eN)~nQybd;9wr!L_lV3mBiQ$gq|C)2m?-&pdPkP&MNsv>;-1FG9U(rm- zPb71IecrnV@MZRwRI#K*Ur64C{_^iZj@{h32*1Z$ZaAOT{xql1q1EswmTYT%CY zdz-TRwna%^W~RRMbnlErOEJD*yPug-*JfSuX|L(n$noONX=x<#%oHWWc!@8q*lfQd>)@^E-xY;+cU?R z=U{d>0@if2Ho$9U$s7FRflXCRpv7VldTRslmgC7nJtaBPT;j9O;WNw<6&3_rJ>t0{ zkvZ8jeBvcPGRc01sZM&=9{l;Q1BN+!W@pVhp_RPied=!S0dCu&5+5XLTNf z`9zOHt<(BiB@P^)nRfCBwB6k>{zjtkH2ENgLv_Y4L|H{&9Jzm-zGG9yeT3v!-hGlE zU^vlYPt{k_!7)TSV*<0%Jql)j7L=aa&%D6rV-b$O_Qk4pQ|18rq6H_Lx*&~4Q1OPY zwtC9%*_^GdDzFT8M;Bo{L&(?`@$DMN6AHbGtC0VOjkGAnc*dz7CCUW_YJ<}VVn>YQQ)QlzX0%o04Vj@eT-Z65LAt#m7VegiM!GETs!1_%`4im<#F06-g;~# zWEv%DzfFLii?=US?=_tW&ephrW-+VxBz2F%#3am6J#^$2OfQy9RO|e9sQ^E}-PO28-!yd~ zepRcSSxBJUenf_uWwlnaYXdqD>Fk09F85-ya_hJ}&UROZf;Dy;vDAF_lA+J~V3k$x z%m~|C$W7G57E0H57i2PtAAY?kCAj=LsN%>S&2Y%@jVW%}!c8~yusA6B2lD)r$TA`$ zj$BC~K;znuw3x#$G~s-OT=k7;wzEi=aY|(#PZ(CN&cIm_$)LKUSSsI_@7kpiU9@hmkwjMZiLpS^CL@w#x~%?!s8frJ=003WE#@>ksc&BuT1A|XT7^Gj4nH|!WLqVka;Ve9+s~l0%8$>T z3%R27F--mpr2XHj)E6zI=!?wzM?5`Kg4p zPRM=9ey70qf4IF^7Y^mI$Ckbg%nnp>QP}hK^OL9?2&t~nRGr$i+ILQDt8TDZ8?;f} z$}wzo(3QB`GiNpL@9+R!^7yF9!q|Pp;O%FH*x0SAV!gI zH{(h1Ti^UPD;(hKXUvD(h`2Ab3-C5!hvJNy`FQpJU-HtpKT02Pdwsk)h>5i z6yOdeDbX6X@@%Z)PAvzGB0fX2MI9@BKLV)}8#?RcNy-`M}WPdAxk>H+-Q7y*xlr{T$ig_(;_W}9xn-2r`M~(wp$V~<#zq&hm#7npXtCz z0w|&H#CpEhY5q8E8d>a|q6;YmgfrlwCpRB2U+qJ%KQ16mp;dVws*c1*-7HC)It4jf z+4uG$I4dA9Vxaa?+J+{8f3201U$3iyU2&q=8FTg|qD~I0$D#M8*C;-11SaA(XOgqH z=b~csKutQ}IB5Jxp*u7O0N)gUrjKcj^p5Yx$Qq?^kO7%u=$ug7(ijdfMVoWLR@o?T zJU7rC;R=NuI_^zKhurH-xR3S{albIZ?Fkk3m)ol}S-U00gJMd{uv#}8e9yt*@szM-(hC7vFD_;jWu{miq=)8HE!E9?H#ddCoi&|>Rbir{S~nZR6U?f8+j!B2y5Abu_)OY&w)8&Qc27-S zU=RXh%`z%`bD?P1-3+i-%(JSUk<}RqJX+H2>j6%DPc`0=`kQ;j2$hY{7_$?x znj!`=4xDX^p(`(!A|4e5TT+j!I}Pp!e*0EKgdaDAHhG%W(DEG7gfpuG|5D(Z7*EKy z$a6Mef9Y)Q*oSuBKbcUOsuPJ0oyU7MCC(q`TfS&Km67bG9ZOS6a}Bx4(HNr8u0n9X zn&8bjb~_tgf2+)O|*Z#Dek@ehtUKwCG<{Q}0R zcN$(D-(*VN(i+8 zc3Lqi5$f*Ee zcRp~YA_97ovhpj_&#eFDApXlA{@XmiSKnWL|LZ?r<`O8Qa)?qB8#zvz9Gh0bU-wDp zb4&wmvWTk6FxdRSb2fA5GX{A342I^cZO+-Pny@vqFfYT_syvqw$%=6MeWh!-00F+i zoYTS4kf$Mdhi=W)8%N&_Gf#+W!wvwv3E^JIS(!O^%K_s>rl(ZzKQy4fY!jvs{@dR% zUq4=B3MI2o!KZcqif|0S#$*zf%WTQ*S)ge+_-3JvwWoxch zj~ZK~T44BU1bB#jDo#@S?rwJcqw@7c7oF!VH69>2lA7Gq@l8Q$ybDAHcqT0`#YS1! zU7f7gAM)HaPunGRs3A{ywBEjIy{V8L=tST`h9Ra}2s<))b6SFej~o(oWo<8c!0!Gc zDu?@et9D1@H+~P;oyR{wQhIc^bU9|73(SmTUJ$5x?RTw{SMgdk%I6oUy`D1ym#Grr zXcw&;=^bxsKvc7yxt?>Ad^sSsp-mVy$?u-hu_zRCQ%x1eKd>(@H5vX(zy6>Dyj!|So#f7M4rF2pE&KT#htc}lo}P0#PN^czL9N~4PS(?2N}4PdsqpVeAfKVfX`xf zWPF;CJ3B(Rm2T)5c1?vH)+wMk6`IhU5?br?@(jA$`=#Hl{&4cCp(?B{X|YizR{KlW zO$n=8sq${-q6<~7lSR`cXYBH)%dZMuA%nXl7aWI~0NRBz%DM z4O8d~;(F=mKL1>>)oLCNbQ)oZ2-YT?g;MQi60aTmHAsp^a^^BINAVMmbwfZ`4wCmX zniN+nJrA*$o7AiZr}Y!^h$*(f+-aMjqu^HoOwIaYwM~;Fx!Jkxf!Ru-VHZEKj&L^R zX?bQJIs2udx;-O}QJ+W2n`14P`{$v(yW@`EaX+(lCz~VXJfWu%yP6v3LJ_WJ@i1Ez zYu}g@V)cMFkw-z&ggN*UVX~=tK-Ao{fW$^&uQ5aX1uNx`LtGCvuoqlTyIRdt=Ql&7 z^W5P`yKeYAW^mA_3#^5bmb~4c5GnDH1CGXkWIgcr=Bw{+y(82`BKASw#+8I*dwgk1>#xop3FIZuBaBw2jC+Q6J0+s(z^cX zQhzHvp*lWi=N*h!vl?$Znof!$Ob`Z#8q?ZQi5sLnb%s(!nxrMWSq}v}^m&N^DtHt> zc=K1g1yb_uFPL_Y;Cd3@B<=W&K}_VtPe+)4VWJ7&W~pm}jq1$~0^WaxG7^j#xon?h_dSDh=jFQx2b{P4)Zw)MBeQqG@F48I1a7ojwsktL6s?J%ho5Ae^+f8M zOU#)lRr|)Zvs8%aXd9;5?!J~Bd!4o46VZSZ7=8qvJ_vBI*v~QAJ<58b$O~OP{+ZhC z>e#4DR?|id+Ui^2BNSz0q!7vPhuix8B5H zM|ku{AvT9=tG%xM< z;*>?-X$Nxy+DSIH(!+VW(5vvCvIi$ktS8#fV-H2JG^kdN_`~6{-b*IUznb>{Ws||g z#682eiPaHqOQ|yu*hpOoh?O5)PadQ!2J12GSM1x$AgL6$y#?{yJ`Byl!bJ4MMwY`^^R-(9LaU!DjsM! zd+&YVFgVd+^DyK*R_9ueuSxv4v{hN6c$HhT&4a#x^vpHt_x>#|wLxnrAADzJ|8>Oh zm-=0;Fq~ZA@MNp8%c-@(df~N#q~Gr7#D4nsCGvk(BO96vL&+TnH*G>)Ta8bOhMHcy z!FU(CG_96l$s&B&!yXg}f`&bDtImr&A}h*S=fDhX!F(F(9ffma(}I)u0nkzg@d3%= z>=V;XxxcslBNNNj$4r0Mvbus0D!h5q5+Yf*5gk6AU2wXFV-TDOJkWF_D@HAc#itP6 zZ|b(&UmOP0PVD#O+iwL>T+jO?3JqW4$wGaL2kB(m!8QqZhKxgd^>eKqR2(6!eji-Qyc! zVkM)w1G6blQpP32uS~;CBCv)=3WCzd8@198f09ERlzb+&34vkd_1Rw%@oKh`V)-p? zrX>vr;!zYB=mZ2>aPH1i=W%r67|qFJ^*iiQecP-r+=Nj$+cFV*Pji3sldqW(Mnua1 zHfohykZyFM-#nHYT_-*P*DTujR@eUSOFQR-`U+9^JZ`E|jpj;Rm80#;8?U%U4X7O3TjWL!+N0+N3!sM%^B~@uFg`Y?2Sz2NG zu+xgy8QE%q>77~>+rpbxN=IG3qlvW{cT+Le8$`G1)WYK1cN3mlXGTA%oe60R;C8iMrfwPgSsi>@bNRYkk3_ndqrZ_+5^baf z&$&cHO%_~(5)s&7bjScgs1@XGMpH1oi-sBXkNVS1l_I@p?YCLnxs?2hY!YTt6P8LF z#57Uo%tVUuZX4X27PLXW;E|PD*qzAAqV*JUi59fL!%0)pcHQ$&@i4Ef8Y$%Cv(JaC zyFqX^LQs^t0K+9d2n#3`AUVM2C4HL`xOGTMb`7T89X#QWX3JjLJ9G?qMzhpyW$Fag zG9n&AZyHp_Cl*`05)G-srIo3NJnZ*W&TK_3RZ2>ou+EgSx&)Z4+><7on_SB&8hp8G zNyceuBXl?KpnZGCw{~3v#nNx*k_8m>+B+u(m)azm<@jqUIG0=rnqEEB?vtj^EMn?- zQlxr>RO0=kVS>SlLp6B7~d5@CTqD3=OtPZx{g(mjcElgCG zaXEje1VKA_yTaeF$+Gs}As^go3E1{<>`Z{)jZkSY!S!Zj-#4#%{fAY*@nH~;9P6Y7 zw}v-WK+FrunkZofYT1za?n76BEj!C{<`>GAOc!p-TNxVwkrAAXXW@YBMF^J9=%=se z5OsJrjD1q$$$|x`JCTCi`r zBxf_BF=+i`GGM@6O4B&c?n=4~Z67KWudMmiH!fG07Kobku9cfzYW=mIFb&MW%sys` z0LG1+FV*2Wn_*o(Asb=B7hVy>9@#Mr*6KLBBKTTb3~nS>8`n$GnQ`B)54P-Tt4Z!e zt;})4^RJ3hsl%U%6kq=y=HTBj(AIZ<_CV-J(cZocmHFR@Y%65`)hQeya?{@VpC7e zl87r6CRR}&A0PFwmlpb9@;0ZMef5w;u!j|JtQ|+$^{vkTjMJG&O(S8%G}!s#IVEt> zawLDRZuVj?NR3e%vt*kXfKOg61gsmXFeQ2@zz{m4)KlF1E3aoc4G;DjT{vQ^_Herv zHf}lHuj6ai6?K~B59@vOQ<#|I{`$JPqr-I7@%H2eMw*r ziN%!{c%7SVscPJOn|k+`YyUxC@gJ{A;Rqw!_eJ}d9z&&zQ3~6zJZGi4>?4Nvt$0oJ zXtzGhZC)6CwBq=EV^5(!Fsx~v{ZK|~4^+lptW6yArWCtbVaf_8hAvnRqS%vF1KpIN zSl;G1l?(YtZRd$K^%d3(XT|PbWn0C?UIcfj*9C)%tLThL`~M4#|DziOs#K;SYsOJ2 zMs45g&cj@D3Ck+lXFG${L4=Y}qWrGu1?ya~j6XMY{P_@~OhcJ($@ZskD4}^KOtd=6 zIaNs}XkIa?MlPpk$ed80uwKx2K3crc3}@fZ9(GDuQR|X1B|C~NtT?kzTFAqR38tSJ0NY!Au%lDdF*|YueVPcM*W9>BZyyG13th=XO=WnIfYfd` zYK=xp#ku#}KbZz9&w2+EaSIC+72S_#u}I&v859V;WOkZJMV0Hy1XEh<8!VwP zu0ytm0^<~#1&0i6m-f)(G^l%R*aYAG=6O%v;nar>*9*&SSPmxVMV=48S3s+|q?Qb3SWcZ# zUF_d>O|vJ;<+rRy-~gHeT-j7yub07Hvz22I94N%E&d%7SdR*LKF!)GT^h5GvhkgA; z6Z~ds>jfJX4RsAx%W}L|>1a7v6X+6KY+8VKOomr!`|l!HQwFa$^y%YWn;`ImHENL_ zc#5GO{g0{m-~3|sAFB(ZQXEj2!;>qLo+br^}daoWGVo;PmIU_JhS zNPFwJwz76#oX*q*rnD4?wpj7v4l}es(O@B1pv7H+`%DE|EQO%Krnn|Wf=i19rw~GL z3L&@!myrJUyuW+T=bZD-IrrTA<_|vEYXf`jwf9>4+0XM8c)n5s?4l?)+sHky(T3le zb?BbRpKO46Lh{5ovP)$_Lrn`~bj3$+@WD}&lvo{T8jIClSO`a|9H=2KM>P>ivi5Hw4}M7-$eTK8dey( zMPDYjBEu@N~VuwcUt=0PivoDG*dtx6j0h!EJA3M5vL7-rt3F;(`()eT8|AR}iLB***^`I7vkeKIr! zi*U9O9`(T@;#&u2qaa@_dhBe&^sJtX3)X39$Aw#Hw;2Q6S?&G^{cPcSAZn(Dl7%p` z+-K`6bAEGKOFK)Ij_zq>EQ)^8{LQ$q=p}C9f+tVhP6A=rZ@CHovpw*`Gl?pm=?Suq~nnrVG3Mk1X zOWO8#gG-4&Xs{;kBRLuN+V|dnBABl(19|Al7Zn{%ec5fGTL6F_;kNo&Ne#QkQeL)Z zu{9FPauF3qo-~bi-ie0A?!rNy#!<1Nx*n-nJ%f`n1e=JKR6GHyua6QCgVL)u3Dyeu z_3DXM7L_XHNO){z@Da12a?e9pXs$i{AKtqE;n)6W&H&7JxgY;Z|Jy$u!DUb1|E2Y1 zj0c@+)98`w2m9c|w}-g7nDoDr*7pf>KGckG6Dt#itsgX-Ryk7+;ZCL`!SjbjmVcge zBhQCyNB4bUa)EKHjjL_%vNU_KI-=miV08kJ%Qlx`xAfn|2rsyW%sSD;|M?#}{ny4# zPXnUd$n7-I=py_%b4$0~g&u={xUghu3v(5J+<{(+urW@J^OA4n9_nkI@$?AD#LuaC6OZ)kT=}S!N^qaKpDR*F+!KGLvxEtckf0e+Q&Xk#IbA0 zcfC&DBrLk^2A`E^lVrS9)&=TV{)Dg%H2jeWQ=)LJ_<8; zS>fLbK5=r5&_9&t1Wo;mXBs(m9g!at>)`K@E%kv9l z`N~}8r>C>cR(5&5mG$S!DX{Sex)JhE!W@#=W;T7@UuAi9uMqerxNi1jo6@tIznjI-mo zZoyT!mJj5m7n5wTmcf37b$nQkjnJs3Q%cOl3q`_Y$dIRV&6zO`(|t2GYrgbBaKguR zQ`x~&XO|W3^ZZE9tE67y(gGgp2VpLgUVAW;s@HzN$p23CPJ6Q=v+DXrysgi)izcS2 zdQsdv)C0oYHB@?Jmd?jtC+y$new^~f-fQJ#TQH$6p?8Q>RwB3o4g%LbscH5TeUh6Q zoTvK~Ot_M7%khEv5-_-th}E;)U+=TE6)ocWzF3IF%svtAq5vQ%c%Wr-I6@j@W%nR@ zf+C_Bc&_*73SjJ{m!VR!7)t*}Z>-UeGCvpM>ygpv(ozUGqhPDcL2u9KU!fi71ly-q zYXH;gEdt@IQ4QS25`0P#OS$u^rb$Z_sH&LWNO|4+^&6#Vxul~;^UQ%>bQu`oJRCZSv2uVt79YpFm+DVx+z$IGyGvK(!s&5b-JV&yu~& zS>)kdPM<3lpJqKKROsm;Bxo4ds1%?)HsZ~n=1YSfS}KZzn}F{(NAuz`;BGI0fLtwt zXC0m&OKEo2tYEX}O>{n2(0teb=M@m^5LQleDBXzZS?CIHX2h$Cxb;j6fxfK7Sg5#5 z0lU>ws=6gFt5P8oqVc9CJM~Bzy;a9y0dD8kZ{7RTr88(&OUuOn<*idYOao#%h zJB}5BUVq{prhUVXpl1kHpZa8Hj;9!HORSu|ZdUBI5#VzpUa`yc9Z|O;zwMi0!z-89 zg=L3x=@U*p#Ld^XM4yV!ImkEQ1^nEf4A;%+h*&(lJ2`dvHB#}w_>{*cI+CsjcY0`! z3~WVXtIi&UPi@rJ$@RMKYVTDo8Ua#12EF?yC(?`U;;|{uQ!cFgE!*y*5$jGGBEE}H zrf;rh4S~R9wY5Jx)2&~l8MC^3h(&3QeaPe4%QodG%t~uP%1=!j)uU^+ z(P`8-v!IJec%~TnV;azU(P~;l>W1qXq4{82smG)^KG-@A4D+9K2O>^<@ z@k^Bt9Jtph(8};J^C2GWfNRD^8XVci5ausfb@Zk9D?DwDK|GRbn|GZDIVH(KM&NDkR9Hm{zK~k~mpjw#Q*Yym^u2R%# zzjb{TvDA3M$O`GqfNtJVRBR3pS(#a23+<$8+0IP?2!lCC*>+mkUkaW>CVD&iun?OW zZ#4zc!<8Wcru!=KJ2{|h6EPfo@W`v&u3J^s4DdF{>=8#x#3cUMk&+?ndZ1y! zCp`;RMG~RT>UYh#;V(J#LhXSi>EC^R?)uBbx1r({Pkw4;_7}E7iPRf|^4#+{C=N}E z5ImY#0c!QNMYw@%JkABqN=xrzpfNcL&OY7;n*JW&oKKC(P|T3KwG-Fijki%l zlg3--__A-9EHA+1EVFs(czn4x4KsyH6&&xhj$%`=*v`6p0znTTF5aKEPO?glCGEa0 zHeBl!(N1iXwyUh@lMk0UiPVvc4V6+556|G_ox&%^ zCB|h0NG(Fo3`@D*g(U%28CBZ783bFnCWqJwhfVsDd;?w4yIL)myV0qhm<$RXYXp0g zyf|-pm5H8*cAHoFV~+YDZ&=~*8d3lcAHZ4XwAFkLGx|mb-yh9%e)}>5UtA&O+1#V% zExlU}hy#bG%&leZZsfvdOC?eL!~IKpC1);q{yGmNHg?su(VBr-8eE-@b}+-it`?&T z+GJs=ME9d~6=Hn^?g1?t76QN};RBR2WWTJ_-u=Bm${mP8w(!YEgDk&Qq7qB=Sl-HU zbE-V)_6I09+-0NzAi-Nl7U?279G71a7wqk~QNkC`b8C`6gcjys$n>8r;+pL+y}_p+H1gmBBYkL})iuX2fb<`>yRRhhVEjl`JgmQ&(7o7j ztAT$R1}oL~Ys`ZNAI6Z!s#6{)bOw6I_gVTEV+&&@G?U*u(w|z_k1mp7Wd3C42dCfO zwjo5js@v7q7`nl62`1{al0+bbURt}_MYUS?gyGMUU)m{Dd>X-Q8^p}k%%h`P&C;10 zWVTzKJJ`FNN~5Z$T$h3a^hNT z+8dd|VP8qy@*%Q4V!=({Z_B`aSs`y#dZlX)Wtt8Sw%^kpK<-2D(flcv5wuh z<@bv(aWVm~O`skRXeSBxAv5ACd}E8g>!caI9CqZ2ojn}kEGn~>a&4OAbZ$zPQ;rbV z#|C-(s?wuWnrFTM*s|p0TUGb~^~P70M&@fzjt`~Dvi;tkgS|#ZO}ysg^LB>NyRcVX zdKoEp>%E-_EH>P2VN_yzCbOA#<^5o!Bd67K7hjVzRr+1%-GX44c@>o^R*IbH5RNgytXZ9>M-_36b?q@GQv`f7GB$}dGwC#Xq)^ku6FB0!^`#u#* zaE1G~;v9MaK98qyKGNO)@Nxa^IfZLOB>s1E#%oBwXZ|Q>Ve_Lj{+=lOLR~^`oVi?( zwdjfO&T&>)EAne3`{CkvYvDu(3-kl9~jEfy3?XK|; ziWCa%=r#H9g+E3iSK#uNhB&j{4fJn_JBr$=6oAIiQ@R!;|75(zOV>F+j_nX}A;IDO zH8ESt%k$AHQMO>N`PRAYb?p!FcP#j;EELzeLeH(rd;1q)W=v&tKY>-#JM1$K@uIt{ z;`RE$p1iU_$q*0j)@p^t{d=pQHsLS@BM@DD9y3^mK`0uC7iXr@hTkrL!#vsm^egK;=3A(i^aj_Fm`9Xak494Ss&i{r1IAFS!5Rljk2_FAbe# z(>@?tH3e6M4IBHa$&@TKUA<@h+V!Z=VP2@*#{w*jSG5uY9kEz$aYQgC(2nOdgp8!d zUnw6v7K1>714b3zAV8a%mrZ{!W;~nOUfvc5v7Ng zY*0=7c(UD`GdJKGbY3)EfBxs*(EOaUTFxZFL_ivZEe z)#V+&?=Qo9C!AcrOW*fB=vc)G?!0ASCe$GQ^PYvgv|dl_dfV{b6UQ#x&!AgLT?5gR zQmhK!&;CKPLQd7jj@yg?kUq(unled@41Wk!+%GDPeRw`CS$cS7lI`}XmVn-Rn_)$W zy-!A#T1kvqdanKt3S#1<^{T@AG^;;f~9`9Fo!2F^~1>a?e<>R<=EmKaFk1QY|&H(*yet$jxurxI$eF;dn65oe$yMO=crrwX>d#arR{I zN&>rIa2>AB+Sw}|u*~@9A^E2<`cDnCu48xRdx=DmmMo>s)y3K_jj!B32@&9R(C+vT znp1<(tm9o&W1x}p@f}6?syP{Kz1Y03Q(=Ja8WZpQgdI@cH+IlfZDygmT2&nfaIyGZ z3?>)BRUnWc*WEEt;!^n%dgHpbX%X=xoLDS*()?uM6-4W_W>$vE>%p?ms&J&IY)+9n zRQ;7kw)j7F?I%EQ>8xlf9_-rggY>rr!~LQw6=M|ru&sc+5mK$1 zyJTB$t%C4*0gnUH6^vKz*3?}a`ps@JObLEEb}({Of6T}y+_(bW(xiz0N%Q4D9qE6t z`7ahdu13k+q1bO=@{#Avt*`ncDHflm8|ke-Bl=!A1;aw>Cr~GS+D9n`bOl9}vh}c1 z&9x&Z>zjM;vOV6^q?InB{n}V z%*KM-`P}c9{r>rM=pI0ByZ6XvJPUPE8nuoSCtlP;}XU zk(yVo%bqhb96P_q!?pZIZM)cP{EB|u?9{;uMFfk=cb-QWmuD zIm@QR4p}h5JJG|*oP$*r!7^Kl!C})Nu8hv*vEsA(rbiGLa}*H;HZI)MkFGrM8Syyp zC@qq*eG84r&5j9}lNce;(nWUlG$G4kn=06RSCo|JA`dMK8Clmu&&5}&BsA65&_<{@ zu)0T2y8!GoKM{XExfqyMjYwJp@L?9wocL&jo5`?)NAfEZ)5T) z19>t58Az}N%jtu#DTPxfB)G|HcT7@7{Zj+!Bnh%9Am#GPj@ z{JjU-WsainIMfv9}fM2W8zqTRmr}i^nfJ&i;R-G1;fW+0tzKoUQFF^JtG!UB&ghP_+MWQkZ}J^S7rX zsqh5V){+u1Pibm>tmTYbBV{1u{$l>(JjVY|iQj2{rZoXG`D$}Lwh)LK6q&=_nWL(~H>t80WW~&Ik zNtR#G%_wlQ{9Y4g)9B*(m)S+0d*z!jL&S^Qe~w0pb({IF#XpxJ?DHN#!wLr>MnFvJ zjfAqsjNSg7hNi>BN~+FG&0pOFKk5Z4RlM+!84m;a3CFCVgE=Jz2}VThAg=1APY^O?|fHH^qy&w92<|~`rsgyuAg0lZwjs1oSwS+P0IU} zO)-PPce2srW@imWv@%_&ue;R3z4n*Xw@97aUq;K)h$2}ZBXwkq4^q&2ZO#}d#)AD& zS5H|i_)n$Zp8*W;m-KfS2gu%SYjZk^gHkvvWJt$yJtjDB9pGZkG#=pQC$8>F!GhR? ztO*#6g}IhWvPM)td0oH?<~#_&?Q2(FYNQiSvSs8wQ*)WGWSJk^ZT+xvnzLnt@pn4E z_wCMSSK^AT-K2a;_S!fiao5m151*cf>22=^N^TPk++POn2*|}tJklg2T&t|_hZKQ# zq|2(BY>F(C7SFk}i|JneuVs3H8x3)-)0|2!k{|MqXn(*Hc={%>0f4wa^#<{55PL9-WEmrqX>%0-Q^a ztLsu@w?3SOi~7LRGF{WoS~-J>(M7$)wWt%n2u~xg{p-c;V$cuVd{Wo7V4KnI7g2&b zQ#fVu4b#r&f$D68V&S0BWG03dWAmA|F3~e~9$>*ES_Z4%Pz#Ha`r2+b(=v%$|8v^v zc!d48wSDW`t~kz<4eV*f!0$9c#(#GfPf0cgsYazI{9Q+`Q!T{$+`~# z61^JIeHmSEix{F&a67}3#!CZ6;kRX*HVo?4xuk9$_~-+Z@XO~sR`^%aXV-$Esjat; zQh?F#5HvBoJ&@#ZU&0Z=3fpX4!?8S~i-ftZ95Dy7R0mpCG@Ky3`$wfLIN^Qf2XB90 z^C*%x!&`vYWfMSyMY@(b&C`-7;)>@ZJ(r$LE-mM8t!A!^9_h}5!E^JX@YfJ65g4v7 z9;qAH<~{7V688LI9t^}$Jjp5q-{%vSoH*E(hl5`d{I8^2SfWq@Pqopm&@K(W?j`Hg zv{hK?(~gSGSR)f9Wh4E8qESNetOuLp<%&Y%RvFXJ7_21Os=^z<|uWUPVg z8bkM-CKtR5ZcjTVmN#)Qxjfj3oR#`PGi~mlF59Z`ct}BHK!NX#b|&firuh(yzf$lY zpQ7p_m$)?80HWd`Rrg&Ts!c2>OCdysLi53Jdj)`A4bO-ZUE~L5MPSKoX)Y9+fK;#t0?#pr2FL;xkI`pwg zLaEfvjZ@2^;BsY|#AV0ZEYi4}_Kf_$6?YE}`X+>6$v%tqb?``{P<+*_Xo``|3v&+p zCfDh4b6+bQD0(>CU3|aPcggt3;%cJ@lpKDQoRWz#*}F&Dlk6yDivyRaYU!$bBPi;1 zS?hGCv^zz48;Wt#9wE}M)94Scgu)HZvir$@eu`bVK5ci-2JzKtvInNlY~J)iOQY|W z6y@GYnUYTRP9eN_TKC)A0$W2X^J7&qx&70zCw=2jy2y7|H_saR9DY3o0fj8*uK9yv?ChMOeu|sE@_O2+f>0iQ){+j+7Mtb^5 z5Othpy7QNPe==Rt+g+$$1w17Fg9o9_c$f{`tVK$y&a&1ki;#|2Xzh$`FinBD@0BtR zKi1OE%;ImiVhyEZnn*D%-d{+#wV@?dKUx#xNe;|&lW8%#0kz|S3nvi_M|A<)AO9yJ za|Lc|Z7j`}p%_uFfqjqK2HunwM$;p4!dRM5lLTOYI%lHhr8TkTLJytluVnJB+#`0+ zc9!#FCB(Z6_|c@_0=rJQ^!XMDG(-JM;Yh$N1qWjQE+FG*WaX~r|S%flKM#6RpeVDmjI-aBE56V#PYBW!?;(L!w?;l!nNr6kOl()USakU_M?#X)Y;F-b|& zBL-AiL2L9oqH_i2&1rWm+OX~y#REWoDi0Z$<=0r*EO6Tn3)leK{xIo_#Esu>tYe@{ z31ffvnEjX9E?tv}q3(|vRo6;MG#8R4KA%(-uDr0{IpGEPlolNFa1;ei#9i>Ext+R4i^T7Y0ZStLI0aB=c?$vD1 zTJE8-%B4+OSX^MM20Jq*9~F|*R9~wIwsb*BVXJQN9B~YVc*?Y(Ria`4?VJ1E+_3!L zxt`yk`IY+;izv+t0Q4kDsB!v01Mu~LA0PZ5zW9k=yVB_e(D0GwZZ5%U@7G^${I$19 z0oWh&g`VbZ;-)!0unYS3_sc*1`JC2 zoHKvBAvN8YobxNqo!|fd#vt?$cDKKE>qWkGJn2I*gW}l!UWvLEBTcN); zT#XtNG5X2Gn{cY9TRdHe5)nnK`(Tz~BOQQ+Xj&*H`48NGF>K9e=;J zz%Ts+we@{nOnio;t`t!H{J>W5;i8DG0H}z`XHwhUDc#szoB=d=cPpf4P>y$Fd;Ev)3hk(Gz_@8<2FU!f|pw zE>-<*`wm37Dn9Wz8_+d2BKO~XKktrc_)U;|fv>#jER{Yz>Q`Ey?7E~hTR4dQ%@9;}&%qOqIu zFr6ot4Azyw-X|hb{T|>Qdw%~yAYh%iQZILVSijVrxE?UiDG2M&?yjTAyXKuXrYJIs z*&o_z@WL7l$`^bpzV@|w*3|2u|LC^v-`^+h``B9M{bix%XOL`Qh|AqthkBn<220=1 zz9}#?nD?oaDa?_6a~1M%NzOw%8P1ceE^Sd}w~mT7HkuVw2u?{)4`T3Pa}aFkGP|K* zi;8v!@RP5bGJ}30ZZ>gpt=Vh&Bpn#ydG-#;a&v;o!>#%OuzUMQdW1NEn%Ja!!5&QF zn_q#!X=n(VdA_1l*_S&xYZ|rl>CM!Yo1qqH&s+tr<3d9~ zc3@N6#D|TWBS0+N?X3GweVgkV=Y)B1l;~RhTEYJGu4rA&{#vs&SA6W$2`Xg1seZ2Q zP5)*a6mhh%zP^QbqfspVue$jE(*7@I32A7aIzW~eq1MZ9Q#S>agl&E2tx1Uy0EGEd z@OTNDBT8ZIXnhIhL@0z)C!PKQZ4-%&MCdAGM-uOFB`!Lg{GidF{UGuYQ2}NqoG!S1tGOXsqqPfL zDu9uayhRn48|jQ5PE64VvEqDHf7Kk-IyvlDL=X@$;uKU#@4)(D-f8TYR~~6;S8;1- ztoH^0&|&in((FeQh`?NlrsUMtx|8<|2PdcRPQ_4vVQs^t@G$67%4hsSRD%9SR;Ebs>ltE7;l)TwMV7zr-JU|-61QuCRZnAW)|=^g(ZBe>|WfhthA2;M{JQ$tC|h2 zX!4E3N7a8Z+uj%g)-c*ym0=0pc?8k=ttYxH~w<$RW?hVA}pb_IcpAT2&fwtwthv>+TsFnaADu<$I+-kw&vMTR2DLv3l-@hoG#H7_hH`J z>{*+-lfhazE61ueSVa1_?U;Fy`R3_fqF9xp&#$cYS#hs}HY z#CVA4F@)M}Cb?%T+6%{(Ji!!}s)vTNUgM;nd7;+0gP#JZcNnq*n>Fa=VmHa6vTrrW z!w}*AtX;IeK||$&@fKe?H65N1R-ZghLQn|Y1+$z#$x_&uh|uJWWCWA#JV{M;(z&ov z;}hO{#)^{_k{olV@i24VO!M5V$g@zkUz{goE~&6QSqo&FxPf}Z%eEtC58i9QMI-v( zu4M~GdzL~2!XkCn?Di)8_fF!r7RMA@9yBer3ew9*tT7F3HsvqPxfu&t-4Is3XM67! zD;=N!uxn5%sH+%8EF1U*}b~ z@Jy=-^A+V;qe>A$jQuV#!uti6r}V66Ou@Rw5SEhYcV6b|V&>cc979>8%xUO*X`@Kf zqc~U+ca3Y=mWGwd;%;F5Bw8UXWgf3KDLif5WUT#&8*nWDuNLc|q$HcAGj5DyZc|p@ znTK+)5})H&&bk`BpmdFi{19_XldE)gLNer+Y)=V)iw!0h!t@Bc7T}UHBhq zv2ar!h9kC>BA0BdFiLWnamLjAa_R+b+S+naUA0ccBARnK+v6h*oxtz^RoDM&XWDE< z7F;)zVm3W^?Ww`H`SU|DNP=3eUg>gyJya+<%ohDVMNd&Aj=oA@t-|)|SNarCIUEGK&x&k} zWp_*h-2VbF;=*JA17l<+HzqbUSkWjWCL*0=!5m~b>3CwlFn0SpkkM8epVT$sH`5;N zK~2;xI?!BN_E*J}FXiUwTHuN~{y>|Av!k`PW08nRB$a3CL$;NqXryAf*0hmdN2{j) zADJxUFeY%fc-F2#CQx=kRqd{-&7@qpJL|9JrHwXwDE-G`(<689s@j4Z6}CJRIK^k8 z96|TGfhlgT=Xad{Wq|I18B{+xMH4_$^?@oM-72lZxN#R)n3sr@{i^haR@y`vs6DBj^j&Vqdo4Yo4GxNi%3cE+ObFY0QX6BU=Vuo>zo=g$yVy5+86 z%`s*bFLUB=GAq10yzK|bqHg}jGhhiVdSuP{L1Fpq=(oV$BUVSQ9y3RU0qo5ZXSlXA zW)ioY@M_rp+%{^^OD>h8}rC|?(6R^yubt&fGwMNe$&&~L7w8 z-CGA@!=%P16&6QaDIKv5*&b#R<|Ep8zVEHZu6^SQMebCn!K^YMrjPsHvambOaRt1V zpI%LMA3MI4 zxy`t2Llh=V-y8+>IuUJSmczoXc^?W0R*jz8kfYX4yY2%I^=JD*iYZHTRk2p+9ml)_ ze7>XKVor+eBw?#F^l0nAC%J-JvEb}32#pJWK3RC-gRSr_#4b#D5YLPv3;c=(!X?}@ zJ}#WpbLYia#Z;TFD>Rpfv!@;o-ILENDA4#pqtNk#rn`DaJyg_mfwV-3FRr4+Vl-FB z(KD72x&SJI3~&P;Q;D;IvVNL+je>7e?UD@bGEUv}q|Et>I(0Dz<>!-bNqIN4#AdlO z49MZvI4`uM_9CD|1X(kPjtdv#lV?^(6ur)6pFOvwy*xR*{K>$LomvkS1_azDdRO*Y z62@bRsBFa?s>pX}QXzt^61h2ny08wi@56|*eYc5dE>e(;EPwX3@9}8=TT9Boll0H~g5fi#Cl2zn`&6w6}#BJNH$wF^G zJ=yThe2K#g_ZPlo_kxl|5tIPPtDKEcbTyTfYJltFlb-pB8kP%+E*) zcAiGH=s?<=w%-`SJ9wDfqh0g;@Fy8&^{2-UAc?gZv4W6kyO#w|3aFgU%U-CBtwyZ8 zJ=0c^y{<=a=%||dcDS?ygdxh_y1x+VsNl$u@3;Gn&?;@`omMk6<D-7z~7Y_GPrYEV;+zs|ATTo0#(aTpFYsz|L9VT>@Srspg0d)LL0)`i9&Q zGF!x(0LJP2jb-9XW3~^@89jf?wq?8rcRW;F)j;@dW*TKDP(49G6R0kNwR6YIXVGOU zywjhBefzuv``uda`<_zb_3jt9N}i?}jhGXLuby*cUrv6P4q0ar?jg<^f7Qcs6C1Ty zoC(I0j?DaOn*LIy0xg;>_E_zK(g1C!z*{Lo$ZE#7ghBg3uY+Z1D7vb?vBZD<7?tQ9 zX1F6QTcTygrj3AwLuW1Uz&j44;PYAs%It20$>K~w!$DGN)Mwn+!n-6dvUkAbZCMLe zp(IO_siR7T99IYV{R&y2M9C;dU}Qp{S$&&)K; zLPBrpi4GH$B#Q)=w%_tdnVa{UNfSUd#r^U2ih9xv$rgT-iThO!DJx7es7_;>gKa$? zFtK}}`Mp_N!QGg>IdlUU;lYcWjihz@2^C|2QWbK?v~D~mZ#Bp!MhvB?XKHSgRN$!%eAEz8*d4V z(GkH)$V_8=X1HS87X+YJI$8YdvJxatz9KKNEbom$YKxKq4mlIaEg>e1MG``-vZ)KV z-Ozpx@&|{R;l@5s*L&c^XnaV>AR_euWmjA~C%&B+<8k8zHRkt|uK#v9$g1`8e|V-n zszG?>LM?tmkFh0w`I;C*^(%9Cou3+v&?ci<8A#@B84381$0p{aq5aak8*$Ip&uh^; z@~d6y0zeR3qdj94FL|;fvt}LH)@t?pUrOLKG?&Z^N?uOwesuxoy(?yVN1rDp?8KR>RQ zPN|BIflNd)3hshm`Iy+xvsf{Vb!%ITyS~V~8UXmNSJ}hmr@c}pl^_nt^~l@kOWK@9 zHbDnqx6m|ei|Wv&R?f?V1FaT}fB}6dH>xBw!+Pit_gshB^QSz%G0DXXMLx9@Xu_TK z(v)L%1tW29%C>UA7!Ne5pMlTKEq)wfesr7J>~-{x37K4I0w^#nx0*h|G;Mu5rUQG& zKlS%S8IDMPKQIiN0y1vzzVYw3Xn%N|Eh#vzB;<~ z@`af8Dv$)K2Ao*|^2U>0F{`!mDg$6&84GyJCo}rd8pIJBaPR-S~caaah1Kp;q+qE#ERi zsk+a*ul-fBlRkl`AjBZP@8q|N?3?29oH~0l%P$+N@}7`vRYV5+>%M+?%>%pRMxl79 zurHCc?VSry$l7_Bzz>>bOTLwAN@Q7?JyEKlg5$jhzccZ!c*~XBEspI4qb4d2xGSyo zMB6hzGe?lkx`$%zDZm=DKMy#wAI%o3ZTxe^E$LyCJzuUItCDpusg73RUR`cVyl%v+ z#nxM6Y@N+RS}SV08&%LYJA?YYYAXd#sKLfy%V1b}=sp90?wS|gxVbo|!pJGVe6TM$ zu5tzms=x-@%6!B)>`SC1h9tXFK=a?N$(h$UyERVr=RL!!H$=}KsAV1I`>)2&vraGP zeAnwKw@H8xDo#{ZdXrtjw&P{5x1%L!f*c$iCAxb4S^&7z3X#6M+?Q^O!ELl>ZqTS| z`U@*{y2T@%YQm;Ce*Z8w zXjqv(P!;)`&%e5WGf+t3j?A!~XhUmTq1$p^`(hsGeO1k{&TPYH&v3Q;Vs#ZOLBnj=)T+t9*S5$afwLz*32BPYm3~JFc?D8`i`sVlkx_(x4 zEgXB~(td2VQkki)6Kuvom%_;-#8x{l1z+&2p5(UjBC1TcMqK$pW7oK=>YR`J3;fCc z`@fwfU?x3-?Cc0U?7!&Rc%JG44-poxa_P(sm^yg-06o1a=OG;vv~6NGc}pi4IVxIt zqV|BTb}G=Y4FC(^x;)oV3ag*N2yT5%jWJe zdBhJ`ygfr68$oS&gFg6erCiEr9v|368vV-s{8MVMem@Awe=7`cxg#X zqsUO~`10pd4^>zCdI+1EENIYk@x-daNv~{VgGISu-l*1BKG<`_Zwf}~GWFl96Y+qI>aMK-+`iKh@l$;jdpT`?M(Z?lB)PosM+9i*ZOe$y{ub+P%x&4i|_K`(Bl4 z8_r=Lt}c1BN_aCp({F8H3;xjYvSZM9Qp*bZ6w0T>2-%h{TBAObZY1x!$NAcP4Z4|) zoM_@6EDNMs^WEbpb1Re{pQ^&L?||Bg=pa~{4?j_rs;n)r>Azsx#Lw3<*w%se_FQW) z5}GsXJGD2;mw`GCK3P2+%TQ7ofMl4cK_Ce%_mdP!(@k}sFkRlEwY>f&V5)Y!vB~Oh zPIYR|oS$`~Lo+FysJC1;MYKt?4{+s{k{eadN9%68&2Tyqg`T05H4C@$N$xphTU1Gd z2%SPAlA6Ds$DkA%{TPu-ev$muo?IPU->W($Wl_1Kx!P>|=*!~xAsqo_9hdA+xLNmu zrf#McQnv^@ViACqDc^0hVA~@(Z1?oKZ&`JG8akj#`|Sww^i4hi)Yqeg1wo)KfxQcv zUdORLaktlfXqT>Bl_E=%Ntt@w|M8xN9M=Cf6`g5B;lqE%FIdaL?$%%^8 zAL>V|eMootw`uq{Uw*pr@W#JuzI00!AQ)VYdNe?$_*(Q}JhxFwcGULq+M2~m3FUY1 z(-+t*mT$)nSeiE2S+D?_2nTWsEuaCIiF_cE?ctdx&MfTW{bAfHWu_sBf_gSLhq|#H z5wr#uzE5lR&^<(oikqj< z!zm>fJ?mdp%-S|CK89_aG}y1|aN~lcRXE`R zH^XXtMGow9L^fXN3p#8cZzNczpp3Rh?o+I9VR7x#sX1_qMi+k`sqq`=caP7xBER+y zMf&afTbPfEA;y(2?pO}%ymYYB+9>is1ovT-9vw6FGX)(aYq3cgP8S~Yi~2aEKzI;{ zjGl4`6Vc`yQGwo~zy=`q#b*W==gJ;xxa(WkGR(wj)w>CZRf(1AJ?(R!IK*#=IsxVm ze?;9nnc6ESZK2i(t>BV^JlyBngRB&b&TfC*Nf|j;nW=-YCBm8rErYh4@zI6~ynD%ePTDxYWGaj!PHHaQ2zV`6P!Y~qu|JW4Ht{o6 zY?_{)djDQF{B6;pqA@iakB5|LTkp0Kud%Pk zHs5-{C}o*4mrw_anHQy>R`X<^;%n+g>}!yD6FlTsR8oQ(cVBh)&;EAzxi zX=$0DYY+e3bod{C{a3S+4?kX$`BDesM?BjKM(NIIGye#4CB z>PJC26i2IG9AihQ3Sem2|CAmd^SpB}Rk*|F9&t0&ldqhOBY6lq2b8$q_lav61Q+2Y zA+TlL9QAxZQ>Jzdy7UBmx7JB$jrx`SS3SdsuCgRlP;xh`b6mvF znZ6YH2aifpU9mp*9fu#+G?x%3HoOr4U_uC#y_;5FyO*LKC?mz1G6=*ih&%$3to)ky zdeWPWp2K&>^Y#YaNqCs|%u-6Dk^=CIHpl9v!L5PR+JQRH@XiL{wo&qQiDVFCRC`*i zs&tShDa6m8Xgh~VGp9~i1s*!0)7iUvK8WU5Oq4{f_&0fYG{X{0aVDa|jG z{KDw1kyfMQbFQ(AV#E(Il(nx;Ng+~Xguv$$WebsFY^W1<7j(`w1tn9FUpq$qMV03V zMTRRMcnxydE!&7muegS<8WZ9Mf?szz=w!(v*Hdk96HP-=@WrR~C(b%jIbn$#ydL?9 zBf|8XFB0vikc-WZi*>R856o!*X-!Y_vk_uRfcSZ{7egug4qr}%squ1_R^4~alb{_g ztCUlJ3S|qa5or)o3@vxqd7YD7@sZG|>Fdb+!CzfRu&=Qn@IX%DW4w|}&_kxsL(G(m z8<~eBZTn`l9-)k)Pd@R@9z9@lls;v~ItXL%Ql+)l{DbZEB^IRS_oq`$l1a*ZTOt>n zb}LCru#|4PtRJ@v1HzPJ z(GB+Y_`d&-wfBr_D_OIK>2|l>&TTL`wF6+X$r;)KFiDswk|YxZ1`!M*$F_~ZAV5tN zL7*lZ2_zFl62T^kj6n#IF+t>MT~BI;A?Ls{QO|?+_tj zefQSVjkbDiv+IqiLkx;38?FRi0PN6NsadH`WwTL`0Xtsv=qRgQbJrnzfmoJCE!&LH zrhg3PoNz72NrsbmD-I9!)Tn#h`6Tc3K-ia+SA6^fpI=mW@rgcj3(USR|LYItqFxX3 z-D}%FhehR?&L5XYwH(?j1fR$^6V_xUcjEw#AR3h3C;|5hHz#NkDoUGn2`o{0nW5f8 zNblo4a5IHS#TYM*g-uR#t;xfDFV?LQNuu`}s14Hh*cmcO7 zNyQ;HEKB?4AKtyftJtz~917&9T@6Tkzecs7@*y)O0V8yaRiw7OSg>ob3)LIQ^_7%U zA^lrGfunyP`@_Fme<*YQb?Ul>V11TAXHG)8`n>!1Lln!X;u-s5F?}+Jr{8f<`t+*b z7ElES@|BoSE8UQ>KkhxgkDc3sUd|sfveKx@^n82oDvN+~ys7KCK+)ovfk(3sL;NjW zo$>SBj>)Q@Oq~`PRRcDSqju^lPYNm&?7KY6bc)lDzcEE|u^($k)YOPfxSa!YPGWTe zxsh&bwXM^`D#69um7RgJ!m%bpU+T}Z8DZym$Wi<rN)A6t~}69+69q1OJNap6_i+PkAU_1Xay)} zkEJ~hW^?V(2`GBUX61QeM52{KVW51hgp81+U{RMS|571mb(``^F>prVT19bh@Nxaw zwU^$`{lk-M`d7fk3=vs3mE&^v;EkI$^viS_r{>cADf_2k?TV1o&hzaPmQgPoqN<}T zG>CQ=rn`&;3ZGoJvhN&g9$ssI-dk=hs%QAx_XD>j?0sMJF^+z@|MqT;nk?wVvUe+3 zi_eTRji%c^DoS)=;p4Cd}us!7ePbPm^zte@Mj z2=NB`h)c`*jti7*;K%A(_Eyd0L?pJzl4 z4(!HwLw(S}BE7wsJNABBSFG7*Gc)5^ZRcoh4(>w;se}kkW13EpnjNj;l_Durc}(JS zPM6)Z(j$3{hi%2nCo0@GZ?euA+LcMgIGo5)>N7eDh#-?yN2?coWpcI?N(O^Tke$0k z&;3Ps08gX>gcS@8FauQgJQ`!I>6H!?*0_G7VC1n}r@3>Pa1CrEXHBWw2F+b<(=kW8 zX2UHcrwig~Y(dq1Oi+#UV7f3pZF@H_nySo5;`nB!qr*!wJPpcRw! zmw#Sa|5faTiD~|*{^h*XHv7!zpSe5xh= z+NTQ)1nAaSe*zP=Dt315Oh1rL@MwyuuMYLZC~4RcCIm7pX4@Q8a8~CN``#j zl6Zq9qP;mcp=?aL%%0uF$NAFf;4#d0_lG^J!+1LF2sj?aqICBmr95(G4P9K$Rs%4! z)WHu01oQtqgwcVFd%O{XhNd0}6Ltx#u3X^)rWl8u6ZJOuX<vp25B5|qh}G4;6Y9bO%c4YUo1i%d98R$Rzu+`_u z@|oy`4*fVL?)1|+`|P@yC-~BbSEdBKx@(}JVY>8|rdPh3WqQm0sN(GAC|l~0tiw=A zj!V0GTTCH;Jb4@aBjMf^_ip#S(Z;=}H8W>VqB2=86V0{l!)pc4!kbHc=Yu?W8G2TD zy;qO!|64NdcQbxw)&uYu>s5n1|8hyLLRRR~`<(F}i%Wep#sy< zc9ZqBJmTj4vEB~{OV{2SCpPGUyj?F@sh?L zHQdf-oxW|6lnUpx^fuvGJ+}7if{o^H7EXHeq1r!_a~HGYuX>=-gDT5iX6XJePOM_4N;y|LH{ICxX z9}4+uut&z)czNAN(>Y3Pe;n(XJBiXl)1P4E@e3} zdWGXq{8z8kx-eEA%Mez1`x=prjOdBm$1V_iD$+nILe>5X$u76w=fT=8S`us2(M`H* zphjXODEmFN^5i(OsAjdN>i{~3Cb~ZRUcOVyboY;ha&~k}qhPn?Hztu`oi-JWj`P>9 zd*&rL#R^-TITda7@b~Xhe*L@Q{*P{m9G^sK(B{S;@SxEmefLS zC*E?sJm?y%WsK>%Yw;E7l7cax38XkfuDa*&{xjl1N>IGTF7~)TKLV;;dG!9Z1StUSF$6&XhB)bE7M;*H1NE#D3*U3kI{uuETerw9lS3Bcehg1Zfu)X1ArB1HMhgU_Rw8p{SdZJrpmR*_X-x_`d&9_*WAM zn3z~Ya|mJF!UDMP#1oZnG;fv@ry zX3&T+tt;;qNlaY7{-Y!R_IW9-Nd^%oFA4Uf_ax9&FcQ-|5S8>9=slOO7x zb({sTn~o{k*W2dQTyvBU@tA5y&eah}!U*!}UAzZ^2;+HwR(}nb@Cj!2=O*9UBd@xn z@pUiXLeaZph06^n3smHz&v4RG@d;34@L|}tDC5axnqHNOJWoi1*n^Dv!kS-wW1^L> zYYtsx^;hg~E2+^^+g@W};*(A@#ZLprH;P#Sry;ulBZP6~A#C%rdJ{5ro1Sc1;ie?c zhb#xYTfk+zjacl?YK;ufo-Te?;|*Lkb{xc4*5Kq%!)`m7=FB8)Y>A2C&(v$U{9TJo zlVf|qAb5zW_wwF@!i@ClI(=apeO8yIp{&6|)hjm)==YSL0P-h-S>m9zi+|*-==m80 zCI<}jp!i$+!EVuVM;%Ra;!YPQOI9Y8kv4pqj09wf7-?7CuDkTpMoi(%X@Sit=}+!A zD5U0AR?TwU4a{7*UZP7eo6hSf4v>9ddd-XhMo(RQ*R3+Zv-i5$IeP z%E9kOp{AbmXR?P|`bn5ZHv}F$QTb|^O0oH4$1aI}^dbvMs3ms~XK@Nx5wiBTEwk(Pl=BBkmvIi_W9i>{Cne|2VHIQM$`<*chb zL%&=Q`KPJ+Hx&ly{;y%JE1|&O3Z+Pkq2}5ifDR4k!nSRO0eu~x8S%&!1N7ar-{)Pb6jYJ-BAf%5%xR~g9Qoer8h zdj>&1KVL!33X~b@;FE004U7Ffu+3TaET(@!aS!uadEneZU1W;LdY&}LTcLN6cG{_K zdh+K>U(W;EbWK0!-af6!S=?7 zrl!!Ur;Vk;a@81N(yx#4)s?fi(IhKS;UAYWf1hY{nJUPrSotIK723B~#Ap*{8p!0I z?9*q^Z#*`nT;lDN^Xor9z~9v_bf@5&>vn(r858{_^ZA#T7fj`zJo@AMbL#brzsWr@ zmE~fh@;N!c!V4KTmB4lFk_*w!g;e#}?~2}b+In3v^lRzZ<3hw`+`u&Ue=mI5_5PAw~Q%kh-3K zSOk1^AngIG_gH%V%^=`)JoDrG-`!{a+ndZEwJg$0w}bBP*N45^Q+|x3vciyN6PsC6 zJCetojRFL@(ZG^m9l1?$KU)fHnf}96wNqCu)W2%WUAcj?{mZx|{b;459yee_fTWl;Co-h?hcFE>7P#{UomZ@;U79pCyB~}suRgqd?SQ!|f^G`#wfA zHb#2;0grOi=b|)q6gylnT4}#@4bo+#Hole*ff*tSK^Er_`!$5JjXu_EF?P4!UUK-9 zqq7Ys5oP2x#0>Ex@=#4WcK6}<9;YaeFgRFr6lr*!Ne zae!h-%!K9aaH5SH(LRizQNvjp zB7=+#mIML-H%%*^B^q#`T`R+q1=FPzM;PkeA~S8Xm*qwiU(Vs?YIKZvGL9_laZZXr zNJ8E@`>JwRm~L1T!_JyKO^J7u7u1qWR*}LJJ4uc?wT;f5JOT;5dPx@h4))t$7}?6f zou|p{d0CnB3->T-*HTKiO@_kP$YIwKVGAY6M-_8qehpE{4t&53BG+;{s`D)3KuRE_ z`cRf?Qzj5cS1IhL@v4U8YpN=(+jrIa0-pOk>124O)Tr5{Zv?Uh1C`>hsh-9lpr~sB zkLBub^S9L|{oK^!9|jbUCaw8UXXelO5T8n8{mjTaa+9;7wr;xaSD!7TUVT+)s1jmJ zn+0_?^Nr|O>#s6wvAtF*wXrfvy5+BY=4{gt$qM`tM84+hRH#{o3XNZ^6HgAmb3ajM zX-#$3$X)d?kPwNot91LkpZDo=7hE-2H3I502e^gR0sdH!88R=HWsNd#HA#fU6?Nu_YW3-_Lwe!Txkz#j$=4D3Ay_Xr9MU7Bt&ve+IlMc&(AQ?sd2fO(V6NrVs#tGnU?D14yB+Yq`AMq%nsJzy5%;k96x+^elU3#g_!W@vg zbV}delUIzho74oD&-8Is=RfETNuYiDymIqAuj(-Oq_fv$Bt+t#q}I>H4C)oYGN)i~0Mugm4Ob8E zh9@;LAF!dpKB^JdEoGM~on27VFd|Qbo4Hj@D)6$Uq;gf6sQJMDPXcv20U1#H);UkH z(R?`@`{GJ+5kfR`?%pR`CoLEDIg4zE1S@CUD#Z3J+rz3vpuMeSl&O?!Y}~6+bj3rE z9KZfnv^jQGxKq+JeGS!0`}84o=QJo~FmZWIx3&_NuwIEE$9$#`W3q*Muj85#pF zdbobs-oQeEw|h6dCJWHNtc-CBP=lF~&hRCdLg4-BK%WV)?2DE3{;rvcnjqze^0sI6c=Qzw*~?vQRtp25Ply?B11F+^gKcySewYV(4ZlxntVA@u<=7+n2>p9wc9tQCD;jP|BG$K8fp`sCU^6-2FF zi$)9dx9;Xvj7&s2SUy*R4(iI%)6x-4Nc#g5jxYodaq7MOd?sogrVx&S;L@83U;D?hx2n!Mo z zeZ2>wWlEFsu|7lt{GyM@#@-D_n@k%YaTp~uz44eAmJ6-5Q*~?lj{Y2TOs+N><;dZXlgpM=4?KF8@mDPbyM=JUkm6d{DrCO z7p9+_Whtv6oTl|sO(oW3V=uSLu{G$&?+d`FX)7yx20v7G%Cpq();sTF^w)ziE3C1h zcBvotCx>QT8?9@(NOnjwV(0_Db==P8#+9~4USYS6loKev%q>XomrK!KaSTxsdbCbZ zd_Euhbtly$_sl*Z?|{1$Z9C`Fch-`ITPB3AWZ_dl(B6PG<}ikTD^vj=MXzfWhU;;3AKjHA0@5<-HWTWVCt3VxrHTmDT&|$o>WaA~Wfo7GklA5(g zeYq7lYj(akCMms)>{^isVL4#??TY`g_4}AAEoNg6^8@vQbqF^i?di)}HBsj#y?F%q z+Smm_K6~C$qqTnL!JUwY4QUjOg!bw#!;20~W)n;6>dT9G7c2WGT_r^?2emW`H$B&5 zzxXO?ms`psewDT@)MkAfd(~D`m(Rz`@>f(cZl_ZAh3%-6|rh4&8_i@KYS*ws@QAc%~;b*oNf4j8&YoSxN;VZY{zCM-`yIbPJiv$y!7@Y0R^!M6b8~Y|0OO8?q{LM#f9~I|t7~6aSu!OR=fk#?C*yPuWI)G3aY<5G zw9RsBOzxGrJ;cQ5$V;Z&(4@~+S{d%xTY+s?+&(lq7PQ^G1m*)$Lo}-l-KXZ&0@;3Z z)c@Nd|8Fk-AcyTgNMM@#sBy}>Y%Mi5z%HNrjR}WUb{%EY5~ye-v!NQR7t~CEl!cjj zazTl(hN~sT#IEv#1xe`k`Szh+Ts3kXmSuUCVsh+qP&RHEOs($-Z3FX6gsrOmI&%z! zEv;kD05Mey7&g_szOi&eHS_eaAAY-5{|nPK;H*(RZxxV};385MBKg)4j}n2d1`(GP!CbZ~f28Plj)vaTU^%>cYBRUI-|TdW=WZKMfs025 zoq72jnWL#zHjTM_1xrqtYv6^_yFflGgNty*N%-+Z&3I73&t=3*q7CJ5b;o7IMz5* z<&JW#w%JJko?K)0_SS5E6mRtS7`j}X2IPPp{yHB_g9-=0eHw)yR19PoVxtC+HJmcq z1ALV4%xmjnTmyZ%m4da*(o*FZL+9_3)Iu@x{GWfY>o~KK(6ABaxc83Z&c9p zw69M+-MxluIQ`wx&PTrTS+z@8&}c5^8&lkl#xnVI<0P(vo7S)!1FRy)sH{veTrI|C z+jwH?Rl1jUT2BeScfx^KkGc)C{Ojwl6{8@9-H93-Mr1tRPgNJukBHHn3)p(%4q&eql_$s-HqmV^?QB$dfAPw6AN3r zmQzHb4dmkhF7@1t%L&x#D&AnAF^R&y-c}YlWY{~JX{ z!u0IXxJ^ODP(ePSysm4h8}nfXOI;D!3n%V#*CdOUN)(lt{xO8H?K^(Fz#bnZF|79I zOByHB>}^Q13CiHhFKY6Jl5-7VuqrbuLq`tx0Z$!KEIh~sre{OQR-~_0gfl^YL&*Hs z2kN64$l+sDru~-%$lD$(Ww$)*F|!X$U4wu3Bn%=F!}|3@?p(dnRqn8N)4`Q_1s3HDe`CDQss{yr;NEhV;=f)lu{G{A0-vW3|;V8#vtgX&|yp|!ML#R$n4d$0& z9HYkOR#->2WDQZv@4XG`)mlziF(@}7+Gq7vC;FJq-lq4b`QSdYP~gEmb)K_l+b;;n zZQ|jcUis?%#TNa8mGitzj;O4&U=8WR?2bJ%ixJMB{ddaJ@8fo0%jhXjzhKu)nOH-& z1cVXlt$L7kdmPWlb-b?$*mSk4mbdW|fRgkiyz4_1RhIUYE*2zO|7hfjo3%|YAFU`+ zW6-GC|I4<`LLwwJ!C8O;Qbxx%!0>D%!aCN-VBF+hkldl3R zD66Z=VY;8SVhU1{l}fl)ml$U^DUQ3)FwQ2Jg^rFyY+=zNVdhR-QwBS)+8&AT0EZ$^ zje4Xx7q)L#qeFs9Qdan%nemk;Za!n!QBbQw6z=GKZUDhzrkWo#^dVYsbpLaqn+iSU z(xYCJ<>M5L_Au(Tb)@4>fu9LVbCnv)1(` zJfWJ_vBxIoXGeJwOKA_((L6;M_=wc&0p!_P0bKY17MhhCrj-aAo`X5y*dUy>vgTEx z$yOeSvBRjh5|PLS;a)QOD{AnG--&;{!+trS(R9Ks5zE0w5)A|><70+)=LiJ06H(J% zSho+5S9L)=?3T%#gIKEFoC!3z(yYI9IB&mN0k?>FuU{LCG-3#o4n3}1BPZQ)^C+N6 zPfAa)O5VmydIofP?7iP#ihq1Yb^y41UIw z#Eb@*!?;fg!`7aCsd%&5u_yzMC}(jb){32n1;=KHWk{J-vB{BaO#?^Ru~SFSn)ZAJ zHKme?0Jf^!7;`$lK}e~?-UQh`SEtDycfyshwy`ExJ<^+h)zma0Ya>m9k+bD_InB?e zP!7mx<5rd-7M@#EEfEiyk<*y#tzFJM^eu95Sqzs=%I9Zpq}JTFer=O2T!#>)0xt)P z@NUN!wh+&r#2{khE0v3Ie5I?4)2kd`Yi5=edmZswT`sZaCQxOMScLXqsjy<>c_Uq8 zH*{vPyZHVPL4$cbZHDFw4GB{VSsYR1!C=XIH~a)*sdiSGA3>WaXFKUciOHC5*QgPY zyl`h>WlQ7Lhh8>#Nlq?$JYfe~c|{b66%M%*EG-=%x^g65suPlT{5hbHE1z@4CNo-B zC1-Ex4>Awu*B(P$=~VjmgUsh|gZSM`L93O>J5L$G)a6^${_<|HGQWoN*t{_soiO11 z1WQ{}PG2`W)@_-6fOUR#I260Y0L*TQmF_85ikQA|7~u>qGg|B^zM-cga#lHQ$d@T+ zZh)VVg%Hl!3mkWP3#mv3-bRwidZH`hCc4(y;ww8SM{i&l4v zU{K$RgSoJ}54S;yN7;~YgU}}wC8hl$T}CpLoDo+Mr8Rgg?sscvZ|D#6=nn&2S9PU)a5%%e zA?Yvo4h=acv%7gv9B&zuV+|STLh#_BvKnwOU)x9A(TVA=|SZWozqXcJUP?+bc;zx|Rk_b?#lbktr$gu{EZI3_V@6x_4}NM~l6r!Sc$ z`k>~kWvi53@G9nn(vE{vsWbj^=AuHb@~`PxxDc-uimA_wnxqyHxME}&r?NeVSceH+ zI6nvE(;sw=6V0Y&{K<&a?q52l)I3i!P-ot~mTKy0BVNtPX>J|Vpd>6H9DJr~iHdFM zZLS;@FYj$W`jC`WZnfW<@@tySkM0^*HI)L=0Dv&-fp#@ny04A{m zG@Vd>yN7Ta4*`sq*^wb1?~8nFO8wcpVa|uMwo4MaY$J|D4H?5oOYbk`m|GoFt$6h% z+E2pdIa-NcrJCNRO##nd9Z(7=>~6>l^)V5dwVJH*Mt(ea*S2#tJuWmPdE_UG2<6S# z=-#U2ZymoeY5sM>{p-3T{4Z29MO*xJF6r***oh@JA+`Id&fBM`JLEzrNA#&b*(Zf`TmD2A%Fn+XYUR?kU}jEp zC1ROtYbQK6`}a<|B#k|5EUBHwjgHslYC1ohQqosx!(NAzkp5;%6MXNfjxJ2_^cm$*e;Hmz1Q74OlPke(eSPjc0TE2B$ZCS{PT@W?lVagyJdHkZPF z#MCFJhyfk>X-6CUOXgETemxBN(-+=9@BN4qLU zyR@YYKlXHohh8lzdQ0k>^_i+#&M)t#`A)7=1OfLwy5`n02MSm%h_BwDiLh$BAEtN4 zhpb~g8$L`tP?1;8&(VR66@A%EL(Okd=Nz2pJBZ>q&HhENI(eS^>lQ~~%`b1qr^P2- zg9R?{X+K(8St3u1WKy0-EQt>+5?yth7I(yb>j~P0S|@S>vIEY`7<<(b8&|wpA3fdq zBrTaiVkXOwZO2s8MJu0Y4TCs8v>Bl~2ZQy4AyUg%MYi*iV9k$V-5I5iN+yiQvUB;A zr8|2+wU8~no7x*Cd@E)tL>XY*taO&UHtJ2GvSS0kveEF_H>UTri~hCUT}M`BMVV6X zQYmp`II1vBTs( zXj5s#j_y{lR%@nGSO#`P6na!Yl1PIqA$|*puO*cY4&I+-%VrlE$^C*S4F(e}^?0F1 zj`0%?)7CD0y%av_u&rX$QJH-%4HPQLw{uhYwI=%`YdA5#cqPHRdFHen3FEmT8q5bt zE*HJpQ%UkH=Sdj2!F(990Pr%i@637<6=u9Gl88#lLfTR2<0L>1=WW0U<#Ov7r0<90 z5*^WN`F^6An0KtIHfHh0h~#qk^O3^3QsJX>1<~K%ltAdVkEN5pAbaFfieO)#SsH&m z&P}fDD&sY?G(hTNlfMwUC{!K?kf-naf|5(R7-! z3y^x1KyA8FB$u;6m6324X{R3v>yDUQvA3C<{!z&{^!7=Q1j~&YXth!D+?=KYcdj_p zE-b>VuY8r~p{MuhMPGpL1(I;<7`M>HnF`3&FXh5&g6XsOGpM+=m2XTRNHVIU|I?2y zW9eB4u?19DOg6YIFo?jK9v_5vs&TYnb4HSuQfZ}(o_00{LF$`bEC*S?p-o0_n3$Bv zIY`7Yk4`my#OOliw_JGlbjTaa9@`ZGhwM)btm5b!AUz&2dRZg9tJ|NVKJ4(h1`=t2 z+tP$>fUdv6Q2acalMO42LOa-hsIYV7m7Qud6Q6~QGX1pp&kNzdQu~*+UjO~(N)3+u zk2*~CRt z70(Ekv-kVncHj9){0=MY*ObUVuK&Vxfz9CRJ-$xv(P9K5lq)@9X0Cepg-I}Wgq2@j z*o8J~!6dpgBb*x@>>zkr#m>7?HM8c}%O~dP>C$Exh!qhr@LhCbGHtkQ7$4y?B5%o+ zUyB82*p1Be0UihV(Zz5$zj_;3kdfC#{RjMcr92b3yL6a=hXE}2mcj%vo=@*Z=u zyj&&rUQfpm(j5?4P>eT5%dE!~>}6QFoY5C0pi)v{BI(8}thKlq|UQwBp1^|j-*GNA_}0s`X93@)-2pU_gY>l^$yX@OUE zz}O&k5d2-*!`#;0Hg!P*c4|mMoH_}X5~mh?eLPMi1CH&(12R^^xRK{`VPdhH`uGd2 zAI*WvWBmq-D;rjPpICRdymDhKZbL-qta?J?Ud{#8y-=aZd`=UZZJGZ+utTF)0zTjM4H623Kbl)S~(g zIs`VB<0{JNxpQQS%nf*?2Ro{fbzjdEMZzk}pyydy=!;!QO>yoMzL-S@CzHf)JeGIZ zj7dHWohKY_DDGJ&{CW}mzj#{tSM#a=Z9u-eBs;Ym=T8{N;5Omg;x_Jrc(0Tcxf6uCB*RTuIa1r9wiiqRhR>X5 z@tgflY%j;sDuur>IlDiLD=VL7`tO1o|8ckfYe7jJct$9C*;pP*JBu`j^Wh`9JiUM} zfguwBBwr|$wQomLqn<6`NlF9z2m}zaJY{Tul&VW-*dH-;PDW=ub`Fo7@Fn7eDZYqc ztl8m^@i!(Os}o%h1Dl!k7K}D~jpT4wZ$qK*p(@p>V43l_wYbgiP#^w>evy54XFrd4 z58fpW>!iN#-gNkpO}pqGE`k@(;it17(%yRZWRPtSi@JRxi)2W}z{*0vRhM@H%cBom z&vohj7c!4ACSeRI_AX`$0&_<>Z)dhL@KlXCFysv^?&DCS6nmAc2{c3=e`h6W?q1up zCF+3^BSZem;>fdl=ZnN+AdR6y-F(tRFb6rjVl|5RSju3XTe<6sw#>kei~5D1m=}x{ zt*sfYQO57`3NmO!S9_XM-j&4y2*PX5MDftUAbLQw;;D{=`7^+XW*$#icAg#Swle_;Wh8T! zta}c~YXjmZrvCVx9A0n6%g~HzK`-y9=G!~F!>XRT&%jOTcA#V~*J!f4OiA7Xc2ftf zw$WKbHH%Nmg=dzUc3Fh6M{6Fizt-}&6yn*TTQe~aXm9;2USHZ@*8TWt7fh78XGC9X zuHQ&UOtIfUZtpLjy^FXhXYO{c|Dd5TH>l)oOkfb;E)Ah>M&-(eKBt;-jGi`N;yN@| zB^6cOH6%rf`dtW;Hw>nJQc@glY_8eA{QfR<=(lSX19L|=mj>Go^w$Yq=88Te{N4Q} z@x8r8`G6Z*nqJXKZg`EWhLf=FZaJf+>lHo#QSM?l=FGZ7IJ$V77=b5(H=k~3p2}eXjWLvJU}N@tzMZ!WE!5W z<>m){d|KDT?d;kwX=_Ao;&B@El1e;|c1!-b#AgR85q0fR8rc50kZ*N#6D+6+v^p03 zB{yd)BbeAI2S^oeEXekKnbH`<*cjIVAbs79Y@?@`LcBZx08$sgV{BK1Pz81T_%=jWzD5+4 zra5`uoYB(MJ|8gNM=)-A6T@5GAEp|1B~h|Q*Q0Hgf0ty7;PJ0f{2(lJyTRx+QiiJP zD^_|gzS*cPL{-#07nfDr%F1b)Bh;p6#TAUp(JViQN;IS9z2HtrgM&`6*OF&Z%k)AVV-4B3om>o$4(_{=h7n=9MZME6`+lM z<@|{tAzWjyG}mR(@p2dC=jogQHb@RW$OK$DDn0tmB-gHte+woVFX}P3l&x$&M)*#51v<5^7pK5cE!PyNwntsyCa2B z9k13XV%+Q4k;i^+`J{V9UC@b&{%Nw07tiU3Pp#VvA`9F?if)IAhb3V3A6o>0SE+{$ zE{GU2_XEIz99D0u`jCBa%3u%o677lyB_a$oi2O1`wOfltW5^P}iox8|7Sv4XLCZ1! z&C;#iYUO-3;?TRwD%xg_zL=i(e*zHy8{osAt1Zug9C<7@aPDKGftssc&EZ)+9mCye zgfZ^V_k!?-9G|E~tmqV^Q`HBbJ8mja;hnS4G7yQSzwn&R(asLeM_=gqasiFQ^tKHZ zck&eSr7scB^2xmIK#X2xb@j_#=ff0nW_`U&a$Vn;bn$6e&_JzAb*ma*ad9~{K+ZwT z+W+YBk$C3~Ps1luxXIzI?G=jP%|hTlPcPK3OARC-Y#m=O3TF-%pyfnHM9grcd6(~* zYwEI)zJHE|$A&uY4lOb4l+=tvg}zhRJ(c5-$r)Xq1$Go)2)u^kv-diO818`fG+%C1vjd{vfF-a}t!o2YtYRk(5DGQzCGfzrwbQZ8Kqro#hHcRg5(EX|(slulcNr>^hK9$|YLX_ip(1%{_~pX_ z0pBZ-BXyx;I77hT^^wy7du@ZDfY%j|Bl$~o%(%wfFn>zet93$D)TYgwjDP-C0)@Px{id4ydHy4&Ea@k6ZSkr29gV5TdtHVyPyFf2ueZ(QiK38#4 z=HA)5yupZ393Z+;m`ZbRJoOQ)*Y?%-;vKTLykfuE)NaW-51S&EXep+BC6f1?Zh2+E zeO4J?D9L-nihIZ_Rc?kX?d$yX+;Z_4%_k5bOPW=7i^(}15#Nf4M>&#ECPfXWV~4tx zwrZ}6GljROZ`T^amj)Am&=b!pp1Bj^T~s3~H{={FMQNFArhkMNKCriJFtQ@%g48Js z`zpl^q*;SWkj(aikYZyrC`!-ZMh2yF4!6;|EpQRl>b<~Ot!MZySRnPTIj4Hwtfxno zT7%>9WWqp=+(DjHy+tnzzMd z;cS@)Hkuj@R1_%|)*zJjCnKejPxOJe=M_cK}?!BA* zQQpFd$>nH2P1CB~lgn)jAGcY{o>x})Uvi);Dwg0r(P0Rj#*YmAGM`WwXw8;SB6y5i z%+kkv6{Pgbz#uu(QxcaRG3fHU&N24Eadp#iQ4&lK4oAG9Ox+W_sYZ6B&1((QwiF-q z+a^8q5B+bK&* zt*y@cXpK}FOROX=@jQ&IMJ<+HsasSWA1iK}GplLrVx$Em&1A(p``zu9VgA^;r_B<# zqDyr@S`Fel3~Ln+iv0k$0cFTLJO*?GywX`7ue)(my-Qk%<7=;FsD70a)|5GH)Z$e& z*iZDbSQIt0syhj4Y&4oqd)dN?vW)NXOs(w9*uHo5-i~HNvmo#e68TPbBDgdA`jTde z1Lk#4VD?m$TYMSonD(7~pW&ILWt2f+YWddTAvG-uYC;f*uM!y6mjH>M zw#jjr&iCkb)i+7$;Q%4&X);G#ukM(x8{mp#jmD1hhv9WuVh?tES-ll5K`Xl8?pC^n zRUZ~U)^JHl&4$7n;GIQgLbof`>q8j9K3hg&VVflaR(nd4_DCPF&ib99Imz4-{ePZw za`)U+4trKAYYO*e;BTsWW=iRkxw$8o=Zki#>)!jVQ9~jk^W3J$x(&zkjDudFlGnuP z;5R1CtzPSIOkdAK49iGagl|j`!%1(bWRcW(=}O1{N8NizHMO_AfX5WLPtt~(0d0@*1PY$MujiQ}vf#EYomrR;QJZ;j6M1l0orZ zCppTfO^-pF{qN&4n^u}-tnt9uKj}XH^Ns!8@^3y|f_t&1uBX4J5z=0(>j zm(HyIHeTza{!ig-mzbGUoKQkDLc=Z9V{~m~a0iU#{rf#SI%J=FT%M2lu{qhkhG&mSiHp;y2id?CAlmG6B z=V+Q=#GaT;5k&Pkb(Ux^Ak|x!Z)F(k-AwOaSjNiB4M#;OC~5(`vNzOr6s^-hB5|%B zZ#p|d?d)bcM4Uzkyszpj>BnEnUXT$dR*ruu&#~rm9tZub z8E$nt8%zTH(H$w^j__(Eh)$S)@fCAx(B#JXwn~$}RJP9UN(HcZ3z?7Z3@hoHs zrQP#xaY<;b^+h3Yy2)qR`_FoPk-80)Wb2e;9$muZq$+L}h!a>J8cZ+VU4ry6MfjCt zN{YieSX(+ik$y>L2oj6m=e>V@o-&odp`Zl}aJHf`ff0x$e*BEDBd@)P@^(@AMBuCH z?=_bM?^@ndZB`Hq4ddlN#p}b^wK_@hBre6gmmXdnyS5lY4UrFwt*rMgS@Hhet}W>& zUEGcZa-15cq}z4uf$N;NgZ*eQkv~Gqe(3CpAlnXHEvyBJ)Ehl*WO#oo!^E`1lbO)H zAR`egv(VUR)+|iE9TZA}Dn#xx7>Y0F`S@yud>O++tCwk=WCP{R6z5=-=qqo0g^JR6 z<0@H^_%ePYRm!hJYb5Qc7-`hlbsgohpDwP)A5mi`_nE7KwP{HSiU_zR26I&hxrvLXMM^i^;RNlN2;HK;~XW%NjL>RvRS_*jv-In)4#x;9{RUPMdNm zr#?tEXaW|4X)}eJ#{0!DUe3g>xPW+Lb7F;Z;o7#ES1^PA4zj1sq^oJ7sZ3z&k>ol< z&aDiufXS<2{AQk&5V$(FoS&DJ0{W32g$?5l6Xgm!7st~)cUVv2CL}V zW6;~WGs0@wmDMKS(fzg4xMt4y1;zS_cb{$yJfPSZ&AZp@H(wIu8qRSPh{7+JL-fP| zYQ+93$X%Z`dDN^MHnP1lHbqw2j7w-%_#pj-T`M-REZN*Vlsjw6FrE;0yIJtuBxg0Y zm^;}?N&DLo&o`P0+;A$PcHG239;aTcW^^q#CNo(GfJ6}N>0K($d{&Q)2Y*TI+s?~x zA+}Y?Pz7SPpYS3Q(;J^KYn-4Rf-COAcXG|itjSdvr-5H7QgdZ{OR}Pqh4(;D9Z>JM zrg62Q#((trNXthvhO40jCydYPa1rBX24eFDs_&xf1}%zKQX=!D+z zM|l5f*Bb91jCN$)GkGg5?)f~gKXs_VI%JXa=xkN?wKNiMKI^eNi6$?CokqR?uxqWg zcKxyl>oOMLSbNv=KGdNZs5NcGn>?(cag85hx=brSxhbVdFX{I_T_`t_y`%Bf#_s35 zEPu9-^x1V>EFY@w1F2-ww@z!ZI4ANr{KP97%UWKP{21A=HgdNm<{5_Rh^9;74ZGQ; zm)cv~=s>M>8X3+5!;LPxyq>fPRZy&yEHEc6C~kP|s!If04*il$uh*opf1EzkJ+?SP zdMBq>fCjW2#Rm7un{=Gq64y}EEi&`u1b>5%?yo@qN~Y(5#`ZV7Z*T92b##?Mn+z{E zUt$R3Ub!{t-$xx56Rl+fJq?t2dBOjgwles8d$Ft51k~5yd9s{SSUl1iiiF0AU;hQb z|CV1{590ON0DMzhfhuww!0tcI2(4fCUJ~kbidlh|K<-YaAEYVQyUd1oQSnV98J;Ea zT52i8N)Pz@hU~A(`cK>2ck&p*NLU=I;cBm0vS)N?AL*k~Gmv?{UeOV>W3iv!vd#Yq z-8EtDl3>v**wizOGm7b_IKWv+Zh@$_W5?uCI^w@0@xQBjVTa05JW(bXxRVa}W&ncs z>UNt$K0w%FHZ%d3;>5Gp764Xx7>Ab3gO)GD{=udLi@U7Z2Hv2&{;XiJVR!s&8zTpc zW-u78Fwg($5WRhePnt1EKRcApz;jTRc7HLTgiMDy%91qLbf6wO%<5<($C)?v%mIZGmDN7GvD zLl{c$>VpQkGre^=8|jIS0KX;3YBOybt2%bXR198XRoh=My;&AW6Xx5??6tRd!eXD% z(f^B|17D=HG4lA)7|=F=Ist?jvurDWY-#;k)WX6r-gI~c>vWuNdwR3c+8+jMeee6o zX)|OE@k83t=fG0|W#tYFSwE;e8?Li$X4FWFs-6g`Upo$AiT~sGHa7O;P{_vdRIO%@-kk!{TAaeKXF!2k@`QicN zeJyVRWgjb>IGtC5Ra`$1=b*gt>Dv73E`~JjXR*LN^ueCi4Nt}2R>h;q&CgK#4wMev z4*5@4v5y`cu8!?;J;jzI!Lf1!%gt9CR4%wLYe58GpE#)7$eUSLpyDcG1`Qb@?2A2X z%81q4qsQ=CNgdgoy-ou(yKkQ}%X~4eu2WQkir)N-Kev*)6PzMbxm3%l=bn)^x(*4y z3e_r8V4xoRKyLK!bm~+Iq??-NA(}_r1|*A15d1@C_aZIbMv~h} z*ALa_MJurjzB$>f&5=iM6j`GPs{`g`R~sCtwOs|#@O)O_+J={+w4|yWqU4YhnLH>P z6M6&T$@YY)ekPnjy@xQ5N3^uZ-%LdjKlGC98i}l9aGs56)Jg*T-PXzX1QpgX*J$Hm zy=SZC`2nvpLpYct5@{BlF>7$78i%TwQFN!XsPZ>8wx{mwucY)87-T$Bw@e@$p4tuQ z2o}Rtxv?wd)!?Q(yJhxzUCsN7ga%Z~$MNlrqmRTpDVc4{K9so$iPVW3-G?HA{XmGh zj*7#_&j)xf67V#hEiy&A-r2J}5OjBL2sT{r8(g88Ad(q&zaREv*d}!zs~C_~($`)C zef=%nNWAgYm}rp;%Lg5T#OFcUQ!Q6PVSRN0ZguKYs{^EqnBG;!mnB|x|8W$`h8B3Z zX@oT``h<_4gC+Fz-3cG5Cef0*8?H2~sDEin6EDg$54G#s&o#d0!+BEuXB2B z$aG0HWP3Mha+N$s!as@a>{w_3#z^gl^A2{ieTWeE=Du~ zX>6Cf(tRf{4*I$}j^vYNxG)Ndt(GA>gm2BnRYP^p*xHqJZDh!s8{RGEaTnzpJ+aw^ zh;?9|8vasyKj|l(9{tW2bc2Y5!;jCWC%!VfS=|_ZQqcCS@<+qfXV@9rCnFp9#Y6`z@9uk$+h<{swb93l zePk6EkDb((zEtCtW>VknW3Ni!9L0#2A0Pk{%`&vH$(J2^L2SVCMcZGWuzM+HGd`3T zZ?g4xGFn(?ie_adaCc#E#HfNRp+qL&#*Tm8@Iy+Ri@7X(vC08sYQ%>&^!K4q>_jP{ z*3b_lXeJ|rnLS!HcGSb8m7P_jo|vGLiTiAdZD9ea>Qfy}OZi`w#P}cQ^50CntgR2l z*W`-6ugdY9s}NgnNN4c9E}K(&@9>0BU$UTGqtUS;LGNbt2BfzlHIweSGKUlFbqV#7 zrPqyrj2NUgR6_R!JzA&tI|G!ZoQ#RvhnRN@`EPNuwn}$(;GBHqCXOC{Vby@)Q2+Dg zy)3xdzK!q=RWWB@+!Ke zOyr_OsHblq$(%e+0UOY2VC{5Y$LN~q5DSJ6augV8v=SkRXgBFe%zza#`rs)0I45p0 zvgCe3j8&zgs7dUDgVNC^T1?6)8@R;1J;j^pTm#O_)^R@J53drEztEHA@t^4@jOq7hB3{(^o-;q^3S*5^p zoK1|exR$WS<)g`yncSPl9J@B1!#^yTNY-oL6U zAvFnYa@067F&sp+6%LrW%{f_}piTagoI)s2ufm|oLCUjR1~RjbDI|2;E3uo%}op+w6d1~ITW?p zlNy|3huxeEq2g96{oukS852u|bFF<}btETx(3pCv*KY{%m1k*8GpQg^HcV3{hpIyc z?#ZmE684iOYZ5Fag4E_%K@W2te9jtvwZH69XPFZ*8k`^iq3>#H_C21!hx+2fs z-^W(KVezDa*GnsbGhNYsiFkrC+rWbC()E;syIv6MJY#{CPLh3}bv@o%BZh2owI>gr zFWLWqv|^CmX^)MxljE}|>;hLwUq4f1bFssEUAY+~d`wVLRcO=N3u1k2p>U~YG25`* zsKPgIPiO%C#CMff#K7G8B2OyGN2wl8LgdYJ@#FP`)Hk#&nc$*bAPNm>iaWf;?we<) zA#*yQR(uIR(Q3rw>!_O1B4Zp|K*2iTv_W%z7T@1WuSNvo=I<6_K!{v9=6igWe_Ve4 zKMwo<{?*6*5X0bLapOnf?A9}=WGR3NSmTPo^y{Pbeck9%WN5(Eq-vRY#Gzm1> zl#O}*lg`jkV;m9%@yY^*{1OgeZEOq}u%!wN9H}ol{^G!AOC!K-c?CN_a%{}DJTEvF zF4)!E&q8{ZNe0fi;?Z6PQ0%)9WpsMmLi&MBLo5Z=UbXC%tP5~)IEAf+ws~<+!tz0B zX}PSYAetD4R(pBDn+CbgCli~tTuoYomkRQHq4@#35;_r9uC*-P`-3Jr7lS-*fMolX zQ35hKH7UkqKmhZa{aXwtUk>tq;!~`-?TE~_cCo$F@zR=();XJG0wlZk;IGD8O6+DZa}{(}tSGqmh<{3+9P%88#WCv| zhl>2QMpLrW$cKGae22t%szddT4LW{=k8t^qtOW$|-qlE5QE<7CD)pre*+8 z$f77eQZ5bUr9bVB4v}Nb7F<&DqtZtA`h&EnSLq%PHuG{g62uIH1SedN>w{9aejJTD zoi&a7H|dwf%#$zL)#qJkFoRVNAG|1Na`++>|C4UMZ9~>n^P#q@)boTlVD?{RB{apD zGf=Q$dLwhIEBNw&2UCM!!M(K=k2JAnbf(~VG~BmL^I$nd=K0$T|5B$hiWUhO@pE7#Mvz{DcWfk6(`quqwjVJN^W&c z^1itbO6<*>kOmWIU1lqD{8)#s`fcZT`oiKrjyVB&KpyK?mMmJ#v4srmXMr~uqdn< zklL|t3_%MZ1kEk|x4Mc}Z?cxz#C8?3aF+`3UK!=T_sx~&gS7#jldVyApx*Xy|xNP^a!ObMknNd+}qMkPPEC731!fB_YRztba(kBG|yG6Pw|2 zVCp-A?I}>`;Nx`QhCL|G(85Z+E%C5jswSCN6yV`Cc-m5s~|J!;< z<|Wbdz$1NWcFvZ}<^mWT?c{isp75l=BBMsg-sds14pq2A5a-9v^00LCd365b0Q@ko zQ~Qp&G|&!`z||PlAC#M9W6eCUAF@V@nb-K-3bvyGL#gHadA;N3`0smQr(*5NfF0+F zDm&j$2rJDV9f;uRZ-z1_AiQx)iJ`}@@)9H5&1M>@MG&v!xuW7| z{ry@sWy##UR$8RdIrwp3uXP-7Ob-71wTYAVnnH+@n?OKgZryf{$NhVXtxl^2MmDk3 zVROyePj@N9)#=ZXXi0-dv=qT-+-ax2B9hvDa=1b-og*cd*Q~!k+_9G$Erg-bbypJi zIa@ux8QI3?^JF&g3=-jXc49V6>*}!7tMQ^&O$y;S}Ao1;`tTL>FjUWBUsUyij}y4 zKnQ%x?qO3&%he#*H!sPs3jp9O{V;3@`?dW<)qkLAtQgWWb|t#qQ_#UoHGKD6=dY*0 z=BM^9`JNkq1RnEH$LyMbD5nNP91kISBaoK*O;nR}Q!%lTS@yI}HZzX2mKmPlzt_(y zJtYjEsNNL1ZpmF0odWe*vBg|tsBaKM+{wwSOo|?^Z2#PrwAZQsGS>y&W%gttjyd}6 z;%SY-v3Pl?#?Wuwd5Ld57WecPlh**{t!=f=M3J|}Y~^-yHTu~e(r#Im&4v*Ga@`755P}@Hm<;gMF@8v>v?5E)2FQ`5;VWl#0Gsg zD`mh1Jc6=se_we=nEnzU^YolHbW;3F(3fQ8*IuVlO)qZ;a-IRh*tl{6rA1IJ z{2}CySF;5xnFETQ#vVzAfI_1$9Y7udm0Yt{PMqG;v=Y0vHw!|y)+QS`eP$c zI+iIG^fdixK*U|LQeT~LAHIAXVt4)-_#}0qYAG{4ndQbrlwpb%ZX}+VAKQ3mnCHIv zYqFi0pPEff&Cz>-Z()zRQOuNt}Q_6?xrOjW+lVE#@W`9%xy~QvYH>RQjpCFYv zJ})f=Z#=hwgO#XcqhBRD@%3`99$9d0B)OQDjtM?grfLKD_41ra-je91z@K!nD@}6t zKo25MPlnz22-Peto9*4;T)DL~tP)vx{pdl0+{-zV9ST|UxLZO%_;WTbtL4eEQ2%1V z!{Xf2OQx8cZ59KK*6LFa;gWO+<`{7{r^Vd4aKd}a&Rg5g`I+X%Z>KSykidgvRedXQ z;Fy_!?OL)fdzU9W=oBP~FKS6Mcs zH2=QwRX-zQceD?VvQ^hAtt+xR7joZrURbNf%b`P`qYN3m%H>+>RzD+X>pIxBZ^( zCb-aQr5xQ_wr1o`ya z!absgvMtm;Z)L~B13vmay}ckg#BwP&n5mWu8}l{vK~W*HZqn&kqf4GAtQrzu=Y+~j z!Y7*szK>wjOR>v5IibVE>x6nP-zH0eKCK%RZ(MpN5I7^`&>bUn=s2_8?he_Frf_bEp zxl+w=FIJ-LN&0+fHh*%ZrD>|Q4^y7KnML)k@+!$h+kDG?$#4wPU&e#!Dyq(JLno4- zl+3oAlrjILD@fQ-DjzR)<-&`xAO!8@aGX>j#PFzhqry)*bK9^zSSpupHig$LW^3iZL=kuDJKm z$kpdy>0K~S`M%(-&}V&N4*89xeM_E|$!K0e>7jNF2Ch)P*Z45hd|jO)aNYrgvSq); zPVk096gpPoMnp&ljScIIr=g1L7#n;!pgf$+l(wF3B!>bY`m=h!W@qc~U662XY0aaF zR9|~3J(CzE?WP10u-j^CQ!O5jQ7g(0G*n@L?Al~A6x(#ukA`K#y^3SL!|5>n9!nqE zfl!yb_x(A7{^r=YgDTlhJUZ8t7PodJ_4ZcOWp#$Vj8_ zpg=e3+FXLP@hz1N7X)wTzA)U6oqv(-&tU?-qn^!cAjL z-j0-wXPV}I1-Ud%YA=ko(670lUbPL_%4cn!?zQ&r57C&XfeqNLnY>bWxUif6fGE}# z-gFf7z}%T_ur_&1Lb#&OFflsCZrL;+ll}9(>0O9qWqrLd*L~fCy6dp$yvZmo{=U;@6_U z<>7I|bxmgbM>eILa=Vt9ma0KUgt&TEb36Vq;Wpa+7F|n#xiHyCSeY&qrrv8_!u(alXy(wj&ho`H=OqgpVw4Es zdUvbg4=?t{MY~lTOO18Kj#yc67?=I{OG?O-E|`P;yk>{FO*9ikh#N=?QNL1L33<{z zS%S7?fwfNg(7G_n?^G{KRz|edq_gUzCVMaC_1C9)?B@xxL zE+-%`(KN@#`bg_e?Yb)Z^&P8_$Sj)e|D4caxoaXQ)Jc8llv= zMbOwi=*;Al_772cjXzASo5*Lx$yXHpu~1KdKzAWjYxwZq#@C2axacD8lpWS)^>+++J%}mnuK#yia)bZ%^&h=uG~a{( zuvFpR25dr{(Xk#-Y;7?w6!xxpLQaCnCyN_gm9KGdshI z?Fu(nV4<03^|wPJw&Z5q+1PiogtoLR9?>Sb^ou8_F_H=iC-f9X>9P7%a^2MBZ2ev5 zJgB+E6nHMgb1B4rFM+;fGCkKmnnkBc9&sUbcz2+8UV6J;-1+y^!8eE)e#|aRf_eQQ z7oo)}X&T;zl*dhfnXDP80ttoB?|2G#3=Y#PlFn5O5_b!4<1(+Dt5%6|vZNX51?5Gb;99 zoqcLsWJD6;$aU9BUVkEZw|>mpeDug~=B5ZSZM5%okn0;GH>!Vunt7!DMw`V7Xknu8 zwaIbWn{~1H&QGmLTXl(44rB*-c0H`A`(u3`rNjGuJ+^PlHy+>~h!Qsr!3XhWOesU&iJ%cXvy z&L>G|xiQz&Z@~lMB+rnZOespePRTYG*cVAcQCXA0M_D&4_k66_btXid=yT*Z-4S2l z)$2lEw?_yVnWk+7*6jBa6mMALNNDOetKbG#)RP6>FhGOJA~RF@57AnHWa{P0`}!{z zCPw!*L)%Q_+WU$9U0sFD9J;k-N$_K5J*?9p?Df5)jj@1{KF|}poFcLjOhHP@8p0i)hnHS{{7=8?xY;bt^}K1$dYMh zt8sSft(din&f9W^EmtcxzuRqb*_e}>S86KzGZ7;=HbJghdB$B~d{>;W*1ZvMEyl5} zVcgp$$Kt4w1tiBYUqk5jg%_?n1c%98f%cCtQtjoyZ*u)w@^o3xam7akFgTq>xmyi4gt^Dqb3aF|EgK&Q463zBm z!8n$E+Ymu+%P}Rt$2}8FRd#zRwilMqs1$0Sx`j!rGY#^$>qsvDd}bMU0*ds}#YjS# z26Vb>o5s@xIf?w73`mjM&0Jx!Qgc=4?kiG5OlQllit@#Zk42@kkJEDFG?-yL`F!t9 z>-%kurzFY6QK^PcOXFnyy0uU|2h%Z6!uwMXUQ8rJC>ce8I<&eER)u!jY!>{|2Y{L; zh~-kUdQ!}$Smn7!RI2i!p$`c-QW8E`J3sclLPV-`w(u5@@i5WQgy^KrL~Z$tTx=Io zq@g@n9~{XmjgdyZ97E4c`(bTiP|EReXQ-(Os%EF=2M9{-5t|iOGL-byB?~t<6b;a# z+(2mJ-gbVj=*X8hs7LG08c{9GMa>RIw zhX>psl$TlEjh@hX;y2%#xwt)~@k#fSL|3ljo%~lLXfMIJLQo0F(p79cEAa1n8)2F$gAQLAnP&WYpz`V z9LJ!N!rNL6>7-Z1lK%m&hN;Ce`5LceisfJl!OPaiV()QFat8(4iY>4mK z=ppX=FWi6stbcWIOul>ICGDuU4!3BzA=z3+8uJX#=k?S1hQ0igZbNgs-z($5mO}3O zUJXW_gxa4kmf_{L7j}-{XMr15kJLF&;2Ph)hhOC}5Afe=Ztj*W`*v8Ul#UP-EkAL;0|4!Tg*4<9GaIVRVSoEk&I<8$kP-FPA)bvtoO>`4d(_eNVgIACk$kIPo z4Iv(N{{um7q?LXruxq}gBGfFu$y?zWl{q77``_!1ORSo|bs@Y*Yhp)Y3BUeB7@IB^ zp6GrjTU$zoDfb)~m}mo_L4dt~eGrk41i6*qnFRmYtVKq_X>meV;tD zrsbiN(((cB*syJ*Zg<9~I4OVR3i=<<|C{;;FV~{_X)b5KlyxnV@v{@@wj**VU-Zb? z9ZP7LRFRx%!MAMtc$<|)JVk0764G91`(%sUqj9Dsomsby>pY#C~aT|d?SN1uA9x~rd{UQysBcLB3kQNy|6iW=63m;KTIF92U;gq?UE-)<+s!JH^)U&_J#)2%Z|(?Rp%9%k-xe z#lsv4B_Q)?8X7{P1^P^z_zo^T%(k#6nh2gNa=tlmvFpX_{wpVEu^b+Lsgv;59N62pTP)x-GvRy8A%w zQH;9$w4Pn6H_@f=sD}I~Tw~w>?vt<{U7l!Z1bkDCXh!kA- z8Pr&pLKwY!tX@1{QJxDFQy3W!yEM=efYC0O5@K93cLhq0y1Ey8-Ak5Q{w0!=kKOF? z3F&#(u!scjqyyhurayjVe;_5@)!JgB(cTh}rNwfRcp-55wcBq6BBc&jPAb5TL+|C|pc6_r>w{Zj}0qk)5KM7e7o@Gh%{n>Zb}+cQ^u zy(InYy!DPCo@_0_GE1ku%Fr3tIr*qrP_`c=JWIM_hTs847? zTUYP52n$-|-^U9MQNKq7!f5WhE(=RtORhFxpSfY4u8xE5Q;Vn{tI{2hs4bB)#fZg< z9c9ULLBfidXZPFt=9SKF6vjxK=_bPj=BU16<a~&BMfr5K)NTa| zZ#&VMnzN;Ly3XzbW7~+#AuIeqcEVHHGN3N1a-g~U^MiNeYr^L+rM9Z9w!9A`y~x&oMfL8Da51R$ZG*B=`-~c z850tk-e2|!ct|)AGILn<0*l~lI25)n{A9I77O4vzcp5(s>SQPQEckrNUNvP#uP8?3 zk?xpWgL$#7%vMdm(1%EF6@goRs0OiYlG#3~)HQ)xCP^SR2oi;X7E{i*orI4P+h5m@ zo=tRDGR3RCPT^PT)*;$-R!f@Rb~l+V4+U{b(wLF*XB^Z9qK+RwgSxrgqMa#iW7l!w z)NR-$942cR%i&7OT_38ovTA!LpQ*3WUqPE*vvFZba)!74vc!ke=EsiG(^y zUoLUZWhD^Y0|KN-t~CK32Jm&gPwvERe~_)Iua@<;a4bJZS@w}FdGYB?WUuX_1ChSO z@>X9(1rZ)DU+F|Cj7xa>sumTdNC{usqKv^rE#A*{fPSB=u`>%U-oYF0K|NyBOcm`1AUC|xEWWQEM6v@l z6A88Wd*gG(Pkar*)hF=p6MOrngnkR)n1G=Su=Tg(iHT7n7q7mh;*^6ynyFoRO5t@m zS`vHzs|WjNW6?3_TWj&{4^sjnYP{}`l5g|4GbuK%NmfbvXbS=?sV%mU?t8FwlSmt!m5F9nR<9CLX^k0GM_1|4;WvSC9R$3BaoF0B%r{P1;ynz92O z9*Mm?&k4~I1MKM1&Z%CgI|(CMVr6qGIR(xQs(uqqmAK<|BkH;1anb@f%VSF4;S+Es z9NJd4A+EUm*e0VZ&uoEO8|WIXgP;38iXF`K>Q4PqiCledPQHx>YpLZnEx=v}*I2XE zITib)32{&mqaA8KVE@<*UV>l#}S*jmYJva_5c_qLu)Wz>B^JuFfT?hd*fZDc;37ZRP# zKUi~3rfd!TanGv&d@)4*IUQ1MPxrB`xNK|^`$Cx>XO6wpgdJ{A4A z^j-hXszYo3<@Z1S`Q+ul{<-b%78%LbX9>0s;{NqnB}vos$P#Kdgdb+m z5~k%7g-C`Zd|5h&#x<~(XJDdBoiG(?jfT2}c`CN4LnMg&xL=6l^;qE1+4D)dJEQ;l zqW|-)|2ab(TRN5xbeDB??|6kI8njfE_P%h~VP|L6u~I5&?M9Nw=qycvP5T)!_f$Mo z!rM&+)C|30^ld(%+MzqRuSF72Rb~hsjp0JrKz5xb(5aae`PrXzHt+79|FH+%P~KZ} zuv~O7O0(FX(E#+s1qzK97Nl>;p7@FCvP)IeyXf{|YWDZZ9WvJ(K*bKx0X{SPfOJ>4F*HIz*$RM$`dfD9}iUEl7An=bJ&NqTFq zFm`w1R5|DHc6w%Nmw<|+=wJ%v>Pe7BKt3S96U#bY8atdE6Kkbs*raN}z^lP~)z{M7 zUg%*Vcd2^T$|+b}`-Y?2%7j}ZbQZ&Dq-{o@e=NwjP_+S_27@$Y>PC}wopgl8YgQbY z_DJ@Cya~-Odvv$|q}{vJ;sTzTbuub!9dFiXe*~H~w$&Cq-S!Z$J5<=WboW}$?`CW` z%(m{0KBJ|4Fv*v9Xei{nFS5s*=K)u&a^;uCinG%d0N#9i#sFatY)2LLbJ$R=m(rD( z#5lcoKj})-hW1JB=I4vnlc`ZL4tnwXV6qzyPJWEZtD@0e*2XE7ZdS12Cayq!ULhi$ z|LO`*Vt*6tp5q<8k`I*bc61QjmL*aSB`eS;v4NXQu zmJ4xSGym8@i-yS(nE6R31Uk$LSZa`Eua(6go=$HoF_;SR`G4ugn_@omOcCH` z66!_GT5|RGkm=q??9-{#y`%I4XA@fyG@LCkDaa9VQmD5U@_k)Wb_+##o~p!*uSHpN zL0c!zx{|0ESu02R`B?jR<*_}t0*J{;wZA3B0f99+$(u=HI{~o)I~Lfs9&@wL#oQq4cu{(0R2*n%Ks=jLZ}7cF&#*UyVtoci!ba?m^$`w7|&a<$x`3HyuHIr$DBe)0~5sLF*kPIWAlch#GV z>y;WPEE>=}--I$cPI7KCQSG6v_SnL4bDo0Fi~rDpL#m*lzo{jEhY4QfYi=@J+u^^g`aeqaRj6<{?I_|a)m0kx*CeL zS1dU9R!Uju){Rb>)WYY`faWXUiG+suxrr9#&5L8=Su?=zCmpYUM6;Jtwr$wzZ$yL1 zVaa>odBbH*Cw7BPkBy=6c`wf$85xhA!t4FK&Y?CqxJ0nQ?HVh@H8GUZaOgXS7Uhi~ zqM>p*4w=+5Cg%4F_2#HNdM)L=K-W>ab2QrQ>T7a z0=u877I;SC@nI^I?=Y{Ou#p^gMMJs#e3#oFRUW*LCG+0(*_vDP4!suR8X?y=!Sey7 zq;q-)#KTbEVW?EkAfwZhz6RduvG0vIW7-#llOmFeyJ|vT^{T1Q8!F{I?ek#iS2aTAUsI3|@Q=2XT#@09 z(Z1fcN7_0_?+|y2S9iQ)#)FjWM{c?)*Fu;eK90=HO6?cRbeFy9=mKiKxYjF;gc;O!-f`Q@&Y(yuQ9ZIG+&^c|qjT&(ZG#Ho%_F1{c*61IKI8Q}Vet zdQaR?W64$LilJj_3?Dk`o0@?RKE1`cC|M#MUBVx<4!xw8fkVC)TI}d!c4m+cvKl_x z-x5BXy#5ltU}QhygzZ^5tC>L0Y;#T{u+NNjL(r!1se#a4Ng9MqQZicxZt4+RKD;`h zH@9)XZ`{hGmgt&|0w0{+U3&GC4#V=_+WW4kwz6$YT&}W>6J=wfF_cY4TpefdYXkq6{L~B!L8oB$5a=284(PA#x~!$T?@Xs=7zN?sxmW{~3;`kL?BB#&KcGMCEKD`n0@cu)w1>#$3EV_J8 zbY-Su*>WeMY*)r3+$O6Lg0@YR(gBz|ZbREc?dq~G%I1(KI;XQRUl@bLk#fQIjj21X zhzd-M#a`=t5&W4VGD`ik(3|s8RFq4s(msnUKtKxseU1l?BJSiXD|2XgemCeH1Mhd^V~lTXnOUYzYR zMlnV)ONn3sEuxv<1H@;mtK(b}MsjUM1(0#hSSQ-&*^CB{D3N{-5AXgi_hDejEl{{D znhilK#aJJT@_WYGc!Y(<)uCt$Up2WOtj*JSe5#MtCeQhiEq^pUc(OuB#`N3xvM! zyO%!Z9{s-0Ao$)HSvVT;ePMgKt*7=#%a1FkCM%Y67Os*%_^(g9nB|xIO$v~h@mFuB z9Vho+Gu#y^F<6IIZGUg>`?#vz=iP1hR1zF9{YFLBLyv82eU*A9v#$Py-KR)&J3tQ# z@H<-|2KxuIzdzF!#Z1CT_Sh1PF2NFo6Pg$ z9D?_0=^^s{=-~yO`?u)!d=iBPt6mm$2hTQzZ`^JW_m8*9$ibvmtRFRgkz(PKy%Vtw zj}<6L4EBHOhBD2^8$918SBjn8w`1Y+;>QRtICu4oOvh91H5Tw{oI#74rGzExcj5aX zL}PzKOVx_?{Hzmw2;UKTq*Ww1N(+f++inO$3Nic&QFFSm6JaeA>sUVA9@J$WF`vcY zB^ecUHr`7{JI_tZ>nQu3rEe7>d%IKH)}m%z2R@PCId;GHE`R1avWK!8j58>elRU%k znEhewe{4xv-4Y%!4xd!uku|WdtPboGC%<7~F_7%8lmwhN$yy#YEu9UVBCG199URFl z>6MdVV{J$KILFG(`JOiSxlWsy<3-#bbddn9`q0PUT1CaVDh}uo=OM&rUqC(T z`3mpTI0Lr#Y`rko<~4<}mS3>iUCWKkup zsD8Jm{f%j&cOrnTqR4-2y6TG?HgJ^eVfrV7_!@((0O#}wEkA3YP6h}t%YIXbg+8jceIxZ{gM`%r{<<3*en?2f{W!gBUr%02W| z?nNHU@dWtWWLQXs!&Xyc*8!LJOSC}w%j#Q>jsqD)u;{1))zBx%g{?RGYib8bk|Cu1 zeCQ4L?{iMW@mJ{FxkLsh3YV*b&s?m3tAnnVveNMcj0-SZG|8#%Kg1j=-Yj1@EAz6$ zO3WP8v0B-kMSn1LWm&M%KfQI4Jj^Jjeayr};ceBuv-UjU!(Wd2ACJW_+u!M0L1l(v zQrg3BRQPY3-Jy^xqW#UaKHgj-_`7l{#da+GX$BAO0#;rKj(KKa3*atMm;f%M_V_4a zLC4$*XugqWXgQ-%#-#n}AKU-S^2EBscZ8GgGCDKl7=oWoy7*K4v(;~Xe=amj0_Wx> z$0Uwi4gzGmOo#Ag%vat?NyI0mg|m-Zgt5@Gf&FLw2ltZ_-`ZgMrFdTj|DdL>|7P#N z-b4Hiu20Oru#Td!m=_YMSaj4~9J7tzb#fv6;#Fz{JRNCGi})l8Z!~;^3abK&EIh8eYwqr@}C z^%~ViJUm}`k)KU*6a{v#F|@uAL8&V<^)>hQ4$7nDZv1LAzS3~LB-4`wE)BOS$lcl) zek#82c?%(y4;-H&nfFer-H0}5+2gL9_gQI;wC$mpVf-fQv68L*MaV*LnYybHDS~=t z?QMQzMyVU~THrSzn}Yi-sW7?SrT8#=_QuKUiz`#=PmTR2wf|8bE2xvjQVCcsaZi1+4C@6yg+!EG87YZB{q)gKLV7&bXMV;?VUU+;X@6dCVML%m7FKB>WFmkd3 z`EOqlM)}H0yeWP0I+lc>aW*&Vm{jx!J|bW!)e)wmNpJIu^XB@O>aS(=N|UO38xf7w zV~#3L<3UHTqR=0NUsN{hAY zUMzSW*fgg!7Z2iXCh@s%bQ|cng{$mzy<}^UKu_9M+d3B?B|Fuv7NE>6trcud$`77O z+QV5nGq?}h_S?G=t*w20&%P?B@6@Sc%&a}eRtBwuc@K9r6fdauUQ`xw!o>`Pm{YGh@x66$@3l0ov!sKf`@LQIP9vVS*FHwS=HA zvEP_HkIxhrm(X_Cfb!`KJ*|HTq<$)-tLsF+&h*#Rxadh(vpcvu6w?kVZ}NZ`n_{*RyvR33Ovr zEQz~6!;L>K!rW8)@dJ*h3eS!=8cXC)R_Geom-|#Kq}#rIS2;~tl8w=OjSu}3Qx|6V zI?=yJ>6-c|oh&+0DO6P%xI*NkthkWF()>+TOoGhDJ0gC0r~Dg?9Gs^nEBBNlOG3Rh9Ebg7YC3*l zTVAS{Bt;F9rlhXLhNzJQ=e9#-muKS*cBCotilEdut4}v9gEDiVNX==xo?c9G9o(fR{HUg_k!J zB`iE`fm0tjDMbn+jgiTL-GmiOT7PWe=g&#WLiEyeBLflTmw07^{EESiN>2>yD&N&w zvY&%^W@?LG@PQRB`PbadZ3%doV&}ZA8l`q*(Kn+!BO{z`XIUU9RFPkFTy@KKAOm4O znT_S!iY>U);n?qWCyGJ!__`o%jWIO6US&gez*^41mZ0l(!$Y-$#o!AGo_h3Vbmkd1 zUM#{D=HJQYHDGK=Dq20UEuY&W#5z}cf2b;z0#3;|3Ej)!rgY!|_t_DvoV8D7-#YM4 z9hcUp`}z38YJ|loVj`5ConMI|saao2_AZ3%6gc`Mual&z%{>flS>?B7>O$F4m)j%W zokash8`*moWF7R|t(G@etn6G&{PjA{Wvx#__AaQTcNp``bU)=-HBTgixmtKx3{BJ3 zCBu*WmcJ6`0rY!CU0+fwB4Z{jb|@N?d@%yW;+>in7F^rzrt@>oHpapJgY_s+QDUw; zZVM1Jaldj2%S|lt9NbvNetPR`H9srknW;xp^a!1&#=7CF^}w)T4!i6o{4vl?YdeLx z<#!F@VAV=?mCr>AX;q-&p_oYIdi7IV=kX)p6yP@!hm_c{9<3VoHKX2&TCJ59=_uIi z{KP8L*$lA?>uq}w-ROAAI-!MQt%v$RX$!g=Fg?wr24Z*`J>ZL2Pfd*|$WK`bmJ~Md zT!SMq*%L9N>QzIp8zDw!#t2d(`;=`re{WCTNii+7ILjnqRXJQE6Im>D^w!vES8=h&`~KfT%d%W;@AP8@l6f-;twY(jI(J5qMwvCYiv*e5Yl;_tII_AT zmIa$&w<#prGoRgSNk41kMz;<{Xbp9a?cnOdR8#(_01Zwh7!3eshO5>~=U%3M_qj-~ z{zFyluLm_)L=!dBF0+rpQ4KW})su;UV^aT!pGE&3EySkw+)cb&$L2!JW31}UINpn) z5aZ^s_w0{Pdy9a0^gc)rUV3ipyUa{J*TM!3Cz{`7di0Nu^`8@qz4`NZ72FeXS?0F} zHhspL_x&F0O$GPVmJ#f;kQD&qAvtOKg2Xu1rCI!9>K3oq$@W7}v!dEn?%CXN{E+bQJ%U0}??H>TktCkw^sYfo!i`XWS1Q6y|MzITM4!q{LJ;4t*4 z$866?=Za87SJ~5t?D!n4+)hg!N@)P&Q+`H5fNj0kDNpMC={F{*!g~6m%PP1nRCD#l zS@0PSP!fJE|MdD)c#jya^jMdXa99Q-As)VGYZI0H;Ikj~*U={Ob8gt)J~#CHceQ!q zwJ~Q6*Z0B7tD22_!syDbPn9~kSqZ13mB4UYg`wu}87Nt+zR`SB+O(*$W;x_MM`?PD zge201G%|hcJ+_pt@8MRF^2rt>#EXI6RW+PP`Ng%mu#TZwfcGbY*-&uTrqkc8*7f}& zMU0+9Lhz?{#=^_PiU)mcZa-XAqgZ}p`u_f@%UAM>et?SwLtJS*k}%D9x;zVcMbIm$ zX)-pln`g9*mpY$T6miF;lt+y|U{%mmJK+UCAMP}6L`)7i(B@}NOxE8%%5DbbD;AYp zxZGRaX*Y47+Ow}+l2^8~ZOF1S)2VA=>{OD+92=$x3R}xDWUH7jALhh%0#6=Jm+PL= zw~>&FyGD9|atV%+YkTH0mhsm<{Y9`6JU=48zlZ*EeW$ zb;@`?H$-7>?-2dG%0Q288|=dN24?OH8rHxV_-U&%u zC%GQP2Gr9PRTwTmOw%iDbAJl{>0FnIl1RHIQ9hQ1swACub6J=lyDheu4;vUq z_*mChWic>HHSv|=eebKFC_^v5wM-;hhOwA;?BY}85F`R)jBW8aq%Xhl)%#*bDU=$v zoPOeI%=l(Rn&qLBkqhD}1Xv3LNnw2uy0MN=TUKtqC~#I7!Vm6g8CdPhcqF4m+`Xhfl#+2QWQ z^eYm6duic_+;6hqBCLrEOOz!yi+OE4ojCua3H(T5jQ_26PxiS1$KuRfmrHeF*UmmH zWKWjrZ}BC}#3Vija0GR)h@Ky1Q}w_M8H4vue`$>&(>KY4e3O_g+DNv}d44*XbM+<_ zK{*YmvZ(YYIr1;W?)1fcFVvK0YK1wri_fDIA*@%;18Bv8EP| zMs}J~E@na>@HCxAVH*~H? z*IGeMY>R~UPUE88iR;Hz!6BVlViS6hiUu^NUEW!r9Fb6!z$1k0FCj@-8<#5(!ovYO zGt^x8J43!lbf6xbrWx;1?;QTg$^2Jm$pc$|yCKZL(Z;Y0AB$*o?59g_R7Opr{Qp=MwWI<$-Bk6wGlP+uka~Q{C%kS;L-tPp+istzW3cRq#!dhMCE{Ogk~Y``P5UihmrCx zt@n3BK}*#h%g^1*7j3J9(5mTEb|ZVcU$R#MoJic;qpB)9#d9}4U5ct=x|FE?dm{fx zH2=^47*+jkxn$Any*0lC(!8yO6le&Gt-2&(S!G}-3ZIZt^nB1vWhn6w*Wc178H{6v zjL0Y$JJPvf@wRO~w_e|68FGW;AlWGV!=GdC-kl+LbquFaJ?#>(PzhG(URC&^-ECLi zijwdq`P{kO%~Mbm?~${~jgO_{cN2$eilmoqQ);@D9eU`}(m&Bt{2Z_|!&aJQdGYx9 zHH4aSvA`a}eLMd+L)A}su+|2oc{-l4(%A%gI#RN(FvBtHtBkh2kqQ#h)*6+7CFk4G zYCh*0{a7h`a+^>1O(vVTb*^i3geGcZ{ju{H3IZKiY5@5TjAXzD$r^c!X?A7RL)ELo z<6pln2H7;cccXH_a@kjAY;p&{O;dSfw!W)RT76&4yZE!4FLmYstqe$h8!syXf^Eh- z9KxWoo*jhN1^eF8JgJX2bKbMB1x?dDGzFPWPSP~KO8l1F1=pl{Pl3oz6FH2CK?J!_ z`HiVP{y37edd%Dh(pvusZa9>>yfxRRIV)qe%Cj7v=^fu(*jjlK7p_@8lAhL3di$Pr z6Rj@%har0(3OSKpryS%Zd9TQCj9ymtc`si|zp`|9{$!a^q+R9I8du$Xw7Sl~-=)!& zqZ`6i>YkSP!ENh9?0uZtg5CHy^ed|BFQ%Hs?GMoRoQ&dru>H~ObAW&g7kFiEGHA1A z?X5s!zu)s$I{yj(-G4B780LRU{PNQ8Oy*CqY2?n1Y9bKi{np+L>yF%$_|4Hr*>@86 zcmN_N!#cC%*jhx5Gc&A~(LFuw{&1(h)%;O;CqM5Zh9||>2Tajg*C#fr@Js|==t=oO zGhAk~;tw;WC16nxF2JOMN_TK$1}RJ|{PDY|4N-Mzl#_=^}G8#}`l=&l*AkNdu(z}xNL|b?T+c4+GcG!9T z*9VNBVEIa|rfrU@k1T53_Hl&w>xzseuIbro2C=r#g{m?Ux`<_A!lv6VHx7kcxV|x+ zoxo2q>RYrqNY>+f50!|HlcGA!=BKy)w;S-pvBC`3@zkO`DiShuS$)Da)OMYYhYqAw zY1g(obe{7mA2XKOs^6H_Vkf+~GU~3EP;h#8k{J50jmFE)@A%nj6BX77A9d^GK^!S(?7xE7H}~>f02-! z@0!HwwLS*po#r!V<2q7)yy#hai|U15(1qlToy0cqV3Z$xeG_<~R|m3{w+_+wR$V;! zwI+F34w6>W7S5=}nOT`Fp>J16`dh_aRc-^xQb80cNR;Yj;m&r;EqJn+|43@)QtfvV zGVxE40R5f?*M3!*t^zgnzIzsQsx2~6OcM@Rj~6`$Dk+C);2F5U-gABFUouqeO~FKh zKYmn3^X44-c{-07hYK@Ms5iO8Uzxd&!=iu4d%{!c!DLPgp>SoXeKc) z(7tPG^tpLjYGwJO;v{Prq0($k{8C8msdVcS!OIiI$Fml_%AVGDB~w`~VpvPfODJWx zu8VMy??#d}-?o2&Kv9VO3`)73j^ z(Zy{!{e9AHajC`r91(?er2J)C*PY0bLUanwl7&PY)4-|DD1AzvPJiy5(R0%qbid?KI@q zVmN-Unvr?M*x;n`?6RW$JYO~R+9JeMTvyivY(Vv{X;xS3C zI+?D$&9|{OAFoj;TA~_5X!Bnfaz~VtNaYdfFQ4&`l;x5i<(HE^GaHS3+P2yMT$p!0 zP9ILSGd%+*@%}>});wXv3%p!i*~>qX)3FzS-?bF2;xd^_3+pb;=IGlx zv5InUdVkQaj$A{I_CNq6fbUt)gN&5C%dqTRL!0g zkhttA-j-@H@QhFrsW{$i%t(8~jauzNRNdxtbC0njPmncqCxb)3F|mago^Ld;odqbo z>39<4`=X|)NL?UqM}?syzz7YQ7!TpgWQ^V7t<}&FCxYqKvcQy-7D;$wEQbeX=}mQE z9$hJ4vWO84tH0sPHatmKUDqibWj;$Zrq<{b^1foabXyN#C67k&hX#1iJgK(z`(Igp z-W6@(lTY?vqb&uV#P9?hCyW==uT*`#`Qa^97mEusQR^MU`6Y?bDJn4T8KLJA9+7BGm4i@)|_84M7*M{O?eYD9MA6m5)pQ5sTdW$ zcjf0Ni#>$yof;`QAi{mv@B!1oHMLQgKiNO&MZ9at(yN1OK#lgmiWMltO6hY`5BO*2 zD}4C2Z%kmm1#MF*m~kz!%zw3PYigI6VX_5##I{FawCq(b^s3|1jI}kUL|2u6$Y>a6 zIC8b@8HB;n{z&d^ZoMo>svOJspK<-$Pl#;AS*W((e%ftPt!5}Jl&0^0P1BPBQ}P<@ ze-_}(GM6{6sAdjvj>esMqEh7I5)8Fxso?Wh&R63fmy9ct13V|q^ETpRPCxBk6Zj`< zpzecZZ^l7`##$WaS&4DQg|9$EkIR1g>+QAg*PYzIyQFG4_UXT@k+-_S)bG&@AV=Uo zl5zXXb^N>I(ro8y^=;B41{Hm>y_5PYWkz+Rp2_3&PneuGn$FgFd@c1P+j!dxRu(Xb z)+wN48y`S^=t^FWU8t1L?p(m{$HW_CK(uX7?GG_B`(B&_G+JsBUqqyBSj zeIQ5@#Sb&pmWww%yZRkJBCzK^+KL;RS@Cx*=amuG^rMnXB%$B@GYHKdDw)DT;CrPOpQ{uGhqVo=X<5U?+Dc^V75ecn_*n z_=oOhxyyGu0Vx5%x*%hq?#uf9E#)KY6rBfdS^0cL<2C|Rs^_}3VcBw{8`05p&NE$MTw>Y4=Hskgn$)>2wt4Gg1hNV(x4dB_*)wv)yr4FKT zmGsD0Ew4XtUK*ZT!ocpOBz-Bf=}g$j$YT=)lp=?)y#<5zR_u^F z)CKWuFfgT81$6&V!i0(qk09es{aSo6xa*rS9S3cYF_lcVk+P0TAtiHL3`+5;ND#(v zK%`->?QpvFY1hJ9W$4f`qADxm`O4hADJ`|iATh~1nb~)B4^nxvJK{pM%34b;!sPRE zrVSMiYVH7T%&MxSX9VyYKGea0eKPFE0q7oP$pu)N#f{!+I~^(5J~-d_^&8-Uo_eE# zcCw->B*QhA(~3(^w>d>KMAnxTH?ejq3N#;zUWYs;8L%H4cKG#@nTJ{AfXKvQ_wX+s zsu>w)lSC`>To}+?$M%FF$gAA3b4*~!{S9D~=s|X%&6=vlt_7bm>1D!w8`S!1%l*%x zlk$U90`>44lVLy|qze>|Oq z_675kNr`8A4?0%L>X_m04`xP5tSWcLq53#vy0BaX=d3H;J!`p|)q7egC^7Lc^{(C4 zT!MHkQf$@5wAflaHe-l(B+NV56K^`M8g$(Pt#r&>+L$!l$QjtJg;X!l@JRRB6;_!m ze@v=QYXrK;&CiJR`Qai*B|^w1IqAayK=NZEA-plWY%|b(av}^kEOyYQ<#`5{q%I~a zh)gs4O$rZgl*yho-6r`s?cXh6RuUe@zD#7F*DY+L90=l1Z-w4mk=ve2&|f;yld6`r zEyCP|%6QsFL(kj6-aPrV=}x*cgIK~K-H3MZvMNjg%(?A6lZgsRk23@6!4!AS*S=6d zB#GYYDjK}f@=QXAsBYMCQr|!l-rM!>MEDO7dbs#KR6U9}p30$G+D>BJ*aThI8?nl7 zx)!|cE&|P z1DG>7y61{3cPecnN~la$y!ncrE-dz;z&Ow!=>TkZqPuM?kcF@}#rU1){KS1QXfH=8 znPXkJTKIEF3HfoY(&+Pg$m1&IC30G8j+$z@-dRMo(iZrb!AN70jAEAJtc^)m$`~1U zui+Qe2KUs~9{MRBdjehEbXbJEZhV)vQSp~2;TYv}Q0!x$CU#r^91ME}9Q z6>(g}_-r}eoZgq8`nMlR{ooF7$hy%%?wj3lQp0In1rhWej>8tna+wGVHejdZ@79Dg z)7c54eG7C!Lz1%no+mgWwPoZu@ojKnn?EcyJU3Og^u0B(W>kn~M#BNWF`=IP8CXj< zOY(OX=D2EB?GaK1t-+cVA(y*R5~U|%vHYe*zB>*aHu*v%j2L566#k;Oy>$v#aZ-}$ z*Mz$>Tzvl^wc)W8+GS50;f@#wjcb`f3-rwcMy6eB5Yu2|B4 z{nKf?HZAa&HOM5z8l6txg^*?j$+uN6U!T(ME*VmD&MhDuSER2YAz2%;#kV!DCe+-% z)vjk{1YYIrqPtIAbzn)Awem~_$uOp+4;$V?sN~yx?I1y5m z%z)y}m>4G)d`QL)7=j2>PIwmfG-aB>L*cR6L|5;t(Nwd)>xPYvtr>a#ySO5G`nBr% zf`JY7S8B)JzUDCNfqs1kW3&U%tkdM}Jr|8ih`-mEGm}H4q`XAH)57-AP^vEUf;w46 z^Fvtwpmd}QjsNwQ*YXJ8(LRGIo(qqw&#kB})Ix}q+*!Lcdyi(F{P714#o}}@^c zGbbG=hkE;wgUc@w;;;6FmHm!S#EZW;4~=Y%-d~Dy>gV9nuEqY4$BW82;9|PmS$f?Q zDhk|#Q;XspW{dRn-g_nu8A4aOKiz!MMvlnx5R3Jo0x1G}YJE5E!hJKPle67@fR##@ z?U$sRzY@+0yUY|!9uS{ARj=228UHH_8`Vq~_veSa{a^_NuZF!}F7s?JRot!{=6Y&d z4td!JU}cw1W_w|T?yfH3VqA`qfh(3%3n+op^{0O7VB&SM;TINZ6V+dU_=oSP;TrlB zp}X?b@Jzq0!2>4pb4Ne z?c5gvcM1oYzlSP(_k=s{UxxqJ{h|Fq-z`mgbk_KC_vkxrk`vYrj~z3Z4{3ih9CFGu zs^E!tpXTk|gE7hH$~{Wk=nm{E4%WOqcLO(a2yL*ipB%hNYTvyc7mq`ork~HRSMD^| z{$*hw*94qK{`K;ztHDd=Z#(SolbH5h-hVqu`Pa$QSO4k+#x(g?C;Y1u{=38Y*G%|d zXF^uq>W#(FPGW+(tPLuzVM=n`P~*#nU5K#8weqEdU}W TS|ktc$ShE0dsl$v+vtA-peq;G diff --git a/chapter_preface/about_the_book.assets/hello_algo_mindmap.png b/chapter_preface/about_the_book.assets/hello_algo_mindmap.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..309488ea3a9cb02994e879240c584c599dd219dc GIT binary patch literal 171375 zcmce6Rao7<6Xx&WR-8g96nAfNFYXS-U5dNg0gAg*+}+&@2X}WrxEK3y+y3`@uQxZz zB$;F~nan(SlW-*k$qy)mC;$L_kd_it0RZ@aMR))S_Fu-ri!lHIFn^Wg)WrXh@BgoK z{q*$m@^W_f^z`(6ee>V#-QB~(gP5|emYKbznt{5Jjf#P#?oX%7tLx|2H<=&C0Y58HXt4;&hR6R7j!uqF&NQ%gk=HUkIXh?Il?;eTFmv!Uwsps= z&hZP4h3@Qm|B8zLodf9~PR%Jw%FK844zh9cKRP+hE-a@BU0d6LF0XCu?j6{91oRD! zx%r1V`-bF|R2?224~|ak9UdF2KP)V--M_qg1Vp6gm2N za*4J6>6u$xnVDZIuB6@#|LCyRxL++lNV-RLib``rD zcSlcN1Vf8Q53ko7(TkI=miKg-mFaud!(IX4dACY-;rR z*&9osb8gyWQskr8)SzEurBG+h^VLQ3!c3Uo!_mZzcx>SQ?%U(=*PX)C@b(7C+LB9E z5ld7cPnf3yq;Y-ab!Ot__TaF!{#i3`=g;a*)zs+z#&Qt-nDBIOVo$qC$)48Ys8vyV zWzkbo-x-8^-g>nAYfE{2kY!GyFA0ml==Pmm^*(Pxc>d@`Sm()Ul+WSRko9=W4 zEb6m=7LVwnqM!Pz7Mp>7>QJt9h)R&3DL9ekTYqT2WPQv|UV8TVLs= zhMgPh?KLz!qPvQd+j-pz z;cjnRO|f&Y`*b2`xqDE17X5B_c)j=VQt2|LXOJDu^}aOKSKHV%SBz*&c&C%rJ|1K#$Bbr%a!rb zk0#ERI{y|k=8ci#UA?)#?o8)i%WFS#lb z{`+vm^=+dYhWjK%b2#_gUUpr^JL0bG=CpSWV(K-S?B-D=aS+xIzS7 z@v;K`bcl$*X;IKGjI)0luI04wh2)T;GvaKF+|cRs8`}jeh}#^5hsg7B)md9DXR(LOnQNxu|Pu3GL}o zrVy{E@yC^VcJJj%w;`wZCalNxyx0!Zel8yipz!QD$71)_lq;ZD|WvTS%Hi0Tr&_!zNv& zlQ6O-{XBBgF1wv)>T?`CHT6GrxY$XRAV=(S>yq*;%pp1cnOmisC}Lnw9mvJxqz<-{ zP5pO1iAf+REz17EOR-i>-`=N&(mCb^0S2cA5i;#d5B33eM-f(9RqBUg5`OW&jLV9v z+$1v8ikP&H>G*S;tN9wdqu|rn-`AOh%dCWBp&}?2Q?FoVGrvXpq1pUTF&qrAQo|9X zD4paMu%F8AxSy}|AiwEK|Ro7Bad?oPbA(CY}AfLMNvT90j*9JFVn-wiZYEmD6`8eo2H(-ilgP^ z%y#x;vL`+~DzSaXpaPJWu?MUMwu$X&_6d2Sudq$3(KuKA5yZS0cEd2` zyKd}1Hv5Z{T#cRU(70pH#=&~VW?kO2cx>SGuojg{GDp#XWVB9{B_^`ZlS%SRk>VWG zsxz7K**JfG+STKULs_-ZWz(~bXT^q4PmB$we1wuZ+!d-$P0_uFhX|MNcwY4c zm?1qX+@dF49Fs*0Zv*o5OmI|(PMct=|U-tOOhu-f~j8k6lJhH zQ&Jo)DA48vf6mbnIEYEIdFhTHvLrGzCCW!pGOwL4-dL{hk&6q)O=vJ=(6_!3G)klg z4xgi&;gKOj7cxxXw4&O-jmS|W+zo3+;H3(WKKo)bT^h!1*=Y-(vEk zS7)?v4}9wM4-iXyP=e(S%^t|9W*Yf%vvlfFmTVKsn?>cW+4XoBOEsujlAn|G7#6G~ zn^fowq=@!8%2jL-BBF4F-wWAkU8{_#v}m{d!a)8cg8ScozEg?THRQJK<54tw>S& zMxfCShT-q9Gf6k9X_>-vLI$u4=)-B2sA4UY*;Uo0XK}uij#@vs&xGNUe#)f7mM;q| z;m_vzG)&?wr_833xvzujAz4a!z@X8%q=&&7V@obe_~THJfX)thXJs+^x-V0-;}c)( z3%DMbabutxEZaaPb=jzKtO!y#KW5t31DJA7W)gc7Ms?GN>O%98@c_lm zn4MCxvt$3(ZIopTcdG_}k5NklaFAFljlH)CTR|`H4wrN0C3?7UA5d5Gdo|fQz$dz5 zVdEy`zsm_^PK;%?%}MhTxreqr=n-cw2Wv$qgv$ZnmqUf%jIk6 zVQmvC=|aaZdsrkTS>h78;KPaSyO2@hoA_^q8qFNvx646nAiy>H!o`I8Gfp%n$rln* z{n+Y$Hvguts5g!}6P|-;b`qFVrjGe`UPY1OAZFi}=fivCAmY8!VGh)9{NW%cC>*N_ zTYJx(CyxD!9vJHNDc>J0H-emF(JDz^HDM2nds?hHedB~q9o!u8&kvJZW~c7Cpih4k z3Zkf9x9EiCdp&x4^?v{FKRn%0Rl3h5 zvv={611}CqHrEpV{g>=i!&Jft5{4Su+WSsz*n9)mM*4-3B`Nb!ayol-FKDaH9y^VU z>U_tl?K|IPZCVAJoAP@@=G*YCuoo1^tF9N>QlwG&2cp!pD9Wvk5UStzuM*u!w*24k z8MeBEs`LP@odl0h!t8{$t`Yr8MiIv@k_@=o$;0ddQHRBZL+Jsu;H}l#6^O&|_5thq z8k`eg$S~qarHd9xttTgWW>_|W2&L>LTocC(8t*MS%-Qs}Bgv+yb#47yfv|Q$S9WZ} zd(9qokcr~@TPZ4fjtp&juu~c_&3x}G*r9i@(*!1GXn+dvc>OIZDG+w|NDu6Jx%6?R z4>+!8Q~3buZv@Py!4xJ`7^IKX>N=Q2vI!wlsen`Ew6r^KR=#OFXq^GkK)~nf>G%(e z|KFK!t@F9`L0T=+TDY!oV6Tp^bHr?g#d97bmWv29jrDYd2o~DEKj9hfMmwj-gwrjg z^>yD+AuEUD1~22rvK-YTI=OHY%GxGv3@}JU)Ywxy02~7qkcdd;_HnMqW|G+kspHK`Wot{r;0N@^_ zihc%NYRy6_J|2I_+ZpjmTR~v0HnpzrWjJuV=05YtJ%y|7|NZNmi?H9PK-uA4nw&Kg zI5%eU%Kn|!-iAgaH549-lvpWxYwI(1yvgrMCP*n}jK%JsAgIk}x5Y)hx_=8w-8XCo ziIP3cspUWr1Ga<8Y1TXx2|!W04z>=E1=OgAuUiK8b# z5mDM0qeix7mot|KrM3I4l~V;pqY;k+<=&FM^y4Qus9-1^%KNaU7=O6{N1%R)(M{8VkCs%q}QL&e;4yT$MKydA3d?C0^m-A7}w4Sh6e-C-CF zB>x=JLr2aBF9}OB*`rECO-5))2)(pEkS#+8CviC;1A&JN4T;}d+UU^h3#9$iC4rsJ zY?g(O;b3e7qGUoOv`k=;+e9VyWBwB>+!FIQ?W(2pTC9lI+xk;mf)H^hY}MIeyN^P_ zs1ynE@nz~7(LYna3BR-|B@x1E3-Rfz{U#<~++>=9KTH~7*NRbD`CR-98oy0cpRW+iZ5Eq!sKDGOK?P1mB?N?*X^b|H&o zBUtu`2VYQ2++ndD0DFa*;i;UfnhqO#Rwx@}W<^WLI|8ientuK+1I<1ZRq01MQAyya z>izAUX*d0n)RG{2{F^LkZ3pQ~C&qsk85})O{$*=sW#ngWx;2he}zh$s^vAaeSOJaibg5%b#aPl8@{wc2jTK{tp8tICBF1mB@WROs&atj|t zbKABp27B1VU-t>zR33%F;Jn^#ZW?EC7VyNk31mR~0I}8;PuMCos2m590X0ArL#C-p zz&B(J4-rF3SL};z&-`1Ku#n4)_@ARoovAwR$1`dlIa;I01Hr@PGa5f37!Ur}(m zvf74CkJsGciB-GGn4}eHf9NcX06k_us3VMKzNjDWZMjNsMFS%ju9OC+rwaNZ^u`(1 zL%{1XXs` zhTYaoUbxbca(qXL$dp+p7~Sr(k{92HhZkfRpk3E;Vz=rLJI{HZ6Mh^zsQLtu2|sz7wf$ z;t6|6)0|*aY*?^1ZSMd&=tY`8DZpRE*6o*;skL@bH1>P}t(XZe8S>Zf@G=y-F~205 z+g`=_`;?LTMsqWurhHN z5<8p1+{g?k(PTz*(Fw25UcZdq&dm&J_r}b7cGs`GLDTcHREux1z^E>NhrqdSK~Iyl z3%3c^{S8%wacdk61A*z_VWY_2w8Vep#;&k(Wx1amBTaq);n%bt+46fnl5jQNhNqRZ z(v(fT04oNJpZZrcA}%z#Q}KogcvBH>x;m#rI3Kn$wQn98325*aFjk3!^Qdtqk)aMu z|1?(HQPcJ3z5Dv`ay-GWa(-4+gYl#FoiFfcJWFD0!GF}q9k6a$bsntD(xu-rs!Afv z^bhZV^vaylKrc_VL2t-|OVDX9RR<4m7L(y$>$Jrq4aeEihl>$fHbFwn zcBR>!a=NU|;Osi=V(tx1Op$fJWp43udO2L~ zK0vv_#JB;c+X$Bu8@>-s4R==)eSFaNiEN)IzvrEt#BPJb45D5IJ0&oaJuz%Q$$#X) zj~`Bq9`3PRfwk&Ly~#(%4<+&O74j603qywPptsfE_^x6&JPxnOc7XkCwf}v$H&Cr} z{usLP-vx53-Twl?e!2fv`&_rq-^XX$_szDYf-Tg4eM8o|ed|uQLJy&<|093>BOO2yWP888;#xjUG!&2 z#y`~N*masUF1LByYV&vI#&a6tsuMbbJzk}V%GuvnvGA>v0nmD-Mn}1?1kDu zo%$I1ThG@spWQ)wDK~yD`hX8=^`BjYOWyM*_bEM~>o)Tn(EYyG1+<3#V=vg?gLe6x zGlSRN6gN9AfECq$0?ll2DZFR5UjS|AU;Ljo1z^n;{|zkIp$K_-`qXOIb`H9fyazm3 z{#A0icl|m1?_wL&YS%(TlGy@oMT9($e1LMaoosz;@o(9*gF&kP^Y12+&i(2f>wn*S zbN?64!T|}-x^+@r($#7rk;m; zrn+x%a0A}=CMEq_hDg?@z-uP{b->f%uJlhlV)0k6)60{**1z}ql+3P*tbk4VVNZNr z6X_XIxfQV?*5{W&m`ztf(4OKg#=!MT07l=}F-u}mqoIy$1fwDMgj43vG`H(#drlXB z*^l_N7-K$04)h~JE1L3hF(5g^6hP0Q2mdF<>o2$?Qw7i`-%Vb8(95p?YoXTxm}OR8 zt?E+L(@v=vqY~krTcUzXK67r^>A?wSNary8m?9>N8xYrb#ZUSqix;r9)6;UF^(OGT z``U+Kr5P_$PMA0#^MVw>WYGV!Pl3Hq114|Ba9~v*7hX6+!VW7J2A$pkgek9;jXEb1 z6YdNg-O*C_D&^U|=gUMxZadDX!GFD>cZ&v$U`?bYDQ#mXs(>>Li49ROr>w;1gx|9w zWL4ahnUdvwVN*51b7=Mmv&0o2;%KsT5xg^Yu3UJ}524+T*Y{1%58m$`h?k+BPgojQ zmJwe)0u*B73=3w4nP`2Iod3?}ZJH8Dqqx|z>7LgFYIX(D#NcVGs!u4jLoM<5#eRhE z&)F=+e(xhBGy~;S4_8L#1fIID=)*r1cmtg+Z^ocbDOD_ebJ(CtR$T6QrpMT^KuqhI zbt~lxCi6}lVIi|ge&j_pT<7Nj1t+bs6^o|0&`w&Uz^_3D?n@(EsWFoFU0@;fE6G^t z0vj#5OetKSqa-q7sE4?_`FYYkrg&(AsXq~_w3naskI}y*1a%nr+@1_@#b&N-{gK@I z6DU+>9#>}GKqHwCNQo@nf_aG2lgcYfjta@qLq%9DYlrBl!lOAdEn4;u4us2&r;qT;QGv0v z>qR5Ifnh9K`fekTaS_Ym*2znxThi%gQV->?so3^ zzRTs>{XHYpzr*`JQq~=#8gk)m8h5NlKOS5FfOCiQ#2tx}t$+xK)~F$T+Y)Y6g3Onm zfbQPxssT-r{n3pAw4Lr+y7KWG7fE6m*QA7eaD^+|NX*J>Z`CR=77FP;Dz}b*Ftg3Bi7=8H+=;Q`%U0)eE zG`qxE2b)IAV@U+FmHo#I!;y8;5hy{1|FxKV+*K538Ty@>Ivv@kiXP3>AW<=eU!<{ z=+Wo70`CvWnac-gIpD%hg9sh*+S^^bzYy^8M78;u%!&v@mM&1*fXaqmD?duT_4mW* zjh#zR%$+mDQ(hG_IKCDWNrX5|^ioQBv(#*doQ-@!Z08u1x!ihn9Ie`tEzs_LKd|fV zhNR8rc0U>2FtyHedp7gC5@}lcMYX~m?FsR|| z;mLA_y)5XsKV$cL*m*4A&>I_O7KLbk8 z-`T?dA$^2TlMw`Ld>0uK1;b;Yr9!m#AkryS&!6@kpq=L|agxox7)WB3Lksl6I`med z1P4W%#cLK`R##~x;KS5x#>y2x5xSY42d5g}Je_@G=XtVdvV2pT7Rz;>DJ(o>@Jm9v zGbp{070puFr{X&V!vr5(5h$|7ZQ-CdK_l zEY03$NjuHaWE5J`>f8Mh7Vk{H%_@At>J`5=y`v#E9~*x!U+-d}U;;@~31dZC0t&nC z*~a+&2V$JQmK&&*7wP@ODHajtdh*D^pq-}3hF{A>Fl6h%-o&lqZQbKc$TnH0`Q-3z zn*Q$~u-?QEQ@RCD(>nVRrKB|zbx~=Y_;>P2?XS${eF>-t`Ui;QebuEW9RBysr?Axv z%+q_q9XF=;ctY|oEa48Z_GdPxwEvZB>2$&#QxQ)nsoP_C@q@3?&DeOB17j`-3^g2j1lcv zyGYTtx}@Dazo!6(8^5i}Kk;v~+p5LC_}KYI)|u&;DH1d9jRT#x%Y*^m*Fx?>=Wx1u zC{C`vw>KPrkdbXu&6nZ*|5PBDB`TF@L_d`KHU0A_epz|T8iCbi^eY0HHND~$ z+8;npTxf)NtArRcQOSwJuJ@$Jse@*?8o4II@>?K$~?U+ zooWLqnjCuIo6GRLBx>wWH>?u*-RCu)>cw7ZQ}Vb}*%bws3P=&D>$EBxUuaykZ16Z*uF)o6r5i374o(p^NNrrV?hRA7! zf51snrYk4UP*}{XDm-V&M%_nyQKleVzWwNKEc0J!hUBHA2tK0NH(@LCW2QENPWRbw zrE0&IhUM+iSySqQUX+lUw)HXzz*A=+$e6PG$`6w--4D1L)kNM{|NT(VhYj+7gVKyu ze8Vub%+PhQ;!cRXAZZ6iQk!L;KfpnRwr;Q5SBX5S7E%SoP?_l2_i}sCMHYB7gAQbE zfAQJmKIm6%%pUoXI}H+-VN_y10w?Ym#EGPr!ZUmRz$TjL6X9VMre zQpWa`Ek$ltj0Vmzy`nHqIvFqJkjqbmO$P01EFiKU(5&f_Rt=P!c^(chO7F*%jewO$d)Uql5uB!+qqK}?HMI;J zjIHO-3uPS0qF`vWZrquRWUrA)iVx*=8r z^fBQ$VDE#qk-MzPpk%p{)pR~F7-yW1RU4%I7e<(}mGrK}M*AQ`c@af;nBjOlF8@!6 zduTq!c4mfY!$-3@IblV-K6rqZj=tiQckMSRBpGqFbWFoEpXglb3(-2IDz{o`n)0Ww zR`|?&oq&&{jk<1XF#xyh(Up$W=5@xwx)lJcb>*J!C*=41$}px_BLFd?YiN@KtGD6h zwuL=qz>=UeOUcFWYPHL;?$_r}oY(crbQienHnQyG$zF0YGk&EvyZqH2**qRs(KEck z!~jrq^7rSXeqZ{)i4L5yB?$do;aW@@DE}0ebVxX` z56)Dz#*%7oU`L%Fw%RBi5l`!@%X5gj0qrhSUzEH(>oqUfC~%o~S^*z(Jl$9p_4Q1- zUzNQ7d<}~M-}P6QJsO5Lg}#fPLs}U8+JCVU^if0uewp2bdl{3N^j4too)U=7ou+`R z=N6NRLS#tdzO;9=KW|mRuP@=ztUc#o0NNS=_I|9xZ)N@LoaJiqXY}m|hby8PBOU_XAl&i>y#R%{JaIFVNv2K*;}g_v>5N`>`|JrkTJ4 zI|7!I@W(35J$h6U1RDNXb^l9msKG%DxXHgYfyjh$!Kv=5EiAkI@!WVZ?#&Bh|@<=CiYhw7w zD5>)|owfEi7>~|$LpgyN>ly8K4$(YCs)E6=lHSe6vmT6};V24vn0a%jm&^*N|IX~o z^;braPoeJfBF*A zS-D)ph$bivDQfUH2RACjCs?X|8|^SLNQz@tQztoB!Wl!Yr>mZ zg}R_Pq8oD83T1G41%B1y2@+(P8yO-6zFgd@1j^XOFFb;clW6TJz~`Uy?LFdhC)D78 z5T6J+SGs)c4>Dg|T2>+?m0C4GtyleoARm`D6v&(rWNd-Opv?`Q)Jx^f_Z`^8*gBB_ zrmG%j~JoCuhQ|ZLtvhR;Zd)_ z1L37e8m_hPaV84(^X#|4JZW7_m#l;a+Czj4VldJ22`E3Jn+=(K+N(jth48l4@B-;? z7)(VXyKN~2Zmzw{a2At{v1r7>cOD^_W+Z1{m`jz9V1R@v6vQ$!K0ex%0n?NEc)wfG zopahJ+;Sm=Hck=m>4{cj`xv97Y2^`%`A`w3efCpxDpc}3Y~gL?hGz=b`}Hpnxg`xRH$yx40@^o+%{Z zbM*lI2vtL7!w<0f2^3Zun`7~*M%5?X?v84}<{$s?r8TBlaZUMOx*&s>vqoD8hM(?& z{{^%VX#Duy;9%d)y{nO0gn5qoPcrIux8Fgn9%+uhHH*L2{+4(qE_jOB5o7u8Y?~fb z0}ROr_}JC>zin#yKKVxn!8q&=6!9V)z_?%3U|(K8Pa3U(|82}U{X6qPF3@>%`85mH zBR)3!U*l|FrW@uWgZFDgqF=6mauCdAJO{kfNX@o@G=zo=I%Sl}fZxN)p6K3V{WrrC zSAjG*?3J_rJmeeFLH)Kv-Z*0@1eubg&R~s)C9Bf`?;4-Je5d|aYk z8gH0Ayh`119?(xcc=tz)FM8C_^VBI$s3K`ozukPpoRwPSn&Edgw4q(o5~DvoN$FU5P?yXqhL|Po^^Oj5L zV}+uZ7o0S9+b}pdoMU4;E`Qg=NWmeENuPWB!9xR(Y;>cn*$TB=yUxd6ygq(bCEr3)8VfU z)3~a4eI2x>9Bg{XYIIDR%m|BQiioeCifQa+KbKR(Y4fR7KpjlxaqVuPpE*I7k z*}&VLH;w%9%NP+3*m|mpE^bU8Sj`p?Y;NyiA^9UzF~cLP@(U~Nh#bclr#hu{R)cb8 zF)|N+iA-94De-F-{l_`DhW+$eu}W|5Yx(BHe2n0hZBR6MD#o0Kphm5zc&qNGO=XL z1JHEGWj)dg5JYG<4QTX+C{_=)-Ed_Ky*yCD*#G$k8?P-nkB~IP5Q3rg6^5_OYSoZH zJ1?qmX-&b3-~I^OY{`|r4PH{DEoBTp$Tp15mm5(&$(w9{Z`*3+aP-!@ohHccFn942 ztf~AaDKELWw%Q4GRMCWr$)7Uz+>$R4j+XQReA|5~VVvMpK!5cm6)bjSub?jT&rHu{?|K{AMSE5+p2Q4%@6re5+;4 zCYtg`%N~V~xmBO23CV#6XiWz^SxVrbC5r*xKaNhCqAfJwv}0l~gx;>lQWdjvc(VTe zyrM$?Pt#OHRxJLm6)Hwo7}C&uumry(#+b`)f4>NFKv z`pHhN_2>h%caDWpMYoW|NOaDE|Jzz0cVhk8!2O?D1=AqAs*Um%uGMYvZz*gV+jHwB z20)pH82`e!OHYA#?4W21lBiG2R*}KQ{i=-_je15WtJalhF{P^#Ms4) zL@383#%7VeX1Ca>4pdq=xCdV_lOXgfe)~jFPJA|uF3k92?FuF7k{7t&`>95|W~V13!r%TsCi!BauYfQMIp@xWFfWe6{R~6sc*?@ z<+`SWthnRwB2-3*4Z1-k6c14(8~cGBN0L+Jo@$U;sPro zJCs%7llE`%B9kUDP{JO6S2+w1SGfNWog{$GwsZmLJ*@|AxGf=l83K8SSjh)qxv;F< zQIn7k6q_mYHCaX+D@imBiL&nul)`jE-u3}{ha7;`*~7s!HprRj@J)so99cx?j1L_S zqb^dILV)csts?;2b zAgMw_o{HwYQ{!^fHOQXbazvLs_xcZ)p+M&Kp0>04kA!gE~4$ z7^~Lkw!KqTNbL>jsY)HDXZs>#bp4ABDK`xG@jUi35;ab@D{|eV{jx9*`lBk>%liN3 z4F@{U`<~wmhCqDH!%wV~4;^B~o&c1vt-ug9G+JaQP1Ir{aZ(y#aWCQ!&2Ml^haBk7 zO@_7OPc%A*B(}5Jk*Z6f1);OzsH%8wFuZ?+lU;r)xV7 zBSoKg`wtL*eHc)BK#n=@Aq>QF(Bs1bFB*NuupbdL9P(e>@+QEJ#}gF=qvOaUk)bcf znam`M2C29hT$@5ZA|tCl{LVg!p%5l8hN(i{L;|#jwB)VJ}I;IOMEC)f-%2&Wx=eNC%}K6nt@x8U z-9sN3^Y;$1$+Qx;>4*dB!mG?UhdZEzrk7x}v#ZCPeb=VTZa@Z@@1fA$Z;-5X=|s}NW^Sx6J;xQAc&9hQ$Ta6r(kBp z=0EB~!QPL$yB^I6+foaTt;KpskhQA0xXtx4!rEPf`+F7`qL8GOOrGR<@bJws0^p+7 zjvyt%7Dv8cMh>vERhaCBoh7W(vP8wFi8_!l$h6m1)ZdNHHQUUFjW9?AC z*|opJGI@=Rj3$ZU6X)KdX?*?MUYdIDmQ<(&D*Whl%9t4THM>yek&LVvN4h*mfpS$l z3L?=C9SP_@)A^<6*cx?%RMwwPHZ2<0;L?%m5?L;by#ntf)^xxugR$~R%SO?+@lUdUJ)Cv`IuhR8r zalIu6zlkOT5UkPk7mMMyl}2=)tm?wBihZxtKC@8B7^|K|J;)pn{kj!sry2Ku)H@u-^oaf ziH_Wwt%oG+{drjRy~3+#_u@Wc0~s^88@2b*>@3P@pe-Vy+=Lt0#1@}AQL<iHlgX>a0yhLLV8su^_ z!rH~_tSJwMYhaa(GK!q6wp`|V=!b)KC%eN^d?Qwo>aY&k+CZ+YE>X?) z7$e~1pM9fEt-&FFQ@fJ6$h>>T&WITNh=`PnGm@2M!+4D}JmNynTQfsmfS`siIuREM zbpD4vZRPruA^3Pb*L}u-YjeYy95V$Mk?d3EG#gt5%gT(8aw`=$esE94S<`@-saXJten*r6E$*J+UtK#g62gw=ceipx0uT%7AD!X$EqvbP&^jv@eI@9lG?HZ z+;APx(doypi&ZHb2JnVt!(JASgBB=Oe0W5*FswZbsJADO9|=a~NOel-R|8i(_AfaH zfW7~eHrx#gIQyeQMFNn zt16}+Krl|wzV0=He|ppq$hmdy6% zFO*B>A18LLVliL6+T_bRwG=qPX~AMv+qdvqO+>QUPz~Tqn<|Yh!;{`@4NR>S>noJ( z{KIUQA)}U<@d;GZs)_cw@N-o-*0ykt1>S@;bxGH|I@VrYNlPVO?yk^LLF~IWjWC?v zRG07LKFuP*e-@~hml7pajrpC5AAS~Q+<*E#AV@XH4bEK43jMIhn6VtzR>TPUDX70# z&m?_03raR#dClBHf#hRGG?e&e+{Ge5so#~`@=bA=Q*&pi3nm@r1Tb!hgE%HISxiBM zU9-O}PbO5j59&i9GPRnF)?QVmsM0P3*y73mT}2#lPG}%7kGPc8%@m5I4&mr-3llZ2 z>|*cYh^I<7Ad0J8wDtzoFR^Rw{{V#ceJw1mC8Lt-|D`TYOp;DEXWCEw@&1;h z{u7GF=wDWQLkIaa60r9LU!)-sS0fMlgCagg*bip&EoR*$L#$Yrgm5Ct0pZ6|{mY9H ztk|@E&`ITL(AZ_E3K=9}zWzR0q}LLRrkw9Y-I9DPvmA>{)39Q*{ej?N!0OPTwe`6q z=iSVJqP9+jIzG6Cgw{36?_+dvBprS1!s&ukpbZG^@t{77Q=NpkSW}4dSz{+06izA5 zM%JQBO`@PSsLY#YI)tRFQnIWyT4Y6UT^z#(RE|%kN?#|*p%HxbKd>e4KwB}Wu}HB! zKw}~71ay?)09-{C^7CvkIkCCBxS4;U!)?nKQB3ty zfm`8Vqi7+o+kI17H`Y#Q+GaIXA?aNO{pBMA{#nmGb?ABO)#DNzsXx4~CS9`jocLAU zLKkGDS##~LKh+Z)r_Xh*mdMrl>Y)~37* zk;(IOs@v*4^w5l+FCg9D5sGqyLzDE4rvTsB=l|eroJP=vasBePW4;W~M%Y!mu*u=3 zL}NC{TP2aMp~e_ z`*vY*vv}6p@o@NsH3|vuTL@wS^P1VGpZ1NN;w6y_5GvPfOKp(TpjQ*6?puAVuA-0> zKPa^v9zGJ^T+Ar<0_x(bUzU?n21{AAG82K!51V#`r3>K=J9v6@d5QW7U_$Bo*rYcE z1IZo1s+adc#}Kup7rSF6zeUR)?XG3|CRml&Mn-iXNQP+r(z0xsG&?(>>1tiJzP zhPgY45N6-4f34TaQmq|k6oMihiNAL~(*A*07c#O5g=P!owKJPIPrU0RvW5a*Lux7O zv!do!=uVu!Cqqj9 z5SRBKyj-lg!N&Tu3kn?T!x?uxZrAGs3Q)&%wdVLHBY;uf=gYHHL8+=sj=Zlbv;J&SGn-)NZAeI z++x0MJ(n3pHOfYz773G*Cr2~5LFlSg|10U(iu?77YH4@( z>XjK-53rv1$rXN46Ie&^#11g|_A<-L^u%9Ib2ZA)Tp405dW_eMBuP{D6VWZHqWe>f zmycb*7uj2XYFaQppLav5HIUOnIlhQs9olEq z4X$dMvzd}-hl1+H&-sKpMcGOYT5_$_B+(pjI3|~@ZhnTGc#w({idNBPq2%cLMLHBfr?1ft;>V`zU%b{4-o3M-%-AaAr`?bs4Dfg`;+m5o z3>s8oNy@0yp6<$ZF+{x52Ba-bjte2=;q}s7;eOf!6x=9oT z_Ugx=Bjs;dR_wFw6lQa z>UXP~@Shtm*rvlx?qwx%5&*PLl^3qj*@s!DI8mA7i`iH2#cMn&H%p1frk{O)Qs`ed za84FMDv9Cz9OA}_lfDLYjD~0++ArV)2kGKE_TMcZicazAmm0qy0?j@K`4QrrE=e@F z<<(r6h#wjM-^6_Ryd!Zu=$FqvFB9y{U*eh2B9i4*u>CfX5rQdVhu_h@{?HMB-Ijd} zoRr50Shq=|`<(@^;8Hr97>)N}yH$?yz7e2PlX*u$yjVQWYRx^Z5J{l?sPu-BuCsSj zE~D*5-CB?&ng-&GC`ff7wbn7s6#kw%2!=qTgZwz{ECXZrodtt!`5L`FK-8|^n&2xQ zuqEY`z-+xtYp~6h26140wb^pZrc7{WJ^jQmSkNc z#`w}>$~0`mi_9h$t>Bo6CMJgH8(o8q7XEAQLl@Z!IT;nOFU#c;V$Arfvu!{K`!el+ zuU>E7iX(gF-)=p+k@DJ^{?eC?PVMNw2B0Q)eS3HZCXCCb_|@5DOCEW?CxqMB zntYAP8Dlo?M$=R>Vop2CIiC&6gbQx=vkS5%sm<&h@*Tcl@&8M=LAiJV{EmV1 z?$>)02ejS#Ry@#I&o_HHo+&*@xp)e!_&%E1yiIUqkFn2Z!>LzG8SRZ;7DK-jVO=0L zhyYHn6FLPmh^H4V&QYkj=Y?E11w za2gt5+X^=!j=k`|C!y^~=OU1A;|*0z4QT@QTgN+{Hf3<OdD|{cn)s^u`#gc zpN`QgiVxxLL|oM|WaY54Tf(mFtzFCmW@o{dyfP&!53ggGHOe-t4axbfgBx%vG^$E2 zaM@3&lM&X;+9Owl+AxP((fAN(NBbMrVs7Gwf5d;%D zipi)|8-4Tp7s_sgcCq|&&im0^&O<#Tpk*~QBVg*SOTL~@v7f01oevSAR#&NSSPM(U z4_2?d?tgE$-s)piHVJ9uxXIWqOt<3ADe~^jS4lT)~KK1f#`1Me1VSGVj==7-F-(7bcA@Qm+ATGS{+ur9~G05LIrmfra`9x7TrhK$I`_4+8(t8jQ2M zOb)-fv_TOG5mizFQKb-k(4Sl&U=72q;b9v}P?V&zOV8Pw$P0dqFWSL~2->9}5Tl57 zZ2DA^Gl0uWv!Yg`T{gJ}lG4owoe)lcyQj8E$dRga0+??b{V)-3QD{y7q4d z;g32ux%y><3nl22H^hIhBv9-x6f_N!JgIX3^&ZIE+eJizDHeQY(!>?jb1k93RA~KR z7sNrR*GQ20u|K&-NK?;*b}Fh8Ej|&L^*y zt{Gyo)aUJ#gi#17by(PIYHKAE=<1KC_@9sgSNp2`g-2nzp9G5|o;F7Wg%uxcKkz)c zif7OFS#DFM4DYzv?s|#V{PyDFC)U9*)iE>zFV^(YN-%6x(mkwO{RemMQHF4_`D%@V zMPqjM!d51qnCI21@G2!g-7914c@{opB`hV`kEb-0T9Jfk$q~LT(eDG1fO%dhUv)HHCm!&#VIJzXTgUOrJ)Q)+`uVd2I8Gzyt;3=`T z;(lw;Ij)l&+ic7XXt5X$KY_Fv>u@Y$0!(A%qsY2t@2uzu$MG$z^)Qc|K^1=iXU^{2 zj&1&w0lD)p`_=o1aiqimEbPbYglkX*I?S`eapLUE95_7@J3p@DF!loGXq5S|j%C`T z=$e^6h3zNxI(F=u8TqxYRDdiM!K0U=qpVY4Dhjq5@y7ALj^WV=Xhf7-7n6!q?(zdz z5s6^4v2~&`^w5l)`-u`?tvT&qg#=8L{qtH0&XVq}tKu&U?_SeZzY1s`MDi`rubWIF z{df0-%gSb&LS+*0@ZG3!w9S?+WOjL&(vB^R`C()a!RM zq+{ZLdQX_ubbeT8`o1ZPRZzH8ndq~cNU5}#B7>Z;(OBAnJ_VxWrQ9X$uqewIpjt_Q z#!RB+s5FBO;+)=pH|tryM0X?t3Q#>_giZb9g2RglR5S}WFZ*x{*YS)22C!xAQWVv8 ze_P2_DIFx7CSN0-O-bC6t{c{%-yMDOFo)mZSe#A^APaQ;$VKX^i>|Kuz9IM!M)#lm ze^CedV~gvUECoG1k@O-PIg|M2_esq4V!v|)Oo@+YZ21p=*<~>(xxX_D`{)FIkM-_2 z1}+0h0b=@2M(A#QVF~d2jA+m$`gl<`F7Yx*d%Jee^QjF&O53n%`93ON)!2irQRX}P zA-IZXgzj5n2_~tx(l0>ofQSuA*s_h5Cf*p+&L+Oq4k1tGhs5=64t6}aX35fZ<+NxZ zK`>Aa&66ook$J>Nk$Hkph^lXR+t>65qM28Bf z`V!g426y^|Lf4bH3=^1%bLhXLD62w$;`Ex8Q&7mftxqI8VJH~sbSxZKJh9|9?5@rT)&i*vJ@9KlRVUe986<5C7-wCsP zkKV#^Z99lJr`wIu!jW&K6nIin28qM#zj%0GYpyN`i*&CK;Ti)#PoxC4k;~azX_NZC`g}2RWdfca1WM(8XT>*NA63lzp38{8kp`;_v^UMvPI${~{_IqlI>$OC z%m%qy&aPquicmM;M74_8ruHcLL$EQ8gURT3f@Eds}l1-5~ zfhL_^n@7wAdpyc8tOEkttfa%p(6K%HUzM8{!a5ZVAET{VVrYT%zbqv>6BQ__VzQp) zb=~rK2MSkmoLP{KQ`y#4Okr|`-=^o*AyRG;xD*W#PJZXj!5a*PrL;xUDHuE=i35NtaCi)@@u6Z5u9@9kZk`sYayJf4I<; zF+SwKbZdxH!wgo2fwg(U^Dh^*N(Eg0v=w;sii%qdBG=Fc=by=|qIf;j?M2qk1{HH! zayVW?zyCP+^pe+wkAjbt)2Ld_$Kc)GSAdE~y7f~j22th0FaGL$muOOKUOJ5SBkSWt z8%EjuE1QqUu{@YWKC)tMz^rO-tsC~If>zN`xZo?d-1Jw|ivspN4+B$+M7(ee8-e$O zSO}uhq=keRWLhg_|LnpX)xMHSkELE*AiNh|hCn;3+x2#l0VFQjadS}=xu=^YtzYLq zvJr?i`2U`;xNtW#fWvj5aR}ra55UN_ zme9H9Z9_=sqEL}^qQ-*qh!Wti8V#=IWZPC&Z^bGBkZJxg+|^#sr5Zx%TT`#jW@B)Z z%9m$Eymc-PpgU7g;l`^-s^vcg0y*S32Vw0OS|GtVS3Smi>X%C0BAQj*%XZ{ECeT{G zzk%{?$lx4OizF!*b-y)aIYs%GOu=npAN^j`4)F8AR7Jb|wJW)porLG654@mex7Bmj zRjbrLrE_f`g0Zv;B{_P)cZ#}Qe+h`sWLfkmLxYDTz*yuFKauR-OPQ$@-8vv-6X#61 zlJ-g3S^jsLq$ozQXoHq%oMc9%$SHiN{GY1yUzZTrGZ!_g%mmYKTP|9ZlfqGUJEaYq zB2mPPIrFHV058|u8-Mm!>%BCv^JW-KG+0@zj-FU189y=GA5!;&JnrWS1FIMUe9MXH zwXBUzt(xM}O{7X7U1n5WO|l`^hx3-iAAp!oW0gvJb$) z*E-!UB8uSwLt)RV>yh&O_sejbg4wp|pv_Tho-@kWQAwDLP3U(IRY{LWJqgS>3PPL{ z+ z{>l{CJ+nW9r|Ea3u$8AaM)0@y!rJtC(!^IHYm!j#Vi+&?73O4Y_?sD;c2vUm7V!JRMG+zr z?*w%C0%>~99+)|`@aL@`(!s^eF^X`iw~OXzaH76@Hz%II(Ibwq9K>1( z8>p1+El4(bl-Yv|m&{L@31DbB-G4c0-P3;= z#VOrhuYwqIpFsVJcGhdvtN<3VxLC;(iVnBOQ<0*apFfXO!1o8?p=7~T&B=;z=g%L! zuueCO3gGhap*#h6P?PRyzuP=*;2kX=Le6Pjqhou?1H<`ZZX3M*5p-n2ojfi(`5RJq zyt)O@kt2#!bi){kxt5#_5(kf>i9NiO{@S3hL*1Y+_yas$B|n6NvWCdx8tZK~tPgd( zK~L=96zV_VJ5mQwTgc2?F+>2MRaw}TLop*Ag;5L#}$3E(i;n$Hq842 z_-+1|;^?1y3W!cq1f_HRov+$vhsJKyA}$f^TNQQ#iJwAzwN{l)-`?5mwDa`1V|O3^ zR08MX#YAREq zmlxXQ05;5fZR8R%7-vqr!)gb4w{Q3jtq_Ugr(r^T)lbeM!*fXHaHzDX!p7b9e?tfE zm3RmNutU+}!Qde*qBoU>{7+9f@DVm_I97c$W|cSUd|#h1O#QHs!@q2n$jc*(j9A&+ zdZE!jiNYLtKW_NOkBAFJPS~T;g@42fM%~Yu3`Nej8)m_7Q3yp&UC3?NL~c`#d>?0U zHa`VakA`4DK(-o3=i%{<4!fh)#^lk*2k0Er9=(50KE1k9_i$I0=;mO3ieGopOF;uInYzjRM^N? zzCXexdvM2e_f9Y|4KOTetC72}N!ffS0^OgGU=D=0DP6L8UF4J>iFM5nmb<401`e zO+&*75B_u9Ede!SqI&JYgmpe&&tqbFUC>K%X$ry1_(B|qN;m+Mdre2M1Y+rR6lP%W zd>yubhma|mNC8C*LwK;%ve^ZFo9D-y{AO7L<-o$;a!bL|6R>4$zBC1{L+Nwg1>UPss-eu8rs6iYT${CUj;8RX3OvsbeU%9u?^P8?AosG*A#z**mP*h zLwUTP0p0dfj#TrlO)tUjja^lW>|gjiLH`D69S}FBG)&(9wcQFGttYzb)1N4kRQwq} zOHAAss}PkjYv6S5>ZQh2<$YFl4EyJpiz*Y02eF>6OdkZWSlb`|(AdXc`u; zF5dD_0p$G$yyYai$qvWeqnnp={8E&5MNr!rLg-ni&k;L5CY)ct7*u9qDpD^GK0CCo z?)V-5`JyPh%dGO=aXjN@kTQdgDRJbeVEcm~_r6CRo!GJPfv)({o)p1U-KI3n4_h3` z<9+h2>tpMMnZrbBe7vXfBzLB!ek9e_YZY4JGa=h#yW}l-d8ZnE_A!S#<#i8deCQ3i zKU>0huX&ywnt*KYUhz}9I*KIwYjVZ|_&i!?b_LS0OGlS^8oCv3BNyq(L6(`9L-n~^ zwii#frLeyxdyA}5mZ7Uq_n$l+-AvdPY;L=h*$9%Mu7P3z0zlKoXe~85=QC+jF?ZcYhn^Y zLTwzao|~ub0~(j#Nz%_(H|J0tgT)3;%#C7ocu8cYn28qrVN2z+s!5`=+HAPz_Lu)^ zXtld?Sv5TqN@z+ADXZnTTpCUP^@Ct-9absYD?uv?4JVsOr!2`kR5R~q6vL@<1p+b0vbm8clX}h! zV>*02olI^7*}tdp^u&EF`*3*8E8q%`mY2@T?^KR9 zfq$`B?=JxY>=4tz(Aw!Q2+;a4P2Od+?{^;gF&m>Yc~oWYSgl+T;M?aucqt_b0c058 z)O22{CL^66n}v5@iIFr|`Evr^{m`#;6OU`6*+9CM-T0qN>Zg)rOZop>mj45e-we=SB z)0((M!0qwX)z#*|Y*kez5R-Po0hw4#xSk^}maaftjV*5)b`lWc-oLwUhUODbP?p}i z1soq9*w(jn!9@wSAlLHQV89i-jp3LP;zB6-`~KS6S@`<;e);0tp6XT^hy!K)*D+*_ z<~*d%+A8}a(#j;W!8hSxqE zQv6Sx$S`)<&i`~WdvbD{Wku|M4INOo_f>|LVM%?V`@lCP?!sfa8SjjHNy>Nm(7{`m z+X2j!c#~a~)B@sRC3a8Dee2H&p5rl?8~QT3o$!D##IB!>RqUs9%Db8{DZvCZ{RP=qe{HUfe@gi;GpJ_5Hpc^at)fzcSXSPJ!JT1|M)bjo|y*&NP_)91@BESCIlwijyMG`$JUN zp19BTTsR9l%;KJD!&mM+_4MlLyn!qrd{1uRyfMNh2ZBPEJ{*e-5P9?PHT(XE@Royq z&AUAfvW%J%-qBI5f7-Qv^8^KK+ov@*fut-8h+~2Xb2(3!}p!V zJ@_cj;p^9>Pez503_&0gUs5h$T{I0uEMBhbJLd=2OSTX$Ocs<{KpaiK{jxS*PqF5I zv&-WFxl2Zzf7JFp$1zP0?^fSi{d*j{KLD*jO!`g19R1&i27G=5`!w%+AwEsC!@3Xmz@!4k7-TjWXk{xQM#MvscfJV&mPg=_pFNnJW zpLehQpR=(NRdbkxiAe%+tjVOXv*cdxP-!`@{t1Aw{-CD*Cpjt#){r6d{X5>mS@fx@ zlpWY%I9JLJBoXu5yXhl@3Fm~{>pj}MN4F3oPJGwj$f@1ZC(^mA$pOr0Mw}_%Y|e~* z(sjoLp&Z#N18&(vUj13b{||KX9Cp^Ywe={LY{96u%_bk*QuarH3H-gZG{iJ8ZXZXn zwNysu_vgj0eFWdfVJu0K=JUiN3Y&2u8E!t`6~2*~Q~F9DQ@wbvd9Qn~X`#ZB91x%H z0&5@-#3*5;p3#r}`?sfJO>FNz<|kU%zVJ{7Yl_X~cgBc&Uv}D^LB@7-HV*pE7o6 z)vqShuqvX%#qf+Vdr0m35as%{HL|-q>@UoeIj&xbj$W0{fzfkQTE7M`d|Y;_dbY-g zn;7Xl8t*h(F&cSZ`}VROgn{yc`p$OBaFFo&H7wC})iEFu|0I+P>=kb9ZLD~zFy~b< z*F8sEYo|q5Ut$-N$r4$ivF059+qaH;hvS!N+IMQaWD?`<$?w-~Lrk>MZ;dqryxLvm zrW`~(uN~f&+J3jE;`+$}0vkBZ#cFP9CiAbc4mSR(phl$&p@w;zWcAVGpHki#+F`R5 zBC2){_>k^&%qa{~DnQ;-WG@Hu{r7Uafnch2-f);1Q49b{b6puf{8}x^snHat%?5Nn z*HmDs(s7OCFqs~pp(r&VAY_*&!ku%m1$SLgq7vTSEx;BK_G(8u8G&_if9K1KqyT5B zgk9;5;#Yi#_w~625*y^NI$IX2(x~~!fEV1I{FHkpMqh|ec7zMQPCE|v{essBcZ_P0 zT8TDX({fjAx22!g@2;rgo#6U59(1hpix?FtCk9$xH!aW$GEe+ z4#CQY3w&MOBhGhZU)%}wtvhmQg}{`o3H{jDNC*=)M-lfzP4~3#HWM31LKl4%#(*uX6nq18lH8*%#Sw)+H<}O8YT^_a%}g0Jbmu!>N=uDbi(F@ zH}60?LFK9;!u>n|M~`{3!)%f~PtL;(Nh+VEOkw^kR)pfwrxRnV>7eR*zHG+b8gO@8 zON)Z{0egFf3_Q%2QY9xWIx~xPC-Ju^pvB{4{L7mFyxHM@ru-^dxtUjjr~zURil8VR zY#FtQc1Hk~=@wA%TeAj~GbvOzKi{iRzkYh}(EyGso}^RY?#|$Jw6zX{5j%>uK1VNt zH?yz<)>D72+r)C{-6Iw;ptoo+^?YYLnw%NR=5~qN6sd-y1K?&fviEL3m|dUzXjh20 z&P#?#0tR~ooYp(P-CyjCOSqh4eGIg3o3!!{G!;<4_sSu0n_ZM2qelIjbwI^g*+(RW zmzuU@ukoW-du2>;IRrM5m*im$ReR2MAq!`eCQ(i`d|ct{(xytB9z#OQBexAwy*-WcNPNrb6As@C~bk5aF zz-d(~MQ>68`RE8qcCDd9w3TDcbB4sKljA{^PWBoi$N1^DanFrXxWNAe&Z4d!?`@2~ z38KMteFe>~vc~MSEKWY=rP||8uCS@omVYGzoQ~(V5`To1Pxsw`6lQe8Sr+`unGyy- zL?6tMS?3|&suF))OJfB8Pt@~y2}c~FqY08+UFL6inm#S!j2_gRTJdIbMl|Yx#b<0N zf3}KzI1(d@mUP69NOX={|4l^DKn=2di$uCZ^uD)qZCxF?N(O=5m$yGzmtVx|>t3PW zvr$^oc(yRR-NaxUBcK0(xdpJ{(bK%*waVhz-)!h;8%S?ZbHMkzea6r-FWimDb6rOPY$I z&x=7;Au5@1D@k!>B`T@d3gNiT2(%$PB-{U9Fz+|3%nhh1$7zN7qJ)fiy`Fp=yj2|+ z^X@HI z*I=GBdPcehj5YO^PwkAHF#hRG+@yE?`bdDVUByYf z<*OT|QjzRvDvm|gMopUyA%Ngu98aXE<0Tt^=SPyvQj_(O2d7|?Zj@7$p6lZb0z;bx z<1L|Fgc>TDblwaSpn&2x`r{Zwk;(6L>cd8lXI0AP?ZX=%v5}&~C$!ts$~+QQN$4%7 zgWv0gpoEji%7nmGUMRu^W$8H{^$Y698WI-bf}2=o$1;f1{({WO4#o-&6^r~hrAZ9V z-=(R@L~VY(_zb_1CWQQ?akq){PHo=(j~ZjIIN{bbXWXu6S(#C`ibDK~1ulRUcfZPK zi40WlW^mxe*Ii$vQeQ+4`;DB;)5+rca?>izpkb^w`M$nf7Cd4`rHzway!-j@b_0jq z?*$FaxS(k=kzjbYVCv%F((_|?6{+PPC;0=1)MF2ffl7S+A z5#hyhyFTddM55B@ap2R&qh6~S6kbWDu#TI)uAKYU{$T+RO+n3@`jl^mBG)b))MPhH zpG=R=cGL|J3tSWWq)(>5WDT;Wb)qzUZd!LZsdoF+w0!bOLojuO{mmpj4~~l5W{b7= z{_`}Sq0;bpr@Ls8FARtKXHn46(#9itnOeaq$jT`hV8Xvc?jJ=8AN6Y6E@~mbFvwqh zS0-q0S{nkXMGI4$a3uUHMJJ413Rl!(h#k@C-yYQ&?i?nmy~KoAacmpV(na#4@kk?t zg1qtpIoh?UIW76PNmm@lqT3p9rEVQWFmQAvxkR(qwF~eJ*uc5ir5ik*K!|fj^2Q+f zeTZ;n{;f)f6$rR4`qKGi{Cw^t%0G~cNwFG$#^9NC%6M<<_er!4*puH=@fIzSO(?MDW?vLe)v}_3JtZf-uAD% zyT<-C`g~awyXpFVgQsC>#bEkpoJH5p#hB56oI|N}?^AZ9A|@=ez;hJ9Thz~*VRl1o zCCaV4e+q*Kh|AuvO-es=V9D6Pau}o2tX?Or4r4r1P)_kbP~az{%DZ3#%8`pR)PFYG zP%yn3q`(fR;5XdQILjg}MF)*aBTTjIDSNn0vZ(*itPigs)_A1(2SMu^mkp@7SHkRE zQRN2Fu~GfWxoL!>ov{c#3>!iE6~NOlWt74OpJ0`*>~QfiCM~FG!wV*jl-!2I%YOuQ@`ga}Rng&Dj~ zmb$b4C~ywHLbvT2n%9q*5{{u=8meoPx)kAKh;J)+)MJYc$4ks1+;D#F<>-(+>f--t z? Hy<7tS2J-x^b6`sVk_kuTduaio+K4uq&_*(G11iOuA2*z*gsSi9z`84 z*Iie*nIQrWc5eNwhsW)-ApGZ!X4jX@) zU5+Ef`stlOD#0EQo4N;#R(rF>JX~+-9x|H`^l-ge$ z-J$mGBmKj|HC7IMw{$1Mzc|not|ul;2p&ZgAfe;s?I4Zp)lQ3$^?z*VCy1U^)`1d%QD5ELn`W4=2tb3)mOoqzLFb#P z?;C7`ie|)9-P+WNO=+wJ!qamf#4iV@rsDdj}Ak8#4R7(*p zOY5w1E)e&f#|p|W)%d5sDvJ*dfv)}wt0K;Oro3ibS=>8ep+}!(XvQH0>4Em1f>D{ z=$RROj(8aa(`*_CRbf#^K5|4@)w~)2GxEV3KA)K&!w3i1LbGI9yvb1WYdN;bGP;hR z{Z`vvwhr9fd?^UmFd3=sPv>;G?%Q@k)%>@c z+iX}$s?K`Wlr!GZ^yNLOuNbbijBE}AQ?lD+o@0gGP3Gr%iyb!tU1{tY_2fixq9)Vv z(|=6u8?e>QBLXzydAK8*)~y=H{6UKL1j!Aw+bq%{8$*zdcJOZM)62AyAbAk%yLx6& zC1Qe7A2pFZ^=#XA&mR4UKz>KGQlVnyAIH}9PKp2FYIH7>=Qx+YYvKepYBh<__9Kvd z?$k`%*XLXT0?Zo3>}Ixqh?tm_7iV~^1kgQwc#GY2Ws9lJ7mGWzMhZgrXgv5NRYOpU z%C>q(b7mAmlJ_U<4+R2yJ=Jl=zM^{f@YBHi(4Wf{Vp*CI9_gcVk!0n$S;n7qiXG(Z zeOm+o8$Dkin@RL8d-(Q?}ZOc-^Bfe_Sk< zX`b>!7E9rhiC06}fgzzsGlkAN+QlYWh22MB_qawz&~`rk+DD9-##b6Im=>4S0RDZ@ zEQ0Bv9foHJ3k@fI+i4HbRvy>LQFU>~`!?JGPbWe?UFECo4rl?{-QPn8zG}Ypwew}Ce*Fn$tl|!+!+qG)cn@w)gX^lJLaUjA>U1p<%^UmTf2@>XeA+ugli9{f(dKf z9jduK>)73K!NeTV4lwyg`sAYhHg$Tq&3-;cZ8z=UyF9yjOJ;%=HAYYPf(v&#QX47# z#t%%p2jAgW&MrLcjIui^p+XyY`CBFNxVS!!A?em}y<3MW z)MPj^x?&=`=K5vi$n!M&@ekG;-6X@;F`XU%JA_TpbXsA4g8SR8Cl_oL84mILU_|iy zeYU0mFDK8plM{v?ldgMgYBE)j?a;!)05H;LTbYDYt7)K8vm}uvy`r*NxEW&T_)m+$ z?kydX2|l8kToK0emvbbD+F6{DB8B1u8DG*Ka>e2tQWm4di#&dRn&Iy*s_j7*OA<8v zPONR`A|hmaU(GD41$l`-I3akRC-gwN0!m%9)B@$zz@3m-$a}8{qLZO304>90Ef9C* z!MWNV?e$?}RfjlmUu5fqd?kprNcU|rcfpcMIzHMQhARBK?cc^P=Z@R2%|Z`#jLz>? ziedZuxyiSYdGkDBGI2IUc9R5}7foi;T_e$E#~KoOd(=# zt`GmvOMsU5PKT*jqcU!I(xpd;`n;Loy#nvzl|3fT_dsk%x{4AZ=c-Sf(3;r1)O`4l z2l5zQ35#9T3KJ))je(%Kg@1QMEC%r9V|ztRu#j!O$cvLrXQWT@BGXR@7zqFUciN*s zvF78J8pvT1aEC&BKKcf%SbWpa*Nf#ZouY0y3x7 z{wIt4?PM9Ryj(6Sg|gwfxZZM!$^=IuHPNBk`2N~_YxgDr`473lbof^y3u{PQ8JvK7Im|(J+&?w?2Ys5JEq8T zz=~bQ(W#b$AX~ZF_h-HT;B2>9Oyv_>E3}26-Prj{=sCm~ANODAfFiH!^OM&3aO}JK zOfh@|`cuYgaR&ypeA$2b*(hC6>rk2y z=ZGS^gD(Mn+u1I{s5El{3QC=yGrs7nrgm;Qlg2hY=XB)d$(yBV8-v!)4TvYVF-U2YXU17`ReVQ zdx<%hMNIsRCLXlr`>@g^?6}x`J{kNtek$JXdwY;zA;*X`DJg8XV-XrO|7Ta7zcGBn zJ6auYD~$2!0J|h&)GN2e3EkEEv+(q>X0BwfdQya?*1&WVtzy{Q*4pac4`FD%Aw)uD z;;Y~)jjjN&`**o6P$@mou8}Ax+(PSG`eejR=7sL-O`;A^_ zo8hz2y0o9=)Z%tLxtZa?pfc1#b(yF|=v5N26PY>YV^k+Bo2gRMr+1ToY|jzuQ9+@U zMRL;~!>NPftqxVryqBU9id4uPbtp=q+9!b0n@5NCq;Z&L!F`2uL?t|~)J$IbD@clv z=u1wNYW@575N;7cPh%L+bI9kapZyD`&|@4ak2&| zhfqHGdVLw8)X)?N5$kHm95V>D=F~M9cw2?St=Y$|N1%{$e#Hx(%i;yrU2!0dXu;Ce z&)k4oU|6?V?()SD7=AG`srYdWVDkR7YjOR zsO1WunK}M{!#W5C@(iNz^buxUtAWAng@dE}1hf-uzaCercj&c}uzk2oYAt8Lj&p~{ zA+5%t(e^e#qf}&;h)W3l2p|I{ugWQ;GI!wlNH}KWj)UcW`Qm)Gl7xXt`&y|jncbrZ zzp+?mdYWc4ubneAGrcT}?4?iM>T&iDw`V$*tO28ZCO;@88BavHzgC?bKA0F9ytB7M zS7JO-5GR9h&NeI0%bb#oepisGpndKZ z8;|%gun#Zo9iIcwKa{-{QufEl2i&1%beES?7;Vr)2OL*S5~1rU1)WA~5qBThHJy^? z2ao`&4M)ZIoMti2R9tPd?^@zQK7Iar^6%&Fm*0`J@qDelP7jdQF$@-rMHM>sFTv=T zqk_!trpwz0ykJw*J*!$-jnOyKwtLpU@hP(@#s7v@7m&(kPFy|FbAHIammWSr{!sB^ z$h&A2BES3PqokLYA$;Y2$hp~z(Ztz(U#&36YnLUpzEyzZkPntE%m(TVC=nj{85$+&={M}=?A)n&1Kdzq}tCd2t<(J>Iamu+w#mr0glj^4GHpf;Q z)%i5KRz(#fES5xL7WEh7&PP2**;S4Z93iUVE9i=QsstIi9v_kO>)d+G5c*UtE zvG1?@=OvmREkMZrDbC@$c^(;?v!fq+98I0t4fYy=`XNGf%)BA#{`&8v^P2g$n|_Uz zGXm-Vmm2kxwOsmA3`KKGfV=b6g)B7d6< zuv@G zz|%pt$}+ZH0g7ZD&qf~W$ZbdpchY;}WfCIA=JP^y@#KYivuS4(L|g(QwD8$J2?j@r zP;gFi7_mt-T2MKNiobC=lk;T@tJ1K~^gF8n7U#kr5RhLhflejgkB++U*x1&zJP1Fr zGYLnUG4N+68zd0}^OUeuLyIKE=u{#d^XKFxdtpiZ(;Vtg`gZ)aHE*zm5)&Kx7qwH7 zfEcTpwd&Mc)w?_$ClizZKg54A`&m*oxKG!DowN%8h_0{W6}Zirz3jD2n+pUId$V?D z>)+PVw&%WtO6QIRb{S#az~cTLs@zgkC?Ir*!9yk8932Rf|B?!B9ITESrARi0wf0yM z>y{#3-kWBn;ntXPn(XUtpgOh(+|xEnN|zeYOKMEdyj<9rS=7MGlqAWHQf8o@x}XHY zi<%m&d>kMU{C@9e{>DpLLPwZM77PglF7LeqdO^)N}mi`F{ z&3ch;jor4b$H>Z9WAnD$DJ*|mh=VhJSIjriwkt^)AtWAhn!>^u$e{;-lU6Q(X|djC zD(`pLX|sL&&tuuBpq`9LlJH;(U`nGQPVio;|I`D)hHmJ6OHhO9>Yv0Ym$Tjm6_7(s z`2A1n4Ma8rAjclWWjFu)QXEejh8l$Syt@)eubV-7ck;9LG8)S0=Hr9;ylo(@JUs)J41Mm0NzXHZ#_6Vsr<9+&BJCVuGM`%&+AeZR)=Uhu zl|n!E?c zx)XXUg4SZ&^bL}l&TO2alv*mz2$^%rZ&g7D*FL0D1XZP!G5-j9&#rksg9xn*7~>eO zG+`PC{%}3iI(=*t#qgq?=|5*>`-J{o!Q}cR<+&RDOm{a)siHRgn_sAHIZQqCKSViT zkJDt6UH}8UcYg45`BtHwB5J+w(a(J??_2x`FQA)1xXQ8TwOqPMVS>-Y^P25K@bAx=y7!jKK0jrh{ZB6IC0+pcMC4*PgeQTGIUFcq{bXB`m|@rIO5s@Nq$rO>p^eC?p*4nus7l%1Gf+WO4Yu9^doL)YH;Voi$wcqQ4xUQIZi*{!WUp>44vy?M5s^8t z{)G%{_s%x>Xx;?&o-;1XKZ<1T?Df|Jt$qmg*lyWa<2qU&Sf)PU7CKMWRTHo@q7RN; zTG$5Wd={&#BtAD^Y{*mp(6PWU{o~e#h0-NUI0LIgGU|vcLJd-c`?v8jDyQ1r$~T$w z0hcGlr&5pc!1j#k+i->t2EYH~^Ooi0jI*#f`<8V#rw@eeR)lu@9#cz(5oBQ@pVZ88 zb`F`qF<$j46boFL8}Y)m{kzt*9*U-!b$=Ty#*e|l=aSULA3o*L07Wd`sC=&a?k%5P z{VtOWrR)S^esA2!al(LD(|3yjRYoFa5!}J#$B{x-1K3{xkYdl_# zG^y+Hp2gzXgPN*eN9iohSK3-W?4}gdieybXV<3T2uAuAi;M|wPhLn7+^d-@TN6t8Z zbVLCx5mkmj)lG>WmFMf4=amaGQdMh4Wk=wq)DL)RR~K?>K7atNiUAcNAv&>hOwBI` z6zhIZ2bvYv;Q=mn)uvy;Q|uta)3+}|sNqG-7ojaTXNA3wE0WZ8v>41@dO*P%+k29- z+xVQrozac=3$UWpmPd16ueB1AKe06p-I#EG#t)aqt3AOG7)ysD51IQ^6gGOYb705U zak~N~f%3F&H}ojpK0Bx!AA_>$e}ohPFPAUPTdUKpUR{bvmpARR%!Z1jFs!h%uT=-4 z*l-Fi6@K-2gG&yZH_NWsxIQWCwmv{%Y@8DqdiTLpa-Nqf0kz>hyJEWGdIhJ9wK~;`&o7_2LhP}6|r`>zcyD>}!{byrtcYhSOAarW zt1!u#n}N_Fm*bHbJ8#dScV)*oxHgL>Zr&X*uet`VV}5Vd*AUSY(?6Radu-j;;TsWo zhtlkVFk;X;*Z4L+!Ir%HC$hCBVq(MXG2PEnDOZ{^ZX;$u^26~akaryZD7hBtopNXd zE>NI(Qj|mm3-*R?#-5%6dEcqQp(*D+M|0}*sHbGwcbDVc*^g~-C^EE$MaxI+#JOe0 z5!l==(q`jhl7%wt9yL)iRx-!6MT6&jQu);%g!N0AU)TY`h17l}3MOUt;YRVSZ1XMe z0}}eUpZlX*`GJBj#iq7M9Y;h|VaxR@40N~pUL6fd2 zow@rX!Zv@vvF!EP%4EXQ&opSis^K=_cvSBm-FBz_1wbQrjuEB!Lu^#%a9{UYZMB)s zEq!-E9Gs{q@Y!#a7EsS^<25?m*%&-Q1A8)r-`$_AFcsYGlS{2rM^fDHW{}da!A2>- zft_@u(E~ExwL$nWtm$5hKl^8jppX2;=}UVK(zsa?mVLn2U2B$F!(T?Ha?^q_#+V8^ z4Yk~Xa@g z4u}h>b(A3K|0(td&ooRbtWG+Y(+~uX0o~?b5L3|G<{<#<4cRos~SqMb?$2!jLulaph#8z*r`g?oHDm$x< z>BUm+tl(0l_7)Js3n4Hik==OEg9-p~IjJ#gn3N{$e|CNh{KHL?1|@f8PHzR_hQ-dw z|GAOUw8x;$Gnrh*gGqB&j+9ohsc1REWv#vdPcse(L4*@Lfl#W)P)j7g|0*N{j!ZIO zu%{SFKroaa{}pHC+4eqN<^Dkig1M38O$g)B6mv-OD;a2>tN{eKjRwZfCI~sp#yw;k zr8CBg3K%+L2}gU}!}*oVu|6_QD4P}5(0ZVi*gpQX7QH(Z6V+$}+aOW1rPLx!DkT4P zF3ER{wTXF#N(w@P#|iq$E}Uqo)_mk9A$a zrH`UQ!8-3oRuXv&rTaVaa@hFI4#6o^{K>m^WiyobzjWG6zaFtKLwCg=u60R#``Rr7 z_FqDYW};RF-8^3kEv?%=o^*-kB0pv7%WiAD8~hlzYiDS;5Md15z}@&3E{~Z%ed=pn zan>X{zgb;9miSuZ7A>A4(JSJ@B-dn3k=BN>4>@#pmorr>B+^&bJW4Rn{CAi%A#+DQ z45<_L=ZIG@&ZAS7d>ihe=U{1(^T~|4;831=5%h7MQAgIads5_5E>eS zYDnHloj-yd@S)3wA14f#enhsi9v95`@a6=QR)o(As3FGB`e=VZlSmzYo>m%hfwf`P zpaGDXb59nYhVx*s#2K9I7S_=a^E0&~`NgX7guu8h+`Ek7}z z@3+UnIOeGs4c ze#-^-slmz@areuRXr>IeP?WU?(#St!u*o_1OU#4_=<- zTRV)o5`5}|I=}ORUJwsopY0S##@~BPJaU;H($okyna?$4fP zelOmr8ZO2s*hXdS`OXf_ofRKS-{~`eal{Ndh0jno=>Z`hUICl<6yd}YhLaFP%ie!9 zF9?F6W@q?k%%I-amH>>eRJlTetVqV$xQx1ByedZY{h4TY4L|3ki9bXNslo#>C@)@s zF~lNI`k6!OKI2`~g}CK)jqHf^Ltl~Sm;M?eyOeoppyxi|8(|R3>%3{C%LjYz$p?BU zf|JWmpw}YC<VT{imZ z?8LgQA951ZnTOmJsSiHWzGTnZgBA#bEnwX?nxPl{`mNu;T=PScN8KpZuJ_3R{|_;! zSyRUrL}oq_C}Hn@M!bFPmXMYxk|%W|2tFfcpO*vuspJqldD~~R{L!jminxbp$ipui zmf4{8+Bo8uuB9Zpeb;SkRA-T9wtWd1n!holD7&29@>GNxCZ-c{1r~j$4QKlrL|{fsUkQcrE5Bn= zB_-mFvIPDoCd_F{QK?UcX40SG#_AQF-1}PC9g{kx(o?w&MLqY9=c;hi+XOebWrnB> z)d(x-Zqs?MK9X-ZiMR`Mo6bGRx+b#gYLxoLRBYM{8z2n91bn%ubRZne55-_%RA_e* zoJ65xp-x!T7}l{#!mOhwA4eG3zLI9F?5V>9!6c=VN6aCMpXIY2LAq(g#c-KYA*5#M zheWH4&XX7>Q5hUGRQ7ZtGpmTH2 zG+`T7E|Q{D!y;xuI%A7o=p0%S>K^4Dq2vv55ot>GX%5?O`GDLUNZc6MRD9Oi2S-Kb=O{WJPiuJsvkif>({FDirGkk$$Rg@ zx<@%r5|HUQSHOU6P;CGqjKdNkhpZQ*Rhj@qb}87ahz;{~l`a57#S&Qw>av&z9V&4) zVHy76L+8xMS~e#1sauffE#!uVx zA6d+9p#E_JjlIEH8{Dt{p6u+I7sO?g0`M;bl9J@G z({9&$SDMR$kkg1Z3tnE2iL?rmf}^u)0EToA$yyS#;ABeM;r)38Ze_jDGkz0Wg9lTG z*(s7M8rK@8hMU@ObK~B&OBY#S`7Ow`AINZz3q%A^JabD83@ggeGF9YOQ)M^QoTS`4 ziHqBPly2#$bma!-OGu`UVk|h3BtO0yqRR@mJZA*6^fy^+(uE-}uWW?umyr|%9sSxD z_=X@6LDP%0PCLrSFMpr7?JO%)=0nl#q2fRWG8*g1VbR(82-;52yF@X^%HA|Ir5LDY zojjY~aMI#Iisy{cLJHhyRdF7~b#5IkjULhX=vT8PHgL@t&Gez6y-pDg)vx!}I3gG^ zyc&&#zu}$(c@=BT2R$@)cnB04Oj(*-2M$?O`1@OI|tBrhRzvxvFda8Ik zRA*1PAdi|D%vY&%5S^+uA@vUM3<670jgk=H*O|W38HI1n@p?u3ir48)EPvm;+8;T}GsvRL2RUSV4Q zg;39IDhUN&VWLM;(UUbPlu*s7=ll0NDFm`;ra(t!sW~)!xM-bfVTYOkw4+{yKE+$QvK52<# zeI5!zD*?Lx0l+=;23P4$#T7G&_Fa9d5Gp;O^cI+6YweDxsz}*i0^-xnri?s)2pjp& z7n9&>;GeBhB67y$g_D{BNKyz?+pIXt=9TAT?_${CX1;(QO=7>;cRShfPY5^n!_}>P zli$onf^_`N&MJ)P0ei!Kag_I~fsZ*9xxX-H;ff;jG4Cp9o}T!c83Nm*w1%<&UV8@KoB`l1Ll69 zk>|zCu?{Q9azo7-F>u+g*TKJ6=e$M47kENkvHF3xwlEnQBW&tDQ;EXDG8d78uVA<@ z%ez~`h*z}kf0a5A?Fl2sKqk1*`=nr=nO#++Dn9@kG~Ob<}sKMf^vQO5|Ma>0!& zRbLS1%McN_C&ZgjyTrhP#*MSQf35qFlrEv>YiyboY*kIm)dR+@sHeH&>T%W3k^7G; zn>78I0w1slcfY-p2!G=d-Iqu*j1BITp@^W9u3a?e6vd?PsIwn;7(2}G%KnaBO!+>C z5~ElGbS8J>Uva`Gq=MBz(k6i4F4@%7@+oYCrtFZis$N8d!?F?0(B`#W#MRb&&_|0l z7I>ND>-D+7=g^)Wl!)5(IE-hsSc0Cf!L*YWL?z|ROkppVM3T60@q3-!Q2M%Tyn^K| zI-r!vGFr^=HT65IfKbUI)+lMVRTt5z3LOeJkpUh9ZR`$|IsHE(PZRs=Rj7UP`6HkD zV~D8A$iRwPSt?Bw-2!h{rL$s}6{<7)@Qr>_8Xbt+U*GG0@xj(&VA?9PO4+{F8ygnBkT=lB;~999viHQ|6=@OCKi#qJ&RH7{OK#6lYA2E3|TL^7heMazdXNT^sFo9Ke&0-05m}8Voik4hy z697B$V;Dp-?iJwF!aA$sAM`Ap?DKjyz^)s4O;$NLe7!!PhBVRqfAMz1B;h_h)nIi? z(w=`myE{>{#Ja~-z7oc!WB%Yj)VS@kh}uoHs29}6gp2uI(wMN;$|bm`t4{ldq%F_# zkx6ffX%O@iPV^TCy*cvm7qHtqyD{nF6utJUit!iG>xq6eb)l84ku`FEORF`5)2-$q zu2K=rYa9u;iu5a06H7sGV19kopmz`-+^nLF3Ie7Jd&MJ6#_e~9?S&xAw0u!D|H<8e_!a~+v9LU`oY zr?ead68`torDmqKLcvTWBaD{D8QqT_(JQ}I-6(bR>L5!Vi@4q^g-V~CJ3~4s|0Z9P zP0Tt49HbuySh58Y!uu#1bIkf_P2F>x^6uAxfCvVkcH9`U_u$*Q>% zve#Ptudl0_E*X1fvau;s>$e%w(D*IEsLGfz*XB9<@AHIqFKyAUK(>zA7Ys!ZD#0Gr zd@KaP&7G2lmGoDL6Il4TuPXKqeQ6S*p%Af1jRFz-x_}>D#R|JNuvss@s#x*!YU#7}u2?;6C zrKhl~#ASO3)EkBIHc?*Y22aMwd?U>ecI_T4k9PY%?(C^wUu;h9S>VGNx-iwy`5-iZ za}g`fFe2q%ijA{;me5Yy(v;IyBS!_B)=T>bV&dbP~o)r`{L+dVl_q;VQ}p4`>^*+U>*jJR&-Lkj;?{G#)Y?~@Z8%j5h{KdUb_7Y$>`i&u0dB+LjPFtc z2n{Ofw!2F_BP%e#??e65QV|0(2#zLBh%x7=vvG-+G;tbq`%J_jb0bfJ4~7w)6J zBHdO`sijCW9Sg3OInut1Q2sfFZA`MR;LPLy6>vPxNp8<5HVef_%? zzr@nnMTh3{%FNXlJlKRBb2j^AUA1rn0)MjxWH&N@LS%f=*US0<*JTlaxbPR5_1OQ7VB9602?>X-A`#fi9-8mPbs#$g2xGT-li0EP2Rhph}fs z><)b6gxoS|a{f<*%44?4!bYyCt~BeUAAmn~a29e%RSPhV_B}e0TS`18%rz9>BS4HQ zbL{RNitNc0_WPqWG~eC)mQ99Fa2^J+Y99LaV%!6F)U`V z_m19iBpu&zgbZ9d=PhVtkT69?O_vJSdGGZvHS`TZ5{?a8x1i*N$Sbb4WictT6UGjT zINjI0BbMCCNh=J2VV|={=S~q^Rdy-~f3$tN4tx^hYr!SBU!%4@ts0#f`K zxc8I!P7ZG{d3muwcmM3?qpc_NRu zq79uz(L3B@?O;Hq3F;OKe&@g_!pmYmsrAZN6%PDVvU3UPo&11S%BWC^s?-&smg(#A z!aqG?n5x1E-@+!Ol9h#Ke}$_dO8o=f4Q(xBNdAfVZ-d|A7jmK+EC}-gzZ+$aumxp3 z_Y)2_)k^q(8!|#t$!J3I`P?QY4?x!(vco?}ei#iwv5TUJ;?F6Q;v1mrHlH732%Tg~ zM#v^r!=eaZ>)k8O`3@*{Z+lp|G<{l_h*h)V@&BZmiJ;{e(Q}U5@;d5y0Zv5vMf^(Z z`m@ImW{6bss8HH4xcCLyBKr!AJ~wID0i9A%vnfuu`5MukKc)BDnE?OuMtEr?`MuRO@_ zfc(2LcHalkmlH1)#rn{e#544B>ul0HLZ)p6#_s1nNRpjz-vA#~&|-+TD3E(AVu@8HosMdFHFuNuMVgd^q1w7b;?Ra^WRJ8#w)T%`ky2dG)@-*bL^Zg3IC^8J_XFW<&TmFT4Kh6;6ciM* zfk_oD@X?z4M>soaBi9D^uM3?gv#MU|!`Fyw@;N_w!%x&A3?b7qCN|DqmcK>n#eY2? zrR+Acg~c)N@yAO4UXe#wb7!F_#g$_odD6m*Z-S?2^uSL4BlC)AQ5X4mC+nIpKn=-~ zgRb^5$fTG|gX7*-&?3lkRB26=&hD$VEFCr`;}KY~03}85b$Qx3kF9dPW)UrYCOPhSMa6+?(i3Gkz zHY+jRZa?qN5VuOUk>^>*M@_B~6*B2L*t0P$T24Lre70N~D9=}<{KH5J6PH8F59qlb z>+9!ohc5`e5)G$beL23Z&ucK#wNQFDo=l zzjyBT@g!__$7j?mxWKiB?KHNuQR>rrO&d<-97`aWACAUF8fbM%p{CeykIw8cNph{@ z)Oy#G{;Be`1L>4lBdM@&qpn7b@elwv{6C}yCX^yZMIY(3Z99iob&cpiI4k&rbjb?f zP_MT05ZKfBg#@yG4sPtkVdzZ~yZ?u62H*YL-a;!dU{tRHT#YB`V^-ODQ6o&rk7)d9 z)%&VP2I{1M{SpG?c@QAg5!D$Ef*Y#-Ra3_YATo84C|P;$noXK95m)iQY4S>S_oxL& z31IGxUk*UA2ITlv{2?#c%(LhGlygh$Pug|FrGs{J z_}P;(g3>WTz(U4Y`f!o`+0o!vVx>(^M&J^7On|8_&W*#ksIUfXbCK;xR9xR9<0xeg z#GBD#030)ODFn$x?E&%lFrGbR+7VFuXp{#F&|(6zeswXJuP&xcKxzlm<^U%Q=hNrA z&d0;qyQTW5dgMsc>;5bFk zbJhK|vcDt?WWXKW&uy^8>yd)au;==S@LD9jlxKv5rtK}{cm3T0*4hI2ntf654nQEu z8vLaLUDV?mN;JWedfkbb4g{@(@cR=c$fF&y-K*z((U0xjyM3V@<au*DUuOYf3zO5wFyS!-?zDd9m`)9&s@h&sd;= zDP@)2L{28&RJgx;j)$YovU4{H;3pFg3Frfjr-6A zt;kGV?LBNH@O@&}^eLV45Em|NUne1p_F>$b7-gZ{B|X+_S|BZ!F2WJoDXiGb$JM%Q zw^TZ@$MPzTKuPvLRDONTk5a2IzH!S%wO-FF!5?Zy`>lUCv?3k_sA;Eo$NNgG-H zmMekyP26CGnRMf>H`-;Vnj2`h34zi+9{uw3$ch`RerlZqeCY*XdtCJ{o3X%ATtZ096{Y0RuQ9rBNdzrMRAnZy@ zZG*3nt8MrG{5ANC7kwe*NC>N!Hb%R>Q-|E|((mI!%4bn}RsV6lepZ|wc;Zj0H_J0; z|LN1<{^IoX^eDt^YCaLWbJT@fWJC%LIP5IO#nwSE@L-}X#L#NlR)0N6y-AHF=ujCo z6qs#xWizg7fTSO^D1C2tN%}?i_z>R)&v%KJaSyW`u2p=MBY9EQ319NS-poiZ(=90b zjpE+v#GJ$5G+oB$^fS@0-i#HzB~1H?Sl|r@QfkCm%h#T-_Amk>e3S;t*frr z8-cUIz|-5nQ}fWLGQ3bfjhZtV^B=AT0fHQ8y!+)t+`C?*WPM3ZpOYyx!Hu#cuAq!@3TL)mIcji^Aj$WY00+Xr(=M^;rU42r=FWfFYgDV0_Gw68w$5)5d)H(zZV+JV z${140&3FIYXcJsxjHV5xi;kM#$BOH6>`qNN&F*_JGrl?0EKQ40|LL&nTV_Sd@g4|y zUMyRCCYX3SxuvfCYXvhrJ$MW?yqK2s@H^=i^uY~&s2;vYGlOn>iT(iE>0A+{N{+|U z;~941L`AT96Z&AR+`0UF?hgz+ai5jwegjxdhXh+YU4`Y$aT!;JUybS>@Ugg$bn<4A z#~fl2rmEUN&)|tCM}5J5^I&gRbHGCVbds`fzW06x@=WWI0v&EQKwe7}xN18_Pog%M zQAU<+Ov6Lp`9)PwtC=RS9Ks)7YU)UcIk(;%zu3x_Gp!W*(|vQ?V-qw`Bw;p_7L_3c zgq9W}U9#leU&c`(`v>HQRv!jCMj3Cf3C?d2(Lkj2KP%18LoP-%WktEWv{ zl0l%^>k~pN%$c2!sDHCYP-R`HD3M`B?XJCRQrcz_K!w@m(PJ7i z1a~XfWj}{A9!}6#>xy`GjE4<~av)1E$EW^#}L&IYG<`DM}ZK53q3fY9=`BTs_@-`RXX_? zRqR)oT#7IbE7IdgYyEQBxh5($fgFw7o1m`7Ho^QkTo%s`ON-aJq!STa>k|i81=+FTNdo&^AyfJ28`>!@1VPqmk_W0 zMY=N*cShiLTL=s-jvA>`TaaoRh!1O+UH^y-^7$DnP@e?kUE=?BLFx_A5LlM5?e8e^ z)&^GnJsxvH5N5FaUGI{)tHVuGjV#`9m@-Sa>}{gG{}i`}pM<^ z=>10)2CfT2=?Mg8i{g7>oC$e^{Gu2XwOcY=yH;2hPjONtZ7xg1 zBvQU%v2b?*-i{tGj6~^@e={0)rP^?eIjV_T)MNVG)+wfSj!c;GNmvF%GAWWqg^}Mv zrDO_Ayr0&4&MCdY9jJ@-4F<3V>X zSI8!avR+pEwVp6bCH$`je*K|~ad)$r_U-m4agJxLeZc? zlk4iDBqnw^OH*feA~>CrvvM zj<&Uq5FJrdB$bL}uSQW(xNoCq0Uw(>`S6pWv*O6;)-`zje=gzWhWuE8K`6@UZE~9q zVx6n9;!IutSe43y>{osV>-R_n;dfC+Y zh|5!5OtD0#FTEa!ZXI`T{Mof_REG4yg}>5+9nXWAQgSrzKmIs9(T8pgSRhNn9&&8BSUJY*=n-K`%}cdKgf zU1LwL^|CQ-K*=jc{N?e{!e6WtfD+CYoGG2XZf-CjdPDzBi~PnbIaCC24-y4h23`{8 z=eWY{U9oV(<#tW8WPQgMM{<@I(P667c{UXUkAR>4)w}G|zE) zeQRJ{%f|6DfAzIJ!r4Jd?p{Fwf@PXUVaz5SOMY#lv2L>^s4fv$*f zY|jN#=z`;gOY#x>?FU|)uqjGSLy*-qcr*}aD{IDsOI$|XwJZ$Wqvq=wy+sfwJdvZoBl zb4RPms3@*~0TW zJ%e8Q5I8&&LF+#|hXo6s|Ni>-9>?PE9q(T?p0+V-&)DL%&5LObWbev>RU`xp5&{D1 z|FA^ez9A+beQ$lU68mkj_B$ey)3Z^mYQTkDAfGV9J7zrwt`C1Nk~)PgMh$V;`}1l6 zDxwdul!$7}wMqk~;tK+{}2a&V@`3sw`vCqZuz9o27W;#t_i*0x&0buCf?Jj)SKIOBH>?TNL@z< z<&KIr|AtDIn@bY-gPo5#fEFQ~G-)zPQIn?b+rgB~&F^368_nu{3;sqKUF zh)%)8m$MS`vo{T%&2K#;g?P5Jb`FO!#OZ;@1`qg>vBdV*4@j$T!9gDDS4@PQ(1A|t z5gX^vx8Ly*&5H;3h)bCD{>b&(OunTV-0kc5?QQh;ymA(6^cYkn>FYJ=?l)bkxklNx z-=rJn$UT@++{=Smp$bVrTv`A33II_Zy6fCmNc#N}E2FHfAMsoFM)RDa!2l3WdZ0`Waf3SKp^smgi6cY=r z*3$4sY1ui%97^|5&ff2vJaUqc&hd!R~^Fv*9%7=#w1iHd@W zSF;$sYdcb$;2EWFci)!CDuw-j$Yns@VKuO{bpJ}RpyT}Ng#z;47V&Zi1AI!B?IaK$ zx-+bLnJQ$|%r$x3kYo9C*c*4+QGYV;zv&G^LuoS8JGGmX)+U!CY>S?`4Uhu?n7J=T zBd9FnC>k5rVTZzEzG17xA@-*$*ao$evB5CfNlnE@9F(DT@dgkhu#1(2*Fe#;;_2DP zJ4UmZdb=06j``wssMeS60b08JWoYrUncW|-fI>j_j==gw8Oc*#krMb4Q}}A zTE41L0$}x02<*I%?=81RO1ReV)cHha&4Gzqo_CcX-?6EjK{{oXl3u=jkYaT#E;6tV z9+}5k>bAQrrT7S3n^g?}lMo#2od>^op7 zfxR0^!|8*N(w}j%y8}*&v`^P0P;Mt0>QLJ#Ly!As*LUb2UeLSXVP;aQC#!ikx6GlM zVNue8yx6&W=uU|1{M~C}n;ig@m10q_*5?s#8Jurlkt+0xilp;5QE|v_o$YMt>}q0n zcNg05Re7t3MKh+8ln`_O9FADY(VmY4Rgg~a1F7wg%aDRlPs%~=HXyA}XfU*#AGvSD zC>K}q6(E3J+Zwk9FmThx!{3|P2Z!wpE6f$Agy0uZ2!Bl9AmmFdql3U4E9?e9$w$u) z>3!=6K6@LJoFAo36YPxVIK~5g+iob(uYu2{jZp0PdW z8CK1^pko&F9IraT!dvf$L%iI`OddC>&{#ju#+p2vN1zi$9xu6@4aNapCmIH0=LlMt zGXQ*)KkiR5UjUmc;NN;0a_m9Evg|@l8VV6~YTxgr;(_SWCT+OQ-l>Yc0*%Ou{&tNP#=4JM)G}OXR zlZRv;qHIAf_5Yaq%BZTkXzhK1?(Xgmkx;rjr6dHT8|gkY(j}pEr*wyhkdOxH7LXF@ zM!4twzH!I6fA?5>#awgMjOSr6BVp1mZpohJ#yf>~)-{1{x1WQ~i!lc8GxRyZ8*NuQ z+oZ&Vrq#bjEz7L-|X{((!2{T>g5*8)YU5laCLHt`^C9Cw$G2XX#5ahL+>)g zABGamK>rT6_1VER8$l6=kO?za@F-sLOp%dQ-g-nICjeF4-_QxV-LI*KOFEdd1-dg?8el!#`Mn#Nfo=bnc?Krbv=l0v`4 z`98wNic=&iq7XH-FxK?O5f6qp?@JClaAO(xD4lroT4k1M->8YRY19MWjSaU+l)l|Q zk+{FpXYKkqv%6sjUhe=qoN#b~CsX&f`lAw?IXm3b87L~Vhl_wIRQJk0Qjl<+CQ&w8 zl{`RyFPr7r}WSW(h2Dv{)sDapv|Qj9y0!^570UYK6QZQ1$!L` zX~e*Tr|fC&@{PNa4+zx<}_B z=PwymK1@LBK5JI^NY4sZ`2o&?Lid7joxfzc)EW;`&>3Q96y{L48zqm&)|ill|H?!j zrIMfS^4_mC;*hc~G8mbQw;?Ani5oHOb(%ekQc4jAptz0~uhL|cuJqYyVbf3#>Nbp4 z_M+O=1A>d-nog~R(Q2+rhR-rRa5i_z=<&OVN`-J6Q|p15xq3&Xr%^}T^=hzUCnYQwS! z1;{TVm)-SMLpaz2O{I&}<;$MqR|D1oh}2^7+Uqf|O4G#oqY@ByL%4L)m zi*HCmq#SA;#c7#i%-TKr>XOa1jX>71z>8QZK}U)gsod$Ol0GegO#~tKNnZnUz8>^x zXC#7_WF57&_^y>z<(+?>_Dy?jU@*&DRB{!!8|qwd+C4NW!n?a{61kA$z5~>x`1rE+ z3p`p&^af+aPueBgHZ&m1SVDoW5sVpfz_MY@ zj`X%LL|CMP1J6f-C%~uYBqYw^o#xfgTqaLkp?AOkd19KdJmv%{ocZ^KF(j>}Uc} zfwqhl6qu6`ku2c@^j@130?)(hRn0EpbpFJ^iChyaz|UCto(Zo!)((Hyz^;*s-m|dx-IH1kVON|+%Qf~- zR%aBC>NU+jWju zEo9Sy%xDSYCQ#3Txrw=WsPK4>OsJFYw4-FO*^3gI68Uyz;mp253oxJ)y#|H%TaeZ& zeq`TavZL6Xs*mj_fP^Oe_4Qqt7vL_{oRYN_WMl=fY%rAO?Q05EmAisF3^C}ZrZX_d z*sHLF{xSHlq`w57D@;(&MY8WxgBVsv!MN?gPD&Rzo9AJkbUXc@3jSyyZMGHQBKT@& zA-D&c6KhF|?4C3{$A=XW*9S$ibBAwq_P@4g*a8ImC4iYV3DaDcw^m(FK;R@PQjZo3 z?K0~y9^)7r)jai=`OpdGr58go6i^K!bb_C0zfi?)Pn}|`K$;B0TD&ZK%Jtx~NWMi! zWdh0xC;T(oCfV=vSMF5Mx_({w(QwFDNiqIWJ``*Sm`czJhi8V{s&u*OOo zmwrceBj4WHASUEK-j#$fB*QPwicp%G^B}janI_t<+Lls8YC@!m#)pN}6!-enQZqwo zkI9(?-k4Q0QCw7Xr!^^5@l(|x=k>XhersU&E6Kc^)>N_?N~PaN;=b!&FxK^wq_(VZ z17AeD8IXW$IZ_EmWPVmuc5#kMQ>mc{`;YW5Y8#LBo82b8e?aBUNs_~S4@(PAveD2) zYTQv-JfMZ4{SALE?f&=C$wEr=pA!SSd@9dWV)W_sN(|LGP=G`B&6SIztkYa`)ILve|7Yw{oqs#|Xe^|H)0{Mlq zW*c}pmkL?(j_(2B?pg=Q*vKKgH@bZLbti-})Ae;px4DT+y}>@C`ONiSq<9$-?4urD z0yH8)0lI%B`%Z|9WbuC&N!!;U5)l!3#+uNcM@1tb06Kc~G+vUEU;9t8PI+YNAPtj? z(i@-4K(ffgA}(xXL^(a)PkhAEs6I4yUxq&gx)LcHj!1EA6$Bmq(KGfiOXs62m16I` z4|N3vQa{S0MW>IF(&o})V<k!3N*VNz^URU?B^zhC#mmt7;^pDTr?%$~FJN z*bDQiY&&!2$Pg0-Qmr-#bFYAO0iVl^29yYIb6?1*63N&}&+Y9tkEt z)(1y@$owsg)>{`7G8Wrf-m}!_Kv}#B%kk(L^<^iLQ{*WnQPFzQWE1m43DGLDfe=4Q zu^r>emP5K$WBMx|vz`$>@)gIDxYQGGTl^Q&w7QAb=VLcLi=P;nXxC$(^bu}4EL-X) zL$oem@1x^MWG~v4atqy{h9r$o52f^8NI8zK8xTifE96Zq0rV~6>_y7u5X!`1!xbt~ zVvxV5CivIfesBms1b4ju8*4}u7Ua?5ojpu}_E|j`OBh`%-URCdnEDsJrEmoDrZ*y5 zkpf5->T_BPc@mrsoU`qE@7TseLMIHW*S9>WPlL6gQ>$lze2ysWsKv8+15Tgd@vZ}b zmoaDMU8bSP{g06Zxc<7-tAldGd0N(hGSjJo4b$oGoSG1f?1N%`_Q`xxj{#v2=n+#ql|rl+5$GR|abZT?S~2@Ogc z>K(xk#C#781qWi`-qEhEKwc%`bs{jZprZ1zD^WTwoZhcSw@gj$XV5YvTlQanLDg4} zlrCVF^9VJ+RH7w|kuTARDa_4IY?kC<9vJBQnuIGiEnPX^x8&MlfJ%4a2mhKFm3USQ ziqf_OdY)!)Uw>N#pj@)#KSTbAYX2sDH22C?RvZ5768wtcU3Dg7z!X=oA+l$Fw(0qD zQO$?;>;^cxTIaEEa&*To7oLjvvZLq4vL!41t7^F`V_p)>2BG**%G`U3WyaPNL%MN- zT%#*Xm}Uz@yOU z8>`m)hl=})^t(Y$3Zi}Emrb_s!7vjBgh0s<({_8TK*AE@vKr_Q=Y=0D#N>fzQT%9J zN!Fm$!F(RW&wZ=KCA|w_XE63MJE>%w$532+Xm7!G3a6t>TJs$m0S^``v?K7D$!Rh8OzK#|M0^uB5JPo$=j2>kH3ik~3{I0zv{gm!9>&|i&+^q&pKg^*d;7@_xWE8GOFNL;L(31-_K zj9DAC?$A)Uzuf^i@2h*-;d#s~~o}d#p`13wL)L zn}wuZ3J>L?BcpP=R(>+;H)Wnbvdwsq8W& zHJH&F73fP*V%@2wy8dxYwJt9d66FuYY|VG8Bxb)`l&x+k2YaR*kCE22f0}RF5Gi8U zV@PhtR3!GS0`k44W`NDL;K8{F_NUAZ(iP+SuYC= zPR}pJAjMQOS8m(-cjY$n=}y~OIgT|5ix{F$<0a?go4n27QhiCT)3sE9vd=63t^cF& za*{K`?;^88mLp$e)t`?eT+Dl^sPFIOK|m;F2V$)q5IvE+&w;ex6QM@_W1*&AOV10# zq4`S%2b>Zo?JpI&92@m`Uyr=$&++)&)WfGHrps+~Dbj%}Fm(PZBcWwQG{m9~7mZk@ z;tf}0p9)BEY{juUQqIHEpkXEwwFTC8kMTPLODp!*$Ng2srodFvjq>1)8ai=_n z)3WaK?BFx~yE{1>5@!C~8iq2tgBlRvackz{a+0rsdCmSvN?`0w>R+d*A+yFZ=3Db> zz2>U*1t^wjvb3}&h>o<{RxQBt!F`u!a^s`S4RjXW-)t|=860l_yJ1anwXG~EB0FS z#tg^Oa_~jfcnZ={<$5hwpQYRKI3IVU)tYz)$7k%B{oKuBikiOsX2{&Luo?84S1RxRLvqM+xu-#5q1Wsq~xUJso~NmB-K73XjTp z;tyh)N}$Z9jz^K@h!X%sl4@8%0!;5sYeWN&&HaEzr%>Aj_}30nW>{8$KSZ=ADXxhE+HgE0G_AhN|m;=LksHA@8N9X_&AO@)3Excqz@vrk(s&xFRb`|3~+CX4d;&i zij7=(`!X|VN~$e!QpK!^U=0XnJOQ`=aL48S^UQ=~wroC6NDw;GjLh~fXvAF5C~*8` z28Sfln!CC;6@IrxoD67KfwS4Gc46HBV>%QaH_!#ajr4~czSBgDT2Ns~%q0*9WyLXS zN?Ymn@-HH_v6jS3BZ3J{$+yvf$m$5F#6S|?c|aD6!Azs~3%+dkk{%zl3V)ybwN?1( zZrdT!_vu%rtL)iP8=JCtz#j2hFKJV$IT}>~?TOC#CcX-=qL6K*x$T!n7Na*0cbvn- z#$GPygi?l}+vVEeKa%3l=%%Na>~W!kyt|dUuS5JW7*lhI87m{K>97tz_%GMX0#ezg z+tCOxT8e^KXwj7f_J>lXc}nWuZwc>R8Da@z&+~{ID3rrEQ{%p}?eKnUKyb3>4Gv9W z_pP;cUReO9VM;L4>tKfH9tk|zJPjUk#;1vI1|pNLKhP0bHo-0c^jP*=7mjQY7#Xv_ zE?C3v|J}r?hV?VN3%6O!F#AoZOOQ6B_9(Wdgdaz#Q1A9*IA!{HRnZ8EV3B*1A*)Lr z0oYKi&|ZX$NUyb7Ie~W%SA`J1)xhm@&gyNUGg?wa9rzJQn>8oJfwV%B*GhTVmIPR# zTIwO;=8Mrf2=0g5_@5!9z`;UDKDG~uH=H!Gn-U!Zp10AtFWJ*0fQ~?)`Of>tN?Q;3 zK{ec2wz1*s#>7h<5o5lnQc?}bK1fcy!bKn-F^i%|fZikez=ohSvN=&V{Zi2{45OhL zQnJ>tRGmWrsAhs!F@)6UOx3Q`XgUe5 zNLaRlrw${oK2vbc<8RI-!&lIK6sQXj{z9QpDs;&kBk#5Io!$3SJiSa_NREw5Plm4% ziWclqk7B_ELhvXVTS%b%@8=Ag!f&U4J~2sl5~Pn?KSUkB0mLo-hGf%(1zrB&v;99` z-SXN|z(#+EPQG1DXKdkjf)VXK*O{P8Ixyc?CBo;|T-Jm4CYddkiRus)l^tsX>yN!A z-re3kC?BloOHDv4jxE8<+(`K^@o&Svm>oq71=T}uuloOg7nM2*VJG5te?#Eu54-O? z!sNvTj6lnYA&ZEgCa{q|z0HsQ>Id=R{*`J3KTTjg3!!GaKR;362|bE9L!U@L zoRyl8Z&@||EAnCmT<$k}F1&76tjjg}Bb<;P@3D+P45X0-&T#o3s7NZ-o|^r*0(qJj z^R-%patWVAtOJpNF<)$m4kLwk4y($d^hJr!h(*xHN#p4L-4C~k+rKA&oynlU+$)JU z`?M2YXWKG&+6q%;ekvH>!GzCESi{34n4E6$Orf!iOyPpSJ|~$9^Q_ErKzxm{rsn9htpKIq zyC1qFF#lsLYWu!rOqN85ag1z3hx)JLuiMLQB=nh@S?1$3`#yX)Ne8K7iNT|wO}jOz z(wQId(I|G4IrQ!}OAlIZQY_#!kvY}wQ%BLu993qN1gq#NR2lPej>dIbWWkm7l`J4& zVHM&_!}(1R_wU{0I6A4brs52X@5jb2snQaUiF+v<_$uEe)<(e|HLw?sZ-2Bo!?e_@a&HnqHqn`nM>qx$V;pr;M+coo8y-;!q{wQ5UMbD)EM;o8- z44BEPwC6l7`kDDzOujdZLdf0yWBK0aaa8o-P!%U_P_7MGB)X8XoS1mxNVR4{MHq5^ za#N5faeU=)i_9|VX40m>`&cEj1caIPY9JcnK)J1eY(j^~`i^GFK5NXGg+-P2?pqQi zqL!BRL#lsVoR>Xo9Tm3TT}@6PJ({V8|8IVa5oP2uGN+0^832!vjAuU+&iXJ>9TBW3T*E?k zX5dYFqxg5i3YaCr^^x;AzP1mlq|O9vnBQnfkKrg8q9S6@Q|eRa{{lG@_F*Q}`>vMXaUT^NR@i8Sjx z;3l|mlwYnHiNed`gFIHpj}yaU@*Y7B)zSTf|t9($-}Hp{%F0>xHO-XtgnO8S(iHbK+um@HbHx zerE1FF!j$<(ZZ7_-r(%{ErLoZzvFc8mizoX<~|0R)^NQL2$XdlQeg)Rzv<|Nq>UxzJf@N3man(OsnARs%g^j?!JEwI0=PQp-JAL zNH|3LS)ol;!oGD;TrbMt1fBgV%L}}|UcnJPg?I0*2jOw9;Ad74BdM_BB#orVh0%YI%ODZi$=pOp*;a-r&u&N~)VNvV)U7fy7LzB?W))`PKhjQmiPh~2LU56y*dx;NJHqSrCiI&> zyfx#XYe(L!Ra^=yCQs`!Z#E&-Cmrt_b0FM)rUPUs34TSZrJ00o`y|)s+2v`E>nY%Q zzu=mIa$)-B6kY{QEJM-s6gZa3sy^lh;x2nZ7L$R19V~Y=R|>yx{5WWL&b1m+5|`hF z^41(8H&*fj&kuw)f*y`z_j12ca4L=|?8~-L3<4OjYS9FNVPgq8eM;QQ*JevZk$q5F z?jD&TygFlSNsmevUf1%j#ES+8){n~X@n26OOg(~V&&RA)s1c)cRPjK(`s5ek0 zitQH7xqc*tbrjC503I5%6>myHAEZCMVW&D4{_>^KFplE>e)it_&t+{>LB2mCz2NWu zd+KjFu$F(V3?N&q@D;DH7C(@w2{>TCU+gRFL~whuzUfpM$H8IN3VQelYX7vRdG%Ca`vvyDpWmN0@MM|FlzA#(Mt986`r; z&cVQvIkn_h*)W3#P8!lt%bFG_%_}*5e=19FEnIr1Riqg$pt%qt?f$bPeH0&`&y}$9 zEc6JzDdVn{(w;>1pUe?KEaNh--hl)D9EvhJ(B5CvB_^SK^IeJgMnWUI94&FXRRzm4-x%^CC1%&*uCNMQ9s;Ugi@Q{r zFW86F@f5T_0^m(W-T|CSZeEc_s2X2AIk0mTGxTZ1@=+m8NH>f|HiFqvPP;mt5&?3^ zBF`@(2@;j#&s4B7`H6BJZN2h@kZe;ru+f3mLM_As{)V}C-45<~_^vVj_^|UG1@HF# zlkQ|hyPtzZrYIJRU(&uAHlgbNhxJ~#_Tnw*`xFLh+fXVN*w$_tq*4?nLS-xVdJ(XIsUFt{u8|pr;w~ zFGv<0{askVQ%(~y9VY>3r$1!P8o}$c*0A-kjMbZt_>cMeN_NeQ!f^Wo6ms%fgr=4DpzB~EHx-MnLF~d!F3TYCsh1uxkC6Wi> zpu_S}f8y(4^7ZoMmw003Yvx?)1p$)EAFYZwhl$WqUmaVZuAY9cCsR zdG3#_&rw5ajyuJUWU2YuK}mj{XnT~SsKVzqMnia)QC_LZe;6D84gSm~$)7cyAH=Sc zP3QIyyMp69&QiyCC|`YdV}Acc&DX0cE?Yh6srDKlmXQvuC4M0Yp@~wVUY^~9(ePhP zat7Ztc(oo^N529KtB2M`* zE}%2+ts)~6UvY>DXLHvnn>BaqDENAXV`FmUs}_o{i{ohVyHiKJ$I&WLBY9_;H{jB+mwDeBqn` zKm4eW8v#s-+g4mm@(+l5a}&+`YTlGWVp6sfh0X5Mh*{D{r6p<=n^@VTU&Nc*V-EFQ zlYa5@o0ZM#4X^%gyQMRIXJAzlU!lG15Vj~Dd35Z2P3IdG>s#xJ<2N>3FY=T*D{7HpXeB6u)EgGoR&WK2|wL28u zWt0d#JFpiTDL_7a*p^11XGb*GcdyOGEUAL)FD9=wUT;GERL(0%X;Gx){vxw}FHR`X zNed|8U4I)Dr=*|VYyL9JmIIvS$buh>3J}xmY-P*Pm7U#I$8U3e&XzHs!3ux#xlDwH zO4-R6{h+9?kgtY!iP#^SV@E%&=T>WB>cA_%8FQWF++4WjT4l_wpn`kDpGsUp$)(-Y zH31P|4^?!Wt^wyic^Vu?eJb+PRH~p>yzdL+P8F@;SGCZE2n=%A+(Bt5Yh~)=$a2LK z<^%OEQ?y8`$!JLCFTJ$i5Lo`)BF&;_R`q3z zKSy?rH22_+lpNn|JSEtXw0Wb)!bp>WT@_V_KLVq@E$1JhsM##wU_SrMdDtsnz`Mg% z>L(YO1g0$D6Ck;U6FHg37*x3$0dCkQhhSaRM(`)<_JSh5GwFeuih^Nd?sm~KOmVx? zHdlg>@I*nz+VsN@rlp^vgpYJF(=mJui5K*F&ts03vYEQUezAExNdk%cGilW4GnDnF-#Lk~xvwlCirmaiS;L7$u`~XSAoswASTniYO*Y`xL1Eiu8v3H)x*< zqWQJS$7=BUg1W(E@Q0J`yrnyv2M*`XyW|@QpY1u8lg^W#PUpK39Syi%59{0Sv|Lcv z7!e?rqtXRPDs}~6Kf35st0yq%DP9ev9BOY3To=>Cd-P%4OfCS^T3MIh`G*X%aqQBv zHSFoWl5^iD6Zb$z;YJ^)i&;-Qvh?@gurVoWn`Fd(iCgu86QKoxGA_Gfint;y4Tlt1 zEou(YZi#DoYMx(GP1LMxdzA=O{st@_huYg^VBl{FenIDW`Oli7T3PHJ&bym$z32fK|D&D@8D1VS?`CkzEAwL` zrn^lcoYjY{?q`Qi@f)$)?&rZ&>r)fA4FWSa?vBXcyJRxw(}4`XQFIcpiN-d{jVX

0Xoj=vqcgE89AF0*Q#rJs*XXP+_qdrEjw zV)+!!RVr^QdrgBfY~)W(^?rt?h7N@pck8JNhpOlqVhsiDMg<>ZqQ;l?jQJX2Y|a0Sb*Z z@7RN{Wx0OmbNcTBw-rvhJ#h?-mEup&IZJdXYoiMBc*pN(EuQ4*GF&B*Z#Nm|te~~i z8Lxqf4tiwQ=7qi*R#5SjM{m2lrealvZ5&+{UlBC(9iDYFF3TO*RNW{c3sx%}?In{9 zzwEaG7R}>Mefv@P$=u<(*hmsEjN$M%ILi(AnC$0GfGxAOZ6-Q4;}5RhwAV`Z#XPvE zu72&25m(>YOASu+aExI-mJKMr9py0ugn-@7YnE!kSe*eWmW(rK#OuY%<&z`v`aIM3 zK$hGO3bO?DMNR6jb}Zo2mq)mm20=?`$p1b(vu}2eKl(oyy?%CF@Vt0%S+$AS2-N7l z=_RNYJ0E7aS-lMV;?jZDGNl$uhF)JsT699Ydz@>-a4d!d1iujt?0G>HrVwmAho5LK3Es@>!R|3oHw6hjINq-{xH(RHA!oy8k zFx9u^eeK#RIfD#<=Q)+2;W@+_IiJW>D*(c*K=e+gk#*!EO=urwF`TSM+D}JHPDd1I z_d(`HSRwd~PoWj5R#T&u=q$r8S%=@U67pkm8I@0|0m8HK#)-DgO|(RglH5OQZtlC% zS?`A<2!PbHlqzZJ>hBRY)ZSnp_8v4@fg+e53bjXdMovQb&m0yJKggzrM@7SL47uGx zFU*BT43Mp0nD|Mg%awHCcPx@>d0u}#ki>08ATa0^*eZ5*DEPD8spx$2_PZSa4T3y;X0vPF)vc-tKpCi6ssmaOv|C=AL_IUBXBo zB^5;K6!jbN2=4vp%kG2bUbtdn=6WL=LKOENXmb0>H8lH67LDbQlvW|!ILzI%#Q=sO zB7G!DH-<;gB2@h>xNzX{q21U?o;3M*NYz@d=qvvPbe)}2F@`|!bMe;BPc%IsrCTK9 zoTffDfb}pclpR-X-}dc<1}@cbBN2VdRyy$=$Ussnk zWM&8Q;Ypm{RVQljqw6>4(lIRD2O#cv**WNlt?~BdHcpVfIqtlo@=g&so=IE*-p&~k zIBUj^4;OM;P1?|^iXK@|i@3&q54! z4c;m1`ak*M<;9^8O$?z7EDp|9Mf>?k?X#F`V@~4kLzQ+#LCK(63)g}ueZeBq?QLIi zlVc*>x*fkFrG=^vAicxOp7%wR@+W>N`rK3IiTN06+yG;rw>L&0R)QT=^^uq#Y`M9; zjU0shZ0c&Lff|elPVxGc`vl zt7Byq2wLfRZZt`JSi2d^*(ekDgFZ=eDYt58XBZ9^(YpaJlHZyGQGv#XG~hV23dcw) zlQHWD&ZUX+Chfdv>8WIq1Ac~E5lbiQ{WDfsD;$)$FXz94H}@Ei>eHp62j2bV5*gturXC+wP!!q-%``6qOWB> z__9zAwgej3f59}~vJ+n06rCu7ap~g$O=;tM+a=oFrtF_yJ?VOGOAODyApK>ihf^m% zissDz{~uJmRg>3ADUTe&Tn4crs6`sN^c4Uhtn>! z{cT0Q~(`rMI1Qtn;pU*eyFqxj) zpT@u=*s-PRN%)x>wDRrv8xH&n4|8EB&9{wen3nL(RFuCU_Qjn>4T~h)x--G)soQ36 zBX|>0%)3S&RVd8LAN~FV(&OXNgDyzo@}T=Snyo)%z>6!f%N|i~7g6q50C&-EtDS@B zbfNV`7wK`c6=#uxw&kefuIOZ`Gj&~fh97%#C`#G$*yL;AQTLp~mGlXPST~R9Tc=JZ z!)wrx2!6UlF)kXTJOkrEJnAkoesa)~?cYHK`1D4dW1r&mB;qVyx}f)czO3a}6nBGpk{{H!cZRZr zdpSLK@8p^mHj?|0{kle-sM;51NXSkZb- z3M{mE_T%qVM^PHj9;p)z4}H)}m77z*pe&7bj$rO~l^CbY!@@~iNEmRe5q+(s;3(GA zPLmCSSEqP_kh45SaT4N)j$jOUl_{sx`hl;g6R7&P1VY54)ieM_j-04=?NxDp5Wr9N z7Nj6LVjFfiO5upm@d zijF%z`{WOqh;CL9-o%bm)jsC5Vgs1C6o1a^7aA|(B*e(;NurIuCM~kR2u#Rq};EB5EKH>N&k#z^)rJ-tj<%=oB3BD1T!$NN^#anas(n z)Uf9^Am%J$thZZ?fp46|%I6h@z31+UR2b-G^-=$nD=)s^KW*I6J8eRbON&?ELB+vj z9=HFjk~`wT{HK)r5`k>>6e~9HHQE&1mso@PNe(GGA5F3e+UDxUEdWfL(+;5&7L`c` zof`>X=lNk8u)T0FWEMUhsY<#azewmfG7l6;>DGI@rpxi-vh;pp;z>_vb8UTjNy&0k z^|mI1^(lL3!*nge9iDRdc|4rddhMIqM=z{G=An)VkNILG4)iI^DDN&%0$MpGlQTiD zro}2&hO+vdP<-_-O_Fj_E~cZmZDtGBIF9>xPKikR$@ zWwA8u$%ouN|6Tn|WD#MdQWj+t`f2l$o5Iv?In?>OQqTSHg#$O`dMouJD7t~w&zv;9 ztJE%P?v08NCpE3T=WGIf?Ay8Bh9*LazfFSafd^oXKJa1KW!QJ z;;(yeUmqKJzgzb|F3#KjUX`);P;8)`tycnLd_zyfo`1!ERFOnB-CgBi-4>gW#^$7E z>s+M#{rcDa;fy?gAKJX~dTIN)HONOr@I^~odm&i`7G*U4_+KnCt{QC^;WYb{BSrr{_veT1*R*r zr5TMLy`{PMWngP~ZJ{u<(0vXD9p9$bBEB>=|m6UUkc) zt)}c)8u-GeAl@C2%^wPG!oT0W$KqC;B{In<@xU4Vqb4YL$YErUfh5-Bs2!MyJ7qW` zR)N|$#>`PY5o&BVTyE@*vo80l|6DWQfrX*a%y-_Hw>VRCfkab9gnJMItEopVqi_O( zd5W38D7g*YWmAepKKlo^iA$hcY|)$80_y>%r8s>&8eAcd7ppcQX1DPxQO+X2*$~v9 zY0jTR|0-JPe=0S?mlLUTD6eFUJ!IX{X6`@m5#>bgd)PkkF{lKEzM|?nQc$4o@j3go z^l`5?p-bHDL{;Gv13FxAW&2CxlA~cS?W^)Z#)|B7!!UcVmpD_a2h;1zX?!mrEP(!4 zGiD2$fuUe#oWiF?R@}EG{qd!>4ln-nGBS=@rQ)ro?9Xq!gW6?Q>Z04H8%~#afLC^= zMvVWqtvdnQzeG{k7!3CATNWhUGlMD*PMD|AG)`!W35R)D|3CON!#E5 zO*(kAdbv=qCSpd)|3h}f^@*gsZ`G-6?qK0HRcx7s;r*y|dmXhgvx-1> ziVCt$!+Jvt5fDea6>i~xZ{*aON+I)^d}lb!QPqk*jBk7bsAyysvHp{=B4&0#i4JFt z1fL!eOPzLawdh}A`WwcW=FBVE>daPm$v1hZQ-Z5yEt2yuo>4j4-`8Ui!u+E^28Lrm zAu;boDlIYhPefM8I1397r~rIAjz6r$0N3CF&Q@AYdptrX$#Upj6lNPcVU)=EStrLX zBG)&lu7nmK>n^s-*U-srz+aEkpwvswoN<8uyJj)=@MB$~H|5Yu*VTLCFOHpVjUu zJU1A;AlA}yy)PIAq%S|zq?I2ot6L5{8c*q}C5Yhit@YCB~`e*Ja3=B9E;*{Mg2ObYPkv2CZy76ee9=I#-G*1K6xUPTM zX7Im-E?JMg3?y`oV@HCOC`r_DL^i?x9DBveU{Zc%FL7~E+KL;k-q{+i@ps8TfZOaV z6aWGL&be4lgwGD|vP?I?P?aCnapPY7C9CpUnNm4Ao-aRnP}H~R=Ydt{6m6zVN3?6= z?E)glOS_%CC1>T_g(-#j(#$*gsI4yoVYYa(_J-BWq$wIQc|i&@pZ^DmKz6@y49nP5 zo8R_EtQIBrs~LbOor)@jtYo@!O_ys^P>Yt3%yaZwcG}?UZrN*9*y8}iY6`q#Lr*sV z@@xu~tz_EQ*i`o+FFZ0a0A;pkve|>#K}7WI?fHp(%5cX_eSZ;vhxzyIr;7#POW?u+ z@O$qTfImGc0MQcgCq4y--*Q%DpFKPdzK71VoHP1;_4;V0?e5FFw*i?~fNP97kbRaX zo;HdFP}=(LD1e5#&X*B7XdY9BMM)ZfD`5XWJ@8AZub+IY?9?UCRp znDQ>W<;wRxE&y`NE2*ir6)DPkE0V3D3b37lH@2y`zbdp{N>N+EFv36d`K*e$rMWlE z%E3Bo=s{bsYwZCssSMWLhT*eXY<+k*1kRXN2j1ec0_fM9C;-t*kzdn?8A}>zB|z30 zZwVkv?E^r)D+Q>QN8idV0?^67MGJ&W;=%&ZDFCnkVF{2^1>n*@e*7tI5N_Oh=?r>* zG|xU1e6L==bk<@~ykKye5>tzP)iaPI3I;tfU4T3*r5Ux|tg7rrt{iCNFm_9$T{;Ia zp>{{bCJtx9ZadqcQS6>`A0V`)e!suk6)fA-d^5mEA}efSro6esGCjz1+zL3R0!lc* zGQ*bW+s4U(;IpO;e6OOqBR(fvV#)gCps=2{_BRq+)1>HIn~po!yK{g*CMBvx8{W-> zSg7RZ*Hg4C`P_EYl+%oRB^fq{N={2dq6ESA+|m1EuO zr-Q~7r^1{N?D}ZVN5?zaP%OEgSoXt#J0QjRXr2Jb^+h@q^6E??llNm2uPW=5EHaGE zgJSCuKOCD<%oYa6Ltwt_v&)nqNX2EoEea)Y@Z*iukjPBXw<`@SnpP#}UaCMv{*RY| z7x{OYTvPyl`SY_1K=|iJKLvc_E_xEYhHeV9^~(?ub zVBn}%)=(Vt?eca910*vx*Z7S=4t+b>%-UAWj)FtkvTZw=wC(l=4)4Nde1DODm&pYM;K>s3>8Id6;VEGJF6zR9 z2ENblp-H}vKFVF(NBIqQ>w|P&0hz zG^AT_F7rlJz&A*6U>JZuN5I>N1`iI5_hWF(mT-PkabYlrAH%?*Wbika@JmOp^Y@Y@uJA_#Zv5nCL`EUu7=G+(HpC)p z%F^L00dK)`1sp!o7hit0$iK_vf&y?}0Db|;Z%!3}|M;kObbGdPC?*nJtq$Ml_PuA$itzKrfx!RcmP4isn(^eo zJ17l@sMy9xlEj*HIXC|XzR{hhKX>x)$vN{6%hcc)F<+U-ov+9epTPkLLQ&wvQq2z^ z4F|vo98O@3lZ)|;vV{H{Kqw@f1-%Il5iUUZ1`o$FnKyp|KL&WsPbvg_4Zc7ezwhKf zxQ%x&#?ZwioZHy}h~XIg$9(zK4~`Fl{_U@R`1V5}OaF8Vz#H&QQ06$rA4)$QK2>9w z2LPpaKmtPWI7Byl1RSevMDgQq^B8=DyRT3JE;>U0Z>tBwWP;rl=uw4M-4|d|{H=Eme$R~RkI9!=pO__v)1%J&68-QFfPQpq* z-V5&Ia2i>QMjI}`rrk&m5M|XfZTgiBGqgzp5Y9c6T(Q!0UNZ!mjE^YLCR$^+=BgMeFEMZXdaSe!S?9i)C;C&ux zx}5ZQ_8{Z-MxhjRK1k7!i|FDyKuxC=h*ETk)mGqq&JI9~AThWI7|(xGs9|?sz4-o* zQ2gO=X`lpLoC^HEEMsZ`xzZBTd&!Zf7a7@rMeDs@uapfi)kLp1te@TMf9cxI!}z=Y zyZdksWVPRS({t`n+S6D?k8+DXt1Pir&|K!X!fLWDwzk5dw%1pOf|;t6Lz0*(S1PDl zT2cxGypdpK^+-92GOwzJ^PmLP!yTomkS~Cq7?9|0aD`7;vbL64X8O@=Wz54VJ(1z4 z!7SyArQd7Kr&TKluGKI{3#@5+g~|-DXfN*O$~seK-SJ@~;}Hx)$R;>3 z80%MtIJ_$#l1G9kk(4>F^S)rAFmx`CsX|Nh+P#|JLKhE8jA*v{sRRb+ab^IL7kF?D zreN>^cV9W9--pldUAkgxo`Cl*S1K?3`;g7H!Pb*vsAP{klQ|#qOEv zHtrgS)NEDn+O*g9Y6rYmN=0Zx?UyStuVG@~FALjnmX4*e^G8APF(*fIIg1rSTM4eU zVzWN)Ad|0(;b~AXB*9&@^Ki$PG=- zFc|0Jl_fZjvnxOnE)WLD2g<)^uP@_l8#){F**#eJU*eQ-aO^gPt zaY$@wQl+^PpDe9DitvD3d+_b|UBB)G;O`t?eU9J#`3@YJ3T(gI?R%Lx4*0& z?y}1sHV=TA`g9<3eNj(q+MX-rt#8u0HH>@mL(Rqj%T4@nmMNoGRyViT*SA+=471e< za$4Gq&|x#^)#xk^c_uV8)0DQq+#bAlm!WQN30km%#^qVWFiZ( zicgk}ks--)6$m>%iHoDq{yJ+!u;ubL3CJB(?!Co{K8N#i4nO!K%<*+QOwW0(UWWIG zwla%ZUWqZi=^B7P7H|hEsgM(ZDYJtmdPCOmMapb!#lOD?AC_CQ-MT2Nl&-SLoet(t zgeh-7-S5&=FwZZMV@lGtGZDJp)B2sS3BVmxolPc_jRpb!foXZ>{C*=^$Nd%l$AAA;X|@%_b8@c)QwkN^DD&(Xx)@zMQ6Cn@cY z;-zsSGAiy5#~lC?Z+cZ(Rs(9qo&iC^+)cFF@m>a^A@I+C@VOowrSOVZ7miTc6q|WM zk)m%p$#Sad!C*N^jp$_3j);_LucPXy-e(Lk-8O^G`QIuGhqGaYeVdb8t8La-0!QAf zr(>;F%d1)h6q2kVSMpHxmEG!q{JH>iw-ZT^Bbx&Ne^!)CQ;Z}^^(Y45Pl+MtUa_uP z%z&~QmW=QOhFYaBd3ZSGz-<^z*)q~?t;?aT^{2)D{9-x9gHrVxMtBdVOsgA+yWm{T ztN<@%0Nywp{$Ao~wi~Y>e*fWOA>``&;?5r*{NUTjo4ze2-)N+Is;yL6+ojT}N&+0j zILHL_RDG!X4&cbr{U;|L{O+rte>K08a{|(XKYV%r%g=M?3z*vw-0e!(>kX&lEpZJX zmofrjKk$)VrUcNV41IlHQz?oO#C{&|m26)P(D5uiI$Y-6kFUUobZ9mYt_ZsUj%BZ` z(JW0fvc0J@bd>xo;-aFbF;KIO5;1~Zh+Bz z)M!)%fQhH#{IlB=ZyAs1JiKq|+MUObzkKSfgUt89{P8B7&xU3;`*fueVz;KkDggBK zM|1~B&xp>U4J2viAY&SoJ)lPwKM-qfff5+58|J7s4p8$3vhV@esv09eNwLfG0CZDj zD`;7LG01~!qb-(k;Mc_6O1_gLfp}-FvZu%5Y&^zQHzq-S8wwRwm1whXxZ`~}P69NF zV$pJLRzV#|@YyEg_5+#l?Ya-5c^8m=3{GHUJ0d3hDai;Pl-ykufL*;ZzgR8$0pHsZ zz0M^)>XCOj+H}EroDqQ7B@96PC0hM`arqX1-*xxdy#4gT752sb!&Qu*KfV9>+PA)d zBSc{;g?N5d9ORbIqGNq3KjJM+6wFo%NwZ~un`FH4^=iCQ_0&s)UJf5^v z9ijkKOi7k3|CrfTvm^j+QX8Ons8o>gqAIS_?#2cT*EW-851TjAD8VtTQ+gwTR!6Xe zCL{nFG+O{iCrz<#hsMMS0BBOFOg%^ijHKTzM`0LDU~r-*8j>E5h4TR0%sTj!aa*(e z>ynLc%@5W0M<~wiV5t}?9~GAFEPH&$D57NhGuR03lW>BMdc^5~33l}ZzKg0(f9vpr zaC*drE*8ACnMW{ogQOj5!g*Ys3eXw;qDMb2e{tnZ11_G4yV9;X4PPhCB*!1&3oUTi2;$B9{PVn^WUa ze`8JTD*$*jVWx_6H9lqsbTb7hg;GFe^pdR5WAT{A__lS~=?+w93W%S?i1l1a)&mo#(FkK?E3=xfCO^L(sekN%a)>(y-2{2rGUH%jvnVB zHzg}5X+0p4?zgnbQr9RJrpXymrwz0Uf*pi~eGE=`)L?1|e6CtFQal-Vzd=`_*A1ln zo5^Le#2HeYg!8y66(DLj^`jS8BUa|qfQ#LLSJj;dXz=^TugR#)FfvLn@0heP5~W== zl+6&9I#OHPRY|LtQeuD`V(?+#`to=4;_@1NuH|AI2PB`OJsB8V8yH~Ql_3elG&t*2 z`rFHqu071%GCImHtF^ccrU z0IVJ~bKt0_-(Fc>3-xlud^sdEULv>Oy4V`Suv_e5Bo2U;B4!lMyPvUvdpyVd}#MkIs@273KdS@?o5R#uA|SQoNm)qKtHgrEuvhK-?++F7xK+uW{p^GYzC)^t0srtVSh#qXxdOcL^3}ZW^VKT<=3Y9D zVHOJ^SIZYqo%-*;kbmf8BqsrX@FgrqhF`V@{3njGDluIpM7yk(v@=OE2m%mWB6~FC*W82Vd27k zd<7V-Ca^la3iWmlHqs^!NARuCHbA4)JF!fHqY+FsVeTO0QQ+9HJ0JjcwXhU88-5$b z-+b}+YEGr0#xRQnyh?69x&Gg)%1{ELCJPG}>r*Pgyf<7Jk36+ByA11U*#$?)tQ-ey zQ`4CvVk`rWvF^^pTtY5p;Ml5Yx&W|MqfEjXQ1SQt@X)t=S8ew1#O>D)7d7A&@~uBR z`S-^!;J@UHKU`ld1z!dqUjdSFeRC>#R;f6S#buA5;CUC0-dYut&KF4wT0w`E3V0g; zK$tS>BD=q{Gc{$py0x=8%z$H^ijx3DM6#ldf}=*lX*XV@rH}7BC;nc6N8iqZ5)jpZ z7<>Zk^grWEhc8E8-+^N%@4}A%@oYG}_3jTl`({g5^hEQIaNjA(9$bU}nrlzcj+@0o z$i@1U3Xn)tvI8lS?ALKuY?qEWdFPn{&Npn)qwrPA#xdLhO(9$ZfEmZG0AZ_!BpIWC z>bBh3k*lE|`1i9SA0Evr7Zv5STfbY9z0d@ItTC0{DC*P~>5PBnUP+O3D*fAQ+x zt*ae>aMHl=E_?%Q*0$}<3~bN=_Y9DFn(oK9sv#jNWr|Ni>^Pm!Y zsGB4pO3|H1m30yjY@OCvmeV+n)wp#$6QTDBfF5fIhYi~^DXpZ;`CX{dkb6wxS(amc z-W&jyWajrikPas(3K5o`W4T}f05${L&dA^|Vd zCscrZo8w>MaAy_EH_JARmWRXJb?c2bo&meT|u=abNk-vQ^&gDqr9z@R6l z8h~LKxZ;#*j3iZ9jmhS6etD(2QjvOa+U-}bUS7SOFYh_-;r0BR{xI0T*t>Jz=IJmF z;Nyc|$G1}-@fACQ~S2dVW2LBkYNLNZ3lvjUJSH^oc5|SE-8xKtfY! zPM`-IL#sr+1*?n{99?cK!Jb{7x(CfmLSDFOOG>s@t3HARqLI`X(@tun8sPY)oEoNY zST@KoB^Lp32cliuI&5Ho&nRYvcv4*>qz(YAY^jF=tc5NPp$aV>MorPZLxHRSnhs8a z<~s8L1MsaVj9!6%*W0g!qwf7e$S&QZ0z?uOU*S!4bXh4*g-j79tQQA}S5`^MIjc5! zQrGp2DQmjE!62^{7yvA+PMc&p z@q&01WnM))1%NZrLm*V4jY+ZHZl@}+$K6bI*vToX@9T91)gqFZVtr9m2e$xdptn$a{{ z^f3fW^jk?IC8uP@c5VS$T>jSWN6Jk|FJ`6O+TpVZBn4w!%{5Bron_!Vs+V?BTsBCDD_H>QqMnqKoR)%JKG~5|F&)Gg}bM)w=4Ik0OJiRwb=;HC7J1Q zpGY^bQF;i3@Mskn^LcN5HVK6M?PR?!A{&`Alq<7EVX%QgU2o=$Nxr!a@ts{%uhNR=q$Gjgha z4M_HcGDwnT8G)QY(c&!^MUe%cjH5V$C%IMHBcdyCphAw);ENP%C?>}mgz97S?xA(v zzdg11!p+3R02U$>l(xbIo7j>N9I;*>L0TTEPr9O6IA#SwFik;KmQW@InvKvZTLwti zuB>ZD6jf7@gjyONis&NW4?aDBf8D41g^=C4M+Mj)F&lIt`Y_pOs>~&^hB$-B!I-aK zERq7xvMgsREKAxOq&du8(#j>oPW@1+7rq25B>ERJO;rkxZi|*Qj$?o(r3W5>fV{Dd zz;Idn>+jxw|J!fhc=MT;A+im?Ak|o(HyVwLiHjfE1}&Hr!?Br+F=_!Cm|VsVu_8GE zsB}lZRr73>%GdH2aZTx68no^&n@}bTX$Ta*?|MS1@A`_54GodMXcRKCK-n3s3a}t} zZcE6tAwASgE1^4n5M;e%CpMod^yKJr5vb(F&BBEW$stZC&tBIuNIEI?? z9M5VY(N`%}9N+-QeuP43lOp&LsVt$w8K?RZN0a;!Jm-N0AOO0Jz*nPlecycZ)mL9X zv+eQqV*s*8?mSXPA=d8b0@d(R%g%aI#@qYfN&4DR2x!WfQtUq{P9h zL}jru{X+nje+s|=!>UPQmgP7?;CaRA1Ei0J!{g)Q;f1oj`Q}=5kU)|+IVG@7fEdX{ zPuJp4iy-W(>bh?AItoBsGfz}*mOM^M)9w@=j3*!MEQOxjg$cNC46`%$r~uK*Q7hmF zxmN3TwMqw+M`p?ZQ1M5KNo0>k)OkD}pNUR79_>{F7&7*Cywi6tf@~znE@A*~hOBYf z4PC-}QqUpEHflYB0NhrA-+dk4YO?kEPhS1_eTZy_!0fmth4?}lAU;lADS25KS(e`i zK(i)O$Ye4jTco1^Y&XWOxh2+*E@wwoOyj*QlPRCk#OWD%n1HM*Qk-b=;fv~H01fJR zUGFs*uh#7x;MM*QVhNgVLKJllbTVS{*i$plPyC_mdviF3%(f8nE&yy42TvEc zTueXg0Gj0H#hP7#C2t*(^*G|Fw&SE!)^kWP3cwO|)8l3fT2E3_q*F8Oh_PtWY#O4d z^P2dO>gF=y42=Si?!f_j}aseC;e0ax=UCjy_!oDbzxX>)$Q z@CCyKmzHmrlpX`rSE(SII?`xL>)ybmibe@gRgI8L)EWsHJ*m?}8_u#L2sd>cX)!mdKK=HnNH9)mu6rSkGX zr03n#H9Y6x2H@{NvsbE0mj?B6qMv6vkhnd|$_vzzS_z9ALW|`TQzcTIXet~xMp~5N zx*6i!ohJpdjOc<)ibe%OEylsFnT!jdiwl6I5@0Z4Pcr&xmS^V3VwT3+Zlqd`FDNSp z07v|lavW<2pO}7>hiUf8)bU>gAbC`-R4V0GGzW+xGjrKcHPD4s>%@8>XW^cFx!nW3 zD^X*ZeFE;vy*ffKMCqn^$}lYeXxFdA1`44l5_>Qsv>`oel`G{ljcTBPPp(}I0L5}l zy$PWTVN?M-Yr--LK-W6VE?bqFJUe98@SH~%fJlR$HnQioN^pcqcK`s-Qa8B6H)<+# z4T+&8sn*eLtEOaI^LD}#g0y~Oa;a2G5_>VtOwm%N0@(VdE(P(dkc|N()#co$)e_8VH*fS99fj%W*m z&`ka@8RPw-=FgZ~8bW=_s6u2G1t418Ufnlev~02i&v|qK2*omvU~5)lGpxjH18`Yy z;azc@G#UwjYlBL<(MXxt06?>AT*s3fJMeHA~RA&__8ehNGEWS@Y$a<2*yy{=t-@`;*UW3eeAFG`Ye z4Uq=#cSyRwq6_n|0_DASjiHNd8Qb<;NuO?ev>>fUCHhdl#gOv48plyc9M7?|i*7q*A)SlM4hqdm zEc%u{mY&b62qccmfK=zh)5Rv_LImkAZgQO%MDPTZr@3_WEsL8NAZZ*z?d$@9Pb&3MHGCzDq-_{1!H*F*CIyjVYvW2zHn*$5)K%vB0Bo*qbG0ic4$pa{0l2pd2cN&T zZ3DAQKPBLopB}*8zv>-iMl zK;WqB`HM~*37<-%ZmrfGm>Cx$KL_B@ra6;1hUe`AaPMCe6@VY@zA^KYyXd00ci#T< zBGA3K1-vppT9kj-Z;K!Zeq3rt9{~WnoHh{z%}x6_jsw!~pb)wqS70l#SVU7Qy$(bY z>qPjna@YR$^Y&yiSx+YY2eP>Jm)xTQZ2H=%8$FJ>XQfLFLjB%39-G#Zr^Q^U3LPuk zX;$0rtb2+;yc$O!(n$uDbhDY5ctIK>E$aq{txnc)^c)7y+Xvv@zvk_C!vYX?@5zUs zy%e4c{_Ia9FejJdC3a9?oqBC}fabE~eguZ4uEkjry;iJBgTv!sJkM)Z&$5tUxIAM(F$^u!a6=7mue;1nH?`Elvjoi!@oMHpLM~IP{22rNp#md~ZJo_%Hgez5m`L5uU?+ zZRdMnekqE;kKTPP48hP#zwp7Q@PiyN>X8bgsGQ7Akxln>EGx+iFEcFaS{f30la5+P zW@xcn1pJh&m$c||7$ccXu8TH(JYx*4)WYFd37VF2(mfv#rpTKLr(@tL$7dP4pCfcn zIE6=IUjgntT2H@t>A%;I`ROa4-hKJbYoRa(pZW3E#NDhQ>yt36hx6@ zSZ7vEH&ICEO~znDvJeI!;MX~gQbbcwD1x|b4g{GJleZo-gi|8G+Y2h+@0SS25`sz* zey9NLYL!k=Oa~r`eFeDpXoZ&n|EEU4KY9A(t+($!zx(2|kDj@E1tR@|YO*D3+Zm|P z%^`reC0mec3qPgB0U%v4jr?ddI%I|IMP!xf`EZjFlE>58u-MEHPK`*Wmr|y@AbbR> zbUhAZ?z|ywa2yazpu zw$eHyW&4gPuz5q^F9B{XMmQnzHTpyd;s98dk`$UH35g0~0I07t;EZM~RZmYubAawO z>BQomG&`q!1YEj~^;v4&kj@*WI5_-8%ch5r6NO`VEcO-P_w3!@OH*MO2k^_s*YnHc z-0!1v%en1rYc^+7)0&i1(^gxgZK8RT5t0;LI59B@LC7o!(i<-<>ZbG}Ld-Dg!W4vr zz<;2>q;pmlE;cAUot^f4#u#jDyV;(7pR@OU4k}h9atFKtT4K--@W&wBBKUi}=FSd) z)79=Ht(8Kv-Qj6%f^cuO+idX!-4^o^`{gzWAK@d0s3{7ev&Mj20GpB(UMnP{*ZTPe zxc~-Z^)@dPx3m~NPVfs2-IX@a`KZknFPiNjm;h0+y7hi|c&h+A;JmuHqX6gKLZzu9 z0su^)*^}~fQCE9igo0ipZ>qI%JZH02Rp|oIEBLKRUD=THVyn%?ggOOxh2XLR0Z16T zf$FvxJ*M^!i0CZlYG>SZj+374uI4P}niIwH4a5Y9iq)%!1uzHU&rqlBf}$eCSM z&|ipos!}9n6nHc5NX7bHp3akP4x`)ds4Q=f%3aYQFEob-bneTSJhkN)=s-)2Lk|Nr{Lv7AvpzGgJy~Aw3wt9qVzPI2Q9Uly#_~pFWigL0f~phXJq-H4^^A>*Gj{+XC6&G|h*79WO*so7>m;BSYHUFi7x1Hr6t(d{iybgJRJjTuAuL0I zI*49BJt~S%@Uw}O^Z`3ylrsSWVXO?OfuA7`BG714cRj1tx@{iE>tU z_dc^gWMfP7pJ*UIP9nBH%%1rbS!~h!m3 zIQj?>Qb4J^2nIV~q+S7J_U1<3HG!;TY3lmo7-YFMi%VgULhijjKKv2;3#3{B%#MIl zOAKVWJ0p%x144)IRUw@a9jQjm0w_nool_uVmZk=OkAOEZ0wQIcS;a*#NTOx|gza@H z0 z%g?02ze;eJ zVJ+FNHUN>ko1x)P-}>Zte*kklRtfm>|3C?dc3arpFA9ekK)kX7_kk6=DBL4n>B9Zx zR?lvP<_G}j?x1KZ4i};LT?7Jv7bGYi;_#m-G+3|^JFP`OHT#;m3-E(wE375B+5m(P z|MU(0gDX5F%0ikxjh0iKS2PO3N?9;Z6<_HkVRn*YF(Wq{X3^u zTN>m6efc@nsCf-rr(!GC)hLXzGq%)-Dtog)c5{`0^N2|}5sSsbF;lzK1n4t+1-Ix+ zHaE8SHV8ma0zF}+BW&gCr}FlJVPW+U2?m1%l)QsQKQYXj0{qqTIk+Xb;s9hndh*GC z;$X3tL4E-9zO?YigLHl6a;C>0aG6ZG9NY1XG7;C9%SQMRJ@6G_PNiDTWZY`VT`QN% zhE>`TM;ssJsXYQNz=xS~rtBSyJ@eL?ZM07*dYDtkJU>>&UJ1^_Qk0@7;(@9tE;(C- zV3x|a1!2te2jlm%5>#Tfs;ySr!vVtY9~>Nv$L7oX(Gu7J*dIh94QP4?5-hf#d}Fx_ zaLIDD0ce$gPo9l|zw@I{KJzmV%=z@qMSmiALmpEc$IxDiqf~VtCIkPVOpnD#IpU7B zU`}c*a9n_)101Iu1d4zZHJ;j*jwoI$A}~kl9q=6Ir5TRn*WzxmutcT2!0ekj2lkNHIKdkb9xZpe{jvTsQyW8yYo zo0?C{2$WCr8CxjKNeNn|Z%b~H-qwmih3H)gmv-q8Wpq7oj?{ClonBoT@@=WuXzdJ* z2(4-Efi{f895lskLSIcmFcK}ohPPJH#6Upi6D2?p4@iaLnVglihm_GE4FYsw8(_z) zj=6kurjoQ03i()AWRL#&k>wQNlI5xc5c}w*vl0;f*|$FVqwm1H&%gfg^@VN?-O7YB zykg;_M!5pWb|f01RoNf$R}W#{ZdN0C`(mXX4i`J3ECvRHL3ZF3WjTezIhaukQzusk zv|7FtcGW9oIv{hL$T8WSi#O-}D>T@LKA%IjmBZ2ecC(_^Y_asz$Mca2cX#*`pI8^2(}-X%OIDOfVa$Lkmq25 zAyU28wp3F&1n`~R*=$=Enc?zGwcZuw=(z$+Vg{9vY2lju;BjJUyV?^dMQ|CInm{mDOP|74lmt zjmHkgYL7eUxw&0ByWp$9U;oB(3UJAG4L7!A-Q?F#V>Niu<1CGdWEM$$@vYd1A|6)rL5 zTt1hp0;WDC2uv&;YVT3ez@i7>@0Yy*mrh)H0Gf}(-5CRa_M1;U^NS$NF-t(_H%5Kv z^S9nKv+tanp9V`QpH2@1f7%_&rc(JL(#Uu6b)Q0~>YdJd0p=X0Q#vhHb(b7YrDs7P zQXCiHLwtavQUuJwH`AT4;?feTS5Kw;1jKvpUZloHVq%;0&j(;DoT*mZWGGOpR%@Bj zaaPPujHs$)hs`j(1D6@92WlNms80ID?Na`Ls)Qr11rI>;IFL^*rvR5MS08{sHOIgo zv0$>BV*TL@Fvl(dZ#nw!>$PWZ+NIz17v6jQ%`@*l`zY8DAPj1T8uBKBui$JdKyiwC zFczr*A0PV9uR>1a-IR^d{3Uka7(Ag(s-njL`!=@K*KL7IPpL*!p z84sK(lH3#wc?8Aq3@eUy(}9p83gy`(xdK=|aSZ3|@?}Yi(s7u?8UTQz=upU;uV9LY z^(Nd4)5H#JDPff8=q0vH9cdv|)5L+s`^xP$w7!3xP;gS27m{BLc`!w1F^u;3m$-9e|mW$@Y0E^55SW#@af}le|X}FAF?p- zx%bRv5a)i!e(KhBv-o@S)|YO;WssH4h~UE^Ev8EAE*};=Uh4_WcE{!NOFfU*a{9yjTRT}RloQfX|2)mWoZsqA2|;!|QJxC1-($>bC^T)pXz+g+@1*`mg0 zckV=XO9)0r*q1E8s^sSkUi3bLklPUGtE1$1a0Bb9H+TgWsGekS>%TWE5-pWtgbfMSo@N8lVY06ky} z_Ie%0WyBPp!P5m|U%yMsv#ZPjld`h5o2L)xf*pY69l&y(-Z-|<4}yI91G5vtat&n3 z;(!1|{`ur-XMDRQ%(wo5!n|kAWsqAAeICxvzt_KX{{nS2o81orKyH}nl~bi+&ut`w zU~2A$-3A7L4$Fsd3fcF^DmVbrGO~l}9v)oRbdzDH(y(dWChS{*Q>@`n7ZCs=86FJ6 z4Wg2Y6GJ@?0MkUGf&#!{c{mqV6>=R;Na1k4wvA%@eIJ>}VUE;Ewctddla~PU(P?>-0jhXjLQ zL#3cZ0McAR;S|qpTN?R$q50ta`{Nb}O$6f|`&ymX@H*T5TYHm3*o0l&4^`{qm3Xtte01)h+bW6kIIWQsdE&`Td z5d%}Mi^F9QHb_9QfWaL^p-8|9PwwQ+E7qGY7c8)F3PaECuu?j^UTWpwlvI@Le|1^7 z41t}pe;3I7_j%0zbv)fBm^=i22Vs{K)_a0yl>}O{YXU4T!2@$b0HPn=GY0;VIR=Ic zo_o`oV_+-)uHRbDCoPg|zhCHPs06zg&~cnik#&6p0LKv>w{j-pmcWFhYUD9oj_`RaaH62qF}!%Zk=)na zbRU3_Bv#7vu`Vk~5&A!_ZCpEK=CfT)xKP@wPWQ zT9rUb#lqpR&u6~G)^J#f`6K{B%XGok9cVZJth&P}JSZmwpw$!WkADGM^ADGu4hPq6 zJ?zAtFxQ^HzHHgQXl{J4$Opm^vubp#Bzz+ykY<<`z=k(L(hf~K`rTiJk16xKSLE0oB0Qo~gQ zcKmWGnRW5%SfpcH0LgZyR<+u^)iRlC5}>ZG!CGu;$a`=J%qIk*k!Zv(yD9*=7%%gR zFdoYaFDG(RLQxL{#ihvOkjV6**;8DU5(@Dy7oU(I&bV^`c!ZjQ32o`Jd#zI0Pl~o81W)ay8Tf% zNqSXx7hP?udOu2qX)#=1@4_5pPdo^zYA6&sQ1d9jPLx@%>$+bt;s^kA#xlduZjv#P zyLenz+sUeuhzhm*a0>HqO?D?@iCC56DgZ>WvC-&I7TMAOJDoT7c#VTo=ZINJd0K4XLWQ3lGE*0Vv(=3+;Kw90R`t zmz01G?2BqGfV}s=aAL{-m7hHQ$kU6v2IATA)oQgwDx(OrpYyS+W~A-*x$q7x_yf#p zE5evLBnvLVESJ2S^QkjkRq*nHB8FrawdT1PfTFiI z7z`o`R{;w#@~f($CmIM?j+8()lktmH98RH8vI(|0$s}8?QjZ$-6Yd$&p!sTg((sY# zHTPhz2@k{(0Z9DQZVG7o!Z$A)16yaLJFYM4qt9P=^akyv%RKt4ryu$8BCLUUJdeNf z%J=Sg#RIl2hKiD|T9prtRevYfkwZe%aPgF?x&;1sLU}`+pz5u%xZWyCaNbIcS5>N( z4R|R^rjjsiXGt#LrM+ChUrjYhLVB82X00N7NdOLZH+RjCsu_Stq0%Vy-2pGJ zDqgBrgpOEmvK99lz|kNHBQhXR;y5-9%jwlt5H1P8Ks0I&fqAL{K*YCuGEEBkJjI9Y z&gV0QjD^ExxhB~QH^CrVpuHPXFqmVZp&E zW>dh={rWFplYaP&*%0CK(dN6(nz^wDz{?511@q8i90>RL+qZAO`ogHFAsrQTGEji9yaN|t{i?tlhkIe4=3|r*AZ(-R z_bX#A>emVcmL}b@Ml*4Uxu$RtvahHvn;;GmTo;9CvcGwharriP`z&2M*dCR%QHP;(uwmutdg;%nw=@`SzQ%t0e0rn)-m_xpLJ4*_y zyuciKa;=@iV}mm`whniKP-H@(u^NI}uB8X+Gw`D$@ zi16A>bZc9S7=Y%(AfG$!ifTU$@{8Oh1=qXRAAZ+CJB}Z^>Es8Lm+r&!^=~-)IS|j= zuYT1Ezt4R2jaP5q{@UATzUKj3Q8OrSV!!B$`s@HaWU9>yr8WIZSq`%RMkpx_T=qJK ze?E7luq;r$+JIMhMGjN|@EE@jow4Y0+1(})O>C^3zB#&e$q-m3-K0s8hbREnrVB$s z-`Z%@Toqu$-sB!-zVhnrw_bVN0~c*`X)o>1 z)+wLn9UTXW5yxkBPHVcky;PqCR1b|jrEak-?selhAQA?5wR%}5vNOuZ%F*zeb_h@) z1v3EE>iTf)5COn_Vg)I6SF_4?w}b=2VsioL%G5IEM?kLI0Z4Y&g#1b=9y0@QrAAMu zRA!>*{U>{+>%tILy4|qcDa2U-mW6Xtt|8=QvRZ9hF&!MJWnb9*r>th1AmvHLtHor$ z5m5r|)0$3l(?zh{tpHa68ES>%%*TfUo3JJxWF>e&4hcZ>X}BlP#=v%Cd=Fgk-0KfJ zs04g!F&gzR&AI06HITQy{TVa*YJwvR|v&Zam`(sg2| zJVX#P0KpWNkHHj7-`hVjINOg#S{g$$(TL&J3A7`s{-l1ocg_yLBmj64)D%oBhOu&f z2&}OLhT&L;vI4Lh~bkWU<0OfB+lx22}x2}=_~+Esgp$zEUy*e9y{K#FW3<& zx7)vq00gt%RX|Y`rh!Zo;+brx>JEf>I-1g%Aqp1Oe?hGoiXqie@0xo>%=*WuGgM_;o%n?H6^+9A9=`J1NoI>3-`C) zFw4KMy!!T|a6hG*Z^KnPjD)f|P07&v=|Foww?$>A-9kLir>y{-tZeNxB0_%WFpfyN zk|@C)MAsjkF#-2osZWxl(#a#tMK4nT+Xm;-YE+HnJ3Gk$ z*F78#sYo!lO$)p*=u7ZG91?)=7jqKuFJQx8Gn)eDF5hXx8Pni!Vzw4AVUi#1d z)>;DrhqChTu{XYk!u?@eyVXz_@$nNR9g^u{{Ftz6G1*_v_9%X24T1LzFT=l2d6xNhM+8-EH+onvclBe{9%qzUCs-o;o0@TG$o@N+cbunIF6R^6g7Kc+vN~kt; zS4bt>i9|+Ufna$YQZ1naGXS9xWoR;>Dl|z4@`(Lw*Lp%^1#FwHu}D{EI?pqdkYE9V zbZ?_7Qu<~_RgM;N5yTn;|N5*W%s;+mosN0=gBLd)G6uHV(<}?X1?1#45Ig_O{eJ&m zD_gE0qdE&avCKLF79trgmow$|Py%#~Ozy|R)=s~0cpnD{`mEeJ6O8$q@!Uq0^!uhk zX_5~D1d~G}R?YMhQy}uuU?qG{{fP7<;mK$+8I82)5rT|j$FQ3B#S-mm zyXITn$yfTRjwzqdch=$nyV3oL@AQ9UT>`+<$gP$8iy45{ z!yq4FVEc}_5$5}skAa;s?7VT)EC8K5leBa{o?kuf*du{Y^6z_aU-veDGCzR5+n5mx znk3IjJ1i8#Ef_}Fnb#%meX~8F40hwJ^%Vg&6qACvAPSyb;m(`!lQ+i+xPvXQV8aU% z04fpIrz|U(SP$R?oFf$^6vr_8W`xIXjD^D)6hpv-Nx79~lSKe2ouzcViCRB@7XlWn zbhiy9f_uP5;5b;&Zt1L#W{!Xd;*vD^c=pss!J$Ro}? z68Q07KK6;nUR~zj$ILMSXt%^dz~Zqc0l(vci=KVY8Drq(9>7KQW%Ed2M?MGg`0dXu z^Y02cCIIn|%$SygIs+HxGVq{)=yqEj|2t>`kJ}_@2kuF``9@q z01Fy+;-4g2^ zxWFy}uYMWC+K>3AGglIq{=J7jc;r*RcUog{(_3cymsgkhcLkgifVkBc9|hZIt(I7D zna?|5^!c*Y2pX0akaZ^d@0_;?{Jn2K_KB~&4ND(C=LDd&75Z;K1siKk0$zg)tm^B^ zk72v9EC3hQZ>=?uE1yESz#0JGUKW5?!8rkleE91p&-&tHKfL^W^ph@BFI??89G`#v z0gKT1Q30d^3TUN|!>L?-g1}w)_BsnE5H@%Qhj~c1*qUt=y3%Nu1q-^dn*%Ip!4R+^ zlllsr!h&Zo56nSV;&*j}92VQ+1HrU`-iY<+Dc zL2h%nK1;dewE5+J9H8VQ-6x_m0_G6)szxU=+D6Y^1S|035posR{eHLKtp!0EnYSJW zRL#8CtcU<>xKELJ7Urz9Y4Q%Qj={?6w3rxc$J3m&zY6&3#@5z`6?!F_j)NzqBmrPo z9Kzyy)La93(Q(E5V7>-RSHVF6$bR(XOQ(lp+LM4kBj6IAt3Dp?sW%_6B?G1( zi0-!1(>PTKkQ3OXsX)LL61YHs$`s+aN130fs`cux0L0sz*A`%g1kCa5(NTs8bow-x z-kwbXj`+5eBgX;KJ7(fgsF`=+gpkX8Wp+_ueSyHqy|^?Bb8=ySgbDFcw;+%acN&K} z6Y%mOK0s-jq9esD#Zi0*XR(&sJw-f*Is$<0aUK@eLm!yU0G+l7?0NgE<`!ramac+> z0uZ+*0aw75`^6K_{7{0+JZJ8NxpjqO;4eLB0a$b^(L_HVHuy0U32#AsT{qHgk<$z# z-NzufYZ!*lC5O|7v7Z9~0>e)sFfSKoI8ouWv`eN0u@0pHxwpUOB@0NLW=g>J)4HK^ zLfbI(^|%KBJ-Zi%z&r%Y1xMaQeAOR44CZh^lA2E=)u_)es@Wnm(_w8euIZUtPZoO{ zNLrWx0^6ZFQR-K4SV&*~xw#1Jv;chN4RZ_has}jyI4A(`9t?7>FaEqoZ(U(4X8Uxy z2U`L`*40R5r&%hkMtFA~0YG-$RUgcUhvXz3{eGdX0ng$&uR(E^;uu9K83l0LVZuW&vnxyM3? z+>9KU*B_82K;m`tuAERcbiF}9pStH>fgPB$F32ubp#!Sy69H!S<+LysBk7F=tpNYU-ktWgv6XQEfBAGe_U!hI$79cUxADH= zeZ#fmHHjU0iLH>lXh;!i)e0mi6j2FvQ7KSLTPh+d0iw4miv*%5g$n|SO(21U#24U` zFf)mh#!YB}LLBh#-W%UG&NMIDf6qD3InVjt$3OV-S!)LPM6Q5rzXx+CW0nF?se!vGySC->*UcWz5)gj&%J5H$$J1(|70WQJ=VS_4>UVJCAnmKHal(?HnjHLAN+6QL$Z-ZCq?LHH&|Wt=YMuGjM?NxZ7a}PGz=!u??u5)z03u3L z)B>n9%EcfhIKs&e0k0m_kV}90;rG$YsFi%=rn~aOlL8~QNuFkC@o8z zC&bpaMwPx1bfrX`G=&&CnDK^E2w)+iCkJ5BQSmIpG@py%3`E1ayhyJzWk8CQNVr`l zT*_NHDh0ZNZ%pH%8o9RNvL+CKKGlS{xTdvGL3mBq9?m)We290Z8>WmlMDlF|;qlmP zg0lrOpZ$GF-x7$RXEy-VDzGzudY7xt{_Z0)R|9!59{`@HSqeaT5pYrknYtKciaG>5 z2Pfc+T!DFf6%ILf@!rnkgY3Js=L5GN?FL{eObeE}L_|qk6xonQvtlt*D;kM)HSB!^ zv`Zm7ImY^IHp>Py06vD?0E-Yr<6HoPDFr{z+Zbn5r_Hs!I?!d?275YAh`60>6DhzF zO@gax>!yg8^*R7_X<-rK;#fc8yhfPTWeKx~GTEsH$FoJ$YHNthxV6};M|T5o(Y(&C zAd+WnI|#rvXB+`XrUa+a3^oINGT#GzvSum(fAF(U{q#>LsJ`_Lr60o4E}z()ylM&L zQ1t3A-g|m!H~1buy}PsX=*Gmoi+WILEcPW-B09YgM-R(Mi@EKTFc?tl=DZG!A=bGb zEr2h*Zjee!(b!zkDFFz+8np!wEBfFSMH4-i*e2-Y05pPjQ>qT@MS|@H$2e6$yOj7o zkp!K~>C7he0Cmz`fVkKPU4^Uz=rRd-MW1W)!;EL$HEfn2JoyW&vRA{6g`zB92hVh%@bv;i#y373Z<34-y@lr1t?Lb z1uS55nV8~Wt=;v>TzXOuB=ms3<;#A0iRGAE98m1rsB+aZf90-I6 zB>-0_vFWp}VE`pY4nR~gbeF4Dt23;D;rglE4XxBbzC2sa0Ote1lQ%;Fi2hY>idq1b zRz42=VRC?tI|T-R$SC-Bsi7?!BuQ&%kkfjW$V{%|syXiHw#szEq#X3D&jH zXK~juQc4Bw9AR&)W*9CV#JXmeZ?#WxL4dNyoq$+aIW96`9C@4~kGrgPchzRz&`YboYiWdzF36jvL9XA`TF=|p+t7KZ?Z2(=2D4(r*_!$gOyY5-zotPo__ z6#yu6Y(TC(#~CF6tAbSr8WhT_L$f;tvBo+{n;Dm2m%@~D5l*3V@{MpmnyDhN{`rUI z1Hh9tQvvwu)o}Xbw?e~-4FRt{K6DD@%)Q6E@%N7_iz!#l%49clcG_g8;~1b}fwfr& zDAu#F9Ry$#HxsUw1_lva(k0_%hs2uG2>`6#(*bBgY*-6>HX5dMbC|8!+$%_skQS`D zVPYUZSYgkWl_|2BuBBTFtQhq}dGMSlG0LTm-07##7>0qL7?}Dms6QU^qDC0cE z5Cp?10l3^Vf((&ZTnKBy;U%d`XQ}LBO(xQxf>TI22sc|r;Q0V>2Fy|bDpipEtyL<1l9{wTJm(ngLAeI?-JDnu}WRPERpdedlB>*7N ztd}s5#p04)4bUId(Mh5m}X2#CRvPG|^t^{Im4OJqtmRsh`DmUlH~7;BB*2IQ^G>{);nK1DOv1XTdB5 zphmeGP75l{(buD^PGkr;bshTEyYlew>Gc`gRyKDWwFvyhnK}sfFO`6Gt2&TrH~U6V zXbQ2ygad^sg=MY$VJlV4mq1Y(7ZGE*TwW@d6IuY{Vo(ccaO?}VG_WVtt!n^**I|jR ziH)QdGzlYsrq$EIE^U2L2QcU^6h|>oAz&PCI^f8M>BcQBs?ix^3#-Ki^$kmPBTOJG z!x%s^pIjaKCeOlp-IDtE`8zdR0f_$jr~6e9kqYRvTfwoN4+VosJ<|8MWwl1l?eL<5h9^~KrZs1cy?uI&B zMc{vJ58$$gua+YuVaI90Zp9GS`#43@IA^D5QzHq7$6IKf!iNdweH<65np6VK$Q+5) znKtRIImso!GE{A;yhyOE9Mv5dp)Z(Cw28#+G;OChVM@}@M{SJE78Tes3~anLRuv62 zLlCtVf-Jd-VloruHZ7)Vu>?Ul$ee9=`D#*8#n~@MWhF%#0J~|8k zEovjINeM)+=HCol(LVR~&i&$pAN<`6)jkERtlg zSOS|Vn36CtafYTSnyK3CWk9yF{tja%2#ONKJglY#zLsSKd?X1ZGlG_(mX~&)W$h*r zI7Az#M1#LS?pHW}ufA7QE3%#iQ2G40XsdW|aUADJI*%j-s%hPQmXu%pUmgJ(|2VlD zQ`rjr;g5bz3&%P8=+b|;HT31D`+X3u%K!U;dH$U)XXS3FKbfH=i?i59}ruCJU z2rin7L~5){4nV^OAX>k$3cEF}HJOdoE190gvO|xnv{|SuV@gdx)up~ z1hZ>#Oxasmy4os1p3nDcgw4a?LZt-Ll6FtmO~^b=H=Be(JXrTQYvWNc6=yrJ9O3xv zTF-6XwAcf^1hjZ-Jwh-Z56ipDFa;Y&d9%0Tv9Th_5RD=z9BDC+g2Ly;4eoy3FZQdX zWw-qB8#5ndjf>GGjNw zsW%~^a0I;`z5nFd9mVql&n|#M)AdTj6$+1JW&R;52Vl4Aaz>+1dg9%^Q zYYlF?vtE-}b9oo_Xb{g9)^fDK3Aj7pLsp4s2`jtVR@RnrAdu%frBSXH^73RKgK55K zw&^AqhVbP54Iebk(SW@z*h%-G%XSg@)65clIIZ5B`^082ryCoFMXNC&T3u-ANp zswHjCHk+FzP^{AHL=sdwFPYIALt;NS-zhX(Md14n&!0b{5x)My{rB!XfAR3)txqVC9KYwkoNGBCxOQ=AD*4A+!adZKm@8D>xJP*!=;o zMPt-}f{j;ow0 zGJqr>!JucddDwsh-mMu6K#=do{LSxS*VmP;&~Utq|J6Fky-Rxoz;pL*%fIebm^)o& zs~hT_BO2lB&RumNVZmDOTTScj+PGIQz%-vt zBv~0LQV9TXj8{s2+oF}K$MH2Vj;J;f@RH_DiDRrj7;@g$T8L?{6U|=F2Ztf0F7BjQ zTymLmQIRQuEJ;N-DP{p=nvA=R2Q0J_fRuL`wz$UPDBp0dlkwiD4DZsc1>g^qDhMdl zD#&O40>@M9AUl`gzv9Z%z3Vv7U4Ja^|C{fBIdy(DOEl|yjn4^==eJbV7|6X%uiyLn4aJ9*9Tz4zXGa{s^u z*kiPD3`O&tU^a7JtW+a>ptU%=03)udga@4~z<~j2MeC$3VKFa;x(im?;KxeMKw4x1 z@db2^;G!#;H9{_eP|aY;VWIQGeA92Xh0<-J4AT;X;7-eG9IXVPqe3?;oF`&qaC#Mj zZh@&6TMan?O`-aNCS(c^^BoDN!(Ne`4pXdIGo-iDcrI&-L*5l+Nm|yLosb>3T6x0|-lbU!K;0id_OVGvEZw(1^O+x);2-$x)Bo0F z^zzQ7-Rbrfr2ukcKK?s(Lj z_c#v5NlFo#q1`O*Maxvf0d?HI1TZu-0bnFBJ~)uUT_b|aqgFmg`Y~-C_ZwTGcvkep zLqj9BVrx`QoRh9+MS&hABAzlJNRX1s6>|p#O>r54S0v>CjHJ_%y#TC}?xNqltZk(m zQcH&>qqaE1iTFq|@MJ#aqB4L$naM3#xqt?+!2p8;SlJ$3O_MG!UGZ{C0A@_W7y%^D zH#~39$azgInj7vERez&z@X>e+(P*&PLB0_2(=k zTSZ2^WGoWSFa}uIIRt>%;tB@)VlF4mn5_;NvjVC1vaKZiW|DLAq`8rRGSkQmt0s8_ zXt$0RGHlie07Y6V2b5}qui`#*>>|M!Oq9%IPy$frf0323U;hmbb0E9pN=3|qyAn>j4eE6$hhvO*)S!EJ@4*t_F@9fTd z&)j=C-vDzu%}^2e!iz%{kSEV?DO2BD5AHmHH_|V%W}5P*Ba&ooxT_12q1$Ige=5<7 zoA4Ewq6=_#6E9Cj$JGeY80(f@yjQon*pi&-`r?Ws8NhQ!&_>8su8{(LQ>X$`D2L1z zozbYCH>QX>3i}cSZ>!0*XPck|V34GfI=|rRbh;syT}kCx+X8^Zt+|+0fR@>%g;=6b zMp8Nl0)S>b_E!?Hl;4S}&cSsU*u^+;Zdfg+JMG?KARiroSji`|gD4v@s%MldGo zCL*aVAn;DjTmb(5H6OCAqciFWZvhLCRN7Wl zwj;~$XDBLA2$|_I$TDnR3Aj9N&uc-Ov)8jxAE4c65j1gHz`F>jkVPt6fPD!@@HAv@ zbqc&jg|#rIXois=9d`6++-d}{;vU_51*=uvn+ktLZ%wBh01 zr9Ksk!LD+}wmM)qzYkz+=!fV!z)~%aLeY(j{usP#GZ%oVpMB~}e?~#|=|6mQQUy8I zwU_^en#7g8wZ@C`t6X)NJAKZ|HIN_8MiE%q0)6uts4l$s;-)hBeem7|cq>S`rvb-G zZ`kkmyWK@yYSlOh>Hrq{&7cFOX^TaGRB<#M%laGGO1!1MskByBp0yG06#%eaKGECM z0hBh3fCeqDP73y5y|EGYIhygJ+%Ix#C7& zVaw{RCSfAjDZxatvsTar>nVrBSnBjOu_YZ$l$NxmW~Yn-ECrTUnhOBhfe&CI>f4(D-+!Sj{@r|d=K}nb^a?}|`w--fZ&%(0s>$o_0}xb?p!?6kutPl~;T0%y z)XyGzB!VIbpVgxndi1l@cOU;W1W`X?$U)CaP@eVf&0GL#Ff4Aj{@MV}gh14SOEd1Sd|AAcXeW3>4g=Y`c+3)lD#powy<^oXZi1nNO zDu{X(n0Vv-K^3&ggVyZ3vanuBSc~1}jDaz5eoy+RWefGH`1gqi@6CTlov7Ihz=F~e5CawZ&Ch)J z4-R+}HJon$hZ0b&eB3yDPYu~wSVWrp7o7dwySNe)iQ7Y3fJNFeNZZOF)5Z$2G49zY zD75eoz4vf8|Mc>~4<-J#=fl5~H){c?`0ovy(8OA<95J2-RCkTT0{<=X>bl_OZq*qD3?PvG*4t{JupAY|Lz^nzJ zdOLanRFjTaZ+7kJf9Q^mYs$*sH6{OU&-3r}lCQ-4$iICOSd;Yf{$N+~7+giSkdww5 zBrFP)&E|1?Y%+#kgJa!)PhRsoFR%ICd8oF0xjCQx&W4!_z*oz_pZxVlzxqQA-bk&4 zyxopyt*?Z_E~K>Zre|M#s*L<@yj0fz=J|Je{rt-x{P_3a-?T!APJ^9nueap@Twj0R zU4W3_+8D=G`D(9(!O`^hmDp4AZ+o}hpM3CRej)H|n7IIy55xUtau`nYaYwoPeCPJRmw(8>DC*gCrJw z!)|w^1zkELxiZx6r`uq=Q~ zTPT!bt%j78zv`GZ_Cnfk1eM-cC>2U^PbVcmI)=g&)Ul8#msf-1kT)CD%RiJKo$xn; z1@#+AR+m7p(WWYqWt|QKNVfJZ1~qW1o%_kh-$4xoD_M9~0bmiA1CUAr02&gk$+bYv z5)aYu3mp`8>F+$;C-*h|gqnUT`Bg4`Jef~^XUEJ1pzd#SOF%6s)GEkVJ_&E<;-lNj zAn?XTJsb75}8pk%#+Q`iV^COXgWuTygL_(=8A9>A4wHJg;k^JNW|X8qq#`K zl7cBEi7=5IXU16*-9aJclHVQWoKz$dspZiT?pca8C6`%DOVT0&76WJABba<}s{N}) z;By!5D^S=|<*c!-c!PHpJ)F0*1ZY^0Fc=V2Q{wE4`)_-4^FyyXKkUo5$Zw znYjQ&m6m`S*!BJIeE1t*hqrW2E(Xhy_4vl|qrg-a7e%^a$(ju|#%^d+ML3R{r=w%4+2$$s%UB`Z&v<`6k*E3 zP##rUIWpX7=GT0nsfo79yFIQHOi3_Y)bF)~o4vt;2B6GwwaGW)iDQ}&XBiM?ccanp z82lJi*8SmdxJFsRfk4~{r`nb8{?kQZ{S)POq6gdC+c$6BnM7NN$17RE>2wv{ZKt_| zppp>KfKS3jCmTFi;dmmKJC1Vm!JYT!bKe;=a{&l{{^@=hSUn5!LloZD)g5`frYzeX zcV~yM#nkb14BBsavvseH2uw*bOe?wIQzaZw79v4u_Z#sCbpTj@af`590)c=_s9;brBmuxem*DhMion0r z!&|%XwZYt3){4tjj8e5}>+&>qAq{ zt9Cm+&-eb#l-UcwKmF!Ylb)#R<-lLV;H{mze)sln1YWy%4qk`(ENymdjTadzxV%V+ zO(RS@bMfl+dvcIY;!g?Ff6EqyM=DvBe}u{b=v|dOL?q3v+sZIa6Q*o#!W~@L(lx0T zKuGAT3`k;iqqIzMo<^q9r6UjRi%eBa3g0b1%Bpb~bPD4rJA*V_uYEX>tGrGM}Fz6TF)-BLPU?Pj3z#D~x4 zC6F01djTjPhTAU#BVYTRS_OG~m#^*YM&Q%CH?E$AX_%$Wg=|8UO#2XB)UXA+F5cLA zwCC>A$I1iL_`7ub?u}~~_g%TX=gheYc(VbO4Tda|%o11yC~{uZQ6(ga^<)s3W{is2 z0A*-a(;H!aO__A9AxXb2oWs2dn1*!iO@NrmqXP(;lmN6Ru%Im$V%Vc5tw|f_iR?-@ zdQj#oT1}potfbQSSLb3$sbylbetAsj9U8jCp zbNk@~`Ff)LY3qvL#0M5u>K3&M91m`3b#8ON-s`mj2D;m8wA~Bv8vXqz@??5j$v&kD z{E6M(_jl$II4fo^0M(X&D5&&5oK!*H-kGaAdkH3o;G-M&u3!D^#j}&7S~a!T?Kwl+ z5G5>$s9^+ycXxI@y0P#2v93)f&Oy6W^n2WjY!M*H`HitL z!3oqT=Fq|vV??m_YeLgP2gBSN=mSDuw-8`CA+q6cOvez?WkWi&%n}QzPO^`{XtS^C z23fPfSr;5S1g5Ogx#dK8S4s=3d^TnrF`Qr@%HN2#n{zh$xX7}0y9u|VkmWZ6mZ*XA zOSX34bO+$MpS*Pd-d7qlD;c#dcc_0NUrz)FP+fqN!X$4{)&QM6AN8dOd=+F{eAKwY zawGlmkA1PN?gM7 z53gCXS;Dza=KS6|Oflx1q=^?g5|L2?5R=SaOEyBTJE=-mO2T1CA17Q=mX|}yWg>e} zvY8}rw#Kg;-2QA_2UCJ(Yf;KpR2hJbxn`|o8Rt5l^Jf zQa7g^(Bng=I{?rA;)8Ef1fIm7dP?p71$bSRlh#~0LOBV-yR%hC5T_F$EAq945FXIN z@$?s-e?ke?=XaiOtD6Dm5jY!WF8~px46K7)pZtb=FNhxgS?A7PyK(pN%Y*28{8><} zum+xHq&3{IICj$XBmj}4Mu2L1K7M)oz@>=~yqVfVRW&qtvK}{MQwpxpBJ|ma*W)I5 zfnh{L6Aqh<04D*cbD6vmkK1Ix-E`Z&0f!-7-pQFcr&BO1Bn~iOU0Y-8Hd)zjjXFLXH6~IUlQBqLunyj26prm_Y|F9RR}gG&dpBJcL;2F5o$UY%RtyaP{O zZ0{}xK7qLtH+uo7l!5=40>$3#=vw$!ocpXCg7S*q*9?^6FYL|?T6sYoqN~r?c0CT-3j^e$GN+=cN&Qsym3G2v{@QdHc&>Y_GT)v zP-kqd5YLnWG#Yq?F=EI`lpKJR8i1v&E$B-m;;c8A6u?i%S@N+c6iF$~Zoc*kVxdh#7#P*o9N=^WT-bp~9P7cz$y#{-$L7W-){TY?}Q=8@;3~*cwI%_`20x zJ6eD@yYNCyK;26nO;PA=W?Lr1D%Sb^8*KYR7sb!88r>eAhNmjU#<&Ye}AIeYoa#Kq4Z=gJvS#VYm; z+OxZtv`sqX0As~e1b|c{x)i2|2xz<3BuuDNV9JdPoq&4~k^^v+h?D>zNQYO`?p1(P zAn$+!I-drhV6qtjbPF2jk|7L~dPu89yBq*3mKF;8962($#>PPw&Obx{YP&D$eo*k?@R zy`>7@-{`Me_%#>{Rtx|}tTh!}K>$L;|4AH?t?R-));2E7Um2+m`G}Hg` z%OCvi&)@K#XUeqn=8GqAJmbcS4+Vf!YuUIGGy;Ierv=bv`s0id-pWA&!kq^Q@xH`1UdC&^$2N&$ zJ8=^ymX{<7`Vk5w)TXr6n{(&fd#=rpHd!{p8jX*+d;m%d=reNHgM5(M8UNmzeUkAX;59n0 z*K74m6}(Ow%dwI*Uxg8bkk%H%7!qc^oq^3RGOIPUS)}5oE|^x-V~w$pP??A}rouLL zt)>b|dDf6YdC8^KiZFtp3kH4Dh)t{J8EVbyP;0eX{-!wAwSE>0GZ9N53<{v4e95KL z={)&FBB=9Eh16nXLc2k?LJf;2hrP`B4LJz6@2`KzsiRW)cjd3=kQ4CLlfZB&{ynG1 zheJk4kpaj^r-50>$i+yc3qs+4)3IstjtEB;I?HQbejS&0NInZk9ti%oyWkemQ}n7U znqFKJJ2S3KeWn65HFiyp#W`F&zlrgSrt476nAFKWHf3tA6t)Q) zk|{{I#Z?aBh+4aK47eFsqOqwRn?lo*kH=!Mh<6FOcmb#w?6x@u1hrJlsOFuKQYn#; z4ib0M;drD%K}-ZAmA%~qnf_t_{vW1sS;PE$@f}=oBmr+GE8pWFgWBBwt(-<2K zMFyaJ8d!it?t(n@I)ndB#janCX93hrUwrY`rOkB@pO7|GO9^=9LHt{kiUz|mGzgWC zqBsWN+WjdGL%ysELv%f>N@WDVm#GT?%h909>+5wEL*Y7&ZP?`n7BZEJ0-NbCmnm#w zvndSG91UTr%F;CLYo}lo7(mtTFL02lq*rmNTrM0A*ULthqXYo}6VCYd`04#aAOFoX zR5}0ddEq3k2Kiph7p6gwBJc&N2s}F87d};lrd0^1rD^XHpah zZnEa=)A&pBO-N^?Q^6-59)FkKtG;~iFR#QL=HGE#9VcHU|FvU~$wlC<_eE0_K&v2Q zX%I|Gg&i?DZupTfGDb*LDGCx=8YM~j%IpQ3?CGk2%i(eiwos`uC4Di>839o8dk9rV zNU_*Nl~dRmn-Yv*1r_IGf#FO`UzPQ3O>v{DK3s8%3_xin>Sw>;oaiJ-tL4~Z!^eQc!FNbSxVs2sS}P3QjpaZHi*r7J z>XzoQqe5T>K!tpiOwDw_^#W_O{F$>1%;hU-d6Fel4Tr0pQmrDbC^%fK9+_d$bc(B?We`4> zTL5DDcHC73z>pV}E6GTI_~I)@nF09Wceg+N3pRZ~E=IZ+BeL&NX%FH3FO3s$5Br;w zz*o2aBaBi4zHktm$iC=%&K(dwc^v;l!5hr6PHP%OJz;f)kqcP6sVNSZ8cf6>l+zQ= zREh&ydV^Sq<8Fp*D|3fPV=tmLAWklzy| zX4hCi<>F^()PvSl5Y>PoLvs=9Mnos7Xe`&rdj)xiK{|N8LgONBb%}vrJ)h<$X$r_` zf>m0Tw~7f(pS-wVnoTBx7KXbG}Mpx;c||@cy;SP!bpm~$Bu1%`p#wqzADWNG~#cBXDu-n6|HDLXXVSzKq|5+RZ4HH% zM*=?o8;wypBwY(~gxn5HIw5yqZ0{jGko}jRhC2Q3Jy-uw+B?!Bcq?;B1jP2DZ2XDFj@G3KVc>TXb$?@Nb~VQu~aOT@(p*J#dciDTZvnjgle^%o7B45 zY*BA=SZ#Xs1n&wqx5dvqp?td5w3%t}muU zy~E-07wvX2V)oQJSeuA$MC2C-{Ob&^AY}$1L)ySUmvPPmpWJr%O%5Y-35HvB2I2O4jJ7v zSRy$PDHm@WFkOu^)6w0ebJaYS2`2}1waF@mIvTyjtRHZbj(EqEXXtFdU(c27dA)ho z;GIV}rqwj73qfzIV^)T6P#d$rWuR09PPsdfhD75ohd%)k4~=Srs!# zE!w=Rxm?k{;@7R@ROs^YzBAydC9DVXVO+%L_Bwc-`G9mBG|^qAtBWSvN-mc)i$zT{ zry>D3*>MFukpzEJsf;U0nE^;`U5zPsL2mrEicygl!H++RLr;#c2Hu;#d}{yQUr%Fa zr${aK*eP6Pawqt)cW@!&ak3I787L#OqmN2n-E{QT%}qK&$YG1FtgQ_OYcn1`Sd?2!hRmWo3n`C`{t;wBD*wT4#JY-q}vWD5Ig-Nfi zS+d0oDx~>UV>V)l?l^o>4nXrD-0!dVqgpouV8Ik&k2xC+@y{6ZrUx(pd}|R~-r7n_n{_kX%10TlUR^Wi+o^eb;MQ=CK_Amn4Sdb1v8cs}MO_M`H!;JdCiP}MSn&B+TtNyAzz@H>@3RZrz~nI82pu^~ zR=?AD`0Th9yayRSy=DJXk6=e+MxWdOzWSzLkW0Wz7^M(A{Q|j7lazpu-LvJ@Q;<}%S~3j!Chxs zN#0SbZ0JY@sGnSBSvQHpM3M}j)EA4cDQw4;yiKQVWi=8Cg$&lHu+&Iu9QHuo;4lXR zp>`)?KG0}2gQNoV#w#i;+7qr)f{Y(Fm1?05wv&s;l&JTJX=_Q$v6Z6rKvHZP>|)V7 zQ(=&{*2s&!2M&0Pwa7BAAcY2CnGA&<-VH2`1bqH`8l$uCjGTPa&q`Zj4qLxrK~8B?tmoYh#&9)rWW zf{RU=64iB$I+V2NL-S0UKVWNeY|$(h4a*Eo#kHZL{NkWt!g>vMfg$`srs6X=Cq=p- zFRL&@M^4D&P4~%-knv-{z2(qX`)~PX=ijvBFWxLIEk{Bw0Z-xI@Z~K{pkQ~>@+an= zOWRFV!!An;!0Lo9j3GGyfl0GYKbr$V0Zv~9d^rPhQ-^0KiQX}M9jO``TLAXzM4nS!EeEK*>LM{RS zRrRTgTS@}3;)sEmH_v9Awgmt)d<*h67y(-bmKo_{>O$J?@&V|3HEx}&9W`_+`9%s- zp5$CWZy^E5duPSAK~Bkn&fU%%`am^4Dc}NB+#2IJpCI@aO>PEg**#%kN}CWsl=Ggs zgw9F=&}#B*)RUSvfUF@h71FmTaOrps=W&C;gvI941Uif6T0aGpgMp=44Nn4)_ZnJZ zk0A?SO7E{1^#xo>3JpN~`t;V_z{b}P-}qb=qx7Iu0`8MaLAf6?wuij`%;m;GpL|gO z#y~m0-iM6(@`g+ueNoidZnq7Qd=7dV<;7|l_uLA zjc(D&2j;ptx~&Ul%EN6iY=y6J0G3UWYN5&EN>XY7{&>MY7<^9-!@YqK8kT_aW57Gf zbp5ftgEWDk`Vu=JV_C=@MHrdmNB>R!hKmkevk)l-EV=~%qFomz<0dU;D?h=vaEXB< zIcss2fvLR3pL1JlPQ5Le)Mq_e$Y;QcBvNo^}XTLl}_4!|^{K|abrLS;hgIEPJC zQ?DK{8v%pCW6<(ZwqTo(Hzc;z$rM0|vwXe^xXc?7!ve6Xo}s8tEN_YUU<8qhs{Lhb zVmlQdg(=+ui(|s!Ftz3za#35eiU~soSTfInD#Y^+KL;bOD5VDAho4{227ZHdL4Kn! zLh>G%GuL7K7;w*-CQaav4`Bz#qy_LnjLyF*0jvJnGCB>NrXp(xc0IFxQ>RJ@8Fr@}y?&sS-JKqMbetX;D*IA6x^h=v- z-$U|az&$=7?^+@?fp*E;6 zIMul^SX?w^%v7C%OvvU~0O2WBxXun=yxt)%xYCpwfZQKXKmGgg z*N*w*w%guhFiOL{fWZAH#=8Oc5_uZx4kf!>0KRL)=nPB1u@O>g0Mfr-&<3VPdl*i( z@7!?^=`kRQ!Y9XrVfKnIpW3+xa$M?wyn|7a55&DXz8Q0rlp26?8~A(x{`UNh&)tjB zl1sqr09-d746~Pz9?0GA<5I^SlgAN^7AXPm8JB>gq}Tu?;}Aa2Vbd$}&2Xb7mw*p~ zxMMsPVegp!^zI$6#FPublNhn%;}US>6dHg(es|ySa&&1V;EjhrqA*%V&dNJsi2F$b zo*j=x*b}b%hBSd6!NrVn0f>>4O2Bt9HZqD0K(Y_!yI+Qxm-_a`+g_$IT6aBpejwoe zZ;x+D+9URTynm-A@X1%nF^rKHfa4NS0Tdd5@;C$*=P+-QHn4!vB69(U?O&rj7-n1p z?g5A1+keZ~MrsEh(oDgl-7Eb>~W&;X=_fusjm*1B}|UcV2(?VaSFFco%k!V$NeJ0NFtu%)+uL<^+xg zD2g&NgPw{a0B}nyEM(cq1tZ3G$N1^pm-ay97VuGplwAkUO-3CX4Fw0_clUk%A!KqF za7Mc{HtuiNAb15Nc!yjrc*YV9}a zZw0uxd9Gm7r5hT*#=Zu|tuYvM4u_6>^sAs+)_OWFjdylIn6$=K7~7pkNDt&wBes(Z zK*bbY;}UR`lpBD8)CL{~AoKD=w|!E@h{+}3qeg5p9(nstvLW!vzl*?ykSDmw9R^g3 z+R~aU-Oemp8#xG3o5SET1())kSYEq<@TAk}cA2dqx6?V3!N6nT6Ks(I1!B=0irKU}t3_|J zwUCY!Vp^?xwUlhX1 zX8{14aXGA!nHjfD?TXFSkxKOq7OP(82@QPVG78!Q2kc2T@6sou>bY?M?$RS4UveWH zDF79B`s|>hx-!=o#RlNEaR{oH58w9F=(`}shabOm9yE!-Cr_LuA-J7UQ<1mMsPSYd}E~2%VB5O%UI<7X@#{sxY@{Mp`Ph*=? zM-{UPdWiHvlyWlV+N0P2%w2db2!11n;U2)q-SOm3vjC^>dhpqoo;-14TMYiy#H^0# ziwQRaq8>6?dke`4t0%9SFjYVmB6#jQEWK7JHUNds@7vl3gIAuv@vS#7az=6*DdY5A_a8a(@UxGe z_v{@;Tt?Q#AD9SKXaJNDvk$2Cpw->YJ8EU16Eb)bYJ17=(z_UXW!~0MrOhVu47)n6 z0C(+c(gQh!ZBD+b#7!q;U9P;k^xB}<095^a-|gqG1(9!t`#=E!aQ|6S+D+rKjOXDT zy5QX6inc*l7c~xDw8Wd7Z3e)ieH9S(YMr&w1|Vz%lLdoquIP{TDX?{0W5t_jnr1O? zpH#sA|DLk%hf8`OMuiSxCX3)3j-JBURi@woWd3;i_CGjmy7$}Lp8rh&+dvMTktZVj zb8OmfH4pKod12AO^Tj?}o$*>s{w&+BSr;=a5mFM~WSf~{$O>2;5%soiNp15l17({o zVJfgoy?WF#?gH=14m}V>wm=AZLhI=7D7hvnHUQb*NdOAiB)oa}@S7t)40o;#a`t}w zb5y-K-x``1eW{4Gv6ceBwB06Kp_Y}J zDQx1_x*T@Kbh|15%S&MZY___-Qm>~{-E|5C)mcjc*||)65XL6D)l1=jr{n-Ef4+4s zh;%dDZ4Z5J+*A-ZP>G#UZJ>^y}`pvHl%*~D6+3ZOpd^?FXT zEw;L}w3@+1QvP6z1<>PTAhND#E$Oa_1Kk`2!dGmBfvC3Y3@iXBcY8~#ajn|f>n$y{ zDQvee=Te(oGc$3IH4$slK4;V)j3!n@otp(gJN0c~jUUYDL;zf?*IS*`Tm9s{7ArLV zM@kMr;lg{7Abdg&!!a1W=|{;L_z1=n?-9}idBTVb99QHfz#%CC?~#|m2XR>$u_7iW znkl=tRVge`zPvUIP%d5sK~+jtb0Rt!N>~pxLXj3OLiN=pu354fiuwck0_cvek&y~T^2B~Yjql(R;|})^qLi1L^Y|_HvueJVjyxgPf)LG6yoMmcV6U-*??v}+)tX< zT()#Sg@R43-+V8PZIZ=y^Fgh{Vbbeu)(N{ls$yM+fK8)oE!l&E)_e-Snzk8kyBxik zHeSi0uCbH1F{y1D^3kcn|47LJsQTl=HZV=PAfE_OfFsi7NaGSv`QCqK|K0E7LdPCc z$YpSsbNtv*QUo4-;n+LV*jd`9)0r(|O6$<+^nbE<@2_o@VI07Je0Fw{b8?cCoJ&sb z$w^|8=F-L_&84kr(k5w|rlskP*#6+$#&B2^yrUrMP?HoYnu^{u`iSf|X!3GT~z&hx&{%lC6@HZG&@AbL5l$kRNfmTNAJoH6O_W zz@nT4WQw=3BI{}9WzH*BGmV5OS4$p+U3Mx$a2YCcum|Jl%UNHxD%b1EaLndS1{?#-%&;OS zTJ50ym`iXjreR8UP7m`zkH@A2mSDG`NwHcg<-Kea02(E+UY9*dUM!dD5%X9C1z>Hy zHm84h{yQ*A0BfjQIz*|8J- z;syNIZ&=&`JY5RL z-J<07!EPgyVla^yKoeyZ zNfo@Ry%x?(N}Pu6rrA|hut`RfgX1NBNOw$7g9Dual=*=nDyGEOreemrIygVNurszS zmg7R+3>4Lr;uHnUbfFzArHd|;-DpaLL6_z0Mt9z>y#qA)Q_xoYbJ0Rjt@A6Rqq|~j zB{3;FIMi!V9Q>fuI#-?=tgeLzP_x6x&w#!-sIu+|3c#f3&9A|dGB}!TC8SlMHku7X zKVct$TWw(TM<+4qf}rI{BQ?$SF~uDo#Ji47OdZzMNk^^Li- z5}2Q``t(`=raJ+c1&uY@GAhZo+rXE(z*O1-ly8WFu1wA@ncN;JmvHcYkq;*oRV(n;rBBHnFaor*$U4*)Hx3;@*Ppuxc={EKrDNs2R6i&G`nn9i@2 zz)>AQjSB?4Hda+dFXwH;c2vP6s-lrqOz69~oOLvT>g&NsZDByEN34*wscIs{6tog} z(M+LO4_3W4POU3mj*U^!M_30SItR0(4g3ujU674Oz(ev!>Hlhc*G}{&@5cBP^ltQt z6DQ7X>b?S;s?F8{S^#p%+1j#sGXSFiBSkZ%YXoF>*6Mb!-g!V$iNOYREd=sH&gYWL z15$p4<40Bmd2p?m^`HRcmm5B-%N8pP#Pf<_AfcLOV5f$Vv(nvTFjU(nu^v`#!?Yq! z0n8g@L$r82j{?xtTpH1rZSF!m7P5PtA&0#JJA`Kqjz}e8Y8OPi`#3eqOQOfC#-JfM zngGXx3b$M=x=|BEh^>XGWzLUEZzsq4or>Coe!@Bcnd`l4L8uR&$E6FRJp$hJ$q^th zcJ#}eZ{F4eIfs7_`1geeB~fum(IKI(D6%1C?v%jLc>-(&vkRf1Qnwdi$@V!v1jw3Q zi9**%Yt|NF+;vG(9dg}cWukmF#>uLwl55nE`z<480m&f1O&#=G3eXBvcQ&$ho}PHmpR*7Y-vw`oX~8qOzC{X!cw}{%xN*_mZs*t zCQ(d|(9`Va>^u$Hc*#W{Y|<|X5ymOGLQ)`ZH~1jssaBFs!8VoSLgn;=H=%{*sL|Q* zhcW;Yx#1b;G2>lTYMTM5kBc^=m;_%$RsBO+6NI0y4H!`qgv-U((mbCAfRrcK7|1s| zH&&t)bXlgI^KDmzl?Fq}(U^M(TCBj!EG zi?zTg^cCI#h~~juy9{0Tqs?%?03IIHR-|LmkssX{}SbtM*eJ2^+*IZ!U7E!J6KRaH#|r+wIO&!=>A9&QexrM&~x zF6^=V5HPy5!B{j;(9lr?tjkli za+-?z3ljiL!P%%K(f3YNhJaa~47yXW!CXL*w@Ejl2P8T?4FFU$IcKGG6AQ<}0I9|B zk~7wz0NVbwm3SCntb)E|6G8uR*g!41C!mX-sUXoP`ZAR@!&*7&qxBPwl_G$zm6~w7 z=NN#|+}yOYp*4Pr7AQtM`6vbbhIasFemwQr&opeX{DLmS-2-?)kAUPp9L_r9@W)}3 z<(>aZ1q?vzDbO>}LBS3TLs1lH&`ò^zhzeLm8-%)_j3`KV)P+B^ltz&vWY_ESi z-TUcO=S%04JHOcTSrq!L?Z4}NSmY%IB1;M3_N3Mh5O`8V&9(4Ve zDqy0I@D4!j9L&`b=o;dxt{OMZnKrC8YjD$-U1mKQOPLt8l zxZ1f9^CIT6poxD6<^g#5>Zxl#QPB16^S3^a$z?drgQN(?)>GRyVjh-BSj0aK^8oCu z1)-r!YXg6a#Yn)8BQK&Nm>dSg(Gm0t@ZELTWH~I8u!w&a<^ia`aq84{2DLJ!Dnu|>8<KO9Eh>%04TGM z>HM`>Z#L7=#Y9XqOUZIA17RtT&-=~84ZQ;F8HP$KU}8VG2jKVDPF?*THobznAn#-K zKk`v@8u0X6&mPzd*0)Nr447-BwjSuIP$BDfreT9`+QY?MCc8K=+LR1MAo^ily9j&~ zHjoOK*bnXjh}MF9_7iNn2X#SS!>9{_tfN*i>IEN^fGK`eTn3#}4WwWwQTMN~Y!o(R z4U)>mqJB}}?5Y~a>%Z;LdQ^J_2%E;Q{0C-16MqNX18_v!i$p<}`3^OPpi2V&4itUyT)=v24;CuaqU@8mWQ%!Sd8yJ;PARJz!#A zxCfxN7wI|$T@+f3^c+rI5Y17PfSm|jKXPOocGE>1Qk^eC+Mvdm70EOc?Rf%(QM&>mP30heTf?_kfAL z;U0k0brgVB=+e3%Z@!ORoj88SW1R>*efsp7GoN;x`Sh(vHWIKV8Rq<|-wJJ+YZ|2{ z^akLXO_h~=wH|VDZaGH+urJ=*z7qY!g?E+yfAugXtZIpxp&|;3W*NURdsU z?CF?k>;v$pYrShhK=;wfTXDJzvc4Wj_wjF|@$s{adU)Tqr?#9_u*LASz{^xGR z?Jmf{EDU1-gk~u1ixzPd&1h)QnEiY^Y6j3HB;gnke_iJu+!5${`w4OnnAi{Y0jNg- z*n18}>w>(2Wf$a6qGz&ZKr9RGIUNvx-Fwh6VE6}MXCM|0 zo6H|QaPp%eAc#F3)ega|Lzh+oUm*npu@C$Mu(KJHfeqMgM<+0|M+JNd2x4#e2cZ7? z_H!`kB_LMY(Fv?*74Tg>74Qpa7W6qFh`r$-fYi@tPhA~>E%(2A>%-rYqK4QLs(^3* zavi$RAeh@o3xwDg{s9O-pS|~52DaRTLG0F92>cXup+PXD1wtI)5CkAP2zc!> zY%#y_z{wxRfFO1o{}`Qu{sOu#l0h)Ufet|cUcS2hAfV+J%(kNw_&ECI&A0aq!+(by z0wfM}2m&zkfM;-$APABo3^)J?4FLeCP|^$to~>f1Ut(|>GAo-wCx-|?sH_(dvz#TK{s9;< zZVy;BG-XY?6CZ#-L47d)BH@`g&@RZYrtDvN=4y`7;PCL_$cBzy~mEr+0 zQ4P)8v^Hl_gMmcY&NnhlG2^zf3@t^{r~-s7o(VF=n5yL%zuH-EMPlrr=hj>e5R@DpIr z3&1IR3*_eE$&&|1_s#-OcXa07(St)cg|Dw^64T#xDJ~L_#$Ko$3asWJHhNdEiQt$$H) z&M(kFnD?e=r+wxsd`%i)&U?+YXtyEXJ8du zV4K-)BtLrw_)7ij))(F-;T&Ts^eg~p&NHJPm{0$9N(;b)hmTI<@96l^laq&N|Kp|^ z!{Blmo?Zr6QQ{Z?GB>Y31NQQ8suqhiZ+3#AplVy%)2t2gQh~?n6*OBj6rh{#tOhsO-})MaPsKL zNWTY99v&XND7CYi)ky-BtZe|m+BU7>=ehut^E3b(3tFLA@aMCr0wltchxUY>jK#eb zv@emFbc|ku4K|TYdA7g^KraAv*?AI>ind0=Gv>O@O#omksZd>i1{i28H{;$IyKowS zf>UxDh2T8h1Hjx;1go%t5LGdWd6*tk5P;(c!y)+nyEnc*dk8plo^c-fN5L>E0H>o> z>gK~odhvJf_|eG$4lhFO6s*B~HM`uDIsgy~+M=>1hGTIzr|3)IL=__uLS9vwZp|dw z9EF9LDO}0anKlK`R|X)o-ODa|6o8q%Xr*rBck|0$*lXJR1f0P;_S0T#Dw)=lg(OG& z=efBUqo$1jlw&rv3z#fdIKBap;pp{HYq1%37T85?icapHf&jeO2V=}b_~tKQX67lg z-UIVuIf^?3cgcMQ>*QW%O9RE6y~=mfR$Vn02Z2odQ!hx*u9f-yWNq9 z+gYz+fNng*VZ>WcB|#^|0>w1}3)PTJrM?V}Vx5AeLI(#R`^{z~1OPpE1!}R_X}Se4?yob`}^OSbpp;j_0d0l?qi?+<5}dHfBN~UC;;(?#=}3<<&4A2 zk_iB+9Lfq{ASu9-Su+604HBqO6$c%b40$oYjj05rAbY*uq?Z5yAtdOZWV563R!N*Z zMUWT(;8_`-B1tfqY) z?%&;iXEqOEW<(zZh@JqB3PAk{;8YZVcODz7-$!WiJ99mzA^`D!-}=J8NjS%N2>4x? znK|{@zkcrA92oO&K0XDLphxB3@#8x%b6ut)0QH06-Yvs>=Qc!FUV!To2&QZ=nM4NAMvs<1mIwlJNcpfRHhVCl6H0%Jl#tJKQ$kgS;Ykyzco1yafF4@dFfp#_D(W5PJel zLjVeT9}J9<-@JYM&Dra~uLr6uzz1Re=x0A`EPyF51wZ=Ahj$VPzNScR93VTl=ud)f zJ)riyIiHL227GbqMVH?>MC1PM8S(ezaJKrL2-6UN#D#%a2zLMW?0EFo1TIq;yc!t( zgKvN8Qy*3jG_^(hTrwa_icd=egtmH(h7gm~8t#obEUWN5HxCZ(JVfLEMk8NP{LS`$ zC&V-aAoZ^cCu1UixqIWSDS8MfbQ?J6C~vh~E_;*uuhpsmP>yE69NG)@Rt0#D%vu@@ zlzv&#TSm~u1VDD70T>#IxxPojC9q6}g6@(m%b>%mW$>agaUGBj~ac6RFgOW znP11?%8&%SLYc3ivw+R;VJO!XUwE|pF`yTlt9V;tDn#G5$TL4L1#>Me&z&u z^61g=(P-G|(Sws&{7sH&2tfRwzq|Er7RJ2s{r$W5r{|5ERn;kju2x`zYBSvAgTWxr zrzq&KPK}L-IhaC#QMN^fsguy5olxa1m57uQNDM9$lQzMy zlcRlBz7S+=iweW^DcBP05b|*AerfZv99a@`0%&4BB{J&(FmzZ}QjS(9pO0oi;C;O4 z+kmtwkOid9S+`l0o9|oJs0 zktyew<|J(+Up3=HF@~?%9Ci_1?3CdGVoqF><$^6QM}m0_vdu*sEBYjsWtBb%JhPMV zWT0kGBmp5C0cEq1CYIi=m)Rf%R|G@}D| z9;1;pj`mpWG#9O=R0k91e4NHP)WU#(aoE6Sck(8i&%>M8W(apL@}*6`k5Bd6r5Xr) zaKr8-VUHcvre%wdYbDmBizyU<)AMlQgTW3^^gTuo=!|vhfDw||<7`_5vCP?f zpcB?Qy*Y-w}LiE|J+YVR8DaJAaTu`xZtEu^x;;>3;&Q&JdTpnOYa)LonnS_EqSg@MXpleH} z9P8U!xXJ)D3c%}vp`BSH`_5&ZaS|I!uSchz=*Aw}ZAg3?VBN&jK$lmTm7pVBkJTfz zxB_ReXY?b^QOG`dgsRI=8jfZi&=X`T0#JAt^}&!Z#{A~~jlWl6@->2VMPC97LRcKY zC;&Z$O+MAO_wj5>DQdn&(M0=1en7!EBGhP9hvGK3kZm+V#AyKTD6SGSjCnSwP~7HE z=oc$Kh2OFKo+(g?)9MJ ztz2aQVt`?A^-xDL>d8CXnm9tqcY;#y@Bqi)e@i+Yrd0sgl!{eAmRZ|UR#kQYKyIP{ ze364YCny7r2%L>Um<&@9fE1bs^ZP7}Lya)Ee+82P6W+N0_3yuR_xApcGyA{xf=<>P zG3+z|Ym8~EqVM6 zw^$DmaDmX}gJoD@T{&Y9Sgu5)npDWUZHc95v?}oGUei=f@`|L?0LUW4OSE+!zv2oI zgIDXt6(EKdzM})kQQe0&W>LL&^X2ZGaanCCnWVCs&o~f`bo!d!WKfE1?5+$v$_l)M zn|Dr*PY*#lnY{}#0j44Vjd?H^15kcv|Hfpz4M%?QS6_eY?u~J`PXo~0v00W!yTF3W zQ5prHCE=up14|nqO3(K;?N+XfL+nm>(i3H z3(V|da6y(2Cc!CfhV=k6xRotfVB>%YJcH_))g^~3BE@ikZYb$`+tGpO6<2_8wXi!U zqx3s^V4OmU!^<+~Ri9Gt4&0HP^|Uc*-R|f^Ik@PsBHJhcU(TJ=Sy)GpXRpIuzv&3T zzy0nD7aIYAdK0}3HvxxZVsCus`+EBA-+k-*@4WNtGv7H~0+Vs8lNtpeY+79;bk$t4 z!3WTaX~1pb$&}5(=1ijMaj>l|9Fh$R#zZZqRVX*bAr8nY3c#Kz!C3NjZV4~PtyZ>R zp@SBOrPaZp+`!ErRzayttCdQCM6FD7Fo=B zVd3pma;n>4{?{FEqEQ5+^g|8FDE!_JY@nEiWT@ry`4ndekct}2Ks8`(X_|jtp_kxg z9iVSxRs>Fj=?K6}24am4$GrAN7~;LJ-$v>8&3E2>?-y@)Wem)xU}QbM0{|6P55TT_ z1&5lND^r_6G3ZLfLk+)TwTIoD-`l6_1P1sZI3(d2EN_zfI6%~+3`j5nP$v4St>sVD ztC_H9HEC|UTZkzGbTO6+qWeD+;se#XBkt9hOq3gmXx1-@&ufCoYp!v?plhf6wz7Km7-nZn&Dh6aUl`3_-pd))bBnZQL7Q--N ztDb?Ecjt*-haNq72s77cY61|QjQI}?##O(*fBXJN;98;b@0&OFZ-4Xef2rbdISeDa zm58JX02B#$s6;2a%Pz&f>6gNdbU4@VQF*&1%saSnykTArvV9WHc>5m7XmG|mCNWZ` zLNPI%$!j9FTd?`FwPJBl!#k`=;~adrUNz?#%N7Msg?P1XF?A`;GIWa@M5pPqF9Sr` zU_Rn&3#w_jtNAQ>fO2!uMb_pWN(T_Cydkx4xDr=b0UB%H(=FIn{65BL>jZm$9oPq_ z=b<0ZM&e(mX$iox-Uvv+IPyDp_kUf5>tz1!*Z24L-}=rEz3@MHHC7bcX3%-vwB%ml zt?B|^^@|aqDubR$i;_*TS@}JHZos|(Blu8Z&zhrGRb?aVQl!`>XAR`>P{EcGjI$9} z6rUt2Hb)=>u)~~xqd25`IAwt0DcT}hx;1W5&12}(rsNToJjpXM-lCU`d(%0gBn2xN zAX^M;i(zmDuCM|$pT*x1+J3$ERfA!4Ch*bhP`GO}EdfaU`)gnOHvt!*vCwZ_Ya%Bk`!iag<9mQd! z*3SrA&VDr$+bsh?x<4A(Qc1*W`o&oa02Z`Wcq-|3w$}uJ>cHvlP;#ms0$nfWcdn3> z)8)lGr?;n~t5|I<3x-OuP%6XKxS|U1EdK5tqqLczF{Fp5=fXWYgqiCxEdgkpizLH1 zV=VN07+f3jy|?!F@4op(coCeU;0%Ui062`ng>xTZ1P*7+IOzW8#gu?uelhxj#IV!L za5y)288hY&kOT&o!AKH=D{(~?Ad0`U-n&VgLv{0^(T(`N`l2xydG$S%X3VVL_IZCH zW`4haF@_ocpItIRKYK=|B>>?cU;D!E%W#4G>)ZS9B;mTC{JVkjZyMf4nOq-w1&E!C zzX@6Uo_F}gwuFy0*N!v$NbI;f3%<$c%S)NVv>S zsS8+sPzD{I427};POYaZ1Zlj)US9?SzR=IY1$eK914W*q0EFcb0I{(q5bZ4zfb1-J z!P{S;%3FD2qH=Ir0`QVP7{J~`Yv4EFnwWnv%fAoi`SE9NEDK=p?s;M4T;V}AY6QHH zG3#KW;}5|e9-qA$aub6WtEzM{k!uwOy*$?>y-uzf;5EOha=cn-zy)}@7M(MPTM!UBdmR$Uu8JL}415}pkT#t9{wi3J>1 z*5grp^GV41l{pu0wQ`)pYFY!i8SH45MTxQdtZaOeW|&M#0AAV$17H06{*8BJxEAtv zZr_;Y-v{#i3a}%+-Hf}P?$r$Qw#DW0YyJ%qdW__*f*}-8D)0gaX!gLU?`6VYxxns> zBJc=h;KMryW_Uh9Q-*oF8qLHVel4(vj1fcxyTVMMZ1s9m_ z-@dLjuzdfUv-EwDm7o0D;*M(5RYBlX)DZ7OZ=3$~t zNdS`iJQxx#LXY9@-pAn@ym$A;{@=YY^MPDm0m?34tFq!zO5MI<+2|D{Z9S93jBaqL zp5CmdN^Xx$E2UEPjmuVY`r(tKrSHAtsTsknk7&4e@9A)^2gW$UXHE`4S5CZbYNQ;D z-P5w^0hlb>RGyx9auGf}mrDZl+(QDMBdIwo{YI$K2xU^N!{vo>csJ8B9+9EeZNz(uH*(!SxDY z=J+A#dfeOGLcqQfHqGk+NMzl)M4}k?b8a?KOeEod9V8YOilYD&+>9bRBLUXI@_dPcJ=3-rv`F-vv*O~G;R3u84Ajt{X;pV^egS#|#O7|aicF9K( zVxbmeeXPYl>QpnMqkdX50|2^U-2`qT(-;_=4!g|W+Su5@gbCXH_{ZUsIQ`_e%j_}f z^k6(f|E>}JZ~q7)cg#o!46bQE8^!@RLQZJ47MF!#nGzj}XA^KCKJ^++a*EloQi@n1VLMqRUF>2iBba zkak$Gta5g5oE~<>88H9{xLK##=p0_;=|;$6=@fv)F{CVl{BvJ*?1KUBWNZ0^gDZwFfScE88ntY7TLn(U4MJ_~%=Eyh zbr=BBTk%l}+Ni>#{g%Z+ht0*1PVi4h>lCBv7Fh{Wys1#O$%bkC^mxB^W1wOOM+KJ3%?jjE#@z@mP%2!W*t^7p14E9n>}WlW^;p)qq42}d~4v*iFbukl}S+*}jjaxkC0j=I1jpmK^YxT^LO8|=V zV7?>ZE(dr!#yfDecJarQ$(h90T(=5v5LbZH1Aj>R^uq`+Vu`Wm909LaD5(vjg4Y`m zA~HU`>4D$?%oOA1X-MQMS|3@_+l+K*$ zoM2o60HVg&2jLEi8+I*{laX|>o@CicSZ7xJ(@Qe~9a@;E6oFV$3wC~>#!nN1wg5zu ziMioVW5&EmwV<_zG-ja;KnN@5#!v_cV4cklmYoKdeO>FC4F(sjN&r3x74C!S6o4e2 z3w_0RducT8CBe|6*eKNZ#yC zfNDK#&KB)PA8qIlk2)Q-f$Zoy{N1Xb=KthSxnpW;w6Heku)0=n_0dG#Z@~W% zcb`E>P+o(J)!O`*5havCMoBKpf3K?nXmXfD)61%EZFj+S+&mF2+Sx2`DcP)CwG& zNi~MxPg9F206?k5+N=tQR2e{3Os^LrSP&ppo2L)}3=ND;BETkVWjIGprBR|XL;w~n zxB)m708t+wq_|vN1tO|4p5VCP%+$3i9%K`MUw_a!0P%{%Rc?n<3c%j!UaoNtp0Vl~ zC#Kb_E$kXdiX+m!t6APv2N>5lRM76mSAc-fpP%UiLOQtPZ*%;0=)(7m+W!j(?m-8l zYyD)AO#puNai>N=Y`3+%{Rx7rA{Btj3P^8s&MQQ5>oWspb8KO0O`M@L7AaE%U^7-W z1)#DU1QkF*j6sFs-;hxNzV%^;gW)h~EY;@;xGKjuZ})F@k#SYJlxrv_c0ha0#uDy@ zcJvwefI|>!ZU9rr7Nf-E;|l;l#msgUw7K~eprVo7*t;&YLp0|H+Iw~i59jpE7j zvQhx{O2@n+#w@(WVy+r_7iRSsXcy0WGh*`51ps%*7^Xl+atpL&78HtqK}G>ceu4X7 zDCl70wdV2(30DH$-fkW#JV>4$W-sJ&xkA+HT&U-ALllr&@3gMwfMBTrJXR`FpL*)c??Ius4{{2?!4IE# zwMzivwOL#O>fn;89;5(7lxbR6CrPs4T~iS{af(N!5{X2_--7@{h1uBJ>}+B#S_Ba> z9!)_amBumz073``qmGRDKnE0unI z#l6WX09C)f`s#NibZ}k*BDhrC0}WqIdo_9+trh10sabmv(ou&a7PndKVMkcp(aJh4 z7CshXt)ZBsf?z>kDw_N@Up{M~%P>RhUHGqQm&HXJ;)xlJp~}a7`jXe4T?yZS0KAl@ zy%&G}R=EsT+!r|oAl1DO=8qDv2$yQN)!f=q!9Rp3lc4Xj+XcTqs-h4`>T0hFL?*k1 zwwcv|7_HXYY*ADkVHTsqT1yI4ejI>n)=(oPEY0QZm1%k;fw(^7q&v$-95XZ3*bNB4 z%ZWhZ4SX4_B%tEnVw?w%W%o^E)Jn&dQ|c${|Q$8>aZ+}@|A z`9%b1&gvgu*SMxAx05adWvYh^@t{{fmN2V@pyEQZ3P4WmgHb^@OGRpvu~WWTX=JFtO<&xCt&Z0;L30Rzeir$tnQR*RS6CVi3AI z*lR9d(x@tQe6+mv_fBhWcjxmXDf_lsM|-EIhwos=yT|7aIFRI6w%@N&dw7k%#Ikje z)Wr%=lGe~k!Bqn;zv3^0ZnZYI(8xLIN^pwdGr*Oi4>e(s6-vC&F4tw7RG`AfG8BPo(EtmYt(!ANMe}QTkQ!*FFAY` zuZ1tTQyOc505H`Bnh7~wzFH7q&Y}&Ctrq-d)*wvAV>jVU+)Ir>oPf9=P#KM&=tf=v z_~{4F;69k{HusjBmvRwI;&C%uhX~G`$6vF#{o2m)hFgW;0>napJR5g;wDD}VR0oV( z8}7H+Nf5cGS%cbQ^_S>)C18!Y1vL{7IBhn@&l;=QbY?oMw#ExwD#=>e29=(h)@&Ghx*CK%~gya1S6a9R8nkficXdu2T-zNg;kV6Z<9$MT zeuOD4ik}clg500Boq4LK5!XPF(Xm|Mof-J(j-X8`5_Yj2^kCm zK&DI}B>s!U851JwtLL8$S(qdMQ{~bKAhB9VQ*a}gOwdE53Bg}I|IO1+E6p&9F60$} z(mWUnE>Jw#>U}%33CHU84ha(XC#O>Nw}0>uDE>VJgo%QlL5M)`S2zL1rC_B7RCFS* z0F=fdsNf<8M|ibjx2Fkc+G*kZbAyQ3IBYd>L*V{~{O`YA69@>BL(mh*wEHXpZNC3f z8H}LlLS6v~U%&dy7bds}b-N`dAcCGT?QAbEe{KTN<~yg`%gxrwt`dK}gAiq+(7&+x z&i*GVslS|h>HYU#fOc=b`}9*kzX%G&U1S%4w?53kg~*-lo{qNS%UvGT}UJw#1Xr$&DS{_uM?%-&77A>nQ~25AXm#khn{6S^AcTUwi3^ zN1k{A+DJ2^-&OX+Defk-0Q^)u7YV_|E>1vh)H)APvkG;!GYA*ElYbPBzx_R23T~eq zD_6fgcOGUB0Ps)Zb_;J)lpa2bOTgD3hjwp#iFbs&0SZMMnFS#3gL(Bk0xoo(fCp6P zzhn)wfbuJ238!Zq?qL(>A6``^sDm9b{_x_*CMYh)gI9o1JY8;{Zh+{8mmhiJB^|UO z@N~eZmD_-dyT~j6xnFPH`i_Eok?z}xbz29V)36R@rW$u>SNx7>3c4ddc@5Wpd$$jE z&*Jas@Zg5D-rXb!|NP{v1jHWhTmllmy!+JC%56YJJDCL_@$0Q;ex=|Z&J*xtmw+~i z%&>+CF=ne)SE|+ON5%>0X7lz*OKkYt*?+Bd7Js`YP+UvJ)8^kwKxl^-LX_cvio3}y z0NeUtx^wS{yETq>4oLW$!GPA_arLt+*5smZCBL|ofet7#vGI;r{cUX@y|%ZFN4{(+ z@pqk_m4F0b55L#31eCe~zg2DnD*jGx0VvLcc?<5tLmMYs;-IRNgM^Bt;9O?J?C}_E zo)yI~~y7S3vN83$o8xJ}ai@&|Y0}d3|SMmH@XsHBz9d6SK42U?!6wK$o6N0T2=d zz?D;}RA#W8D&q$x07x&T0Kh#_rvT$7BH~Na_$&n-OwAREO!|x)fXo$0_zP1cjf!*i zp%elDg2X6ySrnAhoHls{U7|v;2ZSY19Z!uS`besYa zfls`=+tyZV?_~eDsFMHS(Hl=X5$2*2P`V9>$0EqRiE}dSy~D9e)qE4_KA}ERT8R7o z0dZuczLY40N+E2xsGIOPea?Qzs1x%qL1rqfZ-A<}#QSCwDu9&BY2pf*RX)!_2M%M- z9b#Ba!!D^(a}3j{r{<#$hh3U$Sy9``oV73HtPlX>`BEt!v-|yir_(2=IYsgcKs*lN z*4GH`lWt?@wAIA$O}tNZAmN;bc~yg^BSWQ?aJq~D>kxoj_y@iPxOZ}_G``5ey-Pr` z8&Lie@^y;_kKQWL+iXcN#Iuf`o@^vU^E(5EK|B+qb9_wy(OQ~ z=I^gi!+mjegIF4I8O+*jLc> z)Zj5!=^TK{YaBqcbZODTOahGQS3KsdFfx*jt35LyAMy%7)fcy(`3}K-qc#uTIXpQ% z+P-t1k;!RXhgDiXu;g0_E#(kMj*nV*Y;SEfr92d`gvBE8c2VwS!~ekM=gZCC*}Ie9 zHtHx2;K#=>_N;bhJob#28E<&s^M&1#EG&iZ7x+)ArK&;KnsB!kT@U&LIQ+Z zDQ#44AR$#M+p!=72ow}9Jth1l{C<-8hQ;Y~2Fmh8L&;VnuGPo|Yd#zvD+ZXEk&FWc zpq5Fb6i2|7Ge;bn)R^f+EE3)F&yn>CD|+0bV6oAKWZVnCRrm1DWP%PiB)aZ8e3RcSe>j+${Ex6>~uFEIOSBEE-`dA%csKG;^Oj5-R^C0C;%m{ z#A+T@<9Ll5wYP1GQ%fvN_!T};84tU7hfkCwi^V1e1D@Xp;9^1aseZZ@EwD<^GX`Wr zn(%UgxHL;dxfs-v&d~Z?)4{sS9ABZJOD_OqEe(n+$wr#jWv~Fm_h725W_wscTuouyb;1}T(8>lUU z0bYa<+uK*~Vml|UZUBM>``2nW+)@EpkS6R@UWYEg#_L zOa$2xn6-)$s@Q^2PAi(CPAOm!Q5C_rOa4j1oODLwqw|7?$g6=c7>BU}5FZ1hdoX`n zKHxj=U=j@IxG2I_$iz#2KQ%1Q|8dw;)fsZ-gy~E;JcTH$H9XOO)l+~ zfRCWd(4W2lr@#jx=rRlpBm#xs;lbWMYG3$A`@af6IRUUB-~c2bH`fie#de_0R~pJu z0Ln3#mpv!|>*)q#VHit*OR9|DGHK3xD=48dE{`k7wwIQh2_X<(tt?N7YG*M^!f)CA zzA1@wM4F7v$wuwzcqJW+Mnmyfu^3yl=RIvDY6UZ{GZC|YO7Un7zk}rj$;MBEVHhj` ztEe5qKL|iFr+=Ln*)OK1d_LdQc{ltC^Nl-K@UV6B<*(k-Bk=lg9Xz~s0B?cvY_~EwBWMCZ*^pwt?U;Y>q|Tv zzergpT#0DHEy?jprkRLQ-c>e102O7I0I|A#Y%Ew>$;9LFjBGQ|DTu)W(EKfGhd{zV zw64*W`IVImYio7*Q?=cfaRLI|xPA>EhwKhp;Sa14TmpUt*dy){1E@84PImZE;h^xGkf30NPT>204mSm65^_PdqqaJeola-D?6?SqVXy$C zen!W@R``d!<3;L>AGv$woPN4Uy?^T_Iv2kA@$gZ|psL+D9trs3r;ok%CY*}6yZ`K< zB_MhA@Vnd3;q==>(YLjYN9>;t2cUPY8IL!Y@+bhon^NXyS+2Wk39d&J{SYKBN)AcM zjG+J|6IzmYa?Pk9q}b9}%@b)UOQ>k8m^0c1033i`AYqX$dkF%dHkXDIqpN;#G%s5! zQ9ZV<PEl-CqAa&G6Ji%g z6V;_xVcn9-HnlZ43P1t}U@}dRBQPFx<>44<@;HiPyxh_>jpfI|JRQ{v6H0s5qAuh~ zxEFwA(~cE!NKl)8O(s&L{0)UmUF{ zmOL1S(E<>6#s3-}rZjqEaBtSI>Bnp6YRt`dHy?+g!DHRMa%I;J*bDEWV-PqMPQdR_ zy>&Pc_W{Yfd;8Dg_`ACeXE4&?1i(RSeiLM z(+mR&Kr`grJo>OTTmd4B0gz>4a~)& zso1D@^M#8aTB5a!MPUuEaV;Kq{9bKRR?9*O=dHim7sF?;N#w?_h+#(D;xEt4w*T65JV~|(ieh6Fx-tPOWxb2-ibnj*V zU}ppV0RoT_AV>h>xc4PV5xxHeBLqT{M_sG*e@#&%fQ(QS{1!z5cJluqdH_551o)?9 z@8gKy{3c_~jWAjOTJb#?3LdIQu3yn-PUwhD^fUy`N5WH=&SJeSPN^3ff^ABn*$w~| zp%-df0g>rj@H1pynsFPo_-bZ ze)O|o^t@sN`iH!Fu#Y$YcKTn5{*M_g04dxK!441C_s#k>CF+izwN{QKIYHH-GlvShvi@Y87%%(oX!38&;%#b#1i&E~Sh0`NhZch6nA*Zlj*5A?2pe_{jo z2gDIbz~4mxkaqJ(+DpKLz*qnFart+6by)uOl>r0rqlbPE2D|*$IsDM{gz3h|cizSm zlU}}gXZQM7?{8lA+U?fIM~I$YS}s~_Hnrks95z{&$D!6ym5?xHQ&XZt^^5`G5tn+D2`vTEE5TzP`n_fR#;}d;Ila$D{uzecaPq^?d=T9zX4#l0JQ)7#2Y`E;bF6) zUL&Y0!f$zR{J4AP?U&JhV6TDniMOwt0m~(3+m>ddMcbHma-2W`D6D(kLZ!&at6B4O z(&1A*E_brsj`%&(WG+h2+6hxhSj&eEHC$^zm~Nqmi*~@CMvb9AcohB|v32we4MpHK z0e{XOnc~X#lu|Z&6l$R<%TmC`*pkJdlxRDa;IC|N-913nAO3{H_!|g@3qbufuoWJ< z8`myfy5)u68L?mf@H(0!eC;NlC35B5iQc>XTtF7puB#z9TA|Rq87M!!R(CtNfJ0*3 z;ThFNFT_*jpdzG_t$Bb9zN&9+u$8&d#bNWU2S)z*_N6~km$>*qc<=D; z772gC9+B3dCv8Ci2U8?t(Zi47>US_0E&$;NbPQ~V zhmOKmEIx!&m`&-+n_qqWE^_OeWAAPffKdsjtr6k{$w_NkBuwTCPN7|PXco!FhqB~y znUBR8$%oL)8W2YT7;-vjk&nU91HyNqU;YtvFP>oytV0p_EN()2d+%W9>V1O=2jD!p zh}x*F%uiPBDhj~SS?`#?#X7aNpLaxCjx{*N2C{YaDr)q+htdy!8Wgny+?4u%#&`kv zbsvs_vCV7fgz>(~J3^UFW|P%^%sc`|=0(X<@%Uv&!R4B*77GrEb2sFry2{7W6c8RQ zmUW9Vt`}A^e*F;cUXS84AI>r!R-? z5!+e|x>(A3FNj8ZLeZ zhv5Qn1RVo^`87OrxCF!}j1OuoVzV*+?ph?!EyhNxYk|l@z3LJRZbfXk#?85uHk;52 zT}vdxF-z3F04&L)6h#e6zY-%s4H1ry>tEH^z-K~iqrExQj~ROo^&~|xh#Yk#-2j~) zfMcBE&%{+{1qI+7*AE%ivJMi%1t8?V zed4np2zcmvCEx=Z*Mji~&s#X&qB8A8Z{0frX1C8KDvCpFW+PJYLaIDnXF|0VCQd=z z(FL$3wRIT!JBSb8K7O?G;-|PL)>&9Q$oT4I0_?6 zsZ6p};3I6x!p?bmdw^T$j>{=-e|NZZb-4B&Fvbf&6Fvr};9>i_C17}AkxDPF%w`hN zsHYhQ%v@=A=jPC@vZ^-`nfFfTA@7Q!l?0)ZF1Re~x{|1cl z0+9IWi6?$GLmzCurQfl5KqLVOL77b^lbHZ)#9kvoM_BC?AS7;vg<10^0K!`x_CffY z>?chDAAbj3gn0%Y6dKB_#~|9bLvG)jquC2UZFW6YvfT?n`}}HK5Jb)vV0?=0^gTf2 zU=J;d5tM_^-aZ)K{~IL63qbuCxC(thUDw|k3=J|8U0FYBjNj{t^|x$nA^Ldoo!*TV z9DrGF%0Y`x-@O2g(E{U}LU=)9=+jSuNs`z=*Z)wc;)$2~LCdfK!r(Aq0HW8xXgGR5 z=(~W!+j)cS#!d8W`(zFL4*W}S0M1*xE|=Tw@+^DtJwVc9YZT*(81J~m)S~|{E<&Ri z+&MftY1uy*u7n4K0R!;s&--%>te1f2h9%&D+kETNm0c@fcsA1OPs6{&9+5f#1Rw;M za0QrF9UWK`%XVnm;#PbJ@>fWlfzP2G!TsS?=)qvX0IYud1a1o52e<^hGAscHn;D%| z-MI`p)D-Zw7vbN5D?rcOJ&PTU9fcUp=e;TCEQEv3j@gAOz%wAW?mayjfR_A2Mhw8- zaP)_6SOOZtS0|G}p8QmA3i$7^ho*kzyf8<&oUUAGiWwuCzTm~K>{x-b!4Zg$Lx$a8 z`p+wy045GfIocp{I^x;gJB711hre2@E~Vw1T_Wx^dswKwJV2?*a}uG{o=a>m*>0zoR!q7*N|g2e{x2&Lh@lWk$ z0K#jf>?Q#C)o&wARs#Nj=mDL{P7rDDZ~iP4oEeEe=kE}d)kHu)88ZM$+!WdleK9Nn z2OstB$xXnQKGnOT4lLA$>%m$?n=JG(I3omd((llDwB4ZoLLTU|odE-cOAptC1J%k@$yYqDC+ zBVY~Z7H9pl*=(+!%T-DEGdN#OopPpTwOUEQkvx{IPhX5J#6#{J^pi0Ikm%cEI7}}A ze;h7a2H5-8j$2|qf**qn>L#FW>+onu2#Ub7lz~}UVrW{C-K#6SYO0n+)k3!;jO<{! zLKgn07Ns2yONRn%g-sCTGTol%{b`a|k`)In3&GjUc(}!7;dh7yUXx{+mlazXN9#Ck zEBPg<5%suctq?0{w8FdmoTh2A#}2>1UOuLoxd?g|!Cppf&kj_?AsW36I zvc!hQQhy9UnC_y&ayHZU*%D@eddkMCDs2-~m2r7t(XCD~#c)XqMq0L18h$J6Ds@O0 zb9u%9%kz?|s=;83wJiZaQD6&=h(B6cnai4?p9~s+RdfveJ@m`Shi{{iN5heAgUfs8 zT<<0znhb(F!VEUzC<4)m@ZKSA$iG1na39r{61yl{Vq+Pn9|vH|R%km4%^)wb46eiG zN(npknAcsh*jOg43!K=Rt(l^VQ!GSOXL*vNgPuHCBT{L0EjOn$P7OdHkbH)dD_($F z#OGv^Db2 zx$M|jIGoStP0&XM4L~~zz@I4S7w@f0c!@PMsHl%$KDh~qyP^*8CZJBAN}{iXaR?q9 z;21=<0BcIB20e4C%}4v2nP#-*bSj?o zTth63<|pYwhiNR=D46D)vLFeNj~ zkhPo^fX)Q5uJi&>mIA4EyPaa4M-`wFY_(beB-k2-J~C(knty)diJz^|H#cxkgft8d zs`qc6e22naQ3rbstRuIs;$B(kfgEys|2t&wR}QxT8&kjF>K>_~3MmH;K(Aj2s=V99 zCAdZz$53^0or0d_lE<&{f+WhaB^qj)VN&o^FUG~>BokPwgUO?~i*83|jy^2_sVXYZ zYDGp^sMS!NMr2*0d=!AK#yUXJ({j@OsD-(Bp8!0sO|SPVz?$Y{REx!;Dn1;5F@X-G zjKQzpUOO z+p7Q@j2a9E)u6>PNdm0Uu6liX2Aj@P&_@OhK-3fU2{anBe=dJ>?$Wj4B6wic?x0;- zE9jnl4_$--gCMuJa6f)Lmjt+OB^>{KRo~=Y9P>JBnN{Qs=+mY1zM3cheXS= z&|Ubcz5IKyo2=AfGD@_Xuz%d+vqzO*o3UIN`oj-pRfYfNz z?Q+w$lFQ{@N&^vc6cb7UEr6FJ&JOgGQ3LQ7_U@&%jVp=+`0`{rFKI@jk!GaP`xU(` z%SLZmLY3r)9=3(wr1mBlV_KS(lei__1iC1p!H||f7Hvp(E(E-2n=ac>8b~3KFOW~t zdu7><9h=rA$Qt+lAW~u!vinDK&pqczcr_*q7wGoh_D4HU$?moRg{mMsyRh#I9bAO@ z*CdZI1It>0?Tpt1-{71F)T#py7nbcrXnZGao4MO{>GIG>yZ7md{-)$$3ew%C+2-JnVyo zSdM~23l_dZ6_s89b|0rhHiseT2{r&yCZU~>aUAzhQn|r7|$Fb1`?Ww zu=A7#3?Bks)y*N`Kao6gDkmD_z((Ts5VL5tI{0F|>a9hVhC>wqHsdqH0jiv?*Kq)* zBlT2D0(Qn28>_dv*I?E&tkeowqh$atGFCC609+3W%f}MX%+X7RP#Q2gy%Obxm@L#x ze15jV)ujrb=eV%LV$}R7081uAgMtGco0fyjnz&_}@@)bG+`~WTo$z+`K@G~6vR+36J z66W3GRv~FH6v9zYsC4qfHGK8N?zf>gLpJ9tirN%FU7nm1oE$*hZVRLUsU)(NY#F$? zNkk!bgjsPVt&$>A7v|1;PC$yKfOrq+r*}R&xC(8) zi^f9Vg3Ey!HpN|2EWnsko}5r?F*Q9J$Y+z|s8U;4Kl$O6YQCD!SMjfcYsu%b2P*h3 zVK|fnX86RM!keF?708}G{etv{Wh<4LF3m7-&Tpj^mXmSLkc=uVkKAhm_Yqf~k zx7cCI;hV$;sT%t^kdb3W%Ba>d>|K!JKo4>rI;6mNr+t_%| z-vKMJWttl+V`Cina*al#G#zhD#3x$mf$wG*D7!mHSD|mAvCsoN66;*3_L?-p0013X zOR?a??Y~kvl1d|W_T-19F>GZ2m8I%vh716^lvdjj3V>5N=#tt?5e^WpU8mp(m04e} zNU)D(@CTNrIsDdrNtG$|Q!}nx1Hvw4;B?a126u_y5Wev z(`^94U-xc4%fJPrZ~|`ZJiZNQS`z#YRH^fOJ8%ka$T~j4C2Tyt!Ueu?vQcZWj3h~8 zQELtw4trFv#9|(sVhF~8I0ps~MfCyF+YP6WZaAX9^c#RLf5DsKE}D7knPgIC2}rz0`VBy|8ScWXAQHG!=6#tI);8{J|B2znTGTENf`b$u?e7!YU5HxF&nN^3Y_yFd4JX192X^ zZw-XGfx6)y=&2iy=o9@0p!x#!f(*i3diLStCm(&ZvGL^3?_RxnxOMx0N<&Z1s5O9| z7Zrz6h(wZBi^YL2a$#J|!5jR>5@0w0r)MqMdABW#0x$=;aK2g%6ob*A5K~A1p3m0( z!_{!`p-x6(5&fp$0Oa0m4nP&8OMUg*qdO=A@9gY6d30#+Aq`kB0MjN%-fgtbwnM9i zM5sBLs&_i2iW;*vo2!-vAiV%IPC?p>1F*yd>_(pFLt?=z)|6Qw&O_QmQ=wVd_w`kB z2uPelzX8~-f{ejH;L6{BcmK)uN5^bGmH_Jo;Dl!ENKwCQA=n&ZR}>*0RTOKeld!H@ zEY0CEASVJaN7oDxSD}ZusH)0HZfj9T|ur&!eOfoDatGb&wLE^&lT8D09=Hl}xVq|w-bP{({h{Lk%skt?_ZJM156fFy-#>i*>iNEh zhfV3-0PM(0u@v$rmV(Xbg41u9Rx_E1kBRvW^^wU{PZ|&$fXlLCu_<8*p8>8Y1;N2P zW4zI26mmeEhZ$Evo|}7rcrft0;fRZ%;{ZfekejaupbY%a;ud8Nd{KvucZh4LU{f(# zn=TbF&b?~Lz;)ZIlK~un!nC@O%auwI+T|$GF27FHVpD?*qAkKq%ym3?o`TX0fUw#b)ah#3=5YS?zXFq}taNRBWAf-}1 z3R0eCEmK#`u#Xv2DcmgX<6!?HG+=6&*TN$UhGHZUG6!nOx1s03CzohBCh?x=Iskt}Rgl5y1tA6vUJiUz1;NWP$sr(d zoUQ{ zLi7pVj=q7mqxanS_Ub2h$we6AZTb#C_08rz{auA7`eyfFF%ov=0a=booS^Rjr0`T| zauu35-SK8PG8dnCm%alKUf$dMom_<`&a!oXW9KOcU1Tmk@h+VQpgsq}5dAW;hpHex z==t=ktDlhNn8e$39)M#n$RQwcHuf8|7^w_B=DTDrK5?AR1CV}=c4M+Y5T~M^-Z`p* z?03W60)jZC^8kdGgR>ix7(lx_N6m0}E_G#cDX>B9!+w?tH_-0elEZMq&|1^d5lho6VbVNEL)Q1M_%$ z<1qsVKKq$mgdyIh_W;CKp~+BG;w-oda?}h5H-119VSpeG=sf`8gcGCV!JpB5N5tuSsC>KMlG$=0QK5B zj1^0OaYa`Ks4h5(iAMk+R~vz~8vY$sj7ET2nVP6|pkH(!fHYbS_lDdABuo=gFf)5ON4oCe@1h$Q7}938iZ>r--#0lJ>?P1=UsQOvyr zC*-`IX_~F^GnuG2#{odnQGqpic-9hte$jmZQm^lk%}B(V%73Dns5Bh-5RHYt{M~SB z*l!q4CX?B5i!s;T#LA8&wH(VZ3=6>XouXhDW&f{Y8vk2WzcZ5brl8`Sqv@8+&rb;shu79L#?+Beww>q0 z0!m}eVOuf7aZ!*3*84G{6P)@iLEbP?v#PlQnee$DQcWv^_-0a$is^TV1Wl+Wj@H5Q7RLrI3@nA`4j%V9~K8yzhc z$Nj^_(b1{61n(%tDu78GoQfpEtt^)Kp+1kxlYek4JH{E1JJ)bQzjf#qW36a?lt04?yXe z9@nE2eZqbB_Ds}nH{8`re-VaBcul79eAeR;g6ja~Krrc19KmeT;}Co>k+jLNNlP^# zhO1hDovIj~b7p+Bs99$~N@@YS z;w}TlaS~UlxyLQRfPFkOW*Bc5j1|B}jqd~?O|udgk2wWPHLAJUCAZO9FsxdJW-Q*~ z@)-1m{sWLh&%iIpOhDpv6eBpacarf?npB`Z7?Uot3rUOA^ zlMe|F#WXz2bRU5iL_>sQ+oDMYNQ=>Om3I~_1*aTkTek30(P(iuMq8apKMGhc791JfEDLn7c1Vc>S55Q@l zC^I+oP5^Sn@nE8zwaON&Q3$PY0C~P8uJXkdi+z5Hg}%^#08*$Mj?4rk&hkAf1MkA2 z4v;CA^$-Bl075GiEr)hhB|8reQ534){J6k zzMM0^bAD&xlP~WbJb7~e+Gp=QIQ+$^zF|nFL!nK(Xw-9HDJVe_pveVn0A0oK_+?r) zWt#SoUH53L$l)y?pC-24O*pBt=yJHA#%|jk4o54qnJ+S}UVky+h*1FGE!rh60nlJqp+qd znWiJzgpXqS0}!5mfAitb3oti#memvW^FRIz-n)HmCeBB{{^-FIlzk^190p*<*UEDm zn-}a-E14MKfTX1~2GHg51Qu#YEBg9wzbMs*yImY7Q(=c)Qh8rvkFw!#+M?uwtQe?; zn#~Fx>a7cb5EXX>oq$loB{%2knA^r4Sjdz|Tnf^xq^Z0pwkwQ(kPt?GNmW(*nE(VL z6wrq{%{nxer}a#AjD~-Wx*91BggjN%~#8|K#A{!I8(e4}Y(qmjRhw@1Y!QUY3xh(8{!#J_4SLg~t!VLPkX;(7{BCzX1^#bYyW!>! z0q1^!4IPd7trOn4@_6bugDl*g#NV|i&mP^qbN%|6G`AI8^fuGeOD?iis$pMY!X1Yhqaf=OwQaSNWb7;X5S)Pm&^8eB1OT;p)do4;pLNN741ih> zt^poXhM2cwWC6St+^Ti#W+FVzmN&zWRVsRQ*9bcSIj;x;M3U(a>Y~IfFY-pH;1Z<_ z?ps+gS5~%#415$b5P*}@f#(ka=gvo3W#Hezdv~u*c~{gg?>)ET@8Hp$PvKl^eo0U2 z4Uy|`MMF%J09i)sVF0jY#BhKvU!usg+F6dP!WuxOkqm@&GvJEU{W}2Ob`6e;s*F3% zCP)CMFR)_;U?D$Q0Z4iH_9Oto)-f^wyWs&qgZAmND<-(|cA*OZ5yuh^2#$&%fL|?; za17B=+$>x61tOg0vjG$xSt=;GBNFS`m`{QKYfr6~SUAkhonzr|e?74o&YA;Xdo;z* zjPE?SHi^GquHL=+j5N@MPz&qHM>fn=6A`;l@EoCsk^C$qr#?>Y( zWNZ|C6tfV3Hnbb=B>{7D=lRR20GxD1o!*5ocMj0-@Ac*2cIxFSJVcp zhM8{yUR#c-)|!;8M=fTDK~}Sya&hFX1x2;h_t|4*L)F)9K#UD$umDH!vYqW+ z&Y2}IgoHrXWfxn?4!;t}0TnlfK$Psh^_W4g<&rYb@}8bs_w{Yf%JMY5bv*#L!mM&WvHO3(krGajxhKbW+4FK)&6`T%-k>e{U1L6 z`d@I&qia*V5XQ>CYX`R%;8$SFyzb`gawOLe(D@MMQhgx+GEFma3m&fh2o4MT4<&gHKd@EbW6Mt z&>5jU55WK0WH;R9ZVR1?X5bh+Gw{M8iZ}*`)0_k#nME&55HY$hZn%i$-zC6bJxV zsHM{d5&+v=YTL3)Q7;Zybz|%#n>HXvk!2eImTTew=&KD9-k}KVLp7VtHfxq=PwW?^}C zV>H@olitclt%NW1}z8owSi}iXD zDFxd&oRssqLqJsO^4RJ0+JJ}`yF?^_<{zD;zhT2i!Q#7%eTx{JgrRqKhP5Gv-j}i> zU`Gs+*+vYBw<)||KX&mB%qs7xGVtLXcsd^f-mu1h52kkbdMV970D`p;#s-&EHk?c( zSyM^m^Z8^cid7e*g|y7}3(;tFhoC$ft@E0L(RG2=JS3b{t!t%GSddMw70|;?6r@5s z9p+7rF|`;)1~pMvOv$=f)fyO_R464&9ob|i?_8__>=;3^yuH1>vi)PnN##vLS5{O( z*L79v!>pqI{>S6Hfsse|r?er$Cy&wiZ=Qd@rP&C;pI%(zv*E5Pvb?e)i8Lb7eQGSK ztZJ88L<(%;5o275NxUZ(UmPnD5>D~@6jw_#6^0R*Viu?}8}~ZXswgT;6(EAja>e7| zBC*)c5}U^0q%kcywoRI)5s4jymckMrTW6I1V%iK+WWreV1~nlbkJr-j7-rVVrqFO$ z2fjCjL%=JK?$5`6zp>c}z{(H%H($dgMOCZ2v>Y!)k+mE_HRR6vcx%}2_hY=Vh)4M0 z*f6;c%`O*s4+*E)y540&PrHXslE4A*Y-XGk)Rh%6;6o)dW_5`+g^nr?HpDXlNaU(% zySOxY=UNV5WF*tU_uOm-qFMvUJhzyZ%|J(Hn_JTCjsVY;fe+`v)3+9S;SpN@cQDVt z-_&dbAoluFZw9HBOjA}7$pb*8#U9bUIvDKaQa;WKz&dZRLQ-`*qh|xKxiyStU0TN{ zmPYLiRvnF(GcKu2cMTzj0+1`aA_ls6J=2)w z0Q|jG2L1$&`4SDKrfv@W>0?v?nf-3oAK8oqpfv~nKcA0|*(y(e`uXQquU@}GtWOmT zESZEUNnAYLNc$Y&!vNe6g-DQ1?o9$vO!y^@^R-mo&z=du&{l`t>W=zBwX-x{!z-&L zDeX}OK^9vqzeD+qk}hk4J0NiZx{Sd|dxA+jT8(sLsc4n~U@Wg_X55=s>kbbFWJwGQ z4m02qWX3bh!##u8hT^NzOrP^hiNt7 zkHJu0QMv$Rf_J-?7|u2BdBV~R2O#y$iL-$bt0&g;DeH-K1BLeU`2)b;+KdDsYKXA^ z@c&f@CZE1~^TYQyPuqXv1WRVU+hqb9(RMT~h2I7s@5)^byd44ZtE6|iBqnOu@_9v& zGGF3oS~eZDsuTdmY}q5xtX)!MGy)8A1=2gpv-Ku6JX-|WS+7Rv;&QaT=rPNH#Y8tB z%o32}ehlMa6+yaWYTTlOUaU9EQ{b~@;K|`|&!%cS+$WDw4~MC5<8>L$MgXEY@c*eH z0{Qgyi--GG;5~ft;)fr8czNXYQw-i(rI2>2zmj;Uk4_j(4E;<2*Y}v&RhkUWj@Ovl#H*1NO$JGeIqzK}zVsJuRqWvv@ zhhHh9OI@pckOUa1KL(ms0P>-lKN)eSE6|f?IRMX;fl-`H+i>dE{TXWIf2qty0Fr19 z{6hskI`StJf0OWg`R3J6Pb(ECbp(fZHaRt!NR$Fc0l4OCbvpT_%-aAA#XB6WctTbH zV*UIE1@EQ8a)Sa`=3)zg*jx@@U0>S_)C2ZX4h7&&#?#_xKAzeY(->CHM{zi=ts416 zqR3bQ=*0A$xO>x9-^wh-X2;t|%>j*eXc z2OaaU5elM=vPHoWTU@p)k;2-NKeE}~Oc80-L9_nRhR+jDq?j`9=F^uCC-L``f?u`A1WCw6IEM?H1mNK}>xvd= z;t_|+^E}6}lBhbYBFI&NTZAJ8BhU}iiohwn!05|+9MgBRh9Ky=-!Cks+;-Z!mZ4Qc za#&U1sKTtlG0SuspypHTV?YLquPw40I8;hz!&%hWw-+n2eU<}|_!gCcZE)PeJ+!87 zdWL{j4}^oM+`V`C%}4+eXb$|5dt%vsMn@9wpN+q>GVU@7RhRBs1Hd=xQLtovdT|xU z#|clbx4z!%qhf4ghyy?yz2HbQUI6cE-0gPzf?;>9+E@i5+Hm=hV6Z?eCF1Loi~BuS zes$9Gw>W@fc8VJSnW8@u0wm*G&o-jg%R-R?8Oz6x-r1Eb!0f`m`Ren3RN;g>RvF}S zcMy8-$~{y8ndT<0m)VR2ptT?P;YaO><$V49{{F+4DE|H<+-U;(#hh>Nh&u_uVS-vf z7vt|PPLVLX7XJSA=`t`ZSjS^d%c{Ct&*wc5F39Wzpj8HWL%~PmMBDGs@Gl2*m)_sd zI+#DhNsq2g&AzfLkF5&Gd;oY6W+wnYa$jhaf2i*K^ZYo@X@Cw#|Ks0rIN{5Ksp*Jd z4FI3bD9cVB$<4FxCNo0cIU8URlDId+%Y%mg6y z=HbmBp2A0A<=@SD{!I(w+b_QOmVlFPSVO=YaQRsSzM%D`WvrqHL{L1U{+e?I1X0C=HhDgbdb1ibhS!B1bJ?H}{?FH;2_j{em* z7@YFSBd3h~@Iyx)EP#kUlkcI*D7Utl*`12|s; zePL!R0IAmxFZz5;;?2YThp*@3zv)6+UGcqe(liuUKk!eufZ-HH5;kuog#khlHVZ*e zV8Px23sEKEJ&ZzdoSMMk4C^Pye@K!T5Ge}X>zsSzHX8=-w_0LeFAkW~iNXH>qijwJ z5L?RnL{vzyEO@=xtVU*#2Sh1#Uhc& z(kLE@qkjf)nr-Zf9BR}6aYj59NC%=Dy_9vYz4Y5#rwbGSWQ%bp0Bi`mVDX0Y8EEF+ z1e~X`IvftSw$O)h+Y5lDvfa&{tIJECL|~l)jA-yfl+0x=3KmP*iWeQ^t=E(br$~i*K^9ihiz7_UE=K^lg`z5;D1%|DV(5~YBEubhX4Ri zo2DcxjupNQNT?&z2rHZREkL5Qve+;!nx4U8c2SVnI%7EO1~-P&LY&437S+)QWFQJT z@Tp_B>I+%#M61@VRc)nY1AwvYvTcr5i&|+k8j#>^F0o;VuC4S>4pa%`JQ$8a#7 z5eYyJR@?1pyJ48EEI_3{^cd@#F~lu0SuE!0coebG2&-~E);%Wx?a5Likti9H03=;f z1IOKJAs1$%09dBIjP57Z& zP-4CHrHvFoB_Sm|k=W91p_alSm5^0ha_}zR5eS#!Dch!^F7L8|h^&-{Z2~^ftOX$U z=H>;qL?GVW+(-F3H+4`M`0IbcIUZf+A>fr~A2a~;`UF8>3{z$}j_b4`%Gn)u#T{%h z@{dLq4&m(%9c)g9aQRxHOHD2;SpjJ0^RyC6inJ=W2Iq|cb$r^1?Z?beMuesRXy%4CQj6 zP&1RQP&HSpk?$;zWm>my7jwOYx}tD)nKm_=_UGUO%~}9j$HU#cs6sG>RzN>|J`b<2$}-?{M#9BKwxLt#yaqOi;c4ns*+WUe1n1jWTse6iXtCX>l}yP06J3o$!WWEBsSEOzo-^lSijXx(ompdxNzkV%??OJE(Q zW@nXT7bbEEM?C{bR(B+McDy+V+I@vV3a`awHCC7NyE(kcoC!dx8p@?cj(oP7Lr6#! z?JWP67$GYyeJ^gf!gfzh5He(#lN{`}+8;^WsIW)E2b#G6BrmQIO#O^{uFeY}Q_1=5 zS6_YWJbwsyX-~-f^1&~afIt26&h1C{o;^Sgp1gB#?^BrYCN&|+m}v4p;p-eV}?eX=DTcdf&5zC+vAoMv-;1e<3muK9<=>Wv9Hr(~% zL_HYU$i=knR=2v-QF&$*s#0VV-McwbxD9mc46zoF?DqJsph|X$R(crpWz7}o6ooCQ zGM&=_xED}(PBdkn<9UUPT2o+u@$H)>#uc|CM%9w4x$RmLe7HB6RC$-Zjyc&50UvJW z0?;Z1-+bwW-yZh!3-kbRo_|w``uiWh_{Z?GNGfVcv@;1sj^I6oL1>LdAGuPcYXzV<3^mv|3c!pl zRz!k6rmpk8GXY4YX_@yc=wC$et;KlNUxiRo@CViaV6DTWn;LeRL$_vD$sLdE&t&30 zm&fJyT!m_KW!vuB2#Ael=4=42B?2v!n6zCMS^@teg!I;0wVAOry$e~LZxel=OSJ25 zv4K_VE|%%KmWVY~uQ`bY_&~E4fY>Y4so)g`zqy}KvVK3`0XL=ocHVAa`F49@3_5dRsixlu&P)A*bFg}tVtrr2e_7-iNYx%w>u2FotmK}UhyTU2EQ~;T;fSyuEhohgha7ib@3)T{t+Y86PbN$xiCx-*S`}dz896Y#(Ji7bN?Hh0? zRZ^4TfXRkSywL_c!Uh>m7j&It!iEPUE2)&X5~Jf4FZvIdOo7>6CU!Uiq+*=}o7fto z>`c}Zn{W!&qYXbTCq&I~s0DzKU(Z29jr#;E0C6w6x3j?bchId!T z#b%x}0;A0!U1Y?VP;$aqJ9MJ07rkH^$i7w4!B~$Qx9cQ8TQSWT4q5KUP6Ys*JWoV9 zc2Wchd*K7kU;u)(R{1p!zpbBMK1Ank&I=&Z>UT%&5YGDa*=LuqH}t~Y)0^O~-+l1J zO22E*51!q-dkYmkt}HB^`zxg)x*#Z~ghH=W0BqN@B+~(1*IB6?A7U`kXUi~g`Wawa zcXM=jb={B|!&L#yW`kp}C0Y;iQp3lF1*Qg&2?Q#sB){wuc8HJ-CNg@W3YKa@Ws1F3 zmML@>6I`L`j&%afF0b*TqodTFKzcDap;DB~dwMAa&WsIK9g!$ss#SBlMjR1+dgQwYqi(%b8hKqtN?P{?#WX58WRaj-)NZ4mXf@e{%Au?v~5Q1U`s-ymG- zILf=N7j$VW0BbFWUENJZ94kuUFaW*QHS;3Kd8?s6xDq_izuDwPW#I2p@C%dR`Fr7U-9LDI8-?G0KyCN~{uXCSEtG(+DlEXV$>uxBB&#h01_ilSLIIRHGxBP6B@bSA1 zaUHDyM4A+Qk9w8zgUB!1i;`uQk8sw31e8-Y7FBdm*ng1~K1aD*%r9mWXDGQwij zW%jcMlPxHEe|2Lu;s{fCG+?jCxKdbViW1YNtN_f^u5Rwi{OVw5J_SAjHOK!gTchGA z|MutkH`S=WAMFM{cgGo84*l#hCE%4u)&%(aQ9|E({CpCBkM4W||5?tLOe7Mz#+DL^ zd}7x*j+ab{MMgx*^uE#Qeeb3>2}QaH5rT)wDKm*pd=dB%%!Ggw0y!ihzQqv8!5;fMVTfT20e=C1 zl2o-Mud&Btj}yu1pDoGVE>#I*{=8Ms`#$eQhd$jL{k3yp?w+Hr2%q13?ymgPFMem; z{NDcJ3cQt&vlxD=aafBaOGQhgSS%$XDJuYzl-n7Cje5dm2TLwYH3~!_lEI@fXRuK+ ztFMU_0bq9(vv3L-ulm)aIOi-zj-p{#3Ubbb9uI+SDe)lU+67i@|lw=XC12)2AP81Mmgd6KlwZ!>fjZK+}R@2((F{ODKGs+~Y6bcl?)W z9^&8`9~>Nvcz~nG5&%N6o*j^r{z1S`V=40wr!Q@2KaxFt3HDI#M971{tN2yA1w_U? z^*V=ur@X)b@V&@*bL@JO0q`8mOw|M4hS}|Q3}9Iffn{?Ad$VUhy%d@X)S9>bwK>>gWWiuW)foDSqSkPRyf&$^OLJ0Gu%wuyk z9!#DL4lnT3D>V$jZXQasT6XIo8(*tzj6{e7l8Nmk1G?7FL-Y0Tw*t zdG5!?VS}&L%rhf63RpIW0s?$JX9J$toZSv4-29BRS_H}xl6&}*&%XRm2{?VA zc1r4n3-4n(0mzVyv1@emOelMYqF;lJq52iRK4L;t|YLE5Wyg$xb3ZJn(-!klPC^x zaTi5)6hToGfmv3<6vycydr&;YF${&!#JaL9y38w2a{!@|!k%DOD7<9sHmsjv^NSTG z2$C&StCSWiR6Ut;20Vq1$pZjKY6%0pNM`}SB}d`Bc-ju(b(8MSQ377JZplw3_1Uf* zTX(K4|3lm{&FPrdRJf7#!Zfia%@kcmKUQ;1gxC z%^8Pj$?qe{D3Xgvu8Pkg(zHWjhA_$-X0S+_!LUl802QYdG!8FqzNDrE;63*#E@FpQ ztldnK)H^Kgb8Aiv>ljRS$B;=ul~kR#m$XD|*XN}+6Y)b?S|T+zSR^HXFzj2xvaPU; zqDf|=8SMjrT#$30nj`R%Y%oz|G^H4j)MP0+2i&C?hOCi_;7Zafh;p<*I(F>2)R4|+ z5j^j(0#NsM;JozgfR}IGIC}ti>H4oe+1&kZ9i>42pL{-@r8CGP+b&a z_ZUgj*AX%t4SN%7TZfiqM=2r2D<&SYLL$xhN}?IA6xWS{eIC&xK8Naa>8_z2UhMVz zGQ?h~l<9b_qcrN36aoC9E8;Swl8ezKJq6i#q#5u!gWV)0ITBesA+8DBrfVJkXi_*A z`v;`{zG({mT2|TN?JFS&0?)A#gzb$-KmUz3cr$DKce<+Whu2Prf7iB6@jsA{Hvp}> zVDsMf;T;^FH{Exp)d%~5vi|{BS-&O#5uCT*`R2*}FE?lS#t!cRi7Iq5aoBez>FJbA zLnTIO?qNSE`eG_s&H{|{48_PAOELZ^0MvXeMTuU4W2gxNl~uZDn)FQNMF?J03#)-{ zyc%l=;V9>?A;Y3Wj8!A5yX@D(1%Aba*>1foF~MLsyn|$gZiA_gIaUu&Ln$1f+GaRb zlguky1Hf^wY+Y${sq_$s7onYC&@EHJq{ApS(srz@yId|qE;{K4j>axNii{vmrei*5 zQl_0Dyrh-%;Lxchf{H`u;T*t!YwitPgV(ctmjtY)v+zvH)#Kr*^`Z_)DzuT?Ok?X+ zLx&mISWd_AW}E!GcO3veJ-%%X|9nh63}%2@z)g|o|^9af`*ULIGL=% zvj9Zze0}DdM~@yoe)90EFK=4$cmL5H?75KreGjY|NtR`8pqZZ~BML9d=AE-3S;ogy z!bz7=fEMFk#|2q)IApQi3hhj(My;nA$pobZv5cb9!OEc+ZYps*0>Ceu=9L|)ZeIBa zgR*E{$~&+=OUV?x2-m#^EwOD@6F7~^c#^cC2E7T zExLSOui-mvor?yth*bvuIlRFSuWu6Y>g(esx9C}x06uL27OZCS3^it!vMLNXm|Rj1 zFc-y9=I_m-t+K;6k&1R8S`|chG~tbYy2-z*o0-p_Y=(bVw!^;<=VJ~)s64uFMc`Kt zpFDna2P~TajK<5<{$QU>ultU(0Q}~wo6q^lDJuXUn%{lq(W!5~ekxaa9XkOVmEFCa zFjpQo=}1>u0@x-JwV1d#M=>3XM~O1!@8+?0^MYi^fF2FWhuk=cUP;u zu-4t(oi64zco9+99mcp|HA*FPGL8de8Ha1tY=~4m9iQ;yydgW1el6zVqpTHxlEaq` z4-`sf6Y(4o;jAlba=^SY7a=lxyQ{qwBe_v>dFuxhxVIE$2RQ zU&>GC{eu>QM`TtE&WdFi8DR|YguFLeS9GsF!r`1a>5Bh)RsvenO>UUghu4TY243%A z5CjPCPfp&k<`*ZZf$UEtlU;uSh@)y?zZfk9_6^P&US|NH>@C*W!30_X7v>zq;Y~ib zQtx+He|Wm^%gNXGIXR z)$=RN?cdCAG~Imq&X=dYdg}gbJv^yH48g(4Awgpc*QuOu!>4WnBp?Q%!si|9r(+= zl7nmZ(v#dliPVHfTZ-B7f)#)U)n(^Bzgy5q#up-73}p=VRj4C=j17SM=*n@+?w55oJwPB3_6KV(mT-y1m0>8No zym1;oH(qEN&{Ie`MtY`yF2VA0C%-K z43m907zFH2@0$Yf(_<@we|P=!o<|clmKI#D6i~_&BdD9HBZ(w7(-)NM2 zZK<*9G)ua87J!dGd)~7QG$ZdnjSN3~3uiO2(RFV!DQV$2xx#g!Q!oZvDNRX|DyXs; ztf73XNmGlwF)S1#6+rpgE<>lCWckP!tRnz>N(40nkVqRn1YTAHE{uM_R`uV0E0Qa#` zD*!!tY78&20x(W#YPl%MNyeQ?6&=#PQEY@8McI)BQ&k?6kzFY{SHhbB+*EH?c=RMW5ZW%k zbmS|}0$K*Z{8yn4R=&p0((8Xi09qvvD}SxkzPCR)nfZKPTUCEdKJowrr1JHn#}DtH zcCxpMAT^%v`)NnRj#ZyN1I#^n_|*OTUw!rENetfn>WTS4@Tn)y4mtDXYklk#)0qBbWo=!}1FD zfeXzsdn$9B|8tL58D965y#DgU zteOa7cJud=mmOhF=iW&GZr*fR0XW({AG4v)y5hgtrEBIhI4c5=|HGnN95a96cr8dv z0|%`Q`d~u$Xlc?H6NR;C%s;7 zn7vLnEnmLaKK%ReKK=kSAq2(~VA)KAK|*@^FqYp1IQWlMV7_8jLLNW->ZTQeUp_XA zAUKX=)^B^|MDEVlr@zc2U*~JP4K{LNrcKAtiRkJCr6!;YM;bZ;9ZM@E9y~5m@^&kb z^9{6!9f+wSd)Xu4)AFEb1zuEex8P8Y0}&(32-xRQ0-hnJlwWD*GE88nrv@sJWde3j z$x&P+Hw`oThCl|oQY2*JA#11<8K4YB^g09~opF-VAZ&+LabHej0BA&Zp=JOsq0&~? z0GVkWp0NUs8An-dao~5jvyejjlE^R&MM>6R4@=AKusi{e=j;|Z19r@*MFDz_^Kl=% z*&N*t-|F&75Z$-k$*URuZg6(+d;r?6T|IN%>~3$hcs}iMYJItP_v$wO{u}-;0`Qql z0HOuMD^cO}0kWwAzXoyVo5x>T5%|?3JG>Wum)TdNFcC{_!@mTyEH@$7R5VR;R)BAY z`A+m~tDMjn!afI~E)|HgY84;45Ub*j=^(+Ae z+F07~yklu)mX1M{>K?#TxQi@x5IpY7p&e?ov(8Wpq^+4V)(8+u%gVY{9s$6TZt#%u zJEprOS6=IR?7=|+&I79qY_>!AcD5_l^b;$KZrr|m_tx?CtDhoZ;oX|%)f^ICfTTBy zHU?3C6{hzk!5f(2d&<5VT=7{$kOwmD7UUVL6s!OoMIsJ$=?VHX>*oXT>hFH=s!y!n zH>{3V+tSB>$NyyjV#|ro?bt6OBP#%354rQ$nh1UK;n(n9kabBehI(RTwaTLSE+_X= zhdxp=47yZBFnd&xXdyAG7ahzLC+zirm!#d%nv0|(o;8)o9yHxr8UTxM1wgB9WkJ9* zl{9Tc$4qy3TD8MEC?{LX7^jg6N%cGvN2!9nVl)h?xgpBjNRoWXTr2ml@raugE-A?qxf5)PU~F$<`Z>HwgC z&-Z+q6NizqFB*o=DGSAtgUrCW@Q+Oy_-)v(9pC-kv!?U+?p^~6(TO`W-)?WW;&E#; zyfi3;#C^HFm~|f%F<3k4eLB=~Qw}dpB?UQ3QfuoL7(sZ}Q7<^8_4xS!JbpF&KC!NM z`_>nqo5Rkn|BnB=09@=dv2wW_DN>q|_Gt_bZ-SZ;c=IQpef7TWRYSV3wPFsfv!ohi zVqKt=eEKLFrqU=thou_nH36Xr=i&kCex(#I*ugV#H$qr+OzcudehC0A^G$$dpp=8> z;Hy%<-u9)yv{0Bu#wWO)opp?BWIE0x0GO4!$z-ydFJzf84wg<}LV#sg;ljNU3R#^> zcH39~5!+u&_j-RHl!d+(F88`96=L`G%`=?MxMR?6ZDZ-LMwg$h8{ zw~GQ0%SaC=G6&qi)mk#zo|vq-H7op)yyR*>C=u&72H+u3y;(;D5{iT>wrV zcpaiBs;VkWqV#~p;my!HPt1DAmya-bFZLQ5>g2#g9Q3njYTgf_R-={>0Hiu29sv_x zZy^9!b>>0Agl6glm~zo*28A=oGK#_T&>Dsn4mL-I`ZGH*+Z$s5M16$gcEmbsCAWd| z!x;gVS|NjgCDf^7n?Ld6oRtj3s9&uhaE2d_pT0mwofK?@`ccp3>m=F=nGUCRID=NF zyE7aBZG~{eIzy&j51p5NRIH}Ze?#DHSs8eI>(;Ms-+Q{*5bO;ab%o48RU|7|(pvye zD}}9(?9D_Sz|$F{*1rq&fX(tr(Iq8Yen$&TWy#@HXYfK5_}Z_2_td@9E#5vk2}1Mn z<8~1EU-Ew!fI}hQET7Sp1OeZs^4M&zy4?@>;`99dN5A+j0pEe`(&fw6&f{nKMM%(*LwY{GPk6)U>NTMf(!&8vtNC=W@Kq1~3k4 z4-$B-5GBL>>*oRf^!WC@P4?ZkqHxmzYg-5Y;QsFd@SWVTRuw<2z}7`}+7^bNX7~o zc+*OdpMHLP&zcB*>(wX4c&G(MoSa1dno-9yrd2Bh_&X4c&}uP>mjuv9Af=C#1rtvQG{ zjz7J2>m&m2p0~~FK0ez3d>dAG!JCiI%j5j5cW|~E_}w9$#VmvapLie~xEOUmjAIQh zhx!MyN|M?jj4jH1T^ytl+$HV1#~!zr_L8Z3AULwkguw$gb;vTBbO>+q(=TppwuAfO zX$0QBx?K(YA#DTjEm>p0FCU$gWvyH9~_1! zNF4|SJc*JAkh0)v0W$Y1feDIiHr6NvghQB%D(y_cn{5*C*ao(1w>Enr-Q6w-{(!at z__j8i4S%yuzzfWNvKsikVHq5-T#koRxZUINoOM4-RRDm`Sg%k|#e>2Lnp6Iw=F6f41XK%sXEz0j)H=eZy*vy4@Gs zjlkdsgQnvNluJR>u`rXqWg9gVX* zAXr-2MR(ePcH5mS095iyk1M7ildU*~CBV!GWXIurB9SP$vM|fLlYykGN61)C=IkCj3VbA)Y`cQ~uD|3AhWAkTeryBqJ0Tw3{OsoT zG2lhT|Mr(Z{^td#f>^GbgT7m~rwMrVECRpy{PMTeLwFZW)1-SzM5L9qmFuCKp(xrb zF&xDtXRwZNa&pp;s6;}MrvRR$P|&F=p%>Rqat5At!x0-YDoLtdvIB>r&|t-IFsXXE z!~&Ts!LU0*HKL{T0hQz@lF&_16xSA6U$0=Vt$LH`A~9gn)5&B~C;E(9UKgsml;{^` zDR>E1%jIgdpxlg!!j1<))1vAi7ZY}%F%GQ{Fbe2cU6eUDRU82p>H4K)P!wdwZ+M*q zd_T4U_}%cE$ABnoT}0@=e)FS0{0uIHOLsSOVV=7D`K`^A7_(2z@#j}Qy#%j^gpN%0 zb)3`k@z~N94K~88SC+k0xS`kKkWw|e)D_Z`NrbinFfVpG!QE_vojK_POb;IFQ+uw} zYAuUO2j-*_WXMP?NlRR?0GWIs5hzlJ1vR+jlKfPqD9TV0d8&^Bz^u(stV+@bW4_I; zP;6LC>x>z`BEuvL2)wA1_xl5W(ra)Iuc3R^iW(HeX{M=`stvLLur?Z4R+TA^NsItF zj4W7vuF!Hj5isWPJ=q4}ca*#T*>*PIh4t6p{OC8ohl}B=H5cajoV#R3;EhcN-n)JG z`1*A-1}}g5=_T7!a0=x&qDk7zaFPoUf-m@GJw_+i7-54-A*i~>x{xk~W5N{4#tqFK z5V+k2Wd)$ePmMG4PN6W%@h+tUJ0e|FR6VJ1ETb$S+u#_%&FvIu-zEUbV%|{Q@gN(E zb~>$Ebl#7Mfnl`Y?+=HeO1V7ZtG#JM@~3;N5WHj-Og4gHMWe#L02Q%EX@?*?+AfZZ z#o0iX2u(?Ubx(HBqn+rog6M$>8IQ88m=DYJ0enxk0r*{gZFUFTHV3?*%rfwA{&lX3 zoUga31RuZn*5_ZCcfyG-KHuGzp+_Z7p9MlqfZYtuc=33z70dF55g zC3N?4D4LlURcAD4H2wLwus{}~q;cWAJ}aFBU^g(Dvnox}u9g*meS!8HhO3?T1$@*5 zSs3Qw4%N43oCKiAaSlxg7Db0D3S}GsqDG^Ys?};dK(3@lQV5EyL>G^~T7^amt{FkN zBp23dl(LXZatiHN65Yj$YY)*((U4S*@rr@A-%s_hB-e8^Cn_y5U0IIs@cq~Z;CDql z`tm0?pKKe$TuA2Lz`y+CIqA^oulGe0FKL|KT;GM87lyz zjbtJpjQLAN!RMYJqe+A%edR(&I0-=2=aaqeiBCvSQfY|-APbe;?7>jR06FM(({VkL z)EKABIV9jEheAFJkpVMzij5kiN|Zvo*@>>l13f#^au!SeL|0Oi#Zn@%mvXyx)fF^Y zhr%TNK@WUCwgLE^VNc8k(T}%!WNl6C+X zb($d2)CdkQNx4K{$3KurF`NOYlthOt8ZJsxC8jY(?Ui0&XGRA`o_?%~hbRZF zxn0dT<8LIAyW1-8|4#0qxk<>jEy6{FT3ch*;DWgHt5=7BXCZjy+STjFw@i0`_0-+# zmtez_Q+wL)7G=)wi=93Lba1RgR`VP;jtkMvwf*Eg7pisCJP!c1#k4Lb9|*2bKU!imrx?B##G;K2&1ihG8_49PMB@ zZivA5V;g|)z-p0ye_IH-i2m`*3sVL*T|F5BzJ~3Gmo8trbotX~eh4S3qOavPT1z_5 zFC`s3vGTN0(Affv!)0`{ZIdzSL=rL;Z;m&4`9O}Kc!GU)3*2o6)stJ`PQu4=>F9)$ znRa8$H#yo%`vbukxe369Bo<4QFUD}07~KKWOzC<6AWP>l0N5d&gePxAv3RfruR`Xm zKswS5GK~S$5)>;01R=i)s?I_MS#pjT))JDTiR{h-K3?_mOw3KTC3ieA-v;3S5c2g` z+qMW7lUWA-%S9;zpAG>(hwloHOU@yyMdDfvs*($aYTGFf`(iNDBaIP2hh_uDaK!Cv zaon0>d}!>qbD?N3d8D5N;4UqT4pH9}K^97vl9WhXp%aR`irSC5VlxyH7 z#sh^`z#ocl0+9EqWdZ=!bOQ(QG#m>v1cNy0RLdx!;~5UmN%a_G5fq2xfEcMkt1Zfs zs2c7BD>2169}{&uRN7sgB>Mp4pb-c#KCbIjY06!I@5wd*-vw$lhI#n)_AdCs`Pr|{ zGVsNj#(DLg*%aXtd`BZ=pfIXT(&Q56QXFkaahJ5?aiwF7+u=m{uwy!F#DfmS5wAz8 zb)Twf{&l21uh)E}8G!D3u77xVIL~@?BZ~Vp*%6rZ7^Rnu32_1nG}p3%Zq^!8N&CbR zTkG9nhY6-O0f_fhe+Eo_S|F8Csm z7TfV=N$_`6XV_q`g~kb5zmqn(_LYCA{@Wem;?+3s*%^-FVragsXPBYQ5Ur1Wwv zos5Neu+OT)W>*m1o4rNx(0YeWHUq38`Q56s2H%fu0KS{blWhWCMA)CrtucAHFs}XX z9fpATQPzV(onfjmfiAU(!wEj)XqI9XJv7SN$fNpreSc>#j(*UAMXD4rKiF!Wyk5 z1+o#c${Ow?yHB9}CD$}g`|JQCKedE2xqizYR~*zD09pt3a-dpPRR0(tP45A~C_oAV z?N6T;PtXY^lo#FdLUk=0;cWo^Z=EF|`qsxsv+x`wyX4^%9`XQD&k{TV7Q%x;?#K=s zHaiBE+%g3lDDl**GfPnq0Vr?xnCx~OPGAT1rw67&ICz#R{PgU63PDG80yfap<}hTu zCcuIa&s?0F#&3a`W#Eg@6ZM55;B|Nxc&CFdo2v`}N&r#s@66}bly%Db&;$H%#{+16 zcXy2f0RWYqId5OY7FpmIlN4Bpe%yTNDdYglR)>eXi|KS)#dG}-Y_xjKz6TK8>fC~5 zk1$)b*#d0X$E>sM#uphIY@Yccqgke6$C1=t0SAC;xdl(z04>Ct*87%v)SlT(M=`Kf zV75wsRM z@KeK9%MK8Yn@%s){AebA|KsAU27WdK{2{y(8vug5_U|k<+Y1My*3l?>`lj{r85?4H zcKEBO-W>k&x4v>bLfGJWHWYpJ=S7Ik7nFGMG^Z~J1inAp0DNcmM`kVf=EFNEe2W8L zI2d#fzRHHu{AB6y-hSCYS@<~;8Cz2Bcd|uJI%H~pR2tE>j`ooX^@{fyDy*e2JZhauz z0DO1oH|Db7oA)2xA>fUsUXfK;GlLYxV0K|C3VK_}yYv8^cNG9e3|qj*N+1*UheH4} zc3=cZP4WBP#X2CPM4+#$?VuT+273T=sXOd<;+#IT7MsIMkWttlR2r`7%BfR69&~Tg z$*{qQ&tQYG8bHtC%MoQQU5T+h0??)=ac)WG`~fab0I{PumlRzzFIAEo1T?&{PQPEI zCjH?&dQp~-eXH6(fBcI-UZnknO)CN)zc~UYUgv1MHb-<8 z56o0U_mf?h&Z$-a@-Dd@4|ip?5vG_PS}93>m(FT!ebdqsAXCkr2B5+m!Ca02Ku4Iu ze}Jqz%jGhbWOiqM#ur6F*YZBa2uFOhVg+E9bGV#g%1in3M*9c~q#BF_B{gVXYJ~zI z)$y338@`~glC?C zB9Z7iTQHZM%lR;0Z|DaJcgU*+CUUo}ibGhyAoy zmf3cG2`j_JLrtJs2uj!hogE&I4_Gp3UMk=2p%9j$(fN?on#1`#bCGTu-w6HV#j1jw z4goL2)(5c-!1sfH{bUn?Up;*M&7GW8?SfbIv@$%WDkhgs(I1afVr=Be`1hrVCv|8T zO0izyk!m8*+u3VNzQeuMVpv-lGP4^N-6bml<2jf+8bO+N3>*S2CtC25mXC~tn!)N$ zZya-m0Gv`U%8|jQ(?QL%_@TH@7d$zqO3}Ssg&@iS=W5;)>Ga`hHC=kbsuY|Xbke#~ zX@x*oE^{=gc}YQaq%YD<;~OFW`pw1I8SW|Db_ntFwi>C=GJ1=Iaowzn5x-u{DN-hd;K8Q#cK-yeYKLUW35L7R3rK&Nf zkjbj~10%+IcZ$d+4s~^SIyW`eUDadR|IIoWc-<=r_{BzSjC3370{*8^0RDTT7lEI= zaK9IV-hkjQKDjKJMP;>9xZ<1+r_SQtdH~8mHNU-XW(c6lO(~60Vcit$C;)b=*i7@9 zU1YR+vAF60q$6o=Pma($FEKNi%RPY9fIozaHR!`{q;53@o(;xiUGD~{u9VsBIdzX) z#vyvql}@0<i&NM z(0du~i8nXu-|^N0qAuWn1qI+u5a0ji`>#L$h74^ zqwTtOZ*mF%OE$eTVVz9UE_BKS01V}Plrs4tlxtCdo+>9B5-)K)%S`dGz7IrL2~*(Z zRspa=6t3zs%;gCCQC)y%DP;?F<7j5ZTg|$6<#eRD7-8xeC^8ucI6=wH z3VExpYsr3Lz%1~UEVTiqbVGzdHa>-4U_~R8sdB4$@*u~rs2Xbr$kPaCa&)!;0E8{g zF6d-sEDbAlmjL{XW*1QAs{t|5D8PaZ3j6tym9Nrj7&4ko1?+q4B0zKR2>v&y4_?0S zrA>Ml#B--#77KL&{|hJp|8x6lU4&m;NQq9N)(ysDO8g><`vGVc>1uSB$q%c{Zs05# z%$I=()7gu>(I#9uCWX_DaJtwPLa8=gJ?YVEvC!(fs!0LajO1tVvl7G4lkB`;GAD-| zcdMt4#r}%h3*O6)O9bWz;Hsg`VN4g7bciTtX~iX>&+wU{nkP&7m}1Sl@v!SAtOGK= zH^0@5>9+!%-9fMo{~xcvbI;4~!De{|bpih)C;xry(wDGm^|WmK9)gK*ro9j6;VEFUZ~;Uf_$ z*{Xd+fQQIBCHToLcSZ$BpvLAdU0M)Bz!&89h*y&~~)ZE!$ zH!)4u8|f09hbq*eYsS4hIrVfQb5Lo9XBZqh)zA$7M>?O~^TY;~1YBEp0bfBc#N9j; zfd4s+AmNG~ii)NJIC!W+DgZ!K0t5vBxEK{Nzyp_8Q-Oka6(&*uIN?{gDiop=kT^wP z;GJ&yP51&G>dLL~^(_L0^*Nj(D;)xSL?=bTPP9UZI{-iiqNIP^fi4L=*4k5ODa?NY z1t79*HgOgN;Kc{Mc@WeEylE%^k!|D8f_$)HvmgKup?Q%10t!H6+jKsBVv{yTy6tj@ zIFx`l3lCbJum7 zlV-NpbF)V{{B2~bkjmEE%|WJrH1y*o5Kh(r^X*jK_v>ys4E!s{2z|h#s6Px5a3zFa}CKj?x{?I&d>Z4+^0#m=iZLA>qwhE3>;@2MT@)cF5V9X%~@qa z>$w~!okK;CIhyWqn$GjmXxcIb%SzIFn)gdc4l(!#Pyiy^$196}&u5!f5auTjKl|EU zUMKLyr|y71BHCKk2@2_+#kxihGKOSYs@b#ky`;Is0m#DD6fC6&iO>c7q|(bfW$rWyXPr@el93SbX||Iir$86P8gMqNG#1t5lJ=n0mwr~9%N2=HeJR5X7Os3 zrB92h46&kANxlY`aNPakdNUbzN7eD~-$9f^27K=W2R zoQ<~Pig0jtdb&C~Wuy#T)0Vj2d^|t!evYl+8FkBy$lVK^+)rvuuTP~Ws~%&ldTOI~ zkq!4nSJR8^$|+b9Z^3d;XOdUwr1V2Ohrk z(A}_BXxtkoZNJYX(0%}BWTU~WW|ebOIpfG@61q+;kI2Vwx`v=*NI!B zktAFk(?TQ3##;yKy=*?8uR3kY)@yLhMb&l$OYoTvH@s!3L8B4Qro)L~P&0R3YmnFZ z%tYsMBR1C`viBN;YQCB~!d&+BdH^0qWJ_XHHt$`*DF<*y^VV6}WcWyg=R&O%uUUqg zjc8WV;!OhJn2+aW)?mX{wFUnO3P5BFJ^q&YvQiE)f{!r|OXO}mYx2CL%8`hWjW;XvM$XBN z#^+szx5BsZX^vJ{hLQH-RF*x5YigVvV|oT%&3PJ!q!|(9Y&)SuMhRBUmBevFGwd@d zl6FIi6#zJvIE{_hHJ;6P;2%K&h-@K$Z_Kwh@LiCf?L7RNWOk52)vTGEYyE^)wH?Q9XiVSFC0lAvXX&6zRwE0zW|89< z%d!OjhqLxEz{CKViB!vCfB;Xlt0iowYdZ#e2mn-;O)sWn#i2}N0@s}|{IRRWSei9x zc`U9RCMdZ_vc~H{ZU&`XJgKLb>|oY!)0PN_uO;6DnAcFh_?2C8qdE<51 zbUP0{_0(fezW9@89@v4kTPiOwdW=4@W!LWkCaMxMKec(52_=tr06Q$suJ!=AlIR8C zg4>G)?ZB@Bu$0h})qK91P}cz%wf)CdHrQRUd>^hUhwEJ-Ce?X`tJlpFfD@qU{4l=U@RdBd{XM+lsJ~{*}lq$O_p20 zE|W{f{FQ~88!no$e4(!TkHBp! zK9KXrnNdvVb7cUcyBET)jsZ@i!oAt(IGj#Te%%8sCya&}kDFcjG63aV+PlhR@f%MvqL%E}>r?o&Wj`jw?LI;r#vm>+gXU2HO6ds&KO?8L{U$HdvZ|??(k$g!Ii{Iol?ypE+l!X1 zx>dc%(2Xcb5EQ^lDxT5SQBPscgnR-12^4_HHX>i$_(8xw55PcEO;#XKnX5hA*;8W4 z;Y6?|(S61w0L03b>=(0YET~+WJjkfQ%rB3?iCnc>&#O$y4>(63`tRcs#B?x7L5<-u z@C#};q*hy)D;33>U9s`?sV;K@yMxFv z1wRQKS0ybd2#w^xYVgfgFU8>1@KzHyBPX;y89{^v;BckZZ8A zTPP~`2Bm693r2K3!YyGXxntYRu9gj6ZJSg!#T;`vm5g}^N8Eu(;uyfvU{@6U6DR=c0R!;=B-YAA z$4@b0c2dFciU>d!QYHU+ahk&5?<1#E3IHo*ZbiXIrDnHHQxtfJMQZ1lYi9&_uxNR< z+rdEW_*$*?kp!U1Ge6)`wL|Yq4_=whZYvS%wx?wrt{@8Hv{Z;zW>f#`!eIs0$`=HP zUV9!w^aMm4S|=S?3)D_T_(xCxB3o%gw}wM*7z#jSEA4#Y4FYavQB>pxp#Vg-(*_qs zMQ#oXKx8}puLl8R4D20;OcY^j~^UiO}W0r`==GstNj2Ey<%sTs2)H+VPT2ssCPpWsQa zi+6^nE-F>(3bAB?)FZsrTfP(F2}2ny)d&h=M)QBl%%sL9DUyH2apJ@V0tkY_OJY4- z4j?oTKoFFxLn(L~E;&{!0} z3F7CNRBax7u-o5k@GwYd3<@C2UxK-{1s_@9G7pSJ0V88i09pSGbYs|ujlB;AysU2q z!8~wi%n9H;GE^Dfz2KF9P3=W{%QV!Px2#YlV zJPx52FdFt|RDIoY@-Y*#s`J2i_b!rE@CBF?z)8lx>{7L5KXZV2u+duz`14OGTdau{ z7h?jbXMiOn-hc;^Y?-}}tAJP+IylAz@VO&pQ9Y%EvLPCcOqN7&@yW&H!aY9@hj$}| z#h?JvQTRw4sr@k{nvB&Y^>53|?a;semhulNU|4Jk;3R!V>!3K*w-TbcnDjW9mf+(e z;QX+;+3W@o6k7tgk}gEml>CV&4h*8TDAz2Knh9|tfIJPd-qHYKVoLxgN&H?9f_1;j z{GlH+2Q_r=m!IE0%Xz(3|BUl%KDY4;kFUR9K6!lBK9#g5Zj_t|AZ>qRW&F6<62R4Q zOhqdB%TGbJHUnu3q-tAq;#Z`Pw%6q(W&Pv5|NMmh`7&o6pXt{p`Elp(&Xol6l>t7j z3h3f`CHQQt3E-r9P|ECHlrXE_dP)S6L?Ow(@~URrj(w+nzg%|SK3-eisV}kreRadm z@!QbKUcY{eZbr=sG34hO;3Ioy($hu~#qnd|#=A|~cmZQfFk;vY7E6GDX!cAXpd>)V z%v?s%NU^X_tvDIMB?n76#2P7?2F?Tv?4guwOY{o~e4kH#O7?j9zKiOl?TczC!! z_vr8tepcc2!|^9@{BGmOLO?_D`*>cBpRlT|yOXnobX%BAWat>iI-dRM@X@2gmG7Fj zx5mf)glTAQZtlCy{o~`kRkNj&@+xl@08L+h>ddX8Xc)>k5St6`8@puTzL|7g@UyXr zc&|V2FJI?U*^j^gsXZTGAcP=nW?^UX`Bd7)MWy~+DpkA0`>VqJ<@;b$MR=2h%Uoi6 zmGZYk9RH8ZK6!dp=_m`(REID~=X^mhy%P`i_Ik#FL0mt3x4vtYebLPmyVDLD-K39$ z5vRvJYL9q4k>G)8ZXy&oATxW*eeQd6K(1MbyJzNf?U60kL%!B`Bj1mNCmxQt2kq|Y zZF1M?aeC~d?x4pJacp!G>%@uQ>}Y7;mradl`Im0 zY+P#dgN|ob;5Dl%d?1BxoGUUl`HNQU&!r0GYx~RB`2#1?N-~{l(M%Xeg05I%U4@61 zlrALMSxpoYqU}Xn4fOP7F$FhIrv)0}Sx{2f#AxL?wdAz zBcY%z6k783E({!6!|rL@ed~Rfx4*Z~{=h``BlhpM?V-oEo&8ldmZ)4f62XP+4|mV>vJ4*lY8sy4%d{+WAiMzefD|MF}hg* zG$B|7N_>@EkxC>Isjfs*N{StMt<6n|Kk{`;tL3jCM2uMG?WB&^TxX(M)=1<^H7b!o zVhbf8`sKEvs$|c$V+u5vsS%3GXDZDCHqIMmjzC(;)G6n8p=zWWRh`PqGFlIqX{h3} zs7$1iF~A69`of7eN(Cx{lIHP`O9*PekMiGY?yNaLLhHYE%APQmWt-12dVg@_ARO`b zG3@m`SXtZhEi-30_E9Qu7ga-Qp_R%%-Vy~ljXJuk)ArKjz zJnmiz+j9YKtxtXFJ~Gph)O~LiuHuXl-8@ITAG)I z_bAB#C_GUTh9^m*+EO;H3bd2fEh-%aKuCtZnX`bVmMFhsc|07R9$T_~A6#D;pL}Q` zt8=#<(>;gL@wuaYLiU{t^Rqu6ou1y?TwQbm0Dbl`PbBPijkukziJ7R+(eDaRjW2p5 z1LKd^hCP9P__q}EImSkp{nE`3UA{oC&o$<9PYrkm*8qUQv7imc8gx4yr`?+moQ~az zVBgV`M~_zaO{b1!_s;&b%i|2&ZXI;c%9@)6K+{#ep}AF8Q=iYy&fdH}WBU9n)?Q!m zT2kPYxiyAGoY#Y@zz6aYx;;&(j1RAQSvK1gVOIv>x^z`dS4(MNAcfZog%tN+)9oI- zRVf2POrmJ+IaaX~N;Vu-fKauBs$wC7rA!U)pc|P?87)FmVJ0FYEv;o5sjOtTF%B~k z03e}EtVN^Bh2uAs6C7K(waj_Gha`1673XX|;`ZakUOt$E3j!HVb%jz9QY! zZAok8N~Kb-Gd+e26EuB$KL-E#B;E;~jy z3xN3Xz9t^2zBqgO^z7m#9O3-&S3JIW)2zK$TLvTll_ig;zB+q)_L-0T5z9$|Z&Ku0 z;XK8o>{~NateB`)ff;HdThb|x*pSc$N`k?cFQM(kRH)Z#My5iqc9@gJOhbb~(gh=9 zXqu5Jf~CgTN|SjbozM$~Lavm9qpmStW=k48hAO$gn$A?HmkgZ?2WgZV#bPlBzx-ri zS1v>y2OyW)0OXQnHk(wz4%hSP2FJK^MRW&`N+(%>H^v0)Hm?>cxewX5zdb)cKY#v1 zTkrJCCdZE-K3v}F?_Zp-5Mo*P#)H!c$GH*b8Uk=G)HnQatZy6v*nKj(zP=uwbdN=Y zql0(n!apxN?hmbOPi%*`Cihns7HrYS(PeV%SQ;Xd5P+_r&Ftl_e})7GDZ<_e z^fkgR_5O_M!G)AI3e=nR}D>#sl`< zlP6Xp3IXT^OVTsozUAw;jjZ?=Js3;22N&G-0q0|wW?YF*-HADFTjw^mEtUaaU%zeO z{=+5v@KSWLhjff?767TRvg!)aH_T4Ec#V3Q`l6OlMaztTDrJeJu_m5E|JUr6Dl5Mv zf<+@dgIOL@o(rU9a6fU@Oa>r#LWM87qXiB?E(D-}E7ES7tZM~?R`VB*)vTtn;n-0x zf@5Tq3^*3c>HSc2X1=G*o>4!@C0chU(JtpWZU~{qp>`-`>6b z1p3fYvF_*XX12Vc<;A7tWmn({L@Jz16U+kanR^@@w#*>_gLkbbK?Xqou+!yp4h#&s zJPX4k6PEphty{K%1&`Yev z>2nQ-Mx2hF0rv?Zv(vt~dC_xBHoRf0^+9MLYFpUyIC}fsuBrb4_|L@i0L33O{)pc=k@q$vqY9CdoJtLH3LyiEnh7lGRb9&Ji=s90dhNWk`ERLYG?#nMoY~>Xm zfY33>a1{V)x|Yw?(^LYWas>cYt&+>v5|>R0OzY|8a#?4GGWSX=l?26eGlp9yaOUlE znF`pK30~#KX&%spP0N`gQL$}<4O7s&z^iT~iB?d+$Icd#WeuR4&ox!70xr1Bh z3EsM4K(M*10465~AQyk1gq-NkvH%Gwy!+u>en+~$oO}Bm==c2mUG_t+UMp*>tE)rS zZYx(eC0sK*_D%oJpx-(M0HnKtjVBQV;Ni&lLS&8sFt8PhdYKDMj$#A$=)uae%jX^( zn4gRG_x2C(O)lP^4>>l5fMJml|6F`y)E5kc6(>E?%vcayV2@||G-MlISvB2@h3tdz z!-wu(yL)VnY{q(rhpbDU!)=FWg>-M;+YLp+!+i@5&*WIVgO*m`EC5QAW|lU=ns7l( zy&>TAepbNm{ESwc%4+Rx1m)<(m1{_N3+K7=x6lGS7>YZ#T>Xx4$m1II3?7p0$l^RPjoXKVzFjL>4S6Ed!SyY7 z$mI)qmOJQw{$>Ht)Wt0cc90jJs?W|a>OtO|A-Gf)1Gylt&Uh}%)xNJhlZPgy90TFy zq|jXKF8kJUMxYAR!AY`~1;`?_2tWqMQlngMV2X?cKt%u`$5|<-*9_K_12Ai}#pn05 zVku)JC>5f>6tA=AsNr*{Y-kaH?6tfAKvip$N;!pqSyw75R0SFqlRQrcR5pNsHC{F}Jr7{4DQiSQ+&RPoBl=jWyAeQonci{M*zxzyCxGk zustNR3kz$Lo>RgAc*o*5PuLbVdwRObwtZ0u--0zc<{S+Uj;(|1yL9s1V!y9<8lot! zpXVoSlh&EjSz^6&;O_04^b@i=IevG_xd@Ysz5U;NCjJNDKNM$yByM4FJ1xOXx7UPQ zZR9o9q;P{6K#@&4eu>9G2xbA(u6CJ;wc@=kJP}diY74YzlvNW9WE_B%f(|kmaey#I z00AWL<3)x1ORsq!^mRrX{LFJaHkunf?Oo{+N z6)e3{MQs5PjnOW@C8QD9OBa?&miK*b{O zg4J=`VR4!2?|wM{22OByA;<8S&Fg>V=JQ9PX-{A}KH~69KOQn|?ps%*y@N|puWQAG zX)p_`1Z6#(^o-1HJM1I9_VB2Cbou_k;If5~<-P+z+r#@KeGdo}A|tn_#)fzLZHuGf zeKNG+iOrEq-E(YgIHz5^et+CCIn=!pbZ+@vp<(x8{2=U}>M=dJ_jq#0V{@}*#U}II z_Lg&b(d7<+vFUz9Iz~4OfF^0-1;-3OlV;R|T(IaZ`N(QGeRuYfifcR+jwo@Rt-OeX z$30$Oy!r@&jA|GQORV-WrHa@T*9-H<5=O&7YaYE%l>?AFkBBn_O*Ksb1h20NA*0%XD=I=3~eZ1yTB9%t!DCF>ZJ>;>S;oNYDNm! zY-msxu#6Ac5TnAB)H4l*0T9y@%Y*|^UJq>MFvMer0T7+wZ?HMOzy9_)!(aNZr6E2V z364akHqC3hG1t~H0a;IW+=K4uE(RX<2AA#-)Ml(N826t{L+Z;fc|yM;oiVXg!j|64W~Ag+OH*GB@H`Pa9DqFRnq>g2AYxLfq=uQp z*IR(OOoP)0nsNXZ3oYqc4nP+FNTZ|L05guMz{v=sX$+r|3yh0O3WaJW*TsV%$h59< zHq%H@3JHhRdXfm8Xg*VHJ}?*2;i+jtLjb1OA13AjO4&mE+)+_r5blin!&{yFo9fYv z=MeRMn@^kmYL9y-`$GsR>OY+5At=+(?Ck6v2CkW-duD<%-@QLEL}s3tiFJN|Wn%jt z2vN275KX+wVz8pzCNyyU8wyTUMy}=yIfYOH!RHzwd@0CfB1{f$D@B1RWo|Xm zk$@b4l;SL4UZGG_>(!D`R&bOS#LI*`?I^VXRL>jL2D-qt5&{|lC?#HsDD1FAXr}Jk zyMK2Ykfw9*!2EkxEOZbs{%g8f0Ho6ANEF6EKo>xjj~E5HtkE}cexZsUD*Kfqy21}O zP+y^`_pD_A3Kk&usKscEMYbmKsfwGMX1VI#|ii|}7O1o|e8-JNQ(E=pq+;hlYEzrJ|?3iO^$0lq@9s*n#O z>8g!XkwlFIX6Z=)w zRa$nNaye?PQibQkt7rq}8&!=0mowFDRS?8NaG^1Z6sjdCf=h02XF6pVxtf+z6-a}D zzzj?UrZ@oQ4G>vP>BJxi3cn@&{9huVDV>AVmtWrH{@;!N8|nrEP_!uEEGn5u!E71` z3Q$ZW60KUY4J6*jB5!IS&sQZt&=>V9^QK`yF4jz5Lx&gm_`Jl0C}QN1^8ke)2w%S; zTYz#9Bq0PrQY;@O56&qTj8YEI1s*QeVQ2hN(K zAQZexu9JU%%|b+(X6}%`t=0Ocb7uZ^(9Ti+N!=^}n#67UWOOO7KL4S(&1ShOZI2UC zyw28ve1`q6K0d|XPf@JIYOlmx>=yDQi5ouCJoi0i05Wg2i1T&HLOW+hBNSWk)V&uv`jS9V5nBYIB$u^l=-gyB(kc|A50xv{0#k??G-`U?KnIiWo6ykpe1YSpo~c#} zwF<{*HLqh1GIOR=x{lkuRBHtt)F|cgtTm&=1&WD%c}=fX@&?Y;wXy)Q%p}eM(sq?z zrojM5OP85`2tdkThxx*6fmiA!@SO=hN~Mtn07DSOVBkwq1fZ}?`ij*%oi_&vqD=y( z$M)pp!s*7f7CpZs;1{E+z!`1{TH-~9Xbx>*1;Nm+K{t^~O9<7)AJ zT;%*2>?eYeAB6p{-oLnVwAZwSP2tll$s$(NR{n{asPar?uA zeEvbZ>ZO^LaPXElI)1R!+dsI$H>3wW@b>Tiu=S25_4wR$!M`iiyw) z#hzIRPN!61vQ?6~V*$ts_^CESWbLg7ZaGF*;-1*{!)fpLzUCLA4Lvv++PLLeA%8{I zbfJ>{4L3c==5N6Ega7NM0npSXeba=X=E{#Zl3u<#YwzPCd(UlLiD`mZ=KEj$`sU@! z&p7N$Q9vURprZH8ugT`7XnwK%qxhLgZLYRs;&t)c+^|M3%fd?--l!mqIIVPEOy&`C zD*M(ViXBL;T1JmnNP^~%FIa#I9|acj=38jY)wqhKW+*1r$ku?vZP9d*FOkC@xDtdh zIBPU?Y$gYmgfGkNq#dC}F)tW`!5_-9Te~(GTo@dkjP-vXof?b9T$5%3+7CMB{nI~A zS?zXe_`U=uihsc3}thq*4?b2|av}Bu;X)Vc198dyMljwTmH8 zXYWjY+PLC4ew>bH#{0gF7ZzJ)@d7d!Y(N-ej0u4V61JvN6jePSkyB&}3YXq`AVO-T zNI8Uv-YOBnu}9QHkNgcez<<%-JU@n?f1Q%Jq=gEX4 z!ZLQP;k5g$L+X3mgrhYZT+$JQ1LA_yWiGzh6i-I3uf0Fk@uYZ^EQ}RK*Z?h4>7|@Cki@-mj5PW zqVxOa2^r;Uyx+#-us*D@P;f>V^c5vxP@RI9??^DzbH53|MSu5Vm$OGOmg3spe)aAx zP!JFZcHnuZaHsZAdjU|y5W>zH-v?qG1ctr4M(!Tj2!|iLukJxF>({}V$kk?uPXt8t zeqn`7s_BI~wGjF!X;GPhrA5((#;C9qLk%jH3Gb;XNM1+3DG^y!8Qsl?l9;x72K|To z1OeC?4?XBfs?J3y}2ntvKyNH??+4^5OZ}k;cHUU!UK3!tJ5< z0-)}Sk|+ibRv1gW6CH#o$iHq_f$~F345R@mQkA0%gNID zA&VSJeVUK7Fo?+VrH`#I;IU>sgG^h!s)8a#EJ2xzp^mdMU9E`;e_Qtg-z<4Kvo_V` znX)*$D_=_B_vY4w`H*jUe)54+oehkyn1v5XIb_GceE!wz^SiAe?V$Doph%a5@FcU@ zepe6!p>~-G=jlo{ey)NZ19?wsLJB**)Cx2RzbY-!4^)aVZft7FsACdj!PYF9n?sCi zA?b~2+z{J@3NOJ>=VRcNs5dRsm=i^xeEWkSzmYi8mx{v@z|wNn+Z9aA4hYhiO9&)> zQo|PiWAC`|2Nn4Fj4g;hyE_T64b)x$gSi5sMsN<@TC>PfvF(95y?RwCpsu;AP6NY^L53-b2tb`}YDjE~9Me#VOU(Lym z;?)G@*f3S-;%wIPlZXNnO>b3w)Qv}`JcQ7i8WIsqGu?OflWmWTZ$-D6WM;mv!zBe>WyMs zZ>jM1MqI~+9!XH>V}~5ykMv0_g#NcBy*ky-TsVE@67KY|)NTMor&_i8k>Um5jM;No z((X0Sj!m1|9~W21+dPKczMfkrVm0|b5MGBygy~cu4O%GFIc6B7(8JHDd(6MkhhhtN zL*n9e={9|a;6x@Kjs0F^Yx2l3T>>fd0%~T;bjCpWM5Dm}u%z=N@PiNDzPh^>?qjLl z04Nft5fWUQb$4PW^ZMe>6Afid$IZ-+h}p<;xFT1xjK@H}Eu%xC-?KN6^?*iJ9WCVv zN&=Rmp$y)EL_B)jmBjQJ&0*6Kulb=Qlxa)4M3MhO#5Mye(%wvZR-vJK-1-xZ0{`Vraf_A%RDplqCLpzK6A6|;z}pY zG78>~gteMRCcp z?2-*JYL*1S?u=mUP8%}i<6&IH*30z}Ca?9BAdRCbj z=IWG;MkW8IufR}%r^G;~nbsF!bT0nG6|He#tY>n*`9v8D2!BoO2SD96!OUpJK%VS~ z1SD+M@7OGAlEh0bb5#mC6a#6NeI_;~upE@RcTfxjXvlWO8BcvF1kD(c)XPNfB-)!y zXX?zG>rWaC&_uipw7y$rBf~i=yb}ePYP28X?P4Y)=bbEt|4znC@A1WJap7`I*Hb4Llq6=zv+#WB{$s61)Wzi=^{cqt7_TIiQB~`RSFY zqclC8&kqB>X0lU}Xfzs$79u?czhaH|73*8MLjPLF##QM;G%u~x>oYU;nL2CTxv*rG z2Qy==IA6-ZAiA?jn`Z{NIlh)DWajHjn(mv0Kc)5qpe_@d?8o*Twm-IbpaXfyI#Ey& zErXmv48*;6wJQ!YjDv-PjiUiug*h&f1U zMf*WTM0DvnP0~f;#=lHYD|b=gKc~PuwkQw~_$?=#s-IE^{dt%jsy(?Px*y0wuR-vc*Q%4k_ z1Xvmo1**xA-x=2w4%e@G@AZ%HVMUXPTEa5tsnx2}4|8^_GpJf~*;Kz-7!RpxFcyQl ze!n_8Ap9w{8vsRv=mCm>;4NZ&o=*>Slv`pT=4Zz!SKei1f*w2OW$y3veIWQ`KrG|K zrf$NB@fmw`_Xh%?VI{CrcR9Fd&e$@O$*d*qhuYL-j!^18;M79c7F&p_-ASjbGw16~1(OSrYL~5hZ~%;_>0yj6amM2r z0n5&t%tLM@Y3~SoiZcbDy_Sr*#?r-6s~VZ{c&94MZql1p=8zuuM|qYP*zheXrDCjqM?mPCPd zA!U4PZmn1FbyJ>^&Qf2|?}!y1_qhRi4$G1#^jqvJ(005po6BasYN4+(SXq{*GYNn9 zSbDBlnvHsMW5Swctf4aLno4GvRh0A`l(gmuJk1&aMG2gDj4QE>-Tqyg(`9B=>9L2ru82CN zEukTlnsypyy>8i%g1l5J(^rBdZK(VUB-6F)pU81o|CuI!K0DA3%Q|>{_7)D|9|!;j z-G(3>j(ZeJr7I#2)YnQ`HPYWE7&px2t5c=W1X9Ry~O?%mP)XQ?(}J(3wRofls># zea$A+sl|nb*~K3Di(0VQ8yOx6MWnjgCzwa#;gX^`-2TJ^Nf@*`?H+qj4cQ#=P;P8u zsXN@e5>o-nJo_i|t`dyZLfyCzp z+(m(@K8(P(FAvyxfd@w~&raW*!)?v4o?mM~;vQ|6ZTOxV4#lT@QDyvoIW3iZwj+_~aIOs5 zAN#GQ8gsL@A)nV-y#bvAAYVCl{fv^wIQ5bS9PuU%*N~P2n??@~L zdNKv4)y`y1PCZpjAy>TyCNBH%&O_=tN4-v`1^2E@x%(1axa&{N^Xebz4+@XWAm9BYvmbRZi9KhIs4Os zb4(aXjTT3p(MR3(4oCD$sWWZ&S&~(&FFritk5B+AGqK)mfeFGJtFGy#rF-?1`q;Tx zUs~;VO{6^4bi@%1W$N7>-DA_yxRcB3tgb19e-ARLBJXQ7y3jcR5saC>;A77qB0itI~l0hbkM>bKsLCnuMXgNhhj(1-%i1i#?q z@|agO(Z%7%mlr@QX7S>dyy3+@fc9d`MEjxBd13?lU<2A0TdRsY8WvBQUndf7b+-)W zZ%7P0|M`2kJo5#+L9SIV&RLb7?3`!T)-jTD#54fP^P@S?RM8Q&6h;#hl&SX?3YMVH z7q$e$k=4mSy8BV0_x@5m7|uCII|b2|4qH5)P{`x;&uWY-*4Yu1TDqsWdt&igwq}hNvdQYIOn>OI!)q_t zgZ3Qsl}t^uhmV4)ZH7mbr#c?MpMC0v@KjBk`@T5I0C8awmB7@)0fR|CGd!xcZ$lMH|! zn=*&3{j-9vb@o}+Tf&IktX5zfud}m~%NN>I*r1v#lLcvOB?Nk~=datl!C3ju$RSCd zayHmSjjuL(pvzpVPw$9LJlmO{7RIns?>+S_#K zSyeBSP2=piL6Dj~EMrZ^8>?4350tnI>H~>C?Zg)hj3Ae=vp&hE7A(TmfTYR~RO{0Nn! zyYBh6GBjoJnR*Jhn;~BS(!l%5=BM`ev}`M&<*A(E83028C!|wiTdlwuk_As|g-{3> zs2TCA*}n;_9wviqPR#q5@6%8NX7=Tc&%=%lRLcianRHlfG=iZsjAY%Z!Gdm7gFa^n zQp)Vz-krmyeoXi@n60f3pXeDsIx|YFIBMJ=bfGpCgg)ex$+#L=3%1e@N6y_2>UKx$ zcsF`;9m)L<<^fXlNgGD-c`L-SXdOsb%xrXtWJ#++gvSWm7F9SCozYM}G?Ggi{^LJ9 zo}MCT5nur^FY|~VDV9ke?kFC5+~T01zd{z6u>MR4BPpAwL&^0j02w)-Fnc#t1#`@G zJ3}5`d4vQE1gEb9P-;isc!oUBy1d|(EZ7$TD4jvdzT|)UT;R7WB^7FSu7aV1_F6LK zvL+g-q&L3Wju@&d{+R+~SqqktsB>LgN2nRPgZrzrku2$28Qq1ocQXLSGD-NyF$3V8 zJykkBK0Dn}3lM^m#2iX(o1s`mSC6x5*4ct4X~Mmr$tUs zBH~O{Vqtr}>TrF)2q*kV)TIg@pwW!jD=v+}^uVQlfDz7k8-sD;S~K)W#e0K1CGRN$ zb)0$!p)>C(fsQ0<*UoTw%?KqwDJ#lqI^xXjTT8J6e>MA8BjC3NKrEjpDbHyUMVMd6 z4J73`#2g4>S&zrMR0cT^5YK_kWrTrtGK0k|saS_Vn2RR2&-YUWqFe+}d+gs&#*Z{%z$~$^ewpCvaVQfd7(gsn9z5ERaOtI-$XlTFBe^(^8oFs zh90_WYoYiJ0_{7zX9UIuy{RwhI=KgDWB=spJqa%MjmKxY|`0dU}^b_sN2_;mmDeBXbfT^rNS>5DZlMFyb2 zvDZ96b~_+58jaaru|uxzjL7$p1sTa6AQL2M#-siSM)xdIJ95-70}!g>m#Pu~7t9d1 zEwjM?k^q36YZYO6;bVZ8_Dp$?uHik5LJaJW>Y3jOi1%B8SY8iTFI_(y5N0QC zG$Z0?<9T-12P;BtXTE*DzrP<*cPY`5t)qftE!2X!F2`16I}R4E1S~fKTGhE0d)WE> z)99YZ+J;AsMV5xIHy;0)ay9z5vIFAzD;`;N|Qdmmi^>X_a*ea_>=j<<8t z2>2>Bn{p99c1OcG8+vcozeImYZw-K0a6^P7usOp;1_%UZY!-RFZW>?_9y5c*${xAJ zgnGAgIgq-C2|ZEcu`aoP(jIx-5_~`!-1cuLkGF6g_b7Qsz`H5EKH+(bRyXGk%O2p$ zBZQ@0lVh)kz}y|i9CGy+@xo^dUGKaIfCNgZCS4-8!z*Cn{~;WJ@+)NzP(H!Wvh)D| zJt=ALg-gFCD6#7@vbCgoob(3Mn${{59F8`Ubgmhh&dtt|)5rj;{7o$s%fujI(kO3e zu>+(;)jONb-OlO(=F_#~_7>!23ox#zgU7fRRaZ@S(i-*JwX}UL=+GT;eY19IS2t$? zr+-&<0GK{e4b1_v8zqbmBQ8)d?1h-vaRg}&_pzQoH2s`od&rrJf2z84EvP29KM8tQ z%QIqMIMoXev3bs&fs*wyrTd@%}vyk~b(Kf1SLaPL;ew~S*zv+3maadZz8MEYdjnmsw1_UnrP2;Sl|Wpo|m z`s)A$yz}`l<3IY9z$KR9{SyGfyGB!(dQBF$Qy)&Bdgf3mA4IK7RbL$gG?xr7#{mBo zDaq8w<~631oL$*{+hxg`xM)U_nQWy}NnRmIolLWcuM6p;T$wU#H*@*Ue{g-a^$w8_ zxphR&@*imeV0-chPLdRQA#al{On4^rG@78y^o!u}C&|b-o(id*3)UH-g!Seng;? zO4E(bqsh`C)Lz|MM{Sr-6X{^us}5Agku;Rx^+N)0&TbrJKO<0dwYovjU(s6wAYQPs z91m}&avAdr`7D?z8vSmtWUOfMid@X#XQGQI4S!{3gct2bZxL@r0s0{OL3smRWD)W0 zcx4F5X?VxH#b5#fD#M-(K=yTpKtSB<3CKfrEL%K3fe9LbTec8@Xa!p)Ea;cpp_vvC zCQ>^C%m-WH?`6J_vJP^2u80*w zE9-kU1>`^U(-#*(2@qV1Ru6R)*KN`)#d2}a$~vV8J;!dsnuH?y#n@L(z`d=uzAYwY zYGv~o>$Vjat?ViP{~`-4Ax7BqfEUTT+*1IV22IFL1#8O6MDe|_`d>+!ov&#zoj~bi zIvf48&=0FnUZ<`1XNh3UXahWBiC_!#oLRjwvp@pNWdJJOF^tc3hokX?f5%54P`5i8 zD$MGc7Gu+--(^F2BAj`v5a9M82~5AF+>Qc&Gn#679?$}@9Wi-cH~sGC{%|mXUd~tj z0|4c{U-^xKmRjnK>umwhoQxqt2tS!Q5Wo-pwY;$8MSX#Wl661emLQruWjPQ@1CMls zn!HDfJPJ5-L}4)q8quYBgmDUxOQ!-(@SH_nsKQoOa8wQOEU`*Bj-aCeE>0jaW%e_X zEp~rTYYvIzF!Oq2_=->$%TLyaP{Q4lW7FcRLd3F#2O`zKod+Oa2V(idx>)I8V5yw+CzGj# zbiu89r1o?&>67}?WHPG1SY&4L+GENdzE>X|nDYX7xtn5s{xHh;0!)nlO)AY=;YaFnBSDJMa@@Uu#pX#OKF4rVuX%rd8N z6?U{D7!%oIf(*4e(8!-4W?mS>q7Jy2Vm1*i!Yxc-sE{_jVCf95vsP$3@{@y653@Wu zozJ|e9n!N9;ki05m8)VbT+9Gi_$w_pL|y8?p|=G<&*Gg(g>!wRbA!0Rc-4|MU-X&IQ2x zdX$1|1w~kq46)x&o{@drfiv7i4Ax3(k>X#W!lB}v*Aa)u1vXdO>eGtOg!wqo&-eKm zE0su%=Sa3@&0KJJ`vAADp>qN70Sk-D$L7}2x0zUu?IU*BE7+?&UfB0}sJY}Z8&S!N zjy9{EF>DhHD%;Dfw;B8O+VGz*=}ey_(95qK63wnM>HH1b?Ar&pbs3!vfL%0`3Tv&c z7%uUM9Rmz=mxEYtjMjZWH2q6fnV%C^*=ijQY(2Nadc1*CLdoCkXgUryr`>rKFM$GN zb3(%~l-Kg*?Z?N*ug@3d^1Wy;$4iZV``dsJ$rC)@5`y08Xv3T+3=}tm93% z9B*V%=eMvhgGw8?{RzQNsL+ty?lSlk0G}kMX5Sj&wofl+C}OA)nZ5*yiI^#0lQMbV ztqAI=j>{nwWon_2;2A3iOSQiSvvm=j3xIbHL~RRc)F|QrC;DkTCxSqzE$U?_$_Yt2 zBZ=jS46*-?y>)74mlmQ-sM&`Z7`#9<3+r$`$11Jn%Oq@WD&@7&=WY*yw=SY{0q_B% zM@~6dADT*N&`Mq?K{LAnSaA^Sr7K~TadcO!HMsA`-$wTQ!CZw?4_0PU13TbTr1lIA z@=EHh^Z9rvyFTgHPN`fD+r8s(W_kl~>k2v-0B^vZOp{?|0bB4aL1r=U5k>6yL-4o!MGof7 z#1ttYB8zB(NgOrdGK}D~IyKx1vf1f( z84I7cL_Pr9QNjx19i-A>MY7vWW~cI>Ge~zInsjDFx8jgt%sU{kTn~4ZDg#r*OM$J^ z{1UTYjx}>!9%^RY+FeDUQqHXgfWi?Pw)t{03G>thjqYq=L!;;_OsoO*k=k(PbxEk8dAt1$&C&2KPyCFc z*dO~5;P?{K+vi}4;UC$<>7xiUyR7Q+K`NI`v}`s;2@=V&BCQD65D_Itu`>NrP;^U)EHJ1;w)xs%9jGI<(fDWLIRaSv=rfaAe9jGy-rfu$siGcEgI~ ztSmg*09f1wTN2<4=Q#d;$C01&H8}Z`F$P{dG>(?>F{xE4f}ZCq`}1zy2i(c_T>n;c zWR;>1@acd(jG6IXi`lsD6KD(-HaD(3;fpGD^It-_uecR9CcvU7iVu_ki=rq>fJIRh zCBUNiWv31V000001o>MJazO+F1P~yA009IDAV2^C0tgV;5+JZ8KwwLNz*g+|D z3;-d0X#dDtkAn~h5XcfBkR?DMOMpO@0D&w40$BnCvIGcZ2@uEe) z0RmY91hNDOWC;++5+INzKp^XFfES?XAAqU>vF9%I>wH%U00000NkvXXu0mjfTcDg{ literal 0 HcmV?d00001 diff --git a/chapter_preface/about_the_book/index.html b/chapter_preface/about_the_book/index.html index 322a470a4..e48651395 100644 --- a/chapter_preface/about_the_book/index.html +++ b/chapter_preface/about_the_book/index.html @@ -3554,7 +3554,7 @@

  • 数据结构：基本数据类型和数据结构的分类方法。数组、链表、栈、队列、哈希表、树、堆、图等数据结构的定义、优缺点、常用操作、常见类型、典型应用、实现方法等。
  • 算法：搜索、排序、分治、回溯、动态规划、贪心等算法的定义、优缺点、效率、应用场景、解题步骤和示例问题等。
    • -

    本书主要内容

    +

    本书主要内容

    图 0-1   本书主要内容

    0.1.3   致谢

    diff --git a/chapter_sorting/counting_sort/index.html b/chapter_sorting/counting_sort/index.html index f794e0eb2..d5f6514b7 100644 --- a/chapter_sorting/counting_sort/index.html +++ b/chapter_sorting/counting_sort/index.html @@ -3822,7 +3822,7 @@ } // 2. 统计各数字的出现次数 // counter[num] 代表 num 的出现次数 - int *counter = calloc(m, sizeof(int)); + int *counter = calloc(m + 1, sizeof(int)); for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) { counter[nums[i]]++; } diff --git a/chapter_tree/binary_search_tree/index.html b/chapter_tree/binary_search_tree/index.html index 0763c2d79..bdf88205d 100644 --- a/chapter_tree/binary_search_tree/index.html +++ b/chapter_tree/binary_search_tree/index.html @@ -4932,20 +4932,22 @@ } else { pre->right = child; } - } else { - /* 子节点数量 = 2 */ - // 获取中序遍历中 cur 的下一个节点 - TreeNode *tmp = cur->right; - while (tmp->left != NULL) { - tmp = tmp->left; - } - int tmpVal = tmp->val; - // 递归删除节点 tmp - removeItem(bst, tmp->val); - // 用 tmp 覆盖 cur - cur->val = tmpVal; - } -} + // 释放内存 + free(cur); + } else { + /* 子节点数量 = 2 */ + // 获取中序遍历中 cur 的下一个节点 + TreeNode *tmp = cur->right; + while (tmp->left != NULL) { + tmp = tmp->left; + } + int tmpVal = tmp->val; + // 递归删除节点 tmp + removeItem(bst, tmp->val); + // 用 tmp 覆盖 cur + cur->val = tmpVal; + } +}
    diff --git a/en/assets/covers/chapter_introduction.jpg b/en/assets/covers/chapter_introduction.jpg index 0c39cd5967c25d60cb52444ce1a60b6ebe52fbdd..47e448f33fa875a644bab9d1eece8488096300ab 100644 GIT binary patch delta 67335 zcmV)eK&HQl$_Sp!2(V59AT}{IFgZ6cG(j;rGchqmML|J1GDI~(IYc%?G%!U(HIr@v z93VC^H843hFf&0hIWsXaMMXhDIWj~wLODb>Lo_f&L^YGD0%IgOWn(ilV=y=^G-fq0 zEi^eXWi4SeGBYhQVq!HmG&wRhGG$@2F#|jS0kV^B1V91;1Cy`>G6s`G;)Aopv*`px zxdHvNF1~{f0g1D+%okOE{xoNRKjsnJ!neS%tK+9uOD+EZiujTRg{X4Am9Wg^S0=*r z9VOc4s@Wt7W50>29mYc{ndJk*IA=<;mNpeO$3^a3>0C+5ngKSk7kv2ko@tL?TP+T%Dn#oR^ER90DGo?JYa*t9k`!~t4pcw z&d;Y1rrV9rg?WYIebtk)he!@{ISLQ3Yo@;=OQr2rBrJUGnfxie)V`8wTx4t%el=aW z5ya9y2)Xz2tL%3!h~wCAXK~Re26%+|$;{AuUGUrjJCF{{YG;znxfr5$wHsDGI36#=^XhOp&79 zto$P&p5vW*nbb;D>KZdq&$hhJe^&BR?`u{*OzZa17O!U@UCo)s2ZatMd02yDM;a-G zikoAO0;*Ctm(?xlqFl*-0CTQ%^z`r0=+me{1~$hW>RKgJiNmuxN)Efz_jigpOj0%r z>J2yTQ%JD}+eX;(RmIh+`&k;6t<=`Z`30L>09Ej{sV9`=244DO(vhy* z0ln&yMorjS_WNn^*-TkT&1ngs52Op5gWr`1_)Yzw)va=F4Y=N*fT3-X=Ty4ezu+x? zKM?zY>h15I7p#dR(T-|ztwxn&hS$FfQjCS;Cf8nnHldEqc>|2enKwEKG}P&&={S#s z^Q9PA*Gh6tqNb`qy~YNwQe!$jRmDNGe<|U9!$c*big~Z;g6_E3W=CadZTg(a0NL&~ z(oBkOx>Se10hJ(xrkP?TG0c1|T9f@lxc!)lKMv)tB$#ktT0U&)| zFhv$rP>S5eU)DTOK zek6>5v1AyWZrzn-b;Fbqy5ib>1a`YE-u3kDkhmUc4~8}GYTMd$ZKlwPCqKH}3`NI( z<*EKv{7q@;kgCS2A%qVKD7GHTvO z+Lw@~YZhJvQgcTfm(-)bD%F(%1RSXuVgo9Au&Xt*k0UkqiVe{F4m2W+xsP^KjxVp!xT zNR09-FPNJOID&SQ)FQ{3tFGTm>Spm?_*UkUiRc~{Z(#obu^%@N`&HFA^Ep>kxjyAM z7;(GC;z-z}h;FPi2DbLSZYNN?vFSRTBg0VdbY|xac+qr>AJS!Od|Z1<}q)5CdItLh>#sY`05!O z)U0kr!jd`KsK%>W)~YIzD_Yia+@7DN?}qzoB{)qVhGqV5o4KmeMn>*Cew&i^{%|p` zJ+R$2%W^jgE`({B2gHZ*8H)9P3RRU|2y|ho7;y)UaAu>$cGuH%Z?UT zyrg`i9`jK=o}5g>J6Ly`wvY=j&5g||y^`!B95FrSrByaX9*K%jGn|W$OBZVK`pl!SjFlaSuis6{r-oaXl8b+ZIX;F}W6g{*;7{Yu< z7Cp7o?iLjW*JI^cmRq~p7TphD+IxC?Y+S7h%}w8L0M@7i$HI+1I3XX4LYL2 zr)2A+FHDrkrn30+tmY5*;Nb=9OFwz?r(OC!Z;uchi*StOL|X6{}Cy04&u3s@@*EtOIr zfxj?!chOn3X;Xrawu?~Gs*3d$Y}<0eM)HfQ9010+-uEY6^QtZbO7YLSr2|~B2HdJ| zuR^tT=%PZzMy(`gk){^F=sEB-DA9`A=J&m*>PmuHP52rr3uC;0D3Spn<3;JlHJO8) zFXCRql?<^^3xkhk7i$q>(;v%Lz!OW8=$!|R2T#p(rB)V3sn!qs4`3d0@Y(}(dHP#YaUDCI;;YOyy5 z16FiKO*sx0p(-Rf9L>$^n(5W4^9qKX24qw=ID<=0(yD$~B%CRdLs^&t21Hjo3tVvH zO!)4!U5!T5Qlt_gC8n=Xi*e@s1ih@O=}Es6mMu~&<*te{ z856>+@0%L4XhjhxkuV*-w3hC0ifZbrsy<^Wda*t1`kag4D*Y#>o&1AwIR5}=8Stt9 z05ymH5kcvH`zPvqgQ$_UjQ(?uKghM};*C{RQ9{O`1yPU!t%{SY221f=R{cvV@jk&; zuBaxu4q~l|?4eC4i91eINhDa*vr<+vH>oCE7L~D*C>5l;6J_GYra2-|(vkUb<^0V+ z-A-7D*DSE0%O&*0zC_Qo(u~6Hw=#M!AwDL+duSVf1QJTIpDOsA)i>>E)o5|ZVc1O| z!R9`ip3XIZ1A95@9YDDKCGbW+m4A&l1ZCY(b2ti9YaW#^&jDI{NT1UzpQ$H;KEd%d zWERUxO!6+?AJUKh(c;w`t;(VZP~b3Q%<`e{cTsHPJ9rJ`{{S{mz*ba~v=RQ{zg6&o zPY!N>e+nYN{M}JHY-TusZR7cg#6~-NYZhI^`dtlaXpn-<7pTIGs#9~y$nJw zk+i#8_fiahm$Hbg4^wEi&@Rp_6$gy=*O%OX&FVgt^3%J`#G8gW*qnQ585L8)JluOL zNs=jWqq>GQNY)?xsz@wsD5{|ahqj6X8QP+(WDe@w>CGgtX%;3kryfSIcJhFvcGka1 zYl%QOn^Jqqr|p}6#uzX*v%>yTjV)3#tYJd1II!hjPp@@_+`DY{j854P=0EzbKk$lw zbFX!c3f(_y-X)nPf{WNOr9n7aTTk$`f3?T{{W1ThX4Tt#`?QM z@HOY%Ss9VVnMqa|;th>=Qzj2_R+L?Tb*+)hdga4qy?jyYc0W*Tx0)l6{@PpP8=nIn z$Nn_qfUZjbh%vu9@Sp~#HhoWbv$CstksLi4F3arYT$#Ve*XqRM{jYDC(Tm>Nx?OVd z>UuxSd)v#vnxiSmoCgXn*L0HY)^>=*&u}Ad9lg{tF(;jHUff%(Lt1y#?W@awkt-&t zSE|#XD-+?sl5?qHp>QNyhdKn>mP_#AMfLTf>Ra0j){UP+%68q0%#pfjI0MIsJnJ?^ zF}X+KpLa1^$_J)Os37M`?zYj$q1jJ|fWV5SE~W|Dbuw8BumIg#6>fA$u7#S~fbh#7 z9VU!m2#kfbDa9@^Q|zh;{5+DUIv^;x1^CYtxv&Wi7RcW>TfUtNg9h^MW4q$TrY zaqG9iz$GP^0C3`J<~&W#91UGoAlBpAM2L<|dOO+w0P@40$T+FO6rQFI!A0 zV#R?t3sc)zOe$UQb{GyquA4aa-X{FXIC2#wiNw<1CnXizxYVZ?Hr!W#C~YzE7~X}m znW2z?H6wY}x_w4sSYgk9vW6roEQ5}G>b0y7mGV8*mZWO6B+;%>fWHe|nj2CnxtcEsH(!+E zD)V(T3vCuB0B?m(8KAtZ24=H&8?+cFi2alu=IF_FQ;E#dm$1fvt6G^?xiT|3yBpA% z)pO64RploIz;mH-HC0~Y5=kVUbk@mjsr`bKr?&2q!~rB7P8NGEW`={h9sQtSG?$FIqsD z(rUbb91jlajj4ZsUOhRJk9Ahf>l$%6*N;#PtgKaqm}U)iGt`Ry-~pIXs+QwMu2NuX z90U@|2Ze~XRe3be0hZR5JRaOfIu+>9g1dR#`C7`ori0U869ZIx19br9b6Xu7aM9am zDFs^Q6UgRQ+rqOnYlT2iSaHgT<$~&58EndV5sgzO3gpLsYQEB+h?LE0T{Yes@I4z4 zpp%k|pJipc7h=aUZ&5E=f=J5fbuDX?Z*4Aj(1CCm*PBc^6wO)aTP+{*2|JkLW*Ou= z%>$*w>P}>AqR0EkDjwr#(v9jGjfF1ZuP-^HK8K~Qcgm#=960! zLmJjg=V?)|?hOHLEO^?&jT>J{Y{nEAb%hIj4m4Wi_{`@IAxhR;k^j zx`ztVI;dc_%%0k6DD82ah;5Eu$`pG-?#e+~6-9x_%!%NM8ayw5IGiV|F2XDP6|!wh)pOW2=oseNBgkRn|C>fuqlqa!}U7*A3KJ zDe&q!w%tUa#Uoe@Lma7-By4{y+*;$hv)TooF!8CPb(WvSr>b|Xi ze1p7JA=4Y2Xp+q87t;XT_`3xXC?DcFM-FsPLJ@n5-#Vr|cZq2)F&)!tb%KO?meazl zZ4wn3oa##?Yh)Ir=AP!lsY-Fx>tRxF$myjD4P`P<)OTZR0k!dxP6(XO;YHm{>_kzG zQaRG2nKh}>_J6d9$8gfQ)ij*XA=oK@s}9LA?D*Hjb7{7RZ3=DR7L5nAo+S2~W~!pX zq?+tnBa!OPCZLc7&2{ZUk?^_7vtdXSr%~4D!ZH*GW-3_Vqaj34WNl55$W=G3rYjCO zQVeFimTg=`bXeG)CWRr)Q6M>XRxmE2{vZWXd^Wpy#~Zi4qkD{iRi?3;6yT|Ujb>yP zD9bWJo?~I}r@DsmHZgh-pUu-^-zxtA6I9xj+HIuY$)A=H+s?5;lY6-=#^9T=qP7Fo z`2>PLShUj{M4l$?rJauEM%_v+81TlO*$Q)c;`H`WVXqhLQB+O3&gUH)NHAu|8&C=b zx7#-0mp&NR&i?>_qe(g{`fy->gW~5^pKe}L&N!vDY>3q%a@ScnyD`%YGZae z)J)3)+~Xnguj52fdE7#_AEpk8_I}E`b{M@imPi`a%wW+6%t{SC#R? zgT{=SI);Y+%Gv4BZY0=l4%yZ@q&gyY;cqu}VqZ$wd5%@5(zpKrv_6ygp>uW|RQ$q* zb$5@A5^XhTePdV>j=bjDCn|i*ZRW#uvtl<9lm{pCA^!CfW7T(?6!fBHXbIF}VRa<& zxW>JdzMQ*Y@!Ck-*xwa@w`i<=*VDUM?%Ps!(&wajqdv|a${79rJEu=^NbjW9d{*cd z_Lr}(4d=G7{$MwMQN=FD)7qm$xs$^o!pfv$p}T7%XSdrnskcpSyg%gwMV)+}A#SSv?heF|Ff!f1%Naik`bJSNsrZcZj4|7VR`6zASJ`19-8j7SrXa zFK>x|8S^UhWPi(l!wzpR3f3 zC1gTY&sDJ}a-fB` zhW8C@Y8}wYsSV3!1qtGC*;V%N$nG@o#GX}}Tggm$EmyIBFW?}k!Lp$nn~b>ATb8%w z6}7Rw=~IC#d*6>Ld}>y^{$%r8*4=h`!OEk|YzWBErSUQQZC6&(NNiN_pc4L}HXw4U zaJ2qJdDb>0rT~l$=&_GM(pJXAVO<)QC9R|Zd}vQIITyq(KvQ~}b)7nc(<;&AZ!C)H z8BNsC*x2@eR%A2!NLgOpnf;Vl_r{dTS<*V0ISQMZHJm>$fH~Am`jj}u zLC=viBp_U$WlVEH>9kX+D%`4etZI^gjSl|+ zYF&MB(UcYhW$m>sy_zYvl1UM|8(8-Wn&j<&s__*}>PU>3!BTI_g&Q$$HpZ4&918=0 z;a1egGhG$BLRyXWTZMyY`;c@UB|#*Sh4>1jyLsWTmNrY|NWk|RYi&9hKW?Yeau1K@ zHGRW89XxGie^N;wR(A-al}22YmS?i)AOmtm&28*W_K|m1Fg_9vd@E0;%o-m^pAv9? z>@_cPo1*Y%qy8$%XR>eVq%VNX$?8Pu^8y88C}e9K7+^(j)jcSS`h@|1n%LJqEW8s< zN@t_*J)ixDODk}6(_X-~Q8FgE1)aEZ6xCMrEzae3@#;9a@-H(}ZQ9e^=%p)*8mjte zw_rMi`bVUv6N`6NdVK)n>;5Y&g*q3k%?KBw{J+Gd;In2cLckH6K>i@ivvj zkSxOzzAJrn6iQgZ{J7QtkG(X#;BVVVU^BemN5w5@|-wQZU$qrxv5HjtKBEJ z()<}mXKF1s-??RlhlzYZW-7)@SS{{z2ZdZpfD2yyg+!WMYELqZZ^n#Sy-+daRnh1% z98WX>wRpxN{Ayv9qXz4#vH)j8k93gj(35sQ4RiqRAJtC=IGfOT?vuTjqI7HvHaC&c zH0|5KU~V-i1#lRiR!m3tsV#?=kD)xi>m4CI-ru<5C{@yf zyzwTg@W&;~sMLNToe*l}o=hr1%r<-~Hl>r%nLp&8#7<3v*?l9Zw*y>%I%U{iO)Z_R zg*Ndl(dqR{I-N+%@R|g>o~gDPq=9!a@RBoPd)B%!)ivsRjI!TlWj;C&BCr4+0@zVd zY4U(C$Bke~^%VIg+$kJcuSv_*dW6^2DOEoT3w^cGS}N?d?kC%`-Vy5BRYBrlJIya9 z{sDk(UDf6ncOc9b?Iz}bio3aZAfu_i+BRk0GvGWU?WE@21r`{ZOwBWSj*(65x_fR2 zmTRuuV~%hAl&z$tjR_2Now;{AxdtZ)N8Z)F3TYj*rq&?RYZxL8Dh5>kLaFWQ+~j}D zZzG#ErNJcHhF+@ge&JkzoK9yd=#o%dJWfM812?JS9$$v7xPJ(Ljeac6SyI4uP;4h6 z>044gL9XF>3ec>*$-IncBM845m>b7x=fIK9hY_@uf>(2l%U4usw`&^a)?Z~-L3wY= zn(2X2=iWb-1;f11H$XjiajIDMF!>??SaYiFqgZ3N04~Ot+lHEF+`eo{9@=J5OhPf{ zl-t=wm>eq39%6KVyw~v`f-##=rI+^rK>#bYk0HhX0GQDyCRY8lf26h!N5yU()IkcO z@==+f9e@b$;ZcCh*I84-n70$kj8&XjMwrHCjknsO$NQPo`V0DT{8G2@tbqJL0K0gE z?k>;zVDbKL>H;j2Ib(@Anqksi+{Rh3zCd6U41lXV(QVd$$OACTkf%bjk`&sd&N3e= z{wA~ARE}A(W0|Jn+irJ^T}8*mBY0GQc-7h%VeqSZj5A;?zRq=|0_hk*_|P{Ez*7>* zY_p|GmNkqj%5$OMxSwF7%*v-o@jotI^f=*Z8=2y0tqk0e8nd;|bij>)xue4fLEA-W z@TwwhgNJi}KG^Ds$Op{44}EMw)Hahw8`cpuylD6kdk-4KVMEc56qm(I{Yzf!aMt#& z&*9M6n|-lY)(M%wunIgj_R<14o@SajRyS@5kgM%>MeNUl@~26TA!Qb$j}>V=XI;&F zj?pmSQ}*(9ro+a>ZmiF??YySXXKKHwfMr>GYC@Ny3-?(Rs-^jhw#>+NJ6Qd+33ks2BzVyA;ydZ5 z+=>Z*oSrn-#gB|HOX$$J^5#~XK1-@%4dNhM6O|A~!v;7Enu{bV=URAJaN$9iu)u;Z zP>U@e%)8-dE94Q#NV%F!qZ~lOk2&zD{{Z6kcy_bMr1?iPOO0Emt+JPOOIHaC1R8EU z)L2#L1S;aWlYpkvWfBliiMw*Eu#ruG_HeF$ir}4Wb6?!TiZ7nR@$J?%I+(Tb)9{Lt zZ&zS$OW8+l0j3ur1eal{K;Ia%_Xfv80i?)WG0<^fIeDHC@=4+Ez~6BTr$v+{?IK5?&@HoM&a> z-B~?Gak%OeO1@oMSGjPlCF`3Z9E`hva}?~PDNqQ#u(=kjHL2jESGApZX~hqg>D47} zTF6}Mh_0?D3h6n~TI#N$_S(9D&@O1O!mhfQ;mA z?5ufal6echEOG;fV4;?IoV&Hj&5a!tCJHm-#=3Fgg)ioLUhCgW<6oEVS}2IIBOwJ<3P|wm>%3HsrjB8V^&wSSEK3bdA6-`S-h{+(e3z`+r+|uekjb7w6jv#a8QoknO%@n5<5!ZgB2{g#8B4eeovEkiNr$|?fk5C-G z`W?x&?`pN}g8j8Bt2eS!zlqUjinZU9jUX}y#zWz`!E?1%X$U@|{{VWaGm#J=*xtla z-l-MW?eMRyc&P9^?{}SlzxdkdpDz%_+1LSzI04^UG41^rbha{_TafImZFu2L!PF%~ zXZ*z+^Y_zxtXXeVv9$|&_wA`4XOk8?yX56BYj*FUu?)?iBY2kFbE7K6z!v*T0!1&`Dv33XnhtnZo9|5+GDqF!;Obq84T<4}$rc zOSxrN9k!0-NeCFcs=cEcUP$)MU>;f9k`gJFj6-L5#EN;ztlIem5QN$B}X=MYM?VTu=sLgWPU~+cMN`#p3CaZH5oHI^X(D3`goR$MX<9lzq>Ra{mAd z0E<`vB8y6e6(;)2E^0Kdd81(*Mnk|=BeEu^&+)7h5+#K(_R+TcIX4H?ai%el=SAA= z%!E(5!81hXS|Cis1R4-!&afK*HgHCvrt*xV=ifXCNy{_Dw1L$qJ_> z&)UX@6Q}Jljxf$XBjP^uMm_+aiIE=Lf4jmMibwOmg@3k~PMfjXc(*P4sklZkKxo^Z zqR)n{E67%RO(R@Jr@pkK2Hj553rfKv9$1$J9?H&=O-9HpKH9XT1Nn`1`9>y!##7`P z2Q!_25D>}~YLMw2xzdyFSok0oz8a2Zj?fcwZh5h;+w7V{tb!2ac#+vfcmeo}L$)kz zGWegFrxGPWU@5OeBG?N7Rnv|X=?Lsm60G9Fh(J+|Q%gC(UYJp4OlbRku=B~6DkH|Q z8$L38pD*=Q420+G6{N!kQhX>otyW#5oMbkC?56g6KS>0V56o|}iph-$G$AiR7a>Dr zrx|EW0M39#3Yr-PnjpEdf_tjVvD~&gEIVsRe8lvcuv&2JU31TntEWzO#rz}fqaEBD zS4~7P;fbOq)_HPWBbluwgKr4Eu6de=n)nO_6w=uW(|d`3$ACOdk7WXVp##EeK(*?B z3WHmaRZl-EI-ErZQ3kg+DYsSCD=H4tYQ~>&vIK>D_fV0MDC;NGaBq^;yV`iADHMvC5K)k;}^b-n|D z=R#Yv3N1;NgZoV+vW^D+`mX-~Z=?y7b~o{<>Hh$%{{Ye{*`pFd=y-!%cDD@LZKV89 zXB|HO0JBN&#mAj?F-BEW<~3!gIhyV~LNK*;b#)LIsyko8J*K&zfX=ur0Idq?uA*o) z)r!jz*UtgJYO~pq!0*!y=^DS5pW;7a()Oo0>A4T_6UrxoQ^CRi+_; zJ`-Sh*E2|kqXep+9h9$l2}Q+k#-vm#wvxljFea=k80&GPBD91gV(e;&tn3j**yUQ= zcor0}#gCb})U#z&UF>#yKWA@oX?~n_-rf8WUAEC6@gEeYHs#$%cSzKKyRcOmlUAs7 zM_n$Vmys8)Cf%Ib$@CP*Ty)`$Dy6sjnVY_#@+nxa99&Pt)t(NsY=vx1(>C%C4b!_3 z?lg<^=^<<1Qt&l;T8To?;?Ijcteae`)<0s<#E!a1vEW4%L!kK191TQEV@)ENzbr1l z!?v=@>h;#7^LsjEq@<~TlD&KQFdh&rrsjwVQ-&9&HqdPvM}kIIY{QSczK0}!i`bA< z`Au0}be`vvdO3@9(U7CJ8Y14t{`wuo`HsqaWgoA&iX|5gKyY{tCWU3acVcC~1*Xe( z2*&6v;g;h(ZB|=k{=;6jSmSik$_k7uYbSNnAvnf#akmPy_SXJ?KCi)?)c5%2FX(;u ztMf8uMOd4GId;-Giq`$DocgzA0}C9zl$*r+c^GD_JUCIp-ZtrZR^Qd2`IU02Oxi zaZT0#0C4D6&{^<*UKXL)F)bbk?V@XA08RsiQBu}+9u9d_FsgmKS-5ira^%bRD^>LV z0~<+Pu!WZGYliHm!zu9mLXk-dg7FR(JndG1I-B3d*)J1N$w`*IE3s9s20*fv8I$(Y@cM9#EV!Qw5soz6Qc28ygJa2iHk#W_I-KT7TUY8YMu7(m`|CHRKpIw`g5W#NYbdUq6pvfp-;q48_$`rFJSa2Fn`r%4 z#N`_N%|>Dc*^QK9N#rXbrETWqN&Z;ECFD8#YPNBI<}FnD4ei5eGDvSEn3GnJ-Ig)l zYHk1kaG}C=%I&~lJ(Ruy@g~+ZMVCSBp_7dUR-yro+@26AE8edpn$b^X1RQ99thkC; z;Ay896tm!`odY4ws$yj2fT&@rRge44Mca#Q)Se>r2wVk|aM>~N_X^C#ca96B11~do z3eeeqYz%};Fz}BeAH2|dcF{lUw|;3cjSm6C3e?p+m`1*m{LP=SYb0jEA4(yrLIt>* z3Ei`Pgk^`$*b0YDtR6kX>wa!-eS(yqtKY-7jGyK>3NF#sJhfm|o|E|mm-kY6n+`(( zN=&fDjPol004T)!g)b!A&B4-KMgC|+K|%>9$|{7@~1P~Q`CBdaR%6Q z^QJZM?k5?s;);IrS%82nFam^{3*U)DVNI$%!} zt=Y@lN8j~7S%h(TAxtAdkOHxw*Zs_HPLqXEMrOA5eI?$~?+zJ= zNB$}%fKepdlV}#}#m|&ek#xA18Htg-!kqyTLZ}L(ATSk1nFku$80CsM#gRgPj=@!I zXl=Mr#+R3PI2zLW8Us5bQj+d?3SM2yH7wF|G*a$h?=dGjsCovw)a$hwGD8}`7}8x! zss7R+6B(b%4*~NUxqR7;lwwaHE6wkBCv&)YPDceClx0dXMJAqEoV=`Ej}mBA)f5Iu z>askMwy4;na}^cUf@s0k2(s>fQvU$`#LwEa{5#F8-=`=imPZILtD?4w$-EHtk)Sn|_D^qX3hjcXCM4u_h_f`ZnC?pX*m|?}JGnCgO zk*JUY8rN8$a#mQwTwAnOe^-e%#bR5PVX8Le%o>BmWp!_>lZ!tCv3rVtTNB3|IM!?D z*v=QQrcw}NAmCVMKvqF(t?{QuK-SN8xTU9AEB-SDF7jI5rk5D-w^K3WWOA*T&Z5Og zHK9C9BHZA^BSEz8<6yiIY(+{r!P;CryW zzqW_`DE@3jR39;^s5zSS51t~b&2IXVZAR(dpYQhVGKP;>45ut`6`O?FhI)5J-ERPq zza|6zV+>pRR`g5*$N+z86l#Q(k*@4^eqb z?$TCpELp)e1MC$lS=q~JF2MzF``7kYRc<-gRbT*2%EQIxsypho8BoZ*N}dNg2_zS0 z)})%6jx}S0QwmfTRt%=ZVhu98$g`a+IgCX+(*B#?^(dEftv35tCrpRL&0}L_AB}Iv z(s~z0kM|QH+)6NiSC_`j+>tz@qkNQ3KC5;>e$+D8tMAp=ba3c;G8uMu(Rkg3k(WR!lacRRqZM8KDsu0~t2P=xSd+o$V z%tU~E+56}k*qlvq#USxof6Mtc$wzvug?zt97+1lg)h~>O8pAjo3bH4MF0)UwPf`^04mce(Zs5XEgIya zuZtA=t<#}@=llNvdlQQev%Qz(fXN6}QMO$G4DWM#H;P08L1!N7v@%9mhX+aH#8dHY z5QS@oR?5_GWS`{D3MSM&`kAVQa~2%wh>H&?vvU=w(IUdhq*~OHC>U_5yt1|#VpFc8 zdw!?8iw8cca%}zd(CQFOq@MxgX*l+h%6tP3d@0y}I%H9{xeut{FAD1R_s-m{YyRzy zA9;t_!{zC}{{YW_ir56;Fu25UG?Cm%6I>l#jg3FM+(LxLfHMvQ%DwfQxEfHqTQEKK z-EVP;y5h1~EoU5egPYp>T*|h~t~ympv(kKqA>1Ua%0Uc8)DFsfN+=F{E<0&XkGDr= zmiQBYr%B9#ovT7$PtB_1fH~pLyl;E<)@Mv=6=Hn)p3k+l?T)V_n?C)z6*BEs&0-q4 zpKZ9(nusGRp%D>qFybl}B-X4Bn;YJ_>t4@a64r&fu*7=@0QjwbBCK|gsYmQqZB*sZElaVm>&;iyv^$r3qktNFIY zv#X-6;w5HVTR!?*G`_0JBYZrcD%*=L~cBxicjO~%tvVAm(%?dM6p+_ad1 z8kVx#i0rPDWWZh~);VO<(?<=s?I5KsMAS-sjTz!s(JHVwWtlzH+L^y>JvFn8E!kLq z+a~m-3n3wLAn-M-``F+b3Dm<926n4rvaUwn&3<6IcB)9cG42e6zA=$v4PtIk#Vng! z9}8Vaepao|-Uqj)FUEi&JB`{%;{KjDx42W~$&V|oE9$o`A!rP0)Ry~o3$xq$8+hX4 z2aCMtOxnV^1?V&&d z4O|9PIMMB{TxOK(koKMxEZHce@hP^5Gs$Hpt+D+bTw5AXaVD5sw+eS@hTS`>EzI^g zn-fY-{0Fv;D_ELM&CM_itNvZNRYCDk!&>6GTM<|T2P$4+z-CRUfN-IrdYgoQ909rZ zP%zHq`a3-%G6D|sLfY-*-ZI4y{Ftm6j#nRjOsL!K;_cAdC`PGYm1#yxAcJJOAxsRM zC_TcqE?;f5#Gg`Ld7k0Qgwk)f9$(3f@j042duXD@+TZ3i)6S7C+ZNy{p~kv+AWv<4 zSexx2hP7T<9mmWm-oP}(X03@3Mi9MCzxBK7S zZzkNa!P?2#i-L-0pbD*jlmIXTD&R{S45$IjhQkG`mjGB&$W=yPbLqqAM}RoF=4g9Z zW!%Z71^J!=ff6+G1Yc?7D|>7s+Qt$wcKmtKMtW>%blsNQW}4c@Q=7Ja%4SXa3?mwk zJ{6hjF~!a5UvstD!TY`I=#MDSV)7nJD9EGQq;)b%`XgLPH~=euK7O^*<0L6*2;!p; zw!HrUQ~H*D@z9Csz&x?v?KPHnGLw7Ik(D1))IVI?HVTY8=x3^R9ihZngtK0pb{s zva@y%r*H?%El=;{4AIB(i=OjZ&MPLRIbBz|oRJbdSRNFAWn!yl;lvCpkK0fsWIh(s zMs*7}bqAw^kGH=h_fc;U6U}j?QlQw@k>0LSAb!zOo1LQ^6f1VEBIiZ)KY`I~m~%D% z04-DPZ9g$c_VP=J1y`BEo=CzAW_X(8JYO|K%0erm>JNhOrM2>26Htf6hudLp)oR!8 zyZ9tTjgvh;j_k$0G1I~=LYz}t9 zghz(CNffLnsQN#2+BZ8V!AIvp5BOfysnj;FyjX%VqeUotu(;D}5nfAUzB^s!-*7Nk z&76OKD`3^@URDbrjM>VcO}j|&n&Zl?T#Cy{{K;j}oeslmxAkMY1nL)#O?fkwAQk0a zDdKot;c;h;iZ^5n3R@sazY1n37?4=ovZ-W_RNtA)fYcANj55(4b&3mE^N1qDiaj5IWi~!+OzI?Z= zPZip|Na6N)X=zK7Z%2NEGHBD_0h@(?CA`+p95(T0M{8wF#^YZhndM@-#{;O-+5vjCQNY)h~GB1ajtCtu87@i=Dd#DP)0dPYD znHHkzmE{X?O9Q0$R}-VVcX6z@JPE))8|8fn4v4_ zQkjBo%4$fC+K`cRVxv1$+G)d;;$20TB9qqJ?&8Yv#vapG$kKmeXT+L<;{Tr(c}#YyHu8Ct|=S|f2L;uSiqJ}SO! zFBNsxcCyocA-S+vz`f)YED)gKOiLk$zsv)ZK0uZMTzf*+!)Io&vG@ zax!fnb1pLO337YuuG^*YWa_kb_#)D`h?-enQ7z8_UAdOXdC;Ob0m_3J9lU=6uQOV4 z8*SIRv3GBI5qoQ5_Jv1(WeW8*wm@e%Ql!!4HxvU-DMOub&ZLTfF`!|Q<*1L;y`mbW zd=zpV%@R18KonSWV~`c6w1FdALbv&(Y}$c}Z8ixEAspN>)h7cZe>Z1kIgPBNN{p(( zZJs8%t!!`<$v~~hyplEa#x*xO8tpE1&Te^dqcrNi7{$#BMj&f{nXEZb)66>g1k{Uw zpv}5e!{X#AX?JYbSjLghjTdLJE`3R|;44de8WP;J5J|Z@=DNqhdDF7Z2GTpR3Zu%S zGeO>OV%f)GV67y2qFGRxzd0dT`oB>PSC5#y`qAR)NC0^eJSpu%_5i z4!ynow@jIo*`)lW{`P-mcvAN^;amRzS8lF0`(-@chuAC514!PZ)o3uSVPQ~MoCg{h zG)M*B{HO%c+5rk!d5$F0@SHU^X0zhOfTpCEO6e5HMjBmz)KIHSDYR%V+|OsWyuSN? zKK}r4XPEXPa77s?rn54*1)oEul(qvZ0~(TQgwbF`RE4Pm^=n$R21=Tt6?0W0=EAfZN>o*d zsGtzrG5Nu`E;LDB)MjFHs)6Z4{LexzZ-}L`ZRxTviu9#y+M8QN^6c|63^h;r-|6%s^18pZMQ8HI&2Dty^U9Ky_#$o_(n)F6s_6HT6l{M z>9>iy{{TC-`A?fq{{Z9X{gu_`^*7^PQ~MbE2ZHX!_|=tl9U%K^wJXM~_6iwEcJU}x zh)PG9oA9XKq#(s4Lrq+&_od@2%2AaNuvQO6K| z`cGK~t|UBaEgeakpRwq@auWNv7Cqc}NhDqd>})gk(l7K>1e3Sj7G42>zu8vl(iPo* zfqWfVSaw?Ub=^p&;M=yNm)u(&l8H<;#GJs7{*I6vdiM5J*XZd#^B{kAwjkYCI%*eL2PPSc z(ck?mG(gSLU-x@)iQBRKFTSw_!6ivoQ(_3S1IUV7DK%L6DymEQc+$26n_vz? zx!zYGN;Hr#8GCBcfqZ@RsX+Uh8+KQSDgmn2E5s4TtGt*Ey2J(9tXs29E{mmqubCdo zD3r2T*|Qe@H7NB;)f8!^4Ws~S^8jtkQBV@VHGn*7=;~8K*abey>0@966|$VE0ER$$ zznkf|U`JicI+7U>g%-q&YVbx;0}yY0T&PHo832s?@51f>rNlR zx$|QzDZXubl7aa5P;OX7Dp)oOSPK(uf2y)P&C9%SMIcShWpaCmG(RZ6Jb+hZDl|KTSYKE92Fj_;%FG zxG36J5yq{?*S7M;z3GON(P;~~>=Q6eE~3gcYCNf5-p4!O$~5FJOLZCa^wxOAf23oe z`)LK+YzD{GGBKM?&5lj-+PXcxX^+=r?A^H5HG_vW-d~~cuJ6ad+}1{URgsmhp}p0S z(q`OD;s#^s1=Mee7VWL5nhhin6P2lb>%`)zdiR~75A7CRY~0sqTIyArRFe3*3ulfM zX&x718_IpuG%iarxe5h~XH2Hve<@=^7#18mdux&GyY6+{ir;S!)J9kvSrFy&@u0@- z8)0yGsjYcqjcm*atfTI#{>9pBo>zT$m){7y^zdawC0H;u2C zz;|O4NQ&;dMqpFq)l>yr3gXJDU5%AR$?O%?RH~t9g>APlQzx#-(!SrPe@Et-gUQ&V zDxKRbNU<-K1&6YOuqSo8+;ur}CrlvlQH2L}DR(p%TX+11eJk7Z72LJJsfD~Eg}H1E zOl{y47~KHO*W53CZaMt1-Clg1Tan*erLPd~qflF*7B`_0S2X}p6t0@QaWlA71(@&@ z*4tqu)@JZW&x!7>SYd~3f0jTLaVInFt+}KI+hL>zpBrR@FKswVsN^^b5tz0SkMA0Q zxZRD-X-i;3dxU8@3KJ_fE^IkfnpHtc%Iziu;mWh|)G2%pmvXYrP}i2 z^7fk3-fk>JOa1CAf4CoEkuI!8Tq#+l1e&W%5<60FH59 zRy^oRDN1Z!#BifTZ9*j8*^c(`zl&XlE)!I*QISi+{>Z^&9I^*8T*-a z$j*42C~={4bCp6Vm9N8vGy=vk_f{WbQZS>Cs>wR835n-ae|LAlWy-1{Clf^=d4gtU zH#pQqk&Z6hWdAc(zqQ zFGrP(%vjlZDvJTw1ympznj42=(cmiNVRKd1tCdltCYnTvXECaPNvlU2$ZVtAPerr{ zE_0%kf!QHte~f`p%W7%Dtt{r|h!c=@sa7d{Ih-$DP(=o(ag&WvMippc)O9zNYU>s8 zZwm3KX*CTIizv$Ut@arv&XtFl`vm}-;%iB^G07Zcl8(m8f8ZI8LJUA*d;b9NX@rC4KM+#uGGZK6Ou__HE^0<6{ zW~MGye^qlW5%=hF@%ugjj^MPHz&oeg+0f!c&pEp z>$CvUZGIKQ4i~5`z+>4}ENaIj7rj|moeVXq>mt?(dskF?i(Np)e`zmeckO0HEI_c% zteeRf0t0vFMmywa$S8FYZpsbcw1p~nfjWwse~NJltxk&AOglwoR*y$(Nhsz4rMAJY z=Dq4cs$QAdY~OfHjD0<-8%Z}3en|PZ-BNIqZ$!G4LG}@yGH#EQ0~~#43vK!bTYN%=FG2=we+nK)k?Ir-GMj?BpayZl=`Q%CZYMvFBZLD3n1&cSETdf;m)fcH2GsiDy9;?Q-0x z^MCmV8YY4}xzy;an_3y9%$?@J(CM8)2g>6k+6^TaOx(*MRUkwDqkaR8dO2Uy+e#Q~ zO+Hi4fvo+j*{*mC+q$dm@lPh-rF0{ffBafYcht$96=jiQC-SbQ`L(!;6mGyB7#6_Q z*sPAy6N?gk=89wWKw`M?1BErxqmGPPS>9)V%!qX>h0$jp4X;L;Nn8YRVV$dH8MZw? zX&lbV&ci!h*zy&U+V@WLE(SwzycVHmn^t>wI%@qctLAd*P@^(10*>h*Q5%4ze{lo8 zmW?Ef7ZxKbW&KHQDDiM3h^b^t!e{E}QnOnmt;(_T1Tf13%u{OmksjwzAUACVN*^$> zqr{V2QpR*P0}r;M)ADGf_bB3P9YXduRvF_){jri2kew1|jwFhpGemW=;CP&cHyqG3 zUZkWfoH4-HMA_1=sIe_FSepK}YVN=qb2btoE}zq+TUZFbXb+DS)?Q3R7< zpmCw@c3bl-jp#FiOI`9tq68|ww>ocwHS%P%ve-GwO`h;*#?Wgw>$Ftj+TZRg}S-Dn5);BUX>TGA6*meqg zKArakS6uM95omaIQx1j=@8nsu8?2gOG>) zz&*9E9G)E{;Bu^0V6uzzt(~^pbub>3Y)8yRhrH7vY*>q%3`xjSf7@Mw3<9e z^&wl@l4vSz+foDW|WF--KB`3B$UYZ8add< zC5)Kbina}Cd;~>ps?a9ZJ-Lc1r?UlYM8O6x`f(Se@O2&jMMmy76iJEPr2cG zT+MsZa?f|pswKvmY%4}S=N-(Q^-)*c5BCq>RRWQ0P?1K6V|oyypt9C97AEG@mif$* zh*u@fogNiw4oWXbEy*r?%x^@#wgon0bn4HIv+d0Z-slU|Es(h?O9D7$i}tvbCB zmb_@SW;7i-e?}M6Opcm(iry-UEC;fea9H3ewCIWJ)tPJ4qF**NRe~hRK&D-E=5eI= z8>pf1`J_27@vQU;m#|4BjwQLo{36 z8z*Hj(LuUak_pO?01Ccd`sB-QZ7q0sbuU_~sneI_e*rfeP3)@<`T(-N3oLklin6yN z6x>LV645JJN#jrM;ffKcHmS(BEhCtvpy`utA!#CX)VV}j&er8rr6ITKOZ!-k`gHRY zqeBj}cfn{%DY?$sSwC#d%2aC&m~K^7qtsUW45LLF*+oN5e5qi@ru6bpi7v#@$g9|z zus{d|e_f7BD?nv0*bb9cjR77T7UfI`fWD!2IA51_3`3_`Hp;@e?~ye4y}uKu4nJL0 zlJ$NEG-m*Pq~s_TLfTuxpyO({gkfWPt5{nKN^cvTd9g(sO=xLb02d*ZWN**=rw4_F zH74SC;}Tp3;JuWK4^Xo)@sn~*Qi>e2&f?KQe^*vz#2Zys;OVYmVRC(yO&*NNwB=}A z?qxUwLM(M-k2;M+94hgIEo zf9ke(8GGu}Z{>R|Bhidx2bcUmXE90)yR@f?_P_21GJh6Rm(o(N$vrE7F-Q? ztznKN)dNW>2!iFZS~SOM+H}*Y(U;uQCO$4@?7T>hFfq*Yp-4Y5txWDVlRyIlsSadt zJdG`CwOV?oCnb|wH3e-}2zcRA1z3}Sf4vb%&?~BIs~SMmjy1?sFfJ~)#CB7%M;zf| z*~NJcyhDKPGk$?d01`VUU8r0tm>1T5&>~2<*N+ z!{E}}0sN~&+(Y}A^k2pe<73Z}@1v2^998Ri);6mB#>0yyRPt9!N2YhX?z{}je{-fd zP06{iWjXdz(M3Gd4ZJZlo0d96DlXUVuW8V}lH2t4{{WKfOtMW7)*%?h6~1qozRC|^ zEz0bAU#k$^@2?ir{+xM9G3?~D^GUBr3K0-mIM)S1$O=n&)Mei849s+>!X)`u_|YKT z2k^I>@2@M~UiQ&_3#WfGw-z{3fBvt?Vxg>}=DSehZB;gGcyO*fbarrxHvkAM*XKl4 zu(ev%U@N~KJ|yjFDiVmOMOjvisfAVql88vcil7?p6)L1rfEAttF5XzjnUveSV_4f~ zDI!V5NF;Y0YtW&wtgZIYMY$z#j$ab@{6e}ty`pORkj$nZV^?v~I&SaBenW_b5%ily_N<2@E{>l*E#?cp!68m>e=l!!F7mtPY&i<5 zsV2gxl3NP(+_={(V~I4E{!{}F`pRf#f^M+|69SBak|;5)VH zojYrc5U#JB_?zC;ew&PBw;9D9gz#5Z8%8D*d6tugYcrFV|Ji7AAsLm8;OMIOW)W_9~ z2}cuB+mI_cf9E5O38yBbEWZS49nWo1r?QjCR&T6toe;}(Va!t@ZCFG^46_UIIM&c` zhz9^G6KvsJ8ggC7hQQ}nsn2c2x6|r#SuHP!(_5J_HJZ(dpx&cZXiGUQda!y3s|sYr zvIDqJ&c6m16+$gX-7qT{0>wrro#+Y+8wyz+BFMUpe=rvzSBecQbDbU-mltznTv+y2 z)Xkwi=Y}PSX84}rRNHMNnn4_Eb~MUCF8=^^c-I!e2PGU$dTobKi)9^#G9NQlYgDyl zZGMOcPw8>(5EdGxIht&#G*fKNFEr!IxSDOmDEd~FntOH*LXqk{b7{0C1A6n1^3dQv zsj{o|f5($?w~KW%0Y2jFwjLPJ9EWWtOp1zkdn7$5?E4N!vS}1cJ9<&y%kdg2L9~Rq zNI)tzY9i*{=8ppE+op#aqhpSAQY`FLiptH=9lqM> z<62Ka9p>CbRn&s6HDSQ<6iu{n%7;?;#}S3aX!S@S{h}D{;kG>WRz}uC9H4tEVt;o7 zf7SA=r26Txum1oZW&O6@dG0m)WyC4DT*oS}rl8vQG;)m)^+32|W);%uDhjQD<4~?! z%ua>xijdp^wXj?X$PP8k6-Y7M8w>LWr9%^S7qvkSmyqzzp4lxaH$DQ>6iQVf21sIc2dX_u}Ra=lje;5&n zG{O$S6RJ0<qq8B+@J}qe&y+sG{W4-7lhVI++a^^tRymr*Vh(2gGaE>^40=rK?4? zP}7w<QbkR=K+ zw->BHZ-p0axRYrxl`$DQ{L92u@n4H+?QJKj@j3Hj=95ZYA0(d7!Jd{_l1;dcEK|&< zw}Gtqm7J;pc4MS3GH|O%f9;_^Zr9t*iXWEwiYHB)H0v8!$A}~9bKEPF{=MsKCiyAS z$Ef}G3*x1#>Ax6s^6BtBr%CAhewv0&A-A%D>(6fyx57IGXMIV(CD&qy!nS#PPr|>A zZ?meYkoiC?Phc0X3AvrO6Uj3iWMba)M*BiJ>8+ig^vPGEE0As}e`PdPYUaHpy0H4p zWKn#@ULtSVN+V%vW;Ur)9~Q^6lr*@}6i`sn)~ZQ_QASZgQ${ zbg-<^`fuK?@}6``>rvZO2dR`L-0bGC@UYB$E-P1QzKe7$z8MFZ4t~ycNuZ8&(&H~H z48>;6w3Y_cFJX$hf6}*Um#9*!QL(*USzB(X>15olvHqgx?G>XI<_U-8xILL4brjPT z)u5KHsl84V!j-Nd)Rs}10*2d&ha2}%lwwFVLMn~A9}1J-Lo&+TY&$D*K~-V25^Y0f zRX7WpsRU?%ZrB@+5DFpfo3jG$1LVe|BR-E=3)XjuZzL;aLTd>hr5C zmNyg@6-`7_3e5zbiYK|X>oiGMS#cGamgcXoVMA%jrF~o~rbAKUbRf+o>V@ip=AfF; zhEmHHs|hZ)rOBucL9C3{kTQ~6*+=y?t;Hg7@g;KZ8Z(u_%vF;)ty8xzYtmP}7jr0f zHp+k~e=(}GE-KclQPD{iq!vIXTc>qjXk$OsM>}>XTHYLqtl1yXl%_akYBjQLp;~Zj z0dr78PaxaIF1NE=;%*B`uKkK>MX}=My$?v)e%=v0qS7$%gYbj+nx$5x?Ak+{Eu>pG ztSn@2JANJ267P`?k%^_ZyV5@`4mE+l>npare{fn&#}k^Te=|?w$)w(h+23_&cG3Eq znKUW#pvBv{Ys+;HsCQekVv75HvA~5sHXqF2fUL=-mT8Q$xsls8H4L~?yLKyDMz2;7 zs2OEm-=dkP==(KQ2^>Sl?d3K#;bVV<*R1H<#+#%?wI<28W>N-b=TNSE%hJ5c)>}|% zf62KKt3|Z9MLsDwvFxG7Wga_{c$1A%4W!c9l$Ar9Wk->u4W&sIz*iP)r4_6>+~~(m z=kW&XsTpv*ibc4K))N*+F}@6@#=QsaSlUTJ2HZH-Ut5I)i#lLP(;)2`8twl88=Wh> zbM@=-M;G}VN!49{4Ihx2GV5JlTZ`7if5!xGsmNqyz&8WgUVJ&NJ)9?dwq{qp;xYk^ zkHgGfxRmz0~mcA|61!2g#B`d{A2iaRi zV}%i&f=?C9pyI4PT|<>)vb6hv1_nmq$khF#YwkJp@9{c4;!V;QslB`nZLl&#f2PHi zu=dqVFB6t^CM7tEB2Ho}6h_LJEpwT45W#L@P#udEoGgt@;8hV=Am zQEOpFfeS|EMlFD?dwN{y(2Z;Ae@R2@C@PqyCjd(EBZX&7V=@r90n42|5;zTYAX?U} z?FHn}FzuwpRIO-wRUz+dI#outWDUT!mKX}E-ODf*jWKGOcFdL|#HWa-&fG!M*+B6X z)W^1;E$dpYKh3~>wi{m~=CsD8{)ob!M`ra1AY`Y7N*jyUvtE#`v5#vce?hjAC}wek zt6Jc#d42B9c3Y?0B%*a&5bN8)yG2_YQN|(;TfSCyo%I&d2^YW|%{?Dafq*2FN*Zbj zST3Gf8ch7+Xxj206Quf*_=X)PY{QSfg)c;P#uwH6t^8`|s5D0a8?u?(^=-7IE1yld zHeUMW*ujP&vcoi;q&?BcrH zdieK8Ke+bIB-Or`qx~2~>51ykF6DvSkS%j!Ese`?tX{MAF5GR~f2Q=6QxOFvoR0>R zn#K-&^^?_l=KHF#Sx=?42gA2R;r{vfjc0JKy5o8~x$x*lwXJ@Y6W6I=Y%N`D=S=Nj zgvNJUyZQ=rq-t!^zaV%4QMcLdH%wP;8%RcW$$4Fl6x{2tMP2OnAB)q+r%)EF!Y<~y zqjYwS!B<0OQ^1P6e+%L@t@O4U{YWN}U02gxQIgPP72+#{@MuIn z$GCH)w;S|`6;Bg=l!$33eNJ!pPcvk22?n%wpHOdh;4H`YF>-7icQ^5-cVetjvo@qa-SoSm6kWFW zYraDJcDWvS&JMlerR{2E3|5*JxfNx82BC#e;ag*F5r8x{iCcw8YOpn=0+MY{!%I9Y zGZm~WiYsO>SjH(*DpVWR$L*mxtxD|R`Dtv*e^nWwSYcKQYgKj;8o&H(L}ycy$_$*S zY-?6tn_xsnQ>27#mRT7M#Tj=IobWW0I8lkE-*drz z^ipD88Ko-1*oy;7F;H`)%&vIU1|;WA0wn{1#b|Ac$bp9p#bha__FJZcP{81DBZa9f ze}_oYI15%MQU3s_?X_&Qfrg>Ru=j+%=E^R{!AEJKN9r}Jp{4Zx#BO&6Sq0&P6Um=| zt^M}!Lm4;6g%4>0blrkNY#BzWPd7N4@||a^HtJ@MBl%+jdDlwO9G3MmdWTnbEgTJr z^GWy$${%f3rnA&)q>f>FylSitqDB~7f1OlRj|sO5Mo|=DrLS7u19TzYtZibGcx-aj z@R~uR)VCRm9AttBHXz&{L{PPP)z$S-Wo|Z4vGk~6mOSAZO;#fmTh02^`RS=}3` zF8im)J0B8_GWIh602+P=5`xNZpxX82s`0a{Q)z}$_I6UVs_n21`xJrXL5LRjf7hO6 zibCGC*jo@YuT>2Ii(T&t?&mqQ9@jBSQ1!1h&Q zmPnjDXG;z>sGC_OW2H3#=Dtb25S_#8j<^3N<^4v*$7 zHts1Pva2Mld}H7}wO*eQ*3&S-e?^zP(@n905ryPo^JPSiM+_QEFap{@u(fmK%Zj+| zOew{l{{W%cj~-`|xihrg7KwhM;Y+=T49yvh@c3(_axhiW7+%#-z#%R%_(wYAhR;(L zT2iv!tQ6-}xG2hlYYeEw>&yi|eMf^Ld+k-Mr~4fK=Q7D%G);8@YqkRPe?cpzM^Ez9 z%Mc7Sd2~r4}rn{kyf1dtLp$PYrZgUy3 zcCYZQY2kx&4Vupzi>nW?gI;_qlVCIFTHPJVj$NB#Pr>523KQj0- zH|Vyh?LU!`x!XS4QyXG4R^}*n!nXQ`*i8|)nQ>ahv96zQm+n$u)U;%CW8rN!dm5cK zEvHb0Hj}d?(2`Iof3~zZkS|&r{mh$1O|H;>*#hbY*q*`o)*K*MG7_?>y0FXsOYN{T&sbUm@vw@oBY7LiKlDgu2u$UJc=0Ke<8b zVQWaE_)?oxEagDCJSyA0{_A?-r)&Yb#<(i?3MWm&a!+Mhe^%7N7Ky6q_#$e`*;I97 zKeKLJE2-a5S646GvDL*MRB8r|Hry*%d+3?~BfgI^jb^n1CHtqF6eHhqn1dUTt>~2?HrA1K|0Kumj)hX;wc1+SO)edA{e=KVTy;ZQKqTVCnCxQ9=CYZh-jRe}@^MLASzrjS6#f2uju85V(hiqdF7i;9h6gkxC&LAn!|aL?^FWjxB^WOEvOin#i*Ou**bZY;p!bK zKbM^we`B;enK8m8^PYW`e!NGZs4xn0?xu|!6~9tO1_~%oElZM3222GbWfBJ?+yTf? zS*wds(r$;`B8+OfM;de_ ze}fBF0@Zyr1W|xV!mOtni&qLphfL6dTcx>GdOqB4dcbxUNG~IIk1yLniL9r(nCWw_ z(_^~cA2f}nPh$T7Z7wzH4oB$o(6`jRREzCmJ|^>#z*m@1SlgdEzT#(|R+Y`m8`V$? z__FM-gPm41Ifjx&?`|TxttN~30Ry(6e_GwNIt8ULh@t_hdqq@H6k3sti$dHDbg-3e zOOdW4NenXMOvPti2iZ@Jr=#j7MAoR-`bT`5dEaj>y&b>-uaI%&KZSbfC)#ZgCDj2w zRj-~vOcI7%xQg@;$sEWZHaHW;r|$5+A99Il^><6U7Y&oTrQ1s1Pmh7Cyx%hue;gFOU*!MBw`&%T~J<{4?qyxxrMl~=}!d_`uAShRi? z8IE+53~osR`HE@e)@~RI1FV2yW=Fu)aHVNhM?bmClOG-rPP$06t05N{gZ}`t3ewW0iD}BlGNk(8NZlZX0F9BF*X%fXbtjC#9C9 zHBWXjt6&8$y;%J_ws-KFZq&Z!CXg5 ztWQ=$9y>cH(RJ7qfMd$A_e-L7QGmVcagAedzv>TlZ)f#2{?Yx<(w~SFBvjs^1z3vo zP8L9?I(Pj+{+duzojd-Z_ZpsW{{TCA50C4wnWJ4@U0!kA3+f1>j(9yJ5rUY3&h$0d zwCH750j>a3_tAc$eJ#+6-*Mp?H+Bxr1L&fKeCbHAE2#@1{IuRYW^Qtsvu#0vqyaWxfupG?jzOYt3-jP;yIzLOe*^AYNck5(eK9!M?HAL6 zC22cxw|y$TTUDgm-XFQwY*%%8Gdg0VZEwRtNfZoJf(=Yl$rcKHKPkjjHHOCB;8a)> zaa}Q{rCzme|$Q-0H#Fm5X~5TO8??bZm_*4>10-6Qngcdy_jkns#xsyWR zqs-iee=#1_rF{#4;&}?xh7^SYAg~$snl-Gy09x_pL~$fB2;&x2tgfuO;x(-+XC3gbo7SB?VR)I|b_NvAfOz1GhNn^Z>@e}%lKyOFCV+}iMkoYC&ABeY|fy%rdEvHpv)j#s$%8rp&vb7fYFsaeVY04b+egn^m0cdyh3 z%R#WJ_@iB7!se{vHnCBsonr^;lHiuG%N9v7vW8B(v?I7m`(8 zfAd+}j=j_3xI)q%%&W}FE4jN8Pi+K~PO01+jk*4$k**?$DCSM+7wY@BH@c5yBb{AP znr@)+JHAbTm zv6GRkv#Q#cSy>M;%8slUYE#}hQA}2ge}%3ht}zt`h!*7?^g_gEYYOhCC!w{2V!5j7 zllqP|$OG;ojQK&<-OG(5yqM3pc@GnZbtP7%9>`eKp%n(XYRHS+v8WXwR}okQiYj6# zGDN-X4%xt3cW4DP^YHt@1GNWs?q`xASt#^S!xmaBGRC?BHGg*dL zr=c-Kb$Pf8(tDk&24`GBB-@ofIB(UbVRBie=~4lO*z3gbG&T*u5-;qce@4m==7P(@ z)p+l6%jNlNt+cA;eJkK_(zbaLPwIaWc_1vNzyc^Mw<8ul!B0wLHzL;Jw4~2r#Yo|5 zo;;HqGWoE&&aHNR85RR9C^EX_1(CS8y8z;Z6krSW>&Png|Dw z0CO48A>PRz4dY(i>UPC!iMvZWxCgv#y2FH=B>J`rF){Q{w$?BYi z3~R4K)&)aMqccN`VUUd06^*!kb2ED>jn3?_D4x?wS9i9=>*{(=f5#?#ir$sbl&hMe zXIH}2*U;u7oaxr}&G}(UQ(Zs)qu6OO{{Z>h$ZUUIe9ao_n(FgT^BbsjW4)1IO|%Uv zDv?dQx`r&P!!bCX&W!1=9Zj2<+`N+>WI9y?~2@*;lpgZ8w3Hv0-sqE%lGz zsFU7oBqY}=#Q?e}e+P-H?iWS)5OU>8%EhWqt+<^Iyjd#i%BUo}_S2?3J83-0Ig?i_ zaB7v;?deL_(zWV&-uo^~kgFMc$Xys__2DD)j0ayOe1f42$@+fid5!y+6jBdP6T z+V0G8u<;E|82wb_m=$1-WFNV93^`Vuaq z8&NXIP}dQ0hh-H_`|8-6Re?g>eHp}r-2&kS>Nr}l7b(GP8 zT#eqM#m~#Pz78D{j ze<>(UsQnxT*yKoYrOT+=thO`B$#k!_k~BbVw?E9(Iw=|0f2&k2OH?f~5$Y8M&8p6ps>S9M(48 zY%f4{vr{`^g(ZimLM+wOrPMbnvy5n(bwtbAaYGvQBpjbZCu-@rK?J7Gzoz`V4`mTG zz~v+s=06cgAt>Pc>rYsj0X}du<}0eY{{ZZcTWRFW#!PQ<$?0<(#0HSQuwYd*;1nCuu}2LP?R{^%iTwSGe`@c z06rmJE^HUaX05kJ(WBL-YUHmZ{MS@gXxz2Jn>I$-&`OYOa3e5ld1OP52&;g<3Q{OG z^7@xuVTrq*eUz!jo15-$D`5dMf2!#i4t#1AhM}ljUn;!uM268x>Jfn!{Az@(LhXwj zfTC84b_qC1ZG03Q0OBYU%uoda@sV!PL;=XV*b|bD6-Q9OgG`%II;2(LtE-JI++CDf z>MSb4G8XE5R?4^~$&Kzg5tS4!h0~pebz5HCVLAO#%UpCzWnAaw{!tpvi zj!fC?@uy^x)wiM(jn+Gpe;%>I`HIhT<6;G|%D10q8(ze%`BLYkKuIj@Z@^eosqZi; zZP_>Ab!7H=+%HQ@teFL^#+utfxqlI2k&Y*gXbrBw?SXFt`*BI_327=2R7lg6-FgS7w16?PAqSFynAWoe;xn={LNRBV?0T$ z*~c9`Dz&yczA~hX$Ck<8jiYgPHPy^AHNaKT0?D0Ps=3wa*1|o`rnVpTKEq1WI}iGi z+-WlZ0QuYh09H0XuD)iSbw%r|%smhX!x*w!$`oOhOtQJXtQ6&ZO|3#w>^wx9_SBWN zJF-t{D_>^Yn_ow+e}eLY+2c!;#++e=FCkR~lVMpl+12*xN~~*+UA&weJHVn)Z94zl}Nw}$BnCZY17-M!4~EKn~m(_ z@}>v!qX&ZDk8LJfRp`{~r%g$#JZqAFQZbTty~wyHAwza&e{4=!R+j$&V$V8Csvt7{ zs(d0r<}2SwPYb~zjqy2xIEoeFqe>hHovmHv3)q9m)aQ>HZDEdd7B*p>QTB47vW;Tb z7R1}So00?o8Q!k0bIPk?rmm_;HWvdrAqpJY_XoPHbp{N0@}VvjVR|n1Y8#c}D#b+k zRYUL&ip6z-f8jN8bCz6aQ5OclTyY#I=sY$zu;Ip~YQCD4R$Dg(@zSP`wSq}*$%dL* zMl5bH7Qj}IM+KGhu{4%$w2`;4O}^x*(%djK>aw`KAiXzw?<=a=K_x-WyQ(6ckm)!P zfd-nER@s8dqeQBj8%N5jlY%PRfu;}{LtSbmRM9a)e{E1Cv8a&Rf?BbMqMT%Dg^(J_ zSEeJFiV$N&Jyuh4huKT4!qs(Lut6M z(|XOlja?)l(?F93;Cs-gai{Hxfr0+~Rl& zDFL%3*2aR@Cc_g)l$R{bLa!D$0a=^Qq^JyAe_t{4N`LUsZ6KuCPNlo_lNj!n6%Bq5@FcDxp(NkZogB(?$)*S3xxH-)G^wW@wN^rLNp5 z^p8;rg5=}{Xaiz{Zh&Q5Jtv?e72R(a!ZD5`$F-@xpVCq?C*0YbVyT!Fr6ZeIQ9{cU zf8Lb>$^ZkEWX%|0Z(5T^TJ(g`u&lz2E!-ZP5;8P|i(B(TTo6U;I&Pl#@cXL@WX*3Sw2Pb59)3{%Ft;7V^mL4Pbu<_EPE+dV#enV&Qw_)x$fBkMfa#=CGO4%A5vcnghfG37#kdfL+FYu2oUrMkA zK`wLlR{L?gDgOXz#)z3W(T^%I?Kn|moo0_vz>L)9DS0d~JUL@k0K<811{TtI)9_KI zjE(akR9DpLOAG)FspKhUI%?$?ovH#Wwr#;ifMs;KiK_6OKsF?rJdyswEpbFxwbabU z`g<)s8mTf;**E+&UrfgO?-5hfr=#e>jtwsXQy9iV|DG zgO=`W+(fx7EoPK;<%l`o9Z~a(t{dNBU*%~#~ z)z#)6h=7foZ;Rd&QHGM+gah4O>Q+Nwr1mYNys@e3qts^cTVrC6%y7PUZ06nKFGrq`u< zja>r6WsLJVRTk=X1BjzSQ%FY{Rhc&Hjfp(CRdKkM*5q<(;yeRww*I`zNU~sYdP zR*lw+yf$;pTsKRj~&^>CjlZw9GiU!`vy-5wv-2Eh(}9^gs*0g2#{-reWzD*)b6i zIh-rk#}qLOM2drwfGSC>2|Vmw2XSv1Rr_eCqUjg)%Ae&GvhFAjOJzZYNryJme-HgW z@$lej34eF}W)o)IIPbN3Z`(7RYU|TracLAcePFZ5p0U-3{{YBua5Y2LdaoHl?@?a1 zPJz?kB(dzIruuhmGNwpgOR?tLtMxPfZM&3En|;53G|lX=t;u>6OU9KwE-=AMX&mc4 zHD*mS8U0y5QQ5o6pve`5>q>YQH!7!485#@6b$>J@V>F7P6n9%tt#eo>D8R2VdZp;B zEG{@up967`#8!hQbw#VH$}0q|XtC3`Q_Kp^VQPDDbnT)X!276ygP+6{e8dVq_rg&* zEeaL&cQGdc;y%j0?Y&LORmU3&-2k^D5qx=3QLiPcCA1L*_}Ya5{J}+N&>NJ?$VzTC zaDO#NDDINx%W`q>j3;qMvVHA6g)*%u2Wwkc2MW$R^mhqDpmCj zEOGnkc%MPia{Oq_x5QAjYm%_TTU#Ba8h<-olFEWfAHp~c$9*d1IAtJONY>z!LrEBo zHz1tsbE%FrWY;mWo&z&pW%0arYVEbq^swLVB~&Mt6Nw)j(k0}SrN{nP4x5pD1XvM zA|@hkhY(G6-Va_>jz-e2bqo&?T`Jm4=@aldtwg6!{EDWb`H7n12;otz}%B*3vC2=UNPZ4wSg*&*)CWg6>3G) z1E>U9j{}t@G7?UXIFVAMrqe4Dw0|iGkjCC02;)bHHNZl39IZ>Ck%f)O7-LRG0n_P? zG7L!vml`(Hwx(Z@DOB8s79&1&oa_TP6MJ`7q>rlQv2%O1WJ!dL-%UYoRJRJKIM)^e ztE(EKBrxw13q-`f78nZV-A?g(Eaj5-Aof!C6(G>yy84>x_Z#k8RG$>|g@3VXo)ro} zU`|yu=$klI)~Q!RPK9LCeKic5*y9Gp?g8b6DaN%r1SR)RKf?m&+Sm$Q&M{s80JZ)m zuhgTtrT+jGKh7(u?^tuLuO@7DearVegJzxLjkx_oKyNa4iaz7@O?vtFM=lMRqeSy= zRyfCrha87#qsh1FT|PnUmVewxKp`^%{B1#9*X=iAZ5sRqbl$@nP(`}k%JRn>O3uWw zKu8Cb>G8U%Ejd`8MQdHBZWNB1OC8;8;Ap>ju{VVI33BU z{{W>n!S@nxBp;Wx9v;~nFL15=TI_ts8`RyQluAz}xlQiH&eMMvrso7>5qCx10@b6Go|rXg#|(+cv)Rgl~qJ7{ugLK}*1UqF#Rrgd89g)ozX-aL&dZbtQBPMd>= z5lIQ^#&girWJzPwmlZS^U{(xES%wxAynC4!!VTAmqeRF-VSnLajj0`4O-O3xtq77f zSFm2=QiYJ>*z)05^@|Ka6*f1xMp<47IgQkrCUyB(JXUjoI$;&Fug;%+0cRQWKYMxe+j}|1=D4v)V+Gq?4 zs#3HE?jowPp8xn4La1l{MH&upKb=S6Kv8ol}jE& z8qnMQKfRX3##DCUTS0U*;_AIVT&2=^IJGhRovp9y$AA7INhi}R2Z(*OX6PY48eSpf zf=j*GCM`0a#mDZXXX@#Qf---Zu=^;j(=>mVRsFJ$hSbRl+A}8HZe~6*ZOC9K8XC6$ z0Bke0Lv4`YMHmF57flfWtq1AoayF`e$H+3VqXv*F&Z<-r0nAmEt({r6@}_I;s_8T# zb_~vv5r2v*864RZT$)hzZR#mqq5Z69GQM{2YQEy*qH*Uj|*@xRoNVw3LR*&VNA*wJ0SmG;5xFhMs@;nYlg-Wv5&VP1YSE%d={jB65{{Sicai8v=!o43) z`nO{}qu&qNOmNqWK*##CUu_*2u2Jd~iXbA9SuUZ~gCkg zuzxhVj}R_D~N{`$iFoXFLX#@1sE)!x`PrnevV%qiX`R zeyqM7v^bOVH7&Z`Hs(!PMz|vK6x$2AS$`#IT)Sp?a-u={f`BQVsJq^R+%I68f%${F zjkj%RQ2Cecq3#AMYLPif1AFP`Qf*2I%cZG^d_*riDzd0JjyTn0HmuB;Vl=neR!<9e z)o*c)P4Mj$)zHsSQ!S+I!UKMAO0)7~hj78R+kp$NvT%z%21F@I5O zRTZu=t7k(lD&(v^A4VKGt%}mR=+h`=)1{n2uD7#!;+o z*lPC*gC5~kt!k8_IWKqVdQOs4bbrgJuw6Qi3&>ESLd{?~W^y9QKkx%9}A*zl?? zgl$*J7K|NU5vcG2rdDkyN3_*d-5*p}MjUGL&n$!U8xD50PRY-5_|kRWJWB1^$SHfR z?{3;4Boe=MQY9q`K45Yjs>a7GD|KR~b75I?I~Oa+=US`+##zmP#GcB@W`ETqFu)UW z-A01k9jX}H0f{*Zk^?DX`hHazni`f;7#|XlLG2YnW81!uy4uGa(piy!)<$T@fuzlm ztPRC$KVE6zXl91)>Q?G-B#iA?hTz!dGpXTu8fzkkzY+4PCY>Co_y-ONtLhvm0`+8Gmwk@UKzPwx@5fT}%0sA62>7`A53Eymr>5ms)}eT(tml zuUWV29XEL4OL`LIBYX#Pu)?`L>%Rn*Tdd8R@YsA&JL}LlroSz9G3h5U&&)FCU0!G0 z@MYlf4dzbqN8Em?puTC}M%;d(uXi@+=E1WUi)g#fppdyDFuLTndVfa&-%WKculrX0 zmc>;)EFFOGq4`vO=BcorC_0IGSR$B+4B1}v->K0fSm9X0 zlIw$7@@-2kirm$`Jbx8jC9z{uQBo=_x+GQ58yqkho>fw839n1i_AtfLkZzEXzBhAk zDEK?7SuepS6D)eEJoV0OKrl&xPL54sJ_8NN!e1|Pa2mk zWVLDOMyNNbx~GYVQOwqKQp==xh!qaRoh*D@FOd`*9=PSiny$>k*VG8hFl#n@AxQk)87EoEZT-J1qSn9TwIapX!O)+-6S5LZa!BE}=L1j^pty;rc zd9k-zutvB(o7fAUCaaxT3bG{G!sdvA*q#{FDplNCHh=BHi`Y)0%DULIW=-hfKo+Vf zwOdt9rdCnKYDSgMI;m=iknSbXs3dANOCiY+W@vym*K02JMo3f;xV(&Ph&h(4H2(lk z?2V&glUK$>NJl30I0U%2GeW|I|TB^JklSYL&Ta*f?yPB09uD2s>;>Jfv|qB zk^!e<(|_TBa4btV*=k--ta|fg@h4zU<5^6&RW#Fb71bKQ`m5>-T<#OQK&z+LJ#9Sx zl!LWx_f|c*)gIS2790g>G$YbQ^}8H5TS3~u;|}WZ2F-acLQy|{{TUc zhECX+=iG6oLNw6Hh=Yi((N2^H0xE_cR7Djj%uwHL8)hlP85}C5D*(#e?23ZR;#`<^ zR!hWI;A3yPy-8Zg>Ki{zjEFof!<7bxOvH6Jp|W93IL3y<3IoWQS{u_Yvt z0Qms(4&3O9>UxP^0%<8)^jTaGtQayl)PIhq>dJB|X-QlFO<_bgjpDT}djs27nf19f zMYYB87sOCyDuwrF!YN@+bqxduL8LLkc~W(&ux+_CDFqg&;`mVj%mC<9*;6)Ebrw)L z3apA+!keJIO2zp*c97)IW`FDz zextjC(_Wd=&-)k;=1a$OD9z9E@)QCCeY;u6iUFf(77?!&{${0W)c_MgnBXbhs@M}t zq-2p!qUl;{?h7-fTYzbLX~@${oa-ko`GwXa$Y~C!g;v%zF#erO3U*0uO4ayPV=6DG zaKhZ`;<66JIQ2HpzY_R|vVpggP=C^Wlyy2^v9LbcNiLGI@-%!**8c!8yp0h}4B{`& zr43OsO$8t@vGy7pGse0>$2uT2&Yq&%;u(Jmo@{*Ur_{d^m@;s`tLb`q2^*7hi8W~f z^!sYX4Yg&Btx(QIu(h-8u2kG?b!4r1Ek&1-&=MmT`DWoCM;Gp@(;F=km*Bg$fmbr z^AvVcvVsN8J#7vKfz;MsAfz9|WkMOLWl8EK;fnj+FYHR8@1mtUig2PeLr1+aV4s_P<_cOch zq=|yw*VAQCG8CyK)78rTfXjG8vZHH2d@Mz-IohW6L4mzkVrhUGGJm2jR5hY5ROm)s zO{n`|J#@I|KpD~YzpkD2uk>6009Fe9b@N7sh2>pVuCF-nGT+Rd^liuL8XKz@TMPjN z)#qT&SY=)LtfeVOCJb3PyK%I4fgR844(b6EZO`g^C?>Mm0q)2EUiQYWDx%)nu&e@2 zb0kz@tJ@*wjIaJ^wb;b(-Oh1C7E$6+)vJkC@F;4?HZIP%7p zm8wlABP%Ovk59TK=X04Rs(_J>6&kMB<^ijNNRiRWq!kImihnff3`NMwf~{8#MgW^N z_P&!SWl^h+6xCyGH$Iet{!^W6gK=?{U^3MN*ArBBtk@u5bmvL6U~bszHMcpvV{eli z(yhkX8SHORD#TX>s-YyZt>~(i(XFV!Q5BFDx<$NZt_4|^=+&*UtGJ1%s}WIZ0~BLn zLU~HU(TqJpHGg)2!iwVxT1@F!$Q7zBSG7f`3=E2{nkf|)qJ?0Hpvz1-u%zUBnqfhc zP)%D+@u>-HO=A?dI)VYuh9KlY96_rwxvJ3t>G~(t?G~M{Sz{zwN4)~>os$9PAI+aS z^}wqty0CO{sU1z#fyja@dG?NUS;*Y6Q8_+Jhj*ut3^_DYY?bQg+7FOb+$cT99iPwQ#Pfq61H)^_J=5_S=Bc z^yfEZ7=OGBf6R;VUNx<}a=LV|k||U?Qm!i^9GPp(Q~fW097=kA?X>LWYsD%50Ql1% zi~1Yl9@@ZbsM$5cI+-JQouiOh(AkAb3}`WszWCu9`)O(}^{+awAw#UT1Kf(0TeA1m zT8|odlyb(2f*O@lNU*s$05c}1Ni=U%Y$Ek@-G4azl|KOa&*4Tvu^YL+VYhvZC;i^! zf4!7^DZ&Lm_p36%3ku>%C5gKea!zEL;0d5(f|4&yZDUZu+-d;dN#j98xuyq%SWtTC z6yc}XEYhUgg6M)ZIVj;)RW3rVW`MX<7dNmp^-*3cwu0K+ugco%EMj;}eiFdnB0Fhz zU4JfC_qP#TSe)v-YjJ5Qat=woG(%B-ok_%0!Y+Viel-pXu~VHi^cFh!l?NIyI8Z3c zMZ0SzW{!Szq=WNs&YNsSEil9$+9Q7-AkiDGj|!ZPQWa)xDhm^k6?VYb;CPC3$ut#B zTp9|RAT-H{(Ot|Xzcq3marn?KijA#xvws2UkbI{2)2eXC5O5-sk`j^y1mbRovZJ3I zdY0CD`If_yeJ^_L~-3w*`fcp`AfG^3!%Zx^5%~tmYp>4FKF>jY7VY&a08{t^m_Q2;?_mekPbG)_=9J z0~=DiVnWjzk34D@ZAza^9c%j~=tUzvlrMjIAZuUkuU@*UZEN%_B)wc0^(uB*2 zrgwWaglj-Tf&mAarlvQ=*(j>q4u8sFy;!NE85E+TE|4)}nP%o_HDN^{Fsnses8Q!e zT67~Vl^1LJ>EA)4ZNFVR=;Zn>{{X86KC1bnQo6djyu-ZDEH71RkBoQJ%jPD#a^m&q z_Y>QD$i)_{@o_!^^GB-@n59iTMI|TdH+?QEJy&4+yme7^{I??h`jJ(uEq_$xB-B?L zidHfn>Hb$ewB$xneMH#a#|w^Cl@9Ho1ww|oz0DAHO~ybdsambJP14TI!ZbH5!(%4A z@Xs@iW~6|vj&(9`r@ILVNG)JxWHNt<5N(>`d4 z1GwW)t6ql8y43~^Rt-WGYJVUK8nm`M;iN?&%gSpe^FXwMDqyjGEAAlTBTJ&-afS$|f>oV5mYxV>hK zo}#rDsjj7g+d8PmtW62p!u04yz)toQu+FV3YHFyW0E>-QM&K&L1)&pjdI2J$q}5Fk zPN}Z7h0S$f8a)%O?m9fjNHc7uH{5N%{{WvOG46J<33l>}qmQ%^z>Xrm zX<9uWtV`0TCl}gEe}CLUKmPz?e=z%K$Q^p0KrL}pEkWDvV3`tVmuwij=K4<6ImNXYLimvgC` zGgo5H*Eo~LrGH}s6P*wO3B=Xyd@A}$HUf&9a-&mL0a(()tVLedsxh@PGbqN@Kyj#M zxvmt;aT#)IqZ3?BbXdp*8v>)l!yOEiXzSw_7H<1?qD=dsH#GRd%x# z&erEiZdOUUN=YuSQU~ys&5+@GX!STY(Fj;HlP(1S!rTdCNNzfw=WrQYN<`Rb82ibu zF15P!@qdms+_e*w~Yz5hkG1S<4P$wK%j{Ga8x_fr} z*o*%F^HRZtznn!Elvuo<3Xa-})xg$iCf;9CR9xGIFm@Zr z!Doel8JkzF*zBO#z#)KPo4L)8Gg;kZtSTwm?U*yR4%`6cR^bX;)Z|{`*S{LpYuxj+ zU4OUhr+o~m0_Q3w+x64Fmj3`nyqVEYs=jE{uBfiBFz*y-2B39z zlYpwt;Wi^0>9fr-X_A=h?A3WwjBmStg8?f9Qpbg7F(lueF}h-90Gt55s0N=MIIk9S zdyL<5+I=-5uC-7q%TzheH5DeH(y@_OIDga%=FXy#jEhx)s??EVY6BWO2}CNae5^=r z>eW+bwPHp33+=5ftp21ySoq?@y?A@5HPkh5X#%=MuYNbF6spdnGhO?oCc`sH5K=~~ zsW#oP!qzoIyO8m<9YLV|>I{H!tn)O4Ugp#`m93e*4Fd*|m3h>9i_WqdY4|a!iGQd0 zjWS46X<9RxqoinZv8)j+zcpQVGac4Gg`g3?5;qtb->Q_l)T+&fnru-%ah`)C~#D_@n-znDioLmaKDjxH(v z#3MBpq}W=R26TfK8ybUJ9PglIM%tWB>$0fM zpqraf0bx*cs{vtASpajU^12W?G;TqwJVOn6e422rQCeElvAZ6QDvIg)H!<|jT&}F8krqgy{kh$?2SS=0rJBb;I zYhT?0^Go^%Tmt{I@L_Gm0qhQ+i}E>nbRif69iujL(eB6Ue{~3+iW)8oIpns z3$Z+ZnT;i~5P!iE#R$@)?LD*(s~=O|sN3!IuH5;J?8m;J?R~n;a<_rSe{uJ+aduef zzq?QAi*;Y9Jz{qIGidT@IG*ap1e1>%Z1gUqk6{*}%}x|I*l%JscwBobGimiBuAgZr z$7;VO46|Cq;lhcw{dDi4FmZzdEzD6i->#kXFZ9|wGJllbv)t7FHPzq7y1c`@&Xdf8 zv{AQTs(Xb2{OR9E-2SN@)#&E>myyGVVF{6%YzGRVgxM?m^S6RU zvsF@)y{!H~y)&xU_SJ-BHU{F^nz&J>_r%u$W1a89x;QT1iOtRb07w%l;f+R`DPA-& z%B7O9Qh$y?u*RaS`P-FNq*Wc=QY(dZV2(rjEA6IWDd~BCGX8t;rD6RcOhbU6VUdU@ zmUR^|%F2xxww5^a!k~gFHJA7fK{Y7E1K4lut}APH)C})g?JH4|^+VH^pEBUxuq5{O zRZ7$_k>nAr!i-(%nD(-68^EVe6H6_%qFQtv;(u7`)bf0~>GBs)4jMIcy>Wwx7Oi-? zV}a$cq8^;q%AA&l8B0|Nt$DT#1?@;p0ZtSGgxadE=yf3~M-fDELNo$t?K-`zn~XU> z4{d1rfyLC^8uKQNw%$v&J|7ZsL-U%{z&aI|o!6q85$-X7_8p(%q z9)IF7Bxd6xID^R3dpT}fYS~HRi?PQK?+RfUc?HF1ZWl>3_PdK5=}p&`^hGn}u>>5e zK4Me5fu|*EM{w1G0!e}Fpx*TkajJtx4Iu%mr3&?M))kmbJ%*OJI=BqSeF>VOu5qeZ z(!fbCQlXzLxz*!@X87_IGCrIJbU+P_uzwXOF}*^eV{=7OV_3vDDz9LxwHh6}s;thw z7V;XwIvBJIpE0YGR=rm`z$C7rTDxt_ZXpcj@~?(N%#J?V%M{Mcm1pEf-B=6{SD#1` zsqr`6S!%RR%-+7`ebfJ&$}Yg7ugV-aeLRqC~jKp4>mVxdJ^)qq)sAb-{N z>-mK870Qn$2(0Wg3JLqF(W9=QRD;OS3OT`%?tG&vlub>fQDcGJ=>y$b`!0zq0M4aX zk<8MzFq9j1U;>YAG&Z3|IGWmvrPu-G9hAggd5?i?IhuEG(jtiJ zlg9nIR>4J4VL^KeWGfbBR2+b;t$)=5W^16bMl4y3l7fEx46zzgSB-9DLh~-VnB6^Cb+{aBth_Il! zqfBfmR%)c^O|4G7%^ffnpdh)UiUC0dNi|Sv3E@P=;|1ISO|}A}2t5?m{(pA+D00bJ z8I^XqtHyjZ3*L%`%S^We*c^t^8ZzQ3XFfAWh}~$_>I-ae!HD*XIK)s}%qXjsIwxa+ z;YW?GDPx0CV{00ExMEpo8N8>uvyGLsxzxNZPr2|O>dZOXr|wj``7!;og>N)gTm@D$ zSD8+pcFu<#L2O%D9DwF%`hRXOK-=D!8gk{GM%$O7Tv1IYJ_3<>X4N#1#?r?ayoE)= z0mPcx^mfa(6H9knUAc0#g;Fj2Xi^il)3uQ3Y(T;MK2cPzHq^aNdwZ&;)hlf`aCyzl z=`>1I+}{zzQq*16*zGrS?T`6RRCi{-WeSW&gYxC6xwd!=N)^`tFn=`EY%hVob$PG| z#)z^=rs~9Z8tcdI-BMgrg$FhLva@fN=dFe9PQt+PuNIr_bnl~Xe_5z6=T7=I>-AgNUXE?o#Nx%UyBZ57B#t~g zYSOq#O7NLH@2Lt5S2Wti?wP>gt*S8jJMB9xSPNyn>mA*2Go_Wvdc+nyS@^%9JM- zBx6@d*sxG8PJcjRajQeOmvu0P71r&*edfJyN$9ZbR6E)C2R7ini$lQ$zN|;4eLHX_ z-ir*@5&r;+w^MHl0IGlikOGTp>r*5nvtT5RZIvp(a;IEgmYFOsLANsg7h{mEiQ^8Zp9(Kd*?(=MM)7`TOb%nZr+aWxQo5Nh zu^xt~o79yL=BWHTsXEl%B6R)T<9m=iqdwzV^E14SBdAj5_81Bn+kPqPnVKmS(rx7R zBmVO6VOp{7R%8;yY(c+ju&kR^qjrh)A@3XwRzzs@uP~N0+^zyl9CC4;DY}!xg$JkZ z7EOC{aDS9t2Pa?SLY41zCe@@>T}5PTnp1FarWoT&Zkoc>$il2~sIIA|0oSW8mcW}; z4OE%|7$_};av;6vNh!$D!NP%#X0XFL5L=vT=A;THI@T7h6~?(iV_`rgqfKp(lv7yP z4g(=jiWFL}YQQR1t7}m$Q=qm&^^6Qvrhh|cBY%t;{0rV{%L{4%idU*g8fDwBmLYcj zqx>rvO%}q41wa*GDTO3d*H>0CIoAPtl^D~zKApJSIMAlu)C?+!P5@lfG3?3n=kkj5 zTR*340hhu#4C`NS)3&>RBx6_1aWpv~L-IWC(`nUAA`QBjq33NR-jt3Ze@R+OarOBU`WrJ|jnf<|q~yxyp+VnATf?>=m;VQGb;U zxOdSwQ=)HTt({0UQ(O%)6@_UogmI*gnvBh3j~WmqC0F@KH7vH9M{1SFNUZl{exU%> zk`ScvruRZMQ6nf>8xThtP|2uSa23p(w%Q}5aZA;!=oTvhg&s07y)PCEMN@hfTC-K` zJF=1{^&ym~jEkK{!rW;Yy2nr1f`7X`xtWyt+}M8_j4naOv9}+n{q;(|hc)ok-P!*D zFXDFdbtdz1ChAbDB$l{QU;q{rxT!S)m}RDg##J=~Dw@d0RM%ULbut498Szm?20t|v zQ`cb`dM?}kqCWZ=8VLa3k*n>$>LdQD7jswS&0W`-t^8}Nzxu1I%{xry^M9v(A9g{Q z*jq2UfZlZPqi(-g*Q1+t@i_5p%<2CCR)F4PN1yd6cFuwsk}Bfk5r=gS^h&@k!2>Og z)Qg__=3ov0Rdcm>3RZ?pB6?Ez7-(bVVb8XL%2kTCVA#}wh_y_Ou0q`DTGS}5b#+*U zupr#=6b3^OpUMO6rXk2u@PGLQF&CDxg8|B!*=%BJBVpN+m19L-l}wKJy}azwn`d>#fc4+9kiJ*O(@t)(j)nr`JpVcFfzFKk=rM>b{S=T^ieOA;?NBKg2Mv z5NZhLSkRAYD~9nY45uP76ssEZyG`u-Rqem_LErH-@LZFJq8mkIfC4Vb}V!w4T2qNPUXc*&0 zg*edBbv3EPTMJeRA!@-6bzmyPm0&Uz1sNBBs-lu;d!C~X&=f!=+;CClU+O=FU>DzR zlVu2O4Db3${{V>g3d4*RV$5#G7AJ`{(mbDq|_fe1qUrH~EM&LWE+w|U%v+0p&g>NDA$lhXU8|)u6 zV)VbI1Yk+K^Jk{L1Y1}jT`{OoD6G^bYw@A00W9dWGce&(rAFlOD=pKyCKY&elPP6T-H3y9l=6G4V;v@b06<8brEOT8Fva zM*>}rCn3bpG?d+L7Bn|Cg}K}_wSmsBy4<|XS&keBDohVSp2j_G&uaVd(u7GO6-U}YRKGvqj%P^^Hxsh^Ke@JgTCcLgOkj zz<)^8O@#zyR@BzD@a06(x~Vw!WnIFer-c+FEgmi?+-M2rqY88@Ek)aZ)JOe7g+$wb z)JOe7h5nc1&0W`-vHt+oT~lxS_0{G{+Gd|RcZxRW^^FAi)4Wl4U#!*XW!)T@wq}0k z&w5@`3KL>&%9A;o3f#4b3$Gm}NpBB%s@EIXa;~BRRZB2YnW)H+cvn{n0}Vo_(*%qT zMw#1yzyfS9iR_?4#K5X@8BwG1Tb<|xoz(Jf3L)_A;{6y0m3gt|=ZT={tJ+{6bq4Jf2Cf#ktq?YwaHGH#by$j_tO+e@f+{ao2Czz6 ztd3(m*NCnnxm2?S8Ix+pGr)|F8fxPOs)~DI zwOKE?pY&78zdL^l&BBl+C3d|%=TR)D(u0Bco48ZS`)#na5rBBP#gDd!HsPde@ZcyV zuSqTM@*O0NC_3KnYjF!{2Y)e`r=j}0aJCb~vJNGDCcOTu1C}^rLnP6FGuuJdw!6eF z3lPK28(_k!-9ayby?EH3NTgXKI$d!DRDFtRZf zhC0_u+KWc7GjVK(+e3e=KhxTPKbgOPq6mGDL+UW86LYUK{{XAVKYy9FTYoDX{nU7V ztLZXfF1@+t!&3X!h#F?(k!|K4B^Ty1tlieZmhBU29FBC%8<=+~>TP97&}L(8R__^# zq?2Jmpw>*645r5eLoC$n+Fv~BS3)TYNFwdds#x=@kSe8XKvPE~thsxRHP5$-bF2?c z{6J)Cpks{_)KwOxjelfrdO=S~V;&Lir8f<_YpO<7dGR#ip4A_^9IA+uGJk8iC-lu4 zE}b)Z#k(s<_al`^oE+(-Qm|}7XJOq>Mv8*UJ+!y(0LW6Co}lCujN6+J!iWbqd-Q-6 zUlg3U4*JHLXO)XNxjbsD#OFhiw5|B?qXq{nTziy*bi__ zaITNUy`rk;3bZP86KmV-sO2e-c0!SJSHjrPsx=XvBV9@-qz*&?ON>o%s=PCn6;efpRny90?&fIG4 z*+^+ee3hbc&dRd0ySkS*#9_jrOt;H1 z6{_F9r*F9S*nPDUv%XB1o-Jur2F{=R)zxojZFO-&1g^}3~U0T*K9E%frOjU&oRXxJ2*1@Em zoCUB|9DfB4qNao;q71jIB)bu$oGJxDs{w{|7*Q5E+X0!V8Pwe3FM-Tdai9_S84M~I z95{^X>1{YwBaEyFrz8rL~}X)Q^QlXFl!Ue_1aaF?weqm8WJfxzLXJG@vmXc-#`PY#C=%IcMO8I1 zs}kcNhh*=^rz9}HF?Cq>cpm=0xr1K6u2;fCNH@cmL zyMLIoTlNmSI8_*7 zL{U~4)d-@tbwVoz1FH(1HP)aLs_+$Al(s^tYU%+PpM4?l#B{GdG_EAvo1SK-)f56T z65VKp4+D5YFiGhJu)Bwhz$bV6dEhL4zsH6s7S<84=0YE0WnyID%#L!&byLeUP zZ6mbhRgG?S8pbag=^eC6txYlkVO&jAnyG5W2(kqv+V>V0s0M@@=8Bk_CSg|rQq5s{ ziWJYlQ51!1wKN+FN;Bf7l;K$cga)fA@YI7o?@-BB3K}$vEV4kl7GqhaHBh% z)kW$Kkbnx%=rfevOAt2oqp&~BxQgV>dn#J#ORlhVW2%(9l!NL1p(ZlvfqAjH_X=S2 zzLB&40IQX!Zdot6X^rwu@Wjj#C6yB17092M)*k2eU%s^OS(~5KZu;q^Rdh-bE9wHJ zY6Tlw9)Q`4tr3Q|Y^on?I)~ju-tYhE3RcFr}K>K_1%arInJkT&6Mou5?slj2LDO z=qsHNRX0#9w9{LyO@9GB#-MOCJOhRqUgT29?73yit{j}R9U{{Xpz=NWyK)raHdT~PaLxmc*d^QZL+HspahxVRR=f_%~c08pat{{UF`3hv9g zJj`88{oTD{K(OE`b4T3%r?P=TY>fA33TLP7mvy=HoRGRp5`Qzol@#wvo+vj=^0t*J zU{5>J-gvm)3_3atPTFJKki#%k8&+$_>B`X)eGFGuI~!iT2G?=3^;$tXmTc~8&&uKD zk*}Mv`)X9Rn`wm=b<)<(qPsfkpu|%W{ zhBmucCfkWMvVSPJL4lzv_z&`&j~?o2R7U_s$wemI4JCD*M(h<$taG;tB(fP_Q2=nT zp{`XRk(Fk(3ED#o5ph);MQ|yikG;IVcS8z!zJ7TY~v=(OK`&rQ0Cdo2_<}L zKg2zirXv7YVM3I%H;XY!uH-yXlrgENW!tOcZ7s}xG=Cr3N==20_}-mec?#(K$=OG) zYn+r^){3HrAp0m=UAc)YJWSYgB@e8VmJku*H6=9{90uKXJBE1h#=_SA| z;gDdm43A@0EZb?e?P*l6Ce2TAu8L%>y!#Nf8uIQ5RHQkSGDa6-jF2s{_Si}-Z zxqr@};4f2DV{>XIBKNMYt^$dUsTCkp>8t`PtBpnL7~*YA^v26Xps*A-nO6acpqUG2L;+e#rlM+>t1V*%T46LlB+;a7DSOrwA{=RyI8tg&z!;i(I9Mnxhh+{*yN8Q=1XVWFa9(DrTKHP5aeuHT z)HfD32IHM2vO8(A8Bs45b*S4(M&EN3&4Qy{h~>trmeW#Wzh&uKO*Hzb3en2wX-n6m zOO32d-_GYq_h(5>)p~@383bVPj9cwE(vAw78i#Axa1}cHd{x@B=cw-`pI?w@q;Or^ z#?65(iLM~FLa7&&)q@o`6wiGCwtpy1XKsH{t4mI!YR{Qt^~jW!j^^w$9E~!2g4+wm zq2xp?v4>!$M)Ixrn)Q+G_FX118@LZ(NzLT`f%4aq7Q|*UzdF&`?_y+4mi@mWaNF*4 zeYre4Q1KN!_}$Xg@n2PIyEZ#2&Wn@TvB~G3d$<8qvmXp`jBG1kX|>z*t$(rH&O^>{ zW1fEkekQB2h8?LJP;I#&Ih!?|Kasc&%1^9IB%7sX1Vp0HuXmdcb<1n>YZZMM(*FSL zi&mU{Z`F7B4aK^Hs6uufNGLNK$8LWOxiGIc)HW0J{ljhM#Ag(o9X?_B*Pv6k>04pc zck8QhAhy~Mh@Q?}ro8U+cYnFw&fA^KUE2Vo%8S8QvaRhEmF(;P0O!}YFZTYT`-fOb z>u=MP-ln{@vq-o+ppL~E{EC)7>z`# zjH?f9KitAUoqqcCGwkG=UsWW~bm_IPT-loEUQMON>|YXmTq)Ge>QL;zV;<*g7o=JA zobPOKtj-m+)i(bCw}0tr9rbCDU9D^0^@uUTjwdy6+gzMTE}`uj5o_Vjv^O4xnBau# zlK?c=qv(4tq`HblwpdH=Rxr|r^%mto*1+FRb+W%t^c{$8$lHkY0!x--VeKZG-TMlk zL(VJ_#R|UfD_cO!niFj{d+5vT4vAOI3t?JaYiqUKXl;;agnvrSB#nI}5Hy9kteuX_ zc$=8z1Jh+5JNZhU9k-}NCvUj9t#tZ)hvh9UI({PhSqWBB8BK^e-loR(BHfjtzA;Ys zMZ3mqTyg9)tEHCbI%?ihZ9{zr;!#Kh6Ns+Y53ZDto zyy}zUM`lN+bnDNVs+@2FxXMVHKI36q#aixgS_9ga6Fgsr;Ix zFS&V6Q6aZ`VOpO_^hmm<_1|=w_M3IPt{^kE3b!8m_ECTRGtnYfShlK~^C6!;8MOdA zB+msQ&X#jWoEY7sZ!!|6yc<%kX<1Y;4@v5~qz|^*ODZ>&)lQTB-sm6(d3b8g7Kx!GQ0IRjlR;1K{SjAY_Q0ioBn{uj*XrmSa^>DQU z!nn0#7Qj>%s$80rSOgPQCZyF)R7`AiucbP_R)hC2Dn|jhNhM;s?ec&L_SSb%>D#`U zyKScNG)lHO8>=bFl<^hxkEgolNRy*&SN9P>&_;i;%M^~NRghTV#9(u;7xj-;+jUN_ zuV{6_1Y#wSWaJXeM`ksEo0AuBGi~<~PPwBC_Z$eXRV?V3^UA!OQ8d!5OPM!4fM#pf z?|K(f+iec|aEk(}n`-gdtN^vM#)CnTNjEImWGJz8uBkW;7SdK$7go|hAoiL=U3*WY zx}Jace-zQ~Sz0}~MT~_3vAzb~g0va4&2Kt4RN3wS0CTy3#}FVAN}Cgvz$UYauWj|T z-k(WCy}enKdlWNQgECP-2u(p?Gog}gd;2Q6(KH;zq&CTZ`nsqB!l6Y&%&CIn)JzeX zP+h5MCuYE4C~VBeY;L z@)aDO-C5}Pru|X+c9N9L>YkI>Cii=}-|mjs3^eP?p4- zZOiILAmN`1YigQjQ+-Cnp2JFv>8+xxIRx0-!VVbLztL|Y@TtpB{g>c2n}vUhBNHyE zE^M~W^t(eOGA6v(UfijL^`o&}F3K!hGeVctGR9@|G2xY}G=8TM>Y3E-&5!;bR+*$K zDA6hE`m(xD*?Q{G^kL;)Tkag+Y*xCs$q+WiuIN(P%fPuh;DyW_X-ahKIDFB zpqirD6MM2M>xDoSVL-*vim-oRY*gGDC+>Fy_+@*a<}@oBu!>WNQ{PI`d%(%E(rz~r zk4fZbTi;6?i;59aFrtWMJS|omc~8UzWnRe6%d0&P&{1D~x|sYC1s(3+{{UL_e^YK> zYtg5YGieD#UOr|Q`ztr-eYuZqyOoX0x~M#$1|(cPNeBn~qV?rqifz2n?joFtVqoZW zf&&b&HS~^^xtn*>pxn==)s=NNkztt^wlyd1s+|4<{nmK>#>;Wi+p3QwZ_QM>9LNNqP8 zbc#6x7}*IV6&kG9&h+Ywef&-LA4oCx-7|ZzAns$bHVY!1N>3|_Pget8@2xXs#aHylI89`kX&>2PkhK}6C6t40cJ z#X-lNsU8}=bt(6*mqW>KVU`Jw##KML!$PNzR;;aVb!X@uUOlVsrj27r)VnJ<)D#Px z1$wi#+HH5cj;XqIN0Uk;xd0+6fra>*&+GkfVErF*HnV@E@;;dKA-h?QCf(JmjaOh> zEv*NPJDUrOuN?+4 zhoWp0LW(4R2HqenqS>{F0Z$9Cj?DAt>3+GU zmkN7j^=E%mk9d!{n9Tz)5=K;8NjR0T!qx6KJ7_m>KHhZ?6oSNk#CFz&*xZ@(1&|y> zg!9I(B_Q2oA%`2)ce{7k?f4td64$3x_yzlr=(H+9Zo`@kr18)_tdy~qufL4A2CRtAsO=!dP z&t8AuAYl)u8N?ZwCI0}rd|zdHU#5PaO{6Kl-KcHcgH&op5h=?Ln9{#e{Ykrva@!u9 z{+FeM(*O$=`BwQ_wusHP;TY2W7uTX)OB{0B;f_Ina|NtvppqFHDUqX<4Vf5NgWPM} zeJ9rUo7b0TzLV9F7u1SE0Ac~ND_cD1{{Vkiba?mM6T43a=WXKF1}z`Nr@JvmO)g=d zJaRKeCK`MwgNwixVmhK#BekTe_cEAxv$4`rG- zOT9>Mc(y}Z4hCl)AMmf=TOUtP>-2rQ97={m{njFwn_5qa;y$5^_WfUX9z)bFJDn0#t-Bg50C45ix!FPTM(#)TFkk#M=!@3pl+|&6 zeOef%+)5#WHkMZMq5{l)g0Iu|Q}6eY?Dp%bNlk_F1B)KOE9qMvozp&>>C#Ft5w5Mq z;Ex-T{kaOpZVwv|(Y=0E)L}@k!bbr6msJmQ^oP_C3;x_pKl@A=`>-@!{{Vm19cywY;Bb%BLrUB^nYG%*ZyH5%*6_ecClup{*~wlu5Q|0&Bn)WN2zQ*MmUJU z`|ChwLpP`NeyPyICs5XBxc~BnLYYNz3p*rwe+6(-?ra$*>Uc0aLcs`!#h&J)4 zk-sl%2o^zMix4<1c-@EAeP$i}a_+YVeY-FdM9QFPCml8d#8DPmo7B2TQt6Ba`UZ$L z3ivWH>}9y5hBfw0*4J;n+dkWHqDUncV0j)Rx0QUCsBB+hzuat`>M(yfOYvM>hfk1h z^pUn@iZ@ZDl?#6t3^1(??@ik7I)>kF0a%!okl&T+^a>rl|<<4dy;La5r{NQn<)>`A5qPT+bn*sHS*LaI%#wez$>P+-kF?&hmSoRG z^w-m~OSz5O7fqUw^3NdBX48tI-+?vizNg!6_kAqw_Hh|xc@UKZ4+`Ah5-49wb)Cmq z*~>i0h_N_{0s;mK3Cx~!AFDp1-1I@U8&r-*pIKog&4TH*w2{t-P<1?(_oa0npBl@& zfWnS+sU=O#uWx?|HR^tbLH__7xSRb+t^Nfc#=L)8`kQ~&qlzucM;gM#ho%U*BG~FC zy~oi}dVfys&ly@tJ?=;0MeJr}{{Zd|;4183zGg`X?$V?0tX+@N{cC*~mN-2q+ZAb! zi;lsc*`@3L zx|?`zaz5(a40*1l&^o6~K`!bc=#y_%4z&li*?Vh004{J9^{wm)x!KRRkXl!MwU zjx{3!tPVsR4QARg@#uec)9xi$V2!1f@KjN9YjQ85dh?)m zjyTEq8bPb=l#HD`GZ1E2#Aw{>}!GMg{z+KfKlzqCSl4mc63x^)dUa+HWOJ znbPK$ZxGY9h_rDG7s4c87ky0x6Q_#HUu73n=q zgR~2(p-%aWhg=c?n z#5qsrUwu`gd)N(K#8T}x+k!J1us}v2$I8a$gg&e;1`!z-#4UP~qeaN^6M><6il7FP z!}*RhMweZ*fuv<)LKrkEX${Zn8hC~|3RZor?!>4b`gE8c!h)iilW8d<(uk-7#dZef zsry~ZoBDUR3yNeTOsHnC#Nm*u%t?PMeC>@B6vy`L8{Q}n>JnL$+~)WI zeoS6;R&};O)#ev}Wm8jUYOCse&UI{-R*2|J9UW7ir6t=&?Wv^;*+c!V+l+t2`>Oto zd}wdCgy)4XA^4)hZ?yx?O;|&<`OPCH%#34}{e;z5Z1=OV9@^6Tn~LmerrrWBB(U!l zZ$<%};CpL0M5|M!MG1Y!R7Qoii=5#5Y7DzE{%z|#>FlbOQOdNla7WTUlvMu!hglO9 zmPcTFj-SG_ezx658|@)(PWFHHg{_~bBJ{c*$#T3w&-clH#=M8uTY%kVV$afr1{~P4 zQJ1+o)jLN+Ebig4&c2(|OJ(kuCKUKZjdpGF~9}S?V|lAuKjK!!4gJ4;nVom4*q|A*5`LTplDZ- z*bX?cHR%5U_WlW*ce~t3ZX=CRd)(ar0NtXkq#D$PC#mbRdOaI>{{a1_QQrO!#=d3g zuK{ZJpIYv{4vZ5sJgBzpTeB8(6)=km7MX)=~8?fwUVw zk+zQ3XF((Ow4N&Rzglh#y<9`9!?%q<9k1g*g?oLqzikb&^wQtq74y%k$_~G}*Pnyk zp=)c=m5# zGmef=p8Z!KPQ8D)0D*!N-=J1GbvU20nd>{4cil^OyjcaFLJ@hY_*DCaA*66LVA2@K zrz?v3FVgXPeG6;N!$^O;#MjK5PzJ`nv(n-8I&RV%ThoR$BezJs2B6Khc#o}S*VfrM zMG`Nx-Twd@N1$yNebzR+cNdJlw;a_5vOdbE)O(*-uJ3=C0zj0YKhOex6z|b3e!Q1b zKPpQT&ccb0p-(7=874VKjOY8J_40S!Nh7q5Zq7?F?PGIaQ0mwJ0E*t*6X;1{{nKA2 z9;L91&`LotdS9bvE!Po7Mkz1u747{{XXk&2%*NJQ8kWYYdHCwdo{v0na^ z$K1dg5&FBN{{ZCQ{4xIk8h@j8-Ir6ASa#5~EgFY9f{jA<_-l3CHl8uY44@$UuQS5Ce>}vU|oDBxG8yoaN^zWqM^nRY%jEk#C zf4+aktH^zEH>uZ|I71X^?*;z=@mId-u=*W4YX)ANF|V{JubKTxFR#~k(q927QQUwh z;Y>=pwt8Rvzt|{;anzW2-Mtu(C0jH5&8pw~g}rF@TWyk?dhTR#&11{{(^j9+$f@-1 z*5474k9l^lIsX8-Wd8uj?G*V$1dj6N{{Vk=6MrMhdaR=2zPr)kFm$b)M*^_Ne)6E2 z`5Y1Y)5QqRM^qo)AXnNILV%+supPp)HIJ12T|ce$7Wud%h{yL7Eqw>+eTwXQ7SbRr z@*tW+&86{u))n&Jr9bXB+qv(5R#_VTg^jE1TSBL40behsmhRFkFg}OR{=VHAdeVRG z@8R1-pbzGg#(v9JmpK~P`qkNfrrm>x{JVF0Ygt=V8=2zUsk_YU8jd$(rifAYU8yH) z0Xdk{{^+lr{a_G%MY+?96^ys|1$`k@BB~E600(duub1_`;%_>p>v12FNe+|ESHQnu zr8RdwhtTnQeGggAS)ILt$@o?`{@{P_B|ELY#5oX%{a1_}8H*4J?gG6((@}ao3uL@Z zde8UCZ^pbo*0XxQP);~Rk;m>`U-+n*eMSKSw?2)7)a$!%zl&c~ znqCn?eeTLX3c-6G%dSo6bZzv!RtYWMS4jKoK)H0!bU&3qwzJC=IUS?`tLx8(CC{8xQGy*_8Pw$`7VOQD9w$B zw+j0_F^J-hA(ASu_(iK&%=v%s)?Gqf$6AwYTk>{*A}{u1k@r^D(3^i#tUSbF1T1gbHDeA`EfgY zl-I~rZ)*By)%%Y_>HW_+bi_Zr!v6qee9rZ%WPKm#s03XJTm4yNe{p}&{{V)ve!Jfl z-EH<|?HVVl$<3IM3HA!~e@;W_^eu`U35YT8e;?ysGwS7ve!n|0xs6gVIazP`(z_(( zhP8HZjD56?KISN*LQA@>``8Nl_Zs=1)9I_LY~Vlww5nSSY`!D+SJC$}dRuv=Kjou0 z_(3!|I|lXQ(mrXt^>=?e?ZonGW_cLg^1dHsdS9Yo(szs3?hZPxPGr}( z`YI=0kkdXbJj`#{peXx|Ep2A?h#vG+soz=1tJ5QhpVgRqloMW4qi$j8{ZntdbKpj^ z_A3n}`!8Dm0AEbTeV*M~+7aY$?+~N@?RhId&S|6-qjmE>zC?d=$802uMekNtA8{4p zy64i*vM;>Z-d(80kmB(V#c3{q^+xBVY1?i~ZZ=o)pFDT@4=&331QWx#fj1B^k{MT0 zFvx>hFXTZ?cXT;@)DnM$o9g>2rf@iYwI8@%L*6OXDkt5@TqBI0q^yVIp?>9geYGQU4pyVa zorQPF-Ig)Tf6V(T3{#);e#-AzyDNmJiM43Q)f=8q?j%D$`p4Z;HuE3zjY`SedboO( znw>TZy_W0|*phB!1oqLk@jMDZA&ED=NNeFzQv7Y(SulS*jJe#h;K)yCuKnT+)xFd( zmd&qIr~#Ox$(dw*f`0J;xmE!2BBA&2C!0_m)F!inGoYQLx5b4N+vpx|u7S^0+l+%B zWmNTO_(sRwLH_`cC*!xWp!DPZr`bjsxdlB`9HIA`qjeWKLcZFk{Cn__d#XQUD9MFr z43vG$jC_Bpy~3s`WM>IrbsJUx0BJ3_QFgm_jmy2S!mu|PNMlimx#CS*(Th-EEWm?> zPC~4r)EHoASKnPi)N86d8BR!d{u(|rzqnL?#O-o2J0AO1n?|-eokhH+^+^N`;&~7? ztZ^2hBN_hy@p~bjvPU*GKk?fEhMapzri{Ba0`q^3LnauSqwcm1i#_egQ2+z6fd_^J zVb6^W!L>QYSFj7wTY0oWcuRsZ7Vw{aRP{Bry(^w3{{VGhf^CEn4+yus8WHJeE_9MR z4d}I?Qeaf4uaHWb$1p}yw-0JnqH0|G#}_tNrjCy-dGSnwkB zZl8bFdY?^+q1w7CJ8L17Ha52&>K_p6(E1kMAr9UsK(LJ!E&U)0@?TKx_kZ#mjmvGE z!YyfZ-E^vfd(yx9v#x)sAO8TXQ1>5F^^MFDZRK?IB^-XDgbPAu@#d+wHtaFO|8Z2+IW_d3D>kn$YQe zbF6fd;sp;Jn7nc!BIAx0Ak#oCSKRgARdk*I099R_J3tDfv6YyB7T^F++m(1XfW?2h zFgOIHni+w(!K_F%ufF=Tt#2YQwwNPfW)Ue;ML_+mN;eTMRZ@a7~#eU+*z5<8nm21TG9Hq>KOLBcj?#7REt!!CbK^<#WVHMiBXc>+kIV`F;?C+*?nef7ZGAycUGsoC0h zD542XygJky*pYmAUcS1Z0078Z-PQ6%8neJw{?qE-r?r7#B_;>}R*_Dt4g{$erB?5# zU3&(b=?c5q_fazfH%!CFQg03xk`Nrp=^=-cCw!gQM zLJg6TNmm>QVTDgl>-|fnjT?DEiud%S8k5UP@ct5s-KO3uC$b`m=wp75P)xKHBpAWm&Tg{{a1BmEZO5qrcn!-*W0=xN9nfHyL6oc5+&j zwO>Oqjd~xXcAY{FrY4hbB5mY}l*r0ecrxeRUTw{553D-cBBIG2l>iUR84M^P?JYus z-1RND?)rY`Yz2SJ(K;yYBM-K|VBIHwx7qSrG#|*-0d1a;;zeXV<^fkN*JH zD?h7!L)7}5amBikNQwPK(4h!xTK5$Dl1bKfKBfQ$+y#8Ut$jb#wsFnWx4I+sw+t3N zL7lahZ9?2B$bP%)QN$y4hE@XJqp8$;^sp6?)OxP-s!f0E?_@GC!Bk+XIV$j`Nr;bO z^bb)1B0k+*uw4HYw zS7@eBE3S3EpI-HpO)QW|!{aDH_bUNeqj?PdJ@i)gE#zC?s8$q#!^Z-!W_MgyQ5XSU z%Y8SYvfO{pf69s9{3=a&zoxpcQtLlaMJD!Q=>&2}u_)6Tn`pj~{akC({Z%-F>HX^y zV(ICQ`3PUehf_1;n30ZWI{Kf{-C91Q(V>jD`<Ac+#^Yxz zLo(#c#Bw7dJL#GX9-Hg#fxVY}ol|KGPaKG;IE;T5Wn{n-1~ww8^iR^;&)+9i>JYRs zL5|)z29|ja0koVzU%s!i`tPifX<~v!Uo@IoNj$tQY99CM?z6fEBz4=V^Lj$fZ|gTc z>Q>`JDz1f9lVfsmW;v5X)ue(m z1QCDiq11GeN7nXndOJXB)BlW*u8A%ua0IXM@ zno{ySj&AP7o4t+A6e>})l79$nUddDJ{K7 zoN7k4M}Y>68R~rp>b{%4>YFGw+cgY*VA6kFg#kj44n3y6ZPg-urtW=~rE>!mXG3*j zIaa>^0PB9ay@bH5n`B{TFoGP9>S9RtSD&?Hja3KQHcG3q+p2jMD8k#2QEKtsQ|Ruk zzUv#E#BC6Qc?+zJ*noHy0{B)(P5RHQ^zE{3SJR#-#+dz3ODc{Ul#D1{OX}{q)MI}! zJi-WD21o{rjzz9p?X9RdvfuHMZT_Nzr^Pz%RcDDzi;*`{!;VJ^`h&PdXE`V=eVEtA zHd~o?JE*sNdkLX!NLXB7y0&Hd+v*8oc$!%B$fa7*fNa9X)t;erW<--l(magUF2#@c zjqBR~0PW(V!@itnt~mQ_0dK~<5KwSO-^T>U}*tY7}6tWQ~)+2lHziDG+6y#|e1y30Km(aGxd*pCR3NBcDY z0OGG@^#s0;MBcsZeI`(QU%~j-&N^>b+;qv>eVZ!C>!6lU*b)yO>TiAZM_1qNpKG{u zFv)E}P$|IQF-2Ffmu_XWWfXrL3HR62zL|(c&~{2Oyn2c4Vq5XAm=-)MW2Svs);ez7 zZDLsEg)g8=2`hYT3Xz2~qv(L{-t8M-RrDUEzv@zNV`PtK4%{D6*a39Z#cj;iFGl)j zb=Ep`+qh*3BywntAIkPyw}@nMrMkD&U1zGVr@3`lFMmcMr7!&4Pqu%B(|)1rJt+)( zIY5Y=Mki3obH^GH;1ul|F{AXa)FMw$_D)Uhs4|rQ02ZqEy#uGq()vt0O~ZpCYIz7g z71T>u6TnxEANzsVZEr(vPdzR7Ypl+t^&emAYGa;#5S-$O2-Nr66YVvl$r>#CvCpcy zggsBIypT4iAyE=A$+UmmvkuFe$MlfqFH}dIV8Af@XogTTLqtbg_GEf7e4@M3kL4BK zxcLott^9_tyf4|2=|%Eae%cf8*!R@>&4rNB10GeiHybYCM%7f^7=u<3NTS{s950;{ zS7k=C%8w=vFR@iRe9-%(0vXtrveUvZMDMmc zeF@;+<4~#vTpLqzVB(7Y`Y)Bw_f1##vHX&IsG5yVwxKLAfqwOW)05p%`_cZB`>5L5 zyHi${7(jn}{{Vm5YM zT}kS$p&@~#-<~Rc^mwJI5yLXXNpHfHwGe8JGBU|sI$MqJ$zfmMlai^^+`jWm}m2t=Q1Ug3S=cIdT>(OOC zX%u!0X_3^rT;s#KF?KK_jTC!kA)?*J=lZFZCE9)@-?_I}$NvC`s`O+Yc?s?nb?G}% zo~HKG{)T_x;*O2nYl?1H%@(ieru%jN(r-QA^AbB9q+ZS+>>PlGm(b0dYwYQIw zEb-e0biZg633hu~STuwamxBuC8#Up6(^WIXzEOWl?_TvDxUbP&3(eCuhTfK-c--Mj zo|p%f$fsL!I4{12+oSxVk>sgr;=F$1PqCRr#Fy`-%v*&#Nv#Il-{SXGHOSsocJ2n1 z*s#hHr}ooHhyHXnaB;g6!Y90_g|HuR8L zo79x%cnZ(|0Fzcwqrjtp%A{_P;0W)n0g<9Fl?lzL2X+?W4kt50JA@gU&~8Clv8sPF zD&kEoCh zDzeN0#c$bKSU8)1PyIN0+HOdc!{`MF*3_k%_#a@ROY}!wM=FUNtHIVq1KjpBk5BrG zd(zdHV*Z-B)bX;bDLG#edVl`_UUh%ME%_kx^zr`yy;)iKpgQ?8(fup*)SVmF-ESRE z=2Z)2H(1aeM(xa+#QN8+MbtEO?VE?&#M8Dy^$!XX&BUpUilJ{11&CYOk0C@ZNUCVZ8g%3jLqN1~#xxP>sPOjHNzi|ny~|_X zO(v-y5=9WCKwV`exDFJ&M(5xZn|MLT;xz`>&n&x51%hy5J7_KH6M;SSc$=CHEUKOS zsdD!>H9nc|uJp|^Lc1IdSQ@XUYplYw88DX|tEzz4T+kXq3c9E?FldO@&VveJeJJgf zPo$ixH7UaNWhyw6NXIH-90h+@NgoXyFyv3Ny8M*;s7OWd8Kril9|a#C3Tg-^g=sJi zQSz?3lVB*V2_ojeP>f14Y-=XFfygbu78ao_j=35$##mrzEQ~W1O1(D{%fKu%NYVv4 z8emGAwDHQ7+YinZ&!R)>z8TuDNso!ok`<%CzO~Bu)k#yvk(r5^t#C%)a?~MxARi#3-YG6J1HmJtai9K zp6U=DZ?R8YaWqAlO?q9oMA{2#L4G8P^BqfilWyE?6i2pyyfp(%|Bx)!7;C>BLZR#`mG9VGOZSF~rps^yCFmQd?pw;x^-I3zUWN3a_gy`Bi~s z%wLeIN8q_QlSK7U-eKoGDS5|~$MoyKrd{h)a%5bIMqcHtBZ`i_w z-9vWY7#+fd+pWpYR`=Sa46L0l%X1HzZaITN)mCw*0+a=HR_i7KpEPjn$1Kv z)UFy+UrN$C2R$>SNNn4Q)Sd*Ik2a?o?TWSn=$mJ_d*V#+Uw<*bXe+>}td5&6;^* zQ{Qu0t2=)ZbWCk)>b5+jJ;!`3^jVc(x1kXm#B2fZ|Us;WkW2Lg#>t;Mk(&wn`Z{~k{e@zZo?7z z3qMU?^9lAEAl-EC68(m^C)hktx@`jvUG?9yJS=IS-fTbB`we&Q_Fw7`ajnUM5Tk!> z56kYVe$lU$J^QVn`huhPJ5Tjik0;pNP@nBU7di5wv^L70Gwl!gt5q^=&-trImw-6< zndT$PpvHJp<@TTIDfZP%?T^O3`rNz$!^A^DuF%x*ia9(eLG2Y|vF$a!;y2r7euGh< z)8}G-YO8FB$?>iC7jS*Q0WBuGNv3}e)TT;@#v_Ckh z_2C~Fq4vi6gF%IHacWohFnskNx`XDwu-5x#`-26ARh&?NcenYz%BkIL`JaDv6^tKn zDSOpuf4hUX-BJ6McVPAmD0$ zaGZ@}NbE7sDziko^!bz@6}f-fwfX{pC6+;ExIhkI4C~Du$pkW8SY*K1ird?69w?AA z7IFb*Ig)5O3TD?<-+tSsZXFGsm(x!7!n|6G3f1b{vo_r$;jZV{D=v*d_d2CXRtz&0 z6|cGIGe^_5yQmULq?R)*;13LG@X-LDs+OqrR;as8^X>lta~urN3)+87fwp9EAaS*9 z?m8CJZrjaL$X8>wNn}18W|L6~mRL}RX)?VzG8xrvMd{resLRwg`)%U95YMRV7R6&1Z8?gO z)3u;p{zMIiEBfobiiw=ycjr*#QEK#(~x60%!^4A->w3Q!}K z3IQzEu*T;3VMNp5Fm3Y+f>VoBw@d0PDnfSe>dAd7EJ@Sm%PU_S*Dp%yFC>vB-Pz&* zx{DhI@}Aq#1eMnq_^Z7{=U0=Y^(dA`lWiibILOw)LB~2yum*oMr#kIx&VkueYt}Gp z*HuMHtYU9nRlRj%9-cp@HUsq}l0)7X?xs_q^r*kc)PJ0lPSy3ZC{vBHJZq9)c32Es zZLA{ELWnyQQFRVg+D%TH0V3mwt|=Q}P!ZY%SS?r~tYLQ8Y^3wRjozY_m!ot;=i8>P zNpOGcn$l=>ixPiA@dFRGjSk%*TSS1d_?r?aOYZ}vRJGOiU%7zaO?1LFEKoX5$C#Y&PonKe^~n=39FRsaX0XgcO%a8F+}KRwTPv zcx17+5kT}KIExfgLmJBdEZmv0I(EswPjY)aK-8X_9%FER%Ea0bUDO+ainShVh@T!5 z+_i>{$b9teia2>Uc#anWq2}pnp5ae+HGoAcyWM|&*e#SXHAJUFD>iy5H{Cr!(9Gmy z0_W{Cn{M@Ldsvs9wV{-&FLa`Au!*Vx(^s|>6{s*+AZs?o@%%%l;WZIv9V zG>%k$>+Ed|I_lf>lZuL|f+O&cbsxIB7{`BG6N$A*tw!6ync*KaCz${^j#DKEi(% zT8k|_dM{QP?O*Jw9+T9;$7?6Lk1GEFa`}QEVLL5wTxrkvo}_ZxxbGAdj!0%HG8A!v zRu(n6E{;te1D!m6QMWp7=bdIVv}#r|R9@!PFIrRapM6czTXIo2P-)K0BRJA!-{wC0 zT*&7(C)-`9(^jx0wGLgmnyF^yXjgwV*EGVwO-G$}qt1tOU2|B_6Hy#$3mP7yU8vCj zOP+OBB&o-RS5c@eO=Am@T|_a|dS{(9iwvb*UPMw<*fs{LK^fFh0oB#j*wz8YqO29K zmB%Wxsdg-}=m#Ygq%aPrL+RIV4?4G{C(3Hcx1GpDQc1{AmE6$#FjdrN+f9EP=#_My zBAWe%+*; zeJ(}nDC27{5CE(G&25XD@~qh;g=#6k*)PvhHc{IbH{n8j&Bgc%48?0amLs~9U8q(J z4fLDX@wHl6OpaRGPY^P!6`_AShb>{sfmUKoR+#~oMb^rfwxSm249%<9zUmg=Z()OR z7#n?(!M4=lV=TkOLtfZnUNWKlric$=x|eLbors2Qy6i-8!|RzrIyD0Eq+=~s7h}Vf zUvS%JP4BI_+uL!xiKiZ_n{A`hVcvA*UK>f}P4wNq(oNiBs27iEkEnmhJXv8u+7odx z*v9_=T;BfKx`cvsk@xQsK#{OwyLiWllDE@)+K1A28#(qJNNo}whV9~5&>08?2|C+U zg#DH0B}l}t>0i>+eLY#}z89+KHK(bMcMI)ONDLd83c=INTU*GZRE=#!f^hPT=(}CI zJl#H6WsXgz#s(xS1Nnc%SfA~$0IOqK@O9bt{WvtTob(0*)sbWYWR&W784zj%SuPb57hpGE0sV>*{k_Xf` zp@*e!Ax<PmCV$D?d?DhIJf^)YH*je&SsU>1u@_G9q;<5?4w7$--x|oJ^{4pHr3AdYIv<&Sv= zx7n`xfNA-Fgw|u-^dcYQwE{QIyy3QA6MLj-@WfYswXrTr#Kzj~2SKDyi8L zdU1s6_3S{f)ykHAj6k2x7C4X%d1l=180u+QlbL@cn&G&dd}f_u@iZgV#Jgw#((7}X zy;gn11~RI_nD7s(LeaS9&w@9{Su@fr5VGVey)gx}1M}bU#9WlzZ#F3I1QUw-w-Ezr3HAKFXio z&DlcqCi!XZo6$EtL^)YwfJQ+4!;2Hj)U8!&;4lOCvT_wh-b`==FLi65qxYa)cW^gl z%@6+oNA*&0mJ{2mf_VF&$AOC@yPL5mzN!cn=^*+ia!>n>(x~DPT>H&zY`&N2n^J!m zsg=jX=Kla?XO@d?e1fzy{*ztIFiq-2L~@W(&KY5qdJ8e5EJ~uv00SzW6&B^mqyY_4 z;-)lLdVQ6Q0IPGVGPgQ!)2Q^tV@Q^k=Ut`w(`F%2=?cb?LXArAx@O;h7Kz507xbqC z#HW$wD^t=H1}Z)%(tQ5_sBCvzNlbqe3pmK|Va-n}0O{L;0o0=S+P&ug0H(pdiDR4_ zp}cN9%72AtKhy1VreW<`qR8M7p68T14aoUVwy1WSk?;fDYt){BxZx^$jSad6^Mj%H z(=3m`(O&15F;2P0YNt@mPrAJ;eLuh8(fiE}zMkq_Jv069?50^fh2!FR-Cci%yI8H( z`gf`FjQ2GKzMtxY{G~tM6nUU=GFC(fI_7jI3ej$Z)QPvEKg24B>Hela$-i+Fc~`h0 znfjNVb-@JOVNV{3)K@qU*+OoYyk9g8N0RPnV!GFzMz!ZhZMj2f5UK4I9+G^bjGzP8C~MSkQp-@GXT+4#uYKM~S%?t^|W{ zY)27L0p(q!@jq>DCge%EHzwzaqa2jl^a~DS-$hwK7P!NYFb* z?+-dKES0r(kaHDltxl!2t3jk0jSmWsMJSg_?MYe~(?syf@XESmiHbU& z3@|h%ML!6u8Ca4@xj284aVDeGHMoP2GYB~?N1)sRqU&yT8rz+2Cgi}FTxKdX9u$2| z&X=B6R`8!?29g;wynJx3@pGUV9Pu?8o0+U(i_{k!>3f=r#tvP1)EO6r2Bxu#`n-il zsMT7uakP#RYzuKX3KCs*dNx6*eU0Op7^u(iikb5cuLPdYBMY6p`MN8&6W=M&- zYmr2WKwv=zgI9{$$2!kopxbpqn2X|m`Y)%qCmaVGP+-5O?KNy~j#RI3qO#l7V4hpp zQ%IXw!1Vze1myb}`*e%ilgD4SjQa7Q!iLs9oc{p-03@M5GS!Dqf&TzccN=ybD?DD< z)lQp^bR)#tnn$E=Pm$4o`VRzFaR%NB;mN{$Hzp%huPxz~5`Q zUo=cTls1WmXh*WN;r{@gzZ-u&smT8Tb>sclrF(d7{gt%|=S*wGZS1J@(}iyzLtAUn zY&75PrRDvd&aF4>qpxFVBDo44MS{>R-c_e%iRDMNL7~sOs}y9{QRFCC&gw2U*A*tYIL$%84DYoL+-4jd-$`hUX%I{{a=M9Po#S8IcrtbtfcB8 zxMFI!)lKR{m-VIj+umwDdB4{{Z4N3axEC1<+@I{zrTMyZ-=))PKouzw;7* zikCH0M?f)?)VJUHi9f|vJwto{0GN~fRJp1f(NW+AFn9aU{KTK)HB-Lc{{ZGB{{RuC zTUA%ZOryY2zu)h_^D_Sch}9dYZ^!=t$&>t41-}}syeO_d2GnEzL#f*1b0vpuSN>b6 z5B~s`{`y&eeN1#;wt{n}^!Ni&KP4R$M>Y2g}5C^`5HV{{SJ0_E&$* z^>sG=(}V1!hIm&S-yG=rKiY3s`-e|k>il<4_J0b0sp}n3=ed8g_)@$ow0%AT`n*EV zyxndrXO*7WUa9L!1+`TTbsYh(iGN;Snxoa1<~3UC+ISmZ65gbrF{sx605SK}S5eT~ zovFE>eRa<>QC(QX-1DoVDlg77#4g8d#On#|ou&bz?F>tEr5* z)pbsPBw}iUy0MXcKoSA)@V<7U!fw>P9uGINvfTyDF^cQdREuNwQ<5OHfhUDj>b9aq zj{#D0H_MF#X}%Y=V1#D1stLr5@VKb(cGY|}j9*qK|=RTrtOVnM`W^5IJEPv(0mno?WqI@sDn*SZ99WdS{s!ScJi{8RV7!L|@!`Z|Q3E?fJTLw+&Ua?rlJbjYx#^ ZsTaLmUYpVnQBOs=*H!VZqv-~x|Jes)CnH84dtF+xQ!IFoJy z93VqQIWjajIYv1|Lo+ckMMXk3H!(vuFf}kmH!(s*FgTN{0%Ig(Vq`RCWn(cdH)UmF zEi`5{WGy%|Vq`5bV>UE4Fk)piVl*(bF#|jS0ke~C1V91-1(UD@G6zKBgOjtvC9~)R zM7aU{vn{@Z4gpECvCJ1$fBk6B0DsIQw}o$kVOPgatd?8<02T2h3ky)?eJf#^%C1d? z=sHWa%~i5U632fNR6C4@RWr&5gmBK4XDn+Q;g#+|6(02jLV&d&nqu@oZsj=I0p(AaS|iJ56QB1pPyF+lfWpxNuRx z3VU+WbsfsYpQNY4e?Im#qE5@E!TF37arv0`3Mm>)ea_Ivwo!o0)?66Ix7=w8IlZQH?O^L(^kSfXb0_0I4cKr?y)rk|*4_vJWjSFbjHNI)OoU zrV9iYKFU-}Z!f;8@*K&zr>&AgT8+I;9*HUc0F+UGIhsFbPHG-jipZF!#lt>mTN)~tM)*X^P$Ud}+fn=_0L3LH%Gu?EDBG*b%| zHpd(VRHSh)s$0`Uxsv<<=UnOO>EEHzr%-|nZH_tAv`VKFhh}t?9e1bh?-X*Fq-+<| z8gJUCDqthPe?u|Xd@awmjj`mbi>p=kvNbJRsjZXp3pTa@tKn->PbtU@z4XVWBVD)y zd(|Y2o3OR*_S56Cn6i8-+uuAdSrSL19Mt7njVi|tuYMM#84JcuuDoqSe;u0g2N{zxZgdi9snbc)aUTii zN-(jml;oR5O;mw^*8^*NFOv)pZ@ znH1f0sSkbwDnSWNGQ>(_nD|EC3 ziY%z16}gJPta$@ek;{M&464s0r3;K4mG;iIv%S9OJ>(I!t&luuPo+*qr?bznejxVGt{zB15e=%Uup*^_@VpzAjNmT%G0Ntp+zD%?b zDDcXXi=o734s^D?)~>LHt!VUC)Wl|#0=L76JnEh*(&|xw>mrM4!MnvzN!e{T4)X5& zNf`lR$T2wGyDG}-hbSX;#kBee?RHze>*?Dea6Hl<3~S!ix3uWnO`#G_e|5MRi;v4w zfBdWXn$y!ERgF|b2p$wsY(14^g%o3nsM{lc1l^xa1)4c0#Eh~d04l7GqQPz3&Yz*R zFCk3UEW8M$=8icpsYiZQt11ErIZ`sj22}N7R%>S-Mr-X98=>|bXhj)w9_*>fNL=Y= zlIIKsSuvHY_jBe5ihW^-%CfP=K=Ag~e{pXSs|Jze7P(=SsJ}QFc}Z>9{{V2-#IeXw zks0JvUokcmaRlurs6~%6S6#lB)Xn0(@U6`y6VN;?-ogI>Vm@vk_N%IK=5ns7a(&8h zFynWP#F4Q{5Zzd24Q=gu+)kl)W73oTMHfc?6^1JHOXIEg`I4qfS7XwC^JqoHf5~s^ z6bX8!(mb2gJdj`QtO5rrwM~0!^=*`X;@uKM({*jcm__+3%wpd9O^bPh5gt+a(xV_Ke|uL&F_0r)RhFXoA5ML7RPu|ecAK4rw=}b`{piEr0uV8r#boDX`M_@r>>}D$=xU>Y70r z+~g<$$%wMArb)IPf0bC~(c*AiUfA-hQm)l*ugPrAT%1**rw`&Xpf);yQObyx)naZA z2CV3ensOX1LR3g{Ih&i;HPfq8<`oS%49KW#aR!#1rBwW|NjOs^hO;mP42Z6F7P#TY znep9dyBdwArAQ<~Pzf+=V{UccifazuHe89T0;K1SSQ{R6e~VdbN$MA8sYwYSGGIjs zrSzNBl-%0DcheTT3mXnp4bI*74uJ^Me-S*n(^jp&7URwM342*n(vyBCELx;l%Uu*? zGAD&u-!?U7(262YB49gvX)WC06xG#LRD8x#^`W^TNBwrno$yVoT!pWv8iUHtYmLeOt>v8V3Np>d7#f?mIM4_c4^5e_-nt{5U zu@SCWVL_Hl>4|)apJ}BTh23ss^j<=IO@Q{$HV7n@e`7vX@j0q*+R>`e*O>~%HCY)LtqV{f-I95NZ2 z!$cDjVR|7J@1j14#evI>Eb{vW6b3`vDkjfmCh~QO1_a`JDzV1WFa&3kjLmu&gk2+P zcDL@N82!^`lGLaov)ogvg-T&kqaE2q(l6fJWK52D_3#!)H0L*02v_;00Ie(^>&Bg zYtOo}Gb4*KlB_et8yfDWOdjH`D7x!geGk=e-)rrUZUf(mL7rnJ~y5-~4 z^naN5x0iu6MpKbE4isIk=_T8&?GcHd;6~g#d#Ge$PdebexVKn_wC}0gSC=AIe@#-a zRi{8!C&Pgx=TgH$;7GR)bP2UAm*K*T>+40-x3(9p8$N}U?YkG5BXrVm2agbW)@+Jn za*xA4?qau;4@{L%LC%%kZKIJxvY!tDffY(!OcS!|WU>`t0lKy-+~|>A3pKR?;g&u+ zO&Gut84GGtidN=q;R;l$O$@TmBC)@tSMf8qYvpwwO}I zivn;Kr?#+|RJ-8pFdT(lHgWB|P5F{=caM)R$7`i#V|!=Ggge@IkW2ORm;YgnR0uj;dtdu_TQHAdRgik=_Bn~QZD;KxI9 zIU2-*7m0mMdS)Y0QFL3vmV&1UX5XfRI^`zSlj(UR(?6PcwiVU1R`e=@IfWM*@AH=#4C z=btL8%1#S_=R)FYs=dY}l1V)2t&-bQ`voaaZQUb?0&&dNztaeOUsS$>DlU7ddAX{c z%wr=%JE6c-m2KFwy%$t7dg@d6PsmqM`*sK2p_-#n3(VS_J4oaoklr=TPDZP@iVsDk z)p-Co9v#&iQvSSpe{&}u>aCmBG~#ow9-tXnSgQ*#%o^%vsTKXe12CgiEyj&pq`=fT z2qlyc3lVIp@@bv}Ev+ngJ-Ci^E773^cJsONwUv8K2d2Iz2B`K1>H*5;wmLT9qqfdc z3bo89k<72Rg=T2i3V@)nBFvKlSS~d@D|XcMJAcV!X;O;GPpUhF+7f3M z6{-zp?Njr??w@}gLPiRtoP}e}CblMq zHLRD;(xYG88Uor_@wJ5-HolVCj3_Yc3KsYrXwd@Af23kbu2b)RA1mAQwR-k>bA!VRp-;c)Um5QMO90 z`khYoje7VN8_9?O+YGH*8)-d6zK}|cLFdkpf7-{YO(a}o$CW-#-UT2KqmDS%SrXLc z&Z+dJuYkaiz65(|P1thA>_YZZyN%&&AtWfrR~m@=n-2`DtZ^d)N1rIq5V z;nZ_&x`{!GMz9!$Ia4M`*#23#wa0a5v$ zbEQWzYg47{{{U$bj^U+qs%bf%L$Fg;e;txz+3~N4=F@Es+7#QsEgBDLJW1^|%~eH( zNj2ECMFlDzUN6|9sGD`2&N?=bV9k&=pcD&l zwr#;Kd@-+`{{R6-l5|z{;K2vQf6l8uah4~w+Y?h73WSS21p#>kQ@|;mQcA8;W#?#W+r|xAMr$3~Jhw~a!b3D73FCn=#QeH;X#_V&b znU)2)#zW;_#)zWxxP@##Q03W4gl0JLqiAU!=N2?w0yXX8YZ^uLgdMaOe|`e5E8~R+ zjTtm`4GsO3v(uv7NwC}IZ~p*jeJAlk=Il7B`GpMX z?;jc@+G^1H#;_$FdCjy=RQZ_O&4%k{#BL)f4o~Jo{pu#is_!-_=|sxV6R5<(>Ph2q zje9A5Id;M0w2`^7zAJ9ge^~pkr*^a5wxsQ)&q(n`eVjd%G5h>?PM+eC-$|_atVC(_C$@B4EHu%_VPfMQ1CoCl zypju(#O6u4u6+EmdMfy1TgLYP07Ih<6+L!bulOL+?-59_E!t>Dd|2R=2JvH5EvL&; zUf&Y_Gv-z1$o~MBf5>J{z+g2f9@@MUKx6s2j#Zv+bEq1W>QiGv{@Sg2eK0*U**{mQ z8c+u$v_$9_wfRvRNLg8fiwx;Oxp$95XG=Gkd5+2$g@DUEE0xk8tJ2Za%bu%ZPUS%h zZw>Am*wj0rlTsU&%nB34;j*jk;gQ^F;fXw}G`EtN@>;KAe_y~sQG;bdH#Zq^rnfC` z$}4MQd(x)@R`$LD;Xoz*LTo_g zRN-m-i1Vy$NlXD48_{DPgQTsEh{C!xEK6HR0{GCLW^ylxT!5zaH0wHb2c}h{$lh5M z)H0i?p|P>-f2_!7^pLW>yEFSJvG0q1sId8~m+aX$8lvj!L9N0oL+WX<7#6JANCKUb zKp{Ra3CIkqKSRjZBg5OqsfLZXQpCw+RV|7!CAs!dpn%_0i`=xxj7CXR(|%PqHQcf3 zsl{xwvBaq$n_Ogg)jdeTI-3mf#-+$nb~LPx82CT}f3u`@GIA9+GHW<~UjTEcne`}f zii4jbXh=Z0KFXNpgVSiIQdPNB?O4?zkx?0WG!Hgp@E!D)rele@r;hm|Mo1z9h1)95 zOwDSi)kk2GDmm5ARahH@Kv|gB0huPAOjH{hy58daYVvG1&kfATexTc`>}g;u4FML3A+>gwvj0UGU&GBYXU1u(mvybJ!_OF8(OlQcq80=d$< z&hj#48JXO(8?iSgyNz@CugOkr^?9q~DhcHe%dujV!V_76$>s zt*MS?x+`>qwHxZU3kK2mAm}?_Y?h!{SjJYW+&t=d+2IPyH+t{1!BJQkUd?XzBR-a9nG(M3&B;nX< ze_rJ`Mc~gz{8f_AWZ%_DUjdnu)QQvP1Pa7Z$ksS8z>43hdQlhk3IhKCHLCk^#zzH#FJcE$(5Q&A$TZ3gu6cG>MKQFrQwN{!z0G+< z!+%Qf4v`gW92AN&a9}J{@aI%fs?Cl9*m0sJ78k(eNW@dtW_xbD4?g@7YCf&4;%zI5 zAX$bbd{+AyQj$8&F=Ye}-@cErS)$b&jZroz!z-M{EMgJAN%BDX3khD;}FjJ=W(|eX^y!HuHIb&kBh2teB7QQdM8O~xKcQ?UXz!q^$D-4QmTFw7W-?Wv{l(_+)uY>yd%}Ls)NM9cbZ;J z`~v{myQ|DD?m?I>+D*+Be|K{5K}S=4v~0_~XTW$z+eyv33M?@+nVM$v9U`0AboSg4 zEZ1GQ#~k1LDO*WP8WI@kJ96%KatuxokG-pU6w*6sO{_tr)-XgGR1B&7g;U$rxyb(j zmflA;YfFMjwG6#g-u=S40XUq_Rna7%ws@R|bOvuz#5}(ZTX6mne;WK*nzE&U?4a0A zMbfsUdV^iU@)e<3dy{z>&_)q{H83}h)z5(=oem>uD+I3R8J4c7({9!^&8)u4tb+32 zl{M1>qtCp5EDMKupl*PA?&DOk>|ydm0I=s(+eWa*ZU9}4FSiXe&$)cql0CG{pqPYX z%_+CCi!eAqrICFoW@+ZX1B6 zC6d`^N|h{Y7*&+#L&0%A!AF^uPLbk%T)XIT!qPW0#L-$Axgs@ZYn_IEk_*#C}0OFe`P#N;N30l<(Aj~01%)RBBX2OOMG>@iw3u~T&5+tStQ&^AS7yI zrrBDJ0=Z(rO5tE>l{U`Re^CI+vi8)4FGLsavME(d^A~NIkm`1^`)CsFo)Ad!q2t7N z(@(h+e-k-8X|IbP7+#mrp>gHRtu}m@RKy#^K(;3;AdQ9$a2YigNL9|X@UY>+gE3)& z1YV&QT0fb0!p>L7Bao4EG?_*?frTD(;Zgqp#p>|wXOT(rj%Jq{w@q7RF6x%95*7$F z+JYvZTk z6(ruSz}%Ozj@koEE3uET_pAjtIneY7d*`g`?)tV zexBKHbMqhUq?amdW7Oo?2aRJ%BXg;N!29TBR&;8+u`#r)owi1v!*#iraJnSCOiMV< z%fq^|dW_?7)FzdDy0ouy;aW@AHbOZWe|F|6*+^2L5qn{BEm&()!A7rZI`GqqA1%|W zO5C-Oxz`b0Tuv3zbE37?T|@1)bpfDU(P4#Mbuq(`p_(Kt!K?_jX7!no6DF6p4iqy- z+)5m(u1m&(bF8*A+<}e;tdW**fY_dOQC7K97-ll80i7=tY8gCXt{7queMHike;5+F zNEW6B?j0iSi5DOYs9ULGkyAmt1CMnUmhviYbwFyth`{6DR26Wh*PuHl%WI75k=iy6 zhf55NK^a>TavW*xuTRPM1G+!{s!W%ySF7dRx3>2AvfV6G>3?3zzY(pZ@=qSNO(TO} z&D<#U0B{tZ@2I3VNUZX4KMMZcYm=KAIw(vOXUC0nOJifhx}i>xuNfYo zIeqjylWX49Yug3;YE@QmWT$@KC^fyi$jA9mzS^*OPiVZ7sJ)v0h0}@q00sNbhCGo$@tkf8*3bvV;Q?1wdpg zU@pfpYV8N_$awI^guwn6c)kG}JR38QN zG?#M9t~+fV$dV8-c~yHxG`x}Rn!r4>w;efSLwx-)O zX6@2!yUMCDrRn>Le(ZNRvo48;ey-3zv5sN0Lh(<0jpA8>WQ^qLrt)Mbz6AbTkLpB&}> z6af~n07Vv+3Mx(YmR!_nUh_u6IE;sYsz+o^PoLvhBqU1;W9_4D_Hu3ysN+myAgwP3-o5k_jXqnBQd;lNu6eLSBL{ zLWapsGSHX-odAjzG%^h|L33pU_f?l;xomV;cGi&jiRm?9wBgvg=bs^0PMqzF_($7D zJGeBinuuY;6GTm{^5nWlGg?aq-Vu9T^ED4O@E8gyrLq;K_Y(gAj{ta^9?As!LI;G_ ze}QY%6$ZB;s-AvSbvTL+q780tQ*NuOR#Y9P)r~&mWC;rQ?x7X2uR~V`iRsxc2V%P!M#yMNn7M>YgO^s7F@S4bRb+~OKx{2Go@D^ zW}-=+GiM#fg3~J(Cg8BJ?5Zo1c>E+0f~kuzSh>FoS|D*WVThG=D+^zU?XHp*Ob3Zim4_OJMN{Uk5|u)VZYy<^09GW?lfs}ef2x$S z>wE_R&V;vS6k3xl2lkptWgHFt^sPjH;*1YRgb_HQacFVQT8?>L4#vcE5ysO>;j1op4$KS{2h> zM9^!i7y~0Nd}_4JiJCVYjV?h3f5$OFIU4nbMMBAaTOK5{03~pB8&rHn~@#a%V_H@Zfe@Rm%diU^PJRn(3%@7i&3@=P=pxQK#1dOiPhaY!+4oLkM zu^_4PnzFj-JD&m+n@p z>HG#ZlDT0EE!x)&*-eI1;rN9jk`)Ew94vX-tpIg5zm2k9CZUp(EqYgCt6j$@B>-SC zG&r}a2?0r32IgH%sbahdJTF2>X4VIm-xYJhZP~c&LoQ2If2!3_exr`dD&Y12+yj-W zu_GxGqXI@&`=|_oWhyf#?Wf`N;TlA${(1g!+xMZy!}Ls~Bxl~ke2fjAoI#g4fp*|yg~vShU)wS>Eh&9y{O zR}eD>fV;T1f8~&kP1(Y<9yd*^`kpod;CEIOk(-GST^}CqbeZugWKDWgT6voto$A$` znk@0|;u;#v4qR_e!x)VM4jK2>Z%lwRtv?08cbe8wT{tNox4pk2d0+5bBCdE)XPGw9 z`mc$~HTjy1#0#?G8wwZaY5=F+*h`f&{--&&h~o-~5vO7KxkF@^=QfGL$9=2Mn$}<{VPnDVQ0CKwds>?$aX@ze8#K` zfByhwIl0?KwoOjgV~`c2xZH@vm&E)9WXy&~GS1gLsgxmGktWwGU@W!TRx!-cB$Rnm z0Y}<&*|#=k{J8#OneL+?fk-y;ZlwsI+l{K*jnrFP!?hu%7(BxjPvuT$wx_7|2;vQ} z>E}#q;oMF$W5pEx=Cc6+SYQPSG#9@Te{am1)9G6v!}r^aB45%6;ymdMlnc3<&UC<@ zDO2_e;tCV z*wEW>qm3^v@NhMy^fU%`M5QI%@D#kemTFm~=4hqd!QNs{bx`yTcd6HEGGvA|fH9=H zms9Fjs|3-5tPy40f2IEb`-z{mY4~@WS-(zDPs)5J+-uKN5GzPHo}JJ# z>0xkb3HHw!)Se~f#8!6Sf4bY?kEuRJ#8#%?e-7wrwuwGdk?yPrXi!KZdoaU`P-iKw zMipuKWS0@&J2V(aWf3_!%IB~4k z&#{~@VN9eT#zDZa&Va0f*IVOGjDfA5?Qu&^vRC|O3SH#2y-hAL;clj5#>nMcF`Y$< zkZVGCmPNV2hDMNMb5+HaU3Ps@&+h%Duv@(!({It8E16o#FyJagO&J%=inIhP+>G#} z$sW4_=A&zIanOY*?V{DUe+d@Z;i>uHDTySsYY_)+}Wh^RheQ&4j?=pQ^qRhr%PB-)MBy+7aW+GPzMuo+HR;43!?vkdg^i@M$c zBYsQ={Kgo!^sQg3>>}81V~QTil)5w>K>x< zm))eS;8?SQYzNpXRI{^|(p`cI-}kTVuBzN~uByNQnU#l&%~W^QY%-yddX+p5bP`A| z&8i=ze|m5dhZ zYGMRp2?w&JZ*N!hxIGMC<#N|dm01^c>1NgxDOT%hRVSMILDYG1sT;6-*cyYydcOWg zrH9{O$hYGAScQz1(le{9jV<8Y5|E50oMy-6S_?By-jW>=AJmhH{#B+`qlr}%S~bZ< zUlu9#Tc<?Z&OOy=WQ?&64wJ`-r{dZn z3fBy+m8jmyKgpaFO{jbIGgS)aEIHE=79LY(<||R6MTL_{wW%afFyT{qWo$CUr(H(& z{ZDrm4t-SQ+573C)F7EjJ_E?oaqT6P_y!#KQ?PW%f1_=3A5p$u71izUow-`q{o5Qq z^AEF!%hP}V0G|H<6|f1wVR4AyX(PCjCb&Ag8ybIixP=Lg0A?Hqm3!+qa5SNIwqSef zy58dxb;V?|TFyA{2RF6$xs`2~Ty(0HXQcTIL%2yA{Nv&8NHaER<*1ev-C9Ml}VTkq)0r6V=MOf`0Qk8EKNbnR4;cw^id34CKB#2Uohp^8~H zwmufRj{L1#pS%xmOka%vLU$Xqk;VNyZ*Op?%aa~gT36L>T0+nm)u}D^>KA9X^fvLu z#19vF&Y87^atoXA;X~eTQ){<*ekk z?4V(t$@F%5Mq~sX=7qJ}$-HHXA^9;_GaRly`k7I;+r`_Vv`~#wzbevm`>EOKt2)RzSR0OKlbDbf)JloYC|^w2KNb<`R~ z6a!2nREIaB#}c9SB*m+|5sT1)mvGu)9v&`o6#EIedG|qZ8Jq%)Nvg%Md5*o-3&J7) z0Ep92Z6k-p=8)#+KV?kYs3G&PzagD8bzt%?0-}Xb6-Gd1L7H776KYCsf2tTCPY=Gb z=iW%?7WP)<*c?Zv-p04niRVZ((oEr07G^dIGc*JePauvkS=iVCUX!PE*!F3utkbud zxpplDEHIEAk4O>PUC)X03BY&IexT}SYY5svZMd8pu>SxqJc;i)3fUw8Nj3u#dn>_j z_rJQ{O}S%(wUeKw%i<{KG=WDZr_j}jT9#Nph*i>SUGlM!1r2e*ji|{cEMhNK(=f z#YP`(dH$#MEc@f36VrfsW53#KEbe6{_n{*yKBuUDxwdQ-7Znn*v={$`xyPc|w`hd}pK+51MZ%Iki;$I?`JkA2M_dP~= zL0jol@Qf%120E7fe=s|EP1oaL$FNpeuD$Dkxv;GvNUc~YG|YQt)2Ye7Dyy}ZPXU!I zj}Vh_s1ml$s%p&DO2%=}>VsCc6;ddIO4Ncu1RD{NsIIJIXJfiEDAng&`)b{627&{` zF&|}S>>p0x513k?-^dxGkL4FV=CzzwO-gdQuX8yfBzUkqe<;euR?WkR7*`**pi0Pm zEu@U<7H;YfM+YBoeo5}4-XJHM<4C1Jv8^M$T%QA#(2JJhm?d@MbsY!;Y(}eye6R!ix0NK-Ky2E z-*@mxi5+8Ie@*P9B$1>yKI)l_NGRm0GzKmXrCC%cD9ShSzWE$94(SFC3ckXDUD| z%Dhv=@Vmm|&l?nO^)|0pw&>k&a+83~ruPadU#Yq#?KjW9+rnnsN&`yK zc(gddt_C>OX(_pUxqgK)ryFQ_>x%(wc$$iwe-204U8L1VE)lc`;A&M(@Z&|>k)f5i zVk!}QU4oUp{0F6ZTB&s%jTSh;7;`*L24NhB1;_8H7qAz@oejzWMea{3ihi!F?6wXx zcI8^A>J1fxa<>i?V!(lH_|O!#K$CtH%uq2PvA1PX$sDP_GnWCVA7ve6bX8?yFNn1b zf0dA%fG@;lR0PuQ5siD96cWr-b36qiAi70TmL*NGSb!l``u zZ&;oywR(}m?C{dkmnPnh{RU*wr@#X@e+o-^t)4h-;>?cL%9)MEzC$z0!h^R0UDHhd zQG0W_r}n;zMOTFa$9?K^FH=6@UWZ zh6ge&Mb#_H7T}f#N$##EM|SSxS#Eom=BU+tqfUj-fQzoE&TY=EBF6FhkYT6Je}^$b zSJI_31l^R>ksY-mBIdfk6$#0de0~6PP1nt9E<=@n^NdT|SoY}_ef6RQ)5DsZhG zjHb*E1+n(h+4_=uPvRql$Z|KH5IujR2A2;A=i&_GYz! z!u6Fo-BMu*Y>`K3+oCj5J+9-#)-r$rJbkq?Y@)bkJ@tx{%!D$vh|aV|;!VUVby$2= zeAr$p>#Xf%rv1oZ&a$|xb&ikoLu$%0$Y3qVQP33u7tHvc!AR{R5sXfte=)e?O=-Y{ z4Q=Lcx|`Z!iM#S&s~a;(!UzR`0$*2V1#e~!u(>T7I(&Tyqkqsne52AoodI^ms36#!#E!z0U4AE|pp zHA?s>B&thEqlV!kGmi9Cyxo9Aha&^shkAm~3Wtt77cVZPs zl}2WRyxzsLj>5)6X{9ePLw-a1uCFYYR6d$=8PW|oClh*DxiuP% zV+CnwekW@TNx%xNe~GPLg|rgRXK{6pFY2sgOQiJSw2Rb`etV36lya>Dg>~ps$zfql zu%aD%d;4ygGbyu4`APlk{>t#B?rp-i{;u6zZT8A}yAQBeoCcA-N2<_aTEfDhu{aJi zFldkqz4=fHqqG7Pu=5;Ar{OqiY|UrIivdkZE|t3Df2g5WmQ!fZUAdmmZFzn6 z{(b)7&oS&o;EFO)O?7?4Hkbjxc$>e4X5cfd*wtN5uFkju#|kn-&VbAq2Ck^buu%?( z#mxcdCk4P!7DE19dE#hoGaoJjgL>=HGz_DbTyqp6ajDzejVr43#xPD(0$1&4p+*l&Gr_ zQ9vQKWAlS>TxgQNsLaIYRRhw8`JRMa-w{h>+tXxU73oUZwKlek$SM*@zBC!|d;99j z$53OCqbzFVy9^FgEY&p@irIZLj?5Ji@NhwxgtwG8W}hiGgk$ zD_T`-+uxuurEHZ|{x5#;LsJI`<6GFSC%S;xP>W+>jUuNswTNd$vn*G$Ay-HY+7D(X5x_SI@vjalpzGLr4$P^%D> zk25#nQN2h(ib#f^QEtjORY8nx*)Mq+fy*E$e^iRP&c7a^Z%EMVVP2={?ckqJtBY+A zmcJWdmF2~3^aj$qn|xYF<69+DTJ+dnD$cXf$-euCoy$nXlfw8^B$7blNL-_iApP{7 zvJG5Fc+^@tlQlnM(R$=1_i!wGxbTulybajcXYHh4=%@)NZ@MhJ0|9@st<$6{y8`$+ zf3mRbwdm`*kxjw3ZAUM-wmT&fm}`kSfgk-HAU5^w?5nTQ(tqYa{_Si*)b)5L#C+UE z6v{#HwbbNlw9Q+oPt6GFYQD#x+oX_J$F0-Hf0vGFCKK%F0u|xGZmx1 z`c`Oxo20+)_Tv+`WBJHGko;eLVhe&wlCGx25oQOG6t+@ovGP?^m-6wYYza2N9EEed zu0WJ&AYd}~)uRIV`{`1F_cS)_uMkuNRjgNtBaK&iFdKD<3$s|aW}00WOJ6cQf0R)v zWU;emE&OUx>XoV}(@Gmi0M+II+nA!DC4g%Hc-7I=riHKyeU;M2zy>R2Ia4>&ZorPa zmUSdDAqp*t7}em6q6Q$|`ngb%9x?#{gFt-08Su`uw$Mi5nt3$E!r9)E{^8b~KZA4T z##mE)+Vv#^@$R79u!>Z$Y!t8-CfQYF*nhfsw#O0hoX2slh7FNqbdb1ALX*a=y50JB zjyzoEd0x1ycU!Nt?XT3B-*1+U3&yc(8oW+3y-eCc1s4t{h3I~ofR0zkt2^-Rsh4n3 zw5}tKTaB-6<&AsO4JV?~7jf7oV47V;lxoy@Qop^9cfpit$X=G}GwJE9@ry{uL4Wqr z3%1w|kEHk+Fqo8`51dwSC!uF2WEaja_x4r{!>L*ZTDkAb1GKmSu7j3l`3qO}tXZgnuwBICl2eBiVP{>$erY-XExpur{(G%jM%ijoLQC z;PF#h^2Zw4m|G0TIt)8h-0nkL!5Q%%nEbWXgWNm6wUK?q`t|snm-h8v@?virUoU{} z#wL*!-E@q=r^%|Q3bqx+l~lVMDvOiYE2^ngLeUD_ZeFHOU6G}IzfOvg#5a^y~!LExhb4(d|wXfC$z`3(A3x8^IkYk^Y>cts0x*czDI zz$h`g0hzD3Ui#c~`D41g`8u~FzPC$WA>Brxw?Hg!LL#ne0HP^fHF)A@aHtD0;3=)P z!bz;n;E$gZ-CD524%sY#D1YKkXWLtINDa2bNDV$V$p&89aFtQWa1(ux4=tjWj}$%w@Y<6)VvPt$heYqV8t82FpK)=x^=`qO&uJPGCP zHK)AXScsSV)K_pm!+#=OSd6$*vq}jyR+uDqq~2;Nfu3it%w_5=$rLE8;YQ!Sz2vNU z(3Db?*u9A1Mu^&kT(z&lu9?vD3p6(7!%_BBw3j80LW8eL+Jm{5L`bzBn@&ZzG1fPc%CR6))4Nl`H8lsFU(8Z|gZz|Q+E8^Z2 z<51FS8Y31_mFZjTGEJQ;4>9%%0XM|flWb#>ILRd**xMV@JGfREeKjPD19Q%ntvxz} zl6w?4z;mZi008Wy6rXiF6NX;epSVsD+3cF-W!1nl9DjrufWr6x0N~RJ2w3z~gHqC> zDP}eTqkNXKNs33R zZ@I}^Me-(-6)IM00L5#5-u9RGGYT8#0a*!DeP8_yb~88cXGH`25XG zT&$}1dw(z7%$gAt&l=pSn-1z39wS=Cb#ljzXYOMOA;%kIM;2~Ri(LwPk7n^#pDEX9 z0i@deD~22|P+NeO$kC8c>LT5g8^37^RPO?H6*Uy%6MtHr6|k6gips4Xj@FV<%mYhpgI&#g z)Pq#LGqTyf@R=C;dsH@(ZY2DX^KZJO;U?aRbt;4GBRXW=A1DSm`&jvpuvPThnSCTG zBIt@SrZgES{ygYqYst--Un6VjS|h5JX=}Rza1=;4T27Yo)g{9LnW5;oxT@fNO?4>L zMt=-0rs9DhA&u#Hnb6%$skN147I9j6=mBvT38cHsixt2nzK!^QC{0AEJa=)jxlrYws ze5aoSS^HPBT<{mSbywTso=v|>=tnL1w11ZGsgpV?%Ob{4E;yw3jsnGot%3!=_G8(xhxlDG)s!#h^YGi-W( z(m9=#orZS1vE(ZyweFqfTnvWccr8NBHmvsUbk+J@SIp(qp+;n21s&2rqBj9b;(rHy zEgDG{E-Xe=%leYqQR3i75mLyPgwNH`rDnECTa{zv2w|27n5NbBB0bKaKyKO!ls;i& zM~No3rHtro1|Mxjr{vK|?oq_nI)&_RtTV=q`(q?4Avz?_97z>GW{B%$!0|Z>ZaJW6 zy-7$}IAejXiL<3$Rb_Rq=Pw%awSR9dKIRuzl$J=4>QFT|e|1kx+U=&>w33e&q6sF! zK;uK)?6>Aw8_;J2mb!R_sZF$IY1S2eCC`W+&dTVI_~V>4>a~~RLB#rN3UsNj(Y-;q zkjB8G@VA^_3e}ljS+yczY-tUg18zY;TY&>JS`h5_Z97S32uB<*e222RGJiFDxAiFb zofwm)6u4!*CAZ};1dEk98nQ>JHHHZw$nZ9+$J3b$G_q;cnyxg~-)fmgz7d-?KI%`i zYrUhucabH$i$I&5!s(TCkDLDhrnI4jB0#D%fx@l%aIY`Eh3Y)bq+qqziw$utHEf0M z?)xC2wHpk%)@NJXvjpkTAAii7^$6gf+fVK%k7u_sw+t0{vvRDBtZrm&)Y#8CusQiIBGB;arX39fF5DR3mt42O$sp zfO~6RIXpT^z~xw~!DSccTRUyG>R>%6*pHZt4|%3S*s&Kj7?Y5vwtu@Iws}R{g76*m zZKq5zc;z6-d2pw6stg6_!+rwFCwEGT1hxtW5QEvVa&p~(k}H6PPoGf-P`w@x>#=|qaOpSqVN(m9+d*m_K9;+eHufWT3P%_$VwyGs#5Nhy)+G;^_z zOBpe>6?7=lfGUiDtA?q#nGCo(C}N0N6biF7g;2PvG?aM*h`#Zx39OKfxSU43O*Paf zxzM@sraE5RLVBz`O_y~&L1DyH+dvg?3M(z9)iGmDbqTbtk$>K68K?0YED3cSpL4?W zxtjN+<(}`IR7;IA*j9{v&O4bq>Y}f>AMPK%ss$q0p(2eC#`GaaL1nCHEKSX+E%TWr z5Uxv|Iy@@U9F$&=TasM)nBIwzDgRz=~Q>QP;0)K8co7q+!^Z{jj7Fh8A02O6! zL@BtDASI$!vXjQ2-NO_kP;FC@Zdyk%OF`2n+(Obs>8WyvwVkcXsY*j{)R*?L9rWqu zDMp4JX77T~lv8t^va){JnUtv38!+6et4FA<_8CTsHL{9^n)y<}jZNv~pAub(p^;ay zHDG`c2!FdAlvaSsU$7k}tr`M6HZ97S5dnQd>~Oy>>KKPkvTc=xbKfFq@q2zJP8@!^ zt0n6E4rtB*`$@=9EQPeUg+a#EZwSK1^;WR96qMdKI`d+RHk#1Vwg4_eD#+iT_f8KB z3TjQn@x~;$4Z(XU79OEyW8)^|nxzyuXPw2Of`6{8%ZN6rt-;e=!ouYHDw;hRlWEG( zx!lTd283AZ#~yVWh&WZ_2wZxH3LI-x;e3$J_p?gYZ_SbEmTN9XrQm4N1rrc8WX%h`C59AIOa=R%NvV_KQqZ6<&Q2T~l! z;CUKa)oQf$PEJcEv}y|4tPt_SqzbVo0e^ZTk)T&p*H$!vsT^yNs9;=OZ;0%tWR5w) z#j}d?8+eBS+Gy)3B;58EQcbp!UBs1H*dhYX#>%3vx!cLMn8P6jfCLed2DIXZHWAr; zdxycLwgdTAhq#CLG3dXH8^*_)E`;CVdOsV9ql#fjBcingylz-<; zaGR5JV9ImsrJ{;?rW<%-X*Vo%h*Vv#-Con7eI>W)>;C{H)|q6QA*@0%iYt8IGkugE zz+08r^uJaiyWd_dsr@+el4IG)Y37q&kQ5>yv~jKqgOC)K^QghZQG`kIukoTm zxDVlPH{V`YyuIzB`WH_AXKpNTrGNcjki|n;Ma_1h#M-KC*zn<8cQmx8B+?Z2_+Dbg%v@FF6 zCm!lezL?uy@l7If2Fxo%rpxMWR1@Nl!rz5AQ?+5W*kt;n&o|Pfn~lbzGSn-e`f_+0 z;zeP^Vk^+sQo729-lKD8pWO5<+^h;Zg##mcAN(g#g@K08^IY1!C3O$Bqm1d;+}hO` z&~)wga-u2V0lgLWJNp3>FMnxcmHAesL8104XO`XuIq18Y2AOADassTK1|TgY#fM<6 zLsT@&6<2?le*RABc_b|tOW8th8Oh7d!k~1{l(PE6Y^GnF=SL=}Nv+1KWCrbR+hxNf zV@znMI|WqA$1_w4&6mE2zLa>M8~v0ay^W$T93}iuf_Rsh`%-C`j zRZ>lbQ6#n%>$!2RR>u-)r3nfW#=r})HCWIf?X141yfZ)TV?F?XFpfQyn}DS{bO$`= zeYo`w5GE0h&zsv!?0-6Tm;9&(9rd2>RYY-%yI=sVQyAHF;Slq-XPG(D*H2fyJ;y7cc%R*W`BQ56f!>{knJahHk~hJx3lk`*OxyI5!`ltzO96k60Z+^Z60B#s!+ny(W+Pr!F; z(>iw77$IF>Iq^5WsmjJ1;Tg{giMqS6(;tWVxYMkPI|%6Kxqq!J@x(kw9$afWefz!( z;aWh>@*K%0ja^pQnpbxG22@CwYl2NE#8EdBk1G3VR(e!1eOS>WYnoeCUN#h95^2R0 zZ(?ygY4{Qp$N+018EwX$O~AG^Q-C!liIo&woGEE{I`CW;mU(sMl~J51&X)N)A*qk6 z7!r;qrMDnfbAQf98WT=UMp=Fc(mS5oqfccgkgVTW-#Q_d=);(%LfWv1h#6)V;&H8@ z;Sdf0RwmiPxHROuj}3v&uT!4ei*KjY=CWE}5vI2?Vrw;<6G6R3s?e5lTJ>P`5mpq* zi)06IpPhaTE-HjtkGf!1Fa?T?Pdm^Q7B&>JIz^Fn8h>CeLa!7WR_8iAF)l9V$hfiW zt*M(rd(R9@5Y6#D!l|~}Ni>2u*6eANf?fXV@vbd`4oWzh^xF=f7RoyeWIkr9)~Ra9 z+Wim?pVH&nAS^XXb2QmfXr|ekUTMdbaWvbAQS_}VH1_Nqg(K8@=F@0O2KDD3<)OfT zQ)O4_kAEiPZx-ri0)55VY&>cJ!mam*O;3gJ}tJ zkbqQb)J4s^%^n5Sw@nT;M#miJq*>Uh7b~X6?KQ!ZC9m~2{{X7d4AV{4x_Fp9N#xuZ z_VNHCkn3VTATkwOsxFiPRAdHJ_g07~J-Z(wg;u$8h^ITEpb|93JnV zG_3UEFDNo@JXW>sk1C;!2-d4>94&#uuOS72Y`C6OZ$zl^k}wRtqNDCA)<>*%JAJj& z#I9BY^=kYl(u7v>F0h9>GSYJwdvA>o}pvRYDZd5r1U}%W_y|YJpjZ3NFlS1uCN5`hP<({V$X5O@Rb1V;=e&;JDd{&$5Z9NhvDX zhrCePKvFsJrck!|hSt57t-l6B$Lh6#z>G=ZP}^JI(s1lP6M>>a8Zb+b17K^lq<3WT zHv`IxZ8%TJkclK4oa!+-)!i(0KOBWd2A-~VHLB|qyVeK_F(#t*EO-p6w;+NrBYzNS zgdKt>RBuzt*&(ax2rRfLp+~(|Yfp#skHk{*?p|V5d@)}E&%UF=?%L`37yFd0RBQQ> zK95zjoj~Vqby(6#q*!4_l1IT&MaieSUqs$@G8!@IZNc$Q;}7l+h}W&yYz|#`%$xRWif`8s~{3#-B zO^TMRx1{thmi2I#%;G?*T;8U{)s-(+m?U*|TSav*BpxhVg>3A1DElC>D2?MFN)%&m zFIa%z3NG7mCemRlVls94mx!z4zZTQl+D}#DbLPj*CX~89Nj;x~JuI;#n{gUgr8Xc zQTyx{#Yg?}2~ zXH`=n@_<;Lz%O1Cb31M)l4dx_#l7Z@_JniOTRT7LlCMNpAly>QXn(5J&3Z|7VfC2E zqWOxvMBlQMM#9w0ZBnK_Estj?X>p<`prNC!RFepzjG}_3il&(g!U0pJxlLSC3P4)v zVOgW}-@RMqJm{6yqqe9IQz%Qh+09|$VVL+_R<6^17U)@gG7mBw{haEPK^*C&#$Hw# zip`s8EDfk$!xeRw%t+E$+=x){YB5(D@HBM6A#O9don)iDW)r{ zK`mWVdYmbRD_lXTETb|74Yv^vH}0b-#E@!)RU33Z6(_!iWtF(tc2?wqs>5g`+J?-k za2GXIW>au+t|I2fDB z7rvg{qwc2kl$Z6BGhjE%(iQ%bF6lZR_) z5>4cAp@U>Jr+>vS#Kw~{XT+W~0PP?pF;y7$P});!S84bZRDkU;UNk>h-04Ac$Wiuv zCVkDMmhnZ*`J1>?rZn4KAW)!j%%1a1t0KE4qSQt`mf`V#2<^^@+jWRs+|j>uLGg;K zZc(tc7(&YxGphMT3Q66#*iqz2-w{A)PYh^4Q$p;4lTm63nSI%R#_}= zC@dE(4UtYq7)00a2xK&Jsqr~VznoHFS)dkH#HK7cp zmM>NkU2RK~P#l9<8Lc2?B)77U>T6qyMC0O0<=ix9D}$J;CUaV+ZeG`b}s%f2xjl>`=A5ITKm3KcOj1aLUwcWZOct;MM}> zpoX47w~SqHX1B!L7L#536w-@h#m#yik+S`~B6&rmVc`ei2k|vZtx4Imhc;VCwsBZk z$liARJE|q$A{`?WOK*3iep(!B1Ao?6ZFu0cn}3ccHBSC!pT(0&y%Dp%>d@_@^*1tT zQ{_R6w{q8(>K{<YN`@AhmG6HY-_^C{{RWES<$zRH%N6(TKuRdJo#Mw331ixN)q$w+aasbik3OLE17k+x|B?S9s^^ z*W!*Z@;H;Ky8aqJAv9&yy1cg+t%r^X-+xn($jg9k2eQ2Qb6R^iPWNoguYJU10~;TQ zn7wp=ki^=qMB!IQ9wfiVWJ=bf{#vitHr^q)h^v(f2`zkEunNPGbV^r>k`J=BipL5g zI|QC9nL))^e7c7!$7N~v01OO`!;z``M%UbP>EGgXd&HZhFH?JX8rxuGiA{?uVSnwa zm|iC=>P$*;6hxfFRw#{?Fk0tOSn9q<+gzOeZS1Vh+TpdSRlBM}QeNzDfyTpy49evU zU|b$1k1B;ydF4x6nXA^y+BLSsv*38OP3pBFBh=O=!-=EqV_#S?Hwklo6%Fa=)S}kH zjRF>p%8Xk9TK4q0)1eyI)RKqRP=8f1Oilom;ztV3n8suwa08b*dL(cf>Oi%vS=tN9 zpkdodim6)A^r}PN)^w_kY{(mdZ7eVqRlAm8EgE9gGVPfxM~P1nPo21fr?P?KE2)od zK3mqcTz{K@`)oG8N6l%COZ^drJdVxk5J1UK3Y0e&uV%d=TVo#9NP}%8P=Czh2UfMg zTJrndn(Vhvwn;?lwjtNIgLaCxHlvJ09JhR|?K|o%q!KTHIhuMtp926%CX_VP60lu7 zvNW0b#L>0nJ|{`_CGiY8PT7YaeF|QP>x?g}`CIta&roQN05@ebx9ZzzNLN0aa%{cz z%gfzU)#_` z9Q*4hs`btHRbsNAOKJ~?ZimDD^YI$a;azpc^mlXN(2Z+a{VFG~Qoz_+y4TK`+QA8o z?zeaJ6zNFR*`7#nqBj2h9($h}pJ{KQZka|0t)Q&O}m7o&WBCso0!8mMbhI!?o@uA_0aGk+UadPphVs|H{yHmgjk zvSaaHm{CJPVMS3&V(KW$C~HMpC{|omg+QwcVHsgo6;W3dWCsCO3wn`j)xi|V3HL5ZY00JzESwmw-Ra^7X{-= zu>%29Y@$#>!zyQJp>HA2g)XB}rh!#la8(yR%Eo0nj(_yS2kqlFnsIqpX0h;J?^a^& z94SD2Cxuo?8fhL@&CSPm3gu8SG%c?E2dq_jg+j`_ZukWpYkQ{jgoQ@qb^(;)sC=p4 z%+?$m4qh@VLfxGE;U z_U&>!@thrd#Y@`M${4LQEpjT#{0&12p~AMt+#>*JZ4$Q%kkw#oNChO?pN5urSY|6& zR}@yvUa^c)q*SOkt&iJ6b6Sb*oe-jC6pOCP}tV2 zy*9v=HJ>~ThQ_ji=S>A!s=BC#GDYYt2&YL1+bps&8;UaSBRSw{CUBz@OTOoV`{<;^ zyfaEwg|QX}lwzRgNts;ns0>NYngmJ*1B%ew6_EoD8H&hLP3*T#1fhYz;71EmSq_n; zaDNu8PNV+-QQK{>V*6Xuif z6_h^OtxadB)kz$}^?21-9Yl;Uw>qe)9)A;V6pW%M!%JSZx(4V&y;$1CCh*whtKl?* zN2zWz6gbHQ5NtuXJcyxc^Q)`spvv5ApJVAz!z_cwbguw8Q;QT}001`Q#8))`TW*O&@^`i}-g_u8vjPxd+e&SjFiXqxH**K7sof>%tApMT}4mLM2t z^5!b0JDcADnWuKGl=OYhYF5?Ls8!xb;DcZ}@ug8?FXkljpvcEj0O8qD6Af6K9u!tM zO{d0t1?8-zWy&7xa!o5@TRUM-%cbKgaSXQh8o`!FW;(bUZVm3J!ZGnK9pa^%4Y=0J zR<}C6o_ud5>isIv>pmR?W`CQ1ALL0irZvGvqo+*?5u3`UpJ`O*jY_&xuW@MBx|#m~ zkH^ir-YeVvMMm9}YJ58=PQ)<_eE3s)nNv;_tY;hZH1x@CF6`#_7-?H9b@QH}#EhVe z1AcrcdFPF2w%uf0MUOE_NfSoeTi9vombcSq*yp|{O?N{ZJ^Y(O5r6L{+~zZ6?O)+q z)58Yl8#SIc7gir(2E6!JCctOTwYoc#9J@Bep!Fi|_=R(OtVw^%Pfe@5er51vZ_#a2 z+J7S>bGCi7rZ&W8t;|sEg>Cf>u$m)pGUBz1V_iPqFWjWRsc6XN$HLld_BA?eTTY=0 zZ6{_)p(LPFZD?^IUVpSV`vZ(6De`egc zS5v;AuC8CXW2=fhsMHM_ZMasj_t7)}M|~b;8qIn)P}juarKU{cg-wlcQKsdrc~N&D z2OZQJUC`Z2M=X&xxQ&}5+Bq81f_0fSE(|=L?sunp`^L!CyMB5=xdu;WVN+D@o+ ztyG&@Sk?`CtAAljMZ8DCPXqJ#O)-2w8VR+yTs@8kjRfr*gTj|JDruTc3Z*mA?Wb83 z5ln^^=eFC1jNovsNOu~=a^#~=O^edX-e!We6@Q~?@&+-igKvcO(21fRCA~@Eq?;_6{OIE7Zn=C3b+c!3?#Q2 zpIU=zn^BesK@7)*Mxt}71w5*BG0fVunhP0K1}2u9b0hdt;8Bc8#~P_<&|fMN!k|@l z&iJ+hrbk3w36~R5Ht4s7a1^UKHHPyg-lzr5a0HqlTTn4Ei%~bRvUKw)!_+!de=j;V z$7pvlV}FE8=REr={dkW-P+%10-Ax)cD}JPm3=~kFT9+i6444W=$|Md)xC4-&vsV_O z$aq#6B12T(h7CzHASA4^MIe?YG047GTd2>(r#)9zI5wB z95dIrp^;f#Kdh9rJJMP_mTcL7tC+2(L14;5BYz943_%@+nn|?)Em92-s3QD%RdmoX zAk~4WRiY}^Y{?QYMo8?sjsu5nPztrpP0M8xgb_`$qN|Dp>$O&44$dt|Zje35qPv?? zJH5t*A#pURIUQ&zKA7<))P&oMlcZG4&gSiNK_b;;pi4HvIcCm=MHtm|jx^{=1{SOZ zs(<=w2%`X#g;`ED7OoVH4w<0@w@Y%W^nJM8^?>XykX}ab9$&VD6IoAnG1BK zK4}|Dp2hy!Tx--EkJ0C$Z>f5z7uv*pP3I$kuP~sow?1`!#LqmfE1Q-#s-PF~W!YT^ zI;?1O4J3=++(mU-O&9P22W>#LyJ&O^N`GMyL<3Uxim0L}wIdl8g}55&VJg~}BV0z3 z7-hzpiq5(ZvY#7IN7PJ-tx>V`j`=q8zTR7UJAeaUAmhq^3iZ-YwAvs`ssengUp#=A zB@DT773d+7IgmbVa3_sV-Qj#bDGSiiLy&2mouZ!W^{{WWZ zas$Fhq7+=2w9@hmKZg|I+uKh4FMo+lR{NAzdOr^UQnl;_gb6T_)aRNsU?ES*HBMXQNZGlH{o%ufBwGz3oRRrLC&tndd{1R^SZy*J`rZ zgQcBar9dHeHYVMsrIrwv5)&uOY${nst0l;&35mZ7JN1E9nnG--W;kEC*E2Q91lp`^ zY^}CFXjT+z_$)W(Del%UIMVr(k0hLE4PfIOIYM$(6 zR=^5hda?RJwkYri#`t~Q?XwKy>?FFnwP=cMkQLdkDT9V+LI zD!Uepvu=n;(AeXhxmLdCe>7>0tk@A=d#G-u-OM3~76X9dYAX3YnXcNjcHqN}r;_Q~ z99Ey){{Uh)d&PDF5u_pTkyeL&9D_vO7w5pycD)Ul2i&%i@_#OV`eJdj+ApUBO44@Y zZu(VvwyR0CygzfU*skjGW^~0!+TVtPk|-Fd1R9v9k}MSXep865YYmONz^Je$;<{r^ zPbsx8j@=Ciw_A6@OU8MOMKrs3FEuN(!tsEP#;lTK|nd##=kHmHs*3wcj>BY##+xwZnXHqXj~44ONBr?j5R$I+AI ze7%j8IiuZJM`*_}dMq&SWBnIp9ItWiHMImT=E|)VQnQo(Q%T)7#Q%9a~rLhgD=XWK$AB&xmUv$q|4 zr+>w8g`_>1SDBJmb9N-2+6g9|Q@A-BbNxvpTtyI3%$w3L)%R|1bsow`I=Z1W+*f0A zV?Xj6qnRG+vhOBiW>9DWDDfy4W00-Ib_2eLdgxDyEPE<%6M0+MXa_QCjYcD5CnH&B zRkbd%vL0iV9au2br@V5an5`EJTt!@BDt`?SEy_FSg^14972QrxLu&@bb5+$R^&D%E z2i!#&@`J6rml{WTF`sbq9w!d!O07ygkg=&kDh+bgkr%mRP%1#KBCrV*RK!qd@MBZ3 z^$4Qk#-#yMW9&7`F`@#xf;q5ko0V#6;MqQz3cfse@uxO3n4dw*fTV2kNu{$M;(sZN zTnA1S*GDQE^G7A?+u+TMvHZY%94%aB3F0R@2GVt98pfgVE>(Te6TRaFReABRH{9U+ zchl&5KhW>?xjyQL^)IXU8MdWYj>h8}?;X5Y5tXYn22&a->Xi-(JTI~8VECyImWp&64o^>*ZDj1uNB7$W_LzirX_x7@N2$4#iAZQ2JazS1Bp zTQf{5vOrFoNaqp4x$l!$UVlfUkJ`9RxRl%Q@BoUg;5G}woC*N2rFUgC5Dy>#<};u} zy^=f|#=W`J?TXnKD)i_rtz1^(+|II%8sS1s%u);uk0V#qE1lJ?8iCc5)j0|n*ItFJ z3Wk|RW``ETAsMVI8*uvOX7*DXo!MYfJ*Jed?`?_K)byQ>O!*bPD}SLWS2aY=uZ63x zq0B`&)2-{9^1_s+x_|vgu+nA!0Q0wy*#5ftnl;rm)#jb%H&E)wdm_G@Xc|;iBAa)0 z3|Uu(VwvfiIOB*-C5+MwrT!7w+G)8RN%4CD7YDMhYuegx11n;};-I4+{nW90<<2l#*F;6$n7gd#LexVS{P71Yk`@^tCO? z>aF>g$CjBZ#(%mx^za88yl2CK;wjiSc>;8|*)b{&(#kWH<4>JrF{q(!_>Cof179Y(*NUSgx6rSud z6WdG5{o}}|8g`N6^)B6orGdfzQVj(4ZKTIau~W%~s}@3ULMX=}l@~8|WRlp~+(wgv zkH;n)4}Utso)?NniHC_zjj64?+ok-t)XDOU$fhIdTbW$vq8^YL3XK%eg@$6PW2|Wa zu>x_xQ38Qh(_G*$8`gtK#zxWU-@|*`wxJPP?BpbBF79$rDwvaDSv^;NXFs%n{z4zj zVg6$ez))+qQLCvvPploy_S-whvlw3{m$kbqD1$``IMs{T>HuIYC`4>hP@7e4MPww` zEPrP9rWQ_)J|>K)DpoUB(`q1+maaDKrh8{v8MGN$Y-f{_ z>0fOmXn@;pf0?LsQZunus9Kh&T4W>CDt`-`Rh=zWi_9seORW)J;#AJqUV!Unrgp;$ zOAkcY0X$({szIjDHw?IpJAq=IB7X?rhmyw zA^jRnjmV_|z*6Lw``XzEyeRi4CHY)FT2d_|*wmh1(W60Yt47>=JO2 z+W06q0mM)zn4k&;<09Rnhy#&#uqP!PDvqIn2AMXZbx5nhS63QaxVtE|)L2!7WG&SA zt(9;~lN;P}BPu9e3#U5_>bAYO!gKngmbmDzHcqeQ3;`zBVPim<*27j@D1Y-xqX03i z{lmE+5r;Y$@w;35O6AL1<8kYaBpbEQXA0y1E}}6xRRFmIEAyiIQmN7`LC(9?QiZYO zWytrPUvP&b%F|JK@h2nI39GSD(<4(yX zt8YXn8?1LGJ!6IQ6`tqD#D5E8m2W=IHob{k@}dEZ$ zxL%f*SuzV-jWxD|a{eO4BOFf}&>LNz)N3jh-xK0~+DCW3^=^@1oLh;e`}WNE(Z3!4sF9~DvU~uFV2D(oLJuVc=prEJOBmxny)6tcz=^wvyM7=RcmZ@ zd}T=&k1dnG8%E;nYpa-KYk;ew1(Q0pRdcJ;t%Q4>O>95veTJ2$b|3X4xYA|+0Q0y0 ztZaW>e9b!Qi`Q3}dLR#mF=VxrD8nk5WpjI2Da!bpT7;$8c!@XdsVi!CWS-JizRkBb zzK>l6Yqr?*dnEzAKo8`;O@Ob_Ko4+Xy- z+Dx{q(W%!?nv+&|*ChU=V7ejm48$~W&Kq6M1#y%zL1_5 zfe(SRFG^g26RFcIkoN&by(^Q81dyoTq?r!UF_61E5ucbiSnw4;2jl;>jT1S z;^!>5(4sC4fPc8+I8o4eY;R%1jY`#hH7cyOZVTh3O&@CnlHHRHG_;IZ++Zz$tsagG zE9YWqEZu1%Z(y5!$y24cU}@E5ae6^|ZuQ<*RkDIggPV6$MLQwVa3cZ@H7u>O1(QaJ zRWvq_l~pGMRkZ_5ATox!)JmzMVuaeDNn=qVwFI?e4}V2C$kPiTHIlDPM==y2#)x{X zrsWT^msy3X>mYDP5shOl$D;zmlj;h(ZgB0Vp+}KGL4MParcD#T*yfK|8<7^k+YfEp?qKR*~a_5S!3;ngWMjf1~Nu<nWwG5(~H5#Ms&8hT+D5`EGjy1W&@Dx%5W=pM&1+Gno zCXXpDS(t@hEN}v|H=RjP7`DD+=9K>c;h@?epcg_bG3Dg~4P2P(;$ zFn_?_wI+HK6+`$HRv^ z+Le{zhXO>he2e5C)ZBfQpwa}!sGg*rQ{^03_EN0Hjm{mMsIoiA#oXP#z&Qa!BCt_^ z@)x|-D*3~1Myo)@7*`6hs?jqphRiEL7JutmqcK`>n@4&gu_@NZj|j2~rs!dMD-97R zbt^+vlE&hV7cOF#2K0E%m{!KUN%)&1^t1v*_=j<$?PS8-s<;<)G&t^$V^-P84fG#j zadAb4O;{YoQX+;kd+WHjD^*w++fb)g7mSTdeIdqcpLH4;@Bo|+AkbrQ>))LQGk>Mp z2H}eLQOSRQhj@ z9urdY0t%t*I9Hc^R>y8Fe70w&Oq9t~*UPgAlfV|yo1WekM3Mw0i)xdL5tnr@D#?b6 zT<21VsJNVSY7VRV+){^0(boUOkSmjsIfMvqKUVpBVv`lq) zjk4uX(Y}$NVW5;?d79`=L_JPSlvbTIeFtNc)l$a`aHb-iqZS71%9DX~fqcz18hV9M zMkkF&BCVxaa<7SODdJ0qq4*3g<;+Fe*Z4>Aq$TP*#wApR{*jF`?6E>p!I{sP=C-WI zxO2{um~l+1RHgmKXpVOHe}AD#8QrfV7H(~gSB+SMZB>vSX$TP zQVtbSS6ZSb&J@nW{-k#rTAA4Y0Mw4-OPBuu&fog5Ihu-Jo9G9jN&|ZDpBWX}E8JbE-8QSb`M%-g3 zvX&$Qe;PE$TB%9|%YUCO+g7t{w?aXy3ZScsp&+QibFChk)Hd-)CewTg+P94~;#I~v zdz!M%SXAv)=fpE9CO^IE+l|w%kIIQZO$QFs+etICv1cWi@ihon9YXx7C?uB321*b} zot5ss+Su9kO}5@WO17Bb#N&SI#z5eQ0`+XTTe6nbR@`N14}ZCo?q_LO1=Ybtva0Qf zR%JYLH4Ehjk+oEeYb`W0*WwmP*Hy+xg-Wqi&@F0!k|^;41x>F?^%}YbhRYe|a;h!V z>IV@xP+im@Ml#yi3t7l?~8!`(4d#z(_w{DGK z1&Oz^o^9EUgMT7|Mt80}vhCr~9duDdzGm30-mA0(e&#Wc`G9@&v-OR^u+kQz{!en? z;-nl1B9f}ra=)Y&r9cEEQC3nYXz{*B9#wFc%DTBCP!vu$)R~rp>6(J1QIJ8>NqP}A zCaXjQ>Z_~Jz%*z!@=qX+H7xCtiY6|FnAld=PU%G2ZGXkUIVTg}N7(e3wu&X(6)rIV zp9=f)rq1_f4UXbF{{T>}<_YW+1yB`5fXE8sXluFKKax~#<`vB1*90Ew5(p`|mrCgw znog!xC5bdU(y@?G)jFs^)ZV8BQDIH3^OBs)VxuMQ~HXh*?(?Z*40#Q`dqBlBsZ!e~#8uL>1xy}%vUe?6YvTnDVj3t$bJO%^otszxss@(ORq!>J^ z56Uq=Wn=EXpw>v+#8~|Am%6h?&HXP_3!uRBs)*Z_s7&m};~Skm<9E98OysTb0|g$+ zp}S((k%bv!Zz(oYi5;~ows{yNN?p!MqUL~PrGNE-*;kIqjcM%umfy&AZW&-h!_5Bd zt6~m;)1a|+X_#?yhqzOuBWUv4T2o~Ok038h!_qghVj>`OI9IQZC}I|g6$d2%RFhZ| zdDyxR;@&bOo%KVL|M&L^sS(l*QX<_W4Z53+?(S~H5sn@yC@Ia@h*6^z=~iGPM>h(J zgbL{U=JUOOy8eT6o!5EB19?4Xq%kl4HUGt=up7>pyfuED~cpWFLTFQ zbBmAHQImz-QDS4o{>_-rf6!+ps(#mh?-t}*2Rk1hnTWH3F1v<^M5{v@F0q9&(;io@ zf3@7d^C$9|Gc^isS>h0-%C4T`9GEXT8S_G~P1gNXJ7ydqB~=7{BPVYwQK+tM)t8i` zS~S)ag;>TWq(B30N9CB|x{-vi0<`}0(*imrgz&7AmN=bxdpqh1K5525|BY1 zc7DU0a~Cq3L4Ol%$QOi&P`^%a@`;}|+w(KTzEq!`*|E7_i=}w0R||=E3izKAl)Ti_ z92Jx)L9BIfiA)t8uB(MK5T1*&N}s43pEFo@8@xT2 z*^W*|Qp`lX9X($`qLhag>f%_HGt{L`|9+>9R{M{=GNQjef*(zD*Vcf$Q<8PiVE zM9MLz%QEgyRiu97MHX1nSpe=pzQ>ZBUfZr#D7iur@bJOhjN;GKX);mv7ha(^@ zw-)E8j%o4IOJ%lddQS5btEeMR7;I22+D@|_IrjQ`@c}~IwcGI}xSq+Fs+`9CDHZ6= zxQ?Ryj)rb-v3`T@muen0w#b*fFix%|d@=|oxI-*SlTnV#38uhIVpJ$zsQ zTKG!2#w?iGGULx;2#Nw{aJp`t`y5#?GINH_;ir|01rl|e;)Kd~Z7l&!4c;l)Lw(w! zbhLMtj>5%ZN+U;Y1$wx|6+Ij%Q7z%?i4PJN(CugX(rlh_1Q7`m#E(}1EmZn$LoBRo z>?jo(@(k{g#Q`oEY)oAw1@v{Sm?P@9>rel~qac6p<0u#+KN9h8>37jb)69dnccB09 z z{>_@uKO{{yLELz+r^(Mdh$0-?*CDCxK0g>1Vko>+7{5jcPqF(6E76YNb8%YKjh?{U z_no5{8pBJwOclLEBEs6@EB_u0Z_piP?Vr^Ud8;wqg^#Lq@tWa|*_SN^4%e)7va53V z7E=85?BbJVkb--N9rT&yp_#F_w@4442Q07&&EVQX-{8tg7^oxF}CUajO%>v+#34FBQ5{1l12K28r(HI@;Vw>bH%c=ncNe)nC(sZP}K z`ZV`BshFz;2A)<-)R6iMcE=K^|0~4$l+h0wl1KiOsp)3J#w+?$v1{->L9%>SGs$_J zWoQff;uLQwDeBH_X?lL<>Od-I&jX|5CQ61T$ySGX0lAR{?L68m5c^LtFkMEqbeAcp z!=i}f1F&x$H_Sgg#hVv}6PA|dCGWOP>1QSi%IE(Ummtj&uNJjF((JY;INwnzbHOlp z&Rjfi<~UHM3ibJt#1QC>HSW!6BWLyY;~6Scz@Nr`JT$~wbH1wxNIbK(yO-kxwiHZ@ z>kZ$lyb^JJ_Fj|-!uv!7Da&BLUxPb~phQGjYd*Ei164*lT6mR922dODMLBb=;s$dl4)WMd70saQW}rhK|K# z4eCeqWg#7L`6u|T&fX4Y>?|DpvH8(&DBpX16essJwz&K? zdUD<)Yk5c~{<#l*tL)UD`)6lyJ^7r?j8E8ex;Uu&-S3G`?znPK@3p_ESu7=5E&e_O zmSHEOPSF0Su3~(({y)4&T$7_2tjb8mdSh)8Npo{_nETpfVKW+8{RO%#eSaGjfV+mc zngn~PVLRb9knrT|mXgUoYyF7Z^wJi4eX_IaamGr*;`%V^fZOiozwXVCFdW`=TkE}4 zM(&UN1bKEi}sjsBw|Ux5~`fs4^va0fF%bQ(%zThle(AiyY7er!;vSbeDr z6RZO9Gk3pw;?6O&qWnzllv(p}$q!bG53mP56dn=JJtpOgU=4t|o7UgqUv`Y9G3c+M zYlT2J)~)n$GheZN*Zi8`)57h^RFV?_UTt_KZ#}^xPKHVH`H!sq4rEg zAN?kigvKKEAKkYm+}gn19e+ihQDkL_rFm`7YhKniDf|=p5sgNWdDm!TDMc4D7j+p6 zVGcY%3+sNZ(yw@HMZAhP5jFRC2~Z`qoD*~>G}j)KFigmkg~tovYbs9pHuN;*9wgsy zCrX9NONuZPmst&7rSTgG*5Z3E9w|5h*f?HJ&_mZR!t=b#&rWB^Rl(ySWM7|3p{!*gK#uWhXbFrL|CL|)c~N- zs=btR0c;T(YhuS7gq(WX`f%D;VHKT!a z;>UxLZ0x8;Y+B(A)NT5kZ8LAFH;SCa%E=rDPH=ojwA#4)< z+HGQYuwP4awe-WMF!2NZScv(d%RcAH&+|3w0y}Tg$H5r<$$t0EhS2q0sOXViHtYw- zDMji#-)F%9? zi)9PCN$SU~RTUFY+ly9yS4>ddOBwu{yK>A<5(~uid_1+ewqXEWq9EafgUS0Qzlv%H zBg;=7?>nYBb4k0!EWE1Ipjsd#fiH;NO|-ET&&g*Y;J(+hg)ZQGHHh1AusmT%Oal<{+GNn6e7 ziRJ8Yfs|-NTh0SNs2lr6@4lt=?v*BYFy_5St^EnNlMdAJ^dFK+)VUS7B?$!dQW8#O za?NE4v1M!0Vq&m`IzK_WibEto;>IQ5Q(lwJp;>)xMOw{8L)#UhKE!W@Oh z^E}9lc*vb2U5x83f;`tc0pd=I=|W$fXA0%2pm^30cqP^kEL&)$#Zb>`@${qy!K2po zRZ6{we4WV~ zE{%Tyfw@U-gBA?NEkNG?;hi+YMMJs_PYIgdTVAza+?Y~fJJ&6*4?!`u%a(!nM#U^0 zrp0f8>wY9YnoGBo&mLl)@kTg4nh*KW)e)KCoy;mlC2*rysok^7{bp~7#yI@f6rue? zH*9pWQLK$sTBc-Yn(TKo`=P2>jkc55e)qk}_bu;#iJ!A5IlH_M8Z9JUP~+#J;_1~; zG-fA7Fh`ltgX$#JV%z=R)ls+xBHlC*3Wu}`k&CAWJFQrW)7ZqrKAc=V_Th#5{*{&D z`q4=RVr7x0!E7W=KxKAW*(d}a^0;{h==Xf#qbJS=TOhyeRpRv;R((7kGam~4vMGNz z2kDHKW%$^7gL5p^^VU*8AMEyxZpJqY83O5z8~J0Uov_gmV^*}%>vtKuKgX5k8oW~Z zhR`3(B^*z5dv==Y^az(VqB--gZ0BqOusTKTZ$n8AwEn}}Bb-(WsT8h1dHj;By2fYD zEl?HZIKFGDSd0`LudjI=h!2EPZ^)%#ARXTx`q_Id?qM01n1&r_RNf$%*58xXKou}D z)EvawV?_Hpi%p-cJyG46C-(?6dh(l#c}A84$a~)rBJ+4a9PCH5AipypUZYvxWZnHOFvE;O7Qp1li?GBp)8?RDV~Dosv4MEYM;n~ck2 zwcm>>;qKkQx);{C$@q=OmpJBcueg2atURGvVf=D_cDq51)cKZ+xSU^R%G^w{>=QMW zkJi+Ajb+C@^kV&%YeM18#_w7zm&Tv3YO2*xw(%6LXHA=|=uVO{$z09xgs*3Ozll+! zVCzb1Y|r7ZvsLYH`54Q?4iTLt$v?XFujpM(KE`YDep6Vm`G}kS-jmBu9^+t;uRLyAoo8erd`&32 zO*IK?#Q)L4*mdY#j3p+%a!RembDd1-HeO8WHmhI>ldU?9yPDrEh2VK;t^VtYSo}B_ z@YhoKYH5a*l_@{W`rf_QHwBT3nCpB5_w;YD^Obl&XHlA{;FKS6(E6r^{hg%i>mf z#)F6#a3%Nylg=0Q-^z=oTuFMl@MG3kyAbIy-h(JI;1ZCyCm+fYtdXhN86AOXQ>NuO zx%nabMuHPah`(u>3Zc(+Sg zbQQk3`F$Fh@w}*u!QH0H96j2!!(Z8;p#i5bfkDakg~>G~u1K+~Bmm(IK`-eV7cO&n zhdq|DTmm8`)Z!IrD-N8>j&Nw*WItaVMlC&zTc*9t06L zj2N$QT?TeMq;_q%1}xN%;R_k`<{yo1QT{JKQYfH?UyH(DJgXHLRH+MI9RsdAI_ zDtqH~`R4`8^=(ei)R~<-^CI=IZ?S}covM5Q$1ucfh;ui9t2jUa%Z|)>6#uO^BoM>XfOt1}~vM06t_{Mq#4>9BwGiJrH93?T1QCmBSCxK*+^+GW6P2_B${}PaM-L?rySwE^#wGCU#qW~cIG7d2bq15H5wlZ z^7CnY_fS7^Uv9M2EJ;2wp1vge4J2FO30>&3eD>eF7}O* zAUU6?nY%v@AVT8y?2%sKa^XA8hj>7_73C8pm9~6FS@$%JE)kJ1iW9P>g5s9-g&?kH z9uhaqp2WKp-VB#zVYXSZfy71BTHL+l=Q5u(I~r4%SM%3s8Q)=|c8z2Jh# zY`WfQzb4RVktrGWYIJ>vMg^NWMlJFUulLTdTZH=o*&SJ05PS<|X1@vhgS)jXY%vK+ zBUD#FXTp#xQOuD`M5|;kKJ@n3CD3oQu`_+~4Zp2{bni+7uQdTZHR;nCpyUU!2@UhD za5Ku25d-G&8U~us_;mIuIf(SV@F9o~wHDe}%~F(Fs9^Dh_c|;Y-cYjn-5hUfJ^9~Q z6uh#SVa>;4u?HLnQBKiF&`XyOwGNWNwYN;oT3uyp8=3+g9_gt+n2MfRW{e1V?Fb6K zFzG!GvO4J{S>HvZH}7{d{lcU*T6x!T^H+9ZOk1*l8U5@&t>ck`q@VDQUd!7CH^3wO z@Pz1rGiRQO2!APj4PC5XtA9bbKTSoqI~xn|Fe$3U2gpa{8&aPa`*iMI*{Tt>ZpF=S*3kjwEpUKS>c7cHpduito5a=+ag@T8|6)nG{G~**0gL= z@(5Ddn_0;riFqK2D$mHWjaQIj9J}Q$!)An`uu)8=YQngWbd)otwAh{vq4wkr609Ii z%gfrD)?(`o_8y)Rr3dlQXsuvG6n{IglAfqL0E&B4-#+gs5BsG?m$tc*iG=muHQYv zi+67`HU=(d?9ZJQ(vhv#`NobtwmkDe5W|J;+|gfW`+NoY5A$aKc4+>?`$P99c}-LK zE9M5@Ck;~JO|=>FU_4KYE0T}NiYW!zD^^Lp9?44Apo}691addO=u6iD9UQPlxf3`c{Mpk#8jTejfrm~E31RxE?@W5Ph01E|~&^uWU z$4A%W;n-Cw%V*)5zzpxxC(@_8I+D3G<#LQFkbRPy;MyEt@yRx{V`Jl{HQU7evzD+S zie4{E{dx!c{VaSaHTkx39Ib!I^nxdvqkVu&fcVmLamZxXj$Tu<6F;?5e}am9#~%kJ zGsB1R?FtP7QN1roBd^OQHMOE_drS3Kih3EtyNAnw!pzJiM{(4K{LMbw7V|nNde9mq zpS1`D7%gCM7P{^*fz{^}YRV!AVQRpcz*?J>sXQ=q(T-2$sItH^11Bf*kz49)Bd;aC zD*r(nK!g>eK5QJIk+N;&?}5^NusdkL3O`}7r1K@Kb!r-M30J+3Io}@?3)5+bae2X> zL2P4Y(L!=h{687vOkA=n_y=${tPlz<#qQcvTBjt*$1V2;3r`StB;bn?2N5gAhx196vy$|Ud}fdl`@<@K*xdqpcG*60^N z&rxjJE3BwGc!^)O|x`R>N!IcL%!9>)CCiznlyy?|`|1me>QG5zQiuGCFsG`}g98M;NOTM2< zQQ=!8LY<_h8+AOt82f)Ow%H$+R-S&eQ#x|fW>PSb-E1no?7R_$?9Hadf-f{{!ZgC7 zk|V2>frQ9Tp{jdY#UB%jV+hmh5+d^evKHnggEFsl{WoI{?#Rg!m)NyCW-`lrqK&XZ zD*xRvY=KVT!4}b}vdr(}k;t}UocnFT!f`!A7$V->x?(m6UJoSB&q(VYEw_*jqt9@) zZlE-;PG>V_o?C|Ka)Vv=oz)`D5ye0xt@sxQKQBLzD;~hu7$e8mp>>s}3S^=-!@OwB zdB1jzc^FI4_jN&8mLlzhT%er}`ZS5L1;K$!hTVflNWL4p62d$Rt9gFOR!GeL-4(LhhPQ)R~sN)1;Q`LR9^9sltE@Mtq{0{s7#dm4I- zJi4M7>!~AV$YqRX-uD9q1sR=jv%ov}2QdTE)vPwH$Y`0bF0Y6S_%U2wx$EdI`q~{s zg3S5+2M|J^c`4uwhe3t@$)qHlA&hyB{!rd{gyvipkxhh`$F6CoOijwfvLZXuzop=B@~jy>;%~5Ylc0*t)`Fz5=$+~0cqoerE-X~9-sGmW8`dol>5(+<4efp zFu&TrT9vD=yL662zn7BnT2RA9{_+{&Tq{Z3kfaBklU$y^h)@mPGyDG20?))7WEy(y zR_=yg2k*o08rRf|$vFRPplV z32)yn6^XC@fZ>19l6=MnN7-7Q3{OmKLXrimVg}Taz4G2c^xc0|kP$fkHrt$ZW8GIA za#kKtv$(_cQaJT{Eng6Q#Euk4doH(2eVcrqGIzP2=!`^)11bcb3XA|al9K}{i%3Oy zZTLe8UKba+s7zzE8#2hX86vl$s0gV-50>h5#9%9Xr* zrM5M2x^8~Ld+bqPE-lUTl%@4_mzPZ-`+*WQI^C57;)B&7z>c4hi7yyN=XdjVUs)8! zO6X{$I0NNQWj#PfH-5K^9uw?IjMTA=k;>t>FEt4;FwouOa9nWuP z&L{=Ib*~+I%?W+ELm;1Rm%4j5?IoI>L|P!Ang7V^v^>o6rtC^{GXPQ(emEWA{_OHU zJfG7=m;62|;oGeKy!6&FjlZi9eH+AIm9KQ2E5%xQI>W!rCHP7r7d$G$_+m&qsJsI! zJ`Basv<>dAm=qh;bA;aNXexpKNVpX(KB1yF==@q2OO}|yOylpIivAn=y#i7@xALa; zs_dZdys7EmeVl;fAhZnP%25gH`D=y~cz9@d^Zf8i`>a_@4%3&(u0*PzvEV2Vrr^IO z5jn1%jZ4~|c)RXD5rwzRobGu=CRijt;Y~1Q5|F`T7KiBIfuEh^*a}0C4}u@fIrvHA8|h8` zd3&)56@GXOaAqeWq{vWt+6J%BGzWQ(w6~0vF+8BrY4|u0OjfVS#W@6V3$n36mwQBi z_Oi}+i{LD2|MQmkH2z6vE5f|ubru)QpWgYq{#Zv|;0BRmWRaC$Bke-@ciJ)Yy1e}* zqwJozz&T{;*9>-ua)-~z0{cTzDD~w58no9gF=-9g@R>n5ihHYi0s_nF`LW;#wR$pB z`83`%nsPcLFYKu+&S~OzjE@$EO00HksZhob{nM`H$M3wfM}sM>a#yXWP+2!QvsJ-^ zFh6O2G6}4|!MQkUQD5oZFPcPR-(#so*v9Nh1ioU8X!F(u{OyTufLgut%q^ z17~@t>)+Q|DfnJAg=^pHg0>V#sUU2sl+-{?tN+lA_!m3`24a=)BBitwus|lE8V0St z$#i_e4!A2F>0>EFV5Xx51Uk|A6o1@io7s8g#Q!JT4CHJ@Lg}od z+}+?9B8VOQ%jr7UJ?uwk_9EGrk#gHVFx#SzlkP?Q$6)~Mn!imDsfS$tODRs*pzB4; z+HhCo3!djE1CG&sH_9-h)DI_9;7Wh@t6$D4zg|rH#p;s zrbsgYgcchJrX`7+I~}HqrETGDJ?KGX8 z>QI~WWN9T-$C5Zqs4vq!zvXrLS{vRyQn;c6AUV8$a`Ug1Y61Uzh%Vgp56h$Xc$ks} z>B$Em#5`r`;~RLT$8{4=fQE0WB zjPfLGIBD3{&ndA#1U&T%(qm^$XR}FDY-4GjWz-pbH{HjtA|Mz@mvfn6#rj~I`@mwNS3qv0liaKR%lz-KL_t2E? zm8?wGW54!Fy_Nl{f3iOzT@XaS%$hnu-1Hc=WU~VLeknD)fi#5WU=|@j%fFHw7jpey zU)(>VOdiGRJy{6g{kVq3f}b5;0U@xki1VgqiOY<`i+fQkb^mbzW(hyO6wv1?USY#-Uc=+)Zy}kA7PAp7g0E zYMD2THE+-aRmivSvi4|>B*X^?6Vkz~Ir@6*UrRJ~`V)Q!LcT^DX(T&WY<%ug=p_1P z%}FYH<@`+gcr9M`($XE3bqDS#jx;6$;ZelV+gMl^a&r{p^ZEGJn-k_M?p(G{I7M@* znh~`OwmpF{7iS0_?^V0X$y8PGh7cz`t#>e3Nht4Shx!^Zhdupm5*|mt zfmK>d$j!%0Kw?uaf$AI8a0pOqdtGO-_L#2j>^mDSexKzR>*vDKJueQ`w{oZf!dt(vIUEw%fBw2r%Z z8OH{gGIoJyF9KVA*79Cg9w{jPhsR3a98)jb$b&c$hVa_X7bij`##qfl7a40c8C+l* zVFnUZ{Z^sq2di-J>Mx|9RD6YVh`y`p7;0ux(Nlx~lUTka;C3y5Tqcr>sE)uU;3PR4 z0AG~V$M)ThQ9czDhSwFa>R!k5)$~g=#Hbgj4`(Z{NDtYnW z&4&J4JN^`F^A-~sf9Dg5C)`9tyav$0Tf01Mg5X}+I&!}B%0|e8!_rQjThh0|&O$Xu zbp8y){P&d`x?ASvzhX*)N?!5r+jXz^uAAXSo>v3P2rm2T)a6LAIe}e8)?O0>CaYu) zP^j@K-pI@?k)pD%_If6BQI^rcFEd{TjW?F2t>YxI^1b=)0DXKWL)}0VDnE z0Qb)tJgNg<1HPFM6TY5zWemn%aoOPExkxazWjHo%PVUPS0FDUeJQl;LleN_q6 zq^RN1%X>vi+>i}@0+Z{ZL8P*%jxQ(3&nFqEPQ^93uA}ETgwyOB9h6%vDFn`Q?kOH9 zYoX#Vt=OVwr}Z~Ea`hB7>aMmYvW&ahGmDC^rWsaFr>E;?4~BkYoPw!Fo0#2wi7!y>n-q64QN5|t5?s)w_H7Bv-XdvHGW+05FX z)6xVa|G+EDdP%3|!Z)vIetjALqD_1UbNIhOc4gdK^pW5DtZyb@*Us)gJgl9)*Q$qH zsnXGHE5+#GN-T!>e-jN7b~D<~zSf*NmhSFhbkk0J!Fum{tJgz^QcvetFfnH+!6Pco z@xw`3eEq9!e=SMl1ri`jkzJit0^=Pu71Ichq{Xu z8a_zGuxLE-VM@6a^Xq@ckNhO5RNp3#3#RmSWH3{KW~W@bHVq+Makh7UKi~)6z0c}P zt*!X%J}ina;XdY*aL;7nYrQ=&UsJm^gfg9O|LzQ-G#!8CSokoY=e4%$m5o8>P?g`6 z_VJ_7GOtBHqu=2EI?QoDc80JMe&X&y`NQgPk^$f<_8HMJ0GfxcBq!JQ9_D*ttZz?uzrF+h_ogo$J zeG;^I1T>;dg}(B3mJ3_poAdNwRY*NuEbTrQcR`lV`d*F-cFdfcao22KQ?Zh zKW81dfvd0eA@Cyc(>IX9C+I<%6Q@uiit@m~3=LL=fNkH0gsS&PISH(#>4cyy8^djV zoC*_jqB3NRRYq_$DZReYkZ0K%r9*B`8iK?(XGh{^!v)6sh`{uDYPc)r@VH8RvE76$ zq5FU2oiN^q+t6YGHAfG~ywRN&%ADP?jnO4szU8S-Q_g;oW|8|6uR8>P#UjJfMAO5% z8gP>1vzEH8{$TZ8vgd6=%K-W0CMkXOo zWttas+MAAls+em23h)vbY!*KQ9`USxA~=Sr#%s7&NISqNEy+AIDhiVUr9$4J%|a4h z0#zjAIr+c=JQI_B!ExTlGUDef7yRzndTi4%>VwGv~9w+)W5KnUS z-lbq(i#QQ2#D+1#)kS=XW;{<7U$s)agIt>d2m{as;jI+%WejZ{%Nm{dS!sqI$zhxV z^N;5%G0$dC6gr;xEbtQ9gF<7Lx)3%}QSZULkaCM{_bnh(8~zGu9?_#=!7Ypn}EoJVbSJ&%-Y%#ocC1F^^W7@}$^#jivP1AEdPS_K(~|{2MT69A?jHshot$IXDkLn0ns{^xD)R+krO@-R7o>1g07awbdesR4ikY2q!MiG7B-GX*i?8DEv^q->U8O@oG9D)AYxujd+EOIByUW z03`dE&r4A6PCV17dOlJe{5@J|h%36}Ym%|MKS}S?F+ZNY(ePY1_}Pu>KZfR{G)OM? zm}9JgQN`)5&sW+0TKy}-;NQ*M5mBpsi+*GR)h;fLdjHp6$gH9fV zEbR2NEbH5icI5>*zVrZzbAgYNrS4~FicZgBVWKpfcW2}@n6DT> zN!;q%J|Hujx?DB&w*qKTpKd07FT*Lo<*$1f?=H1#&yr}h@3q3BL z6HhqE}Yv-K@q#{I1>~ zh**?ac-mk!GqDSHf1=0^s|gr`GD|2}A8KD?D|IUc`46S_;iyXI!A5Yu!7(Jm`f555 zu~GSZj-d)Z5mzD5T?H8b?7TE=!u;FI`QP&sNqMs;T`=E3_)CO_xqf}YKum%QH1yTu zQw9rpaD`cUvHhl-mY{x2D}8#=2gXsT2|VMN^~B^ES1=cWt+NlzoWh0A#hUF|gH+u1 zaHgc>zRPb+fSZ+X4XE0qO_Skt-tARKIPa!FLtuQ{#zK^q6w>8`DJ`?h6f?@RwTCn>shq1|cv%DEPR0Y>xItw7lc>R)?Ktlz|PMJvzA58%irT_5#a8lwe z8a=A;roLtLccLv(7{Z77s|inP$(9hj=bgB;bx^gZOrvNcgmAHyQa0S!(7mbG)pq3Q zNX3rtmxV*At_|+q{b9_Txe9H*M=567LT`n?j0@p@qy1Z+^9pn;w15M_DzIU5iT@oGGI7qq2CAb8%7`6h}RDcVGZ zZSq;jVipG=097ka3$Z_C?C>HXsCPDBLWj0>mo?AW@LZfMsc4Y3g2^C!2*8tu8ii{x zv>|9L1vo50$4wo0r516B>6%ssJqu&f;oIYfNxU^t=QTn6d$1N2!8p(_(u<0KBZT1^wp<%{O8Ge8&zAtf2B2$U2AquIJx zuiv2ZZg5oX#n%F4VBkq1AO1{{U};zR#+g$J+`rQ) z3xSx9`#myc9aRfXn0|4WCh=?sg+wx6M`JOH5}{6EZo@PyYA*HxP8hf4j^r%=(eF&+ z2Zoyc06q3|5fr*>lUl=Yk{Fp=4e|ndx2_41K`XrI*8uqao=+{9O+Qn@Bq|RoF%Uz9 zDMp_HfG#HnQmJNmdGU#^Yj8>ZoV9@rb^-8#!`S;LH-Eyx>Dpj3uNOz1P=ikhd{HuT zN&B=C?Cq6J4%qRo#_E|%Xk-iWFLj~%m1Ve=WI)4n()Xp21wP~$Pu_2tW^ zChr+!>Hy;uTtF+Mq-xfNu9eu!3kJVb+D}BHS@@dj1x8a)7Tf_s+&J_#9>hFZrKI-6 zGQP8sBmSS;um!)*is_QBU07lj2dD;D{mAHwO!BQh`3&rHml;XT{et?}woxf~B6dnY zAU7h3-*JyySgP?(E73`fjpebGnq3&;=*hb+pY-ppJ%%gtVwi<{7N-$)MB2RI3=@b zMixDYIf|GLw^PAS3h|uGaPepU2b^tN@AO^_T6*;#-b0>d4iNaG&05RhIK1}ey#X$C z<*&liz>mlJQvO2|P?5!X((5Gyk%oN4z7&&ze6$QWq_T?MaY!OS#r7znz9-(TwrJhk zlk5yg7+`j%YqCeE~P=w19c0}=nIdk+x-7!&<_?@sJkCzP(h?=(>lNKA z8PDDT$Xz{p<;|YG@a=8iIEOEA z?j^A#l&`kgzc4gUDL!)U>0VyFI+E>$y+_QGVcI-G>|a?t6oI{5&ssCBX;{-2KsFVi z!x&bUz{EU-tEbz!as@ue`t8N0qwS8`YpyN5UKl;P(Mz-opJd1CCs~|MV~)lk1tpoq z0OZYH1ps) z;V8?rp2l+-Q2($C)hgvRi`W*O2aBw;O%k(pvh1v-j_|I@KkjdhlFS4{0Q#E3KC3iv z1ouux19mg1 zj{9(qg~-xrz4iR1o3N#IfdOk~Ul-_~m5;;Fz?UDtVK7TiUfqL8<17h7l&P|wrCa`y z6MJCSx5{UjV}%S#)jXUacJ-WP$H;s~ZIlfEl@Q}EcQ*q*ul%POkh8MMr-sx?&xbS# ze@R&doo*Hv&Wm7W2XPqSy0GuCX!|JFKNi~8i^@)&W-M;*Pd)K4O14;) zT0K=?enhsXBNj?6aWcBJC17SyZRr8_m=_G^D=r%4$~Bk`Bf*a@s$wfPk!0!*3k#%& z=!a?76Vw?v(%9L0i(8J-d3)4`(X|%M26SfsbNpj8E2s%nvm9$1h|}cSA>9#%x`uL` zb}lLVJFwOsd* z)NA9^T5ZbgZ#vx-d8P*D??^zB05NY!AahB5xQnn;0$@}jfY)2WBo1zjheDc20*T@( z`X;+53?7WzC~^Vj!9Y4tzm*TO&;me2Kr&OtW=>kfdNAL;n;*vOq_=^ppx)K57|b*E z#~WUl8@xZ7DhULGaZhcQdFs(s2^T=qr9rFitEmM)nS#*GcD9~?fY46{hZzZMJQ_ZD(d^-F6zP1yI(w4y|A?h-Y46V5hdeaUz^^sJyc?FMPL(z0S6 zYFjpwY4r4VeE?AN?zc;Zi<9-OLDOc9U*O8tZJuw=OKf^OzAD)3+SbWaCh5i98y;uRw6MZr}a-3i)xsUlhZkN{2d8QF*ta z6!P0|0vh$90`~ZhDdEVa*>AYgXDGnOhyei|_ReSI}Mgl|-{9`m^JNlc|oRuC;yg~~)jYfFF>;)uK77T|AvU27|LW|!B( zvj4Ud|2LuO!ZPYs)c6?9eimaU|5X)qG#lhjbUZl6HV$_}UeqgBoqe=e(L1k1YsR!8 zzJieOCqe`Fj*h3wS+G|(8|$wI1w)^I(H{1G405xKar$>abNBVvQpI}@zWJMa{=_h9V&cxf^LDlkYXeM^-ENtGDOvXOe6Bu>ae=xAHkKhf|9;ff{tj9`t z#E<9I?ALV@aNOANu$CPGt)V zJVw$Ts6#}4W4XHl8M^q{rQ0=$I`RODLi)?btQ_Q8K%SRK)(Zp*uXt09x%C-L2ge_` zW^vrr7*VZZXfJ#Jj(<46dzrj{vO8wbr*YXz+fXf4OdZm10Q;uVE3Ed?x%4bOB4fF0 zciGG0zI7z@s;_!A>4tK+GMn@Xja~B?0%?lRhbJ~hbl{tRV{n!8Ch zN?gKuLP)i3gl%!x);S`Ep&X7Abtn+e^4v~5*`g83n3rd9UxU&cR{WNgsRqQIEX+zP zv9B96Jm>DGqD66J9oYXjAKv~JvlKn%OxiM*#oD4rY4s3Y3mjMIiLI>pWVWsNw$${c z_P6oN+0v*BpjjrK1&a==)>~L0vkx&!ufk~?; zVzXg0UFH7#{{Ry~?7qk-*H%|sIlO0`XKofPOoGo5;6@ZRm1H_KkTOsy-QP>xZ6Xs$ zR3*ZZd~u|$8keqtl)CTG#*?MQ&3Iqa2jMu6WeNID%CfsVm z_7z&?$hv?0#dzrYL7sYM?~?oKKjOCp;>xD9M(LD;s^n02oA! z=(RC-@xuf9D8^Yw>N&`ND5Z4N;#iZ3IFs94YU@NrxnvP)tx2iVafWq_R=T>k{*maB zbxq`wZj)ZqZoW0d2X^wU$1LjwxJC`BzLb~Tyr+LCklVemuc0^6Ur&`FY}6762UFmG z#a#85O5EOLKEBdQf-7C12&9O$q!=KV*f?)q-&wwuJ! zGFael2stvIB9yJ)tU9jSs&#);YIVU3VkMJPfi!r*`D zAP{>^s9VmF)b?8Iy9#$+yt4kfBZ>;BAINtM#n9 zI#hB00IM?llrvU9mnVxYRVJufsAQ%vLTU>EoeYy}-`Q2pv7qKHA+}5R)zv^26$&aI zWlR?qqF{{5g6&I5J2nFWLuO_-CiQ>Tq64Z$b*e>U5-5nbHANSrqS~>Gj4Icv)Lx1+ zB1444qU0&w(YoLLDGMtGx!S5 zYz`bLt*-H)IQW$2Dwa*DTar#28r*DR^v;83QG+qe@->o4SbjSAByfX}2Zrp#z^79q8Bu$JXsdYwKrT+jS7aeDV4*vkMyuw@y5rtLV z-%hq;plLwH`d5&s%N5wblkJGf2re{?2p20V}-Om32baz{mb~qvrDlf{kB5o~F z#=5Uss-%*Hwj|qbUs5p#4ER%9RMR?}>NX_y8dPUZZ53I_CdS?naK?YN{)>4Jg-%+3 z?7soD+$>QTnRQ8XWwv*v+8H5{HRi(h4aOV4BwbjN*fwnbwLZ-*Qn^n4jbm-(m zbNZ*aP6B+-%wc zMj?m_dxh>O9Z`21X$H}X#%u^;*CZT*iuBztaW?CxZTB0EKCG*$w2LlzfNx0kBZf?&$AOr@A`jG z*)Th}?5u3EDb%;+aa(;G>Rs1R>OZxf7}6;N7}*PI1x4)F&kEG*a4h{JcNyUmI-X2} zP(Ni+Q75QA<9k8jNf)ipr}{?W_er_j#L>YQjWvsFZ-#%s@EO;UgLY$;B-g7$2GZFb zCiXS-f2aDEJgFj1V-fhZ1!yg49MqRUvaSCY|Lr7g`;UrqZb6R?9xv<-ujd3E!RoiLk8I+ZE@>=P!q<&)+3d9 zo}u*y`>20zHv5Mu6q{^g&@jEjT!tr=ZYl0$?3RX}-=cL{E&kP$waTyFZ%giyU9R)? zGDgOHEUDtYtVOifujsqU_uVoL*5D|XKuORn4T)RZ*;W0v(`mij^>l z3k&fkrtwwx9cQ}JL(gtHFHl{R&nhfy8kZrMY5;#@m3i~I`GFm^?7IH|TG+ov+%D2| zo=4LjgkgIz#}46GUrqF*)n{pU5tQ0MM!)A{k`Kn3v{lgosI$%>d|yff(TJWui)Fn2Ze2$Sa22Qc0X2i6y785 zW-@=m%mk6LfHaeu*kNjD@Dq~~-|hO3PGFn3UM*f%^CNdM+)`h-lEms@E9yI)v>Uh| zZ#svHL1I4<+g~!@LoU;KHr4Skxl8i{BkdKT8CjKC0mMj8JZj=X2rD5C&X&|hN(Zuu z6xt+7G=?a_ta3Itv7rNUJulPU7k4)GH@kndWP&dm>l$^p!(ey}>tE`PuTb6W;frGt zmAy?)0Rq4&x0sG5nCKl#an$x7yWA?H7iCbFwU*q;<4FBS^#MaVa{eo|>qR$PM;PE_Ys>zl5s(Kg{xJrF{Ky}W-` zz3xvc^*>DX1lmBG-P#7-$TcF7`bu*C^$748xLUK%ZGN5W+q4d`7|`TpZ6Ee?`zm*T zNc}(~xI~x?bfkcvb7`$#sQ#qg$GL5nPJc{Agwp^E7vigYtxSC>*0+1tmuJ0yRzzP? zIS2uY-pr=m^|S-!5_l;hmI+!Zk)wZ+4Vf5Of$avnNHz2itU5ef-GSa93%T0kujY^9 zQ{9-a47(W*`Geg>v>NIILe~&DQ)6N+i`>-y$}#a8UPx{%Pe!W%F*pD?*U%!2eKYjC zHNV|xEZwuofFIrbD;Mc*krwBuiJ5gpwX}x$7x)Li8guIIq#tyf6gOA~sXu?MhF-x& zbdg$?tMffSPL$2C+RRR)Br&mWWT?G(e!hzbQJw`BQ00LBzaQgXyXo14-4|*{!lfVwY8)#`qMiw*4kvBnShnAeh!<6i6Nc(inPlGw{L zA7X`CTJBRP(kuS}xH8+P?I3@@>P%RU#9#jam3T8=zyAPmX1?!d2gw^bAJo?W0K;Bq zVX&X5?&8_)h2@mk6Ow_O9>6KdEsDV$+nE+9BWY!9kpX5t!CO%M8Q0}qO$tSR5=a5} zE~@rBE}zprn(4AgFj&`C<8VigLO-`5UNe97ms;IU&9|5KkYB+ZU|xUU%)}B+V@rDx zx%x-1?Zy89ZYCV!VBcm2km@}vebWp}y+ISqrIj@XU;(#_PF3`8r#BnD*GAiJHq0559|tb*CG1A^AvEyjrQ zKl%^q0ySC-{Jy3?_ib5w{*TnUTLHd-qSb=F42|5&aavt7>n^nx{yBGhgFfBZ38H0C zG?QXiNERZ#i@Vxw_uFUM?o>$xqRbE2M`+BuJ%PB z;tz<5OQ>w$VZPjKq&H|BrTKx8_KNx!(VbU&)Vg$^yV8Gb%M@;-No5KTi-r|~+2OjU zMd}?PqD|^5nSm*#gJppjchkF1qq_F)Au__TD+{QZv@svki5}YbyUv@opQu69cV&G& zlx^vUASiYq>uZ1E;R6a5=juL=yM4ijdkm9B8?vIfxn)yeIpbIoeA8{xx{mTmBie1> zaM3o23}aHM$2QA_Xhrl-)Kg-1%OC#$l0^sH39Ef4);fmEsKc{>t3$n+7G!aJP6dG& zgKGL~xQ!Y^k^;xrFGS6=;*vuwa=a|RnHv;vF|#SL%DsON(;rLkx4Zav8_l~#u!xBn zq#AuqII1W(o1FVADfdidXFxnmSoYlC8u~BNy=QmUHgiw8M2tlsiZK`=9(%K+vO|DoImwYy2eFuKK6yDY_@^ zmK8>M^_G7Q3Bh#bVma51>pxWQI=V+3sEDx=%b*c*MX|XxkP++th>uTAo?rDQBm62q zjV1N|;2_yUeEmm1_Ec7<(WqDH?Xxy=nIt~fBk->4arDim={o0BI@4MaN?KzRG_OQs_NXrJ$2_2=s}!s)RaUk+xpi z^j#n8UB^-C(QPE#Bzt+uR3V9VHoEFLA9Z?t^bziMTaCPe=_G8VdnlS&@>|xP+v(1= zxm9@fkD;OPV9_}@Wzg$e)v_#sXY|90)C)CnSuZM(pR!#IV=X#IQ-Djr6XPyx7ubN1k zSYPTG5n1qUcN>XT7$a$Ad=(U2n)?f)y0m|8H6sG74n!Occ~{(Y@1(Z=geW&XN^cXK ztfcsL9t+vWI?Bc{ z`Fg_6v&ON@29h*h#ajOWHTh6Jw%eqgDJLWIAeD5U$G9WztuA4kso>QuSFWfe3L}3U zO{xLC46$QnqN)X3z5|sR7jd12$+uD#Y$Hrb?cgg=Y{=7yIdWKI2008zFD! z!@8k>(_p}wQMY@BV9v_GW~wYrTlaq=*T(&#j}}eUCS1mOi`1-Od6-_PH)=$rsQ|5E4WU{nJLRjePob@R#+Ba=Y zC|=4R?RMN|C*4={W8*`8yeB*vs02;}$FI16>^{(nDz%-Ev?IUiLWA1Gx8qnlU?$u{2n3lVME?L20Y{TTSnBGVKC!Tm(%9|ewY0>7 z-`y49zN6}%zgOHNl2(5PF-AB5x!b(g(J)*x3-=279Mequ$>%Va63Fd{`Iws0)~HI= zT4dk)K$*JKY&@uvG52ZwYu9zzy&jLekZ0+Y9q-}%Yt4NJ9I|frn}> zgmJG0uo|p8>*#;6phZL(C=2cuuatEe1pPyGHU9uoX&U|PX-uD8!TO17-oBa8c8jy= z8)$&>G6^5Gr12X0V=CC=UtfaWgj#aYw(hX3{KDUa9v|yH&#Trw8~Aqds)5?xGxyd3 zwY=4*^-v%4`@LM&$FoA#Zr&uHaTE)SO6q`iv9)M@gXw>b&#S<11Z3x-e&Js~`l*6- z-OY`MfS&yeUqS#V10_*w_6qrLSKh_G>U*uoH%TNqKcsk9>=l&s6-QBjU-_$xsl@%1 zGLaN690Co3RSJt68Zc=-oAktDK83WfwzV>Ujft-*^_QKH+tYySYnUf-uf z=yd(8Kk0wN8v8RQ)zUv!U99}(I+;dpQyL)Y4 zO598!f?3W{BRT%)EnhzR9l`6W2qW@jw|*7wdd2?$;&-}p^dz_VO=f0%xu@R&KTy`Nbvv%JV?C`ewaH&`>+|DffR2g;p4Jf_ccp@LDYzPiNHa{{S1i z)t93s{{X^k<`M3I0^;@bAF8*5Y0&osV)FqCFA`rr`!}zfhl~#tY!9-B89`Q#qpP`% zu*lVmU$&C{#A7Ji?5(e*Hox*+O-n{Z8(<}noQVg(zSBzaj!^raP_blvnO*0l_+D*-SPP_F#Pw4X|+j9(?hjrFgFr+9Z%Y8&*XfO3g zO^7DFo2-nwnKZ|#FTt_Svs-orTbBx35A>{&{{Y9l5u1o4D}U+%sSmCp{GF!Yd@RwE z{Xj7Lt5>9Ty`NH&Shmo#EgFYyK}MiWz8ZfI)zJFA4pte$$tSq!KVw#Uqb)9{L+6fh zucUo17p2g4V~e4X{{Vf9SIp%(*VcM`K8D9_5BhN;`$CEpL*;rU;(Y%A>xsQizUjgk zqfdC({{V`%fA;?XV5_&>btfJ<8_|gJRq;Q({nh3^qLfe9chX+t)@2>Z;QTAzeI9>` zzfWy+{94%emug`j(u}|T!QQlcO|HpJy>~K5IjndOwX4CFHm_O#0JueuQ`(P&L2=$) zuU=no5u0%oBRL&Y{7eNCEsw4Ah(B-Aws2%p7{Tw-39p*{S-EMt{`l(fqlm@7kwX3A zzN!FQD8Mcr!Cx8bGy418%=!AV$o_x!Cb9)jseLoCU57*3LIs`BODAi|<3GZ@U)TGi zH(Xu4{2OSL0sPP7Z^FKZwYTkIwqBZB{355xj=d9D*-}e!*W!`fqMF-3w(9x%{x# zIg;eR<5(|bd7u5j-OAg&zQ{QctbU`$4h7kW1p5Ve@}j*5)^mEjesO#vSmXC7WB1kp ztTNdfA4fsz{YACq9=Q+qQ2u`=zJ=E&^g1^7UMmZM-or@y>&AcW{5txy^IHg@ARgCc zABB2ftmgE(1k1)(jz4>9Klf`2_daAs7O$jz4F{$4^h`yJ(n%-Vpnu)3oe^JE`g#vT zq3mMFh*gh!`2PSJEDZ7A`-L{XuLL|HfD$`hnEn;zj#sVEtR(fmqTPQU5$KG6bqC^W z7)Drx8L6Rozu4SZ?g^gQOD|) z{&pk+eS*B)1sih=Wa9E7f&EMcXnkKJPuKSfrwGDF?odzPOMQPov5ro)vJ6W%s;zDw z4@_=g=8rcYJ$EDVEtDFk2BOnWsNbL%+*^w^?5=1M)v39Ee?jyge^@oA-F ze#Np6y0ZSe+&_QrHk))d(v2g3cM}WmWehq2~0**;Htv&h!@b565q1R?qXA zD#N^NU};}3zMvSvyEWUHrO0kB)l#F0C)-DmKHD7EA2Co~K4O!yjH$IlYL)hRL%zvwxjn8$a}>)r9}I=3xt1hlhl=v{B$qeuP?TwZb8b_ zc+;@1`8%@4Igk0DWkHH_{%_e`>o;X^l<_vL82Y1g$^FELXa4|L`>ICXWBzfeSvzl6 z4^p#JromUT-GVz3P0WCv+BV)Nfk*@~Cikfgd@4#`jk{|m2a%UMmRuPL?G@j=L7KO^ zh7#Ge>UDnrGZc9fKmIRdGuBAv#;5)}U@+5Fd*>2 zj5&Ytp_n$OILh_`dMj@>h%X6nMnc{b@2Z}rwzs8o#NY0$5KXXxLE#qngF-zm1c8?6a7C;gN!#={+}uG6$!raQusx?L`X=5X4&Eq60yI#qjlAeRA2p9*MHQH{{ZcZ$X0)w8|(WC&i?>$y?wc8i58Ph{3@Vc^q)pl zldA1dAQzAvhr{ChDw~g~ddA`jHuAa{9>DT^@(AU2_!=ts!{BK8!)lPu`~+Goz2g%s7Vd*%h_K_`d_K0{{W># zr2hc8+bD`<uy4@cxFNa z3_({GxUZC|#)jbcR*!#A>-|fnjT?DGLwovC4N2_cJ(LxK=tkqBb!ayyYx{X5U~G(v zO1R)dWnR;vbk*p+FrCw?%HNx~a(pX>3xDMm=a1JtOHG6@Dd*!qW~#;NU2m#&BW=vZ zqZo+PX+izb_|cRqpy$-RZMv@PECh|D7ZGsQPHubnRtqZ=dbxjR=Tv5Ko6$|9JYhE5 z9p>%IZDEpk7?q7nTfWuwf2I0K>0K#SWwz#H>drWW@TahSwc7*E){=58LitOnQS^R4yYdt1*rgmU3Q|;*Ur4p3{E^QT1fo$eVd0 zWim35ycu)uuTRvr=XKNfJ76x-#OkB@h{Nr#6aN6Ky3#0Bk~=5>eptv=Pu5*`{Yd`+ z{@9|L*h^B)&W2m`t^6Ckyj#t@kO^f(1=hflz+iH(s^EVQV6T{UF1^(Hnns(aQn5C) z(4h!xTK5#<{dLx1h(^l{t_8hEQ>gZxECm(d3#Q??66*f|PxT#?a&;Z{h|JrD3m%}( z+KV=!ZWZbNgX#${PJW)p^R~=cSBZ_y?mL>iZ&2#H-lsROy^zS@Sw>2ulBmjqwcby( zoi`h2Xr_NpE2+kw90@1C`oHP@$5)0KwpKf>y~c(*L!)rH;tgc|JM?Du9pqcys8$t$ zgU1T6W_K8_qA&uMPp^8yrj|%uzH+1=aBEW^O?6JA)_$RmP2{E02;_B*Mwrx*qXi$; zLK(G#*!2m&Z?N3Y{*+Qb_*9zsy~!By&c3ttT;hKZr?;$4i=d2ueS+7^JT;M#^xvcU zw0%pXLWRHF?G!^Y@$icycM)ED>)wOClYYHZX$#L3sHrfF7G!k55~CXtUTbH)-E1ct zjhw9vtMM-p$c%{ZuR|C9;B|yhB!&rCd_*#z`z>nGu7-mD07U&SyBpQ&y+Rg-I5FGD zAku%&Ar{x9;sX8kwe@FQNOsb6?W~{fB?TsR&Llo%AIx&>uQ|B-zpnKVWAztn2gYC; zT>k(lb|m|&F_@OH{{ZDdv8!IJg;iA%Ml`NKSJn2h2zJoIKg*31{3-=}oW7PCGg1xD zWo#dq-o8dA&@Duo~ue$!t+=>Gsv zbsmi)w#}5Jmh~c#YDTt4fd-%7{cqPdu$TiT*%(=jAcrIRn36q|U|7`8-)+Xvb3T9B z-CV%M3!%E3a<8oILax>YPaur~+m?}P_^zARq3OR`b)KKLO{nzeiZP}?RY_%0lIl_} zJL@!NjV`D3XItKNt=8fvh;6qLnHEQ5g0~GIUgENsVFVviLDOQLcPf*_zM|w!)Ue}` zxT^IZtGee=jKuQ@A#52S8ZJ2&xo>~Avi5tawmYb|dwU6?I*_oqy{(mCq|dWR;T5Dg zC@t<6uZ_75?IAe1EN|LxTGIV%^#sv8FD!Z_QjKW9Heq99UVliev@)l2-~RyZyCY^*HJ3XtS~Qxk7xZl>Vm%--zVX}p_dB#6>P{+VPq1ol_f z_R$D-@WL<=qNn&k74d{R9b_1?uwi_02Kd*Z{{YuNP=Biz{{Y%r%r1?@3w3$@ZmYbO z_%zRM;A}qX(fT$&Q?5qe=|_Jf{hELASC}r$#mgN`Nhh@9Pjs%ayy;Uk`&LmSu7X)Z zcyE3^)VxP?#usDhUr^2H^iAvD$I>c4zC!*r^AbTB){gt?uBp^^&$Qe~hAAzmDg`G= z)G@5RM};!1lU8+Gqv`(uO~$cwEsCy2Al}y{zZ${%tDyBA{{T^!e5`-5?IGKP>N@}~ zfr(plCb7D2)ty(S?S|GN9MLC{WCWE58v>+ZOZ8ur-RZB3;)E`%sRGB$ej{()J`j!%*K5E5B_C z_-uRXeP+VQXn~I^+MA7+a3gA}Zj3>z2&7SO3yv4giL0`sS>;EQ2N&3?ojz!N)nPPW zExncAqjIj++^F+?k+^?STh@!0*-`tbIMqaqG87p^t%@BzmaTu!!3XWH5s%z$jz5J* z?zV%6*+@63@ikfzBQ=4z8JgVu5PsTSSoiO?;~;(2AHIa}Z*izq0e|;Cq z=liCs``G?TJ=9G`r&~~#7(l;zzv;>DsQu{w07?DSZEantt4jP>{gV@6Q!J`aE0RqXX)e zL&FQ!W$I}lp{h4KcFIBR!iWmDm4WUxi)!l;mL1ig#^#e(UA*mz#>96T$=UCBFg4N0 zJ-Ge#sTb6JMFp6vjv9yXtqZ6hE{QP1W4k#*-s-sNo6~>(UAxGsPpKpT8K49ok*)X9 z8x&xYO2^eMw&~O1R_tf*m7vbJ9Jvb?CC6G>SV0G|1{*E^*=A7`qq|Mv6VN z5YcYqbNy7y674?{Z`|9f&r^G8{{Ta9aYsh(HN`h8=8ISK z(|x-C0BL_Wp6~gI9gfm5e@GtuY65_57TW!`0-Uy^;tq$phWmM#eq7{xD{(;kmV3X% zpo?%vl~=O$9*oC|ilc017`*jU1OxRYEPLqaztq~>$H^9W?SndBvwy>@V{xQnc`n4rFXA-k6c&iu7&35n?r9)P&|KbaHY>o1Ipx6t+^Z*-$QND{!vKs zRJCzlKXE76%%b8;_tNGq!k#47gKlr}d#ak`Zz{WY14{CCk=7^Gp%T-K$JtUHxYM7r z-phi(=f4WD=$%Rb0Lu&gMu*%F+d^9T*J=ldrl0BVrr!$x0E&iwp6Wy4UwsaKCi`d& zuTg*L(;x8NO-3F?9&Y-!%-otucPq^F=KTf+%svBp#T;h;>FG6VdE1J0PQ(Io) zgc)RH%Z)*ha-~{Xmpl7KK-?dQ1NK(pVXswrRC=pH8;I?SAALdGLu?e@w-W^}4plmb z!ZG4aDtA4V19m~m)OdnXskPY4yK9r_#5{k}9KD?DMOS0ftYHf)d{RCw{oYlZ57aW4 zL@q`dHLXj@zDHur#fi?eF_aq*zngH!(OeD$w+b72NG#3jN^?8~Xa4}nt0+<6QNU$V zH%M>|&^tHy-JPrV|E`jcrORl)@?Hnv_bviPJ1lrfcR+cXlLSLdf>OPc?IahHh%yt1o@^2UY4IuJ3Z~8UFw+Y>ECA zwP|m;xcM7@T6M^JiB6rfeS3IYT(S=<$S?tUg|8-H?WrUw#A*$%o>_L93k2ZAcF5Mkc;3mO6`A0J_9&fPksoE-iZ|0@e7v)WCc2ZBdSnY6eJ=7pP-(sG);%JL9n)JJFiL@5f zg8WGp<~o-3Cf&H&D35I!DwY_vz9ZjRY71B=s-uNe&b+B*+{n4vg&if1QQO2C%`s(m zC)VV(-n)FFq2NZvNmGB>OS}^BtJAq_)IW#BIjZ7by$k6<=0a@~Z;Nn7<)ZkHKfYNeZ<5Es&FrwV_q&pM0NF(lBMFk1Jk z-lBnu`fFWQuB`~hjGZfL_^2pnE^4x?m2}tOmeWj91(f}+wO*N$UnMhrs0Lb z9pKPmkgVW?BhW^)90ylXD=qGk?C6zGUHg;7)n+qAN-6lQm-Ny;EAN&8bNM+zZ;b z!tI~+UQ>UStzJ3;3*C*aZx0e{)h+aZGqp!Gnuu?yTr_{CzLlhO4ti%uklD8rsXPfa zBcb$1%Xa?&;-M+EiTBkb3ZUOINyeirw;vI&{W;Q(TbU2{#asUXOmyRv(jV`NMrlA_ z2cL&3q1>pm2C?JWMtltq`;9OCEwCI}yV%u-)0;H%#;3mKvsQK_=$P8q)q7N?^K{rG z?Qz?kZb*L+`G6y07~eUw{tk$zA^dQB$R)V0aR9qOVoz3xRTN#ERM*Q%pmp z8BBL$lX9y14a$;Ex4JkIr1Bz+I@I>@BAOZpQ2vSKQR#M2zvf$vAp2?$TZmk|BmgdK zYZ@P5zL#Y|hWsnX?!LF`vPk1^98gDc6csGi?IeHF5`9h9<-V=K0Ps)+Hwzk1cwteA zuOxIf2BW-B`;9v zlHb$X1IVxfyy)J6@Kx8SAk7c5w-#wegGUsuY=SV^SY<(Ngm<@{Pwgf5b*-KRQN{z48-Q~UTiH@dg0vp1x(^yt{!C^VELDxV7oCzu15L&VRd9{r1oKz0};T*_sz|f7)rvqtPRU zG&g%Q#fP$rvvlUpQazQqKFl0Yq;Qrt$Weyaju)mDewx4L6YMlWy6M~{`webSuy~<# z+6ElE>%V4rSkphe*ng|`8t>igztkS%TayGKM%o{j-BkUfUn+a|TR-&$NA7l?>aBks zPqDb6KiYsUbLB&5ZIwP}+8^^)s$|)p^Hz^90CDj%%tw_$jPR$+?LX90?W&jCAB}zW zxp)JIh=zk*p{d~%a(GaK+A7Cm+G~BpZ???+2BSfz&cyuHR@o7g<6G`7;QM|8T1|G7 zOdYI)h^n2t^AvgbgNJ|(C!I!~+Bbiq^&XQ^<>GEW0JK+VqWVoy>9uZNCW0d&O^zm* zR!$<+xrmyw>p^phjQNUJ3}o6GQy&VprKNpnesNRl!agxW?Tz;ag9_r})UWPf`RYG) z2hD$Bt@h3L1`7(SIH3OTZ}WYXQ@Y#pKI$tNKHyUKs?h%ccL#5}qxX>Z`>21aAUuIB zQKs}i-NoBo`?%@2p?R`iD~pT`RT^YCHOC{3PwwNYH1U&6wAq2f+#4;}lbJWF>8qI{ zCyhq9xtaheq}77g7E9nwcdDJWjU}|z)LMonLBQ1h;W-+{k=SFNRc48G>GLQ)D|5AL z^aTJ*EP~B&fE>UX*P1($2xNb{u*re36}PtBJW(KKEaU>rb0pAm6wR)!zWujM+&UXO zFQ%REg?P0V6|2>^W^KAh!(Gp?R$Ur_?sZC%tQcl0D_?WaW{;CZZE8 zu%QgnWqONJtPVzlCex`!w@u8Oc3588Sd8^~aL*nT9lGx~a)>s_WR z8!#kfGpgE))4DfNm#A&_+r@YxpHbE=ipDP5a}^_}Zs&O$XA{c+k&-vV#baU0=emkP z)7B&s#J-4C>E3Pr|S9*!guO~_B zQ7nxn+C^A#k*$J*j&z-13~Nqx+Si=}vZmLpVArmyij!Ex-nxIQdg{hKJbz4V2kJ>A zhrBP{Os7HVQGb!B{{T5AovZ6+P^TMYc-JJp?64TN+gL@Sg%EZqqUs#0w3?kX0!7CW zTv9f`pd+*juv)M~SilP%1;szgW8XdYq zwuu2_@irt-m)?H|N~vqB?7wpXzMAQTYFMR+e8J7W+6#Rz0}sjFNCCuZ0f*sUq4qDh z!dVE9@L)el=*0Q)AY9b;77QPmiXKiHm!I%Cq<9V14u^~ zc0XVuxBWF$HUL;26`Vj9sbBpgksAk1;vk zpGE!Khm(KsG=Fo@pUk%Q5mK@ANeC$}k}~lTNUTYAu<*%aZX$u`MsXG>q=q$>{8_m( zWOVJ5exBs^c!8-sHay1Q{gsKdAiJnH0~KmK*AYHEDY=nT>}vpuS9iMouv;i%YKcyUR&4ZAZ@PMep_zZk$OX^ZX*S*J)b_DF3BU@#{{WYe zf0RA-AM(WcqWfu;JOMkk6z1g|D?dVSZJla(EG2kv@up0ScO$2oP|}RkxiLMBRbnEIaFyJsQuU2+8A}!x9KMp6;lL9 z;U4Ngb#^h1wkH#6ky?$ngEmkoF1sOoE`NWPkK9kAGzp5E(|c~0yWeX&D2u9FRmc{< zeH{HY*8c#|AL0~wSF1?PKE`#x6~Kd9C+W_&{{WZ2_k~yg08e$X{{ZT-?j!itXHi54S65eKSO*%4uvWfT9IDQx*s{l<9F$g&z&f1| zr(L`}>fV%}DXS*lcOel;Cm}*tb3^RGS5cpBG;g9+(s+t%_8W0)yJM9VuEl>ThWD6- z#wU}F%=+rm8y%p-#7})KKGBwDSeLH_~ro#?@(MGC6B$JV45@ zR)p>xwTCJNS&21TWCmFmTPlBE+K5}6Gd8bc`>0!ey@n0MU~TqG2HR7GjI$3B4SQjQ zc*=+Jnjk%f>Rqz#b|M+J>#-5X53Xed=+q0wk&LxiU5^e`eZy^?H@>##Z*9i%CY*Yz zZMKh1hk4VLcx@+@H`8|eNjGthpk6(uKBFMupjK_E(&hBND%*e@jvH^=GE| zUaO$io~AwAFSSV^Fm7Ng2Tw6=Zz7FSHMJ56!^$(F?RMz%bopVHIX0UZ7?7+F=MiFm zw!8wZjcdWzXWR7W*+qX6hLKEWdzT2 z^wi3>RgnH+)q4Wec{dw&>CFT(r{>89&0R=R$rw=W!0FD_IM8-95r-=4iV1h; zR3*>EXvhXN+l5rf#+TCn05Pu8{{S(dVEWsgbq3OW_0(hsryWChKh8g85qiG$J}`U0 zto=ns8PuFC1}uMZxv247ipi{@E9%F^NcL5hbskw6eWX(TiuMWV zj>B|55NLl=Y-V-SBwCl1VW#?Z@@`yzc+(N}PM|!ymObPe-)6h&0jKE^5oU#lb?8T; z!+Zm&s}8l*MpIwCMGt@0I+VK^uP9bgaLS+>JX-3^s;6X0>BbYQ*RcY_S1MWdF#>-$ zSmHo6<(qT3W2vQLPGpj6hT?JYnstlB(2rLV?Vx`LORdgk^;!227|N>#W58FLUEJe{ zHF3X~a0a*9)?~>q6HTR)gm?DRJJ`1qvXGVw!u12GOa>|~QaYrAG`%vcYLH=c6FX_f zXlkV#SZE`j6#oGHsN)ygR&J-WAZdlc_=zCn*-fut{7m4W8?u{nsujlpT1S7gIidGd ze)E4~coFQaFR_f>CzVE;)BVQ4{{Zr?^)@Hs9_ljt0MChhVwj^h?MONqZ@|*#H{l|h zR;8G_>9cAk_VCqpFyejnPfA~$S9&vi!iOIdNqT&VV{R#e2@2>PG`F`5mSAlfKkhe5qliIs?=`Wq`d_APNMfc}9}}DXm7ZEHwekwk&-#B& zcQC;>sSy#%K}R@chE?b+#*DElizomLs&rIamnM(|HAjk=(Ov2GRxkps&Zx@V>Ay~+ z(-n;(T3elVm*-8Gg-4_-8bt~FEaM}=hc!H?1E+2X2U3gUYWIJe{+kB+C5~`zhVi)bDgG6l{{T<5&Y6d`YKtR) zLVKQ2>^CFjKH8z$Zb!fmaj#N(2IGXO?ld;&8_o`g-%PSU14VnDT*W%)8LFK_H9qR} zt@Qr?0E0*GG&cHssc`hq_rJ24Wbzk}iRX288tr1YTj}1X$}`;57W#jx5AuJM{{VPV z=7Ge?Sr8oSnb4doMY<1CCf59k%5Sq(Y~(RC-DBiZX?U2U^qyj4&i$vW@8{Dv=tD zg=s+4xb)k^sibl>I8|+3V?uue%fPl3G&>rbwH_wqUbqqs!Lb}gKnIm}lf?bCxSNqC z_N zR>Ko=Xgb%GNSTy|UkeO~z>3W{aMEVvi%k>5E5j=3k|rqXcrd`wnH2mYtYuGt&}{=0WVJ2?-Xt7RvP%6)%|OnIb0Tu0?+mB>{m18Vz16YaHu6 zf`e_<3Suvb`{=%&+?;S6Z9#(mpS0DnzBy98!ivjpRf2hMVND`!V*}J@?b0u5PaS^R zGwa5K3L9AZbN>MQB?kKENp>6`Wc z04Sd9X;^(tBSnAm;d){}`7iSQTlQYIz6J*SUBdaIVeFx_Ofy0~m8TEzoy@HC{g69DtJ|+^*u%Ozfynx9JBV-#VRUl4y{L5n)vtB z&@nD>0;#CgpE|7*99Yy4EuJTZb#-77b8B#@s~g+0s{t1S==@m6R8-VaG1jiGuB>B# zHQ4j6$Av{>6LZYhUAdZyk)2}}3pQf@`k&7nTi;OrrOtM!9;a;&k-lZM$_L4_V@n)F(>$qD%z^PDrFu5jsE`teg6QNm;6Sk-9vsq z{h2?-KwI&u%fgD|;B7`fkpBSo-``6wsg8^G&`xyTp8#q+de2n< z0L{PI{3@q^t#x1g)BT^qk~Lc1kM^6@;ywQWIn}@OPxgNbsq39z{{S@KXYioErTaMa z==E-O+x0ssYRiZFK>2u%p0m|k{{YxxeU;zyJzY(|bm03bA)Xb+_s2RukM^6@{^8Ts z`oA61{hz|BddE~b?qBTw6t4=cA5Vb3uMo5EH(QH;8RciTSE_o_fo)YoT}MD`;$PR7 z=BV{$`Hfb(ww?yp#J8y@%xX2i%zgD0)O0qdYHnxWU31LTS5`4MJnHC*$n0DxP&BE{ zuga-iSjZuTgbOvsmL+uY!l_+dSj>SHc7T~mn|nxL+%WM5DOfP6eJov5&zwJ%45 z&Frjyw?T6ZV!HJeBG~z*L-#^5a1oZ-wnxAsMY|f^j1}E-E}7 zwOaf#R8Yl!w9ZioaAk$M@PTN&b AF8}}l diff --git a/en/sitemap.xml b/en/sitemap.xml index b8c7fd5be..859983cb3 100644 --- a/en/sitemap.xml +++ b/en/sitemap.xml @@ -2,137 +2,137 @@ https://www.hello-algo.com/en/ - 2024-01-02 + 2024-01-03 daily https://www.hello-algo.com/en/chapter_array_and_linkedlist/ - 2024-01-02 + 2024-01-03 daily https://www.hello-algo.com/en/chapter_array_and_linkedlist/array/ - 2024-01-02 + 2024-01-03 daily https://www.hello-algo.com/en/chapter_array_and_linkedlist/linked_list/ - 2024-01-02 + 2024-01-03 daily https://www.hello-algo.com/en/chapter_array_and_linkedlist/list/ - 2024-01-02 + 2024-01-03 daily https://www.hello-algo.com/en/chapter_array_and_linkedlist/ram_and_cache/ - 2024-01-02 + 2024-01-03 daily https://www.hello-algo.com/en/chapter_array_and_linkedlist/summary/ - 2024-01-02 + 2024-01-03 daily https://www.hello-algo.com/en/chapter_computational_complexity/ - 2024-01-02 + 2024-01-03 daily https://www.hello-algo.com/en/chapter_computational_complexity/iteration_and_recursion/ - 2024-01-02 + 2024-01-03 daily https://www.hello-algo.com/en/chapter_computational_complexity/performance_evaluation/ - 2024-01-02 + 2024-01-03 daily https://www.hello-algo.com/en/chapter_computational_complexity/space_complexity/ - 2024-01-02 + 2024-01-03 daily https://www.hello-algo.com/en/chapter_computational_complexity/summary/ - 2024-01-02 + 2024-01-03 daily https://www.hello-algo.com/en/chapter_computational_complexity/time_complexity/ - 2024-01-02 + 2024-01-03 daily https://www.hello-algo.com/en/chapter_data_structure/ - 2024-01-02 + 2024-01-03 daily https://www.hello-algo.com/en/chapter_data_structure/basic_data_types/ - 2024-01-02 + 2024-01-03 daily https://www.hello-algo.com/en/chapter_data_structure/character_encoding/ - 2024-01-02 + 2024-01-03 daily https://www.hello-algo.com/en/chapter_data_structure/classification_of_data_structure/ - 2024-01-02 + 2024-01-03 daily https://www.hello-algo.com/en/chapter_data_structure/number_encoding/ - 2024-01-02 + 2024-01-03 daily https://www.hello-algo.com/en/chapter_data_structure/summary/ - 2024-01-02 + 2024-01-03 daily https://www.hello-algo.com/en/chapter_introduction/ - 2024-01-02 + 2024-01-03 daily https://www.hello-algo.com/en/chapter_introduction/algorithms_are_everywhere/ - 2024-01-02 + 2024-01-03 daily https://www.hello-algo.com/en/chapter_introduction/summary/ - 2024-01-02 + 2024-01-03 daily https://www.hello-algo.com/en/chapter_introduction/what_is_dsa/ - 2024-01-02 + 2024-01-03 daily https://www.hello-algo.com/en/chapter_preface/ - 2024-01-02 + 2024-01-03 daily https://www.hello-algo.com/en/chapter_preface/about_the_book/ - 2024-01-02 + 2024-01-03 daily https://www.hello-algo.com/en/chapter_preface/suggestions/ - 2024-01-02 + 2024-01-03 daily https://www.hello-algo.com/en/chapter_preface/summary/ - 2024-01-02 + 2024-01-03 daily \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/en/sitemap.xml.gz b/en/sitemap.xml.gz index 601f6491be66c5688d49c3d13951089afe466920..a7291112334bfa46048b467287f53d52bb46cdf2 100644 GIT binary patch literal 451 zcmV;!0X+U6iwFo7FO_8i|8r?{Wo=<_E_iKh0Ns|&a-1*>$M1QH9qx-s+C$r6$*oV& zo;_M4z!QHEOAgt$uYql6bL^$FsxR1ogyttKTWX)*y*s>NA{)c0daRr3fWgGxhVfMW z{PF$xrF!lj+MFCAABu6HQ#CQq-;`RGr6$YhVWv8!QIVO-g49)1P5rg%9u8%!4))nL zS{F^XdZDYE37v~aaAT}Z^a_J&)oOG52@w0(cTdgJ=VSADY(5o}t9D~%CI}-A317P& zth==8M%h`^ADF+#D$Zucq#-4^Xb8P_HoRc(EU`%DO%zGKPqo-TFBUw3-y{R&yo-#0 zviFegKJCkL&J0}cW^mie;k#wI+@&t0P2M&np~+j}5gX5pX^6=~FsShjT;6QNhC?%y zK>mX~lYYM0dP)1x1A`_`*>FxMjP?v<%`Wm~MiPc!NA{)cGdaj%5fWgGxhVfke z`2Owqxq9iI+MFCAABu6Hb2Tx~UzJ*xr6$YhVWv8!QIVO-g49h^P5q_no(^TK4))nL zS{F^XdZC+}37v~aaAT}Z^a_J&)oOG92@w0(ccDW9Un^Q5lX?JF3f-vHc@MqV9 zb=OwiDLae$1M~M-#o5f5G^7Mq4WZZ0hF9#JB^JrNi6Y7OsTTX^#eygBn`EGzcaafL z_8!v1r+rz@nSsmQ3~pOFe77u@yVQlW$=ik`G-V8_o%Z(O!V8*+st2NW$=ooWQIve)sLt0w^S82W$4i5C_@m z6tcg_-3%cYrwyE9Uzi0{+YhX(L9#q~DvjydGhn(d6Fz>He~3b2mMjynwxoN4N9Uds t4y6&3f(e(HS@VSY6632BYRcn?w5A5hLH\u52a8\u753b\u56fe\u89e3\u3001\u4e00\u952e\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u7b97\u6cd5\u6559\u7a0b

    \u5f00\u59cb\u9605\u8bfb \u4e0b\u8f7d\u4ee3\u7801 \u4e0b\u8f7d PDF

    \u63a8\u8350\u8bed

    Quote

    \u201c\u4e00\u672c\u901a\u4fd7\u6613\u61c2\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u7b97\u6cd5\u5165\u95e8\u4e66\uff0c\u5f15\u5bfc\u8bfb\u8005\u624b\u8111\u5e76\u7528\u5730\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u5f3a\u70c8\u63a8\u8350\u7b97\u6cd5\u521d\u5b66\u8005\u9605\u8bfb\u3002\u201d

    \u2014\u2014 \u9093\u4fca\u8f89\uff0c\u6e05\u534e\u5927\u5b66\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7cfb\u6559\u6388

    Quote

    \u201c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u5f53\u5e74\u5b66\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u6709\u300aHello \u7b97\u6cd5\u300b\uff0c\u5b66\u8d77\u6765\u5e94\u8be5\u4f1a\u7b80\u5355 10 \u500d\uff01\u201d

    \u2014\u2014 \u674e\u6c90\uff0c\u4e9a\u9a6c\u900a\u8d44\u6df1\u9996\u5e2d\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6

    \u52a8\u753b\u56fe\u89e3

    \u5185\u5bb9\u6e05\u6670\u6613\u61c2\u5b66\u4e60\u66f2\u7ebf\u5e73\u6ed1

    \"A picture is worth a thousand words.\"

    \u201c\u4e00\u56fe\u80dc\u5343\u8a00\u201d

    \u4e00\u952e\u8fd0\u884c

    \u5341\u4f59\u79cd\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u4ee3\u7801\u53ef\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd0\u884c

    \"Talk is cheap. Show me the code.\"

    \u201c\u5c11\u5439\u725b\uff0c\u770b\u4ee3\u7801\u201d

    \u4e92\u52a9\u5b66\u4e60

    \u6b22\u8fce\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e0e\u63d0\u95ee\u8bfb\u8005\u95f4\u643a\u624b\u5171\u8fdb

    \"\u8ffd\u98ce\u8d76\u6708\u83ab\u505c\u7559\"

    \u201c\u5e73\u829c\u5c3d\u5904\u662f\u6625\u5c71\u201d

    \u5e8f

    \u4e24\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u6211\u5728\u529b\u6263\u4e0a\u5206\u4eab\u4e86\u201c\u5251\u6307 Offer\u201d\u7cfb\u5217\u9898\u89e3\uff0c\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u540c\u5b66\u7684\u559c\u7231\u548c\u652f\u6301\u3002\u5728\u4e0e\u8bfb\u8005\u4ea4\u6d41\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u6211\u6700\u5e38\u6536\u5230\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u201c\u5982\u4f55\u5165\u95e8\u7b97\u6cd5\u201d\u3002\u9010\u6e10\u5730\uff0c\u6211\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u6d53\u539a\u7684\u5174\u8da3\u3002

    \u4e24\u773c\u4e00\u62b9\u9ed1\u5730\u5237\u9898\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u6700\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u7b80\u5355\u76f4\u63a5\u4e14\u6709\u6548\u3002\u7136\u800c\u5237\u9898\u5c31\u5982\u540c\u73a9\u201c\u626b\u96f7\u201d\u6e38\u620f\uff0c\u81ea\u5b66\u80fd\u529b\u5f3a\u7684\u540c\u5b66\u80fd\u591f\u987a\u5229\u5c06\u5730\u96f7\u9010\u4e2a\u6392\u6389\uff0c\u800c\u57fa\u7840\u4e0d\u8db3\u7684\u540c\u5b66\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u70b8\u7684\u6ee1\u5934\u662f\u5305\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u632b\u6298\u4e2d\u6b65\u6b65\u9000\u7f29\u3002\u901a\u8bfb\u6559\u6750\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5e38\u89c1\u505a\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9762\u5411\u6c42\u804c\u7684\u540c\u5b66\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6bd5\u4e1a\u5b63\u3001\u6295\u9012\u7b80\u5386\u3001\u51c6\u5907\u7b14\u8bd5\u9762\u8bd5\u5df2\u7ecf\u6d88\u8017\u4e86\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7cbe\u529b\uff0c\u5543\u539a\u91cd\u7684\u4e66\u5f80\u5f80\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u9879\u8270\u5de8\u7684\u6311\u6218\u3002

    \u5982\u679c\u4f60\u4e5f\u9762\u4e34\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u56f0\u6270\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5f88\u5e78\u8fd0\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u4f60\u3002\u672c\u4e66\u662f\u6211\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u7ed9\u51fa\u7684\u7b54\u6848\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u4e0d\u662f\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\uff0c\u4e5f\u81f3\u5c11\u662f\u4e00\u6b21\u79ef\u6781\u7684\u5c1d\u8bd5\u3002\u672c\u4e66\u867d\u7136\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u8ba9\u4f60\u76f4\u63a5\u62ff\u5230 Offer \uff0c\u4f46\u4f1a\u5f15\u5bfc\u4f60\u63a2\u7d22\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u201c\u77e5\u8bc6\u5730\u56fe\u201d\uff0c\u5e26\u4f60\u4e86\u89e3\u4e0d\u540c\u201c\u5730\u96f7\u201d\u7684\u5f62\u72b6\u3001\u5927\u5c0f\u548c\u5206\u5e03\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u8ba9\u4f60\u638c\u63e1\u5404\u79cd\u201c\u6392\u96f7\u65b9\u6cd5\u201d\u3002\u6709\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u672c\u9886\uff0c\u76f8\u4fe1\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u52a0\u81ea\u5982\u5730\u5237\u9898\u548c\u9605\u8bfb\u6587\u732e\uff0c\u9010\u6b65\u6784\u5efa\u8d77\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002

    \u6211\u6df1\u6df1\u8d5e\u540c\u8d39\u66fc\u6559\u6388\u6240\u8a00\uff1a\u201cKnowledge isn't free. You have to pay attention.\u201d\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u5e76\u975e\u5b8c\u5168\u201c\u514d\u8d39\u201d\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u4e0d\u8f9c\u8d1f\u4f60\u4e3a\u672c\u4e66\u6240\u4ed8\u51fa\u7684\u5b9d\u8d35\u201c\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u201d\uff0c\u6211\u4f1a\u5c3d\u6211\u6240\u80fd\uff0c\u6295\u5165\u6700\u5927\u7684\u201c\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u201d\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u7684\u521b\u4f5c\u3002

    \u4f5c\u8005

    \u9773\u5b87\u680b (Krahets)\uff0c\u5927\u5382\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7b97\u6cd5\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\u4ea4\u901a\u5927\u5b66\u7855\u58eb\u3002\u529b\u6263\uff08LeetCode\uff09\u5168\u7f51\u9605\u8bfb\u91cf\u6700\u9ad8\u535a\u4e3b\uff0c\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u300a\u56fe\u89e3\u7b97\u6cd5\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u300b\u5df2\u88ab\u8ba2\u9605 30 \u4e07\u672c\u3002

    \u8d21\u732e

    \u672c\u4e66\u5728\u5f00\u6e90\u793e\u533a\u4f17\u591a\u8d21\u732e\u8005\u7684\u5171\u540c\u52aa\u529b\u4e0b\u4e0d\u65ad\u5b8c\u5584\u3002\u611f\u8c22\u6bcf\u4e00\u4f4d\u6295\u5165\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0e\u7cbe\u529b\u7684\u64b0\u7a3f\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\uff08\u6309\u7167 GitHub \u81ea\u52a8\u751f\u6210\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u6392\u5217\uff09\uff1a

    \u672c\u4e66\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u5ba1\u9605\u5de5\u4f5c\u7531 codingonion\u3001Gonglja\u3001gvenusleo\u3001hpstory\u3001justin\u2010tse\u3001krahets\u3001night-cruise\u3001nuomi1 \u548c Reanon \u5b8c\u6210\uff08\u6309\u7167\u9996\u5b57\u6bcd\u987a\u5e8f\u6392\u5217\uff09\u3002\u611f\u8c22\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ed8\u51fa\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0e\u7cbe\u529b\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u786e\u4fdd\u4e86\u5404\u8bed\u8a00\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u89c4\u8303\u4e0e\u7edf\u4e00\u3002

    codingonionRust, Zig GongljaC, C++ gvenusleoDart hpstoryC# justin-tseJS, TS krahetsJava, Python night-cruiseRust nuomi1Swift ReanonGo, C"},{"location":"chapter_appendix/","title":"\u7b2c 16 \u7ae0 \u00a0 \u9644\u5f55","text":""},{"location":"chapter_appendix/#_1","title":"\u672c\u7ae0\u5185\u5bb9","text":"
    • 16.1 \u00a0 \u7f16\u7a0b\u73af\u5883\u5b89\u88c5
    • 16.2 \u00a0 \u4e00\u8d77\u53c2\u4e0e\u521b\u4f5c
    • 16.3 \u00a0 \u672f\u8bed\u8868
    "},{"location":"chapter_appendix/contribution/","title":"16.2 \u00a0 \u4e00\u8d77\u53c2\u4e0e\u521b\u4f5c","text":"

    \u7531\u4e8e\u7b14\u8005\u80fd\u529b\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u4e66\u4e2d\u96be\u514d\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u9057\u6f0f\u548c\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u8bf7\u60a8\u8c05\u89e3\u3002\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u7b14\u8bef\u3001\u94fe\u63a5\u5931\u6548\u3001\u5185\u5bb9\u7f3a\u5931\u3001\u6587\u5b57\u6b67\u4e49\u3001\u89e3\u91ca\u4e0d\u6e05\u6670\u6216\u884c\u6587\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0d\u5408\u7406\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8bf7\u534f\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u8fdb\u884c\u4fee\u6b63\uff0c\u4ee5\u7ed9\u8bfb\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u4f18\u8d28\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u8d44\u6e90\u3002

    \u6240\u6709\u64b0\u7a3f\u4eba\u7684 GitHub ID \u5c06\u5728\u672c\u4e66\u4ed3\u5e93\u3001\u7f51\u9875\u7248\u548c PDF \u7248\u7684\u4e3b\u9875\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u5c55\u793a\uff0c\u4ee5\u611f\u8c22\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u5f00\u6e90\u793e\u533a\u7684\u65e0\u79c1\u5949\u732e\u3002

    \u5f00\u6e90\u7684\u9b45\u529b

    \u7eb8\u8d28\u56fe\u4e66\u7684\u4e24\u6b21\u5370\u5237\u7684\u95f4\u9694\u65f6\u95f4\u5f80\u5f80\u8f83\u4e45\uff0c\u5185\u5bb9\u66f4\u65b0\u975e\u5e38\u4e0d\u65b9\u4fbf\u3002

    \u800c\u5728\u672c\u5f00\u6e90\u4e66\u4e2d\uff0c\u5185\u5bb9\u66f4\u8fed\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u88ab\u7f29\u77ed\u81f3\u6570\u65e5\u751a\u81f3\u51e0\u4e2a\u5c0f\u65f6\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_appendix/contribution/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u5185\u5bb9\u5fae\u8c03","text":"

    \u5982\u56fe 16-3 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u9875\u9762\u7684\u53f3\u4e0a\u89d2\u90fd\u6709\u201c\u7f16\u8f91\u56fe\u6807\u201d\u3002\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309\u7167\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6b65\u9aa4\u4fee\u6539\u6587\u672c\u6216\u4ee3\u7801\u3002

    1. \u70b9\u51fb\u201c\u7f16\u8f91\u56fe\u6807\u201d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u9047\u5230\u201c\u9700\u8981 Fork \u6b64\u4ed3\u5e93\u201d\u7684\u63d0\u793a\uff0c\u8bf7\u540c\u610f\u8be5\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002
    2. \u4fee\u6539 Markdown \u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u68c0\u67e5\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u5c3d\u91cf\u4fdd\u6301\u6392\u7248\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u3002
    3. \u5728\u9875\u9762\u5e95\u90e8\u586b\u5199\u4fee\u6539\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u70b9\u51fb\u201cPropose file change\u201d\u6309\u94ae\u3002\u9875\u9762\u8df3\u8f6c\u540e\uff0c\u70b9\u51fb\u201cCreate pull request\u201d\u6309\u94ae\u5373\u53ef\u53d1\u8d77\u62c9\u53d6\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002

    \u56fe 16-3 \u00a0 \u9875\u9762\u7f16\u8f91\u6309\u952e

    \u56fe\u7247\u65e0\u6cd5\u76f4\u63a5\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u65b0\u5efa Issue \u6216\u8bc4\u8bba\u7559\u8a00\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u5c3d\u5feb\u91cd\u65b0\u7ed8\u5236\u5e76\u66ff\u6362\u56fe\u7247\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_appendix/contribution/#2","title":"2. \u00a0 \u5185\u5bb9\u521b\u4f5c","text":"

    \u5982\u679c\u60a8\u6709\u5174\u8da3\u53c2\u4e0e\u6b64\u5f00\u6e90\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5c06\u4ee3\u7801\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210\u5176\u4ed6\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u3001\u6269\u5c55\u6587\u7ae0\u5185\u5bb9\u7b49\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u9700\u8981\u5b9e\u65bd\u4ee5\u4e0b Pull Request \u5de5\u4f5c\u6d41\u7a0b\u3002

    1. \u767b\u5f55 GitHub \uff0c\u5c06\u672c\u4e66\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u4ed3\u5e93 Fork \u5230\u4e2a\u4eba\u8d26\u53f7\u4e0b\u3002
    2. \u8fdb\u5165\u60a8\u7684 Fork \u4ed3\u5e93\u7f51\u9875\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 git clone \u547d\u4ee4\u5c06\u4ed3\u5e93\u514b\u9686\u81f3\u672c\u5730\u3002
    3. \u5728\u672c\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u5185\u5bb9\u521b\u4f5c\uff0c\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u5b8c\u6574\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u6027\u3002
    4. \u5c06\u672c\u5730\u6240\u505a\u66f4\u6539 Commit \uff0c\u7136\u540e Push \u81f3\u8fdc\u7a0b\u4ed3\u5e93\u3002
    5. \u5237\u65b0\u4ed3\u5e93\u7f51\u9875\uff0c\u70b9\u51fb\u201cCreate pull request\u201d\u6309\u94ae\u5373\u53ef\u53d1\u8d77\u62c9\u53d6\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_appendix/contribution/#3-docker","title":"3. \u00a0 Docker \u90e8\u7f72","text":"

    \u5728 hello-algo \u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u4ee5\u4e0b Docker \u811a\u672c\uff0c\u5373\u53ef\u5728 http://localhost:8000 \u8bbf\u95ee\u672c\u9879\u76ee\uff1a

    docker-compose up -d\n

    \u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u5373\u53ef\u5220\u9664\u90e8\u7f72\uff1a

    docker-compose down\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_appendix/installation/","title":"16.1 \u00a0 \u7f16\u7a0b\u73af\u5883\u5b89\u88c5","text":""},{"location":"chapter_appendix/installation/#1611-ide","title":"16.1.1 \u00a0 \u5b89\u88c5 IDE","text":"

    \u63a8\u8350\u4f7f\u7528\u5f00\u6e90\u3001\u8f7b\u91cf\u7684 VS Code \u4f5c\u4e3a\u672c\u5730\u96c6\u6210\u5f00\u53d1\u73af\u5883\uff08IDE\uff09\u3002\u8bbf\u95ee VS Code \u5b98\u7f51\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u9009\u62e9\u76f8\u5e94\u7248\u672c\u7684 VS Code \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u8f7d\u548c\u5b89\u88c5\u3002

    \u56fe 16-1 \u00a0 \u4ece\u5b98\u7f51\u4e0b\u8f7d VS Code

    VS Code \u62e5\u6709\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u5305\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u548c\u8c03\u8bd5\u3002\u4ee5 Python \u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u5b89\u88c5\u201cPython Extension Pack\u201d\u6269\u5c55\u5305\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5373\u53ef\u8fdb\u884c Python \u4ee3\u7801\u8c03\u8bd5\u3002\u5b89\u88c5\u6b65\u9aa4\u5982\u56fe 16-2 \u6240\u793a\u3002

    \u56fe 16-2 \u00a0 \u5b89\u88c5 VS Code \u6269\u5c55\u5305

    "},{"location":"chapter_appendix/installation/#1612","title":"16.1.2 \u00a0 \u5b89\u88c5\u8bed\u8a00\u73af\u5883","text":""},{"location":"chapter_appendix/installation/#1-python","title":"1. \u00a0 Python \u73af\u5883","text":"
    1. \u4e0b\u8f7d\u5e76\u5b89\u88c5 Miniconda3 \uff0c\u9700\u8981 Python 3.10 \u6216\u66f4\u65b0\u7248\u672c\u3002
    2. \u5728 VS Code \u7684\u63d2\u4ef6\u5e02\u573a\u4e2d\u641c\u7d22 python \uff0c\u5b89\u88c5 Python Extension Pack \u3002
    3. \uff08\u53ef\u9009\uff09\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u8f93\u5165 pip install black \uff0c\u5b89\u88c5\u4ee3\u7801\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u5de5\u5177\u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_appendix/installation/#2-cc","title":"2. \u00a0 C/C++ \u73af\u5883","text":"
    1. Windows \u7cfb\u7edf\u9700\u8981\u5b89\u88c5 MinGW\uff08\u914d\u7f6e\u6559\u7a0b\uff09\uff1bMacOS \u81ea\u5e26 Clang \uff0c\u65e0\u987b\u5b89\u88c5\u3002
    2. \u5728 VS Code \u7684\u63d2\u4ef6\u5e02\u573a\u4e2d\u641c\u7d22 c++ \uff0c\u5b89\u88c5 C/C++ Extension Pack \u3002
    3. \uff08\u53ef\u9009\uff09\u6253\u5f00 Settings \u9875\u9762\uff0c\u641c\u7d22 Clang_format_fallback Style \u4ee3\u7801\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a { BasedOnStyle: Microsoft, BreakBeforeBraces: Attach } \u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_appendix/installation/#3-java","title":"3. \u00a0 Java \u73af\u5883","text":"
    1. \u4e0b\u8f7d\u5e76\u5b89\u88c5 OpenJDK\uff08\u7248\u672c\u9700\u6ee1\u8db3 > JDK 9\uff09\u3002
    2. \u5728 VS Code \u7684\u63d2\u4ef6\u5e02\u573a\u4e2d\u641c\u7d22 java \uff0c\u5b89\u88c5 Extension Pack for Java \u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_appendix/installation/#4-c","title":"4. \u00a0 C# \u73af\u5883","text":"
    1. \u4e0b\u8f7d\u5e76\u5b89\u88c5 .Net 8.0 \u3002
    2. \u5728 VS Code \u7684\u63d2\u4ef6\u5e02\u573a\u4e2d\u641c\u7d22 C# Dev Kit \uff0c\u5b89\u88c5 C# Dev Kit \uff08\u914d\u7f6e\u6559\u7a0b\uff09\u3002
    3. \u4e5f\u53ef\u4f7f\u7528 Visual Studio\uff08\u5b89\u88c5\u6559\u7a0b\uff09\u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_appendix/installation/#5-go","title":"5. \u00a0 Go \u73af\u5883","text":"
    1. \u4e0b\u8f7d\u5e76\u5b89\u88c5 go \u3002
    2. \u5728 VS Code \u7684\u63d2\u4ef6\u5e02\u573a\u4e2d\u641c\u7d22 go \uff0c\u5b89\u88c5 Go \u3002
    3. \u6309\u5feb\u6377\u952e Ctrl + Shift + P \u547c\u51fa\u547d\u4ee4\u680f\uff0c\u8f93\u5165 go \uff0c\u9009\u62e9 Go: Install/Update Tools \uff0c\u5168\u90e8\u52fe\u9009\u5e76\u5b89\u88c5\u5373\u53ef\u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_appendix/installation/#6-swift","title":"6. \u00a0 Swift \u73af\u5883","text":"
    1. \u4e0b\u8f7d\u5e76\u5b89\u88c5 Swift \u3002
    2. \u5728 VS Code \u7684\u63d2\u4ef6\u5e02\u573a\u4e2d\u641c\u7d22 swift \uff0c\u5b89\u88c5 Swift for Visual Studio Code \u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_appendix/installation/#7-javascript","title":"7. \u00a0 JavaScript \u73af\u5883","text":"
    1. \u4e0b\u8f7d\u5e76\u5b89\u88c5 node.js \u3002
    2. \u5728 VS Code \u7684\u63d2\u4ef6\u5e02\u573a\u4e2d\u641c\u7d22 javascript \uff0c\u5b89\u88c5 JavaScript (ES6) code snippets \u3002
    3. \uff08\u53ef\u9009\uff09\u5728 VS Code \u7684\u63d2\u4ef6\u5e02\u573a\u4e2d\u641c\u7d22 Prettier \uff0c\u5b89\u88c5\u4ee3\u7801\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u5de5\u5177\u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_appendix/installation/#8-dart","title":"8. \u00a0 Dart \u73af\u5883","text":"
    1. \u4e0b\u8f7d\u5e76\u5b89\u88c5 Dart \u3002
    2. \u5728 VS Code \u7684\u63d2\u4ef6\u5e02\u573a\u4e2d\u641c\u7d22 dart \uff0c\u5b89\u88c5 Dart \u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_appendix/installation/#9-rust","title":"9. \u00a0 Rust \u73af\u5883","text":"
    1. \u4e0b\u8f7d\u5e76\u5b89\u88c5 Rust \u3002
    2. \u5728 VS Code \u7684\u63d2\u4ef6\u5e02\u573a\u4e2d\u641c\u7d22 rust \uff0c\u5b89\u88c5 rust-analyzer \u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_appendix/terminology/","title":"16.3 \u00a0 \u672f\u8bed\u8868","text":"

    \u8868 16-1 \u5217\u51fa\u4e86\u4e66\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u672f\u8bed\u3002\u5efa\u8bae\u8bfb\u8005\u540c\u65f6\u8bb0\u4f4f\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u4e2d\u82f1\u6587\u53eb\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u9605\u8bfb\u82f1\u6587\u6587\u732e\u3002

    \u8868 16-1 \u00a0 \u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u540d\u8bcd

    \u4e2d\u6587 English \u4e2d\u6587 English \u7b97\u6cd5 algorithm \u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 level-order traversal \u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784 data structure \u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 breadth-first traversal \u6e10\u8fd1\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5206\u6790 asymptotic complexity analysis \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 depth-first traversal \u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 time complexity \u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811 binary search tree \u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 space complexity \u5e73\u8861\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811 balanced binary search tree \u8fed\u4ee3 iteration \u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50 balance factor \u9012\u5f52 recursion \u5806 heap \u5c3e\u9012\u5f52 tail recursion \u5927\u9876\u5806 max heap \u9012\u5f52\u6811 recursion tree \u5c0f\u9876\u5806 min heap \u5927 \\(O\\) \u8bb0\u53f7 big-\\(O\\) notation \u4f18\u5148\u961f\u5217 priority queue \u6e10\u8fd1\u4e0a\u754c asymptotic upper bound \u5806\u5316 heapify \u539f\u7801 sign-magnitude \u56fe graph \u53cd\u7801 1\u2019s complement \u9876\u70b9 vertex \u8865\u7801 2\u2019s complement \u65e0\u5411\u56fe undirected graph \u6570\u7ec4 array \u6709\u5411\u56fe directed graph \u7d22\u5f15 index \u8fde\u901a\u56fe connected graph \u94fe\u8868 linked list \u975e\u8fde\u901a\u56fe disconnected graph \u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9 linked list node, list node \u6709\u6743\u56fe weighted graph \u5217\u8868 list \u90bb\u63a5 adjacency \u52a8\u6001\u6570\u7ec4 dynamic array \u8def\u5f84 path \u786c\u76d8 hard disk \u5165\u5ea6 in-degree \u5185\u5b58 random-access memory (RAM) \u51fa\u5ea6 out-degree \u7f13\u5b58 cache memory \u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635 adjacency matrix \u7f13\u5b58\u672a\u547d\u4e2d cache miss \u90bb\u63a5\u8868 adjacency list \u7f13\u5b58\u547d\u4e2d\u7387 cache hit rate \u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u641c\u7d22 breadth-first search \u6808 stack \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u641c\u7d22 depth-first search \u961f\u5217 queue \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e binary search \u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217 double-ended queue \u641c\u7d22\u7b97\u6cd5 searching algorithm \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 hash table \u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5 sorting algorithm \u6876 bucket \u9009\u62e9\u6392\u5e8f selection sort \u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570 hash function \u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f bubble sort \u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81 hash collision \u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f insertion sort \u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50 load factor \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f quick sort \u94fe\u5f0f\u5730\u5740 separate chaining \u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f merge sort \u5f00\u653e\u5bfb\u5740 open addressing \u5806\u6392\u5e8f heap sort \u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b linear probing \u6876\u6392\u5e8f bucket sort \u61d2\u5220\u9664 lazy deletion \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f counting sort \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811 binary tree \u57fa\u6570\u6392\u5e8f radix sort \u6811\u8282\u70b9 tree node \u5206\u6cbb divide and conquer \u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9 left-child node \u6c49\u8bfa\u5854\u95ee\u9898 hanota problem \u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9 right-child node \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5 backtracking algorithm \u7236\u8282\u70b9 parent node \u7ea6\u675f constraint \u5de6\u5b50\u6811 left subtree \u89e3 solution \u53f3\u5b50\u6811 right subtree \u72b6\u6001 state \u6839\u8282\u70b9 root node \u526a\u679d pruning \u53f6\u8282\u70b9 leaf node \u5168\u6392\u5217\u95ee\u9898 permutations problem \u8fb9 edge \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u95ee\u9898 subset-sum problem \u5c42 level N \u7687\u540e\u95ee\u9898 N-queens problem \u5ea6 degree \u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 dynamic programming \u9ad8\u5ea6 height \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001 initial state \u6df1\u5ea6 depth \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u65b9\u7a0b state-trasition equation \u5b8c\u7f8e\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811 perfect binary tree \u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898 knapsack problem \u5b8c\u5168\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811 complete binary tree \u7f16\u8f91\u8ddd\u79bb\u95ee\u9898 edit distance problem \u5b8c\u6ee1\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811 full binary tree \u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5 greedy algorithm \u5e73\u8861\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811 balanced binary tree AVL \u6811 AVL tree \u7ea2\u9ed1\u6811 red-black tree"},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/","title":"\u7b2c 4 \u7ae0 \u00a0 \u6570\u7ec4\u4e0e\u94fe\u8868","text":"

    Abstract

    \u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u5982\u540c\u4e00\u5835\u539a\u5b9e\u7684\u7816\u5899\u3002

    \u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u7816\u5757\u6574\u9f50\u6392\u5217\uff0c\u9010\u4e2a\u7d27\u8d34\u3002\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u7816\u5757\u5206\u6563\u5404\u5904\uff0c\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u85e4\u8513\u81ea\u7531\u5730\u7a7f\u68ad\u4e8e\u7816\u7f1d\u4e4b\u95f4\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/#_1","title":"\u672c\u7ae0\u5185\u5bb9","text":"
    • 4.1 \u00a0 \u6570\u7ec4
    • 4.2 \u00a0 \u94fe\u8868
    • 4.3 \u00a0 \u5217\u8868
    • 4.4 \u00a0 \u5185\u5b58\u4e0e\u7f13\u5b58 *
    • 4.5 \u00a0 \u5c0f\u7ed3
    "},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/array/","title":"4.1 \u00a0 \u6570\u7ec4","text":"

    \u300c\u6570\u7ec4 array\u300d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7ebf\u6027\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5176\u5c06\u76f8\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5143\u7d20\u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u79f0\u4e3a\u8be5\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u300c\u7d22\u5f15 index\u300d\u3002\u56fe 4-1 \u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u5b58\u50a8\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002

    \u56fe 4-1 \u00a0 \u6570\u7ec4\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e0e\u5b58\u50a8\u65b9\u5f0f

    "},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/array/#411","title":"4.1.1 \u00a0 \u6570\u7ec4\u5e38\u7528\u64cd\u4f5c","text":""},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/array/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4","text":"

    \u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u9700\u6c42\u9009\u7528\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u4e24\u79cd\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a\u65e0\u521d\u59cb\u503c\u3001\u7ed9\u5b9a\u521d\u59cb\u503c\u3002\u5728\u672a\u6307\u5b9a\u521d\u59cb\u503c\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u4f1a\u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e3a \\(0\\) \uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig array.py
    # \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4\narr: list[int] = [0] * 5  # [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]\nnums: list[int] = [1, 3, 2, 5, 4]  \n
    array.cpp
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4 */\n// \u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u6808\u4e0a\nint arr[5];\nint nums[5] = { 1, 3, 2, 5, 4 };\n// \u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u5806\u4e0a\uff08\u9700\u8981\u624b\u52a8\u91ca\u653e\u7a7a\u95f4\uff09\nint* arr1 = new int[5];\nint* nums1 = new int[5] { 1, 3, 2, 5, 4 };\n
    array.java
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4 */\nint[] arr = new int[5]; // { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 }\nint[] nums = { 1, 3, 2, 5, 4 };\n
    array.cs
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4 */\nint[] arr = new int[5]; // [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]\nint[] nums = [1, 3, 2, 5, 4];\n
    array.go
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4 */\nvar arr [5]int\n// \u5728 Go \u4e2d\uff0c\u6307\u5b9a\u957f\u5ea6\u65f6\uff08[5]int\uff09\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u4e0d\u6307\u5b9a\u957f\u5ea6\u65f6\uff08[]int\uff09\u4e3a\u5207\u7247\n// \u7531\u4e8e Go \u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u88ab\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e3a\u5728\u7f16\u8bd1\u671f\u786e\u5b9a\u957f\u5ea6\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53ea\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528\u5e38\u91cf\u6765\u6307\u5b9a\u957f\u5ea6\n// \u4e3a\u4e86\u65b9\u4fbf\u5b9e\u73b0\u6269\u5bb9 extend() \u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5c06\u5207\u7247\uff08Slice\uff09\u770b\u4f5c\u6570\u7ec4\uff08Array\uff09\nnums := []int{1, 3, 2, 5, 4}\n
    array.swift
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4 */\nlet arr = Array(repeating: 0, count: 5) // [0, 0, 0, 0, 0]\nlet nums = [1, 3, 2, 5, 4]\n
    array.js
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4 */\nvar arr = new Array(5).fill(0);\nvar nums = [1, 3, 2, 5, 4];\n
    array.ts
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4 */\nlet arr: number[] = new Array(5).fill(0);\nlet nums: number[] = [1, 3, 2, 5, 4];\n
    array.dart
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4 */\nList<int> arr = List.filled(5, 0); // [0, 0, 0, 0, 0]\nList<int> nums = [1, 3, 2, 5, 4];\n
    array.rs
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4 */\nlet arr: Vec<i32> = vec![0; 5]; // [0, 0, 0, 0, 0]\nlet nums: Vec<i32> = vec![1, 3, 2, 5, 4];\n
    array.c
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4 */\nint arr[5] = { 0 }; // { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 }\nint nums[5] = { 1, 3, 2, 5, 4 };\n
    array.zig
    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4\nvar arr = [_]i32{0} ** 5; // { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 }\nvar nums = [_]i32{ 1, 3, 2, 5, 4 };\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/array/#2","title":"2. \u00a0 \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20","text":"

    \u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u88ab\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u8ba1\u7b97\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\u975e\u5e38\u5bb9\u6613\u3002\u7ed9\u5b9a\u6570\u7ec4\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\uff08\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\uff09\u548c\u67d0\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u56fe 4-2 \u6240\u793a\u7684\u516c\u5f0f\u8ba1\u7b97\u5f97\u5230\u8be5\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u76f4\u63a5\u8bbf\u95ee\u8be5\u5143\u7d20\u3002

    \u56fe 4-2 \u00a0 \u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\u8ba1\u7b97

    \u89c2\u5bdf\u56fe 4-2 \uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a \\(0\\) \uff0c\u8fd9\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6709\u4e9b\u53cd\u76f4\u89c9\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ece \\(1\\) \u5f00\u59cb\u8ba1\u6570\u4f1a\u66f4\u81ea\u7136\u3002\u4f46\u4ece\u5730\u5740\u8ba1\u7b97\u516c\u5f0f\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u7d22\u5f15\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\u7684\u504f\u79fb\u91cf\u3002\u9996\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u5730\u5740\u504f\u79fb\u91cf\u662f \\(0\\) \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a \\(0\\) \u662f\u5408\u7406\u7684\u3002

    \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20\u975e\u5e38\u9ad8\u6548\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728 \\(O(1)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u968f\u673a\u8bbf\u95ee\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u3002

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig array.py
    def random_access(nums: list[int]) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u968f\u673a\u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20\"\"\"\n    # \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [0, len(nums)-1] \u4e2d\u968f\u673a\u62bd\u53d6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\n    random_index = random.randint(0, len(nums) - 1)\n    # \u83b7\u53d6\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u968f\u673a\u5143\u7d20\n    random_num = nums[random_index]\n    return random_num\n
    array.cpp
    /* \u968f\u673a\u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\nint randomAccess(int *nums, int size) {\n    // \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [0, size) \u4e2d\u968f\u673a\u62bd\u53d6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\n    int randomIndex = rand() % size;\n    // \u83b7\u53d6\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u968f\u673a\u5143\u7d20\n    int randomNum = nums[randomIndex];\n    return randomNum;\n}\n
    array.java
    /* \u968f\u673a\u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\nint randomAccess(int[] nums) {\n    // \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [0, nums.length) \u4e2d\u968f\u673a\u62bd\u53d6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\n    int randomIndex = ThreadLocalRandom.current().nextInt(0, nums.length);\n    // \u83b7\u53d6\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u968f\u673a\u5143\u7d20\n    int randomNum = nums[randomIndex];\n    return randomNum;\n}\n
    array.cs
    /* \u968f\u673a\u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\nint RandomAccess(int[] nums) {\n    Random random = new();\n    // \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [0, nums.Length) \u4e2d\u968f\u673a\u62bd\u53d6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\n    int randomIndex = random.Next(nums.Length);\n    // \u83b7\u53d6\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u968f\u673a\u5143\u7d20\n    int randomNum = nums[randomIndex];\n    return randomNum;\n}\n
    array.go
    /* \u968f\u673a\u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunc randomAccess(nums []int) (randomNum int) {\n    // \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [0, nums.length) \u4e2d\u968f\u673a\u62bd\u53d6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\n    randomIndex := rand.Intn(len(nums))\n    // \u83b7\u53d6\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u968f\u673a\u5143\u7d20\n    randomNum = nums[randomIndex]\n    return\n}\n
    array.swift
    /* \u968f\u673a\u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunc randomAccess(nums: [Int]) -> Int {\n    // \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [0, nums.count) \u4e2d\u968f\u673a\u62bd\u53d6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\n    let randomIndex = nums.indices.randomElement()!\n    // \u83b7\u53d6\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u968f\u673a\u5143\u7d20\n    let randomNum = nums[randomIndex]\n    return randomNum\n}\n
    array.js
    /* \u968f\u673a\u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunction randomAccess(nums) {\n    // \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [0, nums.length) \u4e2d\u968f\u673a\u62bd\u53d6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\n    const random_index = Math.floor(Math.random() * nums.length);\n    // \u83b7\u53d6\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u968f\u673a\u5143\u7d20\n    const random_num = nums[random_index];\n    return random_num;\n}\n
    array.ts
    /* \u968f\u673a\u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunction randomAccess(nums: number[]): number {\n    // \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [0, nums.length) \u4e2d\u968f\u673a\u62bd\u53d6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\n    const random_index = Math.floor(Math.random() * nums.length);\n    // \u83b7\u53d6\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u968f\u673a\u5143\u7d20\n    const random_num = nums[random_index];\n    return random_num;\n}\n
    array.dart
    /* \u968f\u673a\u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\nint randomAccess(List<int> nums) {\n  // \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [0, nums.length) \u4e2d\u968f\u673a\u62bd\u53d6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\n  int randomIndex = Random().nextInt(nums.length);\n  // \u83b7\u53d6\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u968f\u673a\u5143\u7d20\n  int randomNum = nums[randomIndex];\n  return randomNum;\n}\n
    array.rs
    /* \u968f\u673a\u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\nfn random_access(nums: &[i32]) -> i32 {\n    // \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [0, nums.len()) \u4e2d\u968f\u673a\u62bd\u53d6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\n    let random_index = rand::thread_rng().gen_range(0..nums.len());\n    // \u83b7\u53d6\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u968f\u673a\u5143\u7d20\n    let random_num = nums[random_index];\n    random_num\n}\n
    array.c
    /* \u968f\u673a\u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\nint randomAccess(int *nums, int size) {\n    // \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [0, size) \u4e2d\u968f\u673a\u62bd\u53d6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\n    int randomIndex = rand() % size;\n    // \u83b7\u53d6\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u968f\u673a\u5143\u7d20\n    int randomNum = nums[randomIndex];\n    return randomNum;\n}\n
    array.zig
    // \u968f\u673a\u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20\nfn randomAccess(nums: []i32) i32 {\n    // \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [0, nums.len) \u4e2d\u968f\u673a\u62bd\u53d6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6574\u6570\n    var randomIndex = std.crypto.random.intRangeLessThan(usize, 0, nums.len);\n    // \u83b7\u53d6\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u968f\u673a\u5143\u7d20\n    var randomNum = nums[randomIndex];\n    return randomNum;\n}\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/array/#3","title":"3. \u00a0 \u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20","text":"

    \u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u662f\u201c\u7d27\u6328\u7740\u7684\u201d\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u6ca1\u6709\u7a7a\u95f4\u518d\u5b58\u653e\u4efb\u4f55\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5982\u56fe 4-3 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5219\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u8be5\u5143\u7d20\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e\u518d\u628a\u5143\u7d20\u8d4b\u503c\u7ed9\u8be5\u7d22\u5f15\u3002

    \u56fe 4-3 \u00a0 \u6570\u7ec4\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20\u793a\u4f8b

    \u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u662f\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u63d2\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5fc5\u5b9a\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u5143\u7d20\u201c\u4e22\u5931\u201d\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u7559\u5728\u201c\u5217\u8868\u201d\u7ae0\u8282\u4e2d\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig array.py
    def insert(nums: list[int], num: int, index: int):\n    \"\"\"\u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 index \u5904\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20 num\"\"\"\n    # \u628a\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4ee5\u53ca\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n    for i in range(len(nums) - 1, index, -1):\n        nums[i] = nums[i - 1]\n    # \u5c06 num \u8d4b\u7ed9 index \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n    nums[index] = num\n
    array.cpp
    /* \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 index \u5904\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20 num */\nvoid insert(int *nums, int size, int num, int index) {\n    // \u628a\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4ee5\u53ca\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n    for (int i = size - 1; i > index; i--) {\n        nums[i] = nums[i - 1];\n    }\n    // \u5c06 num \u8d4b\u7ed9 index \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n    nums[index] = num;\n}\n
    array.java
    /* \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 index \u5904\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20 num */\nvoid insert(int[] nums, int num, int index) {\n    // \u628a\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4ee5\u53ca\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n    for (int i = nums.length - 1; i > index; i--) {\n        nums[i] = nums[i - 1];\n    }\n    // \u5c06 num \u8d4b\u7ed9 index \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n    nums[index] = num;\n}\n
    array.cs
    /* \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 index \u5904\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20 num */\nvoid Insert(int[] nums, int num, int index) {\n    // \u628a\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4ee5\u53ca\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n    for (int i = nums.Length - 1; i > index; i--) {\n        nums[i] = nums[i - 1];\n    }\n    // \u5c06 num \u8d4b\u7ed9 index \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n    nums[index] = num;\n}\n
    array.go
    /* \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 index \u5904\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20 num */\nfunc insert(nums []int, num int, index int) {\n    // \u628a\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4ee5\u53ca\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n    for i := len(nums) - 1; i > index; i-- {\n        nums[i] = nums[i-1]\n    }\n    // \u5c06 num \u8d4b\u7ed9 index \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n    nums[index] = num\n}\n
    array.swift
    /* \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 index \u5904\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20 num */\nfunc insert(nums: inout [Int], num: Int, index: Int) {\n    // \u628a\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4ee5\u53ca\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n    for i in nums.indices.dropFirst(index).reversed() {\n        nums[i] = nums[i - 1]\n    }\n    // \u5c06 num \u8d4b\u7ed9 index \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n    nums[index] = num\n}\n
    array.js
    /* \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 index \u5904\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20 num */\nfunction insert(nums, num, index) {\n    // \u628a\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4ee5\u53ca\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n    for (let i = nums.length - 1; i > index; i--) {\n        nums[i] = nums[i - 1];\n    }\n    // \u5c06 num \u8d4b\u7ed9 index \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n    nums[index] = num;\n}\n
    array.ts
    /* \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 index \u5904\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20 num */\nfunction insert(nums: number[], num: number, index: number): void {\n    // \u628a\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4ee5\u53ca\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n    for (let i = nums.length - 1; i > index; i--) {\n        nums[i] = nums[i - 1];\n    }\n    // \u5c06 num \u8d4b\u7ed9 index \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n    nums[index] = num;\n}\n
    array.dart
    /* \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 index \u5904\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20 _num */\nvoid insert(List<int> nums, int _num, int index) {\n  // \u628a\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4ee5\u53ca\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n  for (var i = nums.length - 1; i > index; i--) {\n    nums[i] = nums[i - 1];\n  }\n  // \u5c06 _num \u8d4b\u7ed9 index \u5904\u5143\u7d20\n  nums[index] = _num;\n}\n
    array.rs
    /* \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 index \u5904\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20 num */\nfn insert(nums: &mut Vec<i32>, num: i32, index: usize) {\n    // \u628a\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4ee5\u53ca\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n    for i in (index + 1..nums.len()).rev() {\n        nums[i] = nums[i - 1];\n    }\n    // \u5c06 num \u8d4b\u7ed9 index \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n    nums[index] = num;\n}\n
    array.c
    /* \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 index \u5904\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20 num */\nvoid insert(int *nums, int size, int num, int index) {\n    // \u628a\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4ee5\u53ca\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n    for (int i = size - 1; i > index; i--) {\n        nums[i] = nums[i - 1];\n    }\n    // \u5c06 num \u8d4b\u7ed9 index \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n    nums[index] = num;\n}\n
    array.zig
    // \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 index \u5904\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20 num\nfn insert(nums: []i32, num: i32, index: usize) void {\n    // \u628a\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4ee5\u53ca\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n    var i = nums.len - 1;\n    while (i > index) : (i -= 1) {\n        nums[i] = nums[i - 1];\n    }\n    // \u5c06 num \u8d4b\u7ed9 index \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n    nums[index] = num;\n}\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/array/#4","title":"4. \u00a0 \u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20","text":"

    \u540c\u7406\uff0c\u5982\u56fe 4-4 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u82e5\u60f3\u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 \\(i\\) \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5219\u9700\u8981\u628a\u7d22\u5f15 \\(i\\) \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u5411\u524d\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\u3002

    \u56fe 4-4 \u00a0 \u6570\u7ec4\u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20\u793a\u4f8b

    \u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u539f\u5148\u672b\u5c3e\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u53d8\u5f97\u201c\u65e0\u610f\u4e49\u201d\u4e86\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u987b\u7279\u610f\u53bb\u4fee\u6539\u5b83\u3002

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig array.py
    def remove(nums: list[int], index: int):\n    \"\"\"\u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\"\"\"\n    # \u628a\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u5411\u524d\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n    for i in range(index, len(nums) - 1):\n        nums[i] = nums[i + 1]\n
    array.cpp
    /* \u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20 */\nvoid remove(int *nums, int size, int index) {\n    // \u628a\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u5411\u524d\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n    for (int i = index; i < size - 1; i++) {\n        nums[i] = nums[i + 1];\n    }\n}\n
    array.java
    /* \u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20 */\nvoid remove(int[] nums, int index) {\n    // \u628a\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u5411\u524d\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n    for (int i = index; i < nums.length - 1; i++) {\n        nums[i] = nums[i + 1];\n    }\n}\n
    array.cs
    /* \u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20 */\nvoid Remove(int[] nums, int index) {\n    // \u628a\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u5411\u524d\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n    for (int i = index; i < nums.Length - 1; i++) {\n        nums[i] = nums[i + 1];\n    }\n}\n
    array.go
    /* \u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunc remove(nums []int, index int) {\n    // \u628a\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u5411\u524d\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n    for i := index; i < len(nums)-1; i++ {\n        nums[i] = nums[i+1]\n    }\n}\n
    array.swift
    /* \u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunc remove(nums: inout [Int], index: Int) {\n    // \u628a\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u5411\u524d\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n    for i in nums.indices.dropFirst(index).dropLast() {\n        nums[i] = nums[i + 1]\n    }\n}\n
    array.js
    /* \u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunction remove(nums, index) {\n    // \u628a\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u5411\u524d\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n    for (let i = index; i < nums.length - 1; i++) {\n        nums[i] = nums[i + 1];\n    }\n}\n
    array.ts
    /* \u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunction remove(nums: number[], index: number): void {\n    // \u628a\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u5411\u524d\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n    for (let i = index; i < nums.length - 1; i++) {\n        nums[i] = nums[i + 1];\n    }\n}\n
    array.dart
    /* \u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20 */\nvoid remove(List<int> nums, int index) {\n  // \u628a\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u5411\u524d\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n  for (var i = index; i < nums.length - 1; i++) {\n    nums[i] = nums[i + 1];\n  }\n}\n
    array.rs
    /* \u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20 */\nfn remove(nums: &mut Vec<i32>, index: usize) {\n    // \u628a\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u5411\u524d\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n    for i in index..nums.len() - 1 {\n        nums[i] = nums[i + 1];\n    }\n}\n
    array.c
    /* \u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20 */\n// \u6ce8\u610f\uff1astdio.h \u5360\u7528\u4e86 remove \u5173\u952e\u8bcd\nvoid removeItem(int *nums, int size, int index) {\n    // \u628a\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u5411\u524d\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n    for (int i = index; i < size - 1; i++) {\n        nums[i] = nums[i + 1];\n    }\n}\n
    array.zig
    // \u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\nfn remove(nums: []i32, index: usize) void {\n    // \u628a\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u5411\u524d\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n    var i = index;\n    while (i < nums.len - 1) : (i += 1) {\n        nums[i] = nums[i + 1];\n    }\n}\n

    \u603b\u7684\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u63d2\u5165\u4e0e\u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7f3a\u70b9\u3002

    • \u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u9ad8\uff1a\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u63d2\u5165\u548c\u5220\u9664\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5747\u4e3a \\(O(n)\\) \uff0c\u5176\u4e2d \\(n\\) \u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u3002
    • \u4e22\u5931\u5143\u7d20\uff1a\u7531\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20\u540e\uff0c\u8d85\u51fa\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u4f1a\u4e22\u5931\u3002
    • \u5185\u5b58\u6d6a\u8d39\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u6bd4\u8f83\u957f\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u53ea\u7528\u524d\u9762\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5728\u63d2\u5165\u6570\u636e\u65f6\uff0c\u4e22\u5931\u7684\u672b\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u662f\u201c\u65e0\u610f\u4e49\u201d\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u6d6a\u8d39\u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/array/#5","title":"5. \u00a0 \u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4","text":"

    \u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u65e2\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u7d22\u5f15\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig array.py
    def traverse(nums: list[int]):\n    \"\"\"\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\"\"\"\n    count = 0\n    # \u901a\u8fc7\u7d22\u5f15\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\n    for i in range(len(nums)):\n        count += nums[i]\n    # \u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\n    for num in nums:\n        count += num\n    # \u540c\u65f6\u904d\u5386\u6570\u636e\u7d22\u5f15\u548c\u5143\u7d20\n    for i, num in enumerate(nums):\n        count += nums[i]\n        count += num\n
    array.cpp
    /* \u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4 */\nvoid traverse(int *nums, int size) {\n    int count = 0;\n    // \u901a\u8fc7\u7d22\u5f15\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\n    for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {\n        count += nums[i];\n    }\n}\n
    array.java
    /* \u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4 */\nvoid traverse(int[] nums) {\n    int count = 0;\n    // \u901a\u8fc7\u7d22\u5f15\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\n    for (int i = 0; i < nums.length; i++) {\n        count += nums[i];\n    }\n    // \u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\n    for (int num : nums) {\n        count += num;\n    }\n}\n
    array.cs
    /* \u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4 */\nvoid Traverse(int[] nums) {\n    int count = 0;\n    // \u901a\u8fc7\u7d22\u5f15\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\n    for (int i = 0; i < nums.Length; i++) {\n        count += nums[i];\n    }\n    // \u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\n    foreach (int num in nums) {\n        count += num;\n    }\n}\n
    array.go
    /* \u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4 */\nfunc traverse(nums []int) {\n    count := 0\n    // \u901a\u8fc7\u7d22\u5f15\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\n    for i := 0; i < len(nums); i++ {\n        count += nums[i]\n    }\n    count = 0\n    // \u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\n    for _, num := range nums {\n        count += num\n    }\n    // \u540c\u65f6\u904d\u5386\u6570\u636e\u7d22\u5f15\u548c\u5143\u7d20\n    for i, num := range nums {\n        count += nums[i]\n        count += num\n    }\n}\n
    array.swift
    /* \u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4 */\nfunc traverse(nums: [Int]) {\n    var count = 0\n    // \u901a\u8fc7\u7d22\u5f15\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\n    for i in nums.indices {\n        count += nums[i]\n    }\n    // \u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\n    for num in nums {\n        count += num\n    }\n}\n
    array.js
    /* \u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4 */\nfunction traverse(nums) {\n    let count = 0;\n    // \u901a\u8fc7\u7d22\u5f15\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\n    for (let i = 0; i < nums.length; i++) {\n        count += nums[i];\n    }\n    // \u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\n    for (const num of nums) {\n        count += num;\n    }\n}\n
    array.ts
    /* \u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4 */\nfunction traverse(nums: number[]): void {\n    let count = 0;\n    // \u901a\u8fc7\u7d22\u5f15\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\n    for (let i = 0; i < nums.length; i++) {\n        count += nums[i];\n    }\n    // \u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\n    for (const num of nums) {\n        count += num;\n    }\n}\n
    array.dart
    /* \u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20 */\nvoid traverse(List<int> nums) {\n  int count = 0;\n  // \u901a\u8fc7\u7d22\u5f15\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\n  for (var i = 0; i < nums.length; i++) {\n    count += nums[i];\n  }\n  // \u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\n  for (int _num in nums) {\n    count += _num;\n  }\n  // \u901a\u8fc7 forEach \u65b9\u6cd5\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\n  nums.forEach((_num) {\n    count += _num;\n  });\n}\n
    array.rs
    /* \u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4 */\nfn traverse(nums: &[i32]) {\n    let mut _count = 0;\n    // \u901a\u8fc7\u7d22\u5f15\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\n    for i in 0..nums.len() {\n        _count += nums[i];\n    }\n    // \u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\n    for num in nums {\n        _count += num;\n    }\n}\n
    array.c
    /* \u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4 */\nvoid traverse(int *nums, int size) {\n    int count = 0;\n    // \u901a\u8fc7\u7d22\u5f15\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\n    for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {\n        count += nums[i];\n    }\n}\n
    array.zig
    // \u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\nfn traverse(nums: []i32) void {\n    var count: i32 = 0;\n    // \u901a\u8fc7\u7d22\u5f15\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\n    var i: i32 = 0;\n    while (i < nums.len) : (i += 1) {\n        count += nums[i];\n    }\n    count = 0;\n    // \u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\n    for (nums) |num| {\n        count += num;\n    }\n}\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/array/#6","title":"6. \u00a0 \u67e5\u627e\u5143\u7d20","text":"

    \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u6307\u5b9a\u5143\u7d20\u9700\u8981\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u6bcf\u8f6e\u5224\u65ad\u5143\u7d20\u503c\u662f\u5426\u5339\u914d\uff0c\u82e5\u5339\u914d\u5219\u8f93\u51fa\u5bf9\u5e94\u7d22\u5f15\u3002

    \u56e0\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u662f\u7ebf\u6027\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e0a\u8ff0\u67e5\u627e\u64cd\u4f5c\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u7ebf\u6027\u67e5\u627e\u201d\u3002

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig array.py
    def find(nums: list[int], target: int) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u6307\u5b9a\u5143\u7d20\"\"\"\n    for i in range(len(nums)):\n        if nums[i] == target:\n            return i\n    return -1\n
    array.cpp
    /* \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u6307\u5b9a\u5143\u7d20 */\nint find(int *nums, int size, int target) {\n    for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {\n        if (nums[i] == target)\n            return i;\n    }\n    return -1;\n}\n
    array.java
    /* \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u6307\u5b9a\u5143\u7d20 */\nint find(int[] nums, int target) {\n    for (int i = 0; i < nums.length; i++) {\n        if (nums[i] == target)\n            return i;\n    }\n    return -1;\n}\n
    array.cs
    /* \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u6307\u5b9a\u5143\u7d20 */\nint Find(int[] nums, int target) {\n    for (int i = 0; i < nums.Length; i++) {\n        if (nums[i] == target)\n            return i;\n    }\n    return -1;\n}\n
    array.go
    /* \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u6307\u5b9a\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunc find(nums []int, target int) (index int) {\n    index = -1\n    for i := 0; i < len(nums); i++ {\n        if nums[i] == target {\n            index = i\n            break\n        }\n    }\n    return\n}\n
    array.swift
    /* \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u6307\u5b9a\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunc find(nums: [Int], target: Int) -> Int {\n    for i in nums.indices {\n        if nums[i] == target {\n            return i\n        }\n    }\n    return -1\n}\n
    array.js
    /* \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u6307\u5b9a\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunction find(nums, target) {\n    for (let i = 0; i < nums.length; i++) {\n        if (nums[i] === target) return i;\n    }\n    return -1;\n}\n
    array.ts
    /* \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u6307\u5b9a\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunction find(nums: number[], target: number): number {\n    for (let i = 0; i < nums.length; i++) {\n        if (nums[i] === target) {\n            return i;\n        }\n    }\n    return -1;\n}\n
    array.dart
    /* \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u6307\u5b9a\u5143\u7d20 */\nint find(List<int> nums, int target) {\n  for (var i = 0; i < nums.length; i++) {\n    if (nums[i] == target) return i;\n  }\n  return -1;\n}\n
    array.rs
    /* \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u6307\u5b9a\u5143\u7d20 */\nfn find(nums: &[i32], target: i32) -> Option<usize> {\n    for i in 0..nums.len() {\n        if nums[i] == target {\n            return Some(i);\n        }\n    }\n    None\n}\n
    array.c
    /* \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u6307\u5b9a\u5143\u7d20 */\nint find(int *nums, int size, int target) {\n    for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {\n        if (nums[i] == target)\n            return i;\n    }\n    return -1;\n}\n
    array.zig
    // \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u6307\u5b9a\u5143\u7d20\nfn find(nums: []i32, target: i32) i32 {\n    for (nums, 0..) |num, i| {\n        if (num == target) return @intCast(i);\n    }\n    return -1;\n}\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/array/#7","title":"7. \u00a0 \u6269\u5bb9\u6570\u7ec4","text":"

    \u5728\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u96be\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6570\u7ec4\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u662f\u53ef\u7528\u7684\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u65e0\u6cd5\u5b89\u5168\u5730\u6269\u5c55\u6570\u7ec4\u5bb9\u91cf\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\uff0c\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u7684\u3002

    \u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u6269\u5bb9\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5219\u9700\u91cd\u65b0\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u628a\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u4f9d\u6b21\u590d\u5236\u5230\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a \\(O(n)\\) \u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u975e\u5e38\u8017\u65f6\u3002\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig array.py
    def extend(nums: list[int], enlarge: int) -> list[int]:\n    \"\"\"\u6269\u5c55\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\"\"\"\n    # \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u6269\u5c55\u957f\u5ea6\u540e\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\n    res = [0] * (len(nums) + enlarge)\n    # \u5c06\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u590d\u5236\u5230\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\n    for i in range(len(nums)):\n        res[i] = nums[i]\n    # \u8fd4\u56de\u6269\u5c55\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\n    return res\n
    array.cpp
    /* \u6269\u5c55\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6 */\nint *extend(int *nums, int size, int enlarge) {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u6269\u5c55\u957f\u5ea6\u540e\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\n    int *res = new int[size + enlarge];\n    // \u5c06\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u590d\u5236\u5230\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\n    for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {\n        res[i] = nums[i];\n    }\n    // \u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\n    delete[] nums;\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u6269\u5c55\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\n    return res;\n}\n
    array.java
    /* \u6269\u5c55\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6 */\nint[] extend(int[] nums, int enlarge) {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u6269\u5c55\u957f\u5ea6\u540e\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\n    int[] res = new int[nums.length + enlarge];\n    // \u5c06\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u590d\u5236\u5230\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\n    for (int i = 0; i < nums.length; i++) {\n        res[i] = nums[i];\n    }\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u6269\u5c55\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\n    return res;\n}\n
    array.cs
    /* \u6269\u5c55\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6 */\nint[] Extend(int[] nums, int enlarge) {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u6269\u5c55\u957f\u5ea6\u540e\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\n    int[] res = new int[nums.Length + enlarge];\n    // \u5c06\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u590d\u5236\u5230\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\n    for (int i = 0; i < nums.Length; i++) {\n        res[i] = nums[i];\n    }\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u6269\u5c55\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\n    return res;\n}\n
    array.go
    /* \u6269\u5c55\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6 */\nfunc extend(nums []int, enlarge int) []int {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u6269\u5c55\u957f\u5ea6\u540e\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\n    res := make([]int, len(nums)+enlarge)\n    // \u5c06\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u590d\u5236\u5230\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\n    for i, num := range nums {\n        res[i] = num\n    }\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u6269\u5c55\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\n    return res\n}\n
    array.swift
    /* \u6269\u5c55\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6 */\nfunc extend(nums: [Int], enlarge: Int) -> [Int] {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u6269\u5c55\u957f\u5ea6\u540e\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\n    var res = Array(repeating: 0, count: nums.count + enlarge)\n    // \u5c06\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u590d\u5236\u5230\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\n    for i in nums.indices {\n        res[i] = nums[i]\n    }\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u6269\u5c55\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\n    return res\n}\n
    array.js
    /* \u6269\u5c55\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6 */\n// \u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0cJavaScript \u7684 Array \u662f\u52a8\u6001\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u6269\u5c55\n// \u4e3a\u4e86\u65b9\u4fbf\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u672c\u51fd\u6570\u5c06 Array \u770b\u4f5c\u957f\u5ea6\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\nfunction extend(nums, enlarge) {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u6269\u5c55\u957f\u5ea6\u540e\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\n    const res = new Array(nums.length + enlarge).fill(0);\n    // \u5c06\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u590d\u5236\u5230\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\n    for (let i = 0; i < nums.length; i++) {\n        res[i] = nums[i];\n    }\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u6269\u5c55\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\n    return res;\n}\n
    array.ts
    /* \u6269\u5c55\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6 */\n// \u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0cTypeScript \u7684 Array \u662f\u52a8\u6001\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u6269\u5c55\n// \u4e3a\u4e86\u65b9\u4fbf\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u672c\u51fd\u6570\u5c06 Array \u770b\u4f5c\u957f\u5ea6\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\nfunction extend(nums: number[], enlarge: number): number[] {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u6269\u5c55\u957f\u5ea6\u540e\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\n    const res = new Array(nums.length + enlarge).fill(0);\n    // \u5c06\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u590d\u5236\u5230\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\n    for (let i = 0; i < nums.length; i++) {\n        res[i] = nums[i];\n    }\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u6269\u5c55\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\n    return res;\n}\n
    array.dart
    /* \u6269\u5c55\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6 */\nList<int> extend(List<int> nums, int enlarge) {\n  // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u6269\u5c55\u957f\u5ea6\u540e\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\n  List<int> res = List.filled(nums.length + enlarge, 0);\n  // \u5c06\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u590d\u5236\u5230\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\n  for (var i = 0; i < nums.length; i++) {\n    res[i] = nums[i];\n  }\n  // \u8fd4\u56de\u6269\u5c55\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\n  return res;\n}\n
    array.rs
    /* \u6269\u5c55\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6 */\nfn extend(nums: Vec<i32>, enlarge: usize) -> Vec<i32> {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u6269\u5c55\u957f\u5ea6\u540e\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\n    let mut res: Vec<i32> = vec![0; nums.len() + enlarge];\n    // \u5c06\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u590d\u5236\u5230\u65b0\n    for i in 0..nums.len() {\n        res[i] = nums[i];\n    }\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u6269\u5c55\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\n    res\n}\n
    array.c
    /* \u6269\u5c55\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6 */\nint *extend(int *nums, int size, int enlarge) {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u6269\u5c55\u957f\u5ea6\u540e\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\n    int *res = (int *)malloc(sizeof(int) * (size + enlarge));\n    // \u5c06\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u590d\u5236\u5230\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\n    for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {\n        res[i] = nums[i];\n    }\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6269\u5c55\u540e\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\n    for (int i = size; i < size + enlarge; i++) {\n        res[i] = 0;\n    }\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u6269\u5c55\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\n    return res;\n}\n
    array.zig
    // \u6269\u5c55\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\nfn extend(mem_allocator: std.mem.Allocator, nums: []i32, enlarge: usize) ![]i32 {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u6269\u5c55\u957f\u5ea6\u540e\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\n    var res = try mem_allocator.alloc(i32, nums.len + enlarge);\n    @memset(res, 0);\n    // \u5c06\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u590d\u5236\u5230\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\n    std.mem.copy(i32, res, nums);\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u6269\u5c55\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\n    return res;\n}\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/array/#412","title":"4.1.2 \u00a0 \u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\u4e0e\u5c40\u9650\u6027","text":"

    \u6570\u7ec4\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u5185\uff0c\u4e14\u5143\u7d20\u7c7b\u578b\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u505a\u6cd5\u5305\u542b\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u5148\u9a8c\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4fe1\u606f\u6765\u4f18\u5316\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u6548\u7387\u3002

    • \u7a7a\u95f4\u6548\u7387\u9ad8\uff1a\u6570\u7ec4\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u5206\u914d\u4e86\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5757\uff0c\u65e0\u987b\u989d\u5916\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u5f00\u9500\u3002
    • \u652f\u6301\u968f\u673a\u8bbf\u95ee\uff1a\u6570\u7ec4\u5141\u8bb8\u5728 \\(O(1)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u8bbf\u95ee\u4efb\u4f55\u5143\u7d20\u3002
    • \u7f13\u5b58\u5c40\u90e8\u6027\uff1a\u5f53\u8bbf\u95ee\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u65f6\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4f1a\u52a0\u8f7d\u5b83\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u7f13\u5b58\u5176\u5468\u56f4\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u501f\u52a9\u9ad8\u901f\u7f13\u5b58\u6765\u63d0\u5347\u540e\u7eed\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6267\u884c\u901f\u5ea6\u3002

    \u8fde\u7eed\u7a7a\u95f4\u5b58\u50a8\u662f\u4e00\u628a\u53cc\u5203\u5251\uff0c\u5176\u5b58\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5c40\u9650\u6027\u3002

    • \u63d2\u5165\u4e0e\u5220\u9664\u6548\u7387\u4f4e\uff1a\u5f53\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u5143\u7d20\u8f83\u591a\u65f6\uff0c\u63d2\u5165\u4e0e\u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c\u9700\u8981\u79fb\u52a8\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u3002
    • \u957f\u5ea6\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\uff1a\u6570\u7ec4\u5728\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u540e\u957f\u5ea6\u5c31\u56fa\u5b9a\u4e86\uff0c\u6269\u5bb9\u6570\u7ec4\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u6570\u636e\u590d\u5236\u5230\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5f00\u9500\u5f88\u5927\u3002
    • \u7a7a\u95f4\u6d6a\u8d39\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u6570\u7ec4\u5206\u914d\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u8d85\u8fc7\u5b9e\u9645\u6240\u9700\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u591a\u4f59\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u5c31\u88ab\u6d6a\u8d39\u4e86\u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/array/#413","title":"4.1.3 \u00a0 \u6570\u7ec4\u5178\u578b\u5e94\u7528","text":"

    \u6570\u7ec4\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u57fa\u7840\u4e14\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u65e2\u9891\u7e41\u5e94\u7528\u5728\u5404\u7c7b\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0\u5404\u79cd\u590d\u6742\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u3002

    • \u968f\u673a\u8bbf\u95ee\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u968f\u673a\u62bd\u53d6\u4e00\u4e9b\u6837\u672c\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6570\u7ec4\u5b58\u50a8\uff0c\u5e76\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u968f\u673a\u5e8f\u5217\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u7d22\u5f15\u5b9e\u73b0\u968f\u673a\u62bd\u6837\u3002
    • \u6392\u5e8f\u548c\u641c\u7d22\uff1a\u6570\u7ec4\u662f\u6392\u5e8f\u548c\u641c\u7d22\u7b97\u6cd5\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u3001\u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f\u3001\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u7b49\u90fd\u4e3b\u8981\u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u3002
    • \u67e5\u627e\u8868\uff1a\u5f53\u9700\u8981\u5feb\u901f\u67e5\u627e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u6216\u5176\u5bf9\u5e94\u5173\u7cfb\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u7ec4\u4f5c\u4e3a\u67e5\u627e\u8868\u3002\u5047\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u5b9e\u73b0\u5b57\u7b26\u5230 ASCII \u7801\u7684\u6620\u5c04\uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u5b57\u7b26\u7684 ASCII \u7801\u503c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u5b58\u653e\u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u5bf9\u5e94\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002
    • \u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\uff1a\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u5927\u91cf\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u5411\u91cf\u3001\u77e9\u9635\u3001\u5f20\u91cf\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7ebf\u6027\u4ee3\u6570\u8fd0\u7b97\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u90fd\u662f\u4ee5\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u6784\u5efa\u7684\u3002\u6570\u7ec4\u662f\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6700\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u3002
    • \u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u5b9e\u73b0\uff1a\u6570\u7ec4\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0\u6808\u3001\u961f\u5217\u3001\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u3001\u5806\u3001\u56fe\u7b49\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u56fe\u7684\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u8868\u793a\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8c\u7ef4\u6570\u7ec4\u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/linked_list/","title":"4.2 \u00a0 \u94fe\u8868","text":"

    \u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u662f\u6240\u6709\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u516c\u5171\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fd0\u884c\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\uff0c\u7a7a\u95f2\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u53ef\u80fd\u6563\u843d\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u5404\u5904\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u5b58\u50a8\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u5f53\u6570\u7ec4\u975e\u5e38\u5927\u65f6\uff0c\u5185\u5b58\u53ef\u80fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u63d0\u4f9b\u5982\u6b64\u5927\u7684\u8fde\u7eed\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u4f18\u52bf\u5c31\u4f53\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\u4e86\u3002

    \u300c\u94fe\u8868 linked list\u300d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7ebf\u6027\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5404\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u5f15\u7528\u201d\u76f8\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u5f15\u7528\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e86\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u5f53\u524d\u8282\u70b9\u8bbf\u95ee\u5230\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u3002

    \u94fe\u8868\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4f7f\u5f97\u5404\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u6563\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u5404\u5904\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\u65e0\u987b\u8fde\u7eed\u3002

    \u56fe 4-5 \u00a0 \u94fe\u8868\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e0e\u5b58\u50a8\u65b9\u5f0f

    \u89c2\u5bdf\u56fe 4-5 \uff0c\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u7ec4\u6210\u5355\u4f4d\u662f\u300c\u8282\u70b9 node\u300d\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u5305\u542b\u4e24\u9879\u6570\u636e\uff1a\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u201c\u503c\u201d\u548c\u6307\u5411\u4e0b\u4e00\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u201c\u5f15\u7528\u201d\u3002

    • \u94fe\u8868\u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u5934\u8282\u70b9\u201d\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u201d\u3002
    • \u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u6307\u5411\u7684\u662f\u201c\u7a7a\u201d\uff0c\u5b83\u5728 Java\u3001C++ \u548c Python \u4e2d\u5206\u522b\u88ab\u8bb0\u4e3a null\u3001nullptr \u548c None \u3002
    • \u5728 C\u3001C++\u3001Go \u548c Rust \u7b49\u652f\u6301\u6307\u9488\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u201c\u5f15\u7528\u201d\u5e94\u88ab\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u201c\u6307\u9488\u201d\u3002

    \u5982\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9 ListNode \u9664\u4e86\u5305\u542b\u503c\uff0c\u8fd8\u9700\u989d\u5916\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f15\u7528\uff08\u6307\u9488\uff09\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u76f8\u540c\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u4e0b\uff0c\u94fe\u8868\u6bd4\u6570\u7ec4\u5360\u7528\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig 
    class ListNode:\n    \"\"\"\u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b\"\"\"\n    def __init__(self, val: int):\n        self.val: int = val               # \u8282\u70b9\u503c\n        self.next: ListNode | None = None # \u6307\u5411\u4e0b\u4e00\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5f15\u7528\n
    /* \u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53 */\nstruct ListNode {\n    int val;         // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\n    ListNode *next;  // \u6307\u5411\u4e0b\u4e00\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6307\u9488\n    ListNode(int x) : val(x), next(nullptr) {}  // \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\n};\n
    /* \u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b */\nclass ListNode {\n    int val;        // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\n    ListNode next;  // \u6307\u5411\u4e0b\u4e00\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5f15\u7528\n    ListNode(int x) { val = x; }  // \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\n}\n
    /* \u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b */\nclass ListNode(int x) {  //\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\n    int val = x;         // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\n    ListNode? next;      // \u6307\u5411\u4e0b\u4e00\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5f15\u7528\n}\n
    /* \u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53 */\ntype ListNode struct {\n    Val  int       // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\n    Next *ListNode // \u6307\u5411\u4e0b\u4e00\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6307\u9488\n}\n\n// NewListNode \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u94fe\u8868\nfunc NewListNode(val int) *ListNode {\n    return &ListNode{\n        Val:  val,\n        Next: nil,\n    }\n}\n
    /* \u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b */\nclass ListNode {\n    var val: Int // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\n    var next: ListNode? // \u6307\u5411\u4e0b\u4e00\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5f15\u7528\n\n    init(x: Int) { // \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\n        val = x\n    }\n}\n
    /* \u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b */\nclass ListNode {\n    constructor(val, next) {\n        this.val = (val === undefined ? 0 : val);       // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\n        this.next = (next === undefined ? null : next); // \u6307\u5411\u4e0b\u4e00\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5f15\u7528\n    }\n}\n
    /* \u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b */\nclass ListNode {\n    val: number;\n    next: ListNode | null;\n    constructor(val?: number, next?: ListNode | null) {\n        this.val = val === undefined ? 0 : val;        // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\n        this.next = next === undefined ? null : next;  // \u6307\u5411\u4e0b\u4e00\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5f15\u7528\n    }\n}\n
    /* \u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b */\nclass ListNode {\n  int val; // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\n  ListNode? next; // \u6307\u5411\u4e0b\u4e00\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5f15\u7528\n  ListNode(this.val, [this.next]); // \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\n}\n
    use std::rc::Rc;\nuse std::cell::RefCell;\n/* \u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b */\n#[derive(Debug)]\nstruct ListNode {\n    val: i32, // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\n    next: Option<Rc<RefCell<ListNode>>>, // \u6307\u5411\u4e0b\u4e00\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6307\u9488\n}\n
    /* \u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53 */\ntypedef struct ListNode {\n    int val;               // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\n    struct ListNode *next; // \u6307\u5411\u4e0b\u4e00\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6307\u9488\n} ListNode;\n\n/* \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570 */\nListNode *newListNode(int val) {\n    ListNode *node;\n    node = (ListNode *) malloc(sizeof(ListNode));\n    node->val = val;\n    node->next = NULL;\n    return node;\n}\n
    // \u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b\npub fn ListNode(comptime T: type) type {\n    return struct {\n        const Self = @This();\n\n        val: T = 0, // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\n        next: ?*Self = null, // \u6307\u5411\u4e0b\u4e00\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6307\u9488\n\n        // \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\n        pub fn init(self: *Self, x: i32) void {\n            self.val = x;\n            self.next = null;\n        }\n    };\n}\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/linked_list/#421","title":"4.2.1 \u00a0 \u94fe\u8868\u5e38\u7528\u64cd\u4f5c","text":""},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/linked_list/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u94fe\u8868","text":"

    \u5efa\u7acb\u94fe\u8868\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u6b65\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u662f\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5404\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b65\u662f\u6784\u5efa\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u5934\u8282\u70b9\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5f15\u7528\u6307\u5411 next \u4f9d\u6b21\u8bbf\u95ee\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\u3002

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig linked_list.py
    # \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u94fe\u8868 1 -> 3 -> 2 -> 5 -> 4\n# \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5404\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\nn0 = ListNode(1)\nn1 = ListNode(3)\nn2 = ListNode(2)\nn3 = ListNode(5)\nn4 = ListNode(4)\n# \u6784\u5efa\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5f15\u7528\nn0.next = n1\nn1.next = n2\nn2.next = n3\nn3.next = n4\n
    linked_list.cpp
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u94fe\u8868 1 -> 3 -> 2 -> 5 -> 4 */\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5404\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\nListNode* n0 = new ListNode(1);\nListNode* n1 = new ListNode(3);\nListNode* n2 = new ListNode(2);\nListNode* n3 = new ListNode(5);\nListNode* n4 = new ListNode(4);\n// \u6784\u5efa\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5f15\u7528\nn0->next = n1;\nn1->next = n2;\nn2->next = n3;\nn3->next = n4;\n
    linked_list.java
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u94fe\u8868 1 -> 3 -> 2 -> 5 -> 4 */\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5404\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\nListNode n0 = new ListNode(1);\nListNode n1 = new ListNode(3);\nListNode n2 = new ListNode(2);\nListNode n3 = new ListNode(5);\nListNode n4 = new ListNode(4);\n// \u6784\u5efa\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5f15\u7528\nn0.next = n1;\nn1.next = n2;\nn2.next = n3;\nn3.next = n4;\n
    linked_list.cs
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u94fe\u8868 1 -> 3 -> 2 -> 5 -> 4 */\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5404\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\nListNode n0 = new(1);\nListNode n1 = new(3);\nListNode n2 = new(2);\nListNode n3 = new(5);\nListNode n4 = new(4);\n// \u6784\u5efa\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5f15\u7528\nn0.next = n1;\nn1.next = n2;\nn2.next = n3;\nn3.next = n4;\n
    linked_list.go
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u94fe\u8868 1 -> 3 -> 2 -> 5 -> 4 */\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5404\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\nn0 := NewListNode(1)\nn1 := NewListNode(3)\nn2 := NewListNode(2)\nn3 := NewListNode(5)\nn4 := NewListNode(4)\n// \u6784\u5efa\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5f15\u7528\nn0.Next = n1\nn1.Next = n2\nn2.Next = n3\nn3.Next = n4\n
    linked_list.swift
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u94fe\u8868 1 -> 3 -> 2 -> 5 -> 4 */\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5404\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\nlet n0 = ListNode(x: 1)\nlet n1 = ListNode(x: 3)\nlet n2 = ListNode(x: 2)\nlet n3 = ListNode(x: 5)\nlet n4 = ListNode(x: 4)\n// \u6784\u5efa\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5f15\u7528\nn0.next = n1\nn1.next = n2\nn2.next = n3\nn3.next = n4\n
    linked_list.js
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u94fe\u8868 1 -> 3 -> 2 -> 5 -> 4 */\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5404\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\nconst n0 = new ListNode(1);\nconst n1 = new ListNode(3);\nconst n2 = new ListNode(2);\nconst n3 = new ListNode(5);\nconst n4 = new ListNode(4);\n// \u6784\u5efa\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5f15\u7528\nn0.next = n1;\nn1.next = n2;\nn2.next = n3;\nn3.next = n4;\n
    linked_list.ts
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u94fe\u8868 1 -> 3 -> 2 -> 5 -> 4 */\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5404\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\nconst n0 = new ListNode(1);\nconst n1 = new ListNode(3);\nconst n2 = new ListNode(2);\nconst n3 = new ListNode(5);\nconst n4 = new ListNode(4);\n// \u6784\u5efa\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5f15\u7528\nn0.next = n1;\nn1.next = n2;\nn2.next = n3;\nn3.next = n4;\n
    linked_list.dart
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u94fe\u8868 1 -> 3 -> 2 -> 5 -> 4 */\\\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5404\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\nListNode n0 = ListNode(1);\nListNode n1 = ListNode(3);\nListNode n2 = ListNode(2);\nListNode n3 = ListNode(5);\nListNode n4 = ListNode(4);\n// \u6784\u5efa\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5f15\u7528\nn0.next = n1;\nn1.next = n2;\nn2.next = n3;\nn3.next = n4;\n
    linked_list.rs
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u94fe\u8868 1 -> 3 -> 2 -> 5 -> 4 */\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5404\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\nlet n0 = Rc::new(RefCell::new(ListNode { val: 1, next: None }));\nlet n1 = Rc::new(RefCell::new(ListNode { val: 3, next: None }));\nlet n2 = Rc::new(RefCell::new(ListNode { val: 2, next: None }));\nlet n3 = Rc::new(RefCell::new(ListNode { val: 5, next: None }));\nlet n4 = Rc::new(RefCell::new(ListNode { val: 4, next: None }));\n\n// \u6784\u5efa\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5f15\u7528\nn0.borrow_mut().next = Some(n1.clone());\nn1.borrow_mut().next = Some(n2.clone());\nn2.borrow_mut().next = Some(n3.clone());\nn3.borrow_mut().next = Some(n4.clone());\n
    linked_list.c
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u94fe\u8868 1 -> 3 -> 2 -> 5 -> 4 */\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5404\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\nListNode* n0 = newListNode(1);\nListNode* n1 = newListNode(3);\nListNode* n2 = newListNode(2);\nListNode* n3 = newListNode(5);\nListNode* n4 = newListNode(4);\n// \u6784\u5efa\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5f15\u7528\nn0->next = n1;\nn1->next = n2;\nn2->next = n3;\nn3->next = n4;\n
    linked_list.zig
    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u94fe\u8868\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5404\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\nvar n0 = inc.ListNode(i32){.val = 1};\nvar n1 = inc.ListNode(i32){.val = 3};\nvar n2 = inc.ListNode(i32){.val = 2};\nvar n3 = inc.ListNode(i32){.val = 5};\nvar n4 = inc.ListNode(i32){.val = 4};\n// \u6784\u5efa\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5f15\u7528\nn0.next = &n1;\nn1.next = &n2;\nn2.next = &n3;\nn3.next = &n4;\n

    \u6570\u7ec4\u6574\u4f53\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u6570\u7ec4 nums \u5305\u542b\u5143\u7d20 nums[0] \u548c nums[1] \u7b49\uff0c\u800c\u94fe\u8868\u662f\u7531\u591a\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u5bf9\u8c61\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u5c06\u5934\u8282\u70b9\u5f53\u4f5c\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u4ee3\u79f0\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u7684\u94fe\u8868\u53ef\u8bb0\u4f5c\u94fe\u8868 n0 \u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/linked_list/#2","title":"2. \u00a0 \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9","text":"

    \u5728\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\u975e\u5e38\u5bb9\u6613\u3002\u5982\u56fe 4-6 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u5728\u76f8\u90bb\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9 n0 \u548c n1 \u4e4b\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u8282\u70b9 P \uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u9700\u6539\u53d8\u4e24\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528\uff08\u6307\u9488\uff09\u5373\u53ef\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(1)\\) \u3002

    \u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n)\\) \uff0c\u5728\u5927\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u4e0b\u7684\u6548\u7387\u8f83\u4f4e\u3002

    \u56fe 4-6 \u00a0 \u94fe\u8868\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\u793a\u4f8b

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig linked_list.py
    def insert(n0: ListNode, P: ListNode):\n    \"\"\"\u5728\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u8282\u70b9 n0 \u4e4b\u540e\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 P\"\"\"\n    n1 = n0.next\n    P.next = n1\n    n0.next = P\n
    linked_list.cpp
    /* \u5728\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u8282\u70b9 n0 \u4e4b\u540e\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 P */\nvoid insert(ListNode *n0, ListNode *P) {\n    ListNode *n1 = n0->next;\n    P->next = n1;\n    n0->next = P;\n}\n
    linked_list.java
    /* \u5728\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u8282\u70b9 n0 \u4e4b\u540e\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 P */\nvoid insert(ListNode n0, ListNode P) {\n    ListNode n1 = n0.next;\n    P.next = n1;\n    n0.next = P;\n}\n
    linked_list.cs
    /* \u5728\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u8282\u70b9 n0 \u4e4b\u540e\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 P */\nvoid Insert(ListNode n0, ListNode P) {\n    ListNode? n1 = n0.next;\n    P.next = n1;\n    n0.next = P;\n}\n
    linked_list.go
    /* \u5728\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u8282\u70b9 n0 \u4e4b\u540e\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 P */\nfunc insertNode(n0 *ListNode, P *ListNode) {\n    n1 := n0.Next\n    P.Next = n1\n    n0.Next = P\n}\n
    linked_list.swift
    /* \u5728\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u8282\u70b9 n0 \u4e4b\u540e\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 P */\nfunc insert(n0: ListNode, P: ListNode) {\n    let n1 = n0.next\n    P.next = n1\n    n0.next = P\n}\n
    linked_list.js
    /* \u5728\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u8282\u70b9 n0 \u4e4b\u540e\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 P */\nfunction insert(n0, P) {\n    const n1 = n0.next;\n    P.next = n1;\n    n0.next = P;\n}\n
    linked_list.ts
    /* \u5728\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u8282\u70b9 n0 \u4e4b\u540e\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 P */\nfunction insert(n0: ListNode, P: ListNode): void {\n    const n1 = n0.next;\n    P.next = n1;\n    n0.next = P;\n}\n
    linked_list.dart
    /* \u5728\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u8282\u70b9 n0 \u4e4b\u540e\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 P */\nvoid insert(ListNode n0, ListNode P) {\n  ListNode? n1 = n0.next;\n  P.next = n1;\n  n0.next = P;\n}\n
    linked_list.rs
    /* \u5728\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u8282\u70b9 n0 \u4e4b\u540e\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 P */\n#[allow(non_snake_case)]\npub fn insert<T>(n0: &Rc<RefCell<ListNode<T>>>, P: Rc<RefCell<ListNode<T>>>) {\n    let n1 =  n0.borrow_mut().next.take();\n    P.borrow_mut().next = n1;\n    n0.borrow_mut().next = Some(P);\n}\n
    linked_list.c
    /* \u5728\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u8282\u70b9 n0 \u4e4b\u540e\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 P */\nvoid insert(ListNode *n0, ListNode *P) {\n    ListNode *n1 = n0->next;\n    P->next = n1;\n    n0->next = P;\n}\n
    linked_list.zig
    // \u5728\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u8282\u70b9 n0 \u4e4b\u540e\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 P\nfn insert(n0: ?*inc.ListNode(i32), P: ?*inc.ListNode(i32)) void {\n    var n1 = n0.?.next;\n    P.?.next = n1;\n    n0.?.next = P;\n}\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/linked_list/#3","title":"3. \u00a0 \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9","text":"

    \u5982\u56fe 4-7 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5728\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u4e5f\u975e\u5e38\u65b9\u4fbf\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u6539\u53d8\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5f15\u7528\uff08\u6307\u9488\uff09\u5373\u53ef\u3002

    \u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5728\u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\u8282\u70b9 P \u4ecd\u7136\u6307\u5411 n1 \uff0c\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u904d\u5386\u6b64\u94fe\u8868\u5df2\u7ecf\u65e0\u6cd5\u8bbf\u95ee\u5230 P \uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740 P \u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0d\u518d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u8be5\u94fe\u8868\u4e86\u3002

    \u56fe 4-7 \u00a0 \u94fe\u8868\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig linked_list.py
    def remove(n0: ListNode):\n    \"\"\"\u5220\u9664\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u8282\u70b9 n0 \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\"\"\"\n    if not n0.next:\n        return\n    # n0 -> P -> n1\n    P = n0.next\n    n1 = P.next\n    n0.next = n1\n
    linked_list.cpp
    /* \u5220\u9664\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u8282\u70b9 n0 \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9 */\nvoid remove(ListNode *n0) {\n    if (n0->next == nullptr)\n        return;\n    // n0 -> P -> n1\n    ListNode *P = n0->next;\n    ListNode *n1 = P->next;\n    n0->next = n1;\n    // \u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\n    delete P;\n}\n
    linked_list.java
    /* \u5220\u9664\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u8282\u70b9 n0 \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9 */\nvoid remove(ListNode n0) {\n    if (n0.next == null)\n        return;\n    // n0 -> P -> n1\n    ListNode P = n0.next;\n    ListNode n1 = P.next;\n    n0.next = n1;\n}\n
    linked_list.cs
    /* \u5220\u9664\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u8282\u70b9 n0 \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9 */\nvoid Remove(ListNode n0) {\n    if (n0.next == null)\n        return;\n    // n0 -> P -> n1\n    ListNode P = n0.next;\n    ListNode? n1 = P.next;\n    n0.next = n1;\n}\n
    linked_list.go
    /* \u5220\u9664\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u8282\u70b9 n0 \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9 */\nfunc removeItem(n0 *ListNode) {\n    if n0.Next == nil {\n        return\n    }\n    // n0 -> P -> n1\n    P := n0.Next\n    n1 := P.Next\n    n0.Next = n1\n}\n
    linked_list.swift
    /* \u5220\u9664\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u8282\u70b9 n0 \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9 */\nfunc remove(n0: ListNode) {\n    if n0.next == nil {\n        return\n    }\n    // n0 -> P -> n1\n    let P = n0.next\n    let n1 = P?.next\n    n0.next = n1\n    P?.next = nil\n}\n
    linked_list.js
    /* \u5220\u9664\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u8282\u70b9 n0 \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9 */\nfunction remove(n0) {\n    if (!n0.next) return;\n    // n0 -> P -> n1\n    const P = n0.next;\n    const n1 = P.next;\n    n0.next = n1;\n}\n
    linked_list.ts
    /* \u5220\u9664\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u8282\u70b9 n0 \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9 */\nfunction remove(n0: ListNode): void {\n    if (!n0.next) {\n        return;\n    }\n    // n0 -> P -> n1\n    const P = n0.next;\n    const n1 = P.next;\n    n0.next = n1;\n}\n
    linked_list.dart
    /* \u5220\u9664\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u8282\u70b9 n0 \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9 */\nvoid remove(ListNode n0) {\n  if (n0.next == null) return;\n  // n0 -> P -> n1\n  ListNode P = n0.next!;\n  ListNode? n1 = P.next;\n  n0.next = n1;\n}\n
    linked_list.rs
    /* \u5220\u9664\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u8282\u70b9 n0 \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9 */\n#[allow(non_snake_case)]\npub fn remove<T>(n0: &Rc<RefCell<ListNode<T>>>) {\n    if n0.borrow().next.is_none() {return};\n    // n0 -> P -> n1\n    let P = n0.borrow_mut().next.take();\n    if let Some(node) = P {\n        let n1 = node.borrow_mut().next.take();\n        n0.borrow_mut().next = n1;\n    }\n}\n
    linked_list.c
    /* \u5220\u9664\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u8282\u70b9 n0 \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9 */\n// \u6ce8\u610f\uff1astdio.h \u5360\u7528\u4e86 remove \u5173\u952e\u8bcd\nvoid removeItem(ListNode *n0) {\n    if (!n0->next)\n        return;\n    // n0 -> P -> n1\n    ListNode *P = n0->next;\n    ListNode *n1 = P->next;\n    n0->next = n1;\n    // \u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\n    free(P);\n}\n
    linked_list.zig
    // \u5220\u9664\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u8282\u70b9 n0 \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\nfn remove(n0: ?*inc.ListNode(i32)) void {\n    if (n0.?.next == null) return;\n    // n0 -> P -> n1\n    var P = n0.?.next;\n    var n1 = P.?.next;\n    n0.?.next = n1;\n}\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/linked_list/#4","title":"4. \u00a0 \u8bbf\u95ee\u8282\u70b9","text":"

    \u5728\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u8bbf\u95ee\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6548\u7387\u8f83\u4f4e\u3002\u5982\u4e0a\u4e00\u8282\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728 \\(O(1)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u4e0b\u8bbf\u95ee\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u94fe\u8868\u5219\u4e0d\u7136\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u9700\u8981\u4ece\u5934\u8282\u70b9\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u9010\u4e2a\u5411\u540e\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u8bbf\u95ee\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u7b2c \\(i\\) \u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u9700\u8981\u5faa\u73af \\(i - 1\\) \u8f6e\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n)\\) \u3002

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig linked_list.py
    def access(head: ListNode, index: int) -> ListNode | None:\n    \"\"\"\u8bbf\u95ee\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a index \u7684\u8282\u70b9\"\"\"\n    for _ in range(index):\n        if not head:\n            return None\n        head = head.next\n    return head\n
    linked_list.cpp
    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a index \u7684\u8282\u70b9 */\nListNode *access(ListNode *head, int index) {\n    for (int i = 0; i < index; i++) {\n        if (head == nullptr)\n            return nullptr;\n        head = head->next;\n    }\n    return head;\n}\n
    linked_list.java
    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a index \u7684\u8282\u70b9 */\nListNode access(ListNode head, int index) {\n    for (int i = 0; i < index; i++) {\n        if (head == null)\n            return null;\n        head = head.next;\n    }\n    return head;\n}\n
    linked_list.cs
    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a index \u7684\u8282\u70b9 */\nListNode? Access(ListNode? head, int index) {\n    for (int i = 0; i < index; i++) {\n        if (head == null)\n            return null;\n        head = head.next;\n    }\n    return head;\n}\n
    linked_list.go
    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a index \u7684\u8282\u70b9 */\nfunc access(head *ListNode, index int) *ListNode {\n    for i := 0; i < index; i++ {\n        if head == nil {\n            return nil\n        }\n        head = head.Next\n    }\n    return head\n}\n
    linked_list.swift
    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a index \u7684\u8282\u70b9 */\nfunc access(head: ListNode, index: Int) -> ListNode? {\n    var head: ListNode? = head\n    for _ in 0 ..< index {\n        if head == nil {\n            return nil\n        }\n        head = head?.next\n    }\n    return head\n}\n
    linked_list.js
    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a index \u7684\u8282\u70b9 */\nfunction access(head, index) {\n    for (let i = 0; i < index; i++) {\n        if (!head) {\n            return null;\n        }\n        head = head.next;\n    }\n    return head;\n}\n
    linked_list.ts
    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a index \u7684\u8282\u70b9 */\nfunction access(head: ListNode | null, index: number): ListNode | null {\n    for (let i = 0; i < index; i++) {\n        if (!head) {\n            return null;\n        }\n        head = head.next;\n    }\n    return head;\n}\n
    linked_list.dart
    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a index \u7684\u8282\u70b9 */\nListNode? access(ListNode? head, int index) {\n  for (var i = 0; i < index; i++) {\n    if (head == null) return null;\n    head = head.next;\n  }\n  return head;\n}\n
    linked_list.rs
    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a index \u7684\u8282\u70b9 */\npub fn access<T>(head: Rc<RefCell<ListNode<T>>>, index: i32) -> Rc<RefCell<ListNode<T>>> {\n    if index <= 0 {return head};\n    if let Some(node) = &head.borrow_mut().next {\n        return access(node.clone(), index - 1);\n    }\n    return head;\n}\n
    linked_list.c
    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a index \u7684\u8282\u70b9 */\nListNode *access(ListNode *head, int index) {\n    for (int i = 0; i < index; i++) {\n        if (head == NULL)\n            return NULL;\n        head = head->next;\n    }\n    return head;\n}\n
    linked_list.zig
    // \u8bbf\u95ee\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a index \u7684\u8282\u70b9\nfn access(node: ?*inc.ListNode(i32), index: i32) ?*inc.ListNode(i32) {\n    var head = node;\n    var i: i32 = 0;\n    while (i < index) : (i += 1) {\n        head = head.?.next;\n        if (head == null) return null;\n    }\n    return head;\n}\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/linked_list/#5","title":"5. \u00a0 \u67e5\u627e\u8282\u70b9","text":"

    \u904d\u5386\u94fe\u8868\uff0c\u67e5\u627e\u5176\u4e2d\u503c\u4e3a target \u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8f93\u51fa\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u5728\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u3002\u6b64\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e5f\u5c5e\u4e8e\u7ebf\u6027\u67e5\u627e\u3002\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig linked_list.py
    def find(head: ListNode, target: int) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u5728\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u503c\u4e3a target \u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\"\"\"\n    index = 0\n    while head:\n        if head.val == target:\n            return index\n        head = head.next\n        index += 1\n    return -1\n
    linked_list.cpp
    /* \u5728\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u503c\u4e3a target \u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9 */\nint find(ListNode *head, int target) {\n    int index = 0;\n    while (head != nullptr) {\n        if (head->val == target)\n            return index;\n        head = head->next;\n        index++;\n    }\n    return -1;\n}\n
    linked_list.java
    /* \u5728\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u503c\u4e3a target \u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9 */\nint find(ListNode head, int target) {\n    int index = 0;\n    while (head != null) {\n        if (head.val == target)\n            return index;\n        head = head.next;\n        index++;\n    }\n    return -1;\n}\n
    linked_list.cs
    /* \u5728\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u503c\u4e3a target \u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9 */\nint Find(ListNode? head, int target) {\n    int index = 0;\n    while (head != null) {\n        if (head.val == target)\n            return index;\n        head = head.next;\n        index++;\n    }\n    return -1;\n}\n
    linked_list.go
    /* \u5728\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u503c\u4e3a target \u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9 */\nfunc findNode(head *ListNode, target int) int {\n    index := 0\n    for head != nil {\n        if head.Val == target {\n            return index\n        }\n        head = head.Next\n        index++\n    }\n    return -1\n}\n
    linked_list.swift
    /* \u5728\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u503c\u4e3a target \u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9 */\nfunc find(head: ListNode, target: Int) -> Int {\n    var head: ListNode? = head\n    var index = 0\n    while head != nil {\n        if head?.val == target {\n            return index\n        }\n        head = head?.next\n        index += 1\n    }\n    return -1\n}\n
    linked_list.js
    /* \u5728\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u503c\u4e3a target \u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9 */\nfunction find(head, target) {\n    let index = 0;\n    while (head !== null) {\n        if (head.val === target) {\n            return index;\n        }\n        head = head.next;\n        index += 1;\n    }\n    return -1;\n}\n
    linked_list.ts
    /* \u5728\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u503c\u4e3a target \u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9 */\nfunction find(head: ListNode | null, target: number): number {\n    let index = 0;\n    while (head !== null) {\n        if (head.val === target) {\n            return index;\n        }\n        head = head.next;\n        index += 1;\n    }\n    return -1;\n}\n
    linked_list.dart
    /* \u5728\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u503c\u4e3a target \u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9 */\nint find(ListNode? head, int target) {\n  int index = 0;\n  while (head != null) {\n    if (head.val == target) {\n      return index;\n    }\n    head = head.next;\n    index++;\n  }\n  return -1;\n}\n
    linked_list.rs
    /* \u5728\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u503c\u4e3a target \u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9 */\npub fn find<T: PartialEq>(head: Rc<RefCell<ListNode<T>>>, target: T, index: i32) -> i32 {\n    if head.borrow().val == target {return index};\n    if let Some(node) = &head.borrow_mut().next {\n        return find(node.clone(), target, index + 1);\n    }\n    return -1;\n}\n
    linked_list.c
    /* \u5728\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u503c\u4e3a target \u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9 */\nint find(ListNode *head, int target) {\n    int index = 0;\n    while (head) {\n        if (head->val == target)\n            return index;\n        head = head->next;\n        index++;\n    }\n    return -1;\n}\n
    linked_list.zig
    // \u5728\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u503c\u4e3a target \u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\nfn find(node: ?*inc.ListNode(i32), target: i32) i32 {\n    var head = node;\n    var index: i32 = 0;\n    while (head != null) {\n        if (head.?.val == target) return index;\n        head = head.?.next;\n        index += 1;\n    }\n    return -1;\n}\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/linked_list/#422-vs","title":"4.2.2 \u00a0 \u6570\u7ec4 vs. \u94fe\u8868","text":"

    \u8868 4-1 \u603b\u7ed3\u4e86\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u5404\u9879\u7279\u70b9\u5e76\u5bf9\u6bd4\u4e86\u64cd\u4f5c\u6548\u7387\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5b83\u4eec\u91c7\u7528\u4e24\u79cd\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5404\u79cd\u6027\u8d28\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u6548\u7387\u4e5f\u5448\u73b0\u5bf9\u7acb\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u3002

    \u8868 4-1 \u00a0 \u6570\u7ec4\u4e0e\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u6548\u7387\u5bf9\u6bd4

    \u6570\u7ec4 \u94fe\u8868 \u5b58\u50a8\u65b9\u5f0f \u8fde\u7eed\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4 \u5206\u6563\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4 \u5bb9\u91cf\u6269\u5c55 \u957f\u5ea6\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8 \u53ef\u7075\u6d3b\u6269\u5c55 \u5185\u5b58\u6548\u7387 \u5143\u7d20\u5360\u7528\u5185\u5b58\u5c11\u3001\u4f46\u53ef\u80fd\u6d6a\u8d39\u7a7a\u95f4 \u5143\u7d20\u5360\u7528\u5185\u5b58\u591a \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 \\(O(1)\\) \\(O(n)\\) \u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20 \\(O(n)\\) \\(O(1)\\) \u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20 \\(O(n)\\) \\(O(1)\\)"},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/linked_list/#423","title":"4.2.3 \u00a0 \u5e38\u89c1\u94fe\u8868\u7c7b\u578b","text":"

    \u5982\u56fe 4-8 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u94fe\u8868\u7c7b\u578b\u5305\u62ec\u4e09\u79cd\u3002

    • \u5355\u5411\u94fe\u8868\uff1a\u5373\u524d\u9762\u4ecb\u7ecd\u7684\u666e\u901a\u94fe\u8868\u3002\u5355\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u5305\u542b\u503c\u548c\u6307\u5411\u4e0b\u4e00\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u4e24\u9879\u6570\u636e\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u9996\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u79f0\u4e3a\u5934\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5c06\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u79f0\u4e3a\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u6307\u5411\u7a7a None \u3002
    • \u73af\u5f62\u94fe\u8868\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u4ee4\u5355\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u6307\u5411\u5934\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u9996\u5c3e\u76f8\u63a5\uff09\uff0c\u5219\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u73af\u5f62\u94fe\u8868\u3002\u5728\u73af\u5f62\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\uff0c\u4efb\u610f\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u89c6\u4f5c\u5934\u8282\u70b9\u3002
    • \u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\uff1a\u4e0e\u5355\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u3002\u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u5b9a\u4e49\u540c\u65f6\u5305\u542b\u6307\u5411\u540e\u7ee7\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\uff09\u548c\u524d\u9a71\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\uff09\u7684\u5f15\u7528\uff08\u6307\u9488\uff09\u3002\u76f8\u8f83\u4e8e\u5355\u5411\u94fe\u8868\uff0c\u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u66f4\u5177\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u671d\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411\u904d\u5386\u94fe\u8868\uff0c\u4f46\u76f8\u5e94\u5730\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u5360\u7528\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002
    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig 
    class ListNode:\n    \"\"\"\u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b\"\"\"\n    def __init__(self, val: int):\n        self.val: int = val                # \u8282\u70b9\u503c\n        self.next: ListNode | None = None  # \u6307\u5411\u540e\u7ee7\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5f15\u7528\n        self.prev: ListNode | None = None  # \u6307\u5411\u524d\u9a71\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5f15\u7528\n
    /* \u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53 */\nstruct ListNode {\n    int val;         // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\n    ListNode *next;  // \u6307\u5411\u540e\u7ee7\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6307\u9488\n    ListNode *prev;  // \u6307\u5411\u524d\u9a71\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6307\u9488\n    ListNode(int x) : val(x), next(nullptr), prev(nullptr) {}  // \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\n};\n
    /* \u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b */\nclass ListNode {\n    int val;        // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\n    ListNode next;  // \u6307\u5411\u540e\u7ee7\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5f15\u7528\n    ListNode prev;  // \u6307\u5411\u524d\u9a71\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5f15\u7528\n    ListNode(int x) { val = x; }  // \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\n}\n
    /* \u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b */\nclass ListNode(int x) {  // \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\n    int val = x;    // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\n    ListNode next;  // \u6307\u5411\u540e\u7ee7\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5f15\u7528\n    ListNode prev;  // \u6307\u5411\u524d\u9a71\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5f15\u7528\n}\n
    /* \u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53 */\ntype DoublyListNode struct {\n    Val  int             // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\n    Next *DoublyListNode // \u6307\u5411\u540e\u7ee7\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6307\u9488\n    Prev *DoublyListNode // \u6307\u5411\u524d\u9a71\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6307\u9488\n}\n\n// NewDoublyListNode \u521d\u59cb\u5316\nfunc NewDoublyListNode(val int) *DoublyListNode {\n    return &DoublyListNode{\n        Val:  val,\n        Next: nil,\n        Prev: nil,\n    }\n}\n
    /* \u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b */\nclass ListNode {\n    var val: Int // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\n    var next: ListNode? // \u6307\u5411\u540e\u7ee7\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5f15\u7528\n    var prev: ListNode? // \u6307\u5411\u524d\u9a71\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5f15\u7528\n\n    init(x: Int) { // \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\n        val = x\n    }\n}\n
    /* \u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b */\nclass ListNode {\n    constructor(val, next, prev) {\n        this.val = val  ===  undefined ? 0 : val;        // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\n        this.next = next  ===  undefined ? null : next;  // \u6307\u5411\u540e\u7ee7\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5f15\u7528\n        this.prev = prev  ===  undefined ? null : prev;  // \u6307\u5411\u524d\u9a71\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5f15\u7528\n    }\n}\n
    /* \u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b */\nclass ListNode {\n    val: number;\n    next: ListNode | null;\n    prev: ListNode | null;\n    constructor(val?: number, next?: ListNode | null, prev?: ListNode | null) {\n        this.val = val  ===  undefined ? 0 : val;        // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\n        this.next = next  ===  undefined ? null : next;  // \u6307\u5411\u540e\u7ee7\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5f15\u7528\n        this.prev = prev  ===  undefined ? null : prev;  // \u6307\u5411\u524d\u9a71\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5f15\u7528\n    }\n}\n
    /* \u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b */\nclass ListNode {\n    int val;        // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\n    ListNode next;  // \u6307\u5411\u540e\u7ee7\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5f15\u7528\n    ListNode prev;  // \u6307\u5411\u524d\u9a71\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5f15\u7528\n    ListNode(this.val, [this.next, this.prev]);  // \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\n}\n
    use std::rc::Rc;\nuse std::cell::RefCell;\n\n/* \u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b\u578b */\n#[derive(Debug)]\nstruct ListNode {\n    val: i32, // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\n    next: Option<Rc<RefCell<ListNode>>>, // \u6307\u5411\u540e\u7ee7\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6307\u9488\n    prev: Option<Rc<RefCell<ListNode>>>, // \u6307\u5411\u524d\u9a71\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6307\u9488\n}\n\n/* \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570 */\nimpl ListNode {\n    fn new(val: i32) -> Self {\n        ListNode {\n            val,\n            next: None,\n            prev: None,\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    /* \u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53 */\ntypedef struct ListNode {\n    int val;               // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\n    struct ListNode *next; // \u6307\u5411\u540e\u7ee7\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6307\u9488\n    struct ListNode *prev; // \u6307\u5411\u524d\u9a71\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6307\u9488\n} ListNode;\n\n/* \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570 */\nListNode *newListNode(int val) {\n    ListNode *node;\n    node = (ListNode *) malloc(sizeof(ListNode));\n    node->val = val;\n    node->next = NULL;\n    node->prev = NULL;\n    return node;\n}\n
    // \u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b\npub fn ListNode(comptime T: type) type {\n    return struct {\n        const Self = @This();\n\n        val: T = 0, // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\n        next: ?*Self = null, // \u6307\u5411\u540e\u7ee7\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6307\u9488\n        prev: ?*Self = null, // \u6307\u5411\u524d\u9a71\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6307\u9488\n\n        // \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\n        pub fn init(self: *Self, x: i32) void {\n            self.val = x;\n            self.next = null;\n            self.prev = null;\n        }\n    };\n}\n

    \u56fe 4-8 \u00a0 \u5e38\u89c1\u94fe\u8868\u79cd\u7c7b

    "},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/linked_list/#424","title":"4.2.4 \u00a0 \u94fe\u8868\u5178\u578b\u5e94\u7528","text":"

    \u5355\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0\u6808\u3001\u961f\u5217\u3001\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u548c\u56fe\u7b49\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u3002

    • \u6808\u4e0e\u961f\u5217\uff1a\u5f53\u63d2\u5165\u548c\u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c\u90fd\u5728\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u4e00\u7aef\u8fdb\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u5148\u8fdb\u540e\u51fa\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u5bf9\u5e94\u6808\uff1b\u5f53\u63d2\u5165\u64cd\u4f5c\u5728\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u4e00\u7aef\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c\u5728\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u7aef\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u5b83\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u5148\u8fdb\u5148\u51fa\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u5bf9\u5e94\u961f\u5217\u3002
    • \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff1a\u94fe\u5f0f\u5730\u5740\u662f\u89e3\u51b3\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u4e3b\u6d41\u65b9\u6848\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5728\u8be5\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u653e\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u3002
    • \u56fe\uff1a\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u662f\u8868\u793a\u56fe\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u5e38\u7528\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u56fe\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u9876\u70b9\u90fd\u4e0e\u4e00\u4e2a\u94fe\u8868\u76f8\u5173\u8054\uff0c\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u4ee3\u8868\u4e0e\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u76f8\u8fde\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u9876\u70b9\u3002

    \u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u5feb\u901f\u67e5\u627e\u524d\u4e00\u4e2a\u548c\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u573a\u666f\u3002

    • \u9ad8\u7ea7\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a\u6bd4\u5982\u5728\u7ea2\u9ed1\u6811\u3001B \u6811\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u8bbf\u95ee\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7236\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u8282\u70b9\u4e2d\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u5411\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u3002
    • \u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u5386\u53f2\uff1a\u5728\u7f51\u9875\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f53\u7528\u6237\u70b9\u51fb\u524d\u8fdb\u6216\u540e\u9000\u6309\u94ae\u65f6\uff0c\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u9700\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u7528\u6237\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u524d\u4e00\u4e2a\u548c\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51\u9875\u3002\u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u7279\u6027\u4f7f\u5f97\u8fd9\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u53d8\u5f97\u7b80\u5355\u3002
    • LRU \u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5728\u7f13\u5b58\u6dd8\u6c70\uff08LRU\uff09\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5feb\u901f\u627e\u5230\u6700\u8fd1\u6700\u5c11\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u652f\u6301\u5feb\u901f\u6dfb\u52a0\u548c\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\u5019\u4f7f\u7528\u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u5c31\u975e\u5e38\u5408\u9002\u3002

    \u73af\u5f62\u94fe\u8868\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u5468\u671f\u6027\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u8c03\u5ea6\u3002

    • \u65f6\u95f4\u7247\u8f6e\u8f6c\u8c03\u5ea6\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5728\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u7247\u8f6e\u8f6c\u8c03\u5ea6\u7b97\u6cd5\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5e38\u89c1\u7684 CPU \u8c03\u5ea6\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b83\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u4e00\u7ec4\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8fdb\u884c\u5faa\u73af\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u88ab\u8d4b\u4e88\u4e00\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u7247\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u95f4\u7247\u7528\u5b8c\u65f6\uff0cCPU \u5c06\u5207\u6362\u5230\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5faa\u73af\u64cd\u4f5c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u73af\u5f62\u94fe\u8868\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002
    • \u6570\u636e\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\uff1a\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u73af\u5f62\u94fe\u8868\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u5728\u97f3\u9891\u3001\u89c6\u9891\u64ad\u653e\u5668\u4e2d\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u6d41\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u5206\u6210\u591a\u4e2a\u7f13\u51b2\u5757\u5e76\u653e\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u73af\u5f62\u94fe\u8868\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5b9e\u73b0\u65e0\u7f1d\u64ad\u653e\u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/list/","title":"4.3 \u00a0 \u5217\u8868","text":"

    \u300c\u5217\u8868 list\u300d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5b83\u8868\u793a\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6709\u5e8f\u96c6\u5408\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u5143\u7d20\u8bbf\u95ee\u3001\u4fee\u6539\u3001\u6dfb\u52a0\u3001\u5220\u9664\u548c\u904d\u5386\u7b49\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u65e0\u987b\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u8003\u8651\u5bb9\u91cf\u9650\u5236\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5217\u8868\u53ef\u4ee5\u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u6216\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002

    • \u94fe\u8868\u5929\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u4f5c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u5176\u652f\u6301\u5143\u7d20\u589e\u5220\u67e5\u6539\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u7075\u6d3b\u52a8\u6001\u6269\u5bb9\u3002
    • \u6570\u7ec4\u4e5f\u652f\u6301\u5143\u7d20\u589e\u5220\u67e5\u6539\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u5176\u957f\u5ea6\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53ea\u80fd\u770b\u4f5c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u6709\u957f\u5ea6\u9650\u5236\u7684\u5217\u8868\u3002

    \u5f53\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u5217\u8868\u65f6\uff0c\u957f\u5ea6\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5217\u8868\u7684\u5b9e\u7528\u6027\u964d\u4f4e\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u65e0\u6cd5\u4e8b\u5148\u786e\u5b9a\u9700\u8981\u5b58\u50a8\u591a\u5c11\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u96be\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u5217\u8868\u957f\u5ea6\u3002\u82e5\u957f\u5ea6\u8fc7\u5c0f\uff0c\u5219\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u6ee1\u8db3\u4f7f\u7528\u9700\u6c42\uff1b\u82e5\u957f\u5ea6\u8fc7\u5927\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u6d6a\u8d39\u3002

    \u4e3a\u89e3\u51b3\u6b64\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u300c\u52a8\u6001\u6570\u7ec4 dynamic array\u300d\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u5217\u8868\u3002\u5b83\u7ee7\u627f\u4e86\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5404\u9879\u4f18\u70b9\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u52a8\u6001\u6269\u5bb9\u3002

    \u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u5217\u8868\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u52a8\u6001\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 Python \u4e2d\u7684 list \u3001Java \u4e2d\u7684 ArrayList \u3001C++ \u4e2d\u7684 vector \u548c C# \u4e2d\u7684 List \u7b49\u3002\u5728\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u628a\u201c\u5217\u8868\u201d\u548c\u201c\u52a8\u6001\u6570\u7ec4\u201d\u89c6\u4e3a\u7b49\u540c\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/list/#431","title":"4.3.1 \u00a0 \u5217\u8868\u5e38\u7528\u64cd\u4f5c","text":""},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/list/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5217\u8868","text":"

    \u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u201c\u65e0\u521d\u59cb\u503c\u201d\u548c\u201c\u6709\u521d\u59cb\u503c\u201d\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig list.py
    # \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5217\u8868\n# \u65e0\u521d\u59cb\u503c\nnums1: list[int] = []\n# \u6709\u521d\u59cb\u503c\nnums: list[int] = [1, 3, 2, 5, 4]\n
    list.cpp
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5217\u8868 */\n// \u9700\u6ce8\u610f\uff0cC++ \u4e2d vector \u5373\u662f\u672c\u6587\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684 nums\n// \u65e0\u521d\u59cb\u503c\nvector<int> nums1;\n// \u6709\u521d\u59cb\u503c\nvector<int> nums = { 1, 3, 2, 5, 4 };\n
    list.java
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5217\u8868 */\n// \u65e0\u521d\u59cb\u503c\nList<Integer> nums1 = new ArrayList<>();\n// \u6709\u521d\u59cb\u503c\uff08\u6ce8\u610f\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u7c7b\u578b\u9700\u4e3a int[] \u7684\u5305\u88c5\u7c7b Integer[]\uff09\nInteger[] numbers = new Integer[] { 1, 3, 2, 5, 4 };\nList<Integer> nums = new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList(numbers));\n
    list.cs
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5217\u8868 */\n// \u65e0\u521d\u59cb\u503c\nList<int> nums1 = [];\n// \u6709\u521d\u59cb\u503c\nint[] numbers = [1, 3, 2, 5, 4];\nList<int> nums = [.. numbers];\n
    list_test.go
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5217\u8868 */\n// \u65e0\u521d\u59cb\u503c\nnums1 := []int{}\n// \u6709\u521d\u59cb\u503c\nnums := []int{1, 3, 2, 5, 4}\n
    list.swift
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5217\u8868 */\n// \u65e0\u521d\u59cb\u503c\nlet nums1: [Int] = []\n// \u6709\u521d\u59cb\u503c\nvar nums = [1, 3, 2, 5, 4]\n
    list.js
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5217\u8868 */\n// \u65e0\u521d\u59cb\u503c\nconst nums1 = [];\n// \u6709\u521d\u59cb\u503c\nconst nums = [1, 3, 2, 5, 4];\n
    list.ts
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5217\u8868 */\n// \u65e0\u521d\u59cb\u503c\nconst nums1: number[] = [];\n// \u6709\u521d\u59cb\u503c\nconst nums: number[] = [1, 3, 2, 5, 4];\n
    list.dart
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5217\u8868 */\n// \u65e0\u521d\u59cb\u503c\nList<int> nums1 = [];\n// \u6709\u521d\u59cb\u503c\nList<int> nums = [1, 3, 2, 5, 4];\n
    list.rs
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5217\u8868 */\n// \u65e0\u521d\u59cb\u503c\nlet nums1: Vec<i32> = Vec::new();\n// \u6709\u521d\u59cb\u503c\nlet nums: Vec<i32> = vec![1, 3, 2, 5, 4];\n
    list.c
    // C \u672a\u63d0\u4f9b\u5185\u7f6e\u52a8\u6001\u6570\u7ec4\n
    list.zig
    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5217\u8868\nvar nums = std.ArrayList(i32).init(std.heap.page_allocator);\ndefer nums.deinit();\ntry nums.appendSlice(&[_]i32{ 1, 3, 2, 5, 4 });\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/list/#2","title":"2. \u00a0 \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20","text":"

    \u5217\u8868\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728 \\(O(1)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u8bbf\u95ee\u548c\u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u6548\u7387\u5f88\u9ad8\u3002

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig list.py
    # \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20\nnum: int = nums[1]  # \u8bbf\u95ee\u7d22\u5f15 1 \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n\n# \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\nnums[1] = 0    # \u5c06\u7d22\u5f15 1 \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u66f4\u65b0\u4e3a 0\n
    list.cpp
    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\nint num = nums[1];  // \u8bbf\u95ee\u7d22\u5f15 1 \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20 */\nnums[1] = 0;  // \u5c06\u7d22\u5f15 1 \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u66f4\u65b0\u4e3a 0\n
    list.java
    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\nint num = nums.get(1);  // \u8bbf\u95ee\u7d22\u5f15 1 \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20 */\nnums.set(1, 0);  // \u5c06\u7d22\u5f15 1 \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u66f4\u65b0\u4e3a 0\n
    list.cs
    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\nint num = nums[1];  // \u8bbf\u95ee\u7d22\u5f15 1 \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20 */\nnums[1] = 0;  // \u5c06\u7d22\u5f15 1 \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u66f4\u65b0\u4e3a 0\n
    list_test.go
    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\nnum := nums[1]  // \u8bbf\u95ee\u7d22\u5f15 1 \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20 */\nnums[1] = 0     // \u5c06\u7d22\u5f15 1 \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u66f4\u65b0\u4e3a 0\n
    list.swift
    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\nlet num = nums[1] // \u8bbf\u95ee\u7d22\u5f15 1 \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20 */\nnums[1] = 0 // \u5c06\u7d22\u5f15 1 \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u66f4\u65b0\u4e3a 0\n
    list.js
    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\nconst num = nums[1];  // \u8bbf\u95ee\u7d22\u5f15 1 \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20 */\nnums[1] = 0;  // \u5c06\u7d22\u5f15 1 \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u66f4\u65b0\u4e3a 0\n
    list.ts
    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\nconst num: number = nums[1];  // \u8bbf\u95ee\u7d22\u5f15 1 \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20 */\nnums[1] = 0;  // \u5c06\u7d22\u5f15 1 \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u66f4\u65b0\u4e3a 0\n
    list.dart
    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\nint num = nums[1];  // \u8bbf\u95ee\u7d22\u5f15 1 \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20 */\nnums[1] = 0;  // \u5c06\u7d22\u5f15 1 \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u66f4\u65b0\u4e3a 0\n
    list.rs
    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\nlet num: i32 = nums[1];  // \u8bbf\u95ee\u7d22\u5f15 1 \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20 */\nnums[1] = 0;             // \u5c06\u7d22\u5f15 1 \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u66f4\u65b0\u4e3a 0\n
    list.c
    // C \u672a\u63d0\u4f9b\u5185\u7f6e\u52a8\u6001\u6570\u7ec4\n
    list.zig
    // \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20\nvar num = nums.items[1]; // \u8bbf\u95ee\u7d22\u5f15 1 \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\nnums.items[1] = 0; // \u5c06\u7d22\u5f15 1 \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u66f4\u65b0\u4e3a 0  \n
    "},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/list/#3","title":"3. \u00a0 \u63d2\u5165\u4e0e\u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20","text":"

    \u76f8\u8f83\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5217\u8868\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u7531\u5730\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e0e\u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u5728\u5217\u8868\u5c3e\u90e8\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(1)\\) \uff0c\u4f46\u63d2\u5165\u548c\u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6548\u7387\u4ecd\u4e0e\u6570\u7ec4\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n)\\) \u3002

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig list.py
    # \u6e05\u7a7a\u5217\u8868\nnums.clear()\n\n# \u5728\u5c3e\u90e8\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20\nnums.append(1)\nnums.append(3)\nnums.append(2)\nnums.append(5)\nnums.append(4)\n\n# \u5728\u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20\nnums.insert(3, 6)  # \u5728\u7d22\u5f15 3 \u5904\u63d2\u5165\u6570\u5b57 6\n\n# \u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20\nnums.pop(3)        # \u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 3 \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n
    list.cpp
    /* \u6e05\u7a7a\u5217\u8868 */\nnums.clear();\n\n/* \u5728\u5c3e\u90e8\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20 */\nnums.push_back(1);\nnums.push_back(3);\nnums.push_back(2);\nnums.push_back(5);\nnums.push_back(4);\n\n/* \u5728\u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20 */\nnums.insert(nums.begin() + 3, 6);  // \u5728\u7d22\u5f15 3 \u5904\u63d2\u5165\u6570\u5b57 6\n\n/* \u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20 */\nnums.erase(nums.begin() + 3);      // \u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 3 \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n
    list.java
    /* \u6e05\u7a7a\u5217\u8868 */\nnums.clear();\n\n/* \u5728\u5c3e\u90e8\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20 */\nnums.add(1);\nnums.add(3);\nnums.add(2);\nnums.add(5);\nnums.add(4);\n\n/* \u5728\u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20 */\nnums.add(3, 6);  // \u5728\u7d22\u5f15 3 \u5904\u63d2\u5165\u6570\u5b57 6\n\n/* \u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20 */\nnums.remove(3);  // \u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 3 \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n
    list.cs
    /* \u6e05\u7a7a\u5217\u8868 */\nnums.Clear();\n\n/* \u5728\u5c3e\u90e8\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20 */\nnums.Add(1);\nnums.Add(3);\nnums.Add(2);\nnums.Add(5);\nnums.Add(4);\n\n/* \u5728\u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20 */\nnums.Insert(3, 6);\n\n/* \u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20 */\nnums.RemoveAt(3);\n
    list_test.go
    /* \u6e05\u7a7a\u5217\u8868 */\nnums = nil\n\n/* \u5728\u5c3e\u90e8\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20 */\nnums = append(nums, 1)\nnums = append(nums, 3)\nnums = append(nums, 2)\nnums = append(nums, 5)\nnums = append(nums, 4)\n\n/* \u5728\u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20 */\nnums = append(nums[:3], append([]int{6}, nums[3:]...)...) // \u5728\u7d22\u5f15 3 \u5904\u63d2\u5165\u6570\u5b57 6\n\n/* \u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20 */\nnums = append(nums[:3], nums[4:]...) // \u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 3 \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n
    list.swift
    /* \u6e05\u7a7a\u5217\u8868 */\nnums.removeAll()\n\n/* \u5728\u5c3e\u90e8\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20 */\nnums.append(1)\nnums.append(3)\nnums.append(2)\nnums.append(5)\nnums.append(4)\n\n/* \u5728\u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20 */\nnums.insert(6, at: 3) // \u5728\u7d22\u5f15 3 \u5904\u63d2\u5165\u6570\u5b57 6\n\n/* \u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20 */\nnums.remove(at: 3) // \u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 3 \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n
    list.js
    /* \u6e05\u7a7a\u5217\u8868 */\nnums.length = 0;\n\n/* \u5728\u5c3e\u90e8\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20 */\nnums.push(1);\nnums.push(3);\nnums.push(2);\nnums.push(5);\nnums.push(4);\n\n/* \u5728\u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20 */\nnums.splice(3, 0, 6);\n\n/* \u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20 */\nnums.splice(3, 1);\n
    list.ts
    /* \u6e05\u7a7a\u5217\u8868 */\nnums.length = 0;\n\n/* \u5728\u5c3e\u90e8\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20 */\nnums.push(1);\nnums.push(3);\nnums.push(2);\nnums.push(5);\nnums.push(4);\n\n/* \u5728\u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20 */\nnums.splice(3, 0, 6);\n\n/* \u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20 */\nnums.splice(3, 1);\n
    list.dart
    /* \u6e05\u7a7a\u5217\u8868 */\nnums.clear();\n\n/* \u5728\u5c3e\u90e8\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20 */\nnums.add(1);\nnums.add(3);\nnums.add(2);\nnums.add(5);\nnums.add(4);\n\n/* \u5728\u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20 */\nnums.insert(3, 6); // \u5728\u7d22\u5f15 3 \u5904\u63d2\u5165\u6570\u5b57 6\n\n/* \u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20 */\nnums.removeAt(3); // \u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 3 \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n
    list.rs
    /* \u6e05\u7a7a\u5217\u8868 */\nnums.clear();\n\n/* \u5728\u5c3e\u90e8\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20 */\nnums.push(1);\nnums.push(3);\nnums.push(2);\nnums.push(5);\nnums.push(4);\n\n/* \u5728\u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20 */\nnums.insert(3, 6);  // \u5728\u7d22\u5f15 3 \u5904\u63d2\u5165\u6570\u5b57 6\n\n/* \u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20 */\nnums.remove(3);    // \u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 3 \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n
    list.c
    // C \u672a\u63d0\u4f9b\u5185\u7f6e\u52a8\u6001\u6570\u7ec4\n
    list.zig
    // \u6e05\u7a7a\u5217\u8868\nnums.clearRetainingCapacity();\n\n// \u5728\u5c3e\u90e8\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20\ntry nums.append(1);\ntry nums.append(3);\ntry nums.append(2);\ntry nums.append(5);\ntry nums.append(4);\n\n// \u5728\u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20\ntry nums.insert(3, 6); // \u5728\u7d22\u5f15 3 \u5904\u63d2\u5165\u6570\u5b57 6\n\n// \u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20\n_ = nums.orderedRemove(3); // \u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 3 \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/list/#4","title":"4. \u00a0 \u904d\u5386\u5217\u8868","text":"

    \u4e0e\u6570\u7ec4\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5217\u8868\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u7d22\u5f15\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u3002

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig list.py
    # \u901a\u8fc7\u7d22\u5f15\u904d\u5386\u5217\u8868\ncount = 0\nfor i in range(len(nums)):\n    count += nums[i]\n\n# \u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\nfor num in nums:\n    count += num\n
    list.cpp
    /* \u901a\u8fc7\u7d22\u5f15\u904d\u5386\u5217\u8868 */\nint count = 0;\nfor (int i = 0; i < nums.size(); i++) {\n    count += nums[i];\n}\n\n/* \u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20 */\ncount = 0;\nfor (int num : nums) {\n    count += num;\n}\n
    list.java
    /* \u901a\u8fc7\u7d22\u5f15\u904d\u5386\u5217\u8868 */\nint count = 0;\nfor (int i = 0; i < nums.size(); i++) {\n    count += nums.get(i);\n}\n\n/* \u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20 */\nfor (int num : nums) {\n    count += num;\n}\n
    list.cs
    /* \u901a\u8fc7\u7d22\u5f15\u904d\u5386\u5217\u8868 */\nint count = 0;\nfor (int i = 0; i < nums.Count; i++) {\n    count += nums[i];\n}\n\n/* \u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20 */\ncount = 0;\nforeach (int num in nums) {\n    count += num;\n}\n
    list_test.go
    /* \u901a\u8fc7\u7d22\u5f15\u904d\u5386\u5217\u8868 */\ncount := 0\nfor i := 0; i < len(nums); i++ {\n    count += nums[i]\n}\n\n/* \u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20 */\ncount = 0\nfor _, num := range nums {\n    count += num\n}\n
    list.swift
    /* \u901a\u8fc7\u7d22\u5f15\u904d\u5386\u5217\u8868 */\nvar count = 0\nfor i in nums.indices {\n    count += nums[i]\n}\n\n/* \u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20 */\ncount = 0\nfor num in nums {\n    count += num\n}\n
    list.js
    /* \u901a\u8fc7\u7d22\u5f15\u904d\u5386\u5217\u8868 */\nlet count = 0;\nfor (let i = 0; i < nums.length; i++) {\n    count += nums[i];\n}\n\n/* \u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20 */\ncount = 0;\nfor (const num of nums) {\n    count += num;\n}\n
    list.ts
    /* \u901a\u8fc7\u7d22\u5f15\u904d\u5386\u5217\u8868 */\nlet count = 0;\nfor (let i = 0; i < nums.length; i++) {\n    count += nums[i];\n}\n\n/* \u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20 */\ncount = 0;\nfor (const num of nums) {\n    count += num;\n}\n
    list.dart
    /* \u901a\u8fc7\u7d22\u5f15\u904d\u5386\u5217\u8868 */\nint count = 0;\nfor (var i = 0; i < nums.length; i++) {\n    count += nums[i];\n}\n\n/* \u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20 */\ncount = 0;\nfor (var num in nums) {\n    count += num;\n}\n
    list.rs
    // \u901a\u8fc7\u7d22\u5f15\u904d\u5386\u5217\u8868\nlet mut _count = 0;\nfor i in 0..nums.len() {\n    _count += nums[i];\n}\n\n// \u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\n_count = 0;\nfor num in &nums {\n    _count += num;\n}\n
    list.c
    // C \u672a\u63d0\u4f9b\u5185\u7f6e\u52a8\u6001\u6570\u7ec4\n
    list.zig
    // \u901a\u8fc7\u7d22\u5f15\u904d\u5386\u5217\u8868\nvar count: i32 = 0;\nvar i: i32 = 0;\nwhile (i < nums.items.len) : (i += 1) {\n    count += nums[i];\n}\n\n// \u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\ncount = 0;\nfor (nums.items) |num| {\n    count += num;\n}\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/list/#5","title":"5. \u00a0 \u62fc\u63a5\u5217\u8868","text":"

    \u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u5217\u8868 nums1 \uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u5176\u62fc\u63a5\u5230\u539f\u5217\u8868\u7684\u5c3e\u90e8\u3002

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig list.py
    # \u62fc\u63a5\u4e24\u4e2a\u5217\u8868\nnums1: list[int] = [6, 8, 7, 10, 9]\nnums += nums1  # \u5c06\u5217\u8868 nums1 \u62fc\u63a5\u5230 nums \u4e4b\u540e\n
    list.cpp
    /* \u62fc\u63a5\u4e24\u4e2a\u5217\u8868 */\nvector<int> nums1 = { 6, 8, 7, 10, 9 };\n// \u5c06\u5217\u8868 nums1 \u62fc\u63a5\u5230 nums \u4e4b\u540e\nnums.insert(nums.end(), nums1.begin(), nums1.end());\n
    list.java
    /* \u62fc\u63a5\u4e24\u4e2a\u5217\u8868 */\nList<Integer> nums1 = new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList(new Integer[] { 6, 8, 7, 10, 9 }));\nnums.addAll(nums1);  // \u5c06\u5217\u8868 nums1 \u62fc\u63a5\u5230 nums \u4e4b\u540e\n
    list.cs
    /* \u62fc\u63a5\u4e24\u4e2a\u5217\u8868 */\nList<int> nums1 = [6, 8, 7, 10, 9];\nnums.AddRange(nums1);  // \u5c06\u5217\u8868 nums1 \u62fc\u63a5\u5230 nums \u4e4b\u540e\n
    list_test.go
    /* \u62fc\u63a5\u4e24\u4e2a\u5217\u8868 */\nnums1 := []int{6, 8, 7, 10, 9}\nnums = append(nums, nums1...)  // \u5c06\u5217\u8868 nums1 \u62fc\u63a5\u5230 nums \u4e4b\u540e\n
    list.swift
    /* \u62fc\u63a5\u4e24\u4e2a\u5217\u8868 */\nlet nums1 = [6, 8, 7, 10, 9]\nnums.append(contentsOf: nums1) // \u5c06\u5217\u8868 nums1 \u62fc\u63a5\u5230 nums \u4e4b\u540e\n
    list.js
    /* \u62fc\u63a5\u4e24\u4e2a\u5217\u8868 */\nconst nums1 = [6, 8, 7, 10, 9];\nnums.push(...nums1);  // \u5c06\u5217\u8868 nums1 \u62fc\u63a5\u5230 nums \u4e4b\u540e\n
    list.ts
    /* \u62fc\u63a5\u4e24\u4e2a\u5217\u8868 */\nconst nums1: number[] = [6, 8, 7, 10, 9];\nnums.push(...nums1);  // \u5c06\u5217\u8868 nums1 \u62fc\u63a5\u5230 nums \u4e4b\u540e\n
    list.dart
    /* \u62fc\u63a5\u4e24\u4e2a\u5217\u8868 */\nList<int> nums1 = [6, 8, 7, 10, 9];\nnums.addAll(nums1);  // \u5c06\u5217\u8868 nums1 \u62fc\u63a5\u5230 nums \u4e4b\u540e\n
    list.rs
    /* \u62fc\u63a5\u4e24\u4e2a\u5217\u8868 */\nlet nums1: Vec<i32> = vec![6, 8, 7, 10, 9];\nnums.extend(nums1);\n
    list.c
    // C \u672a\u63d0\u4f9b\u5185\u7f6e\u52a8\u6001\u6570\u7ec4\n
    list.zig
    // \u62fc\u63a5\u4e24\u4e2a\u5217\u8868\nvar nums1 = std.ArrayList(i32).init(std.heap.page_allocator);\ndefer nums1.deinit();\ntry nums1.appendSlice(&[_]i32{ 6, 8, 7, 10, 9 });\ntry nums.insertSlice(nums.items.len, nums1.items); // \u5c06\u5217\u8868 nums1 \u62fc\u63a5\u5230 nums \u4e4b\u540e\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/list/#6","title":"6. \u00a0 \u6392\u5e8f\u5217\u8868","text":"

    \u5b8c\u6210\u5217\u8868\u6392\u5e8f\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4fbf\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u7c7b\u7b97\u6cd5\u9898\u4e2d\u7ecf\u5e38\u8003\u67e5\u7684\u201c\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u201d\u548c\u201c\u53cc\u6307\u9488\u201d\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig list.py
    # \u6392\u5e8f\u5217\u8868\nnums.sort()  # \u6392\u5e8f\u540e\uff0c\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\u4ece\u5c0f\u5230\u5927\u6392\u5217\n
    list.cpp
    /* \u6392\u5e8f\u5217\u8868 */\nsort(nums.begin(), nums.end());  // \u6392\u5e8f\u540e\uff0c\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\u4ece\u5c0f\u5230\u5927\u6392\u5217\n
    list.java
    /* \u6392\u5e8f\u5217\u8868 */\nCollections.sort(nums);  // \u6392\u5e8f\u540e\uff0c\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\u4ece\u5c0f\u5230\u5927\u6392\u5217\n
    list.cs
    /* \u6392\u5e8f\u5217\u8868 */\nnums.Sort(); // \u6392\u5e8f\u540e\uff0c\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\u4ece\u5c0f\u5230\u5927\u6392\u5217\n
    list_test.go
    /* \u6392\u5e8f\u5217\u8868 */\nsort.Ints(nums)  // \u6392\u5e8f\u540e\uff0c\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\u4ece\u5c0f\u5230\u5927\u6392\u5217\n
    list.swift
    /* \u6392\u5e8f\u5217\u8868 */\nnums.sort() // \u6392\u5e8f\u540e\uff0c\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\u4ece\u5c0f\u5230\u5927\u6392\u5217\n
    list.js
    /* \u6392\u5e8f\u5217\u8868 */  \nnums.sort((a, b) => a - b);  // \u6392\u5e8f\u540e\uff0c\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\u4ece\u5c0f\u5230\u5927\u6392\u5217\n
    list.ts
    /* \u6392\u5e8f\u5217\u8868 */\nnums.sort((a, b) => a - b);  // \u6392\u5e8f\u540e\uff0c\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\u4ece\u5c0f\u5230\u5927\u6392\u5217\n
    list.dart
    /* \u6392\u5e8f\u5217\u8868 */\nnums.sort(); // \u6392\u5e8f\u540e\uff0c\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\u4ece\u5c0f\u5230\u5927\u6392\u5217\n
    list.rs
    /* \u6392\u5e8f\u5217\u8868 */\nnums.sort(); // \u6392\u5e8f\u540e\uff0c\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\u4ece\u5c0f\u5230\u5927\u6392\u5217\n
    list.c
    // C \u672a\u63d0\u4f9b\u5185\u7f6e\u52a8\u6001\u6570\u7ec4\n
    list.zig
    // \u6392\u5e8f\u5217\u8868\nstd.sort.sort(i32, nums.items, {}, comptime std.sort.asc(i32));\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/list/#432","title":"4.3.2 \u00a0 \u5217\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0","text":"

    \u8bb8\u591a\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u5185\u7f6e\u4e86\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 Java\u3001C++\u3001Python \u7b49\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u6bd4\u8f83\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u5404\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u8bbe\u5b9a\u4e5f\u975e\u5e38\u8003\u7a76\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u521d\u59cb\u5bb9\u91cf\u3001\u6269\u5bb9\u500d\u6570\u7b49\u3002\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u8bfb\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u67e5\u9605\u6e90\u7801\u8fdb\u884c\u5b66\u4e60\u3002

    \u4e3a\u4e86\u52a0\u6df1\u5bf9\u5217\u8868\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u6613\u7248\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e09\u4e2a\u91cd\u70b9\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3002

    • \u521d\u59cb\u5bb9\u91cf\uff1a\u9009\u53d6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5408\u7406\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u521d\u59cb\u5bb9\u91cf\u3002\u5728\u672c\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9009\u62e9 10 \u4f5c\u4e3a\u521d\u59cb\u5bb9\u91cf\u3002
    • \u6570\u91cf\u8bb0\u5f55\uff1a\u58f0\u660e\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf size \uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u5217\u8868\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u5e76\u968f\u7740\u5143\u7d20\u63d2\u5165\u548c\u5220\u9664\u5b9e\u65f6\u66f4\u65b0\u3002\u6839\u636e\u6b64\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5217\u8868\u5c3e\u90e8\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u9700\u8981\u6269\u5bb9\u3002
    • \u6269\u5bb9\u673a\u5236\uff1a\u82e5\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20\u65f6\u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\u5df2\u6ee1\uff0c\u5219\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u6269\u5bb9\u3002\u5148\u6839\u636e\u6269\u5bb9\u500d\u6570\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u518d\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u4f9d\u6b21\u79fb\u52a8\u81f3\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\u3002\u5728\u672c\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u89c4\u5b9a\u6bcf\u6b21\u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u6269\u5bb9\u81f3\u4e4b\u524d\u7684 2 \u500d\u3002
    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig my_list.py
    class MyList:\n    \"\"\"\u5217\u8868\u7c7b\"\"\"\n\n    def __init__(self):\n        \"\"\"\u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5\"\"\"\n        self._capacity: int = 10  # \u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\n        self._arr: list[int] = [0] * self._capacity  # \u6570\u7ec4\uff08\u5b58\u50a8\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\uff09\n        self._size: int = 0  # \u5217\u8868\u957f\u5ea6\uff08\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\uff09\n        self._extend_ratio: int = 2  # \u6bcf\u6b21\u5217\u8868\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u500d\u6570\n\n    def size(self) -> int:\n        \"\"\"\u83b7\u53d6\u5217\u8868\u957f\u5ea6\uff08\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\uff09\"\"\"\n        return self._size\n\n    def capacity(self) -> int:\n        \"\"\"\u83b7\u53d6\u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\"\"\"\n        return self._capacity\n\n    def get(self, index: int) -> int:\n        \"\"\"\u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20\"\"\"\n        # \u7d22\u5f15\u5982\u679c\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u629b\u51fa\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u4e0b\u540c\n        if index < 0 or index >= self._size:\n            raise IndexError(\"\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\")\n        return self._arr[index]\n\n    def set(self, num: int, index: int):\n        \"\"\"\u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\"\"\"\n        if index < 0 or index >= self._size:\n            raise IndexError(\"\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\")\n        self._arr[index] = num\n\n    def add(self, num: int):\n        \"\"\"\u5728\u5c3e\u90e8\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20\"\"\"\n        # \u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u8d85\u51fa\u5bb9\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u673a\u5236\n        if self.size() == self.capacity():\n            self.extend_capacity()\n        self._arr[self._size] = num\n        self._size += 1\n\n    def insert(self, num: int, index: int):\n        \"\"\"\u5728\u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20\"\"\"\n        if index < 0 or index >= self._size:\n            raise IndexError(\"\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\")\n        # \u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u8d85\u51fa\u5bb9\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u673a\u5236\n        if self._size == self.capacity():\n            self.extend_capacity()\n        # \u5c06\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4ee5\u53ca\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n        for j in range(self._size - 1, index - 1, -1):\n            self._arr[j + 1] = self._arr[j]\n        self._arr[index] = num\n        # \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\n        self._size += 1\n\n    def remove(self, index: int) -> int:\n        \"\"\"\u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20\"\"\"\n        if index < 0 or index >= self._size:\n            raise IndexError(\"\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\")\n        num = self._arr[index]\n        # \u7d22\u5f15 i \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u5411\u524d\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n        for j in range(index, self._size - 1):\n            self._arr[j] = self._arr[j + 1]\n        # \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\n        self._size -= 1\n        # \u8fd4\u56de\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n        return num\n\n    def extend_capacity(self):\n        \"\"\"\u5217\u8868\u6269\u5bb9\"\"\"\n        # \u65b0\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 _extend_ratio \u500d\u7684\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\u590d\u5236\u5230\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\n        self._arr = self._arr + [0] * self.capacity() * (self._extend_ratio - 1)\n        # \u66f4\u65b0\u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\n        self._capacity = len(self._arr)\n\n    def to_array(self) -> list[int]:\n        \"\"\"\u8fd4\u56de\u6709\u6548\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u5217\u8868\"\"\"\n        return self._arr[: self._size]\n
    my_list.cpp
    /* \u5217\u8868\u7c7b */\nclass MyList {\n  private:\n    int *arr;             // \u6570\u7ec4\uff08\u5b58\u50a8\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\uff09\n    int arrCapacity = 10; // \u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\n    int arrSize = 0;      // \u5217\u8868\u957f\u5ea6\uff08\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\uff09\n    int extendRatio = 2;   // \u6bcf\u6b21\u5217\u8868\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u500d\u6570\n\n  public:\n    /* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\n    MyList() {\n        arr = new int[arrCapacity];\n    }\n\n    /* \u6790\u6784\u65b9\u6cd5 */\n    ~MyList() {\n        delete[] arr;\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u5217\u8868\u957f\u5ea6\uff08\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\uff09*/\n    int size() {\n        return arrSize;\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf */\n    int capacity() {\n        return arrCapacity;\n    }\n\n    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\n    int get(int index) {\n        // \u7d22\u5f15\u5982\u679c\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u629b\u51fa\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u4e0b\u540c\n        if (index < 0 || index >= size())\n            throw out_of_range(\"\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\");\n        return arr[index];\n    }\n\n    /* \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20 */\n    void set(int index, int num) {\n        if (index < 0 || index >= size())\n            throw out_of_range(\"\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\");\n        arr[index] = num;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5728\u5c3e\u90e8\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20 */\n    void add(int num) {\n        // \u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u8d85\u51fa\u5bb9\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u673a\u5236\n        if (size() == capacity())\n            extendCapacity();\n        arr[size()] = num;\n        // \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\n        arrSize++;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5728\u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20 */\n    void insert(int index, int num) {\n        if (index < 0 || index >= size())\n            throw out_of_range(\"\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\");\n        // \u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u8d85\u51fa\u5bb9\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u673a\u5236\n        if (size() == capacity())\n            extendCapacity();\n        // \u5c06\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4ee5\u53ca\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n        for (int j = size() - 1; j >= index; j--) {\n            arr[j + 1] = arr[j];\n        }\n        arr[index] = num;\n        // \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\n        arrSize++;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20 */\n    int remove(int index) {\n        if (index < 0 || index >= size())\n            throw out_of_range(\"\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\");\n        int num = arr[index];\n        // \u7d22\u5f15 i \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u5411\u524d\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n        for (int j = index; j < size() - 1; j++) {\n            arr[j] = arr[j + 1];\n        }\n        // \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\n        arrSize--;\n        // \u8fd4\u56de\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n        return num;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5217\u8868\u6269\u5bb9 */\n    void extendCapacity() {\n        // \u65b0\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 extendRatio \u500d\u7684\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\n        int newCapacity = capacity() * extendRatio;\n        int *tmp = arr;\n        arr = new int[newCapacity];\n        // \u5c06\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u590d\u5236\u5230\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\n        for (int i = 0; i < size(); i++) {\n            arr[i] = tmp[i];\n        }\n        // \u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\n        delete[] tmp;\n        arrCapacity = newCapacity;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5c06\u5217\u8868\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a Vector \u7528\u4e8e\u6253\u5370 */\n    vector<int> toVector() {\n        // \u4ec5\u8f6c\u6362\u6709\u6548\u957f\u5ea6\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\n        vector<int> vec(size());\n        for (int i = 0; i < size(); i++) {\n            vec[i] = arr[i];\n        }\n        return vec;\n    }\n};\n
    my_list.java
    /* \u5217\u8868\u7c7b */\nclass MyList {\n    private int[] arr; // \u6570\u7ec4\uff08\u5b58\u50a8\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\uff09\n    private int capacity = 10; // \u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\n    private int size = 0; // \u5217\u8868\u957f\u5ea6\uff08\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\uff09\n    private int extendRatio = 2; // \u6bcf\u6b21\u5217\u8868\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u500d\u6570\n\n    /* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\n    public MyList() {\n        arr = new int[capacity];\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u5217\u8868\u957f\u5ea6\uff08\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\uff09 */\n    public int size() {\n        return size;\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf */\n    public int capacity() {\n        return capacity;\n    }\n\n    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\n    public int get(int index) {\n        // \u7d22\u5f15\u5982\u679c\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u629b\u51fa\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u4e0b\u540c\n        if (index < 0 || index >= size)\n            throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(\"\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\");\n        return arr[index];\n    }\n\n    /* \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20 */\n    public void set(int index, int num) {\n        if (index < 0 || index >= size)\n            throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(\"\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\");\n        arr[index] = num;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5728\u5c3e\u90e8\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20 */\n    public void add(int num) {\n        // \u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u8d85\u51fa\u5bb9\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u673a\u5236\n        if (size == capacity())\n            extendCapacity();\n        arr[size] = num;\n        // \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\n        size++;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5728\u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20 */\n    public void insert(int index, int num) {\n        if (index < 0 || index >= size)\n            throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(\"\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\");\n        // \u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u8d85\u51fa\u5bb9\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u673a\u5236\n        if (size == capacity())\n            extendCapacity();\n        // \u5c06\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4ee5\u53ca\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n        for (int j = size - 1; j >= index; j--) {\n            arr[j + 1] = arr[j];\n        }\n        arr[index] = num;\n        // \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\n        size++;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20 */\n    public int remove(int index) {\n        if (index < 0 || index >= size)\n            throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(\"\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\");\n        int num = arr[index];\n        // \u5c06\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u5411\u524d\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n        for (int j = index; j < size - 1; j++) {\n            arr[j] = arr[j + 1];\n        }\n        // \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\n        size--;\n        // \u8fd4\u56de\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n        return num;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5217\u8868\u6269\u5bb9 */\n    public void extendCapacity() {\n        // \u65b0\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 extendRatio \u500d\u7684\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\u590d\u5236\u5230\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\n        arr = Arrays.copyOf(arr, capacity() * extendRatio);\n        // \u66f4\u65b0\u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\n        capacity = arr.length;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5c06\u5217\u8868\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4 */\n    public int[] toArray() {\n        int size = size();\n        // \u4ec5\u8f6c\u6362\u6709\u6548\u957f\u5ea6\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\n        int[] arr = new int[size];\n        for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {\n            arr[i] = get(i);\n        }\n        return arr;\n    }\n}\n
    my_list.cs
    /* \u5217\u8868\u7c7b */\nclass MyList {\n    private int[] arr;           // \u6570\u7ec4\uff08\u5b58\u50a8\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\uff09\n    private int arrCapacity = 10;    // \u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\n    private int arrSize = 0;         // \u5217\u8868\u957f\u5ea6\uff08\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\uff09\n    private readonly int extendRatio = 2;  // \u6bcf\u6b21\u5217\u8868\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u500d\u6570\n\n    /* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\n    public MyList() {\n        arr = new int[arrCapacity];\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u5217\u8868\u957f\u5ea6\uff08\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\uff09*/\n    public int Size() {\n        return arrSize;\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf */\n    public int Capacity() {\n        return arrCapacity;\n    }\n\n    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\n    public int Get(int index) {\n        // \u7d22\u5f15\u5982\u679c\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u629b\u51fa\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u4e0b\u540c\n        if (index < 0 || index >= arrSize)\n            throw new IndexOutOfRangeException(\"\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\");\n        return arr[index];\n    }\n\n    /* \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20 */\n    public void Set(int index, int num) {\n        if (index < 0 || index >= arrSize)\n            throw new IndexOutOfRangeException(\"\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\");\n        arr[index] = num;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5728\u5c3e\u90e8\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20 */\n    public void Add(int num) {\n        // \u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u8d85\u51fa\u5bb9\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u673a\u5236\n        if (arrSize == arrCapacity)\n            ExtendCapacity();\n        arr[arrSize] = num;\n        // \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\n        arrSize++;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5728\u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20 */\n    public void Insert(int index, int num) {\n        if (index < 0 || index >= arrSize)\n            throw new IndexOutOfRangeException(\"\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\");\n        // \u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u8d85\u51fa\u5bb9\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u673a\u5236\n        if (arrSize == arrCapacity)\n            ExtendCapacity();\n        // \u5c06\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4ee5\u53ca\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n        for (int j = arrSize - 1; j >= index; j--) {\n            arr[j + 1] = arr[j];\n        }\n        arr[index] = num;\n        // \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\n        arrSize++;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20 */\n    public int Remove(int index) {\n        if (index < 0 || index >= arrSize)\n            throw new IndexOutOfRangeException(\"\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\");\n        int num = arr[index];\n        // \u5c06\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u5411\u524d\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n        for (int j = index; j < arrSize - 1; j++) {\n            arr[j] = arr[j + 1];\n        }\n        // \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\n        arrSize--;\n        // \u8fd4\u56de\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n        return num;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5217\u8868\u6269\u5bb9 */\n    public void ExtendCapacity() {\n        // \u65b0\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a arrCapacity * extendRatio \u7684\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\u590d\u5236\u5230\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\n        Array.Resize(ref arr, arrCapacity * extendRatio);\n        // \u66f4\u65b0\u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\n        arrCapacity = arr.Length;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5c06\u5217\u8868\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4 */\n    public int[] ToArray() {\n        // \u4ec5\u8f6c\u6362\u6709\u6548\u957f\u5ea6\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\n        int[] arr = new int[arrSize];\n        for (int i = 0; i < arrSize; i++) {\n            arr[i] = Get(i);\n        }\n        return arr;\n    }\n}\n
    my_list.go
    /* \u5217\u8868\u7c7b */\ntype myList struct {\n    arrCapacity int\n    arr         []int\n    arrSize     int\n    extendRatio int\n}\n\n/* \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570 */\nfunc newMyList() *myList {\n    return &myList{\n        arrCapacity: 10,              // \u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\n        arr:         make([]int, 10), // \u6570\u7ec4\uff08\u5b58\u50a8\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\uff09\n        arrSize:     0,               // \u5217\u8868\u957f\u5ea6\uff08\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\uff09\n        extendRatio: 2,               // \u6bcf\u6b21\u5217\u8868\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u500d\u6570\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u5217\u8868\u957f\u5ea6\uff08\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\uff09 */\nfunc (l *myList) size() int {\n    return l.arrSize\n}\n\n/*  \u83b7\u53d6\u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf */\nfunc (l *myList) capacity() int {\n    return l.arrCapacity\n}\n\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunc (l *myList) get(index int) int {\n    // \u7d22\u5f15\u5982\u679c\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u629b\u51fa\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u4e0b\u540c\n    if index < 0 || index >= l.arrSize {\n        panic(\"\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\")\n    }\n    return l.arr[index]\n}\n\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunc (l *myList) set(num, index int) {\n    if index < 0 || index >= l.arrSize {\n        panic(\"\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\")\n    }\n    l.arr[index] = num\n}\n\n/* \u5728\u5c3e\u90e8\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunc (l *myList) add(num int) {\n    // \u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u8d85\u51fa\u5bb9\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u673a\u5236\n    if l.arrSize == l.arrCapacity {\n        l.extendCapacity()\n    }\n    l.arr[l.arrSize] = num\n    // \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\n    l.arrSize++\n}\n\n/* \u5728\u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunc (l *myList) insert(num, index int) {\n    if index < 0 || index >= l.arrSize {\n        panic(\"\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\")\n    }\n    // \u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u8d85\u51fa\u5bb9\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u673a\u5236\n    if l.arrSize == l.arrCapacity {\n        l.extendCapacity()\n    }\n    // \u5c06\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4ee5\u53ca\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n    for j := l.arrSize - 1; j >= index; j-- {\n        l.arr[j+1] = l.arr[j]\n    }\n    l.arr[index] = num\n    // \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\n    l.arrSize++\n}\n\n/* \u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunc (l *myList) remove(index int) int {\n    if index < 0 || index >= l.arrSize {\n        panic(\"\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\")\n    }\n    num := l.arr[index]\n    // \u7d22\u5f15 i \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u5411\u524d\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n    for j := index; j < l.arrSize-1; j++ {\n        l.arr[j] = l.arr[j+1]\n    }\n    // \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\n    l.arrSize--\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n    return num\n}\n\n/* \u5217\u8868\u6269\u5bb9 */\nfunc (l *myList) extendCapacity() {\n    // \u65b0\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 extendRatio \u500d\u7684\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\u590d\u5236\u5230\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\n    l.arr = append(l.arr, make([]int, l.arrCapacity*(l.extendRatio-1))...)\n    // \u66f4\u65b0\u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\n    l.arrCapacity = len(l.arr)\n}\n\n/* \u8fd4\u56de\u6709\u6548\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u5217\u8868 */\nfunc (l *myList) toArray() []int {\n    // \u4ec5\u8f6c\u6362\u6709\u6548\u957f\u5ea6\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\n    return l.arr[:l.arrSize]\n}\n
    my_list.swift
    /* \u5217\u8868\u7c7b */\nclass MyList {\n    private var arr: [Int] // \u6570\u7ec4\uff08\u5b58\u50a8\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\uff09\n    private var _capacity = 10 // \u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\n    private var _size = 0 // \u5217\u8868\u957f\u5ea6\uff08\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\uff09\n    private let extendRatio = 2 // \u6bcf\u6b21\u5217\u8868\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u500d\u6570\n\n    /* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\n    init() {\n        arr = Array(repeating: 0, count: _capacity)\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u5217\u8868\u957f\u5ea6\uff08\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\uff09*/\n    func size() -> Int {\n        _size\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf */\n    func capacity() -> Int {\n        _capacity\n    }\n\n    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\n    func get(index: Int) -> Int {\n        // \u7d22\u5f15\u5982\u679c\u8d8a\u754c\u5219\u629b\u51fa\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u4e0b\u540c\n        if index < 0 || index >= _size {\n            fatalError(\"\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\")\n        }\n        return arr[index]\n    }\n\n    /* \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20 */\n    func set(index: Int, num: Int) {\n        if index < 0 || index >= _size {\n            fatalError(\"\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\")\n        }\n        arr[index] = num\n    }\n\n    /* \u5728\u5c3e\u90e8\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20 */\n    func add(num: Int) {\n        // \u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u8d85\u51fa\u5bb9\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u673a\u5236\n        if _size == _capacity {\n            extendCapacity()\n        }\n        arr[_size] = num\n        // \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\n        _size += 1\n    }\n\n    /* \u5728\u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20 */\n    func insert(index: Int, num: Int) {\n        if index < 0 || index >= _size {\n            fatalError(\"\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\")\n        }\n        // \u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u8d85\u51fa\u5bb9\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u673a\u5236\n        if _size == _capacity {\n            extendCapacity()\n        }\n        // \u5c06\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4ee5\u53ca\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n        for j in sequence(first: _size - 1, next: { $0 >= index + 1 ? $0 - 1 : nil }) {\n            arr[j + 1] = arr[j]\n        }\n        arr[index] = num\n        // \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\n        _size += 1\n    }\n\n    /* \u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20 */\n    @discardableResult\n    func remove(index: Int) -> Int {\n        if index < 0 || index >= _size {\n            fatalError(\"\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\")\n        }\n        let num = arr[index]\n        // \u5c06\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u5411\u524d\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n        for j in index ..< (_size - 1) {\n            arr[j] = arr[j + 1]\n        }\n        // \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\n        _size -= 1\n        // \u8fd4\u56de\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n        return num\n    }\n\n    /* \u5217\u8868\u6269\u5bb9 */\n    func extendCapacity() {\n        // \u65b0\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 extendRatio \u500d\u7684\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\u590d\u5236\u5230\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\n        arr = arr + Array(repeating: 0, count: _capacity * (extendRatio - 1))\n        // \u66f4\u65b0\u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\n        _capacity = arr.count\n    }\n\n    /* \u5c06\u5217\u8868\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4 */\n    func toArray() -> [Int] {\n        var arr = Array(repeating: 0, count: _size)\n        for i in 0 ..< _size {\n            arr[i] = get(index: i)\n        }\n        return arr\n    }\n}\n
    my_list.js
    /* \u5217\u8868\u7c7b */\nclass MyList {\n    #arr = new Array(); // \u6570\u7ec4\uff08\u5b58\u50a8\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\uff09\n    #capacity = 10; // \u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\n    #size = 0; // \u5217\u8868\u957f\u5ea6\uff08\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\uff09\n    #extendRatio = 2; // \u6bcf\u6b21\u5217\u8868\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u500d\u6570\n\n    /* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\n    constructor() {\n        this.#arr = new Array(this.#capacity);\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u5217\u8868\u957f\u5ea6\uff08\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\uff09*/\n    size() {\n        return this.#size;\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf */\n    capacity() {\n        return this.#capacity;\n    }\n\n    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\n    get(index) {\n        // \u7d22\u5f15\u5982\u679c\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u629b\u51fa\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u4e0b\u540c\n        if (index < 0 || index >= this.#size) throw new Error('\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c');\n        return this.#arr[index];\n    }\n\n    /* \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20 */\n    set(index, num) {\n        if (index < 0 || index >= this.#size) throw new Error('\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c');\n        this.#arr[index] = num;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5728\u5c3e\u90e8\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20 */\n    add(num) {\n        // \u5982\u679c\u957f\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u9700\u8981\u6269\u5bb9\n        if (this.#size === this.#capacity) {\n            this.extendCapacity();\n        }\n        // \u5c06\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u5217\u8868\u5c3e\u90e8\n        this.#arr[this.#size] = num;\n        this.#size++;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5728\u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20 */\n    insert(index, num) {\n        if (index < 0 || index >= this.#size) throw new Error('\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c');\n        // \u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u8d85\u51fa\u5bb9\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u673a\u5236\n        if (this.#size === this.#capacity) {\n            this.extendCapacity();\n        }\n        // \u5c06\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4ee5\u53ca\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n        for (let j = this.#size - 1; j >= index; j--) {\n            this.#arr[j + 1] = this.#arr[j];\n        }\n        // \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\n        this.#arr[index] = num;\n        this.#size++;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20 */\n    remove(index) {\n        if (index < 0 || index >= this.#size) throw new Error('\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c');\n        let num = this.#arr[index];\n        // \u5c06\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u5411\u524d\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n        for (let j = index; j < this.#size - 1; j++) {\n            this.#arr[j] = this.#arr[j + 1];\n        }\n        // \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\n        this.#size--;\n        // \u8fd4\u56de\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n        return num;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5217\u8868\u6269\u5bb9 */\n    extendCapacity() {\n        // \u65b0\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 extendRatio \u500d\u7684\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\u590d\u5236\u5230\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\n        this.#arr = this.#arr.concat(\n            new Array(this.capacity() * (this.#extendRatio - 1))\n        );\n        // \u66f4\u65b0\u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\n        this.#capacity = this.#arr.length;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5c06\u5217\u8868\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4 */\n    toArray() {\n        let size = this.size();\n        // \u4ec5\u8f6c\u6362\u6709\u6548\u957f\u5ea6\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\n        const arr = new Array(size);\n        for (let i = 0; i < size; i++) {\n            arr[i] = this.get(i);\n        }\n        return arr;\n    }\n}\n
    my_list.ts
    /* \u5217\u8868\u7c7b */\nclass MyList {\n    private arr: Array<number>; // \u6570\u7ec4\uff08\u5b58\u50a8\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\uff09\n    private _capacity: number = 10; // \u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\n    private _size: number = 0; // \u5217\u8868\u957f\u5ea6\uff08\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\uff09\n    private extendRatio: number = 2; // \u6bcf\u6b21\u5217\u8868\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u500d\u6570\n\n    /* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\n    constructor() {\n        this.arr = new Array(this._capacity);\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u5217\u8868\u957f\u5ea6\uff08\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\uff09*/\n    public size(): number {\n        return this._size;\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf */\n    public capacity(): number {\n        return this._capacity;\n    }\n\n    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\n    public get(index: number): number {\n        // \u7d22\u5f15\u5982\u679c\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u629b\u51fa\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u4e0b\u540c\n        if (index < 0 || index >= this._size) throw new Error('\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c');\n        return this.arr[index];\n    }\n\n    /* \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20 */\n    public set(index: number, num: number): void {\n        if (index < 0 || index >= this._size) throw new Error('\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c');\n        this.arr[index] = num;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5728\u5c3e\u90e8\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20 */\n    public add(num: number): void {\n        // \u5982\u679c\u957f\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u9700\u8981\u6269\u5bb9\n        if (this._size === this._capacity) this.extendCapacity();\n        // \u5c06\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u5217\u8868\u5c3e\u90e8\n        this.arr[this._size] = num;\n        this._size++;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5728\u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20 */\n    public insert(index: number, num: number): void {\n        if (index < 0 || index >= this._size) throw new Error('\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c');\n        // \u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u8d85\u51fa\u5bb9\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u673a\u5236\n        if (this._size === this._capacity) {\n            this.extendCapacity();\n        }\n        // \u5c06\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4ee5\u53ca\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n        for (let j = this._size - 1; j >= index; j--) {\n            this.arr[j + 1] = this.arr[j];\n        }\n        // \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\n        this.arr[index] = num;\n        this._size++;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20 */\n    public remove(index: number): number {\n        if (index < 0 || index >= this._size) throw new Error('\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c');\n        let num = this.arr[index];\n        // \u5c06\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u5411\u524d\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n        for (let j = index; j < this._size - 1; j++) {\n            this.arr[j] = this.arr[j + 1];\n        }\n        // \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\n        this._size--;\n        // \u8fd4\u56de\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n        return num;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5217\u8868\u6269\u5bb9 */\n    public extendCapacity(): void {\n        // \u65b0\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a size \u7684\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\u590d\u5236\u5230\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\n        this.arr = this.arr.concat(\n            new Array(this.capacity() * (this.extendRatio - 1))\n        );\n        // \u66f4\u65b0\u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\n        this._capacity = this.arr.length;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5c06\u5217\u8868\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4 */\n    public toArray(): number[] {\n        let size = this.size();\n        // \u4ec5\u8f6c\u6362\u6709\u6548\u957f\u5ea6\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\n        const arr = new Array(size);\n        for (let i = 0; i < size; i++) {\n            arr[i] = this.get(i);\n        }\n        return arr;\n    }\n}\n
    my_list.dart
    /* \u5217\u8868\u7c7b */\nclass MyList {\n  late List<int> _arr; // \u6570\u7ec4\uff08\u5b58\u50a8\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\uff09\n  int _capacity = 10; // \u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\n  int _size = 0; // \u5217\u8868\u957f\u5ea6\uff08\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\uff09\n  int _extendRatio = 2; // \u6bcf\u6b21\u5217\u8868\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u500d\u6570\n\n  /* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\n  MyList() {\n    _arr = List.filled(_capacity, 0);\n  }\n\n  /* \u83b7\u53d6\u5217\u8868\u957f\u5ea6\uff08\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\uff09*/\n  int size() => _size;\n\n  /* \u83b7\u53d6\u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf */\n  int capacity() => _capacity;\n\n  /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\n  int get(int index) {\n    if (index >= _size) throw RangeError('\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c');\n    return _arr[index];\n  }\n\n  /* \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20 */\n  void set(int index, int _num) {\n    if (index >= _size) throw RangeError('\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c');\n    _arr[index] = _num;\n  }\n\n  /* \u5728\u5c3e\u90e8\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20 */\n  void add(int _num) {\n    // \u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u8d85\u51fa\u5bb9\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u673a\u5236\n    if (_size == _capacity) extendCapacity();\n    _arr[_size] = _num;\n    // \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\n    _size++;\n  }\n\n  /* \u5728\u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20 */\n  void insert(int index, int _num) {\n    if (index >= _size) throw RangeError('\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c');\n    // \u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u8d85\u51fa\u5bb9\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u673a\u5236\n    if (_size == _capacity) extendCapacity();\n    // \u5c06\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4ee5\u53ca\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n    for (var j = _size - 1; j >= index; j--) {\n      _arr[j + 1] = _arr[j];\n    }\n    _arr[index] = _num;\n    // \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\n    _size++;\n  }\n\n  /* \u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20 */\n  int remove(int index) {\n    if (index >= _size) throw RangeError('\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c');\n    int _num = _arr[index];\n    // \u5c06\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u5411\u524d\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n    for (var j = index; j < _size - 1; j++) {\n      _arr[j] = _arr[j + 1];\n    }\n    // \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\n    _size--;\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n    return _num;\n  }\n\n  /* \u5217\u8868\u6269\u5bb9 */\n  void extendCapacity() {\n    // \u65b0\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 _extendRatio \u500d\u7684\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\n    final _newNums = List.filled(_capacity * _extendRatio, 0);\n    // \u5c06\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\u590d\u5236\u5230\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\n    List.copyRange(_newNums, 0, _arr);\n    // \u66f4\u65b0 _arr \u7684\u5f15\u7528\n    _arr = _newNums;\n    // \u66f4\u65b0\u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\n    _capacity = _arr.length;\n  }\n\n  /* \u5c06\u5217\u8868\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4 */\n  List<int> toArray() {\n    List<int> arr = [];\n    for (var i = 0; i < _size; i++) {\n      arr.add(get(i));\n    }\n    return arr;\n  }\n}\n
    my_list.rs
    /* \u5217\u8868\u7c7b */\n#[allow(dead_code)]\nstruct MyList {\n    arr: Vec<i32>,       // \u6570\u7ec4\uff08\u5b58\u50a8\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\uff09\n    capacity: usize,      // \u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\n    size: usize,          // \u5217\u8868\u957f\u5ea6\uff08\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\uff09\n    extend_ratio: usize,  // \u6bcf\u6b21\u5217\u8868\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u500d\u6570\n}\n\n#[allow(unused,unused_comparisons)]\nimpl MyList {\n    /* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\n    pub fn new(capacity: usize) -> Self {\n        let mut vec = Vec::new(); \n        vec.resize(capacity, 0);\n        Self {\n            arr: vec,\n            capacity,\n            size: 0,\n            extend_ratio: 2,\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u5217\u8868\u957f\u5ea6\uff08\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\uff09*/\n    pub fn size(&self) -> usize {\n        return self.size;\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf */\n    pub fn capacity(&self) -> usize {\n        return self.capacity;\n    }\n\n    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\n    pub fn get(&self, index: usize) -> i32 {\n        // \u7d22\u5f15\u5982\u679c\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u629b\u51fa\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u4e0b\u540c\n        if index >= self.size {panic!(\"\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\")};\n        return self.arr[index];\n    }\n\n    /* \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20 */\n    pub fn set(&mut self, index: usize, num: i32) {\n        if index >= self.size {panic!(\"\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\")};\n        self.arr[index] = num;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5728\u5c3e\u90e8\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20 */\n    pub fn add(&mut self, num: i32) {\n        // \u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u8d85\u51fa\u5bb9\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u673a\u5236\n        if self.size == self.capacity() {\n            self.extend_capacity();\n        }\n        self.arr[self.size] = num;\n        // \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\n        self.size += 1;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5728\u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20 */\n    pub fn insert(&mut self, index: usize, num: i32) {\n        if index >= self.size() {panic!(\"\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\")};\n        // \u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u8d85\u51fa\u5bb9\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u673a\u5236\n        if self.size == self.capacity() {\n            self.extend_capacity();\n        }\n        // \u5c06\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4ee5\u53ca\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n        for j in (index..self.size).rev() {\n            self.arr[j + 1] = self.arr[j];\n        }\n        self.arr[index] = num;\n        // \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\n        self.size += 1;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20 */\n    pub fn remove(&mut self, index: usize) -> i32 {\n        if index >= self.size() {panic!(\"\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\")};\n        let num = self.arr[index];\n        // \u5c06\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u5411\u524d\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n        for j in (index..self.size - 1) {\n            self.arr[j] = self.arr[j + 1];\n        }\n        // \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\n        self.size -= 1;\n        // \u8fd4\u56de\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n        return num;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5217\u8868\u6269\u5bb9 */\n    pub fn extend_capacity(&mut self) {\n        // \u65b0\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 extend_ratio \u500d\u7684\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\u590d\u5236\u5230\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\n        let new_capacity = self.capacity * self.extend_ratio;\n        self.arr.resize(new_capacity, 0);\n        // \u66f4\u65b0\u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\n        self.capacity = new_capacity;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5c06\u5217\u8868\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4 */\n    pub fn to_array(&mut self) -> Vec<i32> {\n        // \u4ec5\u8f6c\u6362\u6709\u6548\u957f\u5ea6\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\n        let mut arr = Vec::new();\n        for i in 0..self.size {\n            arr.push(self.get(i));\n        }\n        arr\n    }\n}\n
    my_list.c
    /* \u5217\u8868\u7c7b */\ntypedef struct {\n    int *arr;        // \u6570\u7ec4\uff08\u5b58\u50a8\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\uff09\n    int capacity;    // \u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\n    int size;        // \u5217\u8868\u5927\u5c0f\n    int extendRatio; // \u5217\u8868\u6bcf\u6b21\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u500d\u6570\n} MyList;\n\n/* \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570 */\nMyList *newMyList() {\n    MyList *nums = malloc(sizeof(MyList));\n    nums->capacity = 10;\n    nums->arr = malloc(sizeof(int) * nums->capacity);\n    nums->size = 0;\n    nums->extendRatio = 2;\n    return nums;\n}\n\n/* \u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570 */\nvoid delMyList(MyList *nums) {\n    free(nums->arr);\n    free(nums);\n}\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u5217\u8868\u957f\u5ea6 */\nint size(MyList *nums) {\n    return nums->size;\n}\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf */\nint capacity(MyList *nums) {\n    return nums->capacity;\n}\n\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\nint get(MyList *nums, int index) {\n    assert(index >= 0 && index < nums->size);\n    return nums->arr[index];\n}\n\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20 */\nvoid set(MyList *nums, int index, int num) {\n    assert(index >= 0 && index < nums->size);\n    nums->arr[index] = num;\n}\n\n/* \u5728\u5c3e\u90e8\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20 */\nvoid add(MyList *nums, int num) {\n    if (size(nums) == capacity(nums)) {\n        extendCapacity(nums); // \u6269\u5bb9\n    }\n    nums->arr[size(nums)] = num;\n    nums->size++;\n}\n\n/* \u5728\u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20 */\nvoid insert(MyList *nums, int index, int num) {\n    assert(index >= 0 && index < size(nums));\n    // \u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u8d85\u51fa\u5bb9\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u673a\u5236\n    if (size(nums) == capacity(nums)) {\n        extendCapacity(nums); // \u6269\u5bb9\n    }\n    for (int i = size(nums); i > index; --i) {\n        nums->arr[i] = nums->arr[i - 1];\n    }\n    nums->arr[index] = num;\n    nums->size++;\n}\n\n/* \u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20 */\n// \u6ce8\u610f\uff1astdio.h \u5360\u7528\u4e86 remove \u5173\u952e\u8bcd\nint removeItem(MyList *nums, int index) {\n    assert(index >= 0 && index < size(nums));\n    int num = nums->arr[index];\n    for (int i = index; i < size(nums) - 1; i++) {\n        nums->arr[i] = nums->arr[i + 1];\n    }\n    nums->size--;\n    return num;\n}\n\n/* \u5217\u8868\u6269\u5bb9 */\nvoid extendCapacity(MyList *nums) {\n    // \u5148\u5206\u914d\u7a7a\u95f4\n    int newCapacity = capacity(nums) * nums->extendRatio;\n    int *extend = (int *)malloc(sizeof(int) * newCapacity);\n    int *temp = nums->arr;\n\n    // \u62f7\u8d1d\u65e7\u6570\u636e\u5230\u65b0\u6570\u636e\n    for (int i = 0; i < size(nums); i++)\n        extend[i] = nums->arr[i];\n\n    // \u91ca\u653e\u65e7\u6570\u636e\n    free(temp);\n\n    // \u66f4\u65b0\u65b0\u6570\u636e\n    nums->arr = extend;\n    nums->capacity = newCapacity;\n}\n\n/* \u5c06\u5217\u8868\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a Array \u7528\u4e8e\u6253\u5370 */\nint *toArray(MyList *nums) {\n    return nums->arr;\n}\n
    my_list.zig
    // \u5217\u8868\u7c7b\nfn MyList(comptime T: type) type {\n    return struct {\n        const Self = @This();\n\n        arr: []T = undefined,                        // \u6570\u7ec4\uff08\u5b58\u50a8\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\uff09\n        arrCapacity: usize = 10,                     // \u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\n        numSize: usize = 0,                           // \u5217\u8868\u957f\u5ea6\uff08\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\uff09\n        extendRatio: usize = 2,                       // \u6bcf\u6b21\u5217\u8868\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u500d\u6570\n        mem_arena: ?std.heap.ArenaAllocator = null,\n        mem_allocator: std.mem.Allocator = undefined, // \u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u5668\n\n        // \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\uff08\u5206\u914d\u5185\u5b58+\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5217\u8868\uff09\n        pub fn init(self: *Self, allocator: std.mem.Allocator) !void {\n            if (self.mem_arena == null) {\n                self.mem_arena = std.heap.ArenaAllocator.init(allocator);\n                self.mem_allocator = self.mem_arena.?.allocator();\n            }\n            self.arr = try self.mem_allocator.alloc(T, self.arrCapacity);\n            @memset(self.arr, @as(T, 0));\n        }\n\n        // \u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\uff08\u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\uff09\n        pub fn deinit(self: *Self) void {\n            if (self.mem_arena == null) return;\n            self.mem_arena.?.deinit();\n        }\n\n        // \u83b7\u53d6\u5217\u8868\u957f\u5ea6\uff08\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\uff09\n        pub fn size(self: *Self) usize {\n            return self.numSize;\n        }\n\n        // \u83b7\u53d6\u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\n        pub fn capacity(self: *Self) usize {\n            return self.arrCapacity;\n        }\n\n        // \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20\n        pub fn get(self: *Self, index: usize) T {\n            // \u7d22\u5f15\u5982\u679c\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u629b\u51fa\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u4e0b\u540c\n            if (index < 0 or index >= self.size()) @panic(\"\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\");\n            return self.arr[index];\n        }  \n\n        // \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\n        pub fn set(self: *Self, index: usize, num: T) void {\n            // \u7d22\u5f15\u5982\u679c\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u629b\u51fa\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u4e0b\u540c\n            if (index < 0 or index >= self.size()) @panic(\"\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\");\n            self.arr[index] = num;\n        }  \n\n        // \u5728\u5c3e\u90e8\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20\n        pub fn add(self: *Self, num: T) !void {\n            // \u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u8d85\u51fa\u5bb9\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u673a\u5236\n            if (self.size() == self.capacity()) try self.extendCapacity();\n            self.arr[self.size()] = num;\n            // \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\n            self.numSize += 1;\n        }  \n\n        // \u5728\u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20\n        pub fn insert(self: *Self, index: usize, num: T) !void {\n            if (index < 0 or index >= self.size()) @panic(\"\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\");\n            // \u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u8d85\u51fa\u5bb9\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u673a\u5236\n            if (self.size() == self.capacity()) try self.extendCapacity();\n            // \u5c06\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4ee5\u53ca\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n            var j = self.size() - 1;\n            while (j >= index) : (j -= 1) {\n                self.arr[j + 1] = self.arr[j];\n            }\n            self.arr[index] = num;\n            // \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\n            self.numSize += 1;\n        }\n\n        // \u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20\n        pub fn remove(self: *Self, index: usize) T {\n            if (index < 0 or index >= self.size()) @panic(\"\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\");\n            var num = self.arr[index];\n            // \u7d22\u5f15 i \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u5411\u524d\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n            var j = index;\n            while (j < self.size() - 1) : (j += 1) {\n                self.arr[j] = self.arr[j + 1];\n            }\n            // \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\n            self.numSize -= 1;\n            // \u8fd4\u56de\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n            return num;\n        }\n\n        // \u5217\u8868\u6269\u5bb9\n        pub fn extendCapacity(self: *Self) !void {\n            // \u65b0\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a size * extendRatio \u7684\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\u590d\u5236\u5230\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\n            var newCapacity = self.capacity() * self.extendRatio;\n            var extend = try self.mem_allocator.alloc(T, newCapacity);\n            @memset(extend, @as(T, 0));\n            // \u5c06\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u590d\u5236\u5230\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\n            std.mem.copy(T, extend, self.arr);\n            self.arr = extend;\n            // \u66f4\u65b0\u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\n            self.arrCapacity = newCapacity;\n        }\n\n        // \u5c06\u5217\u8868\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\n        pub fn toArray(self: *Self) ![]T {\n            // \u4ec5\u8f6c\u6362\u6709\u6548\u957f\u5ea6\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\n            var arr = try self.mem_allocator.alloc(T, self.size());\n           @memset(arr, @as(T, 0));\n            for (arr, 0..) |*num, i| {\n                num.* = self.get(i);\n            }\n            return arr;\n        }\n    };\n}\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/ram_and_cache/","title":"4.4 \u00a0 \u5185\u5b58\u4e0e\u7f13\u5b58 *","text":"

    \u5728\u672c\u7ae0\u7684\u524d\u4e24\u8282\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u94fe\u8868\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u57fa\u7840\u4e14\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5206\u522b\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u201c\u8fde\u7eed\u5b58\u50a8\u201d\u548c\u201c\u5206\u6563\u5b58\u50a8\u201d\u4e24\u79cd\u7269\u7406\u7ed3\u6784\u3002

    \u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u7269\u7406\u7ed3\u6784\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5bf9\u5185\u5b58\u548c\u7f13\u5b58\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u5f71\u54cd\u7b97\u6cd5\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u6027\u80fd\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/ram_and_cache/#441","title":"4.4.1 \u00a0 \u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5b58\u50a8\u8bbe\u5907","text":"

    \u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u4e09\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u8bbe\u5907\uff1a\u300c\u786c\u76d8 hard disk\u300d\u3001\u300c\u5185\u5b58 random-access memory, RAM\u300d\u3001\u300c\u7f13\u5b58 cache memory\u300d\u3002\u8868 4-2 \u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u89d2\u8272\u548c\u6027\u80fd\u7279\u70b9\u3002

    \u8868 4-2 \u00a0 \u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u8bbe\u5907

    \u786c\u76d8 \u5185\u5b58 \u7f13\u5b58 \u7528\u9014 \u957f\u671f\u5b58\u50a8\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u7b49 \u4e34\u65f6\u5b58\u50a8\u5f53\u524d\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u548c\u6b63\u5728\u5904\u7406\u7684\u6570\u636e \u5b58\u50a8\u7ecf\u5e38\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u6570\u636e\u548c\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11 CPU \u8bbf\u95ee\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u6b21\u6570 \u6613\u5931\u6027 \u65ad\u7535\u540e\u6570\u636e\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4e22\u5931 \u65ad\u7535\u540e\u6570\u636e\u4f1a\u4e22\u5931 \u65ad\u7535\u540e\u6570\u636e\u4f1a\u4e22\u5931 \u5bb9\u91cf \u8f83\u5927\uff0cTB \u7ea7\u522b \u8f83\u5c0f\uff0cGB \u7ea7\u522b \u975e\u5e38\u5c0f\uff0cMB \u7ea7\u522b \u901f\u5ea6 \u8f83\u6162\uff0c\u51e0\u767e\u5230\u51e0\u5343 MB/s \u8f83\u5feb\uff0c\u51e0\u5341 GB/s \u975e\u5e38\u5feb\uff0c\u51e0\u5341\u5230\u51e0\u767e GB/s \u4ef7\u683c \u8f83\u4fbf\u5b9c\uff0c\u51e0\u6bdb\u5230\u51e0\u5143 / GB \u8f83\u8d35\uff0c\u51e0\u5341\u5230\u51e0\u767e\u5143 / GB \u975e\u5e38\u8d35\uff0c\u968f CPU \u6253\u5305\u8ba1\u4ef7

    \u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5b58\u50a8\u7cfb\u7edf\u60f3\u8c61\u4e3a\u56fe 4-9 \u6240\u793a\u7684\u91d1\u5b57\u5854\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u8d8a\u9760\u8fd1\u91d1\u5b57\u5854\u9876\u7aef\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u8d8a\u5feb\u3001\u5bb9\u91cf\u8d8a\u5c0f\u3001\u6210\u672c\u8d8a\u9ad8\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u591a\u5c42\u7ea7\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5e76\u975e\u5076\u7136\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u4eec\u7ecf\u8fc7\u6df1\u601d\u719f\u8651\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002

    • \u786c\u76d8\u96be\u4ee5\u88ab\u5185\u5b58\u53d6\u4ee3\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5728\u65ad\u7535\u540e\u4f1a\u4e22\u5931\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u4e0d\u9002\u5408\u957f\u671f\u5b58\u50a8\u6570\u636e\uff1b\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u6210\u672c\u662f\u786c\u76d8\u7684\u51e0\u5341\u500d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u5b83\u96be\u4ee5\u5728\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u5e02\u573a\u666e\u53ca\u3002
    • \u7f13\u5b58\u7684\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\u548c\u9ad8\u901f\u5ea6\u96be\u4ee5\u517c\u5f97\u3002\u968f\u7740 L1\u3001L2\u3001L3 \u7f13\u5b58\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf\u9010\u6b65\u589e\u5927\uff0c\u5176\u7269\u7406\u5c3a\u5bf8\u4f1a\u53d8\u5927\uff0c\u4e0e CPU \u6838\u5fc3\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7269\u7406\u8ddd\u79bb\u4f1a\u53d8\u8fdc\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u65f6\u95f4\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u8bbf\u95ee\u5ef6\u8fdf\u53d8\u9ad8\u3002\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u6280\u672f\u4e0b\uff0c\u591a\u5c42\u7ea7\u7684\u7f13\u5b58\u7ed3\u6784\u662f\u5bb9\u91cf\u3001\u901f\u5ea6\u548c\u6210\u672c\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u5e73\u8861\u70b9\u3002

    \u56fe 4-9 \u00a0 \u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5b58\u50a8\u7cfb\u7edf

    Note

    \u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u901f\u5ea6\u3001\u5bb9\u91cf\u548c\u6210\u672c\u4e09\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7cbe\u5999\u5e73\u8861\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6743\u8861\u666e\u904d\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u6240\u6709\u5de5\u4e1a\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u5b83\u8981\u6c42\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u548c\u9650\u5236\u4e4b\u95f4\u627e\u5230\u6700\u4f73\u5e73\u8861\u70b9\u3002

    \u603b\u7684\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u786c\u76d8\u7528\u4e8e\u957f\u671f\u5b58\u50a8\u5927\u91cf\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5185\u5b58\u7528\u4e8e\u4e34\u65f6\u5b58\u50a8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u4e2d\u6b63\u5728\u5904\u7406\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u800c\u7f13\u5b58\u5219\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u7ecf\u5e38\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u6570\u636e\u548c\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u6548\u7387\u3002\u4e09\u8005\u5171\u540c\u534f\u4f5c\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7cfb\u7edf\u9ad8\u6548\u8fd0\u884c\u3002

    \u5982\u56fe 4-10 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u4f1a\u4ece\u786c\u76d8\u4e2d\u88ab\u8bfb\u53d6\u5230\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f9b CPU \u8ba1\u7b97\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u7f13\u5b58\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u4f5c CPU \u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5b83\u901a\u8fc7\u667a\u80fd\u5730\u4ece\u5185\u5b58\u52a0\u8f7d\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u7ed9 CPU \u63d0\u4f9b\u9ad8\u901f\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8bfb\u53d6\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u5347\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u6267\u884c\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u5bf9\u8f83\u6162\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u3002

    \u56fe 4-10 \u00a0 \u786c\u76d8\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u548c\u7f13\u5b58\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6d41\u901a

    "},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/ram_and_cache/#442","title":"4.4.2 \u00a0 \u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u6548\u7387","text":"

    \u5728\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u5229\u7528\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u94fe\u8868\u5404\u81ea\u5177\u6709\u4f18\u52bf\u548c\u5c40\u9650\u6027\u3002

    \u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5185\u5b58\u662f\u6709\u9650\u7684\uff0c\u4e14\u540c\u4e00\u5757\u5185\u5b58\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u591a\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5171\u4eab\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u80fd\u591f\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u9ad8\u6548\u5730\u5229\u7528\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u7d27\u5bc6\u6392\u5217\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u989d\u5916\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u6765\u5b58\u50a8\u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9\u95f4\u7684\u5f15\u7528\uff08\u6307\u9488\uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7a7a\u95f4\u6548\u7387\u66f4\u9ad8\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6570\u7ec4\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u5206\u914d\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u8fde\u7eed\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u5185\u5b58\u6d6a\u8d39\uff0c\u6570\u7ec4\u6269\u5bb9\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u989d\u5916\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u6210\u672c\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u94fe\u8868\u4ee5\u201c\u8282\u70b9\u201d\u4e3a\u5355\u4f4d\u8fdb\u884c\u52a8\u6001\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u548c\u56de\u6536\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u3002

    \u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u53cd\u590d\u7533\u8bf7\u4e0e\u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u7a7a\u95f2\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u788e\u7247\u5316\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4f1a\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u9ad8\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u5229\u7528\u6548\u7387\u964d\u4f4e\u3002\u6570\u7ec4\u7531\u4e8e\u5176\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u5bfc\u81f4\u5185\u5b58\u788e\u7247\u5316\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u662f\u5206\u6563\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u9891\u7e41\u7684\u63d2\u5165\u4e0e\u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e2d\uff0c\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u5bfc\u81f4\u5185\u5b58\u788e\u7247\u5316\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/ram_and_cache/#443","title":"4.4.3 \u00a0 \u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u7f13\u5b58\u6548\u7387","text":"

    \u7f13\u5b58\u867d\u7136\u5728\u7a7a\u95f4\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e0a\u8fdc\u5c0f\u4e8e\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u6bd4\u5185\u5b58\u5feb\u5f97\u591a\uff0c\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6267\u884c\u901f\u5ea6\u4e0a\u8d77\u7740\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u7f13\u5b58\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u5b58\u50a8\u4e00\u5c0f\u90e8\u5206\u9891\u7e41\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5f53 CPU \u5c1d\u8bd5\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4e0d\u5728\u7f13\u5b58\u4e2d\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u300c\u7f13\u5b58\u672a\u547d\u4e2d cache miss\u300d\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6 CPU \u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u4ece\u901f\u5ea6\u8f83\u6162\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u52a0\u8f7d\u6240\u9700\u6570\u636e\u3002

    \u663e\u7136\uff0c\u201c\u7f13\u5b58\u672a\u547d\u4e2d\u201d\u8d8a\u5c11\uff0cCPU \u8bfb\u5199\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6548\u7387\u5c31\u8d8a\u9ad8\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6027\u80fd\u4e5f\u5c31\u8d8a\u597d\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5c06 CPU \u4ece\u7f13\u5b58\u4e2d\u6210\u529f\u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u79f0\u4e3a\u300c\u7f13\u5b58\u547d\u4e2d\u7387 cache hit rate\u300d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6307\u6807\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u6765\u8861\u91cf\u7f13\u5b58\u6548\u7387\u3002

    \u4e3a\u4e86\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u8fbe\u5230\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u7f13\u5b58\u4f1a\u91c7\u53d6\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6570\u636e\u52a0\u8f7d\u673a\u5236\u3002

    • \u7f13\u5b58\u884c\uff1a\u7f13\u5b58\u4e0d\u662f\u5355\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u5730\u5b58\u50a8\u4e0e\u52a0\u8f7d\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4ee5\u7f13\u5b58\u884c\u4e3a\u5355\u4f4d\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e8e\u5355\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\uff0c\u7f13\u5b58\u884c\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\u5f62\u5f0f\u66f4\u52a0\u9ad8\u6548\u3002
    • \u9884\u53d6\u673a\u5236\uff1a\u5904\u7406\u5668\u4f1a\u5c1d\u8bd5\u9884\u6d4b\u6570\u636e\u8bbf\u95ee\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u987a\u5e8f\u8bbf\u95ee\u3001\u56fa\u5b9a\u6b65\u957f\u8df3\u8dc3\u8bbf\u95ee\u7b49\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u6839\u636e\u7279\u5b9a\u6a21\u5f0f\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u52a0\u8f7d\u81f3\u7f13\u5b58\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63d0\u5347\u547d\u4e2d\u7387\u3002
    • \u7a7a\u95f4\u5c40\u90e8\u6027\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5b83\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u80fd\u8fd1\u671f\u4e5f\u4f1a\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7f13\u5b58\u5728\u52a0\u8f7d\u67d0\u4e00\u6570\u636e\u65f6\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u52a0\u8f7d\u5176\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u547d\u4e2d\u7387\u3002
    • \u65f6\u95f4\u5c40\u90e8\u6027\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5b83\u5728\u4e0d\u4e45\u7684\u5c06\u6765\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u518d\u6b21\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002\u7f13\u5b58\u5229\u7528\u8fd9\u4e00\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4fdd\u7559\u6700\u8fd1\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6765\u63d0\u9ad8\u547d\u4e2d\u7387\u3002

    \u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u94fe\u8868\u5bf9\u7f13\u5b58\u7684\u5229\u7528\u6548\u7387\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u3002

    • \u5360\u7528\u7a7a\u95f4\uff1a\u94fe\u8868\u5143\u7d20\u6bd4\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u5360\u7528\u7a7a\u95f4\u66f4\u591a\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u7f13\u5b58\u4e2d\u5bb9\u7eb3\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u66f4\u5c11\u3002
    • \u7f13\u5b58\u884c\uff1a\u94fe\u8868\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6563\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u5404\u5904\uff0c\u800c\u7f13\u5b58\u662f\u201c\u6309\u884c\u52a0\u8f7d\u201d\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u52a0\u8f7d\u5230\u65e0\u6548\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u66f4\u9ad8\u3002
    • \u9884\u53d6\u673a\u5236\uff1a\u6570\u7ec4\u6bd4\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8bbf\u95ee\u6a21\u5f0f\u66f4\u5177\u201c\u53ef\u9884\u6d4b\u6027\u201d\uff0c\u5373\u7cfb\u7edf\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u731c\u51fa\u5373\u5c06\u88ab\u52a0\u8f7d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002
    • \u7a7a\u95f4\u5c40\u90e8\u6027\uff1a\u6570\u7ec4\u88ab\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u96c6\u4e2d\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u88ab\u52a0\u8f7d\u6570\u636e\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u6570\u636e\u66f4\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5373\u5c06\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002

    \u603b\u4f53\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6570\u7ec4\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u7f13\u5b58\u547d\u4e2d\u7387\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u5728\u64cd\u4f5c\u6548\u7387\u4e0a\u901a\u5e38\u4f18\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u3002\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u5728\u89e3\u51b3\u7b97\u6cd5\u95ee\u9898\u65f6\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u5f80\u5f80\u66f4\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\u3002

    \u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u9ad8\u7f13\u5b58\u6548\u7387\u5e76\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6570\u7ec4\u5728\u6240\u6709\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u90fd\u4f18\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\u9009\u62e9\u54ea\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5e94\u6839\u636e\u5177\u4f53\u9700\u6c42\u6765\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u94fe\u8868\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u201c\u6808\u201d\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff08\u4e0b\u4e00\u7ae0\u4f1a\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u573a\u666f\u3002

    • \u5728\u505a\u7b97\u6cd5\u9898\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u9009\u62e9\u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6808\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u6548\u7387\u548c\u968f\u673a\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u4ee3\u4ef7\u4ec5\u662f\u9700\u8981\u9884\u5148\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u5206\u914d\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002
    • \u5982\u679c\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u975e\u5e38\u5927\u3001\u52a8\u6001\u6027\u5f88\u9ad8\u3001\u6808\u7684\u9884\u671f\u5927\u5c0f\u96be\u4ee5\u4f30\u8ba1\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6808\u66f4\u52a0\u5408\u9002\u3002\u94fe\u8868\u80fd\u591f\u5c06\u5927\u91cf\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6563\u5b58\u50a8\u4e8e\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u907f\u514d\u4e86\u6570\u7ec4\u6269\u5bb9\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u989d\u5916\u5f00\u9500\u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/summary/","title":"4.5 \u00a0 \u5c0f\u7ed3","text":""},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/summary/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u91cd\u70b9\u56de\u987e","text":"
    • \u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u94fe\u8868\u662f\u4e24\u79cd\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u4ee3\u8868\u6570\u636e\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u7684\u4e24\u79cd\u5b58\u50a8\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a\u8fde\u7eed\u7a7a\u95f4\u5b58\u50a8\u548c\u5206\u6563\u7a7a\u95f4\u5b58\u50a8\u3002\u4e24\u8005\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u5448\u73b0\u51fa\u4e92\u8865\u7684\u7279\u6027\u3002
    • \u6570\u7ec4\u652f\u6301\u968f\u673a\u8bbf\u95ee\u3001\u5360\u7528\u5185\u5b58\u8f83\u5c11\uff1b\u4f46\u63d2\u5165\u548c\u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20\u6548\u7387\u4f4e\uff0c\u4e14\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u540e\u957f\u5ea6\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u3002
    • \u94fe\u8868\u901a\u8fc7\u66f4\u6539\u5f15\u7528\uff08\u6307\u9488\uff09\u5b9e\u73b0\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u63d2\u5165\u4e0e\u5220\u9664\uff0c\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u7075\u6d3b\u8c03\u6574\u957f\u5ea6\uff1b\u4f46\u8282\u70b9\u8bbf\u95ee\u6548\u7387\u4f4e\u3001\u5360\u7528\u5185\u5b58\u8f83\u591a\u3002\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u94fe\u8868\u7c7b\u578b\u5305\u62ec\u5355\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u3001\u73af\u5f62\u94fe\u8868\u3001\u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u3002
    • \u5217\u8868\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u652f\u6301\u589e\u5220\u67e5\u6539\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u6709\u5e8f\u96c6\u5408\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u57fa\u4e8e\u52a8\u6001\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u5b83\u4fdd\u7559\u4e86\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u7075\u6d3b\u8c03\u6574\u957f\u5ea6\u3002
    • \u5217\u8868\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u5927\u5e45\u5730\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5b9e\u7528\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u90e8\u5206\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u6d6a\u8d39\u3002
    • \u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u4e3b\u8981\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u3002\u6570\u7ec4\u53ef\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u800c\u94fe\u8868\u5219\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0a\u66f4\u52a0\u7075\u6d3b\u3002
    • \u7f13\u5b58\u901a\u8fc7\u7f13\u5b58\u884c\u3001\u9884\u53d6\u673a\u5236\u4ee5\u53ca\u7a7a\u95f4\u5c40\u90e8\u6027\u548c\u65f6\u95f4\u5c40\u90e8\u6027\u7b49\u6570\u636e\u52a0\u8f7d\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u4e3a CPU \u63d0\u4f9b\u5feb\u901f\u6570\u636e\u8bbf\u95ee\uff0c\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u5347\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u6267\u884c\u6548\u7387\u3002
    • \u7531\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u7f13\u5b58\u547d\u4e2d\u7387\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u901a\u5e38\u6bd4\u94fe\u8868\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548\u3002\u5728\u9009\u62e9\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u65f6\uff0c\u5e94\u6839\u636e\u5177\u4f53\u9700\u6c42\u548c\u573a\u666f\u505a\u51fa\u6070\u5f53\u9009\u62e9\u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/summary/#2-q-a","title":"2. \u00a0 Q & A","text":"

    \u6570\u7ec4\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u6808\u4e0a\u548c\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u5806\u4e0a\uff0c\u5bf9\u65f6\u95f4\u6548\u7387\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u6548\u7387\u662f\u5426\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\uff1f

    \u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u6808\u4e0a\u548c\u5806\u4e0a\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u90fd\u88ab\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u8fde\u7eed\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u5185\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u64cd\u4f5c\u6548\u7387\u57fa\u672c\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6808\u548c\u5806\u5177\u6709\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u7279\u70b9\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e0d\u540c\u70b9\u3002

    1. \u5206\u914d\u548c\u91ca\u653e\u6548\u7387\uff1a\u6808\u662f\u4e00\u5757\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u5206\u914d\u7531\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u81ea\u52a8\u5b8c\u6210\uff1b\u800c\u5806\u5185\u5b58\u76f8\u5bf9\u66f4\u5927\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u52a8\u6001\u5206\u914d\uff0c\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u788e\u7247\u5316\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5806\u4e0a\u7684\u5206\u914d\u548c\u91ca\u653e\u64cd\u4f5c\u901a\u5e38\u6bd4\u6808\u4e0a\u7684\u6162\u3002
    2. \u5927\u5c0f\u9650\u5236\uff1a\u6808\u5185\u5b58\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u5c0f\uff0c\u5806\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u4e00\u822c\u53d7\u9650\u4e8e\u53ef\u7528\u5185\u5b58\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u5806\u66f4\u52a0\u9002\u5408\u5b58\u50a8\u5927\u578b\u6570\u7ec4\u3002
    3. \u7075\u6d3b\u6027\uff1a\u6808\u4e0a\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u9700\u8981\u5728\u7f16\u8bd1\u65f6\u786e\u5b9a\uff0c\u800c\u5806\u4e0a\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u52a8\u6001\u786e\u5b9a\u3002

    \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6570\u7ec4\u8981\u6c42\u76f8\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u5374\u6ca1\u6709\u5f3a\u8c03\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u5462\uff1f

    \u94fe\u8868\u7531\u8282\u70b9\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u901a\u8fc7\u5f15\u7528\uff08\u6307\u9488\uff09\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u5404\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b58\u50a8\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 int\u3001double\u3001string\u3001object \u7b49\u3002

    \u76f8\u5bf9\u5730\uff0c\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u5219\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u76f8\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u624d\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u8ba1\u7b97\u504f\u79fb\u91cf\u6765\u83b7\u53d6\u5bf9\u5e94\u5143\u7d20\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6570\u7ec4\u540c\u65f6\u5305\u542b int \u548c long \u4e24\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u5355\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5206\u522b\u5360\u7528 4 \u5b57\u8282 \u548c 8 \u5b57\u8282 \uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u516c\u5f0f\u8ba1\u7b97\u504f\u79fb\u91cf\u4e86\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u4e24\u79cd\u201c\u5143\u7d20\u957f\u5ea6\u201d\u3002

    # \u5143\u7d20\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740 = \u6570\u7ec4\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740 + \u5143\u7d20\u957f\u5ea6 * \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\n

    \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u540e\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u9700\u8981\u628a P.next \u8bbe\u4e3a None \u5462\uff1f

    \u4e0d\u4fee\u6539 P.next \u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u3002\u4ece\u8be5\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u4ece\u5934\u8282\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5230\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0d\u4f1a\u9047\u5230 P \u4e86\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u8282\u70b9 P \u5df2\u7ecf\u4ece\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u4e86\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u8282\u70b9 P \u6307\u5411\u54ea\u91cc\u90fd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5bf9\u8be5\u94fe\u8868\u4ea7\u751f\u5f71\u54cd\u3002

    \u4ece\u5783\u573e\u56de\u6536\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e Java\u3001Python\u3001Go \u7b49\u62e5\u6709\u81ea\u52a8\u5783\u573e\u56de\u6536\u673a\u5236\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8282\u70b9 P \u662f\u5426\u88ab\u56de\u6536\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u662f\u5426\u4ecd\u5b58\u5728\u6307\u5411\u5b83\u7684\u5f15\u7528\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f P.next \u7684\u503c\u3002\u5728 C \u548c C++ \u7b49\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u624b\u52a8\u91ca\u653e\u8282\u70b9\u5185\u5b58\u3002

    \u5728\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u63d2\u5165\u548c\u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u662f \\(O(1)\\) \u3002\u4f46\u662f\u589e\u5220\u4e4b\u524d\u90fd\u9700\u8981 \\(O(n)\\) \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u67e5\u627e\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u90a3\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e0d\u662f \\(O(n)\\) \u5462\uff1f

    \u5982\u679c\u662f\u5148\u67e5\u627e\u5143\u7d20\u3001\u518d\u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u786e\u5b9e\u662f \\(O(n)\\) \u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u94fe\u8868\u7684 \\(O(1)\\) \u589e\u5220\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u5e94\u7528\u4e0a\u5f97\u5230\u4f53\u73b0\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u9002\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7ef4\u62a4\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u9488\u53d8\u91cf\u59cb\u7ec8\u6307\u5411\u5934\u8282\u70b9\u3001\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u63d2\u5165\u4e0e\u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c\u90fd\u662f \\(O(1)\\) \u3002

    \u56fe\u201c\u94fe\u8868\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e0e\u5b58\u50a8\u65b9\u5f0f\u201d\u4e2d\uff0c\u6d45\u84dd\u8272\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u8282\u70b9\u6307\u9488\u662f\u5360\u7528\u4e00\u5757\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\u5417\uff1f\u8fd8\u662f\u548c\u8282\u70b9\u503c\u5404\u5360\u4e00\u534a\u5462\uff1f

    \u8be5\u793a\u610f\u56fe\u53ea\u662f\u5b9a\u6027\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u5b9a\u91cf\u8868\u793a\u9700\u8981\u6839\u636e\u5177\u4f53\u60c5\u51b5\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u6790\u3002

    • \u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u503c\u5360\u7528\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982 int\u3001long\u3001double \u548c\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5bf9\u8c61\u7b49\u3002
    • \u6307\u9488\u53d8\u91cf\u5360\u7528\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u5927\u5c0f\u6839\u636e\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ca\u7f16\u8bd1\u73af\u5883\u800c\u5b9a\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u4e3a 8 \u5b57\u8282\u6216 4 \u5b57\u8282\u3002

    \u5728\u5217\u8868\u672b\u5c3e\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20\u662f\u5426\u65f6\u65f6\u523b\u523b\u90fd\u4e3a \\(O(1)\\) \uff1f

    \u5982\u679c\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20\u65f6\u8d85\u51fa\u5217\u8868\u957f\u5ea6\uff0c\u5219\u9700\u8981\u5148\u6269\u5bb9\u5217\u8868\u518d\u6dfb\u52a0\u3002\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u7533\u8bf7\u4e00\u5757\u65b0\u7684\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u539f\u5217\u8868\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u642c\u8fd0\u8fc7\u53bb\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u5019\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5c31\u4f1a\u662f \\(O(n)\\) \u3002

    \u201c\u5217\u8868\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6781\u5927\u5730\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5b9e\u7528\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u90e8\u5206\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u6d6a\u8d39\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u6d6a\u8d39\u662f\u6307\u989d\u5916\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5982\u5bb9\u91cf\u3001\u957f\u5ea6\u3001\u6269\u5bb9\u500d\u6570\u6240\u5360\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5417\uff1f

    \u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u6d6a\u8d39\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u4e24\u65b9\u9762\u542b\u4e49\uff1a\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5217\u8868\u90fd\u4f1a\u8bbe\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u521d\u59cb\u957f\u5ea6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u9700\u8981\u7528\u8fd9\u4e48\u591a\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u9632\u6b62\u9891\u7e41\u6269\u5bb9\uff0c\u6269\u5bb9\u4e00\u822c\u4f1a\u4e58\u4ee5\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u6570\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982 \\(\\times 1.5\\) \u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u6765\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u5f88\u591a\u7a7a\u4f4d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u80fd\u5b8c\u5168\u586b\u6ee1\u5b83\u4eec\u3002

    \u5728 Python \u4e2d\u521d\u59cb\u5316 n = [1, 2, 3] \u540e\uff0c\u8fd9 3 \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u5730\u5740\u662f\u76f8\u8fde\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u521d\u59cb\u5316 m = [2, 1, 3] \u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u5b83\u4eec\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u7684 id \u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5206\u522b\u8ddf n \u4e2d\u7684\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u5730\u5740\u4e0d\u8fde\u7eed\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48 m \u8fd8\u662f\u6570\u7ec4\u5417\uff1f

    \u5047\u5982\u628a\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\u6362\u6210\u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9 n = [n1, n2, n3, n4, n5] \uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u8fd9 5 \u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e5f\u5206\u6563\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u5404\u5904\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5217\u8868\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728 \\(O(1)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u8bbf\u95ee\u5230\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u662f\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5f15\u7528\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u8282\u70b9\u672c\u8eab\u3002

    \u4e0e\u8bb8\u591a\u8bed\u8a00\u4e0d\u540c\uff0cPython \u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u4e5f\u88ab\u5305\u88c5\u4e3a\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u6570\u5b57\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5bf9\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u4e24\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u76f8\u540c\u6570\u5b57\u62e5\u6709\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a id \uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\u65e0\u987b\u8fde\u7eed\u3002

    C++ STL \u91cc\u9762\u7684 std::list \u5df2\u7ecf\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\uff0c\u4f46\u597d\u50cf\u4e00\u4e9b\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e66\u4e0a\u4e0d\u600e\u4e48\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\uff0c\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u5c40\u9650\u6027\u5462\uff1f

    \u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5f80\u5f80\u66f4\u9752\u7750\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u5728\u5fc5\u8981\u65f6\u624d\u4f7f\u7528\u94fe\u8868\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u539f\u56e0\u3002

    • \u7a7a\u95f4\u5f00\u9500\uff1a\u7531\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u9700\u8981\u4e24\u4e2a\u989d\u5916\u7684\u6307\u9488\uff08\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4e8e\u524d\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4e8e\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\uff09\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5 std::list \u901a\u5e38\u6bd4 std::vector \u66f4\u5360\u7528\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002
    • \u7f13\u5b58\u4e0d\u53cb\u597d\uff1a\u7531\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u4e0d\u662f\u8fde\u7eed\u5b58\u653e\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64 std::list \u5bf9\u7f13\u5b58\u7684\u5229\u7528\u7387\u8f83\u4f4e\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0cstd::vector \u7684\u6027\u80fd\u4f1a\u66f4\u597d\u3002

    \u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5fc5\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u548c\u56fe\u3002\u6808\u548c\u961f\u5217\u5f80\u5f80\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684 stack \u548c queue \uff0c\u800c\u975e\u94fe\u8868\u3002

    \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5217\u8868 res = [0] * self.size() \u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4 res \u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5f15\u7528\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5730\u5740\u5417\uff1f

    \u4e0d\u4f1a\u3002\u4f46\u4e8c\u7ef4\u6570\u7ec4\u4f1a\u6709\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e8c\u7ef4\u5217\u8868 res = [[0] * self.size()] \uff0c\u5219\u591a\u6b21\u5f15\u7528\u4e86\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5217\u8868 [0] \u3002

    \u5728\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u4e2d\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u65ad\u5f00\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u4e0e\u5176\u540e\u7ee7\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u6307\u5411\u5417\uff1f

    \u4ece\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u7b97\u6cd5\uff08\u505a\u9898\uff09\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u4e0d\u65ad\u5f00\u6ca1\u6709\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u4fdd\u8bc1\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u5c31\u884c\u3002\u4ece\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u65ad\u5f00\u66f4\u52a0\u5b89\u5168\u3001\u903b\u8f91\u66f4\u52a0\u6e05\u6670\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u65ad\u5f00\uff0c\u5047\u8bbe\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u672a\u88ab\u6b63\u5e38\u56de\u6536\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5b83\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u540e\u7ee7\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u56de\u6536\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_backtracking/","title":"\u7b2c 13 \u7ae0 \u00a0 \u56de\u6eaf","text":"

    Abstract

    \u6211\u4eec\u5982\u540c\u8ff7\u5bab\u4e2d\u7684\u63a2\u7d22\u8005\uff0c\u5728\u524d\u8fdb\u7684\u9053\u8def\u4e0a\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u9047\u5230\u56f0\u96be\u3002

    \u56de\u6eaf\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u91cd\u65b0\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4e0d\u65ad\u5c1d\u8bd5\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u627e\u5230\u901a\u5f80\u5149\u660e\u7684\u51fa\u53e3\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_backtracking/#_1","title":"\u672c\u7ae0\u5185\u5bb9","text":"
    • 13.1 \u00a0 \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5
    • 13.2 \u00a0 \u5168\u6392\u5217\u95ee\u9898
    • 13.3 \u00a0 \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u95ee\u9898
    • 13.4 \u00a0 N \u7687\u540e\u95ee\u9898
    • 13.5 \u00a0 \u5c0f\u7ed3
    "},{"location":"chapter_backtracking/backtracking_algorithm/","title":"13.1 \u00a0 \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5","text":"

    \u300c\u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5 backtracking algorithm\u300d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u901a\u8fc7\u7a77\u4e3e\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u601d\u60f3\u662f\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u5f53\u9047\u5230\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u89e3\u5219\u5c06\u5176\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u627e\u5230\u89e3\u6216\u8005\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u90fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u627e\u5230\u89e3\u4e3a\u6b62\u3002

    \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\u901a\u5e38\u91c7\u7528\u201c\u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u641c\u7d22\u201d\u6765\u904d\u5386\u89e3\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u5728\u201c\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u201d\u7ae0\u8282\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u5230\u524d\u5e8f\u3001\u4e2d\u5e8f\u548c\u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u90fd\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u641c\u7d22\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5229\u7528\u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u6784\u9020\u4e00\u4e2a\u56de\u6eaf\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u9010\u6b65\u4e86\u89e3\u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u3002

    \u4f8b\u9898\u4e00

    \u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u68f5\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff0c\u641c\u7d22\u5e76\u8bb0\u5f55\u6240\u6709\u503c\u4e3a \\(7\\) \u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8bf7\u8fd4\u56de\u8282\u70b9\u5217\u8868\u3002

    \u5bf9\u4e8e\u6b64\u9898\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u8fd9\u68f5\u6811\uff0c\u5e76\u5224\u65ad\u5f53\u524d\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u503c\u662f\u5426\u4e3a \\(7\\) \uff0c\u82e5\u662f\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u503c\u52a0\u5165\u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868 res \u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002\u76f8\u5173\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5b9e\u73b0\u5982\u56fe 13-1 \u548c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u6240\u793a\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig preorder_traversal_i_compact.py
    def pre_order(root: TreeNode):\n    \"\"\"\u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e00\"\"\"\n    if root is None:\n        return\n    if root.val == 7:\n        # \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n        res.append(root)\n    pre_order(root.left)\n    pre_order(root.right)\n
    preorder_traversal_i_compact.cpp
    /* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e00 */\nvoid preOrder(TreeNode *root) {\n    if (root == nullptr) {\n        return;\n    }\n    if (root->val == 7) {\n        // \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n        res.push_back(root);\n    }\n    preOrder(root->left);\n    preOrder(root->right);\n}\n
    preorder_traversal_i_compact.java
    /* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e00 */\nvoid preOrder(TreeNode root) {\n    if (root == null) {\n        return;\n    }\n    if (root.val == 7) {\n        // \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n        res.add(root);\n    }\n    preOrder(root.left);\n    preOrder(root.right);\n}\n
    preorder_traversal_i_compact.cs
    /* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e00 */\nvoid PreOrder(TreeNode? root) {\n    if (root == null) {\n        return;\n    }\n    if (root.val == 7) {\n        // \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n        res.Add(root);\n    }\n    PreOrder(root.left);\n    PreOrder(root.right);\n}\n
    preorder_traversal_i_compact.go
    /* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e00 */\nfunc preOrderI(root *TreeNode, res *[]*TreeNode) {\n    if root == nil {\n        return\n    }\n    if (root.Val).(int) == 7 {\n        // \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n        *res = append(*res, root)\n    }\n    preOrderI(root.Left, res)\n    preOrderI(root.Right, res)\n}\n
    preorder_traversal_i_compact.swift
    /* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e00 */\nfunc preOrder(root: TreeNode?) {\n    guard let root = root else {\n        return\n    }\n    if root.val == 7 {\n        // \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n        res.append(root)\n    }\n    preOrder(root: root.left)\n    preOrder(root: root.right)\n}\n
    preorder_traversal_i_compact.js
    /* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e00 */\nfunction preOrder(root, res) {\n    if (root === null) {\n        return;\n    }\n    if (root.val === 7) {\n        // \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n        res.push(root);\n    }\n    preOrder(root.left, res);\n    preOrder(root.right, res);\n}\n
    preorder_traversal_i_compact.ts
    /* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e00 */\nfunction preOrder(root: TreeNode | null, res: TreeNode[]): void {\n    if (root === null) {\n        return;\n    }\n    if (root.val === 7) {\n        // \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n        res.push(root);\n    }\n    preOrder(root.left, res);\n    preOrder(root.right, res);\n}\n
    preorder_traversal_i_compact.dart
    /* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e00 */\nvoid preOrder(TreeNode? root, List<TreeNode> res) {\n  if (root == null) {\n    return;\n  }\n  if (root.val == 7) {\n    // \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n    res.add(root);\n  }\n  preOrder(root.left, res);\n  preOrder(root.right, res);\n}\n
    preorder_traversal_i_compact.rs
    /* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e00 */\nfn pre_order(res: &mut Vec<Rc<RefCell<TreeNode>>>, root: Option<Rc<RefCell<TreeNode>>>) {\n    if root.is_none() {\n        return;\n    }\n    if let Some(node) = root {\n        if node.borrow().val == 7 {\n            // \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n            res.push(node.clone());\n        }\n        pre_order(res, node.borrow().left.clone());\n        pre_order(res, node.borrow().right.clone());\n    }\n}\n
    preorder_traversal_i_compact.c
    /* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e00 */\nvoid preOrder(TreeNode *root) {\n    if (root == NULL) {\n        return;\n    }\n    if (root->val == 7) {\n        // \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n        res[resSize++] = root;\n    }\n    preOrder(root->left);\n    preOrder(root->right);\n}\n
    preorder_traversal_i_compact.zig
    [class]{}-[func]{preOrder}\n

    \u56fe 13-1 \u00a0 \u5728\u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u4e2d\u641c\u7d22\u8282\u70b9

    "},{"location":"chapter_backtracking/backtracking_algorithm/#1311","title":"13.1.1 \u00a0 \u5c1d\u8bd5\u4e0e\u56de\u9000","text":"

    \u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u8be5\u7b97\u6cd5\u5728\u641c\u7d22\u89e3\u7a7a\u95f4\u65f6\u4f1a\u91c7\u7528\u201c\u5c1d\u8bd5\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u56de\u9000\u201d\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u5f53\u7b97\u6cd5\u5728\u641c\u7d22\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u9047\u5230\u67d0\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u65e0\u6cd5\u7ee7\u7eed\u524d\u8fdb\u6216\u65e0\u6cd5\u5f97\u5230\u6ee1\u8db3\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u89e3\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u64a4\u9500\u4e0a\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u9000\u56de\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5e76\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5176\u4ed6\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u3002

    \u5bf9\u4e8e\u4f8b\u9898\u4e00\uff0c\u8bbf\u95ee\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u4ee3\u8868\u4e00\u6b21\u201c\u5c1d\u8bd5\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u6216\u8fd4\u56de\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u7684 return \u5219\u8868\u793a\u201c\u56de\u9000\u201d\u3002

    \u503c\u5f97\u8bf4\u660e\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u56de\u9000\u5e76\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u5305\u62ec\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u3002\u4e3a\u89e3\u91ca\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u4f8b\u9898\u4e00\u7a0d\u4f5c\u62d3\u5c55\u3002

    \u4f8b\u9898\u4e8c

    \u5728\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u4e2d\u641c\u7d22\u6240\u6709\u503c\u4e3a \\(7\\) \u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8bf7\u8fd4\u56de\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u5230\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u3002

    \u5728\u4f8b\u9898\u4e00\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u501f\u52a9\u4e00\u4e2a\u5217\u8868 path \u8bb0\u5f55\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u8def\u5f84\u3002\u5f53\u8bbf\u95ee\u5230\u503c\u4e3a \\(7\\) \u7684\u8282\u70b9\u65f6\uff0c\u5219\u590d\u5236 path \u5e76\u6dfb\u52a0\u8fdb\u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868 res \u3002\u904d\u5386\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0cres \u4e2d\u4fdd\u5b58\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u6240\u6709\u7684\u89e3\u3002\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig preorder_traversal_ii_compact.py
    def pre_order(root: TreeNode):\n    \"\"\"\u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e8c\"\"\"\n    if root is None:\n        return\n    # \u5c1d\u8bd5\n    path.append(root)\n    if root.val == 7:\n        # \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n        res.append(list(path))\n    pre_order(root.left)\n    pre_order(root.right)\n    # \u56de\u9000\n    path.pop()\n
    preorder_traversal_ii_compact.cpp
    /* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e8c */\nvoid preOrder(TreeNode *root) {\n    if (root == nullptr) {\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u5c1d\u8bd5\n    path.push_back(root);\n    if (root->val == 7) {\n        // \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n        res.push_back(path);\n    }\n    preOrder(root->left);\n    preOrder(root->right);\n    // \u56de\u9000\n    path.pop_back();\n}\n
    preorder_traversal_ii_compact.java
    /* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e8c */\nvoid preOrder(TreeNode root) {\n    if (root == null) {\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u5c1d\u8bd5\n    path.add(root);\n    if (root.val == 7) {\n        // \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n        res.add(new ArrayList<>(path));\n    }\n    preOrder(root.left);\n    preOrder(root.right);\n    // \u56de\u9000\n    path.remove(path.size() - 1);\n}\n
    preorder_traversal_ii_compact.cs
    /* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e8c */\nvoid PreOrder(TreeNode? root) {\n    if (root == null) {\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u5c1d\u8bd5\n    path.Add(root);\n    if (root.val == 7) {\n        // \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n        res.Add(new List<TreeNode>(path));\n    }\n    PreOrder(root.left);\n    PreOrder(root.right);\n    // \u56de\u9000\n    path.RemoveAt(path.Count - 1);\n}\n
    preorder_traversal_ii_compact.go
    /* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e8c */\nfunc preOrderII(root *TreeNode, res *[][]*TreeNode, path *[]*TreeNode) {\n    if root == nil {\n        return\n    }\n    // \u5c1d\u8bd5\n    *path = append(*path, root)\n    if root.Val.(int) == 7 {\n        // \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n        *res = append(*res, append([]*TreeNode{}, *path...))\n    }\n    preOrderII(root.Left, res, path)\n    preOrderII(root.Right, res, path)\n    // \u56de\u9000\n    *path = (*path)[:len(*path)-1]\n}\n
    preorder_traversal_ii_compact.swift
    /* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e8c */\nfunc preOrder(root: TreeNode?) {\n    guard let root = root else {\n        return\n    }\n    // \u5c1d\u8bd5\n    path.append(root)\n    if root.val == 7 {\n        // \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n        res.append(path)\n    }\n    preOrder(root: root.left)\n    preOrder(root: root.right)\n    // \u56de\u9000\n    path.removeLast()\n}\n
    preorder_traversal_ii_compact.js
    /* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e8c */\nfunction preOrder(root, path, res) {\n    if (root === null) {\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u5c1d\u8bd5\n    path.push(root);\n    if (root.val === 7) {\n        // \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n        res.push([...path]);\n    }\n    preOrder(root.left, path, res);\n    preOrder(root.right, path, res);\n    // \u56de\u9000\n    path.pop();\n}\n
    preorder_traversal_ii_compact.ts
    /* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e8c */\nfunction preOrder(\n    root: TreeNode | null,\n    path: TreeNode[],\n    res: TreeNode[][]\n): void {\n    if (root === null) {\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u5c1d\u8bd5\n    path.push(root);\n    if (root.val === 7) {\n        // \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n        res.push([...path]);\n    }\n    preOrder(root.left, path, res);\n    preOrder(root.right, path, res);\n    // \u56de\u9000\n    path.pop();\n}\n
    preorder_traversal_ii_compact.dart
    /* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e8c */\nvoid preOrder(\n  TreeNode? root,\n  List<TreeNode> path,\n  List<List<TreeNode>> res,\n) {\n  if (root == null) {\n    return;\n  }\n\n  // \u5c1d\u8bd5\n  path.add(root);\n  if (root.val == 7) {\n    // \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n    res.add(List.from(path));\n  }\n  preOrder(root.left, path, res);\n  preOrder(root.right, path, res);\n  // \u56de\u9000\n  path.removeLast();\n}\n
    preorder_traversal_ii_compact.rs
    /* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e8c */\nfn pre_order(res: &mut Vec<Vec<Rc<RefCell<TreeNode>>>>, path: &mut Vec<Rc<RefCell<TreeNode>>>, root: Option<Rc<RefCell<TreeNode>>>) {\n    if root.is_none() {\n        return;\n    }\n    if let Some(node) = root {\n        // \u5c1d\u8bd5\n        path.push(node.clone());\n        if node.borrow().val == 7 {\n            // \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n            res.push(path.clone());\n        }\n        pre_order(res, path, node.borrow().left.clone());\n        pre_order(res, path, node.borrow().right.clone());\n        // \u56de\u9000\n        path.remove(path.len() -  1);\n    }\n}\n
    preorder_traversal_ii_compact.c
    /* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e8c */\nvoid preOrder(TreeNode *root) {\n    if (root == NULL) {\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u5c1d\u8bd5\n    path[pathSize++] = root;\n    if (root->val == 7) {\n        // \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n        for (int i = 0; i < pathSize; ++i) {\n            res[resSize][i] = path[i];\n        }\n        resSize++;\n    }\n    preOrder(root->left);\n    preOrder(root->right);\n    // \u56de\u9000\n    pathSize--;\n}\n
    preorder_traversal_ii_compact.zig
    [class]{}-[func]{preOrder}\n

    \u5728\u6bcf\u6b21\u201c\u5c1d\u8bd5\u201d\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u8282\u70b9\u6dfb\u52a0\u8fdb path \u6765\u8bb0\u5f55\u8def\u5f84\uff1b\u800c\u5728\u201c\u56de\u9000\u201d\u524d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u4ece path \u4e2d\u5f39\u51fa\uff0c\u4ee5\u6062\u590d\u672c\u6b21\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002

    \u89c2\u5bdf\u56fe 13-2 \u6240\u793a\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u5c1d\u8bd5\u548c\u56de\u9000\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u201c\u524d\u8fdb\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u64a4\u9500\u201d\uff0c\u4e24\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e92\u4e3a\u9006\u5411\u3002

    <1><2><3><4><5><6><7><8><9><10><11>

    \u56fe 13-2 \u00a0 \u5c1d\u8bd5\u4e0e\u56de\u9000

    "},{"location":"chapter_backtracking/backtracking_algorithm/#1312","title":"13.1.2 \u00a0 \u526a\u679d","text":"

    \u590d\u6742\u7684\u56de\u6eaf\u95ee\u9898\u901a\u5e38\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6\u901a\u5e38\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u201c\u526a\u679d\u201d\u3002

    \u4f8b\u9898\u4e09

    \u5728\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u4e2d\u641c\u7d22\u6240\u6709\u503c\u4e3a \\(7\\) \u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8bf7\u8fd4\u56de\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u5230\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u5e76\u8981\u6c42\u8def\u5f84\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u503c\u4e3a \\(3\\) \u7684\u8282\u70b9\u3002

    \u4e3a\u4e86\u6ee1\u8db3\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u6dfb\u52a0\u526a\u679d\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a\u5728\u641c\u7d22\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u82e5\u9047\u5230\u503c\u4e3a \\(3\\) \u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5219\u63d0\u524d\u8fd4\u56de\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u7ee7\u7eed\u641c\u7d22\u3002\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig preorder_traversal_iii_compact.py
    def pre_order(root: TreeNode):\n    \"\"\"\u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e09\"\"\"\n    # \u526a\u679d\n    if root is None or root.val == 3:\n        return\n    # \u5c1d\u8bd5\n    path.append(root)\n    if root.val == 7:\n        # \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n        res.append(list(path))\n    pre_order(root.left)\n    pre_order(root.right)\n    # \u56de\u9000\n    path.pop()\n
    preorder_traversal_iii_compact.cpp
    /* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e09 */\nvoid preOrder(TreeNode *root) {\n    // \u526a\u679d\n    if (root == nullptr || root->val == 3) {\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u5c1d\u8bd5\n    path.push_back(root);\n    if (root->val == 7) {\n        // \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n        res.push_back(path);\n    }\n    preOrder(root->left);\n    preOrder(root->right);\n    // \u56de\u9000\n    path.pop_back();\n}\n
    preorder_traversal_iii_compact.java
    /* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e09 */\nvoid preOrder(TreeNode root) {\n    // \u526a\u679d\n    if (root == null || root.val == 3) {\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u5c1d\u8bd5\n    path.add(root);\n    if (root.val == 7) {\n        // \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n        res.add(new ArrayList<>(path));\n    }\n    preOrder(root.left);\n    preOrder(root.right);\n    // \u56de\u9000\n    path.remove(path.size() - 1);\n}\n
    preorder_traversal_iii_compact.cs
    /* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e09 */\nvoid PreOrder(TreeNode? root) {\n    // \u526a\u679d\n    if (root == null || root.val == 3) {\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u5c1d\u8bd5\n    path.Add(root);\n    if (root.val == 7) {\n        // \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n        res.Add(new List<TreeNode>(path));\n    }\n    PreOrder(root.left);\n    PreOrder(root.right);\n    // \u56de\u9000\n    path.RemoveAt(path.Count - 1);\n}\n
    preorder_traversal_iii_compact.go
    /* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e09 */\nfunc preOrderIII(root *TreeNode, res *[][]*TreeNode, path *[]*TreeNode) {\n    // \u526a\u679d\n    if root == nil || root.Val == 3 {\n        return\n    }\n    // \u5c1d\u8bd5\n    *path = append(*path, root)\n    if root.Val.(int) == 7 {\n        // \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n        *res = append(*res, *path)\n    }\n    preOrderIII(root.Left, res, path)\n    preOrderIII(root.Right, res, path)\n    // \u56de\u9000\n    *path = (*path)[:len(*path)-1]\n}\n
    preorder_traversal_iii_compact.swift
    /* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e09 */\nfunc preOrder(root: TreeNode?) {\n    // \u526a\u679d\n    guard let root = root, root.val != 3 else {\n        return\n    }\n    // \u5c1d\u8bd5\n    path.append(root)\n    if root.val == 7 {\n        // \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n        res.append(path)\n    }\n    preOrder(root: root.left)\n    preOrder(root: root.right)\n    // \u56de\u9000\n    path.removeLast()\n}\n
    preorder_traversal_iii_compact.js
    /* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e09 */\nfunction preOrder(root, path, res) {\n    // \u526a\u679d\n    if (root === null || root.val === 3) {\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u5c1d\u8bd5\n    path.push(root);\n    if (root.val === 7) {\n        // \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n        res.push([...path]);\n    }\n    preOrder(root.left, path, res);\n    preOrder(root.right, path, res);\n    // \u56de\u9000\n    path.pop();\n}\n
    preorder_traversal_iii_compact.ts
    /* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e09 */\nfunction preOrder(\n    root: TreeNode | null,\n    path: TreeNode[],\n    res: TreeNode[][]\n): void {\n    // \u526a\u679d\n    if (root === null || root.val === 3) {\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u5c1d\u8bd5\n    path.push(root);\n    if (root.val === 7) {\n        // \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n        res.push([...path]);\n    }\n    preOrder(root.left, path, res);\n    preOrder(root.right, path, res);\n    // \u56de\u9000\n    path.pop();\n}\n
    preorder_traversal_iii_compact.dart
    /* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e09 */\nvoid preOrder(\n  TreeNode? root,\n  List<TreeNode> path,\n  List<List<TreeNode>> res,\n) {\n  if (root == null || root.val == 3) {\n    return;\n  }\n\n  // \u5c1d\u8bd5\n  path.add(root);\n  if (root.val == 7) {\n    // \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n    res.add(List.from(path));\n  }\n  preOrder(root.left, path, res);\n  preOrder(root.right, path, res);\n  // \u56de\u9000\n  path.removeLast();\n}\n
    preorder_traversal_iii_compact.rs
    /* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e09 */\nfn pre_order(res: &mut Vec<Vec<Rc<RefCell<TreeNode>>>>, path: &mut Vec<Rc<RefCell<TreeNode>>>, root: Option<Rc<RefCell<TreeNode>>>) {\n    // \u526a\u679d\n    if root.is_none() || root.as_ref().unwrap().borrow().val == 3 {\n        return;\n    }\n    if let Some(node) = root {\n        // \u5c1d\u8bd5\n        path.push(node.clone());\n        if node.borrow().val == 7 {\n            // \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n            res.push(path.clone());\n        }\n        pre_order(res, path, node.borrow().left.clone());\n        pre_order(res, path, node.borrow().right.clone());\n        // \u56de\u9000\n        path.remove(path.len() -  1);\n    }\n}\n
    preorder_traversal_iii_compact.c
    /* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e09 */\nvoid preOrder(TreeNode *root) {\n    // \u526a\u679d\n    if (root == NULL || root->val == 3) {\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u5c1d\u8bd5\n    path[pathSize++] = root;\n    if (root->val == 7) {\n        // \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n        for (int i = 0; i < pathSize; i++) {\n            res[resSize][i] = path[i];\n        }\n        resSize++;\n    }\n    preOrder(root->left);\n    preOrder(root->right);\n    // \u56de\u9000\n    pathSize--;\n}\n
    preorder_traversal_iii_compact.zig
    [class]{}-[func]{preOrder}\n

    \u201c\u526a\u679d\u201d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u5f62\u8c61\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\u3002\u5982\u56fe 13-3 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5728\u641c\u7d22\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u201c\u526a\u6389\u201d\u4e86\u4e0d\u6ee1\u8db3\u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u641c\u7d22\u5206\u652f\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u8bb8\u591a\u65e0\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u5c1d\u8bd5\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u641c\u7d22\u6548\u7387\u3002

    \u56fe 13-3 \u00a0 \u6839\u636e\u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6\u526a\u679d

    "},{"location":"chapter_backtracking/backtracking_algorithm/#1313","title":"13.1.3 \u00a0 \u6846\u67b6\u4ee3\u7801","text":"

    \u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5c06\u56de\u6eaf\u7684\u201c\u5c1d\u8bd5\u3001\u56de\u9000\u3001\u526a\u679d\u201d\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53\u6846\u67b6\u63d0\u70bc\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u63d0\u5347\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u901a\u7528\u6027\u3002

    \u5728\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6846\u67b6\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\uff0cstate \u8868\u793a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\uff0cchoices \u8868\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u51fa\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig 
    def backtrack(state: State, choices: list[choice], res: list[state]):\n    \"\"\"\u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\u6846\u67b6\"\"\"\n    # \u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u89e3\n    if is_solution(state):\n        # \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n        record_solution(state, res)\n        # \u4e0d\u518d\u7ee7\u7eed\u641c\u7d22\n        return\n    # \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    for choice in choices:\n        # \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u5224\u65ad\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5\n        if is_valid(state, choice):\n            # \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\n            make_choice(state, choice)\n            backtrack(state, choices, res)\n            # \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n            undo_choice(state, choice)\n
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\u6846\u67b6 */\nvoid backtrack(State *state, vector<Choice *> &choices, vector<State *> &res) {\n    // \u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u89e3\n    if (isSolution(state)) {\n        // \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n        recordSolution(state, res);\n        // \u4e0d\u518d\u7ee7\u7eed\u641c\u7d22\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    for (Choice choice : choices) {\n        // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u5224\u65ad\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5\n        if (isValid(state, choice)) {\n            // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\n            makeChoice(state, choice);\n            backtrack(state, choices, res);\n            // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n            undoChoice(state, choice);\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\u6846\u67b6 */\nvoid backtrack(State state, List<Choice> choices, List<State> res) {\n    // \u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u89e3\n    if (isSolution(state)) {\n        // \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n        recordSolution(state, res);\n        // \u4e0d\u518d\u7ee7\u7eed\u641c\u7d22\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    for (Choice choice : choices) {\n        // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u5224\u65ad\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5\n        if (isValid(state, choice)) {\n            // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\n            makeChoice(state, choice);\n            backtrack(state, choices, res);\n            // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n            undoChoice(state, choice);\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\u6846\u67b6 */\nvoid Backtrack(State state, List<Choice> choices, List<State> res) {\n    // \u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u89e3\n    if (IsSolution(state)) {\n        // \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n        RecordSolution(state, res);\n        // \u4e0d\u518d\u7ee7\u7eed\u641c\u7d22\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    foreach (Choice choice in choices) {\n        // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u5224\u65ad\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5\n        if (IsValid(state, choice)) {\n            // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\n            MakeChoice(state, choice);\n            Backtrack(state, choices, res);\n            // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n            UndoChoice(state, choice);\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\u6846\u67b6 */\nfunc backtrack(state *State, choices []Choice, res *[]State) {\n    // \u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u89e3\n    if isSolution(state) {\n        // \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n        recordSolution(state, res)\n        // \u4e0d\u518d\u7ee7\u7eed\u641c\u7d22\n        return\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    for _, choice := range choices {\n        // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u5224\u65ad\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5\n        if isValid(state, choice) {\n            // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\n            makeChoice(state, choice)\n            backtrack(state, choices, res)\n            // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n            undoChoice(state, choice)\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\u6846\u67b6 */\nfunc backtrack(state: inout State, choices: [Choice], res: inout [State]) {\n    // \u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u89e3\n    if isSolution(state: state) {\n        // \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n        recordSolution(state: state, res: &res)\n        // \u4e0d\u518d\u7ee7\u7eed\u641c\u7d22\n        return\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    for choice in choices {\n        // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u5224\u65ad\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5\n        if isValid(state: state, choice: choice) {\n            // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\n            makeChoice(state: &state, choice: choice)\n            backtrack(state: &state, choices: choices, res: &res)\n            // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n            undoChoice(state: &state, choice: choice)\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\u6846\u67b6 */\nfunction backtrack(state, choices, res) {\n    // \u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u89e3\n    if (isSolution(state)) {\n        // \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n        recordSolution(state, res);\n        // \u4e0d\u518d\u7ee7\u7eed\u641c\u7d22\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    for (let choice of choices) {\n        // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u5224\u65ad\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5\n        if (isValid(state, choice)) {\n            // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\n            makeChoice(state, choice);\n            backtrack(state, choices, res);\n            // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n            undoChoice(state, choice);\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\u6846\u67b6 */\nfunction backtrack(state: State, choices: Choice[], res: State[]): void {\n    // \u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u89e3\n    if (isSolution(state)) {\n        // \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n        recordSolution(state, res);\n        // \u4e0d\u518d\u7ee7\u7eed\u641c\u7d22\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    for (let choice of choices) {\n        // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u5224\u65ad\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5\n        if (isValid(state, choice)) {\n            // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\n            makeChoice(state, choice);\n            backtrack(state, choices, res);\n            // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n            undoChoice(state, choice);\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\u6846\u67b6 */\nvoid backtrack(State state, List<Choice>, List<State> res) {\n  // \u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u89e3\n  if (isSolution(state)) {\n    // \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n    recordSolution(state, res);\n    // \u4e0d\u518d\u7ee7\u7eed\u641c\u7d22\n    return;\n  }\n  // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n  for (Choice choice in choices) {\n    // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u5224\u65ad\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5\n    if (isValid(state, choice)) {\n      // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\n      makeChoice(state, choice);\n      backtrack(state, choices, res);\n      // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n      undoChoice(state, choice);\n    }\n  }\n}\n
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\u6846\u67b6 */\nfn backtrack(state: &mut State, choices: &Vec<Choice>, res: &mut Vec<State>) {\n    // \u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u89e3\n    if is_solution(state) {\n        // \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n        record_solution(state, res);\n        // \u4e0d\u518d\u7ee7\u7eed\u641c\u7d22\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    for choice in choices {\n        // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u5224\u65ad\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5\n        if is_valid(state, choice) {\n            // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\n            make_choice(state, choice);\n            backtrack(state, choices, res);\n            // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n            undo_choice(state, choice);\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\u6846\u67b6 */\nvoid backtrack(State *state, Choice *choices, int numChoices, State *res, int numRes) {\n    // \u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u89e3\n    if (isSolution(state)) {\n        // \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n        recordSolution(state, res, numRes);\n        // \u4e0d\u518d\u7ee7\u7eed\u641c\u7d22\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    for (int i = 0; i < numChoices; i++) {\n        // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u5224\u65ad\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5\n        if (isValid(state, &choices[i])) {\n            // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\n            makeChoice(state, &choices[i]);\n            backtrack(state, choices, numChoices, res, numRes);\n            // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n            undoChoice(state, &choices[i]);\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    \n

    \u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u57fa\u4e8e\u6846\u67b6\u4ee3\u7801\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u4f8b\u9898\u4e09\u3002\u72b6\u6001 state \u4e3a\u8282\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u9009\u62e9 choices \u4e3a\u5f53\u524d\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c res \u662f\u8def\u5f84\u5217\u8868\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig preorder_traversal_iii_template.py
    def is_solution(state: list[TreeNode]) -> bool:\n    \"\"\"\u5224\u65ad\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u89e3\"\"\"\n    return state and state[-1].val == 7\n\ndef record_solution(state: list[TreeNode], res: list[list[TreeNode]]):\n    \"\"\"\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\"\"\"\n    res.append(list(state))\n\ndef is_valid(state: list[TreeNode], choice: TreeNode) -> bool:\n    \"\"\"\u5224\u65ad\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\uff0c\u8be5\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5\"\"\"\n    return choice is not None and choice.val != 3\n\ndef make_choice(state: list[TreeNode], choice: TreeNode):\n    \"\"\"\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\"\"\"\n    state.append(choice)\n\ndef undo_choice(state: list[TreeNode], choice: TreeNode):\n    \"\"\"\u6062\u590d\u72b6\u6001\"\"\"\n    state.pop()\n\ndef backtrack(\n    state: list[TreeNode], choices: list[TreeNode], res: list[list[TreeNode]]\n):\n    \"\"\"\u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e09\"\"\"\n    # \u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u89e3\n    if is_solution(state):\n        # \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n        record_solution(state, res)\n    # \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    for choice in choices:\n        # \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u68c0\u67e5\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5\n        if is_valid(state, choice):\n            # \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\n            make_choice(state, choice)\n            # \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\n            backtrack(state, [choice.left, choice.right], res)\n            # \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n            undo_choice(state, choice)\n
    preorder_traversal_iii_template.cpp
    /* \u5224\u65ad\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u89e3 */\nbool isSolution(vector<TreeNode *> &state) {\n    return !state.empty() && state.back()->val == 7;\n}\n\n/* \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3 */\nvoid recordSolution(vector<TreeNode *> &state, vector<vector<TreeNode *>> &res) {\n    res.push_back(state);\n}\n\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\uff0c\u8be5\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5 */\nbool isValid(vector<TreeNode *> &state, TreeNode *choice) {\n    return choice != nullptr && choice->val != 3;\n}\n\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001 */\nvoid makeChoice(vector<TreeNode *> &state, TreeNode *choice) {\n    state.push_back(choice);\n}\n\n/* \u6062\u590d\u72b6\u6001 */\nvoid undoChoice(vector<TreeNode *> &state, TreeNode *choice) {\n    state.pop_back();\n}\n\n/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e09 */\nvoid backtrack(vector<TreeNode *> &state, vector<TreeNode *> &choices, vector<vector<TreeNode *>> &res) {\n    // \u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u89e3\n    if (isSolution(state)) {\n        // \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n        recordSolution(state, res);\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    for (TreeNode *choice : choices) {\n        // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u68c0\u67e5\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5\n        if (isValid(state, choice)) {\n            // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\n            makeChoice(state, choice);\n            // \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\n            vector<TreeNode *> nextChoices{choice->left, choice->right};\n            backtrack(state, nextChoices, res);\n            // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n            undoChoice(state, choice);\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    preorder_traversal_iii_template.java
    /* \u5224\u65ad\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u89e3 */\nboolean isSolution(List<TreeNode> state) {\n    return !state.isEmpty() && state.get(state.size() - 1).val == 7;\n}\n\n/* \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3 */\nvoid recordSolution(List<TreeNode> state, List<List<TreeNode>> res) {\n    res.add(new ArrayList<>(state));\n}\n\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\uff0c\u8be5\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5 */\nboolean isValid(List<TreeNode> state, TreeNode choice) {\n    return choice != null && choice.val != 3;\n}\n\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001 */\nvoid makeChoice(List<TreeNode> state, TreeNode choice) {\n    state.add(choice);\n}\n\n/* \u6062\u590d\u72b6\u6001 */\nvoid undoChoice(List<TreeNode> state, TreeNode choice) {\n    state.remove(state.size() - 1);\n}\n\n/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e09 */\nvoid backtrack(List<TreeNode> state, List<TreeNode> choices, List<List<TreeNode>> res) {\n    // \u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u89e3\n    if (isSolution(state)) {\n        // \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n        recordSolution(state, res);\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    for (TreeNode choice : choices) {\n        // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u68c0\u67e5\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5\n        if (isValid(state, choice)) {\n            // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\n            makeChoice(state, choice);\n            // \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\n            backtrack(state, Arrays.asList(choice.left, choice.right), res);\n            // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n            undoChoice(state, choice);\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    preorder_traversal_iii_template.cs
    /* \u5224\u65ad\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u89e3 */\nbool IsSolution(List<TreeNode> state) {\n    return state.Count != 0 && state[^1].val == 7;\n}\n\n/* \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3 */\nvoid RecordSolution(List<TreeNode> state, List<List<TreeNode>> res) {\n    res.Add(new List<TreeNode>(state));\n}\n\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\uff0c\u8be5\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5 */\nbool IsValid(List<TreeNode> state, TreeNode choice) {\n    return choice != null && choice.val != 3;\n}\n\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001 */\nvoid MakeChoice(List<TreeNode> state, TreeNode choice) {\n    state.Add(choice);\n}\n\n/* \u6062\u590d\u72b6\u6001 */\nvoid UndoChoice(List<TreeNode> state, TreeNode choice) {\n    state.RemoveAt(state.Count - 1);\n}\n\n/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e09 */\nvoid Backtrack(List<TreeNode> state, List<TreeNode> choices, List<List<TreeNode>> res) {\n    // \u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u89e3\n    if (IsSolution(state)) {\n        // \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n        RecordSolution(state, res);\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    foreach (TreeNode choice in choices) {\n        // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u68c0\u67e5\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5\n        if (IsValid(state, choice)) {\n            // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\n            MakeChoice(state, choice);\n            // \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\n            Backtrack(state, [choice.left!, choice.right!], res);\n            // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n            UndoChoice(state, choice);\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    preorder_traversal_iii_template.go
    /* \u5224\u65ad\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u89e3 */\nfunc isSolution(state *[]*TreeNode) bool {\n    return len(*state) != 0 && (*state)[len(*state)-1].Val == 7\n}\n\n/* \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3 */\nfunc recordSolution(state *[]*TreeNode, res *[][]*TreeNode) {\n    *res = append(*res, *state)\n}\n\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\uff0c\u8be5\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5 */\nfunc isValid(state *[]*TreeNode, choice *TreeNode) bool {\n    return choice != nil && choice.Val != 3\n}\n\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001 */\nfunc makeChoice(state *[]*TreeNode, choice *TreeNode) {\n    *state = append(*state, choice)\n}\n\n/* \u6062\u590d\u72b6\u6001 */\nfunc undoChoice(state *[]*TreeNode, choice *TreeNode) {\n    *state = (*state)[:len(*state)-1]\n}\n\n/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e09 */\nfunc backtrackIII(state *[]*TreeNode, choices *[]*TreeNode, res *[][]*TreeNode) {\n    // \u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u89e3\n    if isSolution(state) {\n        // \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n        recordSolution(state, res)\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    for _, choice := range *choices {\n        // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u68c0\u67e5\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5\n        if isValid(state, choice) {\n            // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\n            makeChoice(state, choice)\n            // \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\n            temp := make([]*TreeNode, 0)\n            temp = append(temp, choice.Left, choice.Right)\n            backtrackIII(state, &temp, res)\n            // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n            undoChoice(state, choice)\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    preorder_traversal_iii_template.swift
    /* \u5224\u65ad\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u89e3 */\nfunc isSolution(state: [TreeNode]) -> Bool {\n    !state.isEmpty && state.last!.val == 7\n}\n\n/* \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3 */\nfunc recordSolution(state: [TreeNode], res: inout [[TreeNode]]) {\n    res.append(state)\n}\n\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\uff0c\u8be5\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5 */\nfunc isValid(state: [TreeNode], choice: TreeNode?) -> Bool {\n    choice != nil && choice!.val != 3\n}\n\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001 */\nfunc makeChoice(state: inout [TreeNode], choice: TreeNode) {\n    state.append(choice)\n}\n\n/* \u6062\u590d\u72b6\u6001 */\nfunc undoChoice(state: inout [TreeNode], choice: TreeNode) {\n    state.removeLast()\n}\n\n/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e09 */\nfunc backtrack(state: inout [TreeNode], choices: [TreeNode], res: inout [[TreeNode]]) {\n    // \u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u89e3\n    if isSolution(state: state) {\n        recordSolution(state: state, res: &res)\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    for choice in choices {\n        // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u68c0\u67e5\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5\n        if isValid(state: state, choice: choice) {\n            // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\n            makeChoice(state: &state, choice: choice)\n            // \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\n            backtrack(state: &state, choices: [choice.left, choice.right].compactMap { $0 }, res: &res)\n            // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n            undoChoice(state: &state, choice: choice)\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    preorder_traversal_iii_template.js
    /* \u5224\u65ad\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u89e3 */\nfunction isSolution(state) {\n    return state && state[state.length - 1]?.val === 7;\n}\n\n/* \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3 */\nfunction recordSolution(state, res) {\n    res.push([...state]);\n}\n\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\uff0c\u8be5\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5 */\nfunction isValid(state, choice) {\n    return choice !== null && choice.val !== 3;\n}\n\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001 */\nfunction makeChoice(state, choice) {\n    state.push(choice);\n}\n\n/* \u6062\u590d\u72b6\u6001 */\nfunction undoChoice(state) {\n    state.pop();\n}\n\n/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e09 */\nfunction backtrack(state, choices, res) {\n    // \u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u89e3\n    if (isSolution(state)) {\n        // \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n        recordSolution(state, res);\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    for (const choice of choices) {\n        // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u68c0\u67e5\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5\n        if (isValid(state, choice)) {\n            // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\n            makeChoice(state, choice);\n            // \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\n            backtrack(state, [choice.left, choice.right], res);\n            // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n            undoChoice(state);\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    preorder_traversal_iii_template.ts
    /* \u5224\u65ad\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u89e3 */\nfunction isSolution(state: TreeNode[]): boolean {\n    return state && state[state.length - 1]?.val === 7;\n}\n\n/* \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3 */\nfunction recordSolution(state: TreeNode[], res: TreeNode[][]): void {\n    res.push([...state]);\n}\n\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\uff0c\u8be5\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5 */\nfunction isValid(state: TreeNode[], choice: TreeNode): boolean {\n    return choice !== null && choice.val !== 3;\n}\n\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001 */\nfunction makeChoice(state: TreeNode[], choice: TreeNode): void {\n    state.push(choice);\n}\n\n/* \u6062\u590d\u72b6\u6001 */\nfunction undoChoice(state: TreeNode[]): void {\n    state.pop();\n}\n\n/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e09 */\nfunction backtrack(\n    state: TreeNode[],\n    choices: TreeNode[],\n    res: TreeNode[][]\n): void {\n    // \u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u89e3\n    if (isSolution(state)) {\n        // \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n        recordSolution(state, res);\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    for (const choice of choices) {\n        // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u68c0\u67e5\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5\n        if (isValid(state, choice)) {\n            // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\n            makeChoice(state, choice);\n            // \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\n            backtrack(state, [choice.left, choice.right], res);\n            // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n            undoChoice(state);\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    preorder_traversal_iii_template.dart
    /* \u5224\u65ad\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u89e3 */\nbool isSolution(List<TreeNode> state) {\n  return state.isNotEmpty && state.last.val == 7;\n}\n\n/* \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3 */\nvoid recordSolution(List<TreeNode> state, List<List<TreeNode>> res) {\n  res.add(List.from(state));\n}\n\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\uff0c\u8be5\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5 */\nbool isValid(List<TreeNode> state, TreeNode? choice) {\n  return choice != null && choice.val != 3;\n}\n\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001 */\nvoid makeChoice(List<TreeNode> state, TreeNode? choice) {\n  state.add(choice!);\n}\n\n/* \u6062\u590d\u72b6\u6001 */\nvoid undoChoice(List<TreeNode> state, TreeNode? choice) {\n  state.removeLast();\n}\n\n/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e09 */\nvoid backtrack(\n  List<TreeNode> state,\n  List<TreeNode?> choices,\n  List<List<TreeNode>> res,\n) {\n  // \u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u89e3\n  if (isSolution(state)) {\n    // \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n    recordSolution(state, res);\n  }\n  // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n  for (TreeNode? choice in choices) {\n    // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u68c0\u67e5\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5\n    if (isValid(state, choice)) {\n      // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\n      makeChoice(state, choice);\n      // \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\n      backtrack(state, [choice!.left, choice.right], res);\n      // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n      undoChoice(state, choice);\n    }\n  }\n}\n
    preorder_traversal_iii_template.rs
    /* \u5224\u65ad\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u89e3 */\nfn is_solution(state: &mut Vec<Rc<RefCell<TreeNode>>>) -> bool {\n    return !state.is_empty() && state.get(state.len() - 1).unwrap().borrow().val == 7;\n}\n\n/* \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3 */\nfn record_solution(state: &mut Vec<Rc<RefCell<TreeNode>>>, res: &mut Vec<Vec<Rc<RefCell<TreeNode>>>>) {\n    res.push(state.clone());\n}\n\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\uff0c\u8be5\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5 */\nfn is_valid(_: &mut Vec<Rc<RefCell<TreeNode>>>, choice: Rc<RefCell<TreeNode>>) -> bool {\n    return choice.borrow().val != 3;\n}\n\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001 */\nfn make_choice(state: &mut Vec<Rc<RefCell<TreeNode>>>, choice: Rc<RefCell<TreeNode>>) {\n    state.push(choice);\n}\n\n/* \u6062\u590d\u72b6\u6001 */\nfn undo_choice(state: &mut Vec<Rc<RefCell<TreeNode>>>, _: Rc<RefCell<TreeNode>>) {\n    state.remove(state.len() - 1);\n}\n\n/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e09 */\nfn backtrack(state: &mut Vec<Rc<RefCell<TreeNode>>>, choices: &mut Vec<Rc<RefCell<TreeNode>>>, res: &mut Vec<Vec<Rc<RefCell<TreeNode>>>>) {\n    // \u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u89e3\n    if is_solution(state) {\n        // \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n        record_solution(state, res);\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    for choice in choices {\n        // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u68c0\u67e5\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5\n        if is_valid(state, choice.clone()) {\n            // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\n            make_choice(state, choice.clone());\n            // \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\n            backtrack(state, &mut vec![choice.borrow().left.clone().unwrap(), choice.borrow().right.clone().unwrap()], res);\n            // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n            undo_choice(state, choice.clone());\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    preorder_traversal_iii_template.c
    /* \u5224\u65ad\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u89e3 */\nbool isSolution(void) {\n    return pathSize > 0 && path[pathSize - 1]->val == 7;\n}\n\n/* \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3 */\nvoid recordSolution(void) {\n    for (int i = 0; i < pathSize; i++) {\n        res[resSize][i] = path[i];\n    }\n    resSize++;\n}\n\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\uff0c\u8be5\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5 */\nbool isValid(TreeNode *choice) {\n    return choice != NULL && choice->val != 3;\n}\n\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001 */\nvoid makeChoice(TreeNode *choice) {\n    path[pathSize++] = choice;\n}\n\n/* \u6062\u590d\u72b6\u6001 */\nvoid undoChoice(void) {\n    pathSize--;\n}\n\n/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e09 */\nvoid backtrack(TreeNode *choices[2]) {\n    // \u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u89e3\n    if (isSolution()) {\n        // \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n        recordSolution();\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {\n        TreeNode *choice = choices[i];\n        // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u68c0\u67e5\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5\n        if (isValid(choice)) {\n            // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\n            makeChoice(choice);\n            // \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\n            TreeNode *nextChoices[2] = {choice->left, choice->right};\n            backtrack(nextChoices);\n            // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n            undoChoice();\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    preorder_traversal_iii_template.zig
    [class]{}-[func]{isSolution}\n\n[class]{}-[func]{recordSolution}\n\n[class]{}-[func]{isValid}\n\n[class]{}-[func]{makeChoice}\n\n[class]{}-[func]{undoChoice}\n\n[class]{}-[func]{backtrack}\n

    \u6839\u636e\u9898\u610f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u627e\u5230\u503c\u4e3a \\(7\\) \u7684\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u5e94\u8be5\u7ee7\u7eed\u641c\u7d22\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\u4e4b\u540e\u7684 return \u8bed\u53e5\u5220\u9664\u3002\u56fe 13-4 \u5bf9\u6bd4\u4e86\u4fdd\u7559\u6216\u5220\u9664 return \u8bed\u53e5\u7684\u641c\u7d22\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002

    \u56fe 13-4 \u00a0 \u4fdd\u7559\u4e0e\u5220\u9664 return \u7684\u641c\u7d22\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5bf9\u6bd4

    \u76f8\u6bd4\u57fa\u4e8e\u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\u6846\u67b6\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0\u867d\u7136\u663e\u5f97\u5570\u5506\uff0c\u4f46\u901a\u7528\u6027\u66f4\u597d\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u56de\u6eaf\u95ee\u9898\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u8be5\u6846\u67b6\u4e0b\u89e3\u51b3\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u9700\u6839\u636e\u5177\u4f53\u95ee\u9898\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49 state \u548c choices \uff0c\u5e76\u5b9e\u73b0\u6846\u67b6\u4e2d\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u5373\u53ef\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_backtracking/backtracking_algorithm/#1314","title":"13.1.4 \u00a0 \u5e38\u7528\u672f\u8bed","text":"

    \u4e3a\u4e86\u66f4\u6e05\u6670\u5730\u5206\u6790\u7b97\u6cd5\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u603b\u7ed3\u4e00\u4e0b\u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e2d\u5e38\u7528\u672f\u8bed\u7684\u542b\u4e49\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u7167\u4f8b\u9898\u4e09\u7ed9\u51fa\u5bf9\u5e94\u793a\u4f8b\uff0c\u5982\u8868 13-1 \u6240\u793a\u3002

    \u8868 13-1 \u00a0 \u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\u672f\u8bed

    \u540d\u8bcd \u5b9a\u4e49 \u4f8b\u9898\u4e09 \u89e3\uff08solution\uff09 \u89e3\u662f\u6ee1\u8db3\u95ee\u9898\u7279\u5b9a\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u7b54\u6848\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a \u6839\u8282\u70b9\u5230\u8282\u70b9 \\(7\\) \u7684\u6ee1\u8db3\u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8def\u5f84 \u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6\uff08constraint\uff09 \u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6\u662f\u95ee\u9898\u4e2d\u9650\u5236\u89e3\u7684\u53ef\u884c\u6027\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u526a\u679d \u8def\u5f84\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u8282\u70b9 \\(3\\) \u72b6\u6001\uff08state\uff09 \u72b6\u6001\u8868\u793a\u95ee\u9898\u5728\u67d0\u4e00\u65f6\u523b\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5df2\u7ecf\u505a\u51fa\u7684\u9009\u62e9 \u5f53\u524d\u5df2\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u5373 path \u8282\u70b9\u5217\u8868 \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff08attempt\uff09 \u5c1d\u8bd5\u662f\u6839\u636e\u53ef\u7528\u9009\u62e9\u6765\u63a2\u7d22\u89e3\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u89e3 \u9012\u5f52\u8bbf\u95ee\u5de6\uff08\u53f3\uff09\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5c06\u8282\u70b9\u6dfb\u52a0\u8fdb path \uff0c\u5224\u65ad\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u503c\u662f\u5426\u4e3a \\(7\\) \u56de\u9000\uff08backtracking\uff09 \u56de\u9000\u6307\u9047\u5230\u4e0d\u6ee1\u8db3\u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u65f6\uff0c\u64a4\u9500\u524d\u9762\u505a\u51fa\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u56de\u5230\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001 \u5f53\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u3001\u7ed3\u675f\u8282\u70b9\u8bbf\u95ee\u3001\u9047\u5230\u503c\u4e3a \\(3\\) \u7684\u8282\u70b9\u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\u641c\u7d22\uff0c\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de \u526a\u679d\uff08pruning\uff09 \u526a\u679d\u662f\u6839\u636e\u95ee\u9898\u7279\u6027\u548c\u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6\u907f\u514d\u65e0\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u641c\u7d22\u8def\u5f84\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u63d0\u9ad8\u641c\u7d22\u6548\u7387 \u5f53\u9047\u5230\u503c\u4e3a \\(3\\) \u7684\u8282\u70b9\u65f6\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u518d\u7ee7\u7eed\u641c\u7d22

    Tip

    \u95ee\u9898\u3001\u89e3\u3001\u72b6\u6001\u7b49\u6982\u5ff5\u662f\u901a\u7528\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u5206\u6cbb\u3001\u56de\u6eaf\u3001\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u3001\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b49\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e2d\u90fd\u6709\u6d89\u53ca\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_backtracking/backtracking_algorithm/#1315","title":"13.1.5 \u00a0 \u4f18\u70b9\u4e0e\u5c40\u9650\u6027","text":"

    \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u641c\u7d22\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b83\u5c1d\u8bd5\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u76f4\u5230\u627e\u5230\u6ee1\u8db3\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u89e3\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\u5728\u4e8e\u80fd\u591f\u627e\u5230\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5728\u5408\u7406\u7684\u526a\u679d\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e0b\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u5f88\u9ad8\u7684\u6548\u7387\u3002

    \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u5904\u7406\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u6216\u8005\u590d\u6742\u95ee\u9898\u65f6\uff0c\u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u6548\u7387\u53ef\u80fd\u96be\u4ee5\u63a5\u53d7\u3002

    • \u65f6\u95f4\uff1a\u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u904d\u5386\u72b6\u6001\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fbe\u5230\u6307\u6570\u9636\u6216\u9636\u4e58\u9636\u3002
    • \u7a7a\u95f4\uff1a\u5728\u9012\u5f52\u8c03\u7528\u4e2d\u9700\u8981\u4fdd\u5b58\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u8def\u5f84\u3001\u7528\u4e8e\u526a\u679d\u7684\u8f85\u52a9\u53d8\u91cf\u7b49\uff09\uff0c\u5f53\u6df1\u5ea6\u5f88\u5927\u65f6\uff0c\u7a7a\u95f4\u9700\u6c42\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u53d8\u5f97\u5f88\u5927\u3002

    \u5373\u4fbf\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u67d0\u4e9b\u641c\u7d22\u95ee\u9898\u548c\u7ea6\u675f\u6ee1\u8db3\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u65e0\u6cd5\u9884\u6d4b\u54ea\u4e9b\u9009\u62e9\u53ef\u751f\u6210\u6709\u6548\u7684\u89e3\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u8fdb\u884c\u904d\u5386\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5173\u952e\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u4f18\u5316\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u6548\u7387\u4f18\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u3002

    • \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u907f\u514d\u641c\u7d22\u90a3\u4e9b\u80af\u5b9a\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u89e3\u7684\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u8282\u7701\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002
    • \u542f\u53d1\u5f0f\u641c\u7d22\uff1a\u5728\u641c\u7d22\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5f15\u5165\u4e00\u4e9b\u7b56\u7565\u6216\u8005\u4f30\u8ba1\u503c\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f18\u5148\u641c\u7d22\u6700\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u6709\u6548\u89e3\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_backtracking/backtracking_algorithm/#1316","title":"13.1.6 \u00a0 \u56de\u6eaf\u5178\u578b\u4f8b\u9898","text":"

    \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u89e3\u51b3\u8bb8\u591a\u641c\u7d22\u95ee\u9898\u3001\u7ea6\u675f\u6ee1\u8db3\u95ee\u9898\u548c\u7ec4\u5408\u4f18\u5316\u95ee\u9898\u3002

    \u641c\u7d22\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u8fd9\u7c7b\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u627e\u5230\u6ee1\u8db3\u7279\u5b9a\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u3002

    • \u5168\u6392\u5217\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u96c6\u5408\uff0c\u6c42\u51fa\u5176\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u6392\u5217\u7ec4\u5408\u3002
    • \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u96c6\u5408\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u548c\uff0c\u627e\u5230\u96c6\u5408\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u548c\u4e3a\u76ee\u6807\u548c\u7684\u5b50\u96c6\u3002
    • \u6c49\u8bfa\u5854\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e09\u6839\u67f1\u5b50\u548c\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u5927\u5c0f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5706\u76d8\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u5706\u76d8\u4ece\u4e00\u6839\u67f1\u5b50\u79fb\u52a8\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u6839\u67f1\u5b50\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u53ea\u80fd\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\uff0c\u4e14\u4e0d\u80fd\u5c06\u5927\u5706\u76d8\u653e\u5728\u5c0f\u5706\u76d8\u4e0a\u3002

    \u7ea6\u675f\u6ee1\u8db3\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u8fd9\u7c7b\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u627e\u5230\u6ee1\u8db3\u6240\u6709\u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u89e3\u3002

    • \\(n\\) \u7687\u540e\uff1a\u5728 \\(n \\times n\\) \u7684\u68cb\u76d8\u4e0a\u653e\u7f6e \\(n\\) \u4e2a\u7687\u540e\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5b83\u4eec\u4e92\u4e0d\u653b\u51fb\u3002
    • \u6570\u72ec\uff1a\u5728 \\(9 \\times 9\\) \u7684\u7f51\u683c\u4e2d\u586b\u5165\u6570\u5b57 \\(1\\) ~ \\(9\\) \uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u6bcf\u884c\u3001\u6bcf\u5217\u548c\u6bcf\u4e2a \\(3 \\times 3\\) \u5b50\u7f51\u683c\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u4e0d\u91cd\u590d\u3002
    • \u56fe\u7740\u8272\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\uff0c\u7528\u6700\u5c11\u7684\u989c\u8272\u7ed9\u56fe\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u9876\u70b9\u7740\u8272\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u76f8\u90bb\u9876\u70b9\u989c\u8272\u4e0d\u540c\u3002

    \u7ec4\u5408\u4f18\u5316\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u8fd9\u7c7b\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec4\u5408\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u6ee1\u8db3\u67d0\u4e9b\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u3002

    • 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u7ec4\u7269\u54c1\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u80cc\u5305\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7269\u54c1\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u548c\u91cd\u91cf\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u5728\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\u9650\u5236\u5185\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u7269\u54c1\u4f7f\u5f97\u603b\u4ef7\u503c\u6700\u5927\u3002
    • \u65c5\u884c\u5546\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fe\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u70b9\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u8bbf\u95ee\u6240\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u70b9\u6070\u597d\u4e00\u6b21\u540e\u8fd4\u56de\u8d77\u70b9\uff0c\u6c42\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u3002
    • \u6700\u5927\u56e2\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\uff0c\u627e\u5230\u6700\u5927\u7684\u5b8c\u5168\u5b50\u56fe\uff0c\u5373\u5b50\u56fe\u4e2d\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u4e24\u4e2a\u9876\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u90fd\u6709\u8fb9\u76f8\u8fde\u3002

    \u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8bb8\u591a\u7ec4\u5408\u4f18\u5316\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u56de\u6eaf\u4e0d\u662f\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u3002

    • 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898\u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u89e3\u51b3\uff0c\u4ee5\u8fbe\u5230\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6548\u7387\u3002
    • \u65c5\u884c\u5546\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8457\u540d\u7684 NP-Hard \u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5e38\u7528\u89e3\u6cd5\u6709\u9057\u4f20\u7b97\u6cd5\u548c\u8681\u7fa4\u7b97\u6cd5\u7b49\u3002
    • \u6700\u5927\u56e2\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u56fe\u8bba\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ecf\u5178\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u53ef\u7528\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u7b49\u542f\u53d1\u5f0f\u7b97\u6cd5\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_backtracking/n_queens_problem/","title":"13.4 \u00a0 N \u7687\u540e\u95ee\u9898","text":"

    Question

    \u6839\u636e\u56fd\u9645\u8c61\u68cb\u7684\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u7687\u540e\u53ef\u4ee5\u653b\u51fb\u4e0e\u540c\u5904\u4e00\u884c\u3001\u4e00\u5217\u6216\u4e00\u6761\u659c\u7ebf\u4e0a\u7684\u68cb\u5b50\u3002\u7ed9\u5b9a \\(n\\) \u4e2a\u7687\u540e\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a \\(n \\times n\\) \u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u68cb\u76d8\uff0c\u5bfb\u627e\u4f7f\u5f97\u6240\u6709\u7687\u540e\u4e4b\u95f4\u65e0\u6cd5\u76f8\u4e92\u653b\u51fb\u7684\u6446\u653e\u65b9\u6848\u3002

    \u5982\u56fe 13-15 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5f53 \\(n = 4\\) \u65f6\uff0c\u5171\u53ef\u4ee5\u627e\u5230\u4e24\u4e2a\u89e3\u3002\u4ece\u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\\(n \\times n\\) \u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u68cb\u76d8\u5171\u6709 \\(n^2\\) \u4e2a\u683c\u5b50\uff0c\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u7684\u9009\u62e9 choices \u3002\u5728\u9010\u4e2a\u653e\u7f6e\u7687\u540e\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u68cb\u76d8\u72b6\u6001\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u65f6\u523b\u7684\u68cb\u76d8\u5c31\u662f\u72b6\u6001 state \u3002

    \u56fe 13-15 \u00a0 4 \u7687\u540e\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3

    \u56fe 13-16 \u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u672c\u9898\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6\uff1a\u591a\u4e2a\u7687\u540e\u4e0d\u80fd\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u884c\u3001\u540c\u4e00\u5217\u3001\u540c\u4e00\u6761\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u4e0a\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u5206\u4e3a\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf \\ \u548c\u6b21\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf / \u4e24\u79cd\u3002

    \u56fe 13-16 \u00a0 n \u7687\u540e\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6

    "},{"location":"chapter_backtracking/n_queens_problem/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u9010\u884c\u653e\u7f6e\u7b56\u7565","text":"

    \u7687\u540e\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u548c\u68cb\u76d8\u7684\u884c\u6570\u90fd\u4e3a \\(n\\) \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u5bb9\u6613\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u63a8\u8bba\uff1a\u68cb\u76d8\u6bcf\u884c\u90fd\u5141\u8bb8\u4e14\u53ea\u5141\u8bb8\u653e\u7f6e\u4e00\u4e2a\u7687\u540e\u3002

    \u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u91c7\u53d6\u9010\u884c\u653e\u7f6e\u7b56\u7565\uff1a\u4ece\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5728\u6bcf\u884c\u653e\u7f6e\u4e00\u4e2a\u7687\u540e\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u884c\u7ed3\u675f\u3002

    \u56fe 13-17 \u6240\u793a\u4e3a \\(4\\) \u7687\u540e\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u9010\u884c\u653e\u7f6e\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u53d7\u753b\u5e45\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u56fe 13-17 \u4ec5\u5c55\u5f00\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u7684\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u641c\u7d22\u5206\u652f\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5c06\u4e0d\u6ee1\u8db3\u5217\u7ea6\u675f\u548c\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u7ea6\u675f\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u90fd\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u526a\u679d\u3002

    \u56fe 13-17 \u00a0 \u9010\u884c\u653e\u7f6e\u7b56\u7565

    \u4ece\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c\u9010\u884c\u653e\u7f6e\u7b56\u7565\u8d77\u5230\u4e86\u526a\u679d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5b83\u907f\u514d\u4e86\u540c\u4e00\u884c\u51fa\u73b0\u591a\u4e2a\u7687\u540e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u641c\u7d22\u5206\u652f\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_backtracking/n_queens_problem/#2","title":"2. \u00a0 \u5217\u4e0e\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u526a\u679d","text":"

    \u4e3a\u4e86\u6ee1\u8db3\u5217\u7ea6\u675f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(n\\) \u7684\u5e03\u5c14\u578b\u6570\u7ec4 cols \u8bb0\u5f55\u6bcf\u4e00\u5217\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7687\u540e\u3002\u5728\u6bcf\u6b21\u51b3\u5b9a\u653e\u7f6e\u524d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7 cols \u5c06\u5df2\u6709\u7687\u540e\u7684\u5217\u8fdb\u884c\u526a\u679d\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u56de\u6eaf\u4e2d\u52a8\u6001\u66f4\u65b0 cols \u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002

    \u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u7ea6\u675f\u5462\uff1f\u8bbe\u68cb\u76d8\u4e2d\u67d0\u4e2a\u683c\u5b50\u7684\u884c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a \\((row, col)\\) \uff0c\u9009\u5b9a\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u7684\u67d0\u6761\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u8be5\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u4e0a\u6240\u6709\u683c\u5b50\u7684\u884c\u7d22\u5f15\u51cf\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u90fd\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u5373\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u4e0a\u6240\u6709\u683c\u5b50\u7684 \\(row - col\\) \u4e3a\u6052\u5b9a\u503c\u3002

    \u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e24\u4e2a\u683c\u5b50\u6ee1\u8db3 \\(row_1 - col_1 = row_2 - col_2\\) \uff0c\u5219\u5b83\u4eec\u4e00\u5b9a\u5904\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u6761\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u4e0a\u3002\u5229\u7528\u8be5\u89c4\u5f8b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u501f\u52a9\u56fe 13-18 \u6240\u793a\u7684\u6570\u7ec4 diags1 \u8bb0\u5f55\u6bcf\u6761\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u4e0a\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7687\u540e\u3002

    \u540c\u7406\uff0c\u6b21\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u4e0a\u7684\u6240\u6709\u683c\u5b50\u7684 \\(row + col\\) \u662f\u6052\u5b9a\u503c\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u540c\u6837\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u501f\u52a9\u6570\u7ec4 diags2 \u6765\u5904\u7406\u6b21\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u7ea6\u675f\u3002

    \u56fe 13-18 \u00a0 \u5904\u7406\u5217\u7ea6\u675f\u548c\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u7ea6\u675f

    "},{"location":"chapter_backtracking/n_queens_problem/#3","title":"3. \u00a0 \u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0","text":"

    \u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\\(n\\) \u7ef4\u65b9\u9635\u4e2d \\(row - col\\) \u7684\u8303\u56f4\u662f \\([-n + 1, n - 1]\\) \uff0c\\(row + col\\) \u7684\u8303\u56f4\u662f \\([0, 2n - 2]\\) \uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u548c\u6b21\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u90fd\u4e3a \\(2n - 1\\) \uff0c\u5373\u6570\u7ec4 diags1 \u548c diags2 \u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u90fd\u4e3a \\(2n - 1\\) \u3002

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig n_queens.py
    def backtrack(\n    row: int,\n    n: int,\n    state: list[list[str]],\n    res: list[list[list[str]]],\n    cols: list[bool],\n    diags1: list[bool],\n    diags2: list[bool],\n):\n    \"\"\"\u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1aN \u7687\u540e\"\"\"\n    # \u5f53\u653e\u7f6e\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n    if row == n:\n        res.append([list(row) for row in state])\n        return\n    # \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u5217\n    for col in range(n):\n        # \u8ba1\u7b97\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u548c\u6b21\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\n        diag1 = row - col + n - 1\n        diag2 = row + col\n        # \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\u6240\u5728\u5217\u3001\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u3001\u6b21\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u4e0a\u5b58\u5728\u7687\u540e\n        if not cols[col] and not diags1[diag1] and not diags2[diag2]:\n            # \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u5c06\u7687\u540e\u653e\u7f6e\u5728\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\n            state[row][col] = \"Q\"\n            cols[col] = diags1[diag1] = diags2[diag2] = True\n            # \u653e\u7f6e\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c\n            backtrack(row + 1, n, state, res, cols, diags1, diags2)\n            # \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u5c06\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\u6062\u590d\u4e3a\u7a7a\u4f4d\n            state[row][col] = \"#\"\n            cols[col] = diags1[diag1] = diags2[diag2] = False\n\ndef n_queens(n: int) -> list[list[list[str]]]:\n    \"\"\"\u6c42\u89e3 N \u7687\u540e\"\"\"\n    # \u521d\u59cb\u5316 n*n \u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u68cb\u76d8\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d 'Q' \u4ee3\u8868\u7687\u540e\uff0c'#' \u4ee3\u8868\u7a7a\u4f4d\n    state = [[\"#\" for _ in range(n)] for _ in range(n)]\n    cols = [False] * n  # \u8bb0\u5f55\u5217\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7687\u540e\n    diags1 = [False] * (2 * n - 1)  # \u8bb0\u5f55\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u4e0a\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7687\u540e\n    diags2 = [False] * (2 * n - 1)  # \u8bb0\u5f55\u6b21\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u4e0a\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7687\u540e\n    res = []\n    backtrack(0, n, state, res, cols, diags1, diags2)\n\n    return res\n
    n_queens.cpp
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1aN \u7687\u540e */\nvoid backtrack(int row, int n, vector<vector<string>> &state, vector<vector<vector<string>>> &res, vector<bool> &cols,\n               vector<bool> &diags1, vector<bool> &diags2) {\n    // \u5f53\u653e\u7f6e\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n    if (row == n) {\n        res.push_back(state);\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u5217\n    for (int col = 0; col < n; col++) {\n        // \u8ba1\u7b97\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u548c\u6b21\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\n        int diag1 = row - col + n - 1;\n        int diag2 = row + col;\n        // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\u6240\u5728\u5217\u3001\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u3001\u6b21\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u4e0a\u5b58\u5728\u7687\u540e\n        if (!cols[col] && !diags1[diag1] && !diags2[diag2]) {\n            // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u5c06\u7687\u540e\u653e\u7f6e\u5728\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\n            state[row][col] = \"Q\";\n            cols[col] = diags1[diag1] = diags2[diag2] = true;\n            // \u653e\u7f6e\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c\n            backtrack(row + 1, n, state, res, cols, diags1, diags2);\n            // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u5c06\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\u6062\u590d\u4e3a\u7a7a\u4f4d\n            state[row][col] = \"#\";\n            cols[col] = diags1[diag1] = diags2[diag2] = false;\n        }\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u6c42\u89e3 N \u7687\u540e */\nvector<vector<vector<string>>> nQueens(int n) {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 n*n \u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u68cb\u76d8\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d 'Q' \u4ee3\u8868\u7687\u540e\uff0c'#' \u4ee3\u8868\u7a7a\u4f4d\n    vector<vector<string>> state(n, vector<string>(n, \"#\"));\n    vector<bool> cols(n, false);           // \u8bb0\u5f55\u5217\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7687\u540e\n    vector<bool> diags1(2 * n - 1, false); // \u8bb0\u5f55\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u4e0a\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7687\u540e\n    vector<bool> diags2(2 * n - 1, false); // \u8bb0\u5f55\u6b21\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u4e0a\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7687\u540e\n    vector<vector<vector<string>>> res;\n\n    backtrack(0, n, state, res, cols, diags1, diags2);\n\n    return res;\n}\n
    n_queens.java
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1aN \u7687\u540e */\nvoid backtrack(int row, int n, List<List<String>> state, List<List<List<String>>> res,\n        boolean[] cols, boolean[] diags1, boolean[] diags2) {\n    // \u5f53\u653e\u7f6e\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n    if (row == n) {\n        List<List<String>> copyState = new ArrayList<>();\n        for (List<String> sRow : state) {\n            copyState.add(new ArrayList<>(sRow));\n        }\n        res.add(copyState);\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u5217\n    for (int col = 0; col < n; col++) {\n        // \u8ba1\u7b97\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u548c\u6b21\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\n        int diag1 = row - col + n - 1;\n        int diag2 = row + col;\n        // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\u6240\u5728\u5217\u3001\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u3001\u6b21\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u4e0a\u5b58\u5728\u7687\u540e\n        if (!cols[col] && !diags1[diag1] && !diags2[diag2]) {\n            // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u5c06\u7687\u540e\u653e\u7f6e\u5728\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\n            state.get(row).set(col, \"Q\");\n            cols[col] = diags1[diag1] = diags2[diag2] = true;\n            // \u653e\u7f6e\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c\n            backtrack(row + 1, n, state, res, cols, diags1, diags2);\n            // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u5c06\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\u6062\u590d\u4e3a\u7a7a\u4f4d\n            state.get(row).set(col, \"#\");\n            cols[col] = diags1[diag1] = diags2[diag2] = false;\n        }\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u6c42\u89e3 N \u7687\u540e */\nList<List<List<String>>> nQueens(int n) {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 n*n \u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u68cb\u76d8\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d 'Q' \u4ee3\u8868\u7687\u540e\uff0c'#' \u4ee3\u8868\u7a7a\u4f4d\n    List<List<String>> state = new ArrayList<>();\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        List<String> row = new ArrayList<>();\n        for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {\n            row.add(\"#\");\n        }\n        state.add(row);\n    }\n    boolean[] cols = new boolean[n]; // \u8bb0\u5f55\u5217\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7687\u540e\n    boolean[] diags1 = new boolean[2 * n - 1]; // \u8bb0\u5f55\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u4e0a\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7687\u540e\n    boolean[] diags2 = new boolean[2 * n - 1]; // \u8bb0\u5f55\u6b21\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u4e0a\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7687\u540e\n    List<List<List<String>>> res = new ArrayList<>();\n\n    backtrack(0, n, state, res, cols, diags1, diags2);\n\n    return res;\n}\n
    n_queens.cs
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1aN \u7687\u540e */\nvoid Backtrack(int row, int n, List<List<string>> state, List<List<List<string>>> res,\n        bool[] cols, bool[] diags1, bool[] diags2) {\n    // \u5f53\u653e\u7f6e\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n    if (row == n) {\n        List<List<string>> copyState = [];\n        foreach (List<string> sRow in state) {\n            copyState.Add(new List<string>(sRow));\n        }\n        res.Add(copyState);\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u5217\n    for (int col = 0; col < n; col++) {\n        // \u8ba1\u7b97\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u548c\u6b21\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\n        int diag1 = row - col + n - 1;\n        int diag2 = row + col;\n        // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\u6240\u5728\u5217\u3001\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u3001\u6b21\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u4e0a\u5b58\u5728\u7687\u540e\n        if (!cols[col] && !diags1[diag1] && !diags2[diag2]) {\n            // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u5c06\u7687\u540e\u653e\u7f6e\u5728\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\n            state[row][col] = \"Q\";\n            cols[col] = diags1[diag1] = diags2[diag2] = true;\n            // \u653e\u7f6e\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c\n            Backtrack(row + 1, n, state, res, cols, diags1, diags2);\n            // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u5c06\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\u6062\u590d\u4e3a\u7a7a\u4f4d\n            state[row][col] = \"#\";\n            cols[col] = diags1[diag1] = diags2[diag2] = false;\n        }\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u6c42\u89e3 N \u7687\u540e */\nList<List<List<string>>> NQueens(int n) {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 n*n \u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u68cb\u76d8\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d 'Q' \u4ee3\u8868\u7687\u540e\uff0c'#' \u4ee3\u8868\u7a7a\u4f4d\n    List<List<string>> state = [];\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        List<string> row = [];\n        for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {\n            row.Add(\"#\");\n        }\n        state.Add(row);\n    }\n    bool[] cols = new bool[n]; // \u8bb0\u5f55\u5217\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7687\u540e\n    bool[] diags1 = new bool[2 * n - 1]; // \u8bb0\u5f55\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u4e0a\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7687\u540e\n    bool[] diags2 = new bool[2 * n - 1]; // \u8bb0\u5f55\u6b21\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u4e0a\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7687\u540e\n    List<List<List<string>>> res = [];\n\n    Backtrack(0, n, state, res, cols, diags1, diags2);\n\n    return res;\n}\n
    n_queens.go
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1aN \u7687\u540e */\nfunc backtrack(row, n int, state *[][]string, res *[][][]string, cols, diags1, diags2 *[]bool) {\n    // \u5f53\u653e\u7f6e\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n    if row == n {\n        newState := make([][]string, len(*state))\n        for i, _ := range newState {\n            newState[i] = make([]string, len((*state)[0]))\n            copy(newState[i], (*state)[i])\n\n        }\n        *res = append(*res, newState)\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u5217\n    for col := 0; col < n; col++ {\n        // \u8ba1\u7b97\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u548c\u6b21\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\n        diag1 := row - col + n - 1\n        diag2 := row + col\n        // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\u6240\u5728\u5217\u3001\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u3001\u6b21\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u4e0a\u5b58\u5728\u7687\u540e\n        if !(*cols)[col] && !(*diags1)[diag1] && !(*diags2)[diag2] {\n            // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u5c06\u7687\u540e\u653e\u7f6e\u5728\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\n            (*state)[row][col] = \"Q\"\n            (*cols)[col], (*diags1)[diag1], (*diags2)[diag2] = true, true, true\n            // \u653e\u7f6e\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c\n            backtrack(row+1, n, state, res, cols, diags1, diags2)\n            // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u5c06\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\u6062\u590d\u4e3a\u7a7a\u4f4d\n            (*state)[row][col] = \"#\"\n            (*cols)[col], (*diags1)[diag1], (*diags2)[diag2] = false, false, false\n        }\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1aN \u7687\u540e */\nfunc backtrack(row, n int, state *[][]string, res *[][][]string, cols, diags1, diags2 *[]bool) {\n    // \u5f53\u653e\u7f6e\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n    if row == n {\n        newState := make([][]string, len(*state))\n        for i, _ := range newState {\n            newState[i] = make([]string, len((*state)[0]))\n            copy(newState[i], (*state)[i])\n\n        }\n        *res = append(*res, newState)\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u5217\n    for col := 0; col < n; col++ {\n        // \u8ba1\u7b97\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u548c\u6b21\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\n        diag1 := row - col + n - 1\n        diag2 := row + col\n        // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\u6240\u5728\u5217\u3001\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u3001\u6b21\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u4e0a\u5b58\u5728\u7687\u540e\n        if !(*cols)[col] && !(*diags1)[diag1] && !(*diags2)[diag2] {\n            // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u5c06\u7687\u540e\u653e\u7f6e\u5728\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\n            (*state)[row][col] = \"Q\"\n            (*cols)[col], (*diags1)[diag1], (*diags2)[diag2] = true, true, true\n            // \u653e\u7f6e\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c\n            backtrack(row+1, n, state, res, cols, diags1, diags2)\n            // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u5c06\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\u6062\u590d\u4e3a\u7a7a\u4f4d\n            (*state)[row][col] = \"#\"\n            (*cols)[col], (*diags1)[diag1], (*diags2)[diag2] = false, false, false\n        }\n    }\n}\n\nfunc nQueens(n int) [][][]string {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 n*n \u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u68cb\u76d8\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d 'Q' \u4ee3\u8868\u7687\u540e\uff0c'#' \u4ee3\u8868\u7a7a\u4f4d\n    state := make([][]string, n)\n    for i := 0; i < n; i++ {\n        row := make([]string, n)\n        for i := 0; i < n; i++ {\n            row[i] = \"#\"\n        }\n        state[i] = row\n    }\n    // \u8bb0\u5f55\u5217\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7687\u540e\n    cols := make([]bool, n)\n    diags1 := make([]bool, 2*n-1)\n    diags2 := make([]bool, 2*n-1)\n    res := make([][][]string, 0)\n    backtrack(0, n, &state, &res, &cols, &diags1, &diags2)\n    return res\n}\n
    n_queens.swift
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1aN \u7687\u540e */\nfunc backtrack(row: Int, n: Int, state: inout [[String]], res: inout [[[String]]], cols: inout [Bool], diags1: inout [Bool], diags2: inout [Bool]) {\n    // \u5f53\u653e\u7f6e\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n    if row == n {\n        res.append(state)\n        return\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u5217\n    for col in 0 ..< n {\n        // \u8ba1\u7b97\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u548c\u6b21\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\n        let diag1 = row - col + n - 1\n        let diag2 = row + col\n        // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\u6240\u5728\u5217\u3001\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u3001\u6b21\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u4e0a\u5b58\u5728\u7687\u540e\n        if !cols[col] && !diags1[diag1] && !diags2[diag2] {\n            // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u5c06\u7687\u540e\u653e\u7f6e\u5728\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\n            state[row][col] = \"Q\"\n            cols[col] = true\n            diags1[diag1] = true\n            diags2[diag2] = true\n            // \u653e\u7f6e\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c\n            backtrack(row: row + 1, n: n, state: &state, res: &res, cols: &cols, diags1: &diags1, diags2: &diags2)\n            // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u5c06\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\u6062\u590d\u4e3a\u7a7a\u4f4d\n            state[row][col] = \"#\"\n            cols[col] = false\n            diags1[diag1] = false\n            diags2[diag2] = false\n        }\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u6c42\u89e3 N \u7687\u540e */\nfunc nQueens(n: Int) -> [[[String]]] {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 n*n \u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u68cb\u76d8\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d 'Q' \u4ee3\u8868\u7687\u540e\uff0c'#' \u4ee3\u8868\u7a7a\u4f4d\n    var state = Array(repeating: Array(repeating: \"#\", count: n), count: n)\n    var cols = Array(repeating: false, count: n) // \u8bb0\u5f55\u5217\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7687\u540e\n    var diags1 = Array(repeating: false, count: 2 * n - 1) // \u8bb0\u5f55\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u4e0a\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7687\u540e\n    var diags2 = Array(repeating: false, count: 2 * n - 1) // \u8bb0\u5f55\u6b21\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u4e0a\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7687\u540e\n    var res: [[[String]]] = []\n\n    backtrack(row: 0, n: n, state: &state, res: &res, cols: &cols, diags1: &diags1, diags2: &diags2)\n\n    return res\n}\n
    n_queens.js
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1aN \u7687\u540e */\nfunction backtrack(row, n, state, res, cols, diags1, diags2) {\n    // \u5f53\u653e\u7f6e\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n    if (row === n) {\n        res.push(state.map((row) => row.slice()));\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u5217\n    for (let col = 0; col < n; col++) {\n        // \u8ba1\u7b97\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u548c\u6b21\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\n        const diag1 = row - col + n - 1;\n        const diag2 = row + col;\n        // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\u6240\u5728\u5217\u3001\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u3001\u6b21\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u4e0a\u5b58\u5728\u7687\u540e\n        if (!cols[col] && !diags1[diag1] && !diags2[diag2]) {\n            // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u5c06\u7687\u540e\u653e\u7f6e\u5728\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\n            state[row][col] = 'Q';\n            cols[col] = diags1[diag1] = diags2[diag2] = true;\n            // \u653e\u7f6e\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c\n            backtrack(row + 1, n, state, res, cols, diags1, diags2);\n            // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u5c06\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\u6062\u590d\u4e3a\u7a7a\u4f4d\n            state[row][col] = '#';\n            cols[col] = diags1[diag1] = diags2[diag2] = false;\n        }\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u6c42\u89e3 N \u7687\u540e */\nfunction nQueens(n) {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 n*n \u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u68cb\u76d8\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d 'Q' \u4ee3\u8868\u7687\u540e\uff0c'#' \u4ee3\u8868\u7a7a\u4f4d\n    const state = Array.from({ length: n }, () => Array(n).fill('#'));\n    const cols = Array(n).fill(false); // \u8bb0\u5f55\u5217\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7687\u540e\n    const diags1 = Array(2 * n - 1).fill(false); // \u8bb0\u5f55\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u4e0a\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7687\u540e\n    const diags2 = Array(2 * n - 1).fill(false); // \u8bb0\u5f55\u6b21\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u4e0a\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7687\u540e\n    const res = [];\n\n    backtrack(0, n, state, res, cols, diags1, diags2);\n    return res;\n}\n
    n_queens.ts
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1aN \u7687\u540e */\nfunction backtrack(\n    row: number,\n    n: number,\n    state: string[][],\n    res: string[][][],\n    cols: boolean[],\n    diags1: boolean[],\n    diags2: boolean[]\n): void {\n    // \u5f53\u653e\u7f6e\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n    if (row === n) {\n        res.push(state.map((row) => row.slice()));\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u5217\n    for (let col = 0; col < n; col++) {\n        // \u8ba1\u7b97\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u548c\u6b21\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\n        const diag1 = row - col + n - 1;\n        const diag2 = row + col;\n        // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\u6240\u5728\u5217\u3001\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u3001\u6b21\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u4e0a\u5b58\u5728\u7687\u540e\n        if (!cols[col] && !diags1[diag1] && !diags2[diag2]) {\n            // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u5c06\u7687\u540e\u653e\u7f6e\u5728\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\n            state[row][col] = 'Q';\n            cols[col] = diags1[diag1] = diags2[diag2] = true;\n            // \u653e\u7f6e\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c\n            backtrack(row + 1, n, state, res, cols, diags1, diags2);\n            // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u5c06\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\u6062\u590d\u4e3a\u7a7a\u4f4d\n            state[row][col] = '#';\n            cols[col] = diags1[diag1] = diags2[diag2] = false;\n        }\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u6c42\u89e3 N \u7687\u540e */\nfunction nQueens(n: number): string[][][] {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 n*n \u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u68cb\u76d8\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d 'Q' \u4ee3\u8868\u7687\u540e\uff0c'#' \u4ee3\u8868\u7a7a\u4f4d\n    const state = Array.from({ length: n }, () => Array(n).fill('#'));\n    const cols = Array(n).fill(false); // \u8bb0\u5f55\u5217\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7687\u540e\n    const diags1 = Array(2 * n - 1).fill(false); // \u8bb0\u5f55\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u4e0a\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7687\u540e\n    const diags2 = Array(2 * n - 1).fill(false); // \u8bb0\u5f55\u6b21\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u4e0a\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7687\u540e\n    const res: string[][][] = [];\n\n    backtrack(0, n, state, res, cols, diags1, diags2);\n    return res;\n}\n
    n_queens.dart
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1aN \u7687\u540e */\nvoid backtrack(\n  int row,\n  int n,\n  List<List<String>> state,\n  List<List<List<String>>> res,\n  List<bool> cols,\n  List<bool> diags1,\n  List<bool> diags2,\n) {\n  // \u5f53\u653e\u7f6e\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n  if (row == n) {\n    List<List<String>> copyState = [];\n    for (List<String> sRow in state) {\n      copyState.add(List.from(sRow));\n    }\n    res.add(copyState);\n    return;\n  }\n  // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u5217\n  for (int col = 0; col < n; col++) {\n    // \u8ba1\u7b97\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u548c\u6b21\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\n    int diag1 = row - col + n - 1;\n    int diag2 = row + col;\n    // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\u6240\u5728\u5217\u3001\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u3001\u6b21\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u4e0a\u5b58\u5728\u7687\u540e\n    if (!cols[col] && !diags1[diag1] && !diags2[diag2]) {\n      // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u5c06\u7687\u540e\u653e\u7f6e\u5728\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\n      state[row][col] = \"Q\";\n      cols[col] = true;\n      diags1[diag1] = true;\n      diags2[diag2] = true;\n      // \u653e\u7f6e\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c\n      backtrack(row + 1, n, state, res, cols, diags1, diags2);\n      // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u5c06\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\u6062\u590d\u4e3a\u7a7a\u4f4d\n      state[row][col] = \"#\";\n      cols[col] = false;\n      diags1[diag1] = false;\n      diags2[diag2] = false;\n    }\n  }\n}\n\n/* \u6c42\u89e3 N \u7687\u540e */\nList<List<List<String>>> nQueens(int n) {\n  // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 n*n \u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u68cb\u76d8\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d 'Q' \u4ee3\u8868\u7687\u540e\uff0c'#' \u4ee3\u8868\u7a7a\u4f4d\n  List<List<String>> state = List.generate(n, (index) => List.filled(n, \"#\"));\n  List<bool> cols = List.filled(n, false); // \u8bb0\u5f55\u5217\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7687\u540e\n  List<bool> diags1 = List.filled(2 * n - 1, false); // \u8bb0\u5f55\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u4e0a\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7687\u540e\n  List<bool> diags2 = List.filled(2 * n - 1, false); // \u8bb0\u5f55\u6b21\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u4e0a\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7687\u540e\n  List<List<List<String>>> res = [];\n\n  backtrack(0, n, state, res, cols, diags1, diags2);\n\n  return res;\n}\n
    n_queens.rs
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1aN \u7687\u540e */\nfn backtrack(row: usize, n: usize, state: &mut Vec<Vec<String>>, res: &mut Vec<Vec<Vec<String>>>,\n    cols: &mut [bool], diags1: &mut [bool], diags2: &mut [bool]) {\n    // \u5f53\u653e\u7f6e\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n    if row == n {\n        let mut copy_state: Vec<Vec<String>> = Vec::new();\n        for s_row in state.clone() {\n            copy_state.push(s_row);\n        }\n        res.push(copy_state);\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u5217\n    for col in 0..n {\n        // \u8ba1\u7b97\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u548c\u6b21\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\n        let diag1 = row + n - 1 - col;\n        let diag2 = row + col;\n        // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\u6240\u5728\u5217\u3001\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u3001\u6b21\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u4e0a\u5b58\u5728\u7687\u540e\n        if !cols[col] && !diags1[diag1] && !diags2[diag2] {\n            // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u5c06\u7687\u540e\u653e\u7f6e\u5728\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\n            state.get_mut(row).unwrap()[col] = \"Q\".into();\n            (cols[col], diags1[diag1], diags2[diag2]) = (true, true, true);\n            // \u653e\u7f6e\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c\n            backtrack(row + 1, n, state, res, cols, diags1, diags2);\n            // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u5c06\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\u6062\u590d\u4e3a\u7a7a\u4f4d\n            state.get_mut(row).unwrap()[col] = \"#\".into();\n            (cols[col], diags1[diag1], diags2[diag2]) = (false, false, false);\n        }\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u6c42\u89e3 N \u7687\u540e */\nfn n_queens(n: usize) -> Vec<Vec<Vec<String>>> {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 n*n \u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u68cb\u76d8\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d 'Q' \u4ee3\u8868\u7687\u540e\uff0c'#' \u4ee3\u8868\u7a7a\u4f4d\n    let mut state: Vec<Vec<String>> = Vec::new();\n    for _ in 0..n {\n        let mut row: Vec<String> = Vec::new();\n        for _ in 0..n {\n            row.push(\"#\".into());\n        }\n        state.push(row);\n    }\n    let mut cols = vec![false; n]; // \u8bb0\u5f55\u5217\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7687\u540e\n    let mut diags1 = vec![false; 2 * n - 1]; // \u8bb0\u5f55\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u4e0a\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7687\u540e\n    let mut diags2 = vec![false; 2 * n - 1]; // \u8bb0\u5f55\u6b21\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u4e0a\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7687\u540e\n    let mut res: Vec<Vec<Vec<String>>> = Vec::new();\n\n    backtrack(0, n, &mut state, &mut res, &mut cols, &mut diags1, &mut diags2);\n\n    res\n}\n
    n_queens.c
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1aN \u7687\u540e */\nvoid backtrack(int row, int n, char state[MAX_SIZE][MAX_SIZE], char ***res, int *resSize, bool cols[MAX_SIZE],\n               bool diags1[2 * MAX_SIZE - 1], bool diags2[2 * MAX_SIZE - 1]) {\n    // \u5f53\u653e\u7f6e\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n    if (row == n) {\n        res[*resSize] = (char **)malloc(sizeof(char *) * n);\n        for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {\n            res[*resSize][i] = (char *)malloc(sizeof(char) * (n + 1));\n            strcpy(res[*resSize][i], state[i]);\n        }\n        (*resSize)++;\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u5217\n    for (int col = 0; col < n; col++) {\n        // \u8ba1\u7b97\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u548c\u6b21\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\n        int diag1 = row - col + n - 1;\n        int diag2 = row + col;\n        // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\u6240\u5728\u5217\u3001\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u3001\u6b21\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u4e0a\u5b58\u5728\u7687\u540e\n        if (!cols[col] && !diags1[diag1] && !diags2[diag2]) {\n            // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u5c06\u7687\u540e\u653e\u7f6e\u5728\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\n            state[row][col] = 'Q';\n            cols[col] = diags1[diag1] = diags2[diag2] = true;\n            // \u653e\u7f6e\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c\n            backtrack(row + 1, n, state, res, resSize, cols, diags1, diags2);\n            // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u5c06\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\u6062\u590d\u4e3a\u7a7a\u4f4d\n            state[row][col] = '#';\n            cols[col] = diags1[diag1] = diags2[diag2] = false;\n        }\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u6c42\u89e3 N \u7687\u540e */\nchar ***nQueens(int n, int *returnSize) {\n    char state[MAX_SIZE][MAX_SIZE];\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 n*n \u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u68cb\u76d8\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d 'Q' \u4ee3\u8868\u7687\u540e\uff0c'#' \u4ee3\u8868\u7a7a\u4f4d\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {\n        for (int j = 0; j < n; ++j) {\n            state[i][j] = '#';\n        }\n        state[i][n] = '\\0';\n    }\n    bool cols[MAX_SIZE] = {false};           // \u8bb0\u5f55\u5217\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7687\u540e\n    bool diags1[2 * MAX_SIZE - 1] = {false}; // \u8bb0\u5f55\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u4e0a\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7687\u540e\n    bool diags2[2 * MAX_SIZE - 1] = {false}; // \u8bb0\u5f55\u6b21\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u4e0a\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7687\u540e\n\n    char ***res = (char ***)malloc(sizeof(char **) * MAX_SIZE);\n    *returnSize = 0;\n    backtrack(0, n, state, res, returnSize, cols, diags1, diags2);\n    return res;\n}\n
    n_queens.zig
    [class]{}-[func]{backtrack}\n\n[class]{}-[func]{nQueens}\n

    \u9010\u884c\u653e\u7f6e \\(n\\) \u6b21\uff0c\u8003\u8651\u5217\u7ea6\u675f\uff0c\u5219\u4ece\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u5230\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u884c\u5206\u522b\u6709 \\(n\\)\u3001\\(n-1\\)\u3001\\(\\dots\\)\u3001\\(2\\)\u3001\\(1\\) \u4e2a\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n!)\\) \u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u7ea6\u675f\u7684\u526a\u679d\u4e5f\u80fd\u591f\u5927\u5e45\u7f29\u5c0f\u641c\u7d22\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u641c\u7d22\u6548\u7387\u5f80\u5f80\u4f18\u4e8e\u4ee5\u4e0a\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u3002

    \u6570\u7ec4 state \u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(n^2)\\) \u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u6570\u7ec4 cols\u3001diags1 \u548c diags2 \u7686\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(n)\\) \u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u6700\u5927\u9012\u5f52\u6df1\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(n\\) \uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(n)\\) \u6808\u5e27\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n^2)\\) \u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_backtracking/permutations_problem/","title":"13.2 \u00a0 \u5168\u6392\u5217\u95ee\u9898","text":"

    \u5168\u6392\u5217\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5178\u578b\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u662f\u5728\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u96c6\u5408\uff08\u5982\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\u6216\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff09\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u627e\u51fa\u5176\u4e2d\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u6392\u5217\u3002

    \u8868 13-2 \u5217\u4e3e\u4e86\u51e0\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6392\u5217\u3002

    \u8868 13-2 \u00a0 \u5168\u6392\u5217\u793a\u4f8b

    \u8f93\u5165\u6570\u7ec4 \u6240\u6709\u6392\u5217 \\([1]\\) \\([1]\\) \\([1, 2]\\) \\([1, 2], [2, 1]\\) \\([1, 2, 3]\\) \\([1, 2, 3], [1, 3, 2], [2, 1, 3], [2, 3, 1], [3, 1, 2], [3, 2, 1]\\)"},{"location":"chapter_backtracking/permutations_problem/#1321","title":"13.2.1 \u00a0 \u65e0\u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u60c5\u51b5","text":"

    Question

    \u8f93\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u6574\u6570\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u6392\u5217\u3002

    \u4ece\u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u751f\u6210\u6392\u5217\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u60f3\u8c61\u6210\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u7ec4\u4e3a \\([1, 2, 3]\\) \uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u5148\u9009\u62e9 \\(1\\) \uff0c\u518d\u9009\u62e9 \\(3\\) \uff0c\u6700\u540e\u9009\u62e9 \\(2\\) \uff0c\u5219\u83b7\u5f97\u6392\u5217 \\([1, 3, 2]\\) \u3002\u56de\u9000\u8868\u793a\u64a4\u9500\u4e00\u4e2a\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e\u7ee7\u7eed\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5176\u4ed6\u9009\u62e9\u3002

    \u4ece\u56de\u6eaf\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u5019\u9009\u96c6\u5408 choices \u662f\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u72b6\u6001 state \u662f\u76f4\u81f3\u76ee\u524d\u5df2\u88ab\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u53ea\u5141\u8bb8\u88ab\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64 state \u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u3002

    \u5982\u56fe 13-5 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u641c\u7d22\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5c55\u5f00\u6210\u4e00\u68f5\u9012\u5f52\u6811\uff0c\u6811\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u4ee3\u8868\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001 state \u3002\u4ece\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e09\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\u540e\u5230\u8fbe\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e00\u4e2a\u6392\u5217\u3002

    \u56fe 13-5 \u00a0 \u5168\u6392\u5217\u7684\u9012\u5f52\u6811

    "},{"location":"chapter_backtracking/permutations_problem/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u526a\u679d","text":"

    \u4e3a\u4e86\u5b9e\u73b0\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u53ea\u88ab\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8003\u8651\u5f15\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e03\u5c14\u578b\u6570\u7ec4 selected \uff0c\u5176\u4e2d selected[i] \u8868\u793a choices[i] \u662f\u5426\u5df2\u88ab\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u5e76\u57fa\u4e8e\u5b83\u5b9e\u73b0\u4ee5\u4e0b\u526a\u679d\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002

    • \u5728\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9 choice[i] \u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u5c06 selected[i] \u8d4b\u503c\u4e3a \\(\\text{True}\\) \uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u5b83\u5df2\u88ab\u9009\u62e9\u3002
    • \u904d\u5386\u9009\u62e9\u5217\u8868 choices \u65f6\uff0c\u8df3\u8fc7\u6240\u6709\u5df2\u88ab\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5373\u526a\u679d\u3002

    \u5982\u56fe 13-6 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u7b2c\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9 1 \uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9 3 \uff0c\u7b2c\u4e09\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9 2 \uff0c\u5219\u9700\u8981\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8f6e\u526a\u6389\u5143\u7d20 1 \u7684\u5206\u652f\uff0c\u5728\u7b2c\u4e09\u8f6e\u526a\u6389\u5143\u7d20 1 \u548c\u5143\u7d20 3 \u7684\u5206\u652f\u3002

    \u56fe 13-6 \u00a0 \u5168\u6392\u5217\u526a\u679d\u793a\u4f8b

    \u89c2\u5bdf\u56fe 13-6 \u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u8be5\u526a\u679d\u64cd\u4f5c\u5c06\u641c\u7d22\u7a7a\u95f4\u5927\u5c0f\u4ece \\(O(n^n)\\) \u51cf\u5c0f\u81f3 \\(O(n!)\\) \u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_backtracking/permutations_problem/#2","title":"2. \u00a0 \u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0","text":"

    \u60f3\u6e05\u695a\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4fe1\u606f\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6846\u67b6\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u505a\u201c\u5b8c\u5f62\u586b\u7a7a\u201d\u4e86\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u7f29\u77ed\u6574\u4f53\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u5355\u72ec\u5b9e\u73b0\u6846\u67b6\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u5c55\u5f00\u5728 backtrack() \u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig permutations_i.py
    def backtrack(\n    state: list[int], choices: list[int], selected: list[bool], res: list[list[int]]\n):\n    \"\"\"\u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5168\u6392\u5217 I\"\"\"\n    # \u5f53\u72b6\u6001\u957f\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n    if len(state) == len(choices):\n        res.append(list(state))\n        return\n    # \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    for i, choice in enumerate(choices):\n        # \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u5143\u7d20\n        if not selected[i]:\n            # \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\n            selected[i] = True\n            state.append(choice)\n            # \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\n            backtrack(state, choices, selected, res)\n            # \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n            selected[i] = False\n            state.pop()\n\ndef permutations_i(nums: list[int]) -> list[list[int]]:\n    \"\"\"\u5168\u6392\u5217 I\"\"\"\n    res = []\n    backtrack(state=[], choices=nums, selected=[False] * len(nums), res=res)\n    return res\n
    permutations_i.cpp
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5168\u6392\u5217 I */\nvoid backtrack(vector<int> &state, const vector<int> &choices, vector<bool> &selected, vector<vector<int>> &res) {\n    // \u5f53\u72b6\u6001\u957f\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n    if (state.size() == choices.size()) {\n        res.push_back(state);\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    for (int i = 0; i < choices.size(); i++) {\n        int choice = choices[i];\n        // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u5143\u7d20\n        if (!selected[i]) {\n            // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\n            selected[i] = true;\n            state.push_back(choice);\n            // \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\n            backtrack(state, choices, selected, res);\n            // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n            selected[i] = false;\n            state.pop_back();\n        }\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u5168\u6392\u5217 I */\nvector<vector<int>> permutationsI(vector<int> nums) {\n    vector<int> state;\n    vector<bool> selected(nums.size(), false);\n    vector<vector<int>> res;\n    backtrack(state, nums, selected, res);\n    return res;\n}\n
    permutations_i.java
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5168\u6392\u5217 I */\nvoid backtrack(List<Integer> state, int[] choices, boolean[] selected, List<List<Integer>> res) {\n    // \u5f53\u72b6\u6001\u957f\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n    if (state.size() == choices.length) {\n        res.add(new ArrayList<Integer>(state));\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    for (int i = 0; i < choices.length; i++) {\n        int choice = choices[i];\n        // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u5143\u7d20\n        if (!selected[i]) {\n            // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\n            selected[i] = true;\n            state.add(choice);\n            // \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\n            backtrack(state, choices, selected, res);\n            // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n            selected[i] = false;\n            state.remove(state.size() - 1);\n        }\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u5168\u6392\u5217 I */\nList<List<Integer>> permutationsI(int[] nums) {\n    List<List<Integer>> res = new ArrayList<List<Integer>>();\n    backtrack(new ArrayList<Integer>(), nums, new boolean[nums.length], res);\n    return res;\n}\n
    permutations_i.cs
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5168\u6392\u5217 I */\nvoid Backtrack(List<int> state, int[] choices, bool[] selected, List<List<int>> res) {\n    // \u5f53\u72b6\u6001\u957f\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n    if (state.Count == choices.Length) {\n        res.Add(new List<int>(state));\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    for (int i = 0; i < choices.Length; i++) {\n        int choice = choices[i];\n        // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u5143\u7d20\n        if (!selected[i]) {\n            // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\n            selected[i] = true;\n            state.Add(choice);\n            // \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\n            Backtrack(state, choices, selected, res);\n            // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n            selected[i] = false;\n            state.RemoveAt(state.Count - 1);\n        }\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u5168\u6392\u5217 I */\nList<List<int>> PermutationsI(int[] nums) {\n    List<List<int>> res = [];\n    Backtrack([], nums, new bool[nums.Length], res);\n    return res;\n}\n
    permutations_i.go
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5168\u6392\u5217 I */\nfunc backtrackI(state *[]int, choices *[]int, selected *[]bool, res *[][]int) {\n    // \u5f53\u72b6\u6001\u957f\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n    if len(*state) == len(*choices) {\n        newState := append([]int{}, *state...)\n        *res = append(*res, newState)\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    for i := 0; i < len(*choices); i++ {\n        choice := (*choices)[i]\n        // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u5143\u7d20\n        if !(*selected)[i] {\n            // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\n            (*selected)[i] = true\n            *state = append(*state, choice)\n            // \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\n            backtrackI(state, choices, selected, res)\n            // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n            (*selected)[i] = false\n            *state = (*state)[:len(*state)-1]\n        }\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u5168\u6392\u5217 I */\nfunc permutationsI(nums []int) [][]int {\n    res := make([][]int, 0)\n    state := make([]int, 0)\n    selected := make([]bool, len(nums))\n    backtrackI(&state, &nums, &selected, &res)\n    return res\n}\n
    permutations_i.swift
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5168\u6392\u5217 I */\nfunc backtrack(state: inout [Int], choices: [Int], selected: inout [Bool], res: inout [[Int]]) {\n    // \u5f53\u72b6\u6001\u957f\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n    if state.count == choices.count {\n        res.append(state)\n        return\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    for (i, choice) in choices.enumerated() {\n        // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u5143\u7d20\n        if !selected[i] {\n            // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\n            selected[i] = true\n            state.append(choice)\n            // \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\n            backtrack(state: &state, choices: choices, selected: &selected, res: &res)\n            // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n            selected[i] = false\n            state.removeLast()\n        }\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u5168\u6392\u5217 I */\nfunc permutationsI(nums: [Int]) -> [[Int]] {\n    var state: [Int] = []\n    var selected = Array(repeating: false, count: nums.count)\n    var res: [[Int]] = []\n    backtrack(state: &state, choices: nums, selected: &selected, res: &res)\n    return res\n}\n
    permutations_i.js
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5168\u6392\u5217 I */\nfunction backtrack(state, choices, selected, res) {\n    // \u5f53\u72b6\u6001\u957f\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n    if (state.length === choices.length) {\n        res.push([...state]);\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    choices.forEach((choice, i) => {\n        // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u5143\u7d20\n        if (!selected[i]) {\n            // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\n            selected[i] = true;\n            state.push(choice);\n            // \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\n            backtrack(state, choices, selected, res);\n            // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n            selected[i] = false;\n            state.pop();\n        }\n    });\n}\n\n/* \u5168\u6392\u5217 I */\nfunction permutationsI(nums) {\n    const res = [];\n    backtrack([], nums, Array(nums.length).fill(false), res);\n    return res;\n}\n
    permutations_i.ts
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5168\u6392\u5217 I */\nfunction backtrack(\n    state: number[],\n    choices: number[],\n    selected: boolean[],\n    res: number[][]\n): void {\n    // \u5f53\u72b6\u6001\u957f\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n    if (state.length === choices.length) {\n        res.push([...state]);\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    choices.forEach((choice, i) => {\n        // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u5143\u7d20\n        if (!selected[i]) {\n            // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\n            selected[i] = true;\n            state.push(choice);\n            // \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\n            backtrack(state, choices, selected, res);\n            // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n            selected[i] = false;\n            state.pop();\n        }\n    });\n}\n\n/* \u5168\u6392\u5217 I */\nfunction permutationsI(nums: number[]): number[][] {\n    const res: number[][] = [];\n    backtrack([], nums, Array(nums.length).fill(false), res);\n    return res;\n}\n
    permutations_i.dart
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5168\u6392\u5217 I */\nvoid backtrack(\n  List<int> state,\n  List<int> choices,\n  List<bool> selected,\n  List<List<int>> res,\n) {\n  // \u5f53\u72b6\u6001\u957f\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n  if (state.length == choices.length) {\n    res.add(List.from(state));\n    return;\n  }\n  // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n  for (int i = 0; i < choices.length; i++) {\n    int choice = choices[i];\n    // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u5143\u7d20\n    if (!selected[i]) {\n      // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\n      selected[i] = true;\n      state.add(choice);\n      // \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\n      backtrack(state, choices, selected, res);\n      // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n      selected[i] = false;\n      state.removeLast();\n    }\n  }\n}\n\n/* \u5168\u6392\u5217 I */\nList<List<int>> permutationsI(List<int> nums) {\n  List<List<int>> res = [];\n  backtrack([], nums, List.filled(nums.length, false), res);\n  return res;\n}\n
    permutations_i.rs
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5168\u6392\u5217 I */\nfn backtrack(mut state: Vec<i32>, choices: &[i32], selected: &mut [bool], res: &mut Vec<Vec<i32>>) {\n    // \u5f53\u72b6\u6001\u957f\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n    if state.len() == choices.len() {\n        res.push(state);\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    for i in 0..choices.len() {\n        let choice = choices[i];\n        // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u5143\u7d20\n        if !selected[i] {\n            // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\n            selected[i] = true;\n            state.push(choice);\n            // \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\n            backtrack(state.clone(), choices, selected, res);\n            // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n            selected[i] = false;\n            state.remove(state.len() - 1);\n        }\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u5168\u6392\u5217 I */\nfn permutations_i(nums: &mut [i32]) -> Vec<Vec<i32>> {\n    let mut res = Vec::new(); // \u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\uff09\n    backtrack(Vec::new(), nums, &mut vec![false; nums.len()], &mut res);\n    res\n}\n
    permutations_i.c
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5168\u6392\u5217 I */\nvoid backtrack(int *state, int stateSize, int *choices, int choicesSize, bool *selected, int **res, int *resSize) {\n    // \u5f53\u72b6\u6001\u957f\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n    if (stateSize == choicesSize) {\n        res[*resSize] = (int *)malloc(choicesSize * sizeof(int));\n        for (int i = 0; i < choicesSize; i++) {\n            res[*resSize][i] = state[i];\n        }\n        (*resSize)++;\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    for (int i = 0; i < choicesSize; i++) {\n        int choice = choices[i];\n        // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u5143\u7d20\n        if (!selected[i]) {\n            // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\n            selected[i] = true;\n            state[stateSize] = choice;\n            // \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\n            backtrack(state, stateSize + 1, choices, choicesSize, selected, res, resSize);\n            // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n            selected[i] = false;\n        }\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u5168\u6392\u5217 I */\nint **permutationsI(int *nums, int numsSize, int *returnSize) {\n    int *state = (int *)malloc(numsSize * sizeof(int));\n    bool *selected = (bool *)malloc(numsSize * sizeof(bool));\n    for (int i = 0; i < numsSize; i++) {\n        selected[i] = false;\n    }\n    int **res = (int **)malloc(MAX_SIZE * sizeof(int *));\n    *returnSize = 0;\n\n    backtrack(state, 0, nums, numsSize, selected, res, returnSize);\n\n    free(state);\n    free(selected);\n\n    return res;\n}\n
    permutations_i.zig
    [class]{}-[func]{backtrack}\n\n[class]{}-[func]{permutationsI}\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_backtracking/permutations_problem/#1322","title":"13.2.2 \u00a0 \u8003\u8651\u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u60c5\u51b5","text":"

    Question

    \u8f93\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u6574\u6570\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u542b\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u6240\u6709\u4e0d\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u6392\u5217\u3002

    \u5047\u8bbe\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u7ec4\u4e3a \\([1, 1, 2]\\) \u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u65b9\u4fbf\u533a\u5206\u4e24\u4e2a\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20 \\(1\\) \uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a \\(1\\) \u8bb0\u4e3a \\(\\hat{1}\\) \u3002

    \u5982\u56fe 13-7 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u65b9\u6cd5\u751f\u6210\u7684\u6392\u5217\u6709\u4e00\u534a\u662f\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u3002

    \u56fe 13-7 \u00a0 \u91cd\u590d\u6392\u5217

    \u90a3\u4e48\u5982\u4f55\u53bb\u9664\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u6392\u5217\u5462\uff1f\u6700\u76f4\u63a5\u5730\uff0c\u8003\u8651\u501f\u52a9\u4e00\u4e2a\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5bf9\u6392\u5217\u7ed3\u679c\u8fdb\u884c\u53bb\u91cd\u3002\u7136\u800c\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u4e0d\u591f\u4f18\u96c5\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u751f\u6210\u91cd\u590d\u6392\u5217\u7684\u641c\u7d22\u5206\u652f\u6ca1\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\uff0c\u5e94\u5f53\u63d0\u524d\u8bc6\u522b\u5e76\u526a\u679d\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u63d0\u5347\u7b97\u6cd5\u6548\u7387\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_backtracking/permutations_problem/#1_1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\u526a\u679d","text":"

    \u89c2\u5bdf\u56fe 13-8 \uff0c\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u8f6e\u4e2d\uff0c\u9009\u62e9 \\(1\\) \u6216\u9009\u62e9 \\(\\hat{1}\\) \u662f\u7b49\u4ef7\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u9009\u62e9\u4e4b\u4e0b\u751f\u6210\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6392\u5217\u90fd\u662f\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u5e94\u8be5\u628a \\(\\hat{1}\\) \u526a\u679d\u3002

    \u540c\u7406\uff0c\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9 \\(2\\) \u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\u4e2d\u7684 \\(1\\) \u548c \\(\\hat{1}\\) \u4e5f\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u91cd\u590d\u5206\u652f\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e5f\u5e94\u5c06\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8f6e\u7684 \\(\\hat{1}\\) \u526a\u679d\u3002

    \u4ece\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u5728\u67d0\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\u4e2d\uff0c\u4fdd\u8bc1\u591a\u4e2a\u76f8\u7b49\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u4ec5\u88ab\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u6b21\u3002

    \u56fe 13-8 \u00a0 \u91cd\u590d\u6392\u5217\u526a\u679d

    "},{"location":"chapter_backtracking/permutations_problem/#2_1","title":"2. \u00a0 \u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0","text":"

    \u5728\u4e0a\u4e00\u9898\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8003\u8651\u5728\u6bcf\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\u4e2d\u5f00\u542f\u4e00\u4e2a\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 duplicated \uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u8be5\u8f6e\u4e2d\u5df2\u7ecf\u5c1d\u8bd5\u8fc7\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\u526a\u679d\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig permutations_ii.py
    def backtrack(\n    state: list[int], choices: list[int], selected: list[bool], res: list[list[int]]\n):\n    \"\"\"\u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5168\u6392\u5217 II\"\"\"\n    # \u5f53\u72b6\u6001\u957f\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n    if len(state) == len(choices):\n        res.append(list(state))\n        return\n    # \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    duplicated = set[int]()\n    for i, choice in enumerate(choices):\n        # \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u5143\u7d20 \u4e14 \u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\n        if not selected[i] and choice not in duplicated:\n            # \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\n            duplicated.add(choice)  # \u8bb0\u5f55\u9009\u62e9\u8fc7\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u503c\n            selected[i] = True\n            state.append(choice)\n            # \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\n            backtrack(state, choices, selected, res)\n            # \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n            selected[i] = False\n            state.pop()\n\ndef permutations_ii(nums: list[int]) -> list[list[int]]:\n    \"\"\"\u5168\u6392\u5217 II\"\"\"\n    res = []\n    backtrack(state=[], choices=nums, selected=[False] * len(nums), res=res)\n    return res\n
    permutations_ii.cpp
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5168\u6392\u5217 II */\nvoid backtrack(vector<int> &state, const vector<int> &choices, vector<bool> &selected, vector<vector<int>> &res) {\n    // \u5f53\u72b6\u6001\u957f\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n    if (state.size() == choices.size()) {\n        res.push_back(state);\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    unordered_set<int> duplicated;\n    for (int i = 0; i < choices.size(); i++) {\n        int choice = choices[i];\n        // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u5143\u7d20 \u4e14 \u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\n        if (!selected[i] && duplicated.find(choice) == duplicated.end()) {\n            // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\n            duplicated.emplace(choice); // \u8bb0\u5f55\u9009\u62e9\u8fc7\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u503c\n            selected[i] = true;\n            state.push_back(choice);\n            // \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\n            backtrack(state, choices, selected, res);\n            // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n            selected[i] = false;\n            state.pop_back();\n        }\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u5168\u6392\u5217 II */\nvector<vector<int>> permutationsII(vector<int> nums) {\n    vector<int> state;\n    vector<bool> selected(nums.size(), false);\n    vector<vector<int>> res;\n    backtrack(state, nums, selected, res);\n    return res;\n}\n
    permutations_ii.java
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5168\u6392\u5217 II */\nvoid backtrack(List<Integer> state, int[] choices, boolean[] selected, List<List<Integer>> res) {\n    // \u5f53\u72b6\u6001\u957f\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n    if (state.size() == choices.length) {\n        res.add(new ArrayList<Integer>(state));\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    Set<Integer> duplicated = new HashSet<Integer>();\n    for (int i = 0; i < choices.length; i++) {\n        int choice = choices[i];\n        // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u5143\u7d20 \u4e14 \u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\n        if (!selected[i] && !duplicated.contains(choice)) {\n            // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\n            duplicated.add(choice); // \u8bb0\u5f55\u9009\u62e9\u8fc7\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u503c\n            selected[i] = true;\n            state.add(choice);\n            // \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\n            backtrack(state, choices, selected, res);\n            // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n            selected[i] = false;\n            state.remove(state.size() - 1);\n        }\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u5168\u6392\u5217 II */\nList<List<Integer>> permutationsII(int[] nums) {\n    List<List<Integer>> res = new ArrayList<List<Integer>>();\n    backtrack(new ArrayList<Integer>(), nums, new boolean[nums.length], res);\n    return res;\n}\n
    permutations_ii.cs
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5168\u6392\u5217 II */\nvoid Backtrack(List<int> state, int[] choices, bool[] selected, List<List<int>> res) {\n    // \u5f53\u72b6\u6001\u957f\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n    if (state.Count == choices.Length) {\n        res.Add(new List<int>(state));\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    HashSet<int> duplicated = [];\n    for (int i = 0; i < choices.Length; i++) {\n        int choice = choices[i];\n        // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u5143\u7d20 \u4e14 \u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\n        if (!selected[i] && !duplicated.Contains(choice)) {\n            // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\n            duplicated.Add(choice); // \u8bb0\u5f55\u9009\u62e9\u8fc7\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u503c\n            selected[i] = true;\n            state.Add(choice);\n            // \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\n            Backtrack(state, choices, selected, res);\n            // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n            selected[i] = false;\n            state.RemoveAt(state.Count - 1);\n        }\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u5168\u6392\u5217 II */\nList<List<int>> PermutationsII(int[] nums) {\n    List<List<int>> res = [];\n    Backtrack([], nums, new bool[nums.Length], res);\n    return res;\n}\n
    permutations_ii.go
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5168\u6392\u5217 II */\nfunc backtrackII(state *[]int, choices *[]int, selected *[]bool, res *[][]int) {\n    // \u5f53\u72b6\u6001\u957f\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n    if len(*state) == len(*choices) {\n        newState := append([]int{}, *state...)\n        *res = append(*res, newState)\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    duplicated := make(map[int]struct{}, 0)\n    for i := 0; i < len(*choices); i++ {\n        choice := (*choices)[i]\n        // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u5143\u7d20 \u4e14 \u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\n        if _, ok := duplicated[choice]; !ok && !(*selected)[i] {\n            // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\n            // \u8bb0\u5f55\u9009\u62e9\u8fc7\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u503c\n            duplicated[choice] = struct{}{}\n            (*selected)[i] = true\n            *state = append(*state, choice)\n            // \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\n            backtrackI(state, choices, selected, res)\n            // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n            (*selected)[i] = false\n            *state = (*state)[:len(*state)-1]\n        }\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u5168\u6392\u5217 II */\nfunc permutationsII(nums []int) [][]int {\n    res := make([][]int, 0)\n    state := make([]int, 0)\n    selected := make([]bool, len(nums))\n    backtrackII(&state, &nums, &selected, &res)\n    return res\n}\n
    permutations_ii.swift
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5168\u6392\u5217 II */\nfunc backtrack(state: inout [Int], choices: [Int], selected: inout [Bool], res: inout [[Int]]) {\n    // \u5f53\u72b6\u6001\u957f\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n    if state.count == choices.count {\n        res.append(state)\n        return\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    var duplicated: Set<Int> = []\n    for (i, choice) in choices.enumerated() {\n        // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u5143\u7d20 \u4e14 \u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\n        if !selected[i], !duplicated.contains(choice) {\n            // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\n            duplicated.insert(choice) // \u8bb0\u5f55\u9009\u62e9\u8fc7\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u503c\n            selected[i] = true\n            state.append(choice)\n            // \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\n            backtrack(state: &state, choices: choices, selected: &selected, res: &res)\n            // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n            selected[i] = false\n            state.removeLast()\n        }\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u5168\u6392\u5217 II */\nfunc permutationsII(nums: [Int]) -> [[Int]] {\n    var state: [Int] = []\n    var selected = Array(repeating: false, count: nums.count)\n    var res: [[Int]] = []\n    backtrack(state: &state, choices: nums, selected: &selected, res: &res)\n    return res\n}\n
    permutations_ii.js
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5168\u6392\u5217 II */\nfunction backtrack(state, choices, selected, res) {\n    // \u5f53\u72b6\u6001\u957f\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n    if (state.length === choices.length) {\n        res.push([...state]);\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    const duplicated = new Set();\n    choices.forEach((choice, i) => {\n        // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u5143\u7d20 \u4e14 \u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\n        if (!selected[i] && !duplicated.has(choice)) {\n            // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\n            duplicated.add(choice); // \u8bb0\u5f55\u9009\u62e9\u8fc7\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u503c\n            selected[i] = true;\n            state.push(choice);\n            // \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\n            backtrack(state, choices, selected, res);\n            // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n            selected[i] = false;\n            state.pop();\n        }\n    });\n}\n\n/* \u5168\u6392\u5217 II */\nfunction permutationsII(nums) {\n    const res = [];\n    backtrack([], nums, Array(nums.length).fill(false), res);\n    return res;\n}\n
    permutations_ii.ts
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5168\u6392\u5217 II */\nfunction backtrack(\n    state: number[],\n    choices: number[],\n    selected: boolean[],\n    res: number[][]\n): void {\n    // \u5f53\u72b6\u6001\u957f\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n    if (state.length === choices.length) {\n        res.push([...state]);\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    const duplicated = new Set();\n    choices.forEach((choice, i) => {\n        // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u5143\u7d20 \u4e14 \u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\n        if (!selected[i] && !duplicated.has(choice)) {\n            // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\n            duplicated.add(choice); // \u8bb0\u5f55\u9009\u62e9\u8fc7\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u503c\n            selected[i] = true;\n            state.push(choice);\n            // \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\n            backtrack(state, choices, selected, res);\n            // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n            selected[i] = false;\n            state.pop();\n        }\n    });\n}\n\n/* \u5168\u6392\u5217 II */\nfunction permutationsII(nums: number[]): number[][] {\n    const res: number[][] = [];\n    backtrack([], nums, Array(nums.length).fill(false), res);\n    return res;\n}\n
    permutations_ii.dart
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5168\u6392\u5217 II */\nvoid backtrack(\n  List<int> state,\n  List<int> choices,\n  List<bool> selected,\n  List<List<int>> res,\n) {\n  // \u5f53\u72b6\u6001\u957f\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n  if (state.length == choices.length) {\n    res.add(List.from(state));\n    return;\n  }\n  // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n  Set<int> duplicated = {};\n  for (int i = 0; i < choices.length; i++) {\n    int choice = choices[i];\n    // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u5143\u7d20 \u4e14 \u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\n    if (!selected[i] && !duplicated.contains(choice)) {\n      // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\n      duplicated.add(choice); // \u8bb0\u5f55\u9009\u62e9\u8fc7\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u503c\n      selected[i] = true;\n      state.add(choice);\n      // \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\n      backtrack(state, choices, selected, res);\n      // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n      selected[i] = false;\n      state.removeLast();\n    }\n  }\n}\n\n/* \u5168\u6392\u5217 II */\nList<List<int>> permutationsII(List<int> nums) {\n  List<List<int>> res = [];\n  backtrack([], nums, List.filled(nums.length, false), res);\n  return res;\n}\n
    permutations_ii.rs
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5168\u6392\u5217 II */\nfn backtrack(mut state: Vec<i32>, choices: &[i32], selected: &mut [bool], res: &mut Vec<Vec<i32>>) {\n    // \u5f53\u72b6\u6001\u957f\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n    if state.len() == choices.len() {\n        res.push(state);\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    let mut duplicated = HashSet::<i32>::new();\n    for i in 0..choices.len() {\n        let choice = choices[i];\n        // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u5143\u7d20 \u4e14 \u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\n        if !selected[i] && !duplicated.contains(&choice) {\n            // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\n            duplicated.insert(choice); // \u8bb0\u5f55\u9009\u62e9\u8fc7\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u503c\n            selected[i] = true;\n            state.push(choice);\n            // \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\n            backtrack(state.clone(), choices, selected, res);\n            // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n            selected[i] = false;\n            state.remove(state.len() - 1);\n        }\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u5168\u6392\u5217 II */\nfn permutations_ii(nums: &mut [i32]) -> Vec<Vec<i32>> {\n    let mut res = Vec::new();\n    backtrack(Vec::new(), nums, &mut vec![false; nums.len()], &mut res);\n    res\n}\n
    permutations_ii.c
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5168\u6392\u5217 II */\nvoid backtrack(int *state, int stateSize, int *choices, int choicesSize, bool *selected, int **res, int *resSize) {\n    // \u5f53\u72b6\u6001\u957f\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n    if (stateSize == choicesSize) {\n        res[*resSize] = (int *)malloc(choicesSize * sizeof(int));\n        for (int i = 0; i < choicesSize; i++) {\n            res[*resSize][i] = state[i];\n        }\n        (*resSize)++;\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    bool duplicated[MAX_SIZE] = {false};\n    for (int i = 0; i < choicesSize; i++) {\n        int choice = choices[i];\n        // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u5143\u7d20 \u4e14 \u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\n        if (!selected[i] && !duplicated[choice]) {\n            // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\n            duplicated[choice] = true; // \u8bb0\u5f55\u9009\u62e9\u8fc7\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u503c\n            selected[i] = true;\n            state[stateSize] = choice;\n            // \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\n            backtrack(state, stateSize + 1, choices, choicesSize, selected, res, resSize);\n            // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n            selected[i] = false;\n        }\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u5168\u6392\u5217 II */\nint **permutationsII(int *nums, int numsSize, int *returnSize) {\n    int *state = (int *)malloc(numsSize * sizeof(int));\n    bool *selected = (bool *)malloc(numsSize * sizeof(bool));\n    for (int i = 0; i < numsSize; i++) {\n        selected[i] = false;\n    }\n    int **res = (int **)malloc(MAX_SIZE * sizeof(int *));\n    *returnSize = 0;\n\n    backtrack(state, 0, nums, numsSize, selected, res, returnSize);\n\n    free(state);\n    free(selected);\n\n    return res;\n}\n
    permutations_ii.zig
    [class]{}-[func]{backtrack}\n\n[class]{}-[func]{permutationsII}\n

    \u5047\u8bbe\u5143\u7d20\u4e24\u4e24\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e92\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u5219 \\(n\\) \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5171\u6709 \\(n!\\) \u79cd\u6392\u5217\uff08\u9636\u4e58\uff09\uff1b\u5728\u8bb0\u5f55\u7ed3\u679c\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u590d\u5236\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(n\\) \u7684\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(n)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n!n)\\) \u3002

    \u6700\u5927\u9012\u5f52\u6df1\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(n\\) \uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(n)\\) \u6808\u5e27\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002selected \u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(n)\\) \u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u540c\u4e00\u65f6\u523b\u6700\u591a\u5171\u6709 \\(n\\) \u4e2a duplicated \uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(n^2)\\) \u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n^2)\\) \u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_backtracking/permutations_problem/#3","title":"3. \u00a0 \u4e24\u79cd\u526a\u679d\u5bf9\u6bd4","text":"

    \u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u867d\u7136 selected \u548c duplicated \u90fd\u7528\u4e8e\u526a\u679d\uff0c\u4f46\u4e24\u8005\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u4e0d\u540c\u3002

    • \u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u526a\u679d\uff1a\u6574\u4e2a\u641c\u7d22\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a selected \u3002\u5b83\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u662f\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u54ea\u4e9b\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5176\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u907f\u514d\u67d0\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5728 state \u4e2d\u91cd\u590d\u51fa\u73b0\u3002
    • \u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\u526a\u679d\uff1a\u6bcf\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\uff08\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8c03\u7528\u7684 backtrack \u51fd\u6570\uff09\u90fd\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2a duplicated \u3002\u5b83\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u662f\u5728\u672c\u8f6e\u904d\u5386\uff08for \u5faa\u73af\uff09\u4e2d\u54ea\u4e9b\u5143\u7d20\u5df2\u88ab\u9009\u62e9\u8fc7\uff0c\u5176\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u4fdd\u8bc1\u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\u53ea\u88ab\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u6b21\u3002

    \u56fe 13-9 \u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u526a\u679d\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u751f\u6548\u8303\u56f4\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u6811\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u4ee3\u8868\u4e00\u4e2a\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u4ece\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u5230\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u4e0a\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u6784\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u6392\u5217\u3002

    \u56fe 13-9 \u00a0 \u4e24\u79cd\u526a\u679d\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u8303\u56f4

    "},{"location":"chapter_backtracking/subset_sum_problem/","title":"13.3 \u00a0 \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u95ee\u9898","text":""},{"location":"chapter_backtracking/subset_sum_problem/#1331","title":"13.3.1 \u00a0 \u65e0\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u60c5\u51b5","text":"

    Question

    \u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b63\u6574\u6570\u6570\u7ec4 nums \u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u6b63\u6574\u6570 target \uff0c\u8bf7\u627e\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u7ec4\u5408\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e target \u3002\u7ed9\u5b9a\u6570\u7ec4\u65e0\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u9009\u53d6\u591a\u6b21\u3002\u8bf7\u4ee5\u5217\u8868\u5f62\u5f0f\u8fd4\u56de\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ec4\u5408\uff0c\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5e94\u5305\u542b\u91cd\u590d\u7ec4\u5408\u3002

    \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8f93\u5165\u96c6\u5408 \\(\\{3, 4, 5\\}\\) \u548c\u76ee\u6807\u6574\u6570 \\(9\\) \uff0c\u89e3\u4e3a \\(\\{3, 3, 3\\}, \\{4, 5\\}\\) \u3002\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e24\u70b9\u3002

    • \u8f93\u5165\u96c6\u5408\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u65e0\u9650\u6b21\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u53d6\u3002
    • \u5b50\u96c6\u4e0d\u533a\u5206\u5143\u7d20\u987a\u5e8f\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982 \\(\\{4, 5\\}\\) \u548c \\(\\{5, 4\\}\\) \u662f\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u96c6\u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_backtracking/subset_sum_problem/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u53c2\u8003\u5168\u6392\u5217\u89e3\u6cd5","text":"

    \u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u5168\u6392\u5217\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u5b50\u96c6\u7684\u751f\u6210\u8fc7\u7a0b\u60f3\u8c61\u6210\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u9009\u62e9\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5b9e\u65f6\u66f4\u65b0\u201c\u5143\u7d20\u548c\u201d\uff0c\u5f53\u5143\u7d20\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e target \u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u5c06\u5b50\u96c6\u8bb0\u5f55\u81f3\u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868\u3002

    \u800c\u4e0e\u5168\u6392\u5217\u95ee\u9898\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u672c\u9898\u96c6\u5408\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u65e0\u9650\u6b21\u9009\u53d6\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u65e0\u987b\u501f\u52a9 selected \u5e03\u5c14\u5217\u8868\u6765\u8bb0\u5f55\u5143\u7d20\u662f\u5426\u5df2\u88ab\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u5168\u6392\u5217\u4ee3\u7801\u8fdb\u884c\u5c0f\u5e45\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u521d\u6b65\u5f97\u5230\u89e3\u9898\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig subset_sum_i_naive.py
    def backtrack(\n    state: list[int],\n    target: int,\n    total: int,\n    choices: list[int],\n    res: list[list[int]],\n):\n    \"\"\"\u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I\"\"\"\n    # \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n    if total == target:\n        res.append(list(state))\n        return\n    # \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    for i in range(len(choices)):\n        # \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u82e5\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u8d85\u8fc7 target \uff0c\u5219\u8df3\u8fc7\u8be5\u9009\u62e9\n        if total + choices[i] > target:\n            continue\n        # \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u548c total\n        state.append(choices[i])\n        # \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\n        backtrack(state, target, total + choices[i], choices, res)\n        # \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n        state.pop()\n\ndef subset_sum_i_naive(nums: list[int], target: int) -> list[list[int]]:\n    \"\"\"\u6c42\u89e3\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I\uff08\u5305\u542b\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\uff09\"\"\"\n    state = []  # \u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\uff09\n    total = 0  # \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\n    res = []  # \u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\u5217\u8868\uff09\n    backtrack(state, target, total, nums, res)\n    return res\n
    subset_sum_i_naive.cpp
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I */\nvoid backtrack(vector<int> &state, int target, int total, vector<int> &choices, vector<vector<int>> &res) {\n    // \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n    if (total == target) {\n        res.push_back(state);\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    for (size_t i = 0; i < choices.size(); i++) {\n        // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u82e5\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u8d85\u8fc7 target \uff0c\u5219\u8df3\u8fc7\u8be5\u9009\u62e9\n        if (total + choices[i] > target) {\n            continue;\n        }\n        // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u548c total\n        state.push_back(choices[i]);\n        // \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\n        backtrack(state, target, total + choices[i], choices, res);\n        // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n        state.pop_back();\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I\uff08\u5305\u542b\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\uff09 */\nvector<vector<int>> subsetSumINaive(vector<int> &nums, int target) {\n    vector<int> state;       // \u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\uff09\n    int total = 0;           // \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\n    vector<vector<int>> res; // \u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\u5217\u8868\uff09\n    backtrack(state, target, total, nums, res);\n    return res;\n}\n
    subset_sum_i_naive.java
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I */\nvoid backtrack(List<Integer> state, int target, int total, int[] choices, List<List<Integer>> res) {\n    // \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n    if (total == target) {\n        res.add(new ArrayList<>(state));\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    for (int i = 0; i < choices.length; i++) {\n        // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u82e5\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u8d85\u8fc7 target \uff0c\u5219\u8df3\u8fc7\u8be5\u9009\u62e9\n        if (total + choices[i] > target) {\n            continue;\n        }\n        // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u548c total\n        state.add(choices[i]);\n        // \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\n        backtrack(state, target, total + choices[i], choices, res);\n        // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n        state.remove(state.size() - 1);\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I\uff08\u5305\u542b\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\uff09 */\nList<List<Integer>> subsetSumINaive(int[] nums, int target) {\n    List<Integer> state = new ArrayList<>(); // \u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\uff09\n    int total = 0; // \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\n    List<List<Integer>> res = new ArrayList<>(); // \u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\u5217\u8868\uff09\n    backtrack(state, target, total, nums, res);\n    return res;\n}\n
    subset_sum_i_naive.cs
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I */\nvoid Backtrack(List<int> state, int target, int total, int[] choices, List<List<int>> res) {\n    // \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n    if (total == target) {\n        res.Add(new List<int>(state));\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    for (int i = 0; i < choices.Length; i++) {\n        // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u82e5\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u8d85\u8fc7 target \uff0c\u5219\u8df3\u8fc7\u8be5\u9009\u62e9\n        if (total + choices[i] > target) {\n            continue;\n        }\n        // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u548c total\n        state.Add(choices[i]);\n        // \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\n        Backtrack(state, target, total + choices[i], choices, res);\n        // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n        state.RemoveAt(state.Count - 1);\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I\uff08\u5305\u542b\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\uff09 */\nList<List<int>> SubsetSumINaive(int[] nums, int target) {\n    List<int> state = []; // \u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\uff09\n    int total = 0; // \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\n    List<List<int>> res = []; // \u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\u5217\u8868\uff09\n    Backtrack(state, target, total, nums, res);\n    return res;\n}\n
    subset_sum_i_naive.go
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I */\nfunc backtrackSubsetSumINaive(total, target int, state, choices *[]int, res *[][]int) {\n    // \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n    if target == total {\n        newState := append([]int{}, *state...)\n        *res = append(*res, newState)\n        return\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    for i := 0; i < len(*choices); i++ {\n        // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u82e5\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u8d85\u8fc7 target \uff0c\u5219\u8df3\u8fc7\u8be5\u9009\u62e9\n        if total+(*choices)[i] > target {\n            continue\n        }\n        // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u548c total\n        *state = append(*state, (*choices)[i])\n        // \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\n        backtrackSubsetSumINaive(total+(*choices)[i], target, state, choices, res)\n        // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n        *state = (*state)[:len(*state)-1]\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I\uff08\u5305\u542b\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\uff09 */\nfunc subsetSumINaive(nums []int, target int) [][]int {\n    state := make([]int, 0) // \u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\uff09\n    total := 0              // \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\n    res := make([][]int, 0) // \u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\u5217\u8868\uff09\n    backtrackSubsetSumINaive(total, target, &state, &nums, &res)\n    return res\n}\n
    subset_sum_i_naive.swift
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I */\nfunc backtrack(state: inout [Int], target: Int, total: Int, choices: [Int], res: inout [[Int]]) {\n    // \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n    if total == target {\n        res.append(state)\n        return\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    for i in stride(from: 0, to: choices.count, by: 1) {\n        // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u82e5\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u8d85\u8fc7 target \uff0c\u5219\u8df3\u8fc7\u8be5\u9009\u62e9\n        if total + choices[i] > target {\n            continue\n        }\n        // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u548c total\n        state.append(choices[i])\n        // \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\n        backtrack(state: &state, target: target, total: total + choices[i], choices: choices, res: &res)\n        // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n        state.removeLast()\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I\uff08\u5305\u542b\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\uff09 */\nfunc subsetSumINaive(nums: [Int], target: Int) -> [[Int]] {\n    var state: [Int] = [] // \u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\uff09\n    let total = 0 // \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\n    var res: [[Int]] = [] // \u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\u5217\u8868\uff09\n    backtrack(state: &state, target: target, total: total, choices: nums, res: &res)\n    return res\n}\n
    subset_sum_i_naive.js
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I */\nfunction backtrack(state, target, total, choices, res) {\n    // \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n    if (total === target) {\n        res.push([...state]);\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    for (let i = 0; i < choices.length; i++) {\n        // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u82e5\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u8d85\u8fc7 target \uff0c\u5219\u8df3\u8fc7\u8be5\u9009\u62e9\n        if (total + choices[i] > target) {\n            continue;\n        }\n        // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u548c total\n        state.push(choices[i]);\n        // \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\n        backtrack(state, target, total + choices[i], choices, res);\n        // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n        state.pop();\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I\uff08\u5305\u542b\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\uff09 */\nfunction subsetSumINaive(nums, target) {\n    const state = []; // \u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\uff09\n    const total = 0; // \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\n    const res = []; // \u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\u5217\u8868\uff09\n    backtrack(state, target, total, nums, res);\n    return res;\n}\n
    subset_sum_i_naive.ts
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I */\nfunction backtrack(\n    state: number[],\n    target: number,\n    total: number,\n    choices: number[],\n    res: number[][]\n): void {\n    // \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n    if (total === target) {\n        res.push([...state]);\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    for (let i = 0; i < choices.length; i++) {\n        // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u82e5\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u8d85\u8fc7 target \uff0c\u5219\u8df3\u8fc7\u8be5\u9009\u62e9\n        if (total + choices[i] > target) {\n            continue;\n        }\n        // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u548c total\n        state.push(choices[i]);\n        // \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\n        backtrack(state, target, total + choices[i], choices, res);\n        // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n        state.pop();\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I\uff08\u5305\u542b\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\uff09 */\nfunction subsetSumINaive(nums: number[], target: number): number[][] {\n    const state = []; // \u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\uff09\n    const total = 0; // \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\n    const res = []; // \u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\u5217\u8868\uff09\n    backtrack(state, target, total, nums, res);\n    return res;\n}\n
    subset_sum_i_naive.dart
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I */\nvoid backtrack(\n  List<int> state,\n  int target,\n  int total,\n  List<int> choices,\n  List<List<int>> res,\n) {\n  // \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n  if (total == target) {\n    res.add(List.from(state));\n    return;\n  }\n  // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n  for (int i = 0; i < choices.length; i++) {\n    // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u82e5\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u8d85\u8fc7 target \uff0c\u5219\u8df3\u8fc7\u8be5\u9009\u62e9\n    if (total + choices[i] > target) {\n      continue;\n    }\n    // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u548c total\n    state.add(choices[i]);\n    // \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\n    backtrack(state, target, total + choices[i], choices, res);\n    // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n    state.removeLast();\n  }\n}\n\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I\uff08\u5305\u542b\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\uff09 */\nList<List<int>> subsetSumINaive(List<int> nums, int target) {\n  List<int> state = []; // \u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\uff09\n  int total = 0; // \u5143\u7d20\u548c\n  List<List<int>> res = []; // \u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\u5217\u8868\uff09\n  backtrack(state, target, total, nums, res);\n  return res;\n}\n
    subset_sum_i_naive.rs
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I */\nfn backtrack(mut state: Vec<i32>, target: i32, total: i32, choices: &[i32], res: &mut Vec<Vec<i32>>) {\n    // \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n    if total == target {\n        res.push(state);\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    for i in 0..choices.len() {\n        // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u82e5\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u8d85\u8fc7 target \uff0c\u5219\u8df3\u8fc7\u8be5\u9009\u62e9\n        if total + choices[i] > target {\n            continue;\n        }\n        // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u548c total\n        state.push(choices[i]);\n        // \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\n        backtrack(state.clone(), target, total + choices[i], choices, res);\n        // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n        state.pop();\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I\uff08\u5305\u542b\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\uff09 */\nfn subset_sum_i_naive(nums: &[i32], target: i32) -> Vec<Vec<i32>> {\n    let state = Vec::new(); // \u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\uff09\n    let total = 0; // \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\n    let mut res = Vec::new(); // \u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\u5217\u8868\uff09\n    backtrack(state, target, total, nums, &mut res);\n    res\n}\n
    subset_sum_i_naive.c
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I */\nvoid backtrack(int target, int total, int *choices, int choicesSize) {\n    // \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n    if (total == target) {\n        for (int i = 0; i < stateSize; i++) {\n            res[resSize][i] = state[i];\n        }\n        resColSizes[resSize++] = stateSize;\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    for (int i = 0; i < choicesSize; i++) {\n        // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u82e5\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u8d85\u8fc7 target \uff0c\u5219\u8df3\u8fc7\u8be5\u9009\u62e9\n        if (total + choices[i] > target) {\n            continue;\n        }\n        // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u548c total\n        state[stateSize++] = choices[i];\n        // \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\n        backtrack(target, total + choices[i], choices, choicesSize);\n        // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n        stateSize--;\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I\uff08\u5305\u542b\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\uff09 */\nvoid subsetSumINaive(int *nums, int numsSize, int target) {\n    resSize = 0; // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u89e3\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u4e3a0\n    backtrack(target, 0, nums, numsSize);\n}\n
    subset_sum_i_naive.zig
    [class]{}-[func]{backtrack}\n\n[class]{}-[func]{subsetSumINaive}\n

    \u5411\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4ee3\u7801\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u7ec4 \\([3, 4, 5]\\) \u548c\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20 \\(9\\) \uff0c\u8f93\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c\u4e3a \\([3, 3, 3], [4, 5], [5, 4]\\) \u3002\u867d\u7136\u6210\u529f\u627e\u51fa\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u548c\u4e3a \\(9\\) \u7684\u5b50\u96c6\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u5b50\u96c6 \\([4, 5]\\) \u548c \\([5, 4]\\) \u3002

    \u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u641c\u7d22\u8fc7\u7a0b\u662f\u533a\u5206\u9009\u62e9\u987a\u5e8f\u7684\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u5b50\u96c6\u4e0d\u533a\u5206\u9009\u62e9\u987a\u5e8f\u3002\u5982\u56fe 13-10 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5148\u9009 \\(4\\) \u540e\u9009 \\(5\\) \u4e0e\u5148\u9009 \\(5\\) \u540e\u9009 \\(4\\) \u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5206\u652f\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u5e94\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u96c6\u3002

    \u56fe 13-10 \u00a0 \u5b50\u96c6\u641c\u7d22\u4e0e\u8d8a\u754c\u526a\u679d

    \u4e3a\u4e86\u53bb\u9664\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u601d\u8def\u662f\u5bf9\u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868\u8fdb\u884c\u53bb\u91cd\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u6548\u7387\u5f88\u4f4e\uff0c\u6709\u4e24\u65b9\u9762\u539f\u56e0\u3002

    • \u5f53\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u8f83\u591a\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5f53 target \u8f83\u5927\u65f6\uff0c\u641c\u7d22\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\u3002
    • \u6bd4\u8f83\u5b50\u96c6\uff08\u6570\u7ec4\uff09\u7684\u5f02\u540c\u975e\u5e38\u8017\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5148\u6392\u5e8f\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u518d\u6bd4\u8f83\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u5f02\u540c\u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_backtracking/subset_sum_problem/#2","title":"2. \u00a0 \u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\u526a\u679d","text":"

    \u6211\u4eec\u8003\u8651\u5728\u641c\u7d22\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u901a\u8fc7\u526a\u679d\u8fdb\u884c\u53bb\u91cd\u3002\u89c2\u5bdf\u56fe 13-11 \uff0c\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\u662f\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0d\u540c\u987a\u5e8f\u9009\u62e9\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u65f6\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4ee5\u4e0b\u60c5\u51b5\u3002

    1. \u5f53\u7b2c\u4e00\u8f6e\u548c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8f6e\u5206\u522b\u9009\u62e9 \\(3\\) \u548c \\(4\\) \u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u751f\u6210\u5305\u542b\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5b50\u96c6\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a \\([3, 4, \\dots]\\) \u3002
    2. \u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5f53\u7b2c\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9 \\(4\\) \u65f6\uff0c\u5219\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8f6e\u5e94\u8be5\u8df3\u8fc7 \\(3\\) \uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8be5\u9009\u62e9\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u5b50\u96c6 \\([4, 3, \\dots]\\) \u548c\u7b2c 1. \u6b65\u4e2d\u751f\u6210\u7684\u5b50\u96c6\u5b8c\u5168\u91cd\u590d\u3002

    \u5728\u641c\u7d22\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u5c42\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u90fd\u662f\u4ece\u5de6\u5230\u53f3\u88ab\u9010\u4e2a\u5c1d\u8bd5\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8d8a\u9760\u53f3\u7684\u5206\u652f\u88ab\u526a\u6389\u7684\u8d8a\u591a\u3002

    1. \u524d\u4e24\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9 \\(3\\) \u548c \\(5\\) \uff0c\u751f\u6210\u5b50\u96c6 \\([3, 5, \\dots]\\) \u3002
    2. \u524d\u4e24\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9 \\(4\\) \u548c \\(5\\) \uff0c\u751f\u6210\u5b50\u96c6 \\([4, 5, \\dots]\\) \u3002
    3. \u82e5\u7b2c\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9 \\(5\\) \uff0c\u5219\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8f6e\u5e94\u8be5\u8df3\u8fc7 \\(3\\) \u548c \\(4\\) \uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b50\u96c6 \\([5, 3, \\dots]\\) \u548c \\([5, 4, \\dots]\\) \u4e0e\u7b2c 1. \u6b65\u548c\u7b2c 2. \u6b65\u4e2d\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u5b50\u96c6\u5b8c\u5168\u91cd\u590d\u3002

    \u56fe 13-11 \u00a0 \u4e0d\u540c\u9009\u62e9\u987a\u5e8f\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6

    \u603b\u7ed3\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u7ed9\u5b9a\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u7ec4 \\([x_1, x_2, \\dots, x_n]\\) \uff0c\u8bbe\u641c\u7d22\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u5e8f\u5217\u4e3a \\([x_{i_1}, x_{i_2}, \\dots, x_{i_m}]\\) \uff0c\u5219\u8be5\u9009\u62e9\u5e8f\u5217\u9700\u8981\u6ee1\u8db3 \\(i_1 \\leq i_2 \\leq \\dots \\leq i_m\\) \uff0c\u4e0d\u6ee1\u8db3\u8be5\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u5e8f\u5217\u90fd\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u91cd\u590d\uff0c\u5e94\u5f53\u526a\u679d\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_backtracking/subset_sum_problem/#3","title":"3. \u00a0 \u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0","text":"

    \u4e3a\u5b9e\u73b0\u8be5\u526a\u679d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53d8\u91cf start \uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6307\u793a\u904d\u5386\u8d77\u59cb\u70b9\u3002\u5f53\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9 \\(x_{i}\\) \u540e\uff0c\u8bbe\u5b9a\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u4ece\u7d22\u5f15 \\(i\\) \u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u9009\u62e9\u5e8f\u5217\u6ee1\u8db3 \\(i_1 \\leq i_2 \\leq \\dots \\leq i_m\\) \uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5b50\u96c6\u552f\u4e00\u3002

    \u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u5bf9\u4ee3\u7801\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e24\u9879\u4f18\u5316\u3002

    • \u5728\u5f00\u542f\u641c\u7d22\u524d\uff0c\u5148\u5c06\u6570\u7ec4 nums \u6392\u5e8f\u3002\u5728\u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\u65f6\uff0c\u5f53\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u8d85\u8fc7 target \u65f6\u76f4\u63a5\u7ed3\u675f\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u540e\u8fb9\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u66f4\u5927\uff0c\u5176\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8d85\u8fc7 target \u3002
    • \u7701\u53bb\u5143\u7d20\u548c\u53d8\u91cf total \uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5728 target \u4e0a\u6267\u884c\u51cf\u6cd5\u6765\u7edf\u8ba1\u5143\u7d20\u548c\uff0c\u5f53 target \u7b49\u4e8e \\(0\\) \u65f6\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\u3002
    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig subset_sum_i.py
    def backtrack(\n    state: list[int], target: int, choices: list[int], start: int, res: list[list[int]]\n):\n    \"\"\"\u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I\"\"\"\n    # \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n    if target == 0:\n        res.append(list(state))\n        return\n    # \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    # \u526a\u679d\u4e8c\uff1a\u4ece start \u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u751f\u6210\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\n    for i in range(start, len(choices)):\n        # \u526a\u679d\u4e00\uff1a\u82e5\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u8d85\u8fc7 target \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u7ed3\u675f\u5faa\u73af\n        # \u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u540e\u8fb9\u5143\u7d20\u66f4\u5927\uff0c\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8d85\u8fc7 target\n        if target - choices[i] < 0:\n            break\n        # \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0 target, start\n        state.append(choices[i])\n        # \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\n        backtrack(state, target - choices[i], choices, i, res)\n        # \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n        state.pop()\n\ndef subset_sum_i(nums: list[int], target: int) -> list[list[int]]:\n    \"\"\"\u6c42\u89e3\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I\"\"\"\n    state = []  # \u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\uff09\n    nums.sort()  # \u5bf9 nums \u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\n    start = 0  # \u904d\u5386\u8d77\u59cb\u70b9\n    res = []  # \u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\u5217\u8868\uff09\n    backtrack(state, target, nums, start, res)\n    return res\n
    subset_sum_i.cpp
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I */\nvoid backtrack(vector<int> &state, int target, vector<int> &choices, int start, vector<vector<int>> &res) {\n    // \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n    if (target == 0) {\n        res.push_back(state);\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    // \u526a\u679d\u4e8c\uff1a\u4ece start \u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u751f\u6210\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\n    for (int i = start; i < choices.size(); i++) {\n        // \u526a\u679d\u4e00\uff1a\u82e5\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u8d85\u8fc7 target \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u7ed3\u675f\u5faa\u73af\n        // \u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u540e\u8fb9\u5143\u7d20\u66f4\u5927\uff0c\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8d85\u8fc7 target\n        if (target - choices[i] < 0) {\n            break;\n        }\n        // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0 target, start\n        state.push_back(choices[i]);\n        // \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\n        backtrack(state, target - choices[i], choices, i, res);\n        // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n        state.pop_back();\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I */\nvector<vector<int>> subsetSumI(vector<int> &nums, int target) {\n    vector<int> state;              // \u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\uff09\n    sort(nums.begin(), nums.end()); // \u5bf9 nums \u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\n    int start = 0;                  // \u904d\u5386\u8d77\u59cb\u70b9\n    vector<vector<int>> res;        // \u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\u5217\u8868\uff09\n    backtrack(state, target, nums, start, res);\n    return res;\n}\n
    subset_sum_i.java
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I */\nvoid backtrack(List<Integer> state, int target, int[] choices, int start, List<List<Integer>> res) {\n    // \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n    if (target == 0) {\n        res.add(new ArrayList<>(state));\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    // \u526a\u679d\u4e8c\uff1a\u4ece start \u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u751f\u6210\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\n    for (int i = start; i < choices.length; i++) {\n        // \u526a\u679d\u4e00\uff1a\u82e5\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u8d85\u8fc7 target \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u7ed3\u675f\u5faa\u73af\n        // \u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u540e\u8fb9\u5143\u7d20\u66f4\u5927\uff0c\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8d85\u8fc7 target\n        if (target - choices[i] < 0) {\n            break;\n        }\n        // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0 target, start\n        state.add(choices[i]);\n        // \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\n        backtrack(state, target - choices[i], choices, i, res);\n        // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n        state.remove(state.size() - 1);\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I */\nList<List<Integer>> subsetSumI(int[] nums, int target) {\n    List<Integer> state = new ArrayList<>(); // \u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\uff09\n    Arrays.sort(nums); // \u5bf9 nums \u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\n    int start = 0; // \u904d\u5386\u8d77\u59cb\u70b9\n    List<List<Integer>> res = new ArrayList<>(); // \u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\u5217\u8868\uff09\n    backtrack(state, target, nums, start, res);\n    return res;\n}\n
    subset_sum_i.cs
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I */\nvoid Backtrack(List<int> state, int target, int[] choices, int start, List<List<int>> res) {\n    // \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n    if (target == 0) {\n        res.Add(new List<int>(state));\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    // \u526a\u679d\u4e8c\uff1a\u4ece start \u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u751f\u6210\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\n    for (int i = start; i < choices.Length; i++) {\n        // \u526a\u679d\u4e00\uff1a\u82e5\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u8d85\u8fc7 target \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u7ed3\u675f\u5faa\u73af\n        // \u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u540e\u8fb9\u5143\u7d20\u66f4\u5927\uff0c\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8d85\u8fc7 target\n        if (target - choices[i] < 0) {\n            break;\n        }\n        // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0 target, start\n        state.Add(choices[i]);\n        // \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\n        Backtrack(state, target - choices[i], choices, i, res);\n        // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n        state.RemoveAt(state.Count - 1);\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I */\nList<List<int>> SubsetSumI(int[] nums, int target) {\n    List<int> state = []; // \u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\uff09\n    Array.Sort(nums); // \u5bf9 nums \u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\n    int start = 0; // \u904d\u5386\u8d77\u59cb\u70b9\n    List<List<int>> res = []; // \u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\u5217\u8868\uff09\n    Backtrack(state, target, nums, start, res);\n    return res;\n}\n
    subset_sum_i.go
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I */\nfunc backtrackSubsetSumI(start, target int, state, choices *[]int, res *[][]int) {\n    // \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n    if target == 0 {\n        newState := append([]int{}, *state...)\n        *res = append(*res, newState)\n        return\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    // \u526a\u679d\u4e8c\uff1a\u4ece start \u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u751f\u6210\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\n    for i := start; i < len(*choices); i++ {\n        // \u526a\u679d\u4e00\uff1a\u82e5\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u8d85\u8fc7 target \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u7ed3\u675f\u5faa\u73af\n        // \u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u540e\u8fb9\u5143\u7d20\u66f4\u5927\uff0c\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8d85\u8fc7 target\n        if target-(*choices)[i] < 0 {\n            break\n        }\n        // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0 target, start\n        *state = append(*state, (*choices)[i])\n        // \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\n        backtrackSubsetSumI(i, target-(*choices)[i], state, choices, res)\n        // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n        *state = (*state)[:len(*state)-1]\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I */\nfunc subsetSumI(nums []int, target int) [][]int {\n    state := make([]int, 0) // \u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\uff09\n    sort.Ints(nums)         // \u5bf9 nums \u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\n    start := 0              // \u904d\u5386\u8d77\u59cb\u70b9\n    res := make([][]int, 0) // \u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\u5217\u8868\uff09\n    backtrackSubsetSumI(start, target, &state, &nums, &res)\n    return res\n}\n
    subset_sum_i.swift
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I */\nfunc backtrack(state: inout [Int], target: Int, choices: [Int], start: Int, res: inout [[Int]]) {\n    // \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n    if target == 0 {\n        res.append(state)\n        return\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    // \u526a\u679d\u4e8c\uff1a\u4ece start \u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u751f\u6210\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\n    for i in stride(from: start, to: choices.count, by: 1) {\n        // \u526a\u679d\u4e00\uff1a\u82e5\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u8d85\u8fc7 target \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u7ed3\u675f\u5faa\u73af\n        // \u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u540e\u8fb9\u5143\u7d20\u66f4\u5927\uff0c\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8d85\u8fc7 target\n        if target - choices[i] < 0 {\n            break\n        }\n        // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0 target, start\n        state.append(choices[i])\n        // \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\n        backtrack(state: &state, target: target - choices[i], choices: choices, start: i, res: &res)\n        // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n        state.removeLast()\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I */\nfunc subsetSumI(nums: [Int], target: Int) -> [[Int]] {\n    var state: [Int] = [] // \u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\uff09\n    let nums = nums.sorted() // \u5bf9 nums \u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\n    let start = 0 // \u904d\u5386\u8d77\u59cb\u70b9\n    var res: [[Int]] = [] // \u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\u5217\u8868\uff09\n    backtrack(state: &state, target: target, choices: nums, start: start, res: &res)\n    return res\n}\n
    subset_sum_i.js
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I */\nfunction backtrack(state, target, choices, start, res) {\n    // \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n    if (target === 0) {\n        res.push([...state]);\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    // \u526a\u679d\u4e8c\uff1a\u4ece start \u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u751f\u6210\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\n    for (let i = start; i < choices.length; i++) {\n        // \u526a\u679d\u4e00\uff1a\u82e5\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u8d85\u8fc7 target \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u7ed3\u675f\u5faa\u73af\n        // \u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u540e\u8fb9\u5143\u7d20\u66f4\u5927\uff0c\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8d85\u8fc7 target\n        if (target - choices[i] < 0) {\n            break;\n        }\n        // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0 target, start\n        state.push(choices[i]);\n        // \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\n        backtrack(state, target - choices[i], choices, i, res);\n        // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n        state.pop();\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I */\nfunction subsetSumI(nums, target) {\n    const state = []; // \u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\uff09\n    nums.sort((a, b) => a - b); // \u5bf9 nums \u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\n    const start = 0; // \u904d\u5386\u8d77\u59cb\u70b9\n    const res = []; // \u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\u5217\u8868\uff09\n    backtrack(state, target, nums, start, res);\n    return res;\n}\n
    subset_sum_i.ts
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I */\nfunction backtrack(\n    state: number[],\n    target: number,\n    choices: number[],\n    start: number,\n    res: number[][]\n): void {\n    // \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n    if (target === 0) {\n        res.push([...state]);\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    // \u526a\u679d\u4e8c\uff1a\u4ece start \u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u751f\u6210\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\n    for (let i = start; i < choices.length; i++) {\n        // \u526a\u679d\u4e00\uff1a\u82e5\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u8d85\u8fc7 target \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u7ed3\u675f\u5faa\u73af\n        // \u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u540e\u8fb9\u5143\u7d20\u66f4\u5927\uff0c\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8d85\u8fc7 target\n        if (target - choices[i] < 0) {\n            break;\n        }\n        // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0 target, start\n        state.push(choices[i]);\n        // \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\n        backtrack(state, target - choices[i], choices, i, res);\n        // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n        state.pop();\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I */\nfunction subsetSumI(nums: number[], target: number): number[][] {\n    const state = []; // \u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\uff09\n    nums.sort((a, b) => a - b); // \u5bf9 nums \u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\n    const start = 0; // \u904d\u5386\u8d77\u59cb\u70b9\n    const res = []; // \u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\u5217\u8868\uff09\n    backtrack(state, target, nums, start, res);\n    return res;\n}\n
    subset_sum_i.dart
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I */\nvoid backtrack(\n  List<int> state,\n  int target,\n  List<int> choices,\n  int start,\n  List<List<int>> res,\n) {\n  // \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n  if (target == 0) {\n    res.add(List.from(state));\n    return;\n  }\n  // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n  // \u526a\u679d\u4e8c\uff1a\u4ece start \u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u751f\u6210\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\n  for (int i = start; i < choices.length; i++) {\n    // \u526a\u679d\u4e00\uff1a\u82e5\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u8d85\u8fc7 target \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u7ed3\u675f\u5faa\u73af\n    // \u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u540e\u8fb9\u5143\u7d20\u66f4\u5927\uff0c\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8d85\u8fc7 target\n    if (target - choices[i] < 0) {\n      break;\n    }\n    // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0 target, start\n    state.add(choices[i]);\n    // \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\n    backtrack(state, target - choices[i], choices, i, res);\n    // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n    state.removeLast();\n  }\n}\n\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I */\nList<List<int>> subsetSumI(List<int> nums, int target) {\n  List<int> state = []; // \u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\uff09\n  nums.sort(); // \u5bf9 nums \u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\n  int start = 0; // \u904d\u5386\u8d77\u59cb\u70b9\n  List<List<int>> res = []; // \u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\u5217\u8868\uff09\n  backtrack(state, target, nums, start, res);\n  return res;\n}\n
    subset_sum_i.rs
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I */\nfn backtrack(mut state: Vec<i32>, target: i32, choices: &[i32], start: usize, res: &mut Vec<Vec<i32>>) {\n    // \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n    if target == 0 {\n        res.push(state);\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    // \u526a\u679d\u4e8c\uff1a\u4ece start \u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u751f\u6210\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\n    for i in start..choices.len() {\n        // \u526a\u679d\u4e00\uff1a\u82e5\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u8d85\u8fc7 target \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u7ed3\u675f\u5faa\u73af\n        // \u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u540e\u8fb9\u5143\u7d20\u66f4\u5927\uff0c\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8d85\u8fc7 target\n        if target - choices[i] < 0 {\n            break;\n        }\n        // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0 target, start\n        state.push(choices[i]);\n        // \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\n        backtrack(state.clone(), target - choices[i], choices, i, res);\n        // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n        state.pop();\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I */\nfn subset_sum_i(nums: &mut [i32], target: i32) -> Vec<Vec<i32>> {\n    let state = Vec::new(); // \u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\uff09\n    nums.sort(); // \u5bf9 nums \u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\n    let start = 0; // \u904d\u5386\u8d77\u59cb\u70b9\n    let mut res = Vec::new(); // \u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\u5217\u8868\uff09\n    backtrack(state, target, nums, start, &mut res);\n    res\n}\n
    subset_sum_i.c
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I */\nvoid backtrack(int target, int *choices, int choicesSize, int start) {\n    // \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n    if (target == 0) {\n        for (int i = 0; i < stateSize; ++i) {\n            res[resSize][i] = state[i];\n        }\n        resColSizes[resSize++] = stateSize;\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    // \u526a\u679d\u4e8c\uff1a\u4ece start \u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u751f\u6210\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\n    for (int i = start; i < choicesSize; i++) {\n        // \u526a\u679d\u4e00\uff1a\u82e5\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u8d85\u8fc7 target \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u7ed3\u675f\u5faa\u73af\n        // \u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u540e\u8fb9\u5143\u7d20\u66f4\u5927\uff0c\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8d85\u8fc7 target\n        if (target - choices[i] < 0) {\n            break;\n        }\n        // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0 target, start\n        state[stateSize] = choices[i];\n        stateSize++;\n        // \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\n        backtrack(target - choices[i], choices, choicesSize, i);\n        // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n        stateSize--;\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I */\nvoid subsetSumI(int *nums, int numsSize, int target) {\n    qsort(nums, numsSize, sizeof(int), cmp); // \u5bf9 nums \u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\n    int start = 0;                           // \u904d\u5386\u8d77\u59cb\u70b9\n    backtrack(target, nums, numsSize, start);\n}\n
    subset_sum_i.zig
    [class]{}-[func]{backtrack}\n\n[class]{}-[func]{subsetSumI}\n

    \u56fe 13-12 \u6240\u793a\u4e3a\u5c06\u6570\u7ec4 \\([3, 4, 5]\\) \u548c\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20 \\(9\\) \u8f93\u5165\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4ee3\u7801\u540e\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u56de\u6eaf\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002

    \u56fe 13-12 \u00a0 \u5b50\u96c6\u548c I \u56de\u6eaf\u8fc7\u7a0b

    "},{"location":"chapter_backtracking/subset_sum_problem/#1332","title":"13.3.2 \u00a0 \u8003\u8651\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u60c5\u51b5","text":"

    Question

    \u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b63\u6574\u6570\u6570\u7ec4 nums \u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u6b63\u6574\u6570 target \uff0c\u8bf7\u627e\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u7ec4\u5408\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e target \u3002\u7ed9\u5b9a\u6570\u7ec4\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u542b\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u53ea\u53ef\u88ab\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u6b21\u3002\u8bf7\u4ee5\u5217\u8868\u5f62\u5f0f\u8fd4\u56de\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ec4\u5408\uff0c\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5e94\u5305\u542b\u91cd\u590d\u7ec4\u5408\u3002

    \u76f8\u6bd4\u4e8e\u4e0a\u9898\uff0c\u672c\u9898\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u7ec4\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u542b\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd9\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7ed9\u5b9a\u6570\u7ec4 \\([4, \\hat{4}, 5]\\) \u548c\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20 \\(9\\) \uff0c\u5219\u73b0\u6709\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c\u4e3a \\([4, 5], [\\hat{4}, 5]\\) \uff0c\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\u3002

    \u9020\u6210\u8fd9\u79cd\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\u5728\u67d0\u8f6e\u4e2d\u88ab\u591a\u6b21\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u5728\u56fe 13-13 \u4e2d\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u8f6e\u5171\u6709\u4e09\u4e2a\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e24\u4e2a\u90fd\u4e3a \\(4\\) \uff0c\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u4e24\u4e2a\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u641c\u7d22\u5206\u652f\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u8f93\u51fa\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\uff1b\u540c\u7406\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8f6e\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a \\(4\\) \u4e5f\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\u3002

    \u56fe 13-13 \u00a0 \u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6

    "},{"location":"chapter_backtracking/subset_sum_problem/#1_1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\u526a\u679d","text":"

    \u4e3a\u89e3\u51b3\u6b64\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u9650\u5236\u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\u5728\u6bcf\u4e00\u8f6e\u4e2d\u53ea\u80fd\u88ab\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u6b21\u3002\u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u5f0f\u6bd4\u8f83\u5de7\u5999\uff1a\u7531\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u662f\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u662f\u76f8\u90bb\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5728\u67d0\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\u4e2d\uff0c\u82e5\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5176\u5de6\u8fb9\u5143\u7d20\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u5219\u8bf4\u660e\u5b83\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u9009\u62e9\u8fc7\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u3002

    \u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u672c\u9898\u89c4\u5b9a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u53ea\u80fd\u88ab\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u6b21\u3002\u5e78\u8fd0\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u53d8\u91cf start \u6765\u6ee1\u8db3\u8be5\u7ea6\u675f\uff1a\u5f53\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9 \\(x_{i}\\) \u540e\uff0c\u8bbe\u5b9a\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u4ece\u7d22\u5f15 \\(i + 1\\) \u5f00\u59cb\u5411\u540e\u904d\u5386\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u65e2\u80fd\u53bb\u9664\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\uff0c\u4e5f\u80fd\u907f\u514d\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u5143\u7d20\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_backtracking/subset_sum_problem/#2_1","title":"2. \u00a0 \u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0","text":"PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig subset_sum_ii.py
    def backtrack(\n    state: list[int], target: int, choices: list[int], start: int, res: list[list[int]]\n):\n    \"\"\"\u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5b50\u96c6\u548c II\"\"\"\n    # \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n    if target == 0:\n        res.append(list(state))\n        return\n    # \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    # \u526a\u679d\u4e8c\uff1a\u4ece start \u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u751f\u6210\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\n    # \u526a\u679d\u4e09\uff1a\u4ece start \u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u540c\u4e00\u5143\u7d20\n    for i in range(start, len(choices)):\n        # \u526a\u679d\u4e00\uff1a\u82e5\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u8d85\u8fc7 target \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u7ed3\u675f\u5faa\u73af\n        # \u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u540e\u8fb9\u5143\u7d20\u66f4\u5927\uff0c\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8d85\u8fc7 target\n        if target - choices[i] < 0:\n            break\n        # \u526a\u679d\u56db\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5de6\u8fb9\u5143\u7d20\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u8be5\u641c\u7d22\u5206\u652f\u91cd\u590d\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7\n        if i > start and choices[i] == choices[i - 1]:\n            continue\n        # \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0 target, start\n        state.append(choices[i])\n        # \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\n        backtrack(state, target - choices[i], choices, i + 1, res)\n        # \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n        state.pop()\n\ndef subset_sum_ii(nums: list[int], target: int) -> list[list[int]]:\n    \"\"\"\u6c42\u89e3\u5b50\u96c6\u548c II\"\"\"\n    state = []  # \u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\uff09\n    nums.sort()  # \u5bf9 nums \u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\n    start = 0  # \u904d\u5386\u8d77\u59cb\u70b9\n    res = []  # \u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\u5217\u8868\uff09\n    backtrack(state, target, nums, start, res)\n    return res\n
    subset_sum_ii.cpp
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5b50\u96c6\u548c II */\nvoid backtrack(vector<int> &state, int target, vector<int> &choices, int start, vector<vector<int>> &res) {\n    // \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n    if (target == 0) {\n        res.push_back(state);\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    // \u526a\u679d\u4e8c\uff1a\u4ece start \u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u751f\u6210\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\n    // \u526a\u679d\u4e09\uff1a\u4ece start \u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u540c\u4e00\u5143\u7d20\n    for (int i = start; i < choices.size(); i++) {\n        // \u526a\u679d\u4e00\uff1a\u82e5\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u8d85\u8fc7 target \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u7ed3\u675f\u5faa\u73af\n        // \u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u540e\u8fb9\u5143\u7d20\u66f4\u5927\uff0c\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8d85\u8fc7 target\n        if (target - choices[i] < 0) {\n            break;\n        }\n        // \u526a\u679d\u56db\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5de6\u8fb9\u5143\u7d20\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u8be5\u641c\u7d22\u5206\u652f\u91cd\u590d\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7\n        if (i > start && choices[i] == choices[i - 1]) {\n            continue;\n        }\n        // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0 target, start\n        state.push_back(choices[i]);\n        // \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\n        backtrack(state, target - choices[i], choices, i + 1, res);\n        // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n        state.pop_back();\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u5b50\u96c6\u548c II */\nvector<vector<int>> subsetSumII(vector<int> &nums, int target) {\n    vector<int> state;              // \u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\uff09\n    sort(nums.begin(), nums.end()); // \u5bf9 nums \u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\n    int start = 0;                  // \u904d\u5386\u8d77\u59cb\u70b9\n    vector<vector<int>> res;        // \u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\u5217\u8868\uff09\n    backtrack(state, target, nums, start, res);\n    return res;\n}\n
    subset_sum_ii.java
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5b50\u96c6\u548c II */\nvoid backtrack(List<Integer> state, int target, int[] choices, int start, List<List<Integer>> res) {\n    // \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n    if (target == 0) {\n        res.add(new ArrayList<>(state));\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    // \u526a\u679d\u4e8c\uff1a\u4ece start \u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u751f\u6210\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\n    // \u526a\u679d\u4e09\uff1a\u4ece start \u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u540c\u4e00\u5143\u7d20\n    for (int i = start; i < choices.length; i++) {\n        // \u526a\u679d\u4e00\uff1a\u82e5\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u8d85\u8fc7 target \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u7ed3\u675f\u5faa\u73af\n        // \u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u540e\u8fb9\u5143\u7d20\u66f4\u5927\uff0c\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8d85\u8fc7 target\n        if (target - choices[i] < 0) {\n            break;\n        }\n        // \u526a\u679d\u56db\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5de6\u8fb9\u5143\u7d20\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u8be5\u641c\u7d22\u5206\u652f\u91cd\u590d\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7\n        if (i > start && choices[i] == choices[i - 1]) {\n            continue;\n        }\n        // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0 target, start\n        state.add(choices[i]);\n        // \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\n        backtrack(state, target - choices[i], choices, i + 1, res);\n        // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n        state.remove(state.size() - 1);\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u5b50\u96c6\u548c II */\nList<List<Integer>> subsetSumII(int[] nums, int target) {\n    List<Integer> state = new ArrayList<>(); // \u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\uff09\n    Arrays.sort(nums); // \u5bf9 nums \u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\n    int start = 0; // \u904d\u5386\u8d77\u59cb\u70b9\n    List<List<Integer>> res = new ArrayList<>(); // \u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\u5217\u8868\uff09\n    backtrack(state, target, nums, start, res);\n    return res;\n}\n
    subset_sum_ii.cs
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5b50\u96c6\u548c II */\nvoid Backtrack(List<int> state, int target, int[] choices, int start, List<List<int>> res) {\n    // \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n    if (target == 0) {\n        res.Add(new List<int>(state));\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    // \u526a\u679d\u4e8c\uff1a\u4ece start \u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u751f\u6210\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\n    // \u526a\u679d\u4e09\uff1a\u4ece start \u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u540c\u4e00\u5143\u7d20\n    for (int i = start; i < choices.Length; i++) {\n        // \u526a\u679d\u4e00\uff1a\u82e5\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u8d85\u8fc7 target \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u7ed3\u675f\u5faa\u73af\n        // \u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u540e\u8fb9\u5143\u7d20\u66f4\u5927\uff0c\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8d85\u8fc7 target\n        if (target - choices[i] < 0) {\n            break;\n        }\n        // \u526a\u679d\u56db\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5de6\u8fb9\u5143\u7d20\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u8be5\u641c\u7d22\u5206\u652f\u91cd\u590d\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7\n        if (i > start && choices[i] == choices[i - 1]) {\n            continue;\n        }\n        // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0 target, start\n        state.Add(choices[i]);\n        // \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\n        Backtrack(state, target - choices[i], choices, i + 1, res);\n        // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n        state.RemoveAt(state.Count - 1);\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u5b50\u96c6\u548c II */\nList<List<int>> SubsetSumII(int[] nums, int target) {\n    List<int> state = []; // \u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\uff09\n    Array.Sort(nums); // \u5bf9 nums \u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\n    int start = 0; // \u904d\u5386\u8d77\u59cb\u70b9\n    List<List<int>> res = []; // \u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\u5217\u8868\uff09\n    Backtrack(state, target, nums, start, res);\n    return res;\n}\n
    subset_sum_ii.go
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5b50\u96c6\u548c II */\nfunc backtrackSubsetSumII(start, target int, state, choices *[]int, res *[][]int) {\n    // \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n    if target == 0 {\n        newState := append([]int{}, *state...)\n        *res = append(*res, newState)\n        return\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    // \u526a\u679d\u4e8c\uff1a\u4ece start \u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u751f\u6210\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\n    // \u526a\u679d\u4e09\uff1a\u4ece start \u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u540c\u4e00\u5143\u7d20\n    for i := start; i < len(*choices); i++ {\n        // \u526a\u679d\u4e00\uff1a\u82e5\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u8d85\u8fc7 target \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u7ed3\u675f\u5faa\u73af\n        // \u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u540e\u8fb9\u5143\u7d20\u66f4\u5927\uff0c\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8d85\u8fc7 target\n        if target-(*choices)[i] < 0 {\n            break\n        }\n        // \u526a\u679d\u56db\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5de6\u8fb9\u5143\u7d20\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u8be5\u641c\u7d22\u5206\u652f\u91cd\u590d\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7\n        if i > start && (*choices)[i] == (*choices)[i-1] {\n            continue\n        }\n        // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0 target, start\n        *state = append(*state, (*choices)[i])\n        // \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\n        backtrackSubsetSumII(i+1, target-(*choices)[i], state, choices, res)\n        // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n        *state = (*state)[:len(*state)-1]\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u5b50\u96c6\u548c II */\nfunc subsetSumII(nums []int, target int) [][]int {\n    state := make([]int, 0) // \u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\uff09\n    sort.Ints(nums)         // \u5bf9 nums \u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\n    start := 0              // \u904d\u5386\u8d77\u59cb\u70b9\n    res := make([][]int, 0) // \u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\u5217\u8868\uff09\n    backtrackSubsetSumII(start, target, &state, &nums, &res)\n    return res\n}\n
    subset_sum_ii.swift
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5b50\u96c6\u548c II */\nfunc backtrack(state: inout [Int], target: Int, choices: [Int], start: Int, res: inout [[Int]]) {\n    // \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n    if target == 0 {\n        res.append(state)\n        return\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    // \u526a\u679d\u4e8c\uff1a\u4ece start \u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u751f\u6210\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\n    // \u526a\u679d\u4e09\uff1a\u4ece start \u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u540c\u4e00\u5143\u7d20\n    for i in stride(from: start, to: choices.count, by: 1) {\n        // \u526a\u679d\u4e00\uff1a\u82e5\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u8d85\u8fc7 target \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u7ed3\u675f\u5faa\u73af\n        // \u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u540e\u8fb9\u5143\u7d20\u66f4\u5927\uff0c\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8d85\u8fc7 target\n        if target - choices[i] < 0 {\n            break\n        }\n        // \u526a\u679d\u56db\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5de6\u8fb9\u5143\u7d20\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u8be5\u641c\u7d22\u5206\u652f\u91cd\u590d\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7\n        if i > start, choices[i] == choices[i - 1] {\n            continue\n        }\n        // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0 target, start\n        state.append(choices[i])\n        // \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\n        backtrack(state: &state, target: target - choices[i], choices: choices, start: i + 1, res: &res)\n        // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n        state.removeLast()\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u5b50\u96c6\u548c II */\nfunc subsetSumII(nums: [Int], target: Int) -> [[Int]] {\n    var state: [Int] = [] // \u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\uff09\n    let nums = nums.sorted() // \u5bf9 nums \u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\n    let start = 0 // \u904d\u5386\u8d77\u59cb\u70b9\n    var res: [[Int]] = [] // \u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\u5217\u8868\uff09\n    backtrack(state: &state, target: target, choices: nums, start: start, res: &res)\n    return res\n}\n
    subset_sum_ii.js
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5b50\u96c6\u548c II */\nfunction backtrack(state, target, choices, start, res) {\n    // \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n    if (target === 0) {\n        res.push([...state]);\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    // \u526a\u679d\u4e8c\uff1a\u4ece start \u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u751f\u6210\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\n    // \u526a\u679d\u4e09\uff1a\u4ece start \u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u540c\u4e00\u5143\u7d20\n    for (let i = start; i < choices.length; i++) {\n        // \u526a\u679d\u4e00\uff1a\u82e5\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u8d85\u8fc7 target \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u7ed3\u675f\u5faa\u73af\n        // \u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u540e\u8fb9\u5143\u7d20\u66f4\u5927\uff0c\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8d85\u8fc7 target\n        if (target - choices[i] < 0) {\n            break;\n        }\n        // \u526a\u679d\u56db\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5de6\u8fb9\u5143\u7d20\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u8be5\u641c\u7d22\u5206\u652f\u91cd\u590d\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7\n        if (i > start && choices[i] === choices[i - 1]) {\n            continue;\n        }\n        // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0 target, start\n        state.push(choices[i]);\n        // \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\n        backtrack(state, target - choices[i], choices, i + 1, res);\n        // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n        state.pop();\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u5b50\u96c6\u548c II */\nfunction subsetSumII(nums, target) {\n    const state = []; // \u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\uff09\n    nums.sort((a, b) => a - b); // \u5bf9 nums \u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\n    const start = 0; // \u904d\u5386\u8d77\u59cb\u70b9\n    const res = []; // \u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\u5217\u8868\uff09\n    backtrack(state, target, nums, start, res);\n    return res;\n}\n
    subset_sum_ii.ts
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5b50\u96c6\u548c II */\nfunction backtrack(\n    state: number[],\n    target: number,\n    choices: number[],\n    start: number,\n    res: number[][]\n): void {\n    // \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n    if (target === 0) {\n        res.push([...state]);\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    // \u526a\u679d\u4e8c\uff1a\u4ece start \u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u751f\u6210\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\n    // \u526a\u679d\u4e09\uff1a\u4ece start \u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u540c\u4e00\u5143\u7d20\n    for (let i = start; i < choices.length; i++) {\n        // \u526a\u679d\u4e00\uff1a\u82e5\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u8d85\u8fc7 target \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u7ed3\u675f\u5faa\u73af\n        // \u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u540e\u8fb9\u5143\u7d20\u66f4\u5927\uff0c\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8d85\u8fc7 target\n        if (target - choices[i] < 0) {\n            break;\n        }\n        // \u526a\u679d\u56db\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5de6\u8fb9\u5143\u7d20\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u8be5\u641c\u7d22\u5206\u652f\u91cd\u590d\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7\n        if (i > start && choices[i] === choices[i - 1]) {\n            continue;\n        }\n        // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0 target, start\n        state.push(choices[i]);\n        // \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\n        backtrack(state, target - choices[i], choices, i + 1, res);\n        // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n        state.pop();\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u5b50\u96c6\u548c II */\nfunction subsetSumII(nums: number[], target: number): number[][] {\n    const state = []; // \u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\uff09\n    nums.sort((a, b) => a - b); // \u5bf9 nums \u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\n    const start = 0; // \u904d\u5386\u8d77\u59cb\u70b9\n    const res = []; // \u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\u5217\u8868\uff09\n    backtrack(state, target, nums, start, res);\n    return res;\n}\n
    subset_sum_ii.dart
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5b50\u96c6\u548c II */\nvoid backtrack(\n  List<int> state,\n  int target,\n  List<int> choices,\n  int start,\n  List<List<int>> res,\n) {\n  // \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n  if (target == 0) {\n    res.add(List.from(state));\n    return;\n  }\n  // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n  // \u526a\u679d\u4e8c\uff1a\u4ece start \u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u751f\u6210\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\n  // \u526a\u679d\u4e09\uff1a\u4ece start \u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u540c\u4e00\u5143\u7d20\n  for (int i = start; i < choices.length; i++) {\n    // \u526a\u679d\u4e00\uff1a\u82e5\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u8d85\u8fc7 target \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u7ed3\u675f\u5faa\u73af\n    // \u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u540e\u8fb9\u5143\u7d20\u66f4\u5927\uff0c\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8d85\u8fc7 target\n    if (target - choices[i] < 0) {\n      break;\n    }\n    // \u526a\u679d\u56db\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5de6\u8fb9\u5143\u7d20\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u8be5\u641c\u7d22\u5206\u652f\u91cd\u590d\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7\n    if (i > start && choices[i] == choices[i - 1]) {\n      continue;\n    }\n    // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0 target, start\n    state.add(choices[i]);\n    // \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\n    backtrack(state, target - choices[i], choices, i + 1, res);\n    // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n    state.removeLast();\n  }\n}\n\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u5b50\u96c6\u548c II */\nList<List<int>> subsetSumII(List<int> nums, int target) {\n  List<int> state = []; // \u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\uff09\n  nums.sort(); // \u5bf9 nums \u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\n  int start = 0; // \u904d\u5386\u8d77\u59cb\u70b9\n  List<List<int>> res = []; // \u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\u5217\u8868\uff09\n  backtrack(state, target, nums, start, res);\n  return res;\n}\n
    subset_sum_ii.rs
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5b50\u96c6\u548c II */\nfn backtrack(mut state: Vec<i32>, target: i32, choices: &[i32], start: usize, res: &mut Vec<Vec<i32>>) {\n    // \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n    if target == 0 {\n        res.push(state);\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    // \u526a\u679d\u4e8c\uff1a\u4ece start \u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u751f\u6210\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\n    // \u526a\u679d\u4e09\uff1a\u4ece start \u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u540c\u4e00\u5143\u7d20\n    for i in start..choices.len() {\n        // \u526a\u679d\u4e00\uff1a\u82e5\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u8d85\u8fc7 target \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u7ed3\u675f\u5faa\u73af\n        // \u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u540e\u8fb9\u5143\u7d20\u66f4\u5927\uff0c\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8d85\u8fc7 target\n        if target - choices[i] < 0 {\n            break;\n        }\n        // \u526a\u679d\u56db\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5de6\u8fb9\u5143\u7d20\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u8be5\u641c\u7d22\u5206\u652f\u91cd\u590d\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7\n        if i > start && choices[i] == choices[i - 1] {\n            continue;\n        }\n        // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0 target, start\n        state.push(choices[i]);\n        // \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\n        backtrack(state.clone(), target - choices[i], choices, i, res);\n        // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n        state.pop();\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u5b50\u96c6\u548c II */\nfn subset_sum_ii(nums: &mut [i32], target: i32) -> Vec<Vec<i32>> {\n    let state = Vec::new(); // \u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\uff09\n    nums.sort(); // \u5bf9 nums \u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\n    let start = 0; // \u904d\u5386\u8d77\u59cb\u70b9\n    let mut res = Vec::new(); // \u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\u5217\u8868\uff09\n    backtrack(state, target, nums, start, &mut res);\n    res\n}\n
    subset_sum_ii.c
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5b50\u96c6\u548c II */\nvoid backtrack(int target, int *choices, int choicesSize, int start) {\n    // \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n    if (target == 0) {\n        for (int i = 0; i < stateSize; i++) {\n            res[resSize][i] = state[i];\n        }\n        resColSizes[resSize++] = stateSize;\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    // \u526a\u679d\u4e8c\uff1a\u4ece start \u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u751f\u6210\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\n    // \u526a\u679d\u4e09\uff1a\u4ece start \u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u540c\u4e00\u5143\u7d20\n    for (int i = start; i < choicesSize; i++) {\n        // \u526a\u679d\u4e00\uff1a\u82e5\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u8d85\u8fc7 target \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7\n        if (target - choices[i] < 0) {\n            continue;\n        }\n        // \u526a\u679d\u56db\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5de6\u8fb9\u5143\u7d20\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u8be5\u641c\u7d22\u5206\u652f\u91cd\u590d\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7\n        if (i > start && choices[i] == choices[i - 1]) {\n            continue;\n        }\n        // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0 target, start\n        state[stateSize] = choices[i];\n        stateSize++;\n        // \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\n        backtrack(target - choices[i], choices, choicesSize, i + 1);\n        // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n        stateSize--;\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u5b50\u96c6\u548c II */\nvoid subsetSumII(int *nums, int numsSize, int target) {\n    // \u5bf9 nums \u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\n    qsort(nums, numsSize, sizeof(int), cmp);\n    // \u5f00\u59cb\u56de\u6eaf\n    backtrack(target, nums, numsSize, 0);\n}\n
    subset_sum_ii.zig
    [class]{}-[func]{backtrack}\n\n[class]{}-[func]{subsetSumII}\n

    \u56fe 13-14 \u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u6570\u7ec4 \\([4, 4, 5]\\) \u548c\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20 \\(9\\) \u7684\u56de\u6eaf\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5171\u5305\u542b\u56db\u79cd\u526a\u679d\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u8bf7\u4f60\u5c06\u56fe\u793a\u4e0e\u4ee3\u7801\u6ce8\u91ca\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u7406\u89e3\u6574\u4e2a\u641c\u7d22\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6bcf\u79cd\u526a\u679d\u64cd\u4f5c\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u3002

    \u56fe 13-14 \u00a0 \u5b50\u96c6\u548c II \u56de\u6eaf\u8fc7\u7a0b

    "},{"location":"chapter_backtracking/summary/","title":"13.5 \u00a0 \u5c0f\u7ed3","text":""},{"location":"chapter_backtracking/summary/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u91cd\u70b9\u56de\u987e","text":"
    • \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\u672c\u8d28\u662f\u7a77\u4e3e\u6cd5\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u89e3\u7a7a\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c\u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386\u6765\u5bfb\u627e\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u89e3\u3002\u5728\u641c\u7d22\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u9047\u5230\u6ee1\u8db3\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u89e3\u5219\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u627e\u5230\u6240\u6709\u89e3\u6216\u904d\u5386\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\u7ed3\u675f\u3002
    • \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u641c\u7d22\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5305\u62ec\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4e0e\u56de\u9000\u4e24\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u5b83\u901a\u8fc7\u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u641c\u7d22\u6765\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5404\u79cd\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u5f53\u9047\u5230\u4e0d\u6ee1\u8db3\u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u65f6\uff0c\u5219\u64a4\u9500\u4e0a\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u9000\u56de\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5e76\u7ee7\u7eed\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5176\u4ed6\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4e0e\u56de\u9000\u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002
    • \u56de\u6eaf\u95ee\u9898\u901a\u5e38\u5305\u542b\u591a\u4e2a\u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0\u526a\u679d\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u526a\u679d\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u524d\u7ed3\u675f\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u641c\u7d22\u5206\u652f\uff0c\u5927\u5e45\u63d0\u5347\u641c\u7d22\u6548\u7387\u3002
    • \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e3b\u8981\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u89e3\u51b3\u641c\u7d22\u95ee\u9898\u548c\u7ea6\u675f\u6ee1\u8db3\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u7ec4\u5408\u4f18\u5316\u95ee\u9898\u867d\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\u89e3\u51b3\uff0c\u4f46\u5f80\u5f80\u5b58\u5728\u6548\u7387\u66f4\u9ad8\u6216\u6548\u679c\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u89e3\u6cd5\u3002
    • \u5168\u6392\u5217\u95ee\u9898\u65e8\u5728\u641c\u7d22\u7ed9\u5b9a\u96c6\u5408\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u6392\u5217\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u501f\u52a9\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\u6765\u8bb0\u5f55\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u662f\u5426\u88ab\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u526a\u6389\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u540c\u4e00\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u641c\u7d22\u5206\u652f\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u53ea\u88ab\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u6b21\u3002
    • \u5728\u5168\u6392\u5217\u95ee\u9898\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u96c6\u5408\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5219\u6700\u7ec8\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u91cd\u590d\u6392\u5217\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u7ea6\u675f\u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\u5728\u6bcf\u8f6e\u4e2d\u53ea\u80fd\u88ab\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u8fd9\u901a\u5e38\u501f\u52a9\u4e00\u4e2a\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002
    • \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u5728\u7ed9\u5b9a\u96c6\u5408\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u548c\u4e3a\u76ee\u6807\u503c\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5b50\u96c6\u3002\u96c6\u5408\u4e0d\u533a\u5206\u5143\u7d20\u987a\u5e8f\uff0c\u800c\u641c\u7d22\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4f1a\u8f93\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u987a\u5e8f\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u56de\u6eaf\u524d\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u5e76\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u6765\u6307\u793a\u6bcf\u4e00\u8f6e\u7684\u904d\u5386\u8d77\u59cb\u70b9\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5c06\u751f\u6210\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\u7684\u641c\u7d22\u5206\u652f\u8fdb\u884c\u526a\u679d\u3002
    • \u5bf9\u4e8e\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u91cd\u590d\u96c6\u5408\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5229\u7528\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u524d\u7f6e\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5224\u65ad\u76f8\u90bb\u5143\u7d20\u662f\u5426\u76f8\u7b49\u5b9e\u73b0\u526a\u679d\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u786e\u4fdd\u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\u5728\u6bcf\u8f6e\u4e2d\u53ea\u80fd\u88ab\u9009\u4e2d\u4e00\u6b21\u3002
    • \\(n\\) \u7687\u540e\u95ee\u9898\u65e8\u5728\u5bfb\u627e\u5c06 \\(n\\) \u4e2a\u7687\u540e\u653e\u7f6e\u5230 \\(n \\times n\\) \u5c3a\u5bf8\u68cb\u76d8\u4e0a\u7684\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u6240\u6709\u7687\u540e\u4e24\u4e24\u4e4b\u95f4\u65e0\u6cd5\u653b\u51fb\u5bf9\u65b9\u3002\u8be5\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6\u6709\u884c\u7ea6\u675f\u3001\u5217\u7ea6\u675f\u3001\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u548c\u6b21\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u7ea6\u675f\u3002\u4e3a\u6ee1\u8db3\u884c\u7ea6\u675f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u91c7\u7528\u6309\u884c\u653e\u7f6e\u7684\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6bcf\u4e00\u884c\u653e\u7f6e\u4e00\u4e2a\u7687\u540e\u3002
    • \u5217\u7ea6\u675f\u548c\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u7ea6\u675f\u7684\u5904\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f\u7c7b\u4f3c\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5217\u7ea6\u675f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5229\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\u6765\u8bb0\u5f55\u6bcf\u4e00\u5217\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7687\u540e\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6307\u793a\u9009\u4e2d\u7684\u683c\u5b50\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u7ea6\u675f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u501f\u52a9\u4e24\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\u6765\u5206\u522b\u8bb0\u5f55\u8be5\u4e3b\u3001\u6b21\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u4e0a\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u7687\u540e\uff1b\u96be\u70b9\u5728\u4e8e\u627e\u5904\u5728\u5230\u540c\u4e00\u4e3b\uff08\u526f\uff09\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u4e0a\u683c\u5b50\u6ee1\u8db3\u7684\u884c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u89c4\u5f8b\u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_backtracking/summary/#2-q-a","title":"2. \u00a0 Q & A","text":"

    \u600e\u4e48\u7406\u89e3\u56de\u6eaf\u548c\u9012\u5f52\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff1f

    \u603b\u7684\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u56de\u6eaf\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u7b97\u6cd5\u7b56\u7565\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u9012\u5f52\u66f4\u50cf\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u5de5\u5177\u201d\u3002

    • \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\u901a\u5e38\u57fa\u4e8e\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u56de\u6eaf\u662f\u9012\u5f52\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u662f\u9012\u5f52\u5728\u641c\u7d22\u95ee\u9898\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u3002
    • \u9012\u5f52\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u201c\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u5206\u89e3\u201d\u7684\u89e3\u9898\u8303\u5f0f\uff0c\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u89e3\u51b3\u5206\u6cbb\u3001\u56de\u6eaf\u3001\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\uff08\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u9012\u5f52\uff09\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/","title":"\u7b2c 2 \u7ae0 \u00a0 \u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5206\u6790","text":"

    Abstract

    \u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5206\u6790\u72b9\u5982\u6d69\u701a\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u5b87\u5b99\u4e2d\u7684\u65f6\u7a7a\u5411\u5bfc\u3002

    \u5b83\u5e26\u9886\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0e\u7a7a\u95f4\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ef4\u5ea6\u4e0a\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u7d22\uff0c\u5bfb\u627e\u66f4\u4f18\u96c5\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/#_1","title":"\u672c\u7ae0\u5185\u5bb9","text":"
    • 2.1 \u00a0 \u7b97\u6cd5\u6548\u7387\u8bc4\u4f30
    • 2.2 \u00a0 \u8fed\u4ee3\u4e0e\u9012\u5f52
    • 2.3 \u00a0 \u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6
    • 2.4 \u00a0 \u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6
    • 2.5 \u00a0 \u5c0f\u7ed3
    "},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/iteration_and_recursion/","title":"2.2 \u00a0 \u8fed\u4ee3\u4e0e\u9012\u5f52","text":"

    \u5728\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e2d\uff0c\u91cd\u590d\u6267\u884c\u67d0\u4e2a\u4efb\u52a1\u662f\u5f88\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0e\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5206\u6790\u606f\u606f\u76f8\u5173\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u4ecb\u7ecd\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5148\u6765\u4e86\u89e3\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\u91cd\u590d\u6267\u884c\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u5373\u4e24\u79cd\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u63a7\u5236\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a\u8fed\u4ee3\u3001\u9012\u5f52\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/iteration_and_recursion/#221","title":"2.2.1 \u00a0 \u8fed\u4ee3","text":"

    \u300c\u8fed\u4ee3 iteration\u300d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u91cd\u590d\u6267\u884c\u67d0\u4e2a\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u5728\u8fed\u4ee3\u4e2d\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4f1a\u5728\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u91cd\u590d\u6267\u884c\u67d0\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0d\u518d\u6ee1\u8db3\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/iteration_and_recursion/#1-for","title":"1. \u00a0 for \u5faa\u73af","text":"

    for \u5faa\u73af\u662f\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u8fed\u4ee3\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u5728\u9884\u5148\u77e5\u9053\u8fed\u4ee3\u6b21\u6570\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\u3002

    \u4ee5\u4e0b\u51fd\u6570\u57fa\u4e8e for \u5faa\u73af\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u6c42\u548c \\(1 + 2 + \\dots + n\\) \uff0c\u6c42\u548c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\u53d8\u91cf res \u8bb0\u5f55\u3002\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0cPython \u4e2d range(a, b) \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u533a\u95f4\u662f\u201c\u5de6\u95ed\u53f3\u5f00\u201d\u7684\uff0c\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u904d\u5386\u8303\u56f4\u4e3a \\(a, a + 1, \\dots, b-1\\) \uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig iteration.py
    def for_loop(n: int) -> int:\n    \"\"\"for \u5faa\u73af\"\"\"\n    res = 0\n    # \u5faa\u73af\u6c42\u548c 1, 2, ..., n-1, n\n    for i in range(1, n + 1):\n        res += i\n    return res\n
    iteration.cpp
    /* for \u5faa\u73af */\nint forLoop(int n) {\n    int res = 0;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u6c42\u548c 1, 2, ..., n-1, n\n    for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) {\n        res += i;\n    }\n    return res;\n}\n
    iteration.java
    /* for \u5faa\u73af */\nint forLoop(int n) {\n    int res = 0;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u6c42\u548c 1, 2, ..., n-1, n\n    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        res += i;\n    }\n    return res;\n}\n
    iteration.cs
    /* for \u5faa\u73af */\nint ForLoop(int n) {\n    int res = 0;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u6c42\u548c 1, 2, ..., n-1, n\n    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        res += i;\n    }\n    return res;\n}\n
    iteration.go
    /* for \u5faa\u73af */\nfunc forLoop(n int) int {\n    res := 0\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u6c42\u548c 1, 2, ..., n-1, n\n    for i := 1; i <= n; i++ {\n        res += i\n    }\n    return res\n}\n
    iteration.swift
    /* for \u5faa\u73af */\nfunc forLoop(n: Int) -> Int {\n    var res = 0\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u6c42\u548c 1, 2, ..., n-1, n\n    for i in 1 ... n {\n        res += i\n    }\n    return res\n}\n
    iteration.js
    /* for \u5faa\u73af */\nfunction forLoop(n) {\n    let res = 0;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u6c42\u548c 1, 2, ..., n-1, n\n    for (let i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        res += i;\n    }\n    return res;\n}\n
    iteration.ts
    /* for \u5faa\u73af */\nfunction forLoop(n: number): number {\n    let res = 0;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u6c42\u548c 1, 2, ..., n-1, n\n    for (let i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        res += i;\n    }\n    return res;\n}\n
    iteration.dart
    /* for \u5faa\u73af */\nint forLoop(int n) {\n  int res = 0;\n  // \u5faa\u73af\u6c42\u548c 1, 2, ..., n-1, n\n  for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n    res += i;\n  }\n  return res;\n}\n
    iteration.rs
    /* for \u5faa\u73af */\nfn for_loop(n: i32) -> i32 {\n    let mut res = 0;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u6c42\u548c 1, 2, ..., n-1, n\n    for i in 1..=n {\n        res += i;\n    }\n    res\n} \n
    iteration.c
    /* for \u5faa\u73af */\nint forLoop(int n) {\n    int res = 0;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u6c42\u548c 1, 2, ..., n-1, n\n    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        res += i;\n    }\n    return res;\n}\n
    iteration.zig
    // for \u5faa\u73af\nfn forLoop(n: usize) i32 {\n    var res: i32 = 0;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u6c42\u548c 1, 2, ..., n-1, n\n    for (1..n+1) |i| {\n        res = res + @as(i32, @intCast(i));\n    }\n    return res;\n} \n

    \u56fe 2-1 \u662f\u8be5\u6c42\u548c\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u6d41\u7a0b\u6846\u56fe\u3002

    \u56fe 2-1 \u00a0 \u6c42\u548c\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u6d41\u7a0b\u6846\u56fe

    \u6b64\u6c42\u548c\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u91cf\u4e0e\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5927\u5c0f \\(n\\) \u6210\u6b63\u6bd4\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\u6210\u201c\u7ebf\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u201d\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u201c\u7ebf\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u201d\u3002\u76f8\u5173\u5185\u5bb9\u5c06\u4f1a\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u8282\u4e2d\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/iteration_and_recursion/#2-while","title":"2. \u00a0 while \u5faa\u73af","text":"

    \u4e0e for \u5faa\u73af\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0cwhile \u5faa\u73af\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fed\u4ee3\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5728 while \u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6bcf\u8f6e\u90fd\u4f1a\u5148\u68c0\u67e5\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6761\u4ef6\u4e3a\u771f\uff0c\u5219\u7ee7\u7eed\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u5c31\u7ed3\u675f\u5faa\u73af\u3002

    \u4e0b\u9762\u6211\u4eec\u7528 while \u5faa\u73af\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u6c42\u548c \\(1 + 2 + \\dots + n\\) \uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig iteration.py
    def while_loop(n: int) -> int:\n    \"\"\"while \u5faa\u73af\"\"\"\n    res = 0\n    i = 1  # \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u91cf\n    # \u5faa\u73af\u6c42\u548c 1, 2, ..., n-1, n\n    while i <= n:\n        res += i\n        i += 1  # \u66f4\u65b0\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u91cf\n    return res\n
    iteration.cpp
    /* while \u5faa\u73af */\nint whileLoop(int n) {\n    int res = 0;\n    int i = 1; // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u91cf\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u6c42\u548c 1, 2, ..., n-1, n\n    while (i <= n) {\n        res += i;\n        i++; // \u66f4\u65b0\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u91cf\n    }\n    return res;\n}\n
    iteration.java
    /* while \u5faa\u73af */\nint whileLoop(int n) {\n    int res = 0;\n    int i = 1; // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u91cf\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u6c42\u548c 1, 2, ..., n-1, n\n    while (i <= n) {\n        res += i;\n        i++; // \u66f4\u65b0\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u91cf\n    }\n    return res;\n}\n
    iteration.cs
    /* while \u5faa\u73af */\nint WhileLoop(int n) {\n    int res = 0;\n    int i = 1; // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u91cf\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u6c42\u548c 1, 2, ..., n-1, n\n    while (i <= n) {\n        res += i;\n        i += 1; // \u66f4\u65b0\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u91cf\n    }\n    return res;\n}\n
    iteration.go
    /* while \u5faa\u73af */\nfunc whileLoop(n int) int {\n    res := 0\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u91cf\n    i := 1\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u6c42\u548c 1, 2, ..., n-1, n\n    for i <= n {\n        res += i\n        // \u66f4\u65b0\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u91cf\n        i++\n    }\n    return res\n}\n
    iteration.swift
    /* while \u5faa\u73af */\nfunc whileLoop(n: Int) -> Int {\n    var res = 0\n    var i = 1 // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u91cf\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u6c42\u548c 1, 2, ..., n-1, n\n    while i <= n {\n        res += i\n        i += 1 // \u66f4\u65b0\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u91cf\n    }\n    return res\n}\n
    iteration.js
    /* while \u5faa\u73af */\nfunction whileLoop(n) {\n    let res = 0;\n    let i = 1; // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u91cf\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u6c42\u548c 1, 2, ..., n-1, n\n    while (i <= n) {\n        res += i;\n        i++; // \u66f4\u65b0\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u91cf\n    }\n    return res;\n}\n
    iteration.ts
    /* while \u5faa\u73af */\nfunction whileLoop(n: number): number {\n    let res = 0;\n    let i = 1; // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u91cf\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u6c42\u548c 1, 2, ..., n-1, n\n    while (i <= n) {\n        res += i;\n        i++; // \u66f4\u65b0\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u91cf\n    }\n    return res;\n}\n
    iteration.dart
    /* while \u5faa\u73af */\nint whileLoop(int n) {\n  int res = 0;\n  int i = 1; // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u91cf\n  // \u5faa\u73af\u6c42\u548c 1, 2, ..., n-1, n\n  while (i <= n) {\n    res += i;\n    i++; // \u66f4\u65b0\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u91cf\n  }\n  return res;\n}\n
    iteration.rs
    /* while \u5faa\u73af */\nfn while_loop(n: i32) -> i32 {\n    let mut res = 0;\n    let mut i = 1; // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u91cf\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u6c42\u548c 1, 2, ..., n-1, n\n    while i <= n {\n        res += i;\n        i += 1; // \u66f4\u65b0\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u91cf\n    }\n    res\n}\n
    iteration.c
    /* while \u5faa\u73af */\nint whileLoop(int n) {\n    int res = 0;\n    int i = 1; // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u91cf\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u6c42\u548c 1, 2, ..., n-1, n\n    while (i <= n) {\n        res += i;\n        i++; // \u66f4\u65b0\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u91cf\n    }\n    return res;\n}\n
    iteration.zig
    // while \u5faa\u73af\nfn whileLoop(n: i32) i32 {\n    var res: i32 = 0;\n    var i: i32 = 1; // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u91cf\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u6c42\u548c 1, 2, ..., n-1, n\n    while (i <= n) {\n        res += @intCast(i);\n        i += 1;\n    }\n    return res;\n}\n

    while \u5faa\u73af\u6bd4 for \u5faa\u73af\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u5ea6\u66f4\u9ad8\u3002\u5728 while \u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u7531\u5730\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u548c\u66f4\u65b0\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002

    \u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\uff0c\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u91cf \\(i\\) \u6bcf\u8f6e\u8fdb\u884c\u4e24\u6b21\u66f4\u65b0\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u5c31\u4e0d\u592a\u65b9\u4fbf\u7528 for \u5faa\u73af\u5b9e\u73b0\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig iteration.py
    def while_loop_ii(n: int) -> int:\n    \"\"\"while \u5faa\u73af\uff08\u4e24\u6b21\u66f4\u65b0\uff09\"\"\"\n    res = 0\n    i = 1  # \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u91cf\n    # \u5faa\u73af\u6c42\u548c 1, 4, 10, ...\n    while i <= n:\n        res += i\n        # \u66f4\u65b0\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u91cf\n        i += 1\n        i *= 2\n    return res\n
    iteration.cpp
    /* while \u5faa\u73af\uff08\u4e24\u6b21\u66f4\u65b0\uff09 */\nint whileLoopII(int n) {\n    int res = 0;\n    int i = 1; // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u91cf\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u6c42\u548c 1, 4, 10, ...\n    while (i <= n) {\n        res += i;\n        // \u66f4\u65b0\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u91cf\n        i++;\n        i *= 2;\n    }\n    return res;\n}\n
    iteration.java
    /* while \u5faa\u73af\uff08\u4e24\u6b21\u66f4\u65b0\uff09 */\nint whileLoopII(int n) {\n    int res = 0;\n    int i = 1; // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u91cf\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u6c42\u548c 1, 4, 10, ...\n    while (i <= n) {\n        res += i;\n        // \u66f4\u65b0\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u91cf\n        i++;\n        i *= 2;\n    }\n    return res;\n}\n
    iteration.cs
    /* while \u5faa\u73af\uff08\u4e24\u6b21\u66f4\u65b0\uff09 */\nint WhileLoopII(int n) {\n    int res = 0;\n    int i = 1; // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u91cf\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u6c42\u548c 1, 2, 4, 5...\n    while (i <= n) {\n        res += i;\n        // \u66f4\u65b0\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u91cf\n        i += 1; \n        i *= 2;\n    }\n    return res;\n}\n
    iteration.go
    /* while \u5faa\u73af\uff08\u4e24\u6b21\u66f4\u65b0\uff09 */\nfunc whileLoopII(n int) int {\n    res := 0\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u91cf\n    i := 1\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u6c42\u548c 1, 4, 10, ...\n    for i <= n {\n        res += i\n        // \u66f4\u65b0\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u91cf\n        i++\n        i *= 2\n    }\n    return res\n}\n
    iteration.swift
    /* while \u5faa\u73af\uff08\u4e24\u6b21\u66f4\u65b0\uff09 */\nfunc whileLoopII(n: Int) -> Int {\n    var res = 0\n    var i = 1 // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u91cf\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u6c42\u548c 1, 4, 10, ...\n    while i <= n {\n        res += i\n        // \u66f4\u65b0\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u91cf\n        i += 1\n        i *= 2\n    }\n    return res\n}\n
    iteration.js
    /* while \u5faa\u73af\uff08\u4e24\u6b21\u66f4\u65b0\uff09 */\nfunction whileLoopII(n) {\n    let res = 0;\n    let i = 1; // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u91cf\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u6c42\u548c 1, 4, 10, ...\n    while (i <= n) {\n        res += i;\n        // \u66f4\u65b0\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u91cf\n        i++;\n        i *= 2;\n    }\n    return res;\n}\n
    iteration.ts
    /* while \u5faa\u73af\uff08\u4e24\u6b21\u66f4\u65b0\uff09 */\nfunction whileLoopII(n: number): number {\n    let res = 0;\n    let i = 1; // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u91cf\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u6c42\u548c 1, 4, 10, ...\n    while (i <= n) {\n        res += i;\n        // \u66f4\u65b0\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u91cf\n        i++;\n        i *= 2;\n    }\n    return res;\n}\n
    iteration.dart
    /* while \u5faa\u73af\uff08\u4e24\u6b21\u66f4\u65b0\uff09 */\nint whileLoopII(int n) {\n  int res = 0;\n  int i = 1; // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u91cf\n  // \u5faa\u73af\u6c42\u548c 1, 4, 10, ...\n  while (i <= n) {\n    res += i;\n    // \u66f4\u65b0\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u91cf\n    i++;\n    i *= 2;\n  }\n  return res;\n}\n
    iteration.rs
    /* while \u5faa\u73af\uff08\u4e24\u6b21\u66f4\u65b0\uff09 */\nfn while_loop_ii(n: i32) -> i32 {\n    let mut res = 0;\n    let mut i = 1; // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u91cf\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u6c42\u548c 1, 4, 10, ...\n    while i <= n {\n        res += i;\n        // \u66f4\u65b0\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u91cf\n        i += 1;\n        i *= 2;\n    }\n    res\n}\n
    iteration.c
    /* while \u5faa\u73af\uff08\u4e24\u6b21\u66f4\u65b0\uff09 */\nint whileLoopII(int n) {\n    int res = 0;\n    int i = 1; // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u91cf\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u6c42\u548c 1, 4, 10, ...\n    while (i <= n) {\n        res += i;\n        // \u66f4\u65b0\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u91cf\n        i++;\n        i *= 2;\n    }\n    return res;\n}\n
    iteration.zig
    //  while \u5faa\u73af\uff08\u4e24\u6b21\u66f4\u65b0\uff09\nfn whileLoopII(n: i32) i32 {\n    var res: i32 = 0;\n    var i: i32 = 1; // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u91cf\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u6c42\u548c 1, 4, 10, ...\n    while (i <= n) {\n        res += @intCast(i);\n        // \u66f4\u65b0\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u91cf\n        i += 1;\n        i *= 2;\n    }\n    return res;\n}\n

    \u603b\u7684\u6765\u8bf4\uff0cfor \u5faa\u73af\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u66f4\u52a0\u7d27\u51d1\uff0cwhile \u5faa\u73af\u66f4\u52a0\u7075\u6d3b\uff0c\u4e24\u8005\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fed\u4ee3\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u9009\u62e9\u4f7f\u7528\u54ea\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e94\u8be5\u6839\u636e\u7279\u5b9a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u6765\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/iteration_and_recursion/#3","title":"3. \u00a0 \u5d4c\u5957\u5faa\u73af","text":"

    \u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5faa\u73af\u7ed3\u6784\u5185\u5d4c\u5957\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5faa\u73af\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\u4ee5 for \u5faa\u73af\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig iteration.py
    def nested_for_loop(n: int) -> str:\n    \"\"\"\u53cc\u5c42 for \u5faa\u73af\"\"\"\n    res = \"\"\n    # \u5faa\u73af i = 1, 2, ..., n-1, n\n    for i in range(1, n + 1):\n        # \u5faa\u73af j = 1, 2, ..., n-1, n\n        for j in range(1, n + 1):\n            res += f\"({i}, {j}), \"\n    return res\n
    iteration.cpp
    /* \u53cc\u5c42 for \u5faa\u73af */\nstring nestedForLoop(int n) {\n    ostringstream res;\n    // \u5faa\u73af i = 1, 2, ..., n-1, n\n    for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) {\n        // \u5faa\u73af j = 1, 2, ..., n-1, n\n        for (int j = 1; j <= n; ++j) {\n            res << \"(\" << i << \", \" << j << \"), \";\n        }\n    }\n    return res.str();\n}\n
    iteration.java
    /* \u53cc\u5c42 for \u5faa\u73af */\nString nestedForLoop(int n) {\n    StringBuilder res = new StringBuilder();\n    // \u5faa\u73af i = 1, 2, ..., n-1, n\n    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        // \u5faa\u73af j = 1, 2, ..., n-1, n\n        for (int j = 1; j <= n; j++) {\n            res.append(\"(\" + i + \", \" + j + \"), \");\n        }\n    }\n    return res.toString();\n}\n
    iteration.cs
    /* \u53cc\u5c42 for \u5faa\u73af */\nstring NestedForLoop(int n) {\n    StringBuilder res = new();\n    // \u5faa\u73af i = 1, 2, ..., n-1, n\n    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        // \u5faa\u73af j = 1, 2, ..., n-1, n\n        for (int j = 1; j <= n; j++) {\n            res.Append($\"({i}, {j}), \");\n        }\n    }\n    return res.ToString();\n}\n
    iteration.go
    /* \u53cc\u5c42 for \u5faa\u73af */\nfunc nestedForLoop(n int) string {\n    res := \"\"\n    // \u5faa\u73af i = 1, 2, ..., n-1, n\n    for i := 1; i <= n; i++ {\n        for j := 1; j <= n; j++ {\n            // \u5faa\u73af j = 1, 2, ..., n-1, n\n            res += fmt.Sprintf(\"(%d, %d), \", i, j)\n        }\n    }\n    return res\n}\n
    iteration.swift
    /* \u53cc\u5c42 for \u5faa\u73af */\nfunc nestedForLoop(n: Int) -> String {\n    var res = \"\"\n    // \u5faa\u73af i = 1, 2, ..., n-1, n\n    for i in 1 ... n {\n        // \u5faa\u73af j = 1, 2, ..., n-1, n\n        for j in 1 ... n {\n            res.append(\"(\\(i), \\(j)), \")\n        }\n    }\n    return res\n}\n
    iteration.js
    /* \u53cc\u5c42 for \u5faa\u73af */\nfunction nestedForLoop(n) {\n    let res = '';\n    // \u5faa\u73af i = 1, 2, ..., n-1, n\n    for (let i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        // \u5faa\u73af j = 1, 2, ..., n-1, n\n        for (let j = 1; j <= n; j++) {\n            res += `(${i}, ${j}), `;\n        }\n    }\n    return res;\n}\n
    iteration.ts
    /* \u53cc\u5c42 for \u5faa\u73af */\nfunction nestedForLoop(n: number): string {\n    let res = '';\n    // \u5faa\u73af i = 1, 2, ..., n-1, n\n    for (let i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        // \u5faa\u73af j = 1, 2, ..., n-1, n\n        for (let j = 1; j <= n; j++) {\n            res += `(${i}, ${j}), `;\n        }\n    }\n    return res;\n}\n
    iteration.dart
    /* \u53cc\u5c42 for \u5faa\u73af */\nString nestedForLoop(int n) {\n  String res = \"\";\n  // \u5faa\u73af i = 1, 2, ..., n-1, n\n  for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n    // \u5faa\u73af j = 1, 2, ..., n-1, n\n    for (int j = 1; j <= n; j++) {\n      res += \"($i, $j), \";\n    }\n  }\n  return res;\n}\n
    iteration.rs
    /* \u53cc\u5c42 for \u5faa\u73af */\nfn nested_for_loop(n: i32) -> String {\n    let mut res = vec![];\n    // \u5faa\u73af i = 1, 2, ..., n-1, n\n    for i in 1..=n {\n        // \u5faa\u73af j = 1, 2, ..., n-1, n\n        for j in 1..=n {\n            res.push(format!(\"({}, {}), \", i, j));\n        }\n    }\n    res.join(\"\")\n}\n
    iteration.c
    /* \u53cc\u5c42 for \u5faa\u73af */\nchar *nestedForLoop(int n) {\n    // n * n \u4e3a\u5bf9\u5e94\u70b9\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\"(i, j), \" \u5bf9\u5e94\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u957f\u6700\u5927\u4e3a 6+10*2\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0a\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26 \\0 \u7684\u989d\u5916\u7a7a\u95f4\n    int size = n * n * 26 + 1;\n    char *res = malloc(size * sizeof(char));\n    // \u5faa\u73af i = 1, 2, ..., n-1, n\n    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        // \u5faa\u73af j = 1, 2, ..., n-1, n\n        for (int j = 1; j <= n; j++) {\n            char tmp[26];\n            snprintf(tmp, sizeof(tmp), \"(%d, %d), \", i, j);\n            strncat(res, tmp, size - strlen(res) - 1);\n        }\n    }\n    return res;\n}\n
    iteration.zig
    // \u53cc\u5c42 for \u5faa\u73af\nfn nestedForLoop(allocator: Allocator, n: usize) ![]const u8 {\n    var res = std.ArrayList(u8).init(allocator);\n    defer res.deinit();\n    var buffer: [20]u8 = undefined;\n    // \u5faa\u73af i = 1, 2, ..., n-1, n\n    for (1..n+1) |i| {\n        // \u5faa\u73af j = 1, 2, ..., n-1, n\n        for (1..n+1) |j| {\n            var _str = try std.fmt.bufPrint(&buffer, \"({d}, {d}), \", .{i, j});\n            try res.appendSlice(_str);\n        }\n    }\n    return res.toOwnedSlice();\n}\n

    \u56fe 2-2 \u662f\u8be5\u5d4c\u5957\u5faa\u73af\u7684\u6d41\u7a0b\u6846\u56fe\u3002

    \u56fe 2-2 \u00a0 \u5d4c\u5957\u5faa\u73af\u7684\u6d41\u7a0b\u6846\u56fe

    \u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u91cf\u4e0e \\(n^2\\) \u6210\u6b63\u6bd4\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\u7b97\u6cd5\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5927\u5c0f \\(n\\) \u6210\u201c\u5e73\u65b9\u5173\u7cfb\u201d\u3002

    \u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ee7\u7eed\u6dfb\u52a0\u5d4c\u5957\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u5d4c\u5957\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u6b21\u201c\u5347\u7ef4\u201d\uff0c\u5c06\u4f1a\u4f7f\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u63d0\u9ad8\u81f3\u201c\u7acb\u65b9\u5173\u7cfb\u201d\u201c\u56db\u6b21\u65b9\u5173\u7cfb\u201d\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u7c7b\u63a8\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/iteration_and_recursion/#222","title":"2.2.2 \u00a0 \u9012\u5f52","text":"

    \u300c\u9012\u5f52 recursion\u300d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7b97\u6cd5\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\u81ea\u8eab\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5b83\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u542b\u4e24\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\u3002

    1. \u9012\uff1a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e0d\u65ad\u6df1\u5165\u5730\u8c03\u7528\u81ea\u8eab\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4f20\u5165\u66f4\u5c0f\u6216\u66f4\u7b80\u5316\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u8fbe\u5230\u201c\u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6\u201d\u3002
    2. \u5f52\uff1a\u89e6\u53d1\u201c\u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6\u201d\u540e\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4ece\u6700\u6df1\u5c42\u7684\u9012\u5f52\u51fd\u6570\u5f00\u59cb\u9010\u5c42\u8fd4\u56de\uff0c\u6c47\u805a\u6bcf\u4e00\u5c42\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002

    \u800c\u4ece\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u9012\u5f52\u4ee3\u7801\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u542b\u4e09\u4e2a\u8981\u7d20\u3002

    1. \u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6\uff1a\u7528\u4e8e\u51b3\u5b9a\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u7531\u201c\u9012\u201d\u8f6c\u201c\u5f52\u201d\u3002
    2. \u9012\u5f52\u8c03\u7528\uff1a\u5bf9\u5e94\u201c\u9012\u201d\uff0c\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\u81ea\u8eab\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u8f93\u5165\u66f4\u5c0f\u6216\u66f4\u7b80\u5316\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u3002
    3. \u8fd4\u56de\u7ed3\u679c\uff1a\u5bf9\u5e94\u201c\u5f52\u201d\uff0c\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u9012\u5f52\u5c42\u7ea7\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u8fd4\u56de\u81f3\u4e0a\u4e00\u5c42\u3002

    \u89c2\u5bdf\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u9700\u8c03\u7528\u51fd\u6570 recur(n) \uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b8c\u6210 \\(1 + 2 + \\dots + n\\) \u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig recursion.py
    def recur(n: int) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u9012\u5f52\"\"\"\n    # \u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6\n    if n == 1:\n        return 1\n    # \u9012\uff1a\u9012\u5f52\u8c03\u7528\n    res = recur(n - 1)\n    # \u5f52\uff1a\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed3\u679c\n    return n + res\n
    recursion.cpp
    /* \u9012\u5f52 */\nint recur(int n) {\n    // \u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6\n    if (n == 1)\n        return 1;\n    // \u9012\uff1a\u9012\u5f52\u8c03\u7528\n    int res = recur(n - 1);\n    // \u5f52\uff1a\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed3\u679c\n    return n + res;\n}\n
    recursion.java
    /* \u9012\u5f52 */\nint recur(int n) {\n    // \u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6\n    if (n == 1)\n        return 1;\n    // \u9012\uff1a\u9012\u5f52\u8c03\u7528\n    int res = recur(n - 1);\n    // \u5f52\uff1a\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed3\u679c\n    return n + res;\n}\n
    recursion.cs
    /* \u9012\u5f52 */\nint Recur(int n) {\n    // \u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6\n    if (n == 1)\n        return 1;\n    // \u9012\uff1a\u9012\u5f52\u8c03\u7528\n    int res = Recur(n - 1);\n    // \u5f52\uff1a\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed3\u679c\n    return n + res;\n}\n
    recursion.go
    /* \u9012\u5f52 */\nfunc recur(n int) int {\n    // \u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6\n    if n == 1 {\n        return 1\n    }\n    // \u9012\uff1a\u9012\u5f52\u8c03\u7528\n    res := recur(n - 1)\n    // \u5f52\uff1a\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed3\u679c\n    return n + res\n}\n
    recursion.swift
    /* \u9012\u5f52 */\nfunc recur(n: Int) -> Int {\n    // \u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6\n    if n == 1 {\n        return 1\n    }\n    // \u9012\uff1a\u9012\u5f52\u8c03\u7528\n    let res = recur(n: n - 1)\n    // \u5f52\uff1a\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed3\u679c\n    return n + res\n}\n
    recursion.js
    /* \u9012\u5f52 */\nfunction recur(n) {\n    // \u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6\n    if (n === 1) return 1;\n    // \u9012\uff1a\u9012\u5f52\u8c03\u7528\n    const res = recur(n - 1);\n    // \u5f52\uff1a\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed3\u679c\n    return n + res;\n}\n
    recursion.ts
    /* \u9012\u5f52 */\nfunction recur(n: number): number {\n    // \u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6\n    if (n === 1) return 1;\n    // \u9012\uff1a\u9012\u5f52\u8c03\u7528\n    const res = recur(n - 1);\n    // \u5f52\uff1a\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed3\u679c\n    return n + res;\n}\n
    recursion.dart
    /* \u9012\u5f52 */\nint recur(int n) {\n  // \u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6\n  if (n == 1) return 1;\n  // \u9012\uff1a\u9012\u5f52\u8c03\u7528\n  int res = recur(n - 1);\n  // \u5f52\uff1a\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed3\u679c\n  return n + res;\n}\n
    recursion.rs
    /* \u9012\u5f52 */\nfn recur(n: i32) -> i32 {\n    // \u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6\n    if n == 1 {\n        return 1;\n    }\n    // \u9012\uff1a\u9012\u5f52\u8c03\u7528\n    let res = recur(n - 1);\n    // \u5f52\uff1a\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed3\u679c\n    n + res\n}\n
    recursion.c
    /* \u9012\u5f52 */\nint recur(int n) {\n    // \u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6\n    if (n == 1)\n        return 1;\n    // \u9012\uff1a\u9012\u5f52\u8c03\u7528\n    int res = recur(n - 1);\n    // \u5f52\uff1a\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed3\u679c\n    return n + res;\n}\n
    recursion.zig
    // \u9012\u5f52\u51fd\u6570\nfn recur(n: i32) i32 {\n    // \u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6\n    if (n == 1) {\n        return 1;\n    }\n    // \u9012\uff1a\u9012\u5f52\u8c03\u7528\n    var res: i32 = recur(n - 1);\n    // \u5f52\uff1a\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed3\u679c\n    return n + res;\n}\n

    \u56fe 2-3 \u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u8be5\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u9012\u5f52\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002

    \u56fe 2-3 \u00a0 \u6c42\u548c\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u9012\u5f52\u8fc7\u7a0b

    \u867d\u7136\u4ece\u8ba1\u7b97\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u8fed\u4ee3\u4e0e\u9012\u5f52\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u4e24\u79cd\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u601d\u8003\u548c\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u8303\u5f0f\u3002

    • \u8fed\u4ee3\uff1a\u201c\u81ea\u4e0b\u800c\u4e0a\u201d\u5730\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4ece\u6700\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4e0d\u65ad\u91cd\u590d\u6216\u7d2f\u52a0\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u4efb\u52a1\u5b8c\u6210\u3002
    • \u9012\u5f52\uff1a\u201c\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u201d\u5730\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5c06\u539f\u95ee\u9898\u5206\u89e3\u4e3a\u66f4\u5c0f\u7684\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u548c\u539f\u95ee\u9898\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u5c06\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7ee7\u7eed\u5206\u89e3\u4e3a\u66f4\u5c0f\u7684\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u57fa\u672c\u60c5\u51b5\u65f6\u505c\u6b62\uff08\u57fa\u672c\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u89e3\u662f\u5df2\u77e5\u7684\uff09\u3002

    \u4ee5\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6c42\u548c\u51fd\u6570\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u8bbe\u95ee\u9898 \\(f(n) = 1 + 2 + \\dots + n\\) \u3002

    • \u8fed\u4ee3\uff1a\u5728\u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u6a21\u62df\u6c42\u548c\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u4ece \\(1\\) \u904d\u5386\u5230 \\(n\\) \uff0c\u6bcf\u8f6e\u6267\u884c\u6c42\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5373\u53ef\u6c42\u5f97 \\(f(n)\\) \u3002
    • \u9012\u5f52\uff1a\u5c06\u95ee\u9898\u5206\u89e3\u4e3a\u5b50\u95ee\u9898 \\(f(n) = n + f(n-1)\\) \uff0c\u4e0d\u65ad\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5730\uff09\u5206\u89e3\u4e0b\u53bb\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u57fa\u672c\u60c5\u51b5 \\(f(1) = 1\\) \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/iteration_and_recursion/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u8c03\u7528\u6808","text":"

    \u9012\u5f52\u51fd\u6570\u6bcf\u6b21\u8c03\u7528\u81ea\u8eab\u65f6\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u90fd\u4f1a\u4e3a\u65b0\u5f00\u542f\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u5206\u914d\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u4ee5\u5b58\u50a8\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u8c03\u7528\u5730\u5740\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u4fe1\u606f\u7b49\u3002\u8fd9\u5c06\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e24\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002

    • \u51fd\u6570\u7684\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u6570\u636e\u90fd\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u6808\u5e27\u7a7a\u95f4\u201d\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u533a\u57df\u4e2d\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u540e\u624d\u4f1a\u88ab\u91ca\u653e\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u9012\u5f52\u901a\u5e38\u6bd4\u8fed\u4ee3\u66f4\u52a0\u8017\u8d39\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002
    • \u9012\u5f52\u8c03\u7528\u51fd\u6570\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u989d\u5916\u7684\u5f00\u9500\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u9012\u5f52\u901a\u5e38\u6bd4\u5faa\u73af\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6548\u7387\u66f4\u4f4e\u3002

    \u5982\u56fe 2-4 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5728\u89e6\u53d1\u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6\u524d\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5b58\u5728 \\(n\\) \u4e2a\u672a\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u9012\u5f52\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u9012\u5f52\u6df1\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(n\\) \u3002

    \u56fe 2-4 \u00a0 \u9012\u5f52\u8c03\u7528\u6df1\u5ea6

    \u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u4e2d\uff0c\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u5141\u8bb8\u7684\u9012\u5f52\u6df1\u5ea6\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u6709\u9650\u7684\uff0c\u8fc7\u6df1\u7684\u9012\u5f52\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u6808\u6ea2\u51fa\u9519\u8bef\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/iteration_and_recursion/#2","title":"2. \u00a0 \u5c3e\u9012\u5f52","text":"

    \u6709\u8da3\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u51fd\u6570\u5728\u8fd4\u56de\u524d\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b65\u624d\u8fdb\u884c\u9012\u5f52\u8c03\u7528\uff0c\u5219\u8be5\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u6216\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u4f18\u5316\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u5728\u7a7a\u95f4\u6548\u7387\u4e0a\u4e0e\u8fed\u4ee3\u76f8\u5f53\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u300c\u5c3e\u9012\u5f52 tail recursion\u300d\u3002

    • \u666e\u901a\u9012\u5f52\uff1a\u5f53\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u5230\u4e0a\u4e00\u5c42\u7ea7\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u540e\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u7ee7\u7eed\u6267\u884c\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7cfb\u7edf\u9700\u8981\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e0a\u4e00\u5c42\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u3002
    • \u5c3e\u9012\u5f52\uff1a\u9012\u5f52\u8c03\u7528\u662f\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u524d\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u5230\u4e0a\u4e00\u5c42\u7ea7\u540e\uff0c\u65e0\u987b\u7ee7\u7eed\u6267\u884c\u5176\u4ed6\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7cfb\u7edf\u65e0\u987b\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e0a\u4e00\u5c42\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u3002

    \u4ee5\u8ba1\u7b97 \\(1 + 2 + \\dots + n\\) \u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u7ed3\u679c\u53d8\u91cf res \u8bbe\u4e3a\u51fd\u6570\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5b9e\u73b0\u5c3e\u9012\u5f52\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig recursion.py
    def tail_recur(n, res):\n    \"\"\"\u5c3e\u9012\u5f52\"\"\"\n    # \u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6\n    if n == 0:\n        return res\n    # \u5c3e\u9012\u5f52\u8c03\u7528\n    return tail_recur(n - 1, res + n)\n
    recursion.cpp
    /* \u5c3e\u9012\u5f52 */\nint tailRecur(int n, int res) {\n    // \u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6\n    if (n == 0)\n        return res;\n    // \u5c3e\u9012\u5f52\u8c03\u7528\n    return tailRecur(n - 1, res + n);\n}\n
    recursion.java
    /* \u5c3e\u9012\u5f52 */\nint tailRecur(int n, int res) {\n    // \u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6\n    if (n == 0)\n        return res;\n    // \u5c3e\u9012\u5f52\u8c03\u7528\n    return tailRecur(n - 1, res + n);\n}\n
    recursion.cs
    /* \u5c3e\u9012\u5f52 */\nint TailRecur(int n, int res) {\n    // \u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6\n    if (n == 0)\n        return res;\n    // \u5c3e\u9012\u5f52\u8c03\u7528\n    return TailRecur(n - 1, res + n);\n}\n
    recursion.go
    /* \u5c3e\u9012\u5f52 */\nfunc tailRecur(n int, res int) int {\n    // \u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6\n    if n == 0 {\n        return res\n    }\n    // \u5c3e\u9012\u5f52\u8c03\u7528\n    return tailRecur(n-1, res+n)\n}\n
    recursion.swift
    /* \u5c3e\u9012\u5f52 */\nfunc tailRecur(n: Int, res: Int) -> Int {\n    // \u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6\n    if n == 0 {\n        return res\n    }\n    // \u5c3e\u9012\u5f52\u8c03\u7528\n    return tailRecur(n: n - 1, res: res + n)\n}\n
    recursion.js
    /* \u5c3e\u9012\u5f52 */\nfunction tailRecur(n, res) {\n    // \u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6\n    if (n === 0) return res;\n    // \u5c3e\u9012\u5f52\u8c03\u7528\n    return tailRecur(n - 1, res + n);\n}\n
    recursion.ts
    /* \u5c3e\u9012\u5f52 */\nfunction tailRecur(n: number, res: number): number {\n    // \u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6\n    if (n === 0) return res;\n    // \u5c3e\u9012\u5f52\u8c03\u7528\n    return tailRecur(n - 1, res + n);\n}\n
    recursion.dart
    /* \u5c3e\u9012\u5f52 */\nint tailRecur(int n, int res) {\n  // \u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6\n  if (n == 0) return res;\n  // \u5c3e\u9012\u5f52\u8c03\u7528\n  return tailRecur(n - 1, res + n);\n}\n
    recursion.rs
    /* \u5c3e\u9012\u5f52 */\nfn tail_recur(n: i32, res: i32) -> i32 {\n    // \u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6\n    if n == 0 {\n        return res;\n    }\n    // \u5c3e\u9012\u5f52\u8c03\u7528\n    tail_recur(n - 1, res + n)\n}\n
    recursion.c
    /* \u5c3e\u9012\u5f52 */\nint tailRecur(int n, int res) {\n    // \u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6\n    if (n == 0)\n        return res;\n    // \u5c3e\u9012\u5f52\u8c03\u7528\n    return tailRecur(n - 1, res + n);\n}\n
    recursion.zig
    // \u5c3e\u9012\u5f52\u51fd\u6570\nfn tailRecur(n: i32, res: i32) i32 {\n    // \u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6\n    if (n == 0) {\n        return res;\n    }\n    // \u5c3e\u9012\u5f52\u8c03\u7528\n    return tailRecur(n - 1, res + n);\n}\n

    \u5c3e\u9012\u5f52\u7684\u6267\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5982\u56fe 2-5 \u6240\u793a\u3002\u5bf9\u6bd4\u666e\u901a\u9012\u5f52\u548c\u5c3e\u9012\u5f52\uff0c\u4e24\u8005\u7684\u6c42\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6267\u884c\u70b9\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u3002

    • \u666e\u901a\u9012\u5f52\uff1a\u6c42\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u662f\u5728\u201c\u5f52\u201d\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\u7684\uff0c\u6bcf\u5c42\u8fd4\u56de\u540e\u90fd\u8981\u518d\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u6b21\u6c42\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002
    • \u5c3e\u9012\u5f52\uff1a\u6c42\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u662f\u5728\u201c\u9012\u201d\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\u7684\uff0c\u201c\u5f52\u201d\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53ea\u9700\u5c42\u5c42\u8fd4\u56de\u3002

    \u56fe 2-5 \u00a0 \u5c3e\u9012\u5f52\u8fc7\u7a0b

    Tip

    \u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u6216\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u5e76\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u5c3e\u9012\u5f52\u4f18\u5316\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cPython \u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u5c3e\u9012\u5f52\u4f18\u5316\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5373\u4f7f\u51fd\u6570\u662f\u5c3e\u9012\u5f52\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u9047\u5230\u6808\u6ea2\u51fa\u95ee\u9898\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/iteration_and_recursion/#3_1","title":"3. \u00a0 \u9012\u5f52\u6811","text":"

    \u5f53\u5904\u7406\u4e0e\u201c\u5206\u6cbb\u201d\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u95ee\u9898\u65f6\uff0c\u9012\u5f52\u5f80\u5f80\u6bd4\u8fed\u4ee3\u7684\u601d\u8def\u66f4\u52a0\u76f4\u89c2\u3001\u4ee3\u7801\u66f4\u52a0\u6613\u8bfb\u3002\u4ee5\u201c\u6590\u6ce2\u90a3\u5951\u6570\u5217\u201d\u4e3a\u4f8b\u3002

    Question

    \u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6590\u6ce2\u90a3\u5951\u6570\u5217 \\(0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, \\dots\\) \uff0c\u6c42\u8be5\u6570\u5217\u7684\u7b2c \\(n\\) \u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u3002

    \u8bbe\u6590\u6ce2\u90a3\u5951\u6570\u5217\u7684\u7b2c \\(n\\) \u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u4e3a \\(f(n)\\) \uff0c\u6613\u5f97\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ed3\u8bba\u3002

    • \u6570\u5217\u7684\u524d\u4e24\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u4e3a \\(f(1) = 0\\) \u548c \\(f(2) = 1\\) \u3002
    • \u6570\u5217\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u662f\u524d\u4e24\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u548c\uff0c\u5373 \\(f(n) = f(n - 1) + f(n - 2)\\) \u3002

    \u6309\u7167\u9012\u63a8\u5173\u7cfb\u8fdb\u884c\u9012\u5f52\u8c03\u7528\uff0c\u5c06\u524d\u4e24\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u4fbf\u53ef\u5199\u51fa\u9012\u5f52\u4ee3\u7801\u3002\u8c03\u7528 fib(n) \u5373\u53ef\u5f97\u5230\u6590\u6ce2\u90a3\u5951\u6570\u5217\u7684\u7b2c \\(n\\) \u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig recursion.py
    def fib(n: int) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u6590\u6ce2\u90a3\u5951\u6570\u5217\uff1a\u9012\u5f52\"\"\"\n    # \u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6 f(1) = 0, f(2) = 1\n    if n == 1 or n == 2:\n        return n - 1\n    # \u9012\u5f52\u8c03\u7528 f(n) = f(n-1) + f(n-2)\n    res = fib(n - 1) + fib(n - 2)\n    # \u8fd4\u56de\u7ed3\u679c f(n)\n    return res\n
    recursion.cpp
    /* \u6590\u6ce2\u90a3\u5951\u6570\u5217\uff1a\u9012\u5f52 */\nint fib(int n) {\n    // \u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6 f(1) = 0, f(2) = 1\n    if (n == 1 || n == 2)\n        return n - 1;\n    // \u9012\u5f52\u8c03\u7528 f(n) = f(n-1) + f(n-2)\n    int res = fib(n - 1) + fib(n - 2);\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u7ed3\u679c f(n)\n    return res;\n}\n
    recursion.java
    /* \u6590\u6ce2\u90a3\u5951\u6570\u5217\uff1a\u9012\u5f52 */\nint fib(int n) {\n    // \u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6 f(1) = 0, f(2) = 1\n    if (n == 1 || n == 2)\n        return n - 1;\n    // \u9012\u5f52\u8c03\u7528 f(n) = f(n-1) + f(n-2)\n    int res = fib(n - 1) + fib(n - 2);\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u7ed3\u679c f(n)\n    return res;\n}\n
    recursion.cs
    /* \u6590\u6ce2\u90a3\u5951\u6570\u5217\uff1a\u9012\u5f52 */\nint Fib(int n) {\n    // \u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6 f(1) = 0, f(2) = 1\n    if (n == 1 || n == 2)\n        return n - 1;\n    // \u9012\u5f52\u8c03\u7528 f(n) = f(n-1) + f(n-2)\n    int res = Fib(n - 1) + Fib(n - 2);\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u7ed3\u679c f(n)\n    return res;\n}\n
    recursion.go
    /* \u6590\u6ce2\u90a3\u5951\u6570\u5217\uff1a\u9012\u5f52 */\nfunc fib(n int) int {\n    // \u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6 f(1) = 0, f(2) = 1\n    if n == 1 || n == 2 {\n        return n - 1\n    }\n    // \u9012\u5f52\u8c03\u7528 f(n) = f(n-1) + f(n-2)\n    res := fib(n-1) + fib(n-2)\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u7ed3\u679c f(n)\n    return res\n}\n
    recursion.swift
    /* \u6590\u6ce2\u90a3\u5951\u6570\u5217\uff1a\u9012\u5f52 */\nfunc fib(n: Int) -> Int {\n    // \u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6 f(1) = 0, f(2) = 1\n    if n == 1 || n == 2 {\n        return n - 1\n    }\n    // \u9012\u5f52\u8c03\u7528 f(n) = f(n-1) + f(n-2)\n    let res = fib(n: n - 1) + fib(n: n - 2)\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u7ed3\u679c f(n)\n    return res\n}\n
    recursion.js
    /* \u6590\u6ce2\u90a3\u5951\u6570\u5217\uff1a\u9012\u5f52 */\nfunction fib(n) {\n    // \u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6 f(1) = 0, f(2) = 1\n    if (n === 1 || n === 2) return n - 1;\n    // \u9012\u5f52\u8c03\u7528 f(n) = f(n-1) + f(n-2)\n    const res = fib(n - 1) + fib(n - 2);\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u7ed3\u679c f(n)\n    return res;\n}\n
    recursion.ts
    /* \u6590\u6ce2\u90a3\u5951\u6570\u5217\uff1a\u9012\u5f52 */\nfunction fib(n: number): number {\n    // \u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6 f(1) = 0, f(2) = 1\n    if (n === 1 || n === 2) return n - 1;\n    // \u9012\u5f52\u8c03\u7528 f(n) = f(n-1) + f(n-2)\n    const res = fib(n - 1) + fib(n - 2);\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u7ed3\u679c f(n)\n    return res;\n}\n
    recursion.dart
    /* \u6590\u6ce2\u90a3\u5951\u6570\u5217\uff1a\u9012\u5f52 */\nint fib(int n) {\n  // \u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6 f(1) = 0, f(2) = 1\n  if (n == 1 || n == 2) return n - 1;\n  // \u9012\u5f52\u8c03\u7528 f(n) = f(n-1) + f(n-2)\n  int res = fib(n - 1) + fib(n - 2);\n  // \u8fd4\u56de\u7ed3\u679c f(n)\n  return res;\n}\n
    recursion.rs
    /* \u6590\u6ce2\u90a3\u5951\u6570\u5217\uff1a\u9012\u5f52 */\nfn fib(n: i32) -> i32 {\n    // \u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6 f(1) = 0, f(2) = 1\n    if n == 1 || n == 2 {\n        return n - 1;\n    }\n    // \u9012\u5f52\u8c03\u7528 f(n) = f(n-1) + f(n-2)\n    let res = fib(n - 1) + fib(n - 2);\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u7ed3\u679c\n    res\n}\n
    recursion.c
    /* \u6590\u6ce2\u90a3\u5951\u6570\u5217\uff1a\u9012\u5f52 */\nint fib(int n) {\n    // \u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6 f(1) = 0, f(2) = 1\n    if (n == 1 || n == 2)\n        return n - 1;\n    // \u9012\u5f52\u8c03\u7528 f(n) = f(n-1) + f(n-2)\n    int res = fib(n - 1) + fib(n - 2);\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u7ed3\u679c f(n)\n    return res;\n}\n
    recursion.zig
    // \u6590\u6ce2\u90a3\u5951\u6570\u5217\nfn fib(n: i32) i32 {\n    // \u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6 f(1) = 0, f(2) = 1\n    if (n == 1 or n == 2) {\n        return n - 1;\n    }\n    // \u9012\u5f52\u8c03\u7528 f(n) = f(n-1) + f(n-2)\n    var res: i32 = fib(n - 1) + fib(n - 2);\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u7ed3\u679c f(n)\n    return res;\n}\n

    \u89c2\u5bdf\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u51fd\u6570\u5185\u9012\u5f52\u8c03\u7528\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u8c03\u7528\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u8c03\u7528\u5206\u652f\u3002\u5982\u56fe 2-6 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u4e0d\u65ad\u9012\u5f52\u8c03\u7528\u4e0b\u53bb\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u5c06\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u68f5\u5c42\u6570\u4e3a \\(n\\) \u7684\u300c\u9012\u5f52\u6811 recursion tree\u300d\u3002

    \u56fe 2-6 \u00a0 \u6590\u6ce2\u90a3\u5951\u6570\u5217\u7684\u9012\u5f52\u6811

    \u4ece\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c\u9012\u5f52\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u201c\u5c06\u95ee\u9898\u5206\u89e3\u4e3a\u66f4\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u201d\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u8303\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5206\u6cbb\u7b56\u7565\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002

    • \u4ece\u7b97\u6cd5\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u641c\u7d22\u3001\u6392\u5e8f\u3001\u56de\u6eaf\u3001\u5206\u6cbb\u3001\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u7b49\u8bb8\u591a\u91cd\u8981\u7b97\u6cd5\u7b56\u7565\u76f4\u63a5\u6216\u95f4\u63a5\u5730\u5e94\u7528\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u601d\u7ef4\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002
    • \u4ece\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u9012\u5f52\u5929\u7136\u9002\u5408\u5904\u7406\u94fe\u8868\u3001\u6811\u548c\u56fe\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u975e\u5e38\u9002\u5408\u7528\u5206\u6cbb\u601d\u60f3\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u6790\u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/iteration_and_recursion/#223","title":"2.2.3 \u00a0 \u4e24\u8005\u5bf9\u6bd4","text":"

    \u603b\u7ed3\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5982\u8868 2-1 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u8fed\u4ee3\u548c\u9012\u5f52\u5728\u5b9e\u73b0\u3001\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u9002\u7528\u6027\u4e0a\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\u3002

    \u8868 2-1 \u00a0 \u8fed\u4ee3\u4e0e\u9012\u5f52\u7279\u70b9\u5bf9\u6bd4

    \u8fed\u4ee3 \u9012\u5f52 \u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u5f0f \u5faa\u73af\u7ed3\u6784 \u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\u81ea\u8eab \u65f6\u95f4\u6548\u7387 \u6548\u7387\u901a\u5e38\u8f83\u9ad8\uff0c\u65e0\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\u5f00\u9500 \u6bcf\u6b21\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\u90fd\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u5f00\u9500 \u5185\u5b58\u4f7f\u7528 \u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u56fa\u5b9a\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4 \u7d2f\u79ef\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\u53ef\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u6808\u5e27\u7a7a\u95f4 \u9002\u7528\u95ee\u9898 \u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u7b80\u5355\u5faa\u73af\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u4ee3\u7801\u76f4\u89c2\u3001\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u597d \u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u5206\u89e3\uff0c\u5982\u6811\u3001\u56fe\u3001\u5206\u6cbb\u3001\u56de\u6eaf\u7b49\uff0c\u4ee3\u7801\u7ed3\u6784\u7b80\u6d01\u3001\u6e05\u6670

    Tip

    \u5982\u679c\u611f\u89c9\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5185\u5bb9\u7406\u89e3\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u8bfb\u5b8c\u201c\u6808\u201d\u7ae0\u8282\u540e\u518d\u6765\u590d\u4e60\u3002

    \u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u8fed\u4ee3\u548c\u9012\u5f52\u5177\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u5185\u5728\u8054\u7cfb\u5462\uff1f\u4ee5\u4e0a\u8ff0\u9012\u5f52\u51fd\u6570\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u6c42\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u5728\u9012\u5f52\u7684\u201c\u5f52\u201d\u9636\u6bb5\u8fdb\u884c\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6700\u521d\u88ab\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u6700\u540e\u5b8c\u6210\u5176\u6c42\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5de5\u4f5c\u673a\u5236\u4e0e\u6808\u7684\u201c\u5148\u5165\u540e\u51fa\u201d\u539f\u5219\u5f02\u66f2\u540c\u5de5\u3002

    \u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u201c\u8c03\u7528\u6808\u201d\u548c\u201c\u6808\u5e27\u7a7a\u95f4\u201d\u8fd9\u7c7b\u9012\u5f52\u672f\u8bed\u5df2\u7ecf\u6697\u793a\u4e86\u9012\u5f52\u4e0e\u6808\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5bc6\u5207\u5173\u7cfb\u3002

    1. \u9012\uff1a\u5f53\u51fd\u6570\u88ab\u8c03\u7528\u65f6\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u5728\u201c\u8c03\u7528\u6808\u201d\u4e0a\u4e3a\u8be5\u51fd\u6570\u5206\u914d\u65b0\u7684\u6808\u5e27\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u53c2\u6570\u3001\u8fd4\u56de\u5730\u5740\u7b49\u6570\u636e\u3002
    2. \u5f52\uff1a\u5f53\u51fd\u6570\u5b8c\u6210\u6267\u884c\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u65f6\uff0c\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6808\u5e27\u4f1a\u88ab\u4ece\u201c\u8c03\u7528\u6808\u201d\u4e0a\u79fb\u9664\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u4e4b\u524d\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u6267\u884c\u73af\u5883\u3002

    \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u663e\u5f0f\u7684\u6808\u6765\u6a21\u62df\u8c03\u7528\u6808\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5c06\u9012\u5f52\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u8fed\u4ee3\u5f62\u5f0f\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig recursion.py
    def for_loop_recur(n: int) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u4f7f\u7528\u8fed\u4ee3\u6a21\u62df\u9012\u5f52\"\"\"\n    # \u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u663e\u5f0f\u7684\u6808\u6765\u6a21\u62df\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u6808\n    stack = []\n    res = 0\n    # \u9012\uff1a\u9012\u5f52\u8c03\u7528\n    for i in range(n, 0, -1):\n        # \u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u5165\u6808\u64cd\u4f5c\u201d\u6a21\u62df\u201c\u9012\u201d\n        stack.append(i)\n    # \u5f52\uff1a\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed3\u679c\n    while stack:\n        # \u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u51fa\u6808\u64cd\u4f5c\u201d\u6a21\u62df\u201c\u5f52\u201d\n        res += stack.pop()\n    # res = 1+2+3+...+n\n    return res\n
    recursion.cpp
    /* \u4f7f\u7528\u8fed\u4ee3\u6a21\u62df\u9012\u5f52 */\nint forLoopRecur(int n) {\n    // \u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u663e\u5f0f\u7684\u6808\u6765\u6a21\u62df\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u6808\n    stack<int> stack;\n    int res = 0;\n    // \u9012\uff1a\u9012\u5f52\u8c03\u7528\n    for (int i = n; i > 0; i--) {\n        // \u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u5165\u6808\u64cd\u4f5c\u201d\u6a21\u62df\u201c\u9012\u201d\n        stack.push(i);\n    }\n    // \u5f52\uff1a\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed3\u679c\n    while (!stack.empty()) {\n        // \u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u51fa\u6808\u64cd\u4f5c\u201d\u6a21\u62df\u201c\u5f52\u201d\n        res += stack.top();\n        stack.pop();\n    }\n    // res = 1+2+3+...+n\n    return res;\n}\n
    recursion.java
    /* \u4f7f\u7528\u8fed\u4ee3\u6a21\u62df\u9012\u5f52 */\nint forLoopRecur(int n) {\n    // \u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u663e\u5f0f\u7684\u6808\u6765\u6a21\u62df\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u6808\n    Stack<Integer> stack = new Stack<>();\n    int res = 0;\n    // \u9012\uff1a\u9012\u5f52\u8c03\u7528\n    for (int i = n; i > 0; i--) {\n        // \u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u5165\u6808\u64cd\u4f5c\u201d\u6a21\u62df\u201c\u9012\u201d\n        stack.push(i);\n    }\n    // \u5f52\uff1a\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed3\u679c\n    while (!stack.isEmpty()) {\n        // \u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u51fa\u6808\u64cd\u4f5c\u201d\u6a21\u62df\u201c\u5f52\u201d\n        res += stack.pop();\n    }\n    // res = 1+2+3+...+n\n    return res;\n}\n
    recursion.cs
    /* \u4f7f\u7528\u8fed\u4ee3\u6a21\u62df\u9012\u5f52 */\nint ForLoopRecur(int n) {\n    // \u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u663e\u5f0f\u7684\u6808\u6765\u6a21\u62df\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u6808\n    Stack<int> stack = new();\n    int res = 0;\n    // \u9012\uff1a\u9012\u5f52\u8c03\u7528\n    for (int i = n; i > 0; i--) {\n        // \u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u5165\u6808\u64cd\u4f5c\u201d\u6a21\u62df\u201c\u9012\u201d\n        stack.Push(i);\n    }\n    // \u5f52\uff1a\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed3\u679c\n    while (stack.Count > 0) {\n        // \u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u51fa\u6808\u64cd\u4f5c\u201d\u6a21\u62df\u201c\u5f52\u201d\n        res += stack.Pop();\n    }\n    // res = 1+2+3+...+n\n    return res;\n}\n
    recursion.go
    /* \u4f7f\u7528\u8fed\u4ee3\u6a21\u62df\u9012\u5f52 */\nfunc forLoopRecur(n int) int {\n    // \u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u663e\u5f0f\u7684\u6808\u6765\u6a21\u62df\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u6808\n    stack := list.New()\n    res := 0\n    // \u9012\uff1a\u9012\u5f52\u8c03\u7528\n    for i := n; i > 0; i-- {\n        // \u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u5165\u6808\u64cd\u4f5c\u201d\u6a21\u62df\u201c\u9012\u201d\n        stack.PushBack(i)\n    }\n    // \u5f52\uff1a\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed3\u679c\n    for stack.Len() != 0 {\n        // \u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u51fa\u6808\u64cd\u4f5c\u201d\u6a21\u62df\u201c\u5f52\u201d\n        res += stack.Back().Value.(int)\n        stack.Remove(stack.Back())\n    }\n    // res = 1+2+3+...+n\n    return res\n}\n
    recursion.swift
    /* \u4f7f\u7528\u8fed\u4ee3\u6a21\u62df\u9012\u5f52 */\nfunc forLoopRecur(n: Int) -> Int {\n    // \u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u663e\u5f0f\u7684\u6808\u6765\u6a21\u62df\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u6808\n    var stack: [Int] = []\n    var res = 0\n    // \u9012\uff1a\u9012\u5f52\u8c03\u7528\n    for i in stride(from: n, to: 0, by: -1) {\n        // \u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u5165\u6808\u64cd\u4f5c\u201d\u6a21\u62df\u201c\u9012\u201d\n        stack.append(i)\n    }\n    // \u5f52\uff1a\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed3\u679c\n    while !stack.isEmpty {\n        // \u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u51fa\u6808\u64cd\u4f5c\u201d\u6a21\u62df\u201c\u5f52\u201d\n        res += stack.removeLast()\n    }\n    // res = 1+2+3+...+n\n    return res\n}\n
    recursion.js
    /* \u4f7f\u7528\u8fed\u4ee3\u6a21\u62df\u9012\u5f52 */\nfunction forLoopRecur(n) {\n    // \u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u663e\u5f0f\u7684\u6808\u6765\u6a21\u62df\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u6808\n    const stack = [];\n    let res = 0;\n    // \u9012\uff1a\u9012\u5f52\u8c03\u7528\n    for (let i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        // \u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u5165\u6808\u64cd\u4f5c\u201d\u6a21\u62df\u201c\u9012\u201d\n        stack.push(i);\n    }\n    // \u5f52\uff1a\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed3\u679c\n    while (stack.length) { \n        // \u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u51fa\u6808\u64cd\u4f5c\u201d\u6a21\u62df\u201c\u5f52\u201d\n        res += stack.pop();\n    }\n    // res = 1+2+3+...+n\n    return res;\n}\n
    recursion.ts
    /* \u4f7f\u7528\u8fed\u4ee3\u6a21\u62df\u9012\u5f52 */\nfunction forLoopRecur(n: number): number {\n    // \u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u663e\u5f0f\u7684\u6808\u6765\u6a21\u62df\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u6808 \n    const stack: number[] = [];\n    let res: number = 0;\n    // \u9012\uff1a\u9012\u5f52\u8c03\u7528\n    for (let i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        // \u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u5165\u6808\u64cd\u4f5c\u201d\u6a21\u62df\u201c\u9012\u201d\n        stack.push(i);\n    }\n    // \u5f52\uff1a\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed3\u679c\n    while (stack.length) { \n        // \u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u51fa\u6808\u64cd\u4f5c\u201d\u6a21\u62df\u201c\u5f52\u201d\n        res += stack.pop();\n    }\n    // res = 1+2+3+...+n\n    return res;\n}\n
    recursion.dart
    /* \u4f7f\u7528\u8fed\u4ee3\u6a21\u62df\u9012\u5f52 */\nint forLoopRecur(int n) {\n  // \u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u663e\u5f0f\u7684\u6808\u6765\u6a21\u62df\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u6808\n  List<int> stack = [];\n  int res = 0;\n  // \u9012\uff1a\u9012\u5f52\u8c03\u7528\n  for (int i = n; i > 0; i--) {\n    // \u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u5165\u6808\u64cd\u4f5c\u201d\u6a21\u62df\u201c\u9012\u201d\n    stack.add(i);\n  }\n  // \u5f52\uff1a\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed3\u679c\n  while (!stack.isEmpty) {\n    // \u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u51fa\u6808\u64cd\u4f5c\u201d\u6a21\u62df\u201c\u5f52\u201d\n    res += stack.removeLast();\n  }\n  // res = 1+2+3+...+n\n  return res;\n}\n
    recursion.rs
    /* \u4f7f\u7528\u8fed\u4ee3\u6a21\u62df\u9012\u5f52 */\nfn for_loop_recur(n: i32) -> i32 {\n    // \u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u663e\u5f0f\u7684\u6808\u6765\u6a21\u62df\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u6808\n    let mut stack = Vec::new();\n    let mut res = 0;\n    // \u9012\uff1a\u9012\u5f52\u8c03\u7528\n    for i in (1..=n).rev() {\n        // \u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u5165\u6808\u64cd\u4f5c\u201d\u6a21\u62df\u201c\u9012\u201d\n        stack.push(i);\n    }\n    // \u5f52\uff1a\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed3\u679c\n    while !stack.is_empty() {\n        // \u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u51fa\u6808\u64cd\u4f5c\u201d\u6a21\u62df\u201c\u5f52\u201d\n        res += stack.pop().unwrap();\n    }\n    // res = 1+2+3+...+n\n    res\n}\n
    recursion.c
    /* \u4f7f\u7528\u8fed\u4ee3\u6a21\u62df\u9012\u5f52 */\nint forLoopRecur(int n) {\n    int stack[1000]; // \u501f\u52a9\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u6570\u7ec4\u6765\u6a21\u62df\u6808\n    int top = -1;    // \u6808\u9876\u7d22\u5f15\n    int res = 0;\n    // \u9012\uff1a\u9012\u5f52\u8c03\u7528\n    for (int i = n; i > 0; i--) {\n        // \u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u5165\u6808\u64cd\u4f5c\u201d\u6a21\u62df\u201c\u9012\u201d\n        stack[1 + top++] = i;\n    }\n    // \u5f52\uff1a\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed3\u679c\n    while (top >= 0) {\n        // \u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u51fa\u6808\u64cd\u4f5c\u201d\u6a21\u62df\u201c\u5f52\u201d\n        res += stack[top--];\n    }\n    // res = 1+2+3+...+n\n    return res;\n}\n
    recursion.zig
    // \u4f7f\u7528\u8fed\u4ee3\u6a21\u62df\u9012\u5f52\nfn forLoopRecur(comptime n: i32) i32 {\n    // \u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u663e\u5f0f\u7684\u6808\u6765\u6a21\u62df\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u6808\n    var stack: [n]i32 = undefined;\n    var res: i32 = 0;\n    // \u9012\uff1a\u9012\u5f52\u8c03\u7528\n    var i: usize = n;\n    while (i > 0) {\n        stack[i - 1] = @intCast(i);\n        i -= 1;\n    }\n    // \u5f52\uff1a\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed3\u679c\n    var index: usize = n;\n    while (index > 0) {\n        index -= 1;\n        res += stack[index];\n    }\n    // res = 1+2+3+...+n\n    return res;\n}\n

    \u89c2\u5bdf\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u5f53\u9012\u5f52\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u8fed\u4ee3\u540e\uff0c\u4ee3\u7801\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u590d\u6742\u4e86\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fed\u4ee3\u548c\u9012\u5f52\u5728\u5f88\u591a\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e92\u76f8\u8f6c\u5316\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u503c\u5f97\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\uff0c\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e24\u70b9\u539f\u56e0\u3002

    • \u8f6c\u5316\u540e\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u52a0\u96be\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u66f4\u5dee\u3002
    • \u5bf9\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e9b\u590d\u6742\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6a21\u62df\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u6808\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\u975e\u5e38\u56f0\u96be\u3002

    \u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u8fed\u4ee3\u8fd8\u662f\u9012\u5f52\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u7279\u5b9a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u3002\u5728\u7f16\u7a0b\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\uff0c\u6743\u8861\u4e24\u8005\u7684\u4f18\u52a3\u5e76\u6839\u636e\u60c5\u5883\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/performance_evaluation/","title":"2.1 \u00a0 \u7b97\u6cd5\u6548\u7387\u8bc4\u4f30","text":"

    \u5728\u7b97\u6cd5\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5148\u540e\u8ffd\u6c42\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e24\u4e2a\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u3002

    1. \u627e\u5230\u95ee\u9898\u89e3\u6cd5\uff1a\u7b97\u6cd5\u9700\u8981\u5728\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u53ef\u9760\u5730\u6c42\u5f97\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u89e3\u3002
    2. \u5bfb\u6c42\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u6cd5\uff1a\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u591a\u79cd\u89e3\u6cd5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u627e\u5230\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002

    \u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u80fd\u591f\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\uff0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u6548\u7387\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u8861\u91cf\u7b97\u6cd5\u4f18\u52a3\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u8bc4\u4ef7\u6307\u6807\uff0c\u5b83\u5305\u62ec\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ef4\u5ea6\u3002

    • \u65f6\u95f4\u6548\u7387\uff1a\u7b97\u6cd5\u8fd0\u884c\u901f\u5ea6\u7684\u5feb\u6162\u3002
    • \u7a7a\u95f4\u6548\u7387\uff1a\u7b97\u6cd5\u5360\u7528\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u3002

    \u7b80\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u8bbe\u8ba1\u201c\u65e2\u5feb\u53c8\u7701\u201d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002\u800c\u6709\u6548\u5730\u8bc4\u4f30\u7b97\u6cd5\u6548\u7387\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u53ea\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u6211\u4eec\u624d\u80fd\u5c06\u5404\u79cd\u7b97\u6cd5\u8fdb\u884c\u5bf9\u6bd4\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u6307\u5bfc\u7b97\u6cd5\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e0e\u4f18\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002

    \u6548\u7387\u8bc4\u4f30\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e3b\u8981\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u79cd\uff1a\u5b9e\u9645\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3001\u7406\u8bba\u4f30\u7b97\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/performance_evaluation/#211","title":"2.1.1 \u00a0 \u5b9e\u9645\u6d4b\u8bd5","text":"

    \u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u6709\u7b97\u6cd5 A \u548c\u7b97\u6cd5 B \uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u80fd\u89e3\u51b3\u540c\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u6bd4\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u6548\u7387\u3002\u6700\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u627e\u4e00\u53f0\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\uff0c\u8fd0\u884c\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u76d1\u63a7\u8bb0\u5f55\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u5185\u5b58\u5360\u7528\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bc4\u4f30\u65b9\u5f0f\u80fd\u591f\u53cd\u6620\u771f\u5b9e\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u5c40\u9650\u6027\u3002

    \u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u96be\u4ee5\u6392\u9664\u6d4b\u8bd5\u73af\u5883\u7684\u5e72\u6270\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u786c\u4ef6\u914d\u7f6e\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u5728\u67d0\u53f0\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e2d\uff0c\u7b97\u6cd5 A \u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u6bd4\u7b97\u6cd5 B \u77ed\uff1b\u4f46\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u53f0\u914d\u7f6e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5728\u5404\u79cd\u673a\u5668\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u7edf\u8ba1\u5e73\u5747\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e0d\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u3002

    \u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5c55\u5f00\u5b8c\u6574\u6d4b\u8bd5\u975e\u5e38\u8017\u8d39\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u968f\u7740\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u4f1a\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6548\u7387\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u8f83\u5c0f\u65f6\uff0c\u7b97\u6cd5 A \u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u6bd4\u7b97\u6cd5 B \u77ed\uff1b\u800c\u5728\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u8f83\u5927\u65f6\uff0c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7ed3\u679c\u53ef\u80fd\u6070\u6070\u76f8\u53cd\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u5f97\u5230\u6709\u8bf4\u670d\u529b\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5404\u79cd\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u9700\u8981\u8017\u8d39\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u8d44\u6e90\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/performance_evaluation/#212","title":"2.1.2 \u00a0 \u7406\u8bba\u4f30\u7b97","text":"

    \u7531\u4e8e\u5b9e\u9645\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5177\u6709\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u5c40\u9650\u6027\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8003\u8651\u4ec5\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e9b\u8ba1\u7b97\u6765\u8bc4\u4f30\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u6548\u7387\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u4f30\u7b97\u65b9\u6cd5\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u300c\u6e10\u8fd1\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5206\u6790 asymptotic complexity analysis\u300d\uff0c\u7b80\u79f0\u300c\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5206\u6790\u300d\u3002

    \u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5206\u6790\u80fd\u591f\u4f53\u73b0\u7b97\u6cd5\u8fd0\u884c\u6240\u9700\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u8d44\u6e90\u4e0e\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5927\u5c0f\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u5b83\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u968f\u7740\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u6267\u884c\u6240\u9700\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u589e\u957f\u8d8b\u52bf\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b9a\u4e49\u6709\u4e9b\u62d7\u53e3\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u5176\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u4e2a\u91cd\u70b9\u6765\u7406\u89e3\u3002

    • \u201c\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u8d44\u6e90\u201d\u5206\u522b\u5bf9\u5e94\u300c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 time complexity\u300d\u548c\u300c\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 space complexity\u300d\u3002
    • \u201c\u968f\u7740\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u201d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u7b97\u6cd5\u8fd0\u884c\u6548\u7387\u4e0e\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u4f53\u91cf\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002
    • \u201c\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u589e\u957f\u8d8b\u52bf\u201d\u8868\u793a\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5206\u6790\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u6216\u5360\u7528\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u503c\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u65f6\u95f4\u6216\u7a7a\u95f4\u589e\u957f\u7684\u201c\u5feb\u6162\u201d\u3002

    \u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5206\u6790\u514b\u670d\u4e86\u5b9e\u9645\u6d4b\u8bd5\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u5f0a\u7aef\uff0c\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u3002

    • \u5b83\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8e\u6d4b\u8bd5\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u5206\u6790\u7ed3\u679c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6240\u6709\u8fd0\u884c\u5e73\u53f0\u3002
    • \u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f53\u73b0\u4e0d\u540c\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u4e0b\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u5927\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u4e0b\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u6027\u80fd\u3002

    Tip

    \u5982\u679c\u4f60\u4ecd\u5bf9\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u611f\u5230\u56f0\u60d1\uff0c\u65e0\u987b\u62c5\u5fc3\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u5728\u540e\u7eed\u7ae0\u8282\u4e2d\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u3002

    \u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5206\u6790\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u628a\u8bc4\u4f30\u7b97\u6cd5\u6548\u7387\u7684\u201c\u6807\u5c3a\u201d\uff0c\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8861\u91cf\u6267\u884c\u67d0\u4e2a\u7b97\u6cd5\u6240\u9700\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u5bf9\u6bd4\u4e0d\u540c\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6548\u7387\u3002

    \u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u662f\u4e2a\u6570\u5b66\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u521d\u5b66\u8005\u53ef\u80fd\u6bd4\u8f83\u62bd\u8c61\uff0c\u5b66\u4e60\u96be\u5ea6\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u9ad8\u3002\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5206\u6790\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u592a\u9002\u5408\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6700\u5148\u4ecb\u7ecd\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u8ba8\u8bba\u67d0\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u6216\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u65f6\uff0c\u96be\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u8981\u5206\u6790\u5176\u8fd0\u884c\u901f\u5ea6\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5\u3002

    \u7efc\u4e0a\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u4f60\u5728\u6df1\u5165\u5b66\u4e60\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5148\u5bf9\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5206\u6790\u5efa\u7acb\u521d\u6b65\u7684\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u80fd\u591f\u5b8c\u6210\u7b80\u5355\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5206\u6790\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/space_complexity/","title":"2.4 \u00a0 \u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6","text":"

    \u300c\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 space complexity\u300d\u7528\u4e8e\u8861\u91cf\u7b97\u6cd5\u5360\u7528\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u968f\u7740\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u53d8\u5927\u65f6\u7684\u589e\u957f\u8d8b\u52bf\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0e\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u975e\u5e38\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u5c06\u201c\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u201d\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u201c\u5360\u7528\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u201d\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/space_complexity/#241","title":"2.4.1 \u00a0 \u7b97\u6cd5\u76f8\u5173\u7a7a\u95f4","text":"

    \u7b97\u6cd5\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u62ec\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u79cd\u3002

    • \u8f93\u5165\u7a7a\u95f4\uff1a\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u3002
    • \u6682\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\uff1a\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u7b97\u6cd5\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u5bf9\u8c61\u3001\u51fd\u6570\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u7b49\u6570\u636e\u3002
    • \u8f93\u51fa\u7a7a\u95f4\uff1a\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u6570\u636e\u3002

    \u4e00\u822c\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u8303\u56f4\u662f\u201c\u6682\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u201d\u52a0\u4e0a\u201c\u8f93\u51fa\u7a7a\u95f4\u201d\u3002

    \u6682\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\u3002

    • \u6682\u5b58\u6570\u636e\uff1a\u7528\u4e8e\u4fdd\u5b58\u7b97\u6cd5\u8fd0\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u5e38\u91cf\u3001\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u5bf9\u8c61\u7b49\u3002
    • \u6808\u5e27\u7a7a\u95f4\uff1a\u7528\u4e8e\u4fdd\u5b58\u8c03\u7528\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u6570\u636e\u3002\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u6bcf\u6b21\u8c03\u7528\u51fd\u6570\u65f6\u90fd\u4f1a\u5728\u6808\u9876\u90e8\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6808\u5e27\uff0c\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u540e\uff0c\u6808\u5e27\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f1a\u88ab\u91ca\u653e\u3002
    • \u6307\u4ee4\u7a7a\u95f4\uff1a\u7528\u4e8e\u4fdd\u5b58\u7f16\u8bd1\u540e\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u7edf\u8ba1\u4e2d\u901a\u5e38\u5ffd\u7565\u4e0d\u8ba1\u3002

    \u5728\u5206\u6790\u4e00\u6bb5\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u7edf\u8ba1\u6682\u5b58\u6570\u636e\u3001\u6808\u5e27\u7a7a\u95f4\u548c\u8f93\u51fa\u6570\u636e\u4e09\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5982\u56fe 2-15 \u6240\u793a\u3002

    \u56fe 2-15 \u00a0 \u7b97\u6cd5\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u7a7a\u95f4

    \u76f8\u5173\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig 
    class Node:\n    \"\"\"\u7c7b\"\"\"\n    def __init__(self, x: int):\n        self.val: int = x              # \u8282\u70b9\u503c\n        self.next: Node | None = None  # \u6307\u5411\u4e0b\u4e00\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5f15\u7528\n\ndef function() -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u51fd\u6570\"\"\"\n    # \u6267\u884c\u67d0\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c...\n    return 0\n\ndef algorithm(n) -> int:  # \u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\n    A = 0                 # \u6682\u5b58\u6570\u636e\uff08\u5e38\u91cf\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u7528\u5927\u5199\u5b57\u6bcd\u8868\u793a\uff09\n    b = 0                 # \u6682\u5b58\u6570\u636e\uff08\u53d8\u91cf\uff09\n    node = Node(0)        # \u6682\u5b58\u6570\u636e\uff08\u5bf9\u8c61\uff09\n    c = function()        # \u6808\u5e27\u7a7a\u95f4\uff08\u8c03\u7528\u51fd\u6570\uff09\n    return A + b + c      # \u8f93\u51fa\u6570\u636e\n
    /* \u7ed3\u6784\u4f53 */\nstruct Node {\n    int val;\n    Node *next;\n    Node(int x) : val(x), next(nullptr) {}\n};\n\n/* \u51fd\u6570 */\nint func() {\n    // \u6267\u884c\u67d0\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c...\n    return 0;\n}\n\nint algorithm(int n) {        // \u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\n    const int a = 0;          // \u6682\u5b58\u6570\u636e\uff08\u5e38\u91cf\uff09\n    int b = 0;                // \u6682\u5b58\u6570\u636e\uff08\u53d8\u91cf\uff09\n    Node* node = new Node(0); // \u6682\u5b58\u6570\u636e\uff08\u5bf9\u8c61\uff09\n    int c = func();           // \u6808\u5e27\u7a7a\u95f4\uff08\u8c03\u7528\u51fd\u6570\uff09\n    return a + b + c;         // \u8f93\u51fa\u6570\u636e\n}\n
    /* \u7c7b */\nclass Node {\n    int val;\n    Node next;\n    Node(int x) { val = x; }\n}\n\n/* \u51fd\u6570 */\nint function() {\n    // \u6267\u884c\u67d0\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c...\n    return 0;\n}\n\nint algorithm(int n) {        // \u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\n    final int a = 0;          // \u6682\u5b58\u6570\u636e\uff08\u5e38\u91cf\uff09\n    int b = 0;                // \u6682\u5b58\u6570\u636e\uff08\u53d8\u91cf\uff09\n    Node node = new Node(0);  // \u6682\u5b58\u6570\u636e\uff08\u5bf9\u8c61\uff09\n    int c = function();       // \u6808\u5e27\u7a7a\u95f4\uff08\u8c03\u7528\u51fd\u6570\uff09\n    return a + b + c;         // \u8f93\u51fa\u6570\u636e\n}\n
    /* \u7c7b */\nclass Node(int x) {\n    int val = x;\n    Node next;\n}\n\n/* \u51fd\u6570 */\nint Function() {\n    // \u6267\u884c\u67d0\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c...\n    return 0;\n}\n\nint Algorithm(int n) {        // \u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\n    const int a = 0;          // \u6682\u5b58\u6570\u636e\uff08\u5e38\u91cf\uff09\n    int b = 0;                // \u6682\u5b58\u6570\u636e\uff08\u53d8\u91cf\uff09\n    Node node = new(0);       // \u6682\u5b58\u6570\u636e\uff08\u5bf9\u8c61\uff09\n    int c = Function();       // \u6808\u5e27\u7a7a\u95f4\uff08\u8c03\u7528\u51fd\u6570\uff09\n    return a + b + c;         // \u8f93\u51fa\u6570\u636e\n}\n
    /* \u7ed3\u6784\u4f53 */\ntype node struct {\n    val  int\n    next *node\n}\n\n/* \u521b\u5efa node \u7ed3\u6784\u4f53  */\nfunc newNode(val int) *node {\n    return &node{val: val}\n}\n\n/* \u51fd\u6570 */\nfunc function() int {\n    // \u6267\u884c\u67d0\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c...\n    return 0\n}\n\nfunc algorithm(n int) int { // \u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\n    const a = 0             // \u6682\u5b58\u6570\u636e\uff08\u5e38\u91cf\uff09\n    b := 0                  // \u6682\u5b58\u6570\u636e\uff08\u53d8\u91cf\uff09\n    newNode(0)              // \u6682\u5b58\u6570\u636e\uff08\u5bf9\u8c61\uff09\n    c := function()         // \u6808\u5e27\u7a7a\u95f4\uff08\u8c03\u7528\u51fd\u6570\uff09\n    return a + b + c        // \u8f93\u51fa\u6570\u636e\n}\n
    /* \u7c7b */\nclass Node {\n    var val: Int\n    var next: Node?\n\n    init(x: Int) {\n        val = x\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u51fd\u6570 */\nfunc function() -> Int {\n    // \u6267\u884c\u67d0\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c...\n    return 0\n}\n\nfunc algorithm(n: Int) -> Int { // \u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\n    let a = 0             // \u6682\u5b58\u6570\u636e\uff08\u5e38\u91cf\uff09\n    var b = 0             // \u6682\u5b58\u6570\u636e\uff08\u53d8\u91cf\uff09\n    let node = Node(x: 0) // \u6682\u5b58\u6570\u636e\uff08\u5bf9\u8c61\uff09\n    let c = function()    // \u6808\u5e27\u7a7a\u95f4\uff08\u8c03\u7528\u51fd\u6570\uff09\n    return a + b + c      // \u8f93\u51fa\u6570\u636e\n}\n
    /* \u7c7b */\nclass Node {\n    val;\n    next;\n    constructor(val) {\n        this.val = val === undefined ? 0 : val; // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\n        this.next = null;                       // \u6307\u5411\u4e0b\u4e00\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5f15\u7528\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u51fd\u6570 */\nfunction constFunc() {\n    // \u6267\u884c\u67d0\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\n    return 0;\n}\n\nfunction algorithm(n) {       // \u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\n    const a = 0;              // \u6682\u5b58\u6570\u636e\uff08\u5e38\u91cf\uff09\n    let b = 0;                // \u6682\u5b58\u6570\u636e\uff08\u53d8\u91cf\uff09\n    const node = new Node(0); // \u6682\u5b58\u6570\u636e\uff08\u5bf9\u8c61\uff09\n    const c = constFunc();    // \u6808\u5e27\u7a7a\u95f4\uff08\u8c03\u7528\u51fd\u6570\uff09\n    return a + b + c;         // \u8f93\u51fa\u6570\u636e\n}\n
    /* \u7c7b */\nclass Node {\n    val: number;\n    next: Node | null;\n    constructor(val?: number) {\n        this.val = val === undefined ? 0 : val; // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\n        this.next = null;                       // \u6307\u5411\u4e0b\u4e00\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5f15\u7528\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u51fd\u6570 */\nfunction constFunc(): number {\n    // \u6267\u884c\u67d0\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\n    return 0;\n}\n\nfunction algorithm(n: number): number { // \u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\n    const a = 0;                        // \u6682\u5b58\u6570\u636e\uff08\u5e38\u91cf\uff09\n    let b = 0;                          // \u6682\u5b58\u6570\u636e\uff08\u53d8\u91cf\uff09\n    const node = new Node(0);           // \u6682\u5b58\u6570\u636e\uff08\u5bf9\u8c61\uff09\n    const c = constFunc();              // \u6808\u5e27\u7a7a\u95f4\uff08\u8c03\u7528\u51fd\u6570\uff09\n    return a + b + c;                   // \u8f93\u51fa\u6570\u636e\n}\n
    /* \u7c7b */\nclass Node {\n  int val;\n  Node next;\n  Node(this.val, [this.next]);\n}\n\n/* \u51fd\u6570 */\nint function() {\n  // \u6267\u884c\u67d0\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c...\n  return 0;\n}\n\nint algorithm(int n) {  // \u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\n  const int a = 0;      // \u6682\u5b58\u6570\u636e\uff08\u5e38\u91cf\uff09\n  int b = 0;            // \u6682\u5b58\u6570\u636e\uff08\u53d8\u91cf\uff09\n  Node node = Node(0);  // \u6682\u5b58\u6570\u636e\uff08\u5bf9\u8c61\uff09\n  int c = function();   // \u6808\u5e27\u7a7a\u95f4\uff08\u8c03\u7528\u51fd\u6570\uff09\n  return a + b + c;     // \u8f93\u51fa\u6570\u636e\n}\n
    use std::rc::Rc;\nuse std::cell::RefCell;\n\n/* \u7ed3\u6784\u4f53 */\nstruct Node {\n    val: i32,\n    next: Option<Rc<RefCell<Node>>>,\n}\n\n/* \u521b\u5efa Node \u7ed3\u6784\u4f53 */\nimpl Node {\n    fn new(val: i32) -> Self {\n        Self { val: val, next: None }\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u51fd\u6570 */\nfn function() -> i32 {      \n    // \u6267\u884c\u67d0\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c...\n    return 0;\n}\n\nfn algorithm(n: i32) -> i32 {       // \u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\n    const a: i32 = 0;               // \u6682\u5b58\u6570\u636e\uff08\u5e38\u91cf\uff09\n    let mut b = 0;                  // \u6682\u5b58\u6570\u636e\uff08\u53d8\u91cf\uff09\n    let node = Node::new(0);        // \u6682\u5b58\u6570\u636e\uff08\u5bf9\u8c61\uff09\n    let c = function();             // \u6808\u5e27\u7a7a\u95f4\uff08\u8c03\u7528\u51fd\u6570\uff09\n    return a + b + c;               // \u8f93\u51fa\u6570\u636e\n}\n
    /* \u51fd\u6570 */\nint func() {\n    // \u6267\u884c\u67d0\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c...\n    return 0;\n}\n\nint algorithm(int n) { // \u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\n    const int a = 0;   // \u6682\u5b58\u6570\u636e\uff08\u5e38\u91cf\uff09\n    int b = 0;         // \u6682\u5b58\u6570\u636e\uff08\u53d8\u91cf\uff09\n    int c = func();    // \u6808\u5e27\u7a7a\u95f4\uff08\u8c03\u7528\u51fd\u6570\uff09\n    return a + b + c;  // \u8f93\u51fa\u6570\u636e\n}\n
    \n
    "},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/space_complexity/#242","title":"2.4.2 \u00a0 \u63a8\u7b97\u65b9\u6cd5","text":"

    \u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7684\u63a8\u7b97\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0e\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5927\u81f4\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u5c06\u7edf\u8ba1\u5bf9\u8c61\u4ece\u201c\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u91cf\u201d\u8f6c\u4e3a\u201c\u4f7f\u7528\u7a7a\u95f4\u5927\u5c0f\u201d\u3002

    \u800c\u4e0e\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u53ea\u5173\u6ce8\u6700\u5dee\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u662f\u4e00\u9879\u786c\u6027\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u786e\u4fdd\u5728\u6240\u6709\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u4e0b\u90fd\u6709\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u9884\u7559\u3002

    \u89c2\u5bdf\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u6700\u5dee\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u6700\u5dee\u201d\u6709\u4e24\u5c42\u542b\u4e49\u3002

    1. \u4ee5\u6700\u5dee\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u4e3a\u51c6\uff1a\u5f53 \\(n < 10\\) \u65f6\uff0c\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(1)\\) \uff1b\u4f46\u5f53 \\(n > 10\\) \u65f6\uff0c\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7684\u6570\u7ec4 nums \u5360\u7528 \\(O(n)\\) \u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6700\u5dee\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n)\\) \u3002
    2. \u4ee5\u7b97\u6cd5\u8fd0\u884c\u4e2d\u7684\u5cf0\u503c\u5185\u5b58\u4e3a\u51c6\uff1a\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5728\u6267\u884c\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u884c\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5360\u7528 \\(O(1)\\) \u7a7a\u95f4\uff1b\u5f53\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4 nums \u65f6\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5360\u7528 \\(O(n)\\) \u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6700\u5dee\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n)\\) \u3002
    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig 
    def algorithm(n: int):\n    a = 0               # O(1)\n    b = [0] * 10000     # O(1)\n    if n > 10:\n        nums = [0] * n  # O(n)\n
    void algorithm(int n) {\n    int a = 0;               // O(1)\n    vector<int> b(10000);    // O(1)\n    if (n > 10)\n        vector<int> nums(n); // O(n)\n}\n
    void algorithm(int n) {\n    int a = 0;                   // O(1)\n    int[] b = new int[10000];    // O(1)\n    if (n > 10)\n        int[] nums = new int[n]; // O(n)\n}\n
    void Algorithm(int n) {\n    int a = 0;                   // O(1)\n    int[] b = new int[10000];    // O(1)\n    if (n > 10) {\n        int[] nums = new int[n]; // O(n)\n    }\n}\n
    func algorithm(n int) {\n    a := 0                      // O(1)\n    b := make([]int, 10000)     // O(1)\n    var nums []int\n    if n > 10 {\n        nums := make([]int, n)  // O(n)\n    }\n    fmt.Println(a, b, nums)\n}\n
    func algorithm(n: Int) {\n    let a = 0 // O(1)\n    let b = Array(repeating: 0, count: 10000) // O(1)\n    if n > 10 {\n        let nums = Array(repeating: 0, count: n) // O(n)\n    }\n}\n
    function algorithm(n) {\n    const a = 0;                   // O(1)\n    const b = new Array(10000);    // O(1)\n    if (n > 10) {\n        const nums = new Array(n); // O(n)\n    }\n}\n
    function algorithm(n: number): void {\n    const a = 0;                   // O(1)\n    const b = new Array(10000);    // O(1)\n    if (n > 10) {\n        const nums = new Array(n); // O(n)\n    }\n}\n
    void algorithm(int n) {\n  int a = 0;                            // O(1)\n  List<int> b = List.filled(10000, 0);  // O(1)\n  if (n > 10) {\n    List<int> nums = List.filled(n, 0); // O(n)\n  }\n}\n
    fn algorithm(n: i32) {\n    let a = 0;                              // O(1)\n    let b = [0; 10000];                     // O(1)\n    if n > 10 {\n        let nums = vec![0; n as usize];     // O(n)\n    }\n}\n
    void algorithm(int n) {\n    int a = 0;               // O(1)\n    int b[10000];            // O(1)\n    if (n > 10)\n        int nums[n] = {0};   // O(n)\n}\n
    \n

    \u5728\u9012\u5f52\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7edf\u8ba1\u6808\u5e27\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u89c2\u5bdf\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig 
    def function() -> int:\n    # \u6267\u884c\u67d0\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\n    return 0\n\ndef loop(n: int):\n    \"\"\"\u5faa\u73af\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a O(1)\"\"\"\n    for _ in range(n):\n        function()\n\ndef recur(n: int) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u9012\u5f52\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a O(n)\"\"\"\n    if n == 1: return\n    return recur(n - 1)\n
    int func() {\n    // \u6267\u884c\u67d0\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\n    return 0;\n}\n/* \u5faa\u73af O(1) */\nvoid loop(int n) {\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        func();\n    }\n}\n/* \u9012\u5f52 O(n) */\nvoid recur(int n) {\n    if (n == 1) return;\n    return recur(n - 1);\n}\n
    int function() {\n    // \u6267\u884c\u67d0\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\n    return 0;\n}\n/* \u5faa\u73af O(1) */\nvoid loop(int n) {\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        function();\n    }\n}\n/* \u9012\u5f52 O(n) */\nvoid recur(int n) {\n    if (n == 1) return;\n    return recur(n - 1);\n}\n
    int Function() {\n    // \u6267\u884c\u67d0\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\n    return 0;\n}\n/* \u5faa\u73af O(1) */\nvoid Loop(int n) {\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        Function();\n    }\n}\n/* \u9012\u5f52 O(n) */\nint Recur(int n) {\n    if (n == 1) return 1;\n    return Recur(n - 1);\n}\n
    func function() int {\n    // \u6267\u884c\u67d0\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\n    return 0\n}\n\n/* \u5faa\u73af O(1) */\nfunc loop(n int) {\n    for i := 0; i < n; i++ {\n        function()\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u9012\u5f52 O(n) */\nfunc recur(n int) {\n    if n == 1 {\n        return\n    }\n    recur(n - 1)\n}\n
    @discardableResult\nfunc function() -> Int {\n    // \u6267\u884c\u67d0\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\n    return 0\n}\n\n/* \u5faa\u73af O(1) */\nfunc loop(n: Int) {\n    for _ in 0 ..< n {\n        function()\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u9012\u5f52 O(n) */\nfunc recur(n: Int) {\n    if n == 1 {\n        return\n    }\n    recur(n: n - 1)\n}\n
    function constFunc() {\n    // \u6267\u884c\u67d0\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\n    return 0;\n}\n/* \u5faa\u73af O(1) */\nfunction loop(n) {\n    for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        constFunc();\n    }\n}\n/* \u9012\u5f52 O(n) */\nfunction recur(n) {\n    if (n === 1) return;\n    return recur(n - 1);\n}\n
    function constFunc(): number {\n    // \u6267\u884c\u67d0\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\n    return 0;\n}\n/* \u5faa\u73af O(1) */\nfunction loop(n: number): void {\n    for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        constFunc();\n    }\n}\n/* \u9012\u5f52 O(n) */\nfunction recur(n: number): void {\n    if (n === 1) return;\n    return recur(n - 1);\n}\n
    int function() {\n  // \u6267\u884c\u67d0\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\n  return 0;\n}\n/* \u5faa\u73af O(1) */\nvoid loop(int n) {\n  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n    function();\n  }\n}\n/* \u9012\u5f52 O(n) */\nvoid recur(int n) {\n  if (n == 1) return;\n  return recur(n - 1);\n}\n
    fn function() -> i32 {\n    // \u6267\u884c\u67d0\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\n    return 0;\n}\n/* \u5faa\u73af O(1) */\nfn loop(n: i32) {\n    for i in 0..n {\n        function();\n    }\n}\n/* \u9012\u5f52 O(n) */\nvoid recur(n: i32) {\n    if n == 1 {\n        return;\n    }\n    recur(n - 1);\n}\n
    int func() {\n    // \u6267\u884c\u67d0\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\n    return 0;\n}\n/* \u5faa\u73af O(1) */\nvoid loop(int n) {\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        func();\n    }\n}\n/* \u9012\u5f52 O(n) */\nvoid recur(int n) {\n    if (n == 1) return;\n    return recur(n - 1);\n}\n
    \n

    \u51fd\u6570 loop() \u548c recur() \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u90fd\u4e3a \\(O(n)\\) \uff0c\u4f46\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e0d\u540c\u3002

    • \u51fd\u6570 loop() \u5728\u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u8c03\u7528\u4e86 \\(n\\) \u6b21 function() \uff0c\u6bcf\u8f6e\u4e2d\u7684 function() \u90fd\u8fd4\u56de\u5e76\u91ca\u653e\u4e86\u6808\u5e27\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4ecd\u4e3a \\(O(1)\\) \u3002
    • \u9012\u5f52\u51fd\u6570 recur() \u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4f1a\u540c\u65f6\u5b58\u5728 \\(n\\) \u4e2a\u672a\u8fd4\u56de\u7684 recur() \uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5360\u7528 \\(O(n)\\) \u7684\u6808\u5e27\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/space_complexity/#243","title":"2.4.3 \u00a0 \u5e38\u89c1\u7c7b\u578b","text":"

    \u8bbe\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5927\u5c0f\u4e3a \\(n\\) \uff0c\u56fe 2-16 \u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7c7b\u578b\uff08\u4ece\u4f4e\u5230\u9ad8\u6392\u5217\uff09\u3002

    \\[ \\begin{aligned} O(1) < O(\\log n) < O(n) < O(n^2) < O(2^n) \\newline \\text{\u5e38\u6570\u9636} < \\text{\u5bf9\u6570\u9636} < \\text{\u7ebf\u6027\u9636} < \\text{\u5e73\u65b9\u9636} < \\text{\u6307\u6570\u9636} \\end{aligned} \\]

    \u56fe 2-16 \u00a0 \u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7c7b\u578b

    "},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/space_complexity/#1-o1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u5e38\u6570\u9636 \\(O(1)\\)","text":"

    \u5e38\u6570\u9636\u5e38\u89c1\u4e8e\u6570\u91cf\u4e0e\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5927\u5c0f \\(n\\) \u65e0\u5173\u7684\u5e38\u91cf\u3001\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002

    \u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53d8\u91cf\u6216\u8c03\u7528\u51fd\u6570\u800c\u5360\u7528\u7684\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u5728\u8fdb\u5165\u4e0b\u4e00\u5faa\u73af\u540e\u5c31\u4f1a\u88ab\u91ca\u653e\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u4f1a\u7d2f\u79ef\u5360\u7528\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4ecd\u4e3a \\(O(1)\\) \uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig space_complexity.py
    def function() -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u51fd\u6570\"\"\"\n    # \u6267\u884c\u67d0\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\n    return 0\n\ndef constant(n: int):\n    \"\"\"\u5e38\u6570\u9636\"\"\"\n    # \u5e38\u91cf\u3001\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u5bf9\u8c61\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    a = 0\n    nums = [0] * 10000\n    node = ListNode(0)\n    # \u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    for _ in range(n):\n        c = 0\n    # \u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    for _ in range(n):\n        function()\n
    space_complexity.cpp
    /* \u51fd\u6570 */\nint func() {\n    // \u6267\u884c\u67d0\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\n    return 0;\n}\n\n/* \u5e38\u6570\u9636 */\nvoid constant(int n) {\n    // \u5e38\u91cf\u3001\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u5bf9\u8c61\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    const int a = 0;\n    int b = 0;\n    vector<int> nums(10000);\n    ListNode node(0);\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        int c = 0;\n    }\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        func();\n    }\n}\n
    space_complexity.java
    /* \u51fd\u6570 */\nint function() {\n    // \u6267\u884c\u67d0\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\n    return 0;\n}\n\n/* \u5e38\u6570\u9636 */\nvoid constant(int n) {\n    // \u5e38\u91cf\u3001\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u5bf9\u8c61\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    final int a = 0;\n    int b = 0;\n    int[] nums = new int[10000];\n    ListNode node = new ListNode(0);\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        int c = 0;\n    }\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        function();\n    }\n}\n
    space_complexity.cs
    /* \u51fd\u6570 */\nint Function() {\n    // \u6267\u884c\u67d0\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\n    return 0;\n}\n\n/* \u5e38\u6570\u9636 */\nvoid Constant(int n) {\n    // \u5e38\u91cf\u3001\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u5bf9\u8c61\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    int a = 0;\n    int b = 0;\n    int[] nums = new int[10000];\n    ListNode node = new(0);\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        int c = 0;\n    }\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        Function();\n    }\n}\n
    space_complexity.go
    /* \u51fd\u6570 */\nfunc function() int {\n    // \u6267\u884c\u67d0\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c...\n    return 0\n}\n\n/* \u5e38\u6570\u9636 */\nfunc spaceConstant(n int) {\n    // \u5e38\u91cf\u3001\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u5bf9\u8c61\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    const a = 0\n    b := 0\n    nums := make([]int, 10000)\n    ListNode := newNode(0)\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    var c int\n    for i := 0; i < n; i++ {\n        c = 0\n    }\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    for i := 0; i < n; i++ {\n        function()\n    }\n    fmt.Println(a, b, nums, c, ListNode)\n}\n
    space_complexity.swift
    /* \u51fd\u6570 */\n@discardableResult\nfunc function() -> Int {\n    // \u6267\u884c\u67d0\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\n    return 0\n}\n\n/* \u5e38\u6570\u9636 */\nfunc constant(n: Int) {\n    // \u5e38\u91cf\u3001\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u5bf9\u8c61\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    let a = 0\n    var b = 0\n    let nums = Array(repeating: 0, count: 10000)\n    let node = ListNode(x: 0)\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    for _ in 0 ..< n {\n        let c = 0\n    }\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    for _ in 0 ..< n {\n        function()\n    }\n}\n
    space_complexity.js
    /* \u51fd\u6570 */\nfunction constFunc() {\n    // \u6267\u884c\u67d0\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\n    return 0;\n}\n\n/* \u5e38\u6570\u9636 */\nfunction constant(n) {\n    // \u5e38\u91cf\u3001\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u5bf9\u8c61\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    const a = 0;\n    const b = 0;\n    const nums = new Array(10000);\n    const node = new ListNode(0);\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        const c = 0;\n    }\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        constFunc();\n    }\n}\n
    space_complexity.ts
    /* \u51fd\u6570 */\nfunction constFunc(): number {\n    // \u6267\u884c\u67d0\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\n    return 0;\n}\n\n/* \u5e38\u6570\u9636 */\nfunction constant(n: number): void {\n    // \u5e38\u91cf\u3001\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u5bf9\u8c61\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    const a = 0;\n    const b = 0;\n    const nums = new Array(10000);\n    const node = new ListNode(0);\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        const c = 0;\n    }\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        constFunc();\n    }\n}\n
    space_complexity.dart
    /* \u51fd\u6570 */\nint function() {\n  // \u6267\u884c\u67d0\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\n  return 0;\n}\n\n/* \u5e38\u6570\u9636 */\nvoid constant(int n) {\n  // \u5e38\u91cf\u3001\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u5bf9\u8c61\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\n  final int a = 0;\n  int b = 0;\n  List<int> nums = List.filled(10000, 0);\n  ListNode node = ListNode(0);\n  // \u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\n  for (var i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n    int c = 0;\n  }\n  // \u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\n  for (var i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n    function();\n  }\n}\n
    space_complexity.rs
    /* \u51fd\u6570 */\nfn function() ->i32 {\n    // \u6267\u884c\u67d0\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\n    return 0;\n}\n\n/* \u5e38\u6570\u9636 */\n#[allow(unused)]\nfn constant(n: i32) {\n    // \u5e38\u91cf\u3001\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u5bf9\u8c61\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    const A: i32 = 0;\n    let b = 0;\n    let nums = vec![0; 10000];\n    let node = ListNode::new(0);\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    for i in 0..n {\n        let c = 0;\n    }\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    for i in 0..n {\n        function();\n    }\n}\n
    space_complexity.c
    /* \u51fd\u6570 */\nint func() {\n    // \u6267\u884c\u67d0\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\n    return 0;\n}\n\n/* \u5e38\u6570\u9636 */\nvoid constant(int n) {\n    // \u5e38\u91cf\u3001\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u5bf9\u8c61\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    const int a = 0;\n    int b = 0;\n    int nums[1000];\n    ListNode *node = newListNode(0);\n    free(node);\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        int c = 0;\n    }\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        func();\n    }\n}\n
    space_complexity.zig
    // \u51fd\u6570\nfn function() i32 {\n    // \u6267\u884c\u67d0\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\n    return 0;\n}\n\n// \u5e38\u6570\u9636\nfn constant(n: i32) void {\n    // \u5e38\u91cf\u3001\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u5bf9\u8c61\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    const a: i32 = 0;\n    var b: i32 = 0;\n    var nums = [_]i32{0}**10000;\n    var node = inc.ListNode(i32){.val = 0};\n    var i: i32 = 0;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    while (i < n) : (i += 1) {\n        var c: i32 = 0;\n        _ = c;\n    }\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    i = 0;\n    while (i < n) : (i += 1) {\n        _ = function();\n    }\n    _ = a;\n    _ = b;\n    _ = nums;\n    _ = node;\n}\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/space_complexity/#2-on","title":"2. \u00a0 \u7ebf\u6027\u9636 \\(O(n)\\)","text":"

    \u7ebf\u6027\u9636\u5e38\u89c1\u4e8e\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u4e0e \\(n\\) \u6210\u6b63\u6bd4\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u94fe\u8868\u3001\u6808\u3001\u961f\u5217\u7b49\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig space_complexity.py
    def linear(n: int):\n    \"\"\"\u7ebf\u6027\u9636\"\"\"\n    # \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u5217\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    nums = [0] * n\n    # \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    hmap = dict[int, str]()\n    for i in range(n):\n        hmap[i] = str(i)\n
    space_complexity.cpp
    /* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636 */\nvoid linear(int n) {\n    // \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    vector<int> nums(n);\n    // \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u5217\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    vector<ListNode> nodes;\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        nodes.push_back(ListNode(i));\n    }\n    // \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    unordered_map<int, string> map;\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        map[i] = to_string(i);\n    }\n}\n
    space_complexity.java
    /* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636 */\nvoid linear(int n) {\n    // \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    int[] nums = new int[n];\n    // \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u5217\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    List<ListNode> nodes = new ArrayList<>();\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        nodes.add(new ListNode(i));\n    }\n    // \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    Map<Integer, String> map = new HashMap<>();\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        map.put(i, String.valueOf(i));\n    }\n}\n
    space_complexity.cs
    /* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636 */\nvoid Linear(int n) {\n    // \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    int[] nums = new int[n];\n    // \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u5217\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    List<ListNode> nodes = [];\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        nodes.Add(new ListNode(i));\n    }\n    // \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    Dictionary<int, string> map = [];\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        map.Add(i, i.ToString());\n    }\n}\n
    space_complexity.go
    /* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636 */\nfunc spaceLinear(n int) {\n    // \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    _ = make([]int, n)\n    // \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u5217\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    var nodes []*node\n    for i := 0; i < n; i++ {\n        nodes = append(nodes, newNode(i))\n    }\n    // \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    m := make(map[int]string, n)\n    for i := 0; i < n; i++ {\n        m[i] = strconv.Itoa(i)\n    }\n}\n
    space_complexity.swift
    /* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636 */\nfunc linear(n: Int) {\n    // \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    let nums = Array(repeating: 0, count: n)\n    // \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u5217\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    let nodes = (0 ..< n).map { ListNode(x: $0) }\n    // \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    let map = Dictionary(uniqueKeysWithValues: (0 ..< n).map { ($0, \"\\($0)\") })\n}\n
    space_complexity.js
    /* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636 */\nfunction linear(n) {\n    // \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    const nums = new Array(n);\n    // \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u5217\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    const nodes = [];\n    for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        nodes.push(new ListNode(i));\n    }\n    // \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    const map = new Map();\n    for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        map.set(i, i.toString());\n    }\n}\n
    space_complexity.ts
    /* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636 */\nfunction linear(n: number): void {\n    // \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    const nums = new Array(n);\n    // \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u5217\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    const nodes: ListNode[] = [];\n    for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        nodes.push(new ListNode(i));\n    }\n    // \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    const map = new Map();\n    for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        map.set(i, i.toString());\n    }\n}\n
    space_complexity.dart
    /* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636 */\nvoid linear(int n) {\n  // \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\n  List<int> nums = List.filled(n, 0);\n  // \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u5217\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\n  List<ListNode> nodes = [];\n  for (var i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n    nodes.add(ListNode(i));\n  }\n  // \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\n  Map<int, String> map = HashMap();\n  for (var i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n    map.putIfAbsent(i, () => i.toString());\n  }\n}\n
    space_complexity.rs
    /* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636 */\n#[allow(unused)]\nfn linear(n: i32) {\n    // \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    let mut nums = vec![0; n as usize];\n    // \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u5217\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    let mut nodes = Vec::new();\n    for i in 0..n {\n        nodes.push(ListNode::new(i))\n    }\n    // \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    let mut map = HashMap::new();\n    for i in 0..n {\n        map.insert(i, i.to_string());\n    }\n}\n
    space_complexity.c
    /* \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\ntypedef struct {\n    int key;\n    int val;\n    UT_hash_handle hh; // \u57fa\u4e8e uthash.h \u5b9e\u73b0\n} HashTable;\n\n/* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636 */\nvoid linear(int n) {\n    // \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    int *nums = malloc(sizeof(int) * n);\n    free(nums);\n\n    // \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u5217\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    ListNode **nodes = malloc(sizeof(ListNode *) * n);\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        nodes[i] = newListNode(i);\n    }\n    // \u5185\u5b58\u91ca\u653e\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        free(nodes[i]);\n    }\n    free(nodes);\n\n    // \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    HashTable *h = NULL;\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        HashTable *tmp = malloc(sizeof(HashTable));\n        tmp->key = i;\n        tmp->val = i;\n        HASH_ADD_INT(h, key, tmp);\n    }\n\n    // \u5185\u5b58\u91ca\u653e\n    HashTable *curr, *tmp;\n    HASH_ITER(hh, h, curr, tmp) {\n        HASH_DEL(h, curr);\n        free(curr);\n    }\n}\n
    space_complexity.zig
    // \u7ebf\u6027\u9636\nfn linear(comptime n: i32) !void {\n    // \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    var nums = [_]i32{0}**n;\n    // \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u5217\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    var nodes = std.ArrayList(i32).init(std.heap.page_allocator);\n    defer nodes.deinit();\n    var i: i32 = 0;\n    while (i < n) : (i += 1) {\n        try nodes.append(i);\n    }\n    // \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    var map = std.AutoArrayHashMap(i32, []const u8).init(std.heap.page_allocator);\n    defer map.deinit();\n    var j: i32 = 0;\n    while (j < n) : (j += 1) {\n        const string = try std.fmt.allocPrint(std.heap.page_allocator, \"{d}\", .{j});\n        defer std.heap.page_allocator.free(string);\n        try map.put(i, string);\n    }\n    _ = nums;\n}\n

    \u5982\u56fe 2-17 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u6b64\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u9012\u5f52\u6df1\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(n\\) \uff0c\u5373\u540c\u65f6\u5b58\u5728 \\(n\\) \u4e2a\u672a\u8fd4\u56de\u7684 linear_recur() \u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(n)\\) \u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u6808\u5e27\u7a7a\u95f4\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig space_complexity.py
    def linear_recur(n: int):\n    \"\"\"\u7ebf\u6027\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09\"\"\"\n    print(\"\u9012\u5f52 n =\", n)\n    if n == 1:\n        return\n    linear_recur(n - 1)\n
    space_complexity.cpp
    /* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nvoid linearRecur(int n) {\n    cout << \"\u9012\u5f52 n = \" << n << endl;\n    if (n == 1)\n        return;\n    linearRecur(n - 1);\n}\n
    space_complexity.java
    /* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nvoid linearRecur(int n) {\n    System.out.println(\"\u9012\u5f52 n = \" + n);\n    if (n == 1)\n        return;\n    linearRecur(n - 1);\n}\n
    space_complexity.cs
    /* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nvoid LinearRecur(int n) {\n    Console.WriteLine(\"\u9012\u5f52 n = \" + n);\n    if (n == 1) return;\n    LinearRecur(n - 1);\n}\n
    space_complexity.go
    /* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nfunc spaceLinearRecur(n int) {\n    fmt.Println(\"\u9012\u5f52 n =\", n)\n    if n == 1 {\n        return\n    }\n    spaceLinearRecur(n - 1)\n}\n
    space_complexity.swift
    /* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nfunc linearRecur(n: Int) {\n    print(\"\u9012\u5f52 n = \\(n)\")\n    if n == 1 {\n        return\n    }\n    linearRecur(n: n - 1)\n}\n
    space_complexity.js
    /* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nfunction linearRecur(n) {\n    console.log(`\u9012\u5f52 n = ${n}`);\n    if (n === 1) return;\n    linearRecur(n - 1);\n}\n
    space_complexity.ts
    /* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nfunction linearRecur(n: number): void {\n    console.log(`\u9012\u5f52 n = ${n}`);\n    if (n === 1) return;\n    linearRecur(n - 1);\n}\n
    space_complexity.dart
    /* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nvoid linearRecur(int n) {\n  print('\u9012\u5f52 n = $n');\n  if (n == 1) return;\n  linearRecur(n - 1);\n}\n
    space_complexity.rs
    /* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nfn linear_recur(n: i32) {\n    println!(\"\u9012\u5f52 n = {}\", n);\n    if n == 1 {return};\n    linear_recur(n - 1);\n}\n
    space_complexity.c
    /* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nvoid linearRecur(int n) {\n    printf(\"\u9012\u5f52 n = %d\\r\\n\", n);\n    if (n == 1)\n        return;\n    linearRecur(n - 1);\n}\n
    space_complexity.zig
    // \u7ebf\u6027\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09\nfn linearRecur(comptime n: i32) void {\n    std.debug.print(\"\u9012\u5f52 n = {}\\n\", .{n});\n    if (n == 1) return;\n    linearRecur(n - 1);\n}\n

    \u56fe 2-17 \u00a0 \u9012\u5f52\u51fd\u6570\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u7ebf\u6027\u9636\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6

    "},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/space_complexity/#3-on2","title":"3. \u00a0 \u5e73\u65b9\u9636 \\(O(n^2)\\)","text":"

    \u5e73\u65b9\u9636\u5e38\u89c1\u4e8e\u77e9\u9635\u548c\u56fe\uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u4e0e \\(n\\) \u6210\u5e73\u65b9\u5173\u7cfb\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig space_complexity.py
    def quadratic(n: int):\n    \"\"\"\u5e73\u65b9\u9636\"\"\"\n    # \u4e8c\u7ef4\u5217\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n^2) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    num_matrix = [[0] * n for _ in range(n)]\n
    space_complexity.cpp
    /* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636 */\nvoid quadratic(int n) {\n    // \u4e8c\u7ef4\u5217\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n^2) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    vector<vector<int>> numMatrix;\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        vector<int> tmp;\n        for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {\n            tmp.push_back(0);\n        }\n        numMatrix.push_back(tmp);\n    }\n}\n
    space_complexity.java
    /* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636 */\nvoid quadratic(int n) {\n    // \u77e9\u9635\u5360\u7528 O(n^2) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    int[][] numMatrix = new int[n][n];\n    // \u4e8c\u7ef4\u5217\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n^2) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    List<List<Integer>> numList = new ArrayList<>();\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        List<Integer> tmp = new ArrayList<>();\n        for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {\n            tmp.add(0);\n        }\n        numList.add(tmp);\n    }\n}\n
    space_complexity.cs
    /* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636 */\nvoid Quadratic(int n) {\n    // \u77e9\u9635\u5360\u7528 O(n^2) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    int[,] numMatrix = new int[n, n];\n    // \u4e8c\u7ef4\u5217\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n^2) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    List<List<int>> numList = [];\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        List<int> tmp = [];\n        for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {\n            tmp.Add(0);\n        }\n        numList.Add(tmp);\n    }\n}\n
    space_complexity.go
    /* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636 */\nfunc spaceQuadratic(n int) {\n    // \u77e9\u9635\u5360\u7528 O(n^2) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    numMatrix := make([][]int, n)\n    for i := 0; i < n; i++ {\n        numMatrix[i] = make([]int, n)\n    }\n}\n
    space_complexity.swift
    /* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636 */\nfunc quadratic(n: Int) {\n    // \u4e8c\u7ef4\u5217\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n^2) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    let numList = Array(repeating: Array(repeating: 0, count: n), count: n)\n}\n
    space_complexity.js
    /* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636 */\nfunction quadratic(n) {\n    // \u77e9\u9635\u5360\u7528 O(n^2) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    const numMatrix = Array(n)\n        .fill(null)\n        .map(() => Array(n).fill(null));\n    // \u4e8c\u7ef4\u5217\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n^2) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    const numList = [];\n    for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        const tmp = [];\n        for (let j = 0; j < n; j++) {\n            tmp.push(0);\n        }\n        numList.push(tmp);\n    }\n}\n
    space_complexity.ts
    /* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636 */\nfunction quadratic(n: number): void {\n    // \u77e9\u9635\u5360\u7528 O(n^2) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    const numMatrix = Array(n)\n        .fill(null)\n        .map(() => Array(n).fill(null));\n    // \u4e8c\u7ef4\u5217\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n^2) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    const numList = [];\n    for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        const tmp = [];\n        for (let j = 0; j < n; j++) {\n            tmp.push(0);\n        }\n        numList.push(tmp);\n    }\n}\n
    space_complexity.dart
    /* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636 */\nvoid quadratic(int n) {\n  // \u77e9\u9635\u5360\u7528 O(n^2) \u7a7a\u95f4\n  List<List<int>> numMatrix = List.generate(n, (_) => List.filled(n, 0));\n  // \u4e8c\u7ef4\u5217\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n^2) \u7a7a\u95f4\n  List<List<int>> numList = [];\n  for (var i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n    List<int> tmp = [];\n    for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {\n      tmp.add(0);\n    }\n    numList.add(tmp);\n  }\n}\n
    space_complexity.rs
    /* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636 */\n#[allow(unused)]\nfn quadratic(n: i32) {\n    // \u77e9\u9635\u5360\u7528 O(n^2) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    let num_matrix = vec![vec![0; n as usize]; n as usize];\n    // \u4e8c\u7ef4\u5217\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n^2) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    let mut num_list = Vec::new();\n    for i in 0..n {\n        let mut tmp = Vec::new();\n        for j in 0..n {\n            tmp.push(0);\n        }\n        num_list.push(tmp);\n    }\n}\n
    space_complexity.c
    /* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636 */\nvoid quadratic(int n) {\n    // \u4e8c\u7ef4\u5217\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n^2) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    int **numMatrix = malloc(sizeof(int *) * n);\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        int *tmp = malloc(sizeof(int) * n);\n        for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {\n            tmp[j] = 0;\n        }\n        numMatrix[i] = tmp;\n    }\n\n    // \u5185\u5b58\u91ca\u653e\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        free(numMatrix[i]);\n    }\n    free(numMatrix);\n}\n
    space_complexity.zig
    // \u5e73\u65b9\u9636\nfn quadratic(n: i32) !void {\n    // \u4e8c\u7ef4\u5217\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n^2) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    var nodes = std.ArrayList(std.ArrayList(i32)).init(std.heap.page_allocator);\n    defer nodes.deinit();\n    var i: i32 = 0;\n    while (i < n) : (i += 1) {\n        var tmp = std.ArrayList(i32).init(std.heap.page_allocator);\n        defer tmp.deinit();\n        var j: i32 = 0;\n        while (j < n) : (j += 1) {\n            try tmp.append(0);\n        }\n        try nodes.append(tmp);\n    }\n}\n

    \u5982\u56fe 2-18 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u8be5\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u9012\u5f52\u6df1\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(n\\) \uff0c\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u9012\u5f52\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u90fd\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u957f\u5ea6\u5206\u522b\u4e3a \\(n\\)\u3001\\(n-1\\)\u3001\\(\\dots\\)\u3001\\(2\\)\u3001\\(1\\) \uff0c\u5e73\u5747\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(n / 2\\) \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u603b\u4f53\u5360\u7528 \\(O(n^2)\\) \u7a7a\u95f4\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig space_complexity.py
    def quadratic_recur(n: int) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u5e73\u65b9\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09\"\"\"\n    if n <= 0:\n        return 0\n    # \u6570\u7ec4 nums \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n, n-1, ..., 2, 1\n    nums = [0] * n\n    return quadratic_recur(n - 1)\n
    space_complexity.cpp
    /* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nint quadraticRecur(int n) {\n    if (n <= 0)\n        return 0;\n    vector<int> nums(n);\n    cout << \"\u9012\u5f52 n = \" << n << \" \u4e2d\u7684 nums \u957f\u5ea6 = \" << nums.size() << endl;\n    return quadraticRecur(n - 1);\n}\n
    space_complexity.java
    /* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nint quadraticRecur(int n) {\n    if (n <= 0)\n        return 0;\n    // \u6570\u7ec4 nums \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n, n-1, ..., 2, 1\n    int[] nums = new int[n];\n    System.out.println(\"\u9012\u5f52 n = \" + n + \" \u4e2d\u7684 nums \u957f\u5ea6 = \" + nums.length);\n    return quadraticRecur(n - 1);\n}\n
    space_complexity.cs
    /* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nint QuadraticRecur(int n) {\n    if (n <= 0) return 0;\n    int[] nums = new int[n];\n    Console.WriteLine(\"\u9012\u5f52 n = \" + n + \" \u4e2d\u7684 nums \u957f\u5ea6 = \" + nums.Length);\n    return QuadraticRecur(n - 1);\n}\n
    space_complexity.go
    /* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nfunc spaceQuadraticRecur(n int) int {\n    if n <= 0 {\n        return 0\n    }\n    nums := make([]int, n)\n    fmt.Printf(\"\u9012\u5f52 n = %d \u4e2d\u7684 nums \u957f\u5ea6 = %d \\n\", n, len(nums))\n    return spaceQuadraticRecur(n - 1)\n}\n
    space_complexity.swift
    /* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\n@discardableResult\nfunc quadraticRecur(n: Int) -> Int {\n    if n <= 0 {\n        return 0\n    }\n    // \u6570\u7ec4 nums \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n, n-1, ..., 2, 1\n    let nums = Array(repeating: 0, count: n)\n    print(\"\u9012\u5f52 n = \\(n) \u4e2d\u7684 nums \u957f\u5ea6 = \\(nums.count)\")\n    return quadraticRecur(n: n - 1)\n}\n
    space_complexity.js
    /* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nfunction quadraticRecur(n) {\n    if (n <= 0) return 0;\n    const nums = new Array(n);\n    console.log(`\u9012\u5f52 n = ${n} \u4e2d\u7684 nums \u957f\u5ea6 = ${nums.length}`);\n    return quadraticRecur(n - 1);\n}\n
    space_complexity.ts
    /* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nfunction quadraticRecur(n: number): number {\n    if (n <= 0) return 0;\n    const nums = new Array(n);\n    console.log(`\u9012\u5f52 n = ${n} \u4e2d\u7684 nums \u957f\u5ea6 = ${nums.length}`);\n    return quadraticRecur(n - 1);\n}\n
    space_complexity.dart
    /* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nint quadraticRecur(int n) {\n  if (n <= 0) return 0;\n  List<int> nums = List.filled(n, 0);\n  print('\u9012\u5f52 n = $n \u4e2d\u7684 nums \u957f\u5ea6 = ${nums.length}');\n  return quadraticRecur(n - 1);\n}\n
    space_complexity.rs
    /* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nfn quadratic_recur(n: i32) -> i32 {\n    if n <= 0 {return 0};\n    // \u6570\u7ec4 nums \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n, n-1, ..., 2, 1\n    let nums = vec![0; n as usize];\n    println!(\"\u9012\u5f52 n = {} \u4e2d\u7684 nums \u957f\u5ea6 = {}\", n, nums.len());\n    return quadratic_recur(n - 1);\n}\n
    space_complexity.c
    /* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nint quadraticRecur(int n) {\n    if (n <= 0)\n        return 0;\n    int *nums = malloc(sizeof(int) * n);\n    printf(\"\u9012\u5f52 n = %d \u4e2d\u7684 nums \u957f\u5ea6 = %d\\r\\n\", n, n);\n    int res = quadraticRecur(n - 1);\n    free(nums);\n    return res;\n}\n
    space_complexity.zig
    // \u5e73\u65b9\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09\nfn quadraticRecur(comptime n: i32) i32 {\n    if (n <= 0) return 0;\n    var nums = [_]i32{0}**n;\n    std.debug.print(\"\u9012\u5f52 n = {} \u4e2d\u7684 nums \u957f\u5ea6 = {}\\n\", .{n, nums.len});\n    return quadraticRecur(n - 1);\n}\n

    \u56fe 2-18 \u00a0 \u9012\u5f52\u51fd\u6570\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u5e73\u65b9\u9636\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6

    "},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/space_complexity/#4-o2n","title":"4. \u00a0 \u6307\u6570\u9636 \\(O(2^n)\\)","text":"

    \u6307\u6570\u9636\u5e38\u89c1\u4e8e\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u3002\u89c2\u5bdf\u56fe 2-19 \uff0c\u5c42\u6570\u4e3a \\(n\\) \u7684\u201c\u6ee1\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u201d\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf\u4e3a \\(2^n - 1\\) \uff0c\u5360\u7528 \\(O(2^n)\\) \u7a7a\u95f4\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig space_complexity.py
    def build_tree(n: int) -> TreeNode | None:\n    \"\"\"\u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5efa\u7acb\u6ee1\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff09\"\"\"\n    if n == 0:\n        return None\n    root = TreeNode(0)\n    root.left = build_tree(n - 1)\n    root.right = build_tree(n - 1)\n    return root\n
    space_complexity.cpp
    /* \u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5efa\u7acb\u6ee1\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff09 */\nTreeNode *buildTree(int n) {\n    if (n == 0)\n        return nullptr;\n    TreeNode *root = new TreeNode(0);\n    root->left = buildTree(n - 1);\n    root->right = buildTree(n - 1);\n    return root;\n}\n
    space_complexity.java
    /* \u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5efa\u7acb\u6ee1\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff09 */\nTreeNode buildTree(int n) {\n    if (n == 0)\n        return null;\n    TreeNode root = new TreeNode(0);\n    root.left = buildTree(n - 1);\n    root.right = buildTree(n - 1);\n    return root;\n}\n
    space_complexity.cs
    /* \u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5efa\u7acb\u6ee1\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff09 */\nTreeNode? BuildTree(int n) {\n    if (n == 0) return null;\n    TreeNode root = new(0) {\n        left = BuildTree(n - 1),\n        right = BuildTree(n - 1)\n    };\n    return root;\n}\n
    space_complexity.go
    /* \u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5efa\u7acb\u6ee1\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff09 */\nfunc buildTree(n int) *treeNode {\n    if n == 0 {\n        return nil\n    }\n    root := newTreeNode(0)\n    root.left = buildTree(n - 1)\n    root.right = buildTree(n - 1)\n    return root\n}\n
    space_complexity.swift
    /* \u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5efa\u7acb\u6ee1\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff09 */\nfunc buildTree(n: Int) -> TreeNode? {\n    if n == 0 {\n        return nil\n    }\n    let root = TreeNode(x: 0)\n    root.left = buildTree(n: n - 1)\n    root.right = buildTree(n: n - 1)\n    return root\n}\n
    space_complexity.js
    /* \u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5efa\u7acb\u6ee1\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff09 */\nfunction buildTree(n) {\n    if (n === 0) return null;\n    const root = new TreeNode(0);\n    root.left = buildTree(n - 1);\n    root.right = buildTree(n - 1);\n    return root;\n}\n
    space_complexity.ts
    /* \u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5efa\u7acb\u6ee1\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff09 */\nfunction buildTree(n: number): TreeNode | null {\n    if (n === 0) return null;\n    const root = new TreeNode(0);\n    root.left = buildTree(n - 1);\n    root.right = buildTree(n - 1);\n    return root;\n}\n
    space_complexity.dart
    /* \u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5efa\u7acb\u6ee1\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff09 */\nTreeNode? buildTree(int n) {\n  if (n == 0) return null;\n  TreeNode root = TreeNode(0);\n  root.left = buildTree(n - 1);\n  root.right = buildTree(n - 1);\n  return root;\n}\n
    space_complexity.rs
    /* \u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5efa\u7acb\u6ee1\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff09 */\nfn build_tree(n: i32) -> Option<Rc<RefCell<TreeNode>>> {\n    if n == 0 {return None};\n    let root = TreeNode::new(0);\n    root.borrow_mut().left = build_tree(n - 1);\n    root.borrow_mut().right = build_tree(n - 1);\n    return Some(root);\n}\n
    space_complexity.c
    /* \u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5efa\u7acb\u6ee1\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff09 */\nTreeNode *buildTree(int n) {\n    if (n == 0)\n        return NULL;\n    TreeNode *root = newTreeNode(0);\n    root->left = buildTree(n - 1);\n    root->right = buildTree(n - 1);\n    return root;\n}\n
    space_complexity.zig
    // \u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5efa\u7acb\u6ee1\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff09\nfn buildTree(mem_allocator: std.mem.Allocator, n: i32) !?*inc.TreeNode(i32) {\n    if (n == 0) return null;\n    const root = try mem_allocator.create(inc.TreeNode(i32));\n    root.init(0);\n    root.left = try buildTree(mem_allocator, n - 1);\n    root.right = try buildTree(mem_allocator, n - 1);\n    return root;\n}\n

    \u56fe 2-19 \u00a0 \u6ee1\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u6307\u6570\u9636\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6

    "},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/space_complexity/#5-olog-n","title":"5. \u00a0 \u5bf9\u6570\u9636 \\(O(\\log n)\\)","text":"

    \u5bf9\u6570\u9636\u5e38\u89c1\u4e8e\u5206\u6cbb\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u8f93\u5165\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(n\\) \u7684\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u6bcf\u8f6e\u9012\u5f52\u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u4ece\u4e2d\u70b9\u5904\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u534a\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(\\log n\\) \u7684\u9012\u5f52\u6811\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(\\log n)\\) \u6808\u5e27\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002

    \u518d\u4f8b\u5982\u5c06\u6570\u5b57\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u8f93\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b63\u6574\u6570 \\(n\\) \uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u4f4d\u6570\u4e3a \\(\\log_{10} n + 1\\) \uff0c\u5373\u5bf9\u5e94\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(\\log_{10} n + 1\\) \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(\\log_{10} n + 1) = O(\\log n)\\) \u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/space_complexity/#244","title":"2.4.4 \u00a0 \u6743\u8861\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0e\u7a7a\u95f4","text":"

    \u7406\u60f3\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u90fd\u80fd\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u4f18\u3002\u7136\u800c\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u60c5\u51b5\u4e2d\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4f18\u5316\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u901a\u5e38\u975e\u5e38\u56f0\u96be\u3002

    \u964d\u4f4e\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u4ee5\u63d0\u5347\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff0c\u53cd\u4e4b\u4ea6\u7136\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u727a\u7272\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u6765\u63d0\u5347\u7b97\u6cd5\u8fd0\u884c\u901f\u5ea6\u7684\u601d\u8def\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u4ee5\u7a7a\u95f4\u6362\u65f6\u95f4\u201d\uff1b\u53cd\u4e4b\uff0c\u5219\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u4ee5\u65f6\u95f4\u6362\u7a7a\u95f4\u201d\u3002

    \u9009\u62e9\u54ea\u79cd\u601d\u8def\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u66f4\u770b\u91cd\u54ea\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u3002\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u6bd4\u7a7a\u95f4\u66f4\u5b9d\u8d35\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u201c\u4ee5\u7a7a\u95f4\u6362\u65f6\u95f4\u201d\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u66f4\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u5728\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u63a7\u5236\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e5f\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/summary/","title":"2.5 \u00a0 \u5c0f\u7ed3","text":""},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/summary/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u91cd\u70b9\u56de\u987e","text":"

    \u7b97\u6cd5\u6548\u7387\u8bc4\u4f30

    • \u65f6\u95f4\u6548\u7387\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u6548\u7387\u662f\u8861\u91cf\u7b97\u6cd5\u4f18\u52a3\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u8bc4\u4ef7\u6307\u6807\u3002
    • \u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9e\u9645\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6765\u8bc4\u4f30\u7b97\u6cd5\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u4f46\u96be\u4ee5\u6d88\u9664\u6d4b\u8bd5\u73af\u5883\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4e14\u4f1a\u8017\u8d39\u5927\u91cf\u8ba1\u7b97\u8d44\u6e90\u3002
    • \u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5206\u6790\u53ef\u4ee5\u6d88\u9664\u5b9e\u9645\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7684\u5f0a\u7aef\uff0c\u5206\u6790\u7ed3\u679c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6240\u6709\u8fd0\u884c\u5e73\u53f0\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u80fd\u591f\u63ed\u793a\u7b97\u6cd5\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u6570\u636e\u89c4\u6a21\u4e0b\u7684\u6548\u7387\u3002

    \u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6

    • \u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7528\u4e8e\u8861\u91cf\u7b97\u6cd5\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u968f\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u589e\u957f\u7684\u8d8b\u52bf\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u8bc4\u4f30\u7b97\u6cd5\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u53ef\u80fd\u5931\u6548\uff0c\u5982\u5728\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u8f83\u5c0f\u6216\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u76f8\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u7cbe\u786e\u5bf9\u6bd4\u7b97\u6cd5\u6548\u7387\u7684\u4f18\u52a3\u3002
    • \u6700\u5dee\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4f7f\u7528\u5927 \\(O\\) \u7b26\u53f7\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u5bf9\u5e94\u51fd\u6570\u6e10\u8fd1\u4e0a\u754c\uff0c\u53cd\u6620\u5f53 \\(n\\) \u8d8b\u5411\u6b63\u65e0\u7a77\u65f6\uff0c\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u91cf \\(T(n)\\) \u7684\u589e\u957f\u7ea7\u522b\u3002
    • \u63a8\u7b97\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u6b65\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u7edf\u8ba1\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5224\u65ad\u6e10\u8fd1\u4e0a\u754c\u3002
    • \u5e38\u89c1\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4ece\u4f4e\u5230\u9ad8\u6392\u5217\u6709 \\(O(1)\\)\u3001\\(O(\\log n)\\)\u3001\\(O(n)\\)\u3001\\(O(n \\log n)\\)\u3001\\(O(n^2)\\)\u3001\\(O(2^n)\\) \u548c \\(O(n!)\\) \u7b49\u3002
    • \u67d0\u4e9b\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u975e\u56fa\u5b9a\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e0e\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u6709\u5173\u3002\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5206\u4e3a\u6700\u5dee\u3001\u6700\u4f73\u3001\u5e73\u5747\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff0c\u6700\u4f73\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u51e0\u4e4e\u4e0d\u7528\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u4e00\u822c\u9700\u8981\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e25\u683c\u6761\u4ef6\u624d\u80fd\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u4f73\u60c5\u51b5\u3002
    • \u5e73\u5747\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u53cd\u6620\u7b97\u6cd5\u5728\u968f\u673a\u6570\u636e\u8f93\u5165\u4e0b\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u6700\u63a5\u8fd1\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u8ba1\u7b97\u5e73\u5747\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u9700\u8981\u7edf\u8ba1\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5206\u5e03\u4ee5\u53ca\u7efc\u5408\u540e\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u671f\u671b\u3002

    \u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6

    • \u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8861\u91cf\u7b97\u6cd5\u5360\u7528\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u968f\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u589e\u957f\u7684\u8d8b\u52bf\u3002
    • \u7b97\u6cd5\u8fd0\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u8f93\u5165\u7a7a\u95f4\u3001\u6682\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u3001\u8f93\u51fa\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u8f93\u5165\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0d\u7eb3\u5165\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u8ba1\u7b97\u3002\u6682\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u6682\u5b58\u6570\u636e\u3001\u6808\u5e27\u7a7a\u95f4\u548c\u6307\u4ee4\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6808\u5e27\u7a7a\u95f4\u901a\u5e38\u4ec5\u5728\u9012\u5f52\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u5f71\u54cd\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u3002
    • \u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u53ea\u5173\u6ce8\u6700\u5dee\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff0c\u5373\u7edf\u8ba1\u7b97\u6cd5\u5728\u6700\u5dee\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u548c\u6700\u5dee\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u523b\u4e0b\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u3002
    • \u5e38\u89c1\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4ece\u4f4e\u5230\u9ad8\u6392\u5217\u6709 \\(O(1)\\)\u3001\\(O(\\log n)\\)\u3001\\(O(n)\\)\u3001\\(O(n^2)\\) \u548c \\(O(2^n)\\) \u7b49\u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/summary/#2-q-a","title":"2. \u00a0 Q & A","text":"

    \u5c3e\u9012\u5f52\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u662f \\(O(1)\\) \u5417\uff1f

    \u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\uff0c\u5c3e\u9012\u5f52\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f18\u5316\u81f3 \\(O(1)\\) \u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\uff08\u4f8b\u5982 Java\u3001Python\u3001C++\u3001Go\u3001C# \u7b49\uff09\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u81ea\u52a8\u4f18\u5316\u5c3e\u9012\u5f52\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u901a\u5e38\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u662f \\(O(n)\\) \u3002

    \u51fd\u6570\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u672f\u8bed\u7684\u533a\u522b\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f

    \u300c\u51fd\u6570 function\u300d\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u72ec\u7acb\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u53c2\u6570\u90fd\u4ee5\u663e\u5f0f\u4f20\u9012\u3002\u300c\u65b9\u6cd5 method\u300d\u4e0e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u5173\u8054\uff0c\u88ab\u9690\u5f0f\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u8c03\u7528\u5b83\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u5bf9\u7c7b\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002

    \u4e0b\u9762\u4ee5\u51e0\u79cd\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u4e3a\u4f8b\u6765\u8bf4\u660e\u3002

    • C \u8bed\u8a00\u662f\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5f0f\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u53ea\u6709\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u521b\u5efa\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\uff08struct\uff09\u6765\u6a21\u62df\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7f16\u7a0b\uff0c\u4e0e\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u76f8\u5173\u8054\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u5c31\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002
    • Java \u548c C# \u662f\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u4ee3\u7801\u5757\uff08\u65b9\u6cd5\uff09\u901a\u5e38\u4f5c\u4e3a\u67d0\u4e2a\u7c7b\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u9759\u6001\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u88ab\u7ed1\u5b9a\u5728\u7c7b\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bbf\u95ee\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\u53d8\u91cf\u3002
    • C++ \u548c Python \u65e2\u652f\u6301\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5f0f\u7f16\u7a0b\uff08\u51fd\u6570\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u652f\u6301\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7f16\u7a0b\uff08\u65b9\u6cd5\uff09\u3002

    \u56fe\u89e3\u201c\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7c7b\u578b\u201d\u53cd\u6620\u7684\u662f\u5426\u662f\u5360\u7528\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u7edd\u5bf9\u5927\u5c0f\uff1f

    \u4e0d\u662f\uff0c\u8be5\u56fe\u5c55\u793a\u7684\u662f\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff0c\u5176\u53cd\u6620\u7684\u662f\u589e\u957f\u8d8b\u52bf\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5360\u7528\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u7edd\u5bf9\u5927\u5c0f\u3002

    \u5047\u8bbe\u53d6 \\(n = 8\\) \uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u6bcf\u6761\u66f2\u7ebf\u7684\u503c\u4e0e\u51fd\u6570\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e0d\u4e0a\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6bcf\u6761\u66f2\u7ebf\u90fd\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e38\u6570\u9879\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5c06\u53d6\u503c\u8303\u56f4\u538b\u7f29\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u89c6\u89c9\u8212\u9002\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u3002

    \u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u4e2d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u6bcf\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u201c\u5e38\u6570\u9879\u201d\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u662f\u591a\u5c11\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e00\u822c\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ec5\u51ed\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u6765\u9009\u62e9 \\(n = 8\\) \u4e4b\u4e0b\u7684\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u6cd5\u3002\u4f46\u5bf9\u4e8e \\(n = 8^5\\) \u5c31\u5f88\u597d\u9009\u4e86\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u589e\u957f\u8d8b\u52bf\u5df2\u7ecf\u5360\u4e3b\u5bfc\u4e86\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/time_complexity/","title":"2.3 \u00a0 \u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6","text":"

    \u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u89c2\u4e14\u51c6\u786e\u5730\u53cd\u6620\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u6548\u7387\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u51c6\u786e\u9884\u4f30\u4e00\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u5982\u4f55\u64cd\u4f5c\u5462\uff1f

    1. \u786e\u5b9a\u8fd0\u884c\u5e73\u53f0\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u786c\u4ef6\u914d\u7f6e\u3001\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u3001\u7cfb\u7edf\u73af\u5883\u7b49\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56e0\u7d20\u90fd\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u6548\u7387\u3002
    2. \u8bc4\u4f30\u5404\u79cd\u8ba1\u7b97\u64cd\u4f5c\u6240\u9700\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u52a0\u6cd5\u64cd\u4f5c + \u9700\u8981 1 ns \uff0c\u4e58\u6cd5\u64cd\u4f5c * \u9700\u8981 10 ns \uff0c\u6253\u5370\u64cd\u4f5c print() \u9700\u8981 5 ns \u7b49\u3002
    3. \u7edf\u8ba1\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u6c42\u548c\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f97\u5230\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u3002

    \u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\uff0c\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5927\u5c0f\u4e3a \\(n\\) \uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig 
    # \u5728\u67d0\u8fd0\u884c\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0b\ndef algorithm(n: int):\n    a = 2      # 1 ns\n    a = a + 1  # 1 ns\n    a = a * 2  # 10 ns\n    # \u5faa\u73af n \u6b21\n    for _ in range(n):  # 1 ns\n        print(0)        # 5 ns\n
    // \u5728\u67d0\u8fd0\u884c\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0b\nvoid algorithm(int n) {\n    int a = 2;  // 1 ns\n    a = a + 1;  // 1 ns\n    a = a * 2;  // 10 ns\n    // \u5faa\u73af n \u6b21\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {  // 1 ns \uff0c\u6bcf\u8f6e\u90fd\u8981\u6267\u884c i++\n        cout << 0 << endl;         // 5 ns\n    }\n}\n
    // \u5728\u67d0\u8fd0\u884c\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0b\nvoid algorithm(int n) {\n    int a = 2;  // 1 ns\n    a = a + 1;  // 1 ns\n    a = a * 2;  // 10 ns\n    // \u5faa\u73af n \u6b21\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {  // 1 ns \uff0c\u6bcf\u8f6e\u90fd\u8981\u6267\u884c i++\n        System.out.println(0);     // 5 ns\n    }\n}\n
    // \u5728\u67d0\u8fd0\u884c\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0b\nvoid Algorithm(int n) {\n    int a = 2;  // 1 ns\n    a = a + 1;  // 1 ns\n    a = a * 2;  // 10 ns\n    // \u5faa\u73af n \u6b21\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {  // 1 ns \uff0c\u6bcf\u8f6e\u90fd\u8981\u6267\u884c i++\n        Console.WriteLine(0);      // 5 ns\n    }\n}\n
    // \u5728\u67d0\u8fd0\u884c\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0b\nfunc algorithm(n int) {\n    a := 2     // 1 ns\n    a = a + 1  // 1 ns\n    a = a * 2  // 10 ns\n    // \u5faa\u73af n \u6b21\n    for i := 0; i < n; i++ {  // 1 ns\n        fmt.Println(a)        // 5 ns\n    }\n}\n
    // \u5728\u67d0\u8fd0\u884c\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0b\nfunc algorithm(n: Int) {\n    var a = 2 // 1 ns\n    a = a + 1 // 1 ns\n    a = a * 2 // 10 ns\n    // \u5faa\u73af n \u6b21\n    for _ in 0 ..< n { // 1 ns\n        print(0) // 5 ns\n    }\n}\n
    // \u5728\u67d0\u8fd0\u884c\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0b\nfunction algorithm(n) {\n    var a = 2; // 1 ns\n    a = a + 1; // 1 ns\n    a = a * 2; // 10 ns\n    // \u5faa\u73af n \u6b21\n    for(let i = 0; i < n; i++) { // 1 ns \uff0c\u6bcf\u8f6e\u90fd\u8981\u6267\u884c i++\n        console.log(0); // 5 ns\n    }\n}\n
    // \u5728\u67d0\u8fd0\u884c\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0b\nfunction algorithm(n: number): void {\n    var a: number = 2; // 1 ns\n    a = a + 1; // 1 ns\n    a = a * 2; // 10 ns\n    // \u5faa\u73af n \u6b21\n    for(let i = 0; i < n; i++) { // 1 ns \uff0c\u6bcf\u8f6e\u90fd\u8981\u6267\u884c i++\n        console.log(0); // 5 ns\n    }\n}\n
    // \u5728\u67d0\u8fd0\u884c\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0b\nvoid algorithm(int n) {\n  int a = 2; // 1 ns\n  a = a + 1; // 1 ns\n  a = a * 2; // 10 ns\n  // \u5faa\u73af n \u6b21\n  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { // 1 ns \uff0c\u6bcf\u8f6e\u90fd\u8981\u6267\u884c i++\n    print(0); // 5 ns\n  }\n}\n
    // \u5728\u67d0\u8fd0\u884c\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0b\nfn algorithm(n: i32) {\n    let mut a = 2;      // 1 ns\n    a = a + 1;          // 1 ns\n    a = a * 2;          // 10 ns\n    // \u5faa\u73af n \u6b21\n    for _ in 0..n {     // 1 ns \uff0c\u6bcf\u8f6e\u90fd\u8981\u6267\u884c i++\n        println!(\"{}\", 0);  // 5 ns\n    }\n}\n
    // \u5728\u67d0\u8fd0\u884c\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0b\nvoid algorithm(int n) {\n    int a = 2;  // 1 ns\n    a = a + 1;  // 1 ns\n    a = a * 2;  // 10 ns\n    // \u5faa\u73af n \u6b21\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {   // 1 ns \uff0c\u6bcf\u8f6e\u90fd\u8981\u6267\u884c i++\n        printf(\"%d\", 0);            // 5 ns\n    }\n}\n
    // \u5728\u67d0\u8fd0\u884c\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0b\nfn algorithm(n: usize) void {\n    var a: i32 = 2; // 1 ns\n    a += 1; // 1 ns\n    a *= 2; // 10 ns\n    // \u5faa\u73af n \u6b21\n    for (0..n) |_| { // 1 ns\n        std.debug.print(\"{}\\n\", .{0}); // 5 ns\n    }\n}\n

    \u6839\u636e\u4ee5\u4e0a\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u4e3a \\((6n + 12)\\) ns \uff1a

    \\[ 1 + 1 + 10 + (1 + 5) \\times n = 6n + 12 \\]

    \u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u7edf\u8ba1\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u65e2\u4e0d\u5408\u7406\u4e5f\u4e0d\u73b0\u5b9e\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u5e0c\u671b\u5c06\u9884\u4f30\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u8fd0\u884c\u5e73\u53f0\u7ed1\u5b9a\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7b97\u6cd5\u9700\u8981\u5728\u5404\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5f88\u96be\u83b7\u77e5\u6bcf\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u8fd9\u7ed9\u9884\u4f30\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u6781\u5927\u7684\u96be\u5ea6\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/time_complexity/#231","title":"2.3.1 \u00a0 \u7edf\u8ba1\u65f6\u95f4\u589e\u957f\u8d8b\u52bf","text":"

    \u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5206\u6790\u7edf\u8ba1\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u7b97\u6cd5\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7b97\u6cd5\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u968f\u7740\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u53d8\u5927\u65f6\u7684\u589e\u957f\u8d8b\u52bf\u3002

    \u201c\u65f6\u95f4\u589e\u957f\u8d8b\u52bf\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u6bd4\u8f83\u62bd\u8c61\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u6765\u52a0\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5927\u5c0f\u4e3a \\(n\\) \uff0c\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e09\u4e2a\u7b97\u6cd5 A\u3001B \u548c C \uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig 
    # \u7b97\u6cd5 A \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u5e38\u6570\u9636\ndef algorithm_A(n: int):\n    print(0)\n# \u7b97\u6cd5 B \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u7ebf\u6027\u9636\ndef algorithm_B(n: int):\n    for _ in range(n):\n        print(0)\n# \u7b97\u6cd5 C \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u5e38\u6570\u9636\ndef algorithm_C(n: int):\n    for _ in range(1000000):\n        print(0)\n
    // \u7b97\u6cd5 A \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u5e38\u6570\u9636\nvoid algorithm_A(int n) {\n    cout << 0 << endl;\n}\n// \u7b97\u6cd5 B \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u7ebf\u6027\u9636\nvoid algorithm_B(int n) {\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        cout << 0 << endl;\n    }\n}\n// \u7b97\u6cd5 C \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u5e38\u6570\u9636\nvoid algorithm_C(int n) {\n    for (int i = 0; i < 1000000; i++) {\n        cout << 0 << endl;\n    }\n}\n
    // \u7b97\u6cd5 A \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u5e38\u6570\u9636\nvoid algorithm_A(int n) {\n    System.out.println(0);\n}\n// \u7b97\u6cd5 B \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u7ebf\u6027\u9636\nvoid algorithm_B(int n) {\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        System.out.println(0);\n    }\n}\n// \u7b97\u6cd5 C \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u5e38\u6570\u9636\nvoid algorithm_C(int n) {\n    for (int i = 0; i < 1000000; i++) {\n        System.out.println(0);\n    }\n}\n
    // \u7b97\u6cd5 A \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u5e38\u6570\u9636\nvoid AlgorithmA(int n) {\n    Console.WriteLine(0);\n}\n// \u7b97\u6cd5 B \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u7ebf\u6027\u9636\nvoid AlgorithmB(int n) {\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        Console.WriteLine(0);\n    }\n}\n// \u7b97\u6cd5 C \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u5e38\u6570\u9636\nvoid AlgorithmC(int n) {\n    for (int i = 0; i < 1000000; i++) {\n        Console.WriteLine(0);\n    }\n}\n
    // \u7b97\u6cd5 A \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u5e38\u6570\u9636\nfunc algorithm_A(n int) {\n    fmt.Println(0)\n}\n// \u7b97\u6cd5 B \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u7ebf\u6027\u9636\nfunc algorithm_B(n int) {\n    for i := 0; i < n; i++ {\n        fmt.Println(0)\n    }\n}\n// \u7b97\u6cd5 C \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u5e38\u6570\u9636\nfunc algorithm_C(n int) {\n    for i := 0; i < 1000000; i++ {\n        fmt.Println(0)\n    }\n}\n
    // \u7b97\u6cd5 A \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u5e38\u6570\u9636\nfunc algorithmA(n: Int) {\n    print(0)\n}\n\n// \u7b97\u6cd5 B \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u7ebf\u6027\u9636\nfunc algorithmB(n: Int) {\n    for _ in 0 ..< n {\n        print(0)\n    }\n}\n\n// \u7b97\u6cd5 C \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u5e38\u6570\u9636\nfunc algorithmC(n: Int) {\n    for _ in 0 ..< 1000000 {\n        print(0)\n    }\n}\n
    // \u7b97\u6cd5 A \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u5e38\u6570\u9636\nfunction algorithm_A(n) {\n    console.log(0);\n}\n// \u7b97\u6cd5 B \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u7ebf\u6027\u9636\nfunction algorithm_B(n) {\n    for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        console.log(0);\n    }\n}\n// \u7b97\u6cd5 C \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u5e38\u6570\u9636\nfunction algorithm_C(n) {\n    for (let i = 0; i < 1000000; i++) {\n        console.log(0);\n    }\n}\n
    // \u7b97\u6cd5 A \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u5e38\u6570\u9636\nfunction algorithm_A(n: number): void {\n    console.log(0);\n}\n// \u7b97\u6cd5 B \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u7ebf\u6027\u9636\nfunction algorithm_B(n: number): void {\n    for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        console.log(0);\n    }\n}\n// \u7b97\u6cd5 C \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u5e38\u6570\u9636\nfunction algorithm_C(n: number): void {\n    for (let i = 0; i < 1000000; i++) {\n        console.log(0);\n    }\n}\n
    // \u7b97\u6cd5 A \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u5e38\u6570\u9636\nvoid algorithmA(int n) {\n  print(0);\n}\n// \u7b97\u6cd5 B \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u7ebf\u6027\u9636\nvoid algorithmB(int n) {\n  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n    print(0);\n  }\n}\n// \u7b97\u6cd5 C \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u5e38\u6570\u9636\nvoid algorithmC(int n) {\n  for (int i = 0; i < 1000000; i++) {\n    print(0);\n  }\n}\n
    // \u7b97\u6cd5 A \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u5e38\u6570\u9636\nfn algorithm_A(n: i32) {\n    println!(\"{}\", 0);\n}\n// \u7b97\u6cd5 B \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u7ebf\u6027\u9636\nfn algorithm_B(n: i32) {\n    for _ in 0..n {\n        println!(\"{}\", 0);\n    }\n}\n// \u7b97\u6cd5 C \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u5e38\u6570\u9636\nfn algorithm_C(n: i32) {\n    for _ in 0..1000000 {\n        println!(\"{}\", 0);\n    }\n}\n
    // \u7b97\u6cd5 A \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u5e38\u6570\u9636\nvoid algorithm_A(int n) {\n    printf(\"%d\", 0);\n}\n// \u7b97\u6cd5 B \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u7ebf\u6027\u9636\nvoid algorithm_B(int n) {\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        printf(\"%d\", 0);\n    }\n}\n// \u7b97\u6cd5 C \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u5e38\u6570\u9636\nvoid algorithm_C(int n) {\n    for (int i = 0; i < 1000000; i++) {\n        printf(\"%d\", 0);\n    }\n}\n
    // \u7b97\u6cd5 A \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u5e38\u6570\u9636\nfn algorithm_A(n: usize) void {\n    _ = n;\n    std.debug.print(\"{}\\n\", .{0});\n}\n// \u7b97\u6cd5 B \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u7ebf\u6027\u9636\nfn algorithm_B(n: i32) void {\n    for (0..n) |_| {\n        std.debug.print(\"{}\\n\", .{0});\n    }\n}\n// \u7b97\u6cd5 C \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u5e38\u6570\u9636\nfn algorithm_C(n: i32) void {\n    _ = n;\n    for (0..1000000) |_| { \n        std.debug.print(\"{}\\n\", .{0});\n    }\n}\n

    \u56fe 2-7 \u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4e09\u4e2a\u7b97\u6cd5\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u3002

    • \u7b97\u6cd5 A \u53ea\u6709 \\(1\\) \u4e2a\u6253\u5370\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0d\u968f\u7740 \\(n\\) \u589e\u5927\u800c\u589e\u957f\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u79f0\u6b64\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a\u201c\u5e38\u6570\u9636\u201d\u3002
    • \u7b97\u6cd5 B \u4e2d\u7684\u6253\u5370\u64cd\u4f5c\u9700\u8981\u5faa\u73af \\(n\\) \u6b21\uff0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u968f\u7740 \\(n\\) \u589e\u5927\u5448\u7ebf\u6027\u589e\u957f\u3002\u6b64\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u7ebf\u6027\u9636\u201d\u3002
    • \u7b97\u6cd5 C \u4e2d\u7684\u6253\u5370\u64cd\u4f5c\u9700\u8981\u5faa\u73af \\(1000000\\) \u6b21\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u5f88\u957f\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4e0e\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5927\u5c0f \\(n\\) \u65e0\u5173\u3002\u56e0\u6b64 C \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u548c A \u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4ecd\u4e3a\u201c\u5e38\u6570\u9636\u201d\u3002

    \u56fe 2-7 \u00a0 \u7b97\u6cd5 A\u3001B \u548c C \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u589e\u957f\u8d8b\u52bf

    \u76f8\u8f83\u4e8e\u76f4\u63a5\u7edf\u8ba1\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5206\u6790\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u7279\u70b9\u5462\uff1f

    • \u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u80fd\u591f\u6709\u6548\u8bc4\u4f30\u7b97\u6cd5\u6548\u7387\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7b97\u6cd5 B \u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u5448\u7ebf\u6027\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u5728 \\(n > 1\\) \u65f6\u6bd4\u7b97\u6cd5 A \u66f4\u6162\uff0c\u5728 \\(n > 1000000\\) \u65f6\u6bd4\u7b97\u6cd5 C \u66f4\u6162\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5927\u5c0f \\(n\\) \u8db3\u591f\u5927\uff0c\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a\u201c\u5e38\u6570\u9636\u201d\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e00\u5b9a\u4f18\u4e8e\u201c\u7ebf\u6027\u9636\u201d\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u8fd9\u6b63\u662f\u65f6\u95f4\u589e\u957f\u8d8b\u52bf\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u3002
    • \u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7684\u63a8\u7b97\u65b9\u6cd5\u66f4\u7b80\u4fbf\u3002\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u8fd0\u884c\u5e73\u53f0\u548c\u8ba1\u7b97\u64cd\u4f5c\u7c7b\u578b\u90fd\u4e0e\u7b97\u6cd5\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u589e\u957f\u8d8b\u52bf\u65e0\u5173\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u8ba1\u7b97\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u89c6\u4e3a\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u201c\u5355\u4f4d\u65f6\u95f4\u201d\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5c06\u201c\u8ba1\u7b97\u64cd\u4f5c\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u7edf\u8ba1\u201d\u7b80\u5316\u4e3a\u201c\u8ba1\u7b97\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u91cf\u7edf\u8ba1\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u6765\u4f30\u7b97\u96be\u5ea6\u5c31\u5927\u5927\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u3002
    • \u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u5c40\u9650\u6027\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u7b97\u6cd5 A \u548c C \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u5dee\u522b\u5f88\u5927\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u7b97\u6cd5 B \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u6bd4 C \u9ad8\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5927\u5c0f \\(n\\) \u8f83\u5c0f\u65f6\uff0c\u7b97\u6cd5 B \u660e\u663e\u4f18\u4e8e\u7b97\u6cd5 C \u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5f88\u96be\u4ec5\u51ed\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5224\u65ad\u7b97\u6cd5\u6548\u7387\u7684\u9ad8\u4f4e\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5b58\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5206\u6790\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u8bc4\u5224\u7b97\u6cd5\u6548\u7387\u6700\u6709\u6548\u4e14\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/time_complexity/#232","title":"2.3.2 \u00a0 \u51fd\u6570\u6e10\u8fd1\u4e0a\u754c","text":"

    \u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f93\u5165\u5927\u5c0f\u4e3a \\(n\\) \u7684\u51fd\u6570\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig 
    def algorithm(n: int):\n    a = 1      # +1\n    a = a + 1  # +1\n    a = a * 2  # +1\n    # \u5faa\u73af n \u6b21\n    for i in range(n):  # +1\n        print(0)        # +1\n
    void algorithm(int n) {\n    int a = 1;  // +1\n    a = a + 1;  // +1\n    a = a * 2;  // +1\n    // \u5faa\u73af n \u6b21\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { // +1\uff08\u6bcf\u8f6e\u90fd\u6267\u884c i ++\uff09\n        cout << 0 << endl;    // +1\n    }\n}\n
    void algorithm(int n) {\n    int a = 1;  // +1\n    a = a + 1;  // +1\n    a = a * 2;  // +1\n    // \u5faa\u73af n \u6b21\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { // +1\uff08\u6bcf\u8f6e\u90fd\u6267\u884c i ++\uff09\n        System.out.println(0);    // +1\n    }\n}\n
    void Algorithm(int n) {\n    int a = 1;  // +1\n    a = a + 1;  // +1\n    a = a * 2;  // +1\n    // \u5faa\u73af n \u6b21\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {   // +1\uff08\u6bcf\u8f6e\u90fd\u6267\u884c i ++\uff09\n        Console.WriteLine(0);   // +1\n    }\n}\n
    func algorithm(n int) {\n    a := 1      // +1\n    a = a + 1   // +1\n    a = a * 2   // +1\n    // \u5faa\u73af n \u6b21\n    for i := 0; i < n; i++ {   // +1\n        fmt.Println(a)         // +1\n    }\n}\n
    func algorithm(n: Int) {\n    var a = 1 // +1\n    a = a + 1 // +1\n    a = a * 2 // +1\n    // \u5faa\u73af n \u6b21\n    for _ in 0 ..< n { // +1\n        print(0) // +1\n    }\n}\n
    function algorithm(n) {\n    var a = 1; // +1\n    a += 1; // +1\n    a *= 2; // +1\n    // \u5faa\u73af n \u6b21\n    for(let i = 0; i < n; i++){ // +1\uff08\u6bcf\u8f6e\u90fd\u6267\u884c i ++\uff09\n        console.log(0); // +1\n    }\n}\n
    function algorithm(n: number): void{\n    var a: number = 1; // +1\n    a += 1; // +1\n    a *= 2; // +1\n    // \u5faa\u73af n \u6b21\n    for(let i = 0; i < n; i++){ // +1\uff08\u6bcf\u8f6e\u90fd\u6267\u884c i ++\uff09\n        console.log(0); // +1\n    }\n}\n
    void algorithm(int n) {\n  int a = 1; // +1\n  a = a + 1; // +1\n  a = a * 2; // +1\n  // \u5faa\u73af n \u6b21\n  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { // +1\uff08\u6bcf\u8f6e\u90fd\u6267\u884c i ++\uff09\n    print(0); // +1\n  }\n}\n
    fn algorithm(n: i32) {\n    let mut a = 1;   // +1\n    a = a + 1;      // +1\n    a = a * 2;      // +1\n\n    // \u5faa\u73af n \u6b21\n    for _ in 0..n { // +1\uff08\u6bcf\u8f6e\u90fd\u6267\u884c i ++\uff09\n        println!(\"{}\", 0); // +1\n    }\n}\n
    void algorithm(int n) {\n    int a = 1;  // +1\n    a = a + 1;  // +1\n    a = a * 2;  // +1\n    // \u5faa\u73af n \u6b21\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {   // +1\uff08\u6bcf\u8f6e\u90fd\u6267\u884c i ++\uff09\n        printf(\"%d\", 0);            // +1\n    }\n}  \n
    fn algorithm(n: usize) void {\n    var a: i32 = 1; // +1\n    a += 1; // +1\n    a *= 2; // +1\n    // \u5faa\u73af n \u6b21\n    for (0..n) |_| { // +1\uff08\u6bcf\u8f6e\u90fd\u6267\u884c i ++\uff09\n        std.debug.print(\"{}\\n\", .{0}); // +1\n    }\n}\n

    \u8bbe\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u91cf\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u4e8e\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5927\u5c0f \\(n\\) \u7684\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a \\(T(n)\\) \uff0c\u5219\u4ee5\u4e0a\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u91cf\u4e3a\uff1a

    \\[ T(n) = 3 + 2n \\]

    \\(T(n)\\) \u662f\u4e00\u6b21\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u5176\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u589e\u957f\u8d8b\u52bf\u662f\u7ebf\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u662f\u7ebf\u6027\u9636\u3002

    \u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u7ebf\u6027\u9636\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u8bb0\u4e3a \\(O(n)\\) \uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u5b66\u7b26\u53f7\u79f0\u4e3a\u300c\u5927 \\(O\\) \u8bb0\u53f7 big-\\(O\\) notation\u300d\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u51fd\u6570 \\(T(n)\\) \u7684\u300c\u6e10\u8fd1\u4e0a\u754c asymptotic upper bound\u300d\u3002

    \u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5206\u6790\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u8ba1\u7b97\u201c\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u91cf \\(T(n)\\)\u201d\u7684\u6e10\u8fd1\u4e0a\u754c\uff0c\u5b83\u5177\u6709\u660e\u786e\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002

    \u51fd\u6570\u6e10\u8fd1\u4e0a\u754c

    \u82e5\u5b58\u5728\u6b63\u5b9e\u6570 \\(c\\) \u548c\u5b9e\u6570 \\(n_0\\) \uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6240\u6709\u7684 \\(n > n_0\\) \uff0c\u5747\u6709 \\(T(n) \\leq c \\cdot f(n)\\) \uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u8ba4\u4e3a \\(f(n)\\) \u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86 \\(T(n)\\) \u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e10\u8fd1\u4e0a\u754c\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a \\(T(n) = O(f(n))\\) \u3002

    \u5982\u56fe 2-8 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u6e10\u8fd1\u4e0a\u754c\u5c31\u662f\u5bfb\u627e\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570 \\(f(n)\\) \uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5f53 \\(n\\) \u8d8b\u5411\u4e8e\u65e0\u7a77\u5927\u65f6\uff0c\\(T(n)\\) \u548c \\(f(n)\\) \u5904\u4e8e\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u589e\u957f\u7ea7\u522b\uff0c\u4ec5\u76f8\u5dee\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e38\u6570\u9879 \\(c\\) \u7684\u500d\u6570\u3002

    \u56fe 2-8 \u00a0 \u51fd\u6570\u7684\u6e10\u8fd1\u4e0a\u754c

    "},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/time_complexity/#233","title":"2.3.3 \u00a0 \u63a8\u7b97\u65b9\u6cd5","text":"

    \u6e10\u8fd1\u4e0a\u754c\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u5473\u513f\u6709\u70b9\u91cd\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u611f\u89c9\u6ca1\u6709\u5b8c\u5168\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u4e5f\u65e0\u987b\u62c5\u5fc3\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5148\u638c\u63e1\u63a8\u7b97\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u9010\u6e10\u9886\u609f\u5176\u6570\u5b66\u610f\u4e49\u3002

    \u6839\u636e\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u786e\u5b9a \\(f(n)\\) \u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4fbf\u53ef\u5f97\u5230\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 \\(O(f(n))\\) \u3002\u90a3\u4e48\u5982\u4f55\u786e\u5b9a\u6e10\u8fd1\u4e0a\u754c \\(f(n)\\) \u5462\uff1f\u603b\u4f53\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u6b65\uff1a\u9996\u5148\u7edf\u8ba1\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5224\u65ad\u6e10\u8fd1\u4e0a\u754c\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/time_complexity/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\uff1a\u7edf\u8ba1\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u91cf","text":"

    \u9488\u5bf9\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u9010\u884c\u4ece\u4e0a\u5230\u4e0b\u8ba1\u7b97\u5373\u53ef\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u4e0a\u8ff0 \\(c \\cdot f(n)\\) \u4e2d\u7684\u5e38\u6570\u9879 \\(c\\) \u53ef\u4ee5\u53d6\u4efb\u610f\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u91cf \\(T(n)\\) \u4e2d\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u7cfb\u6570\u3001\u5e38\u6570\u9879\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5ffd\u7565\u3002\u6839\u636e\u6b64\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u603b\u7ed3\u51fa\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8ba1\u6570\u7b80\u5316\u6280\u5de7\u3002

    1. \u5ffd\u7565 \\(T(n)\\) \u4e2d\u7684\u5e38\u6570\u9879\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u4e0e \\(n\\) \u65e0\u5173\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5bf9\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e0d\u4ea7\u751f\u5f71\u54cd\u3002
    2. \u7701\u7565\u6240\u6709\u7cfb\u6570\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5faa\u73af \\(2n\\) \u6b21\u3001\\(5n + 1\\) \u6b21\u7b49\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b80\u5316\u8bb0\u4e3a \\(n\\) \u6b21\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a \\(n\\) \u524d\u9762\u7684\u7cfb\u6570\u5bf9\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u6ca1\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\u3002
    3. \u5faa\u73af\u5d4c\u5957\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\u4e58\u6cd5\u3002\u603b\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u91cf\u7b49\u4e8e\u5916\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\u548c\u5185\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u91cf\u4e4b\u79ef\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\u4f9d\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u522b\u5957\u7528\u7b2c 1. \u70b9\u548c\u7b2c 2. \u70b9\u7684\u6280\u5de7\u3002

    \u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6280\u5de7\u6765\u7edf\u8ba1\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u91cf\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig 
    def algorithm(n: int):\n    a = 1      # +0\uff08\u6280\u5de7 1\uff09\n    a = a + n  # +0\uff08\u6280\u5de7 1\uff09\n    # +n\uff08\u6280\u5de7 2\uff09\n    for i in range(5 * n + 1):\n        print(0)\n    # +n*n\uff08\u6280\u5de7 3\uff09\n    for i in range(2 * n):\n        for j in range(n + 1):\n            print(0)\n
    void algorithm(int n) {\n    int a = 1;  // +0\uff08\u6280\u5de7 1\uff09\n    a = a + n;  // +0\uff08\u6280\u5de7 1\uff09\n    // +n\uff08\u6280\u5de7 2\uff09\n    for (int i = 0; i < 5 * n + 1; i++) {\n        cout << 0 << endl;\n    }\n    // +n*n\uff08\u6280\u5de7 3\uff09\n    for (int i = 0; i < 2 * n; i++) {\n        for (int j = 0; j < n + 1; j++) {\n            cout << 0 << endl;\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    void algorithm(int n) {\n    int a = 1;  // +0\uff08\u6280\u5de7 1\uff09\n    a = a + n;  // +0\uff08\u6280\u5de7 1\uff09\n    // +n\uff08\u6280\u5de7 2\uff09\n    for (int i = 0; i < 5 * n + 1; i++) {\n        System.out.println(0);\n    }\n    // +n*n\uff08\u6280\u5de7 3\uff09\n    for (int i = 0; i < 2 * n; i++) {\n        for (int j = 0; j < n + 1; j++) {\n            System.out.println(0);\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    void Algorithm(int n) {\n    int a = 1;  // +0\uff08\u6280\u5de7 1\uff09\n    a = a + n;  // +0\uff08\u6280\u5de7 1\uff09\n    // +n\uff08\u6280\u5de7 2\uff09\n    for (int i = 0; i < 5 * n + 1; i++) {\n        Console.WriteLine(0);\n    }\n    // +n*n\uff08\u6280\u5de7 3\uff09\n    for (int i = 0; i < 2 * n; i++) {\n        for (int j = 0; j < n + 1; j++) {\n            Console.WriteLine(0);\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    func algorithm(n int) {\n    a := 1     // +0\uff08\u6280\u5de7 1\uff09\n    a = a + n  // +0\uff08\u6280\u5de7 1\uff09\n    // +n\uff08\u6280\u5de7 2\uff09\n    for i := 0; i < 5 * n + 1; i++ {\n        fmt.Println(0)\n    }\n    // +n*n\uff08\u6280\u5de7 3\uff09\n    for i := 0; i < 2 * n; i++ {\n        for j := 0; j < n + 1; j++ {\n            fmt.Println(0)\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    func algorithm(n: Int) {\n    var a = 1 // +0\uff08\u6280\u5de7 1\uff09\n    a = a + n // +0\uff08\u6280\u5de7 1\uff09\n    // +n\uff08\u6280\u5de7 2\uff09\n    for _ in 0 ..< (5 * n + 1) {\n        print(0)\n    }\n    // +n*n\uff08\u6280\u5de7 3\uff09\n    for _ in 0 ..< (2 * n) {\n        for _ in 0 ..< (n + 1) {\n            print(0)\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    function algorithm(n) {\n    let a = 1;  // +0\uff08\u6280\u5de7 1\uff09\n    a = a + n;  // +0\uff08\u6280\u5de7 1\uff09\n    // +n\uff08\u6280\u5de7 2\uff09\n    for (let i = 0; i < 5 * n + 1; i++) {\n        console.log(0);\n    }\n    // +n*n\uff08\u6280\u5de7 3\uff09\n    for (let i = 0; i < 2 * n; i++) {\n        for (let j = 0; j < n + 1; j++) {\n            console.log(0);\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    function algorithm(n: number): void {\n    let a = 1;  // +0\uff08\u6280\u5de7 1\uff09\n    a = a + n;  // +0\uff08\u6280\u5de7 1\uff09\n    // +n\uff08\u6280\u5de7 2\uff09\n    for (let i = 0; i < 5 * n + 1; i++) {\n        console.log(0);\n    }\n    // +n*n\uff08\u6280\u5de7 3\uff09\n    for (let i = 0; i < 2 * n; i++) {\n        for (let j = 0; j < n + 1; j++) {\n            console.log(0);\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    void algorithm(int n) {\n  int a = 1; // +0\uff08\u6280\u5de7 1\uff09\n  a = a + n; // +0\uff08\u6280\u5de7 1\uff09\n  // +n\uff08\u6280\u5de7 2\uff09\n  for (int i = 0; i < 5 * n + 1; i++) {\n    print(0);\n  }\n  // +n*n\uff08\u6280\u5de7 3\uff09\n  for (int i = 0; i < 2 * n; i++) {\n    for (int j = 0; j < n + 1; j++) {\n      print(0);\n    }\n  }\n}\n
    fn algorithm(n: i32) {\n    let mut a = 1;     // +0\uff08\u6280\u5de7 1\uff09\n    a = a + n;        // +0\uff08\u6280\u5de7 1\uff09\n\n    // +n\uff08\u6280\u5de7 2\uff09\n    for i in 0..(5 * n + 1) {\n        println!(\"{}\", 0);\n    }\n\n    // +n*n\uff08\u6280\u5de7 3\uff09\n    for i in 0..(2 * n) {\n        for j in 0..(n + 1) {\n            println!(\"{}\", 0);\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    void algorithm(int n) {\n    int a = 1;  // +0\uff08\u6280\u5de7 1\uff09\n    a = a + n;  // +0\uff08\u6280\u5de7 1\uff09\n    // +n\uff08\u6280\u5de7 2\uff09\n    for (int i = 0; i < 5 * n + 1; i++) {\n        printf(\"%d\", 0);\n    }\n    // +n*n\uff08\u6280\u5de7 3\uff09\n    for (int i = 0; i < 2 * n; i++) {\n        for (int j = 0; j < n + 1; j++) {\n            printf(\"%d\", 0);\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    fn algorithm(n: usize) void {\n    var a: i32 = 1;     // +0\uff08\u6280\u5de7 1\uff09\n    a = a + @as(i32, @intCast(n));        // +0\uff08\u6280\u5de7 1\uff09\n\n    // +n\uff08\u6280\u5de7 2\uff09\n    for(0..(5 * n + 1)) |_| {\n        std.debug.print(\"{}\\n\", .{0}); \n    }\n\n    // +n*n\uff08\u6280\u5de7 3\uff09\n    for(0..(2 * n)) |_| {\n        for(0..(n + 1)) |_| {\n            std.debug.print(\"{}\\n\", .{0}); \n        }\n    }\n}\n

    \u4ee5\u4e0b\u516c\u5f0f\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6280\u5de7\u524d\u540e\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u4e24\u8005\u63a8\u7b97\u51fa\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u90fd\u4e3a \\(O(n^2)\\) \u3002

    \\[ \\begin{aligned} T(n) & = 2n(n + 1) + (5n + 1) + 2 & \\text{\u5b8c\u6574\u7edf\u8ba1 (-.-|||)} \\newline & = 2n^2 + 7n + 3 \\newline T(n) & = n^2 + n & \\text{\u5077\u61d2\u7edf\u8ba1 (o.O)} \\end{aligned} \\]"},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/time_complexity/#2","title":"2. \u00a0 \u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b65\uff1a\u5224\u65ad\u6e10\u8fd1\u4e0a\u754c","text":"

    \u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7531 \\(T(n)\\) \u4e2d\u6700\u9ad8\u9636\u7684\u9879\u6765\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728 \\(n\\) \u8d8b\u4e8e\u65e0\u7a77\u5927\u65f6\uff0c\u6700\u9ad8\u9636\u7684\u9879\u5c06\u53d1\u6325\u4e3b\u5bfc\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u9879\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5ffd\u7565\u3002

    \u8868 2-2 \u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e9b\u5938\u5f20\u7684\u503c\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5f3a\u8c03\u201c\u7cfb\u6570\u65e0\u6cd5\u64bc\u52a8\u9636\u6570\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ed3\u8bba\u3002\u5f53 \\(n\\) \u8d8b\u4e8e\u65e0\u7a77\u5927\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e38\u6570\u53d8\u5f97\u65e0\u8db3\u8f7b\u91cd\u3002

    \u8868 2-2 \u00a0 \u4e0d\u540c\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u91cf\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6

    \u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u91cf \\(T(n)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 \\(O(f(n))\\) \\(100000\\) \\(O(1)\\) \\(3n + 2\\) \\(O(n)\\) \\(2n^2 + 3n + 2\\) \\(O(n^2)\\) \\(n^3 + 10000n^2\\) \\(O(n^3)\\) \\(2^n + 10000n^{10000}\\) \\(O(2^n)\\)"},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/time_complexity/#234","title":"2.3.4 \u00a0 \u5e38\u89c1\u7c7b\u578b","text":"

    \u8bbe\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5927\u5c0f\u4e3a \\(n\\) \uff0c\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7c7b\u578b\u5982\u56fe 2-9 \u6240\u793a\uff08\u6309\u7167\u4ece\u4f4e\u5230\u9ad8\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u6392\u5217\uff09\u3002

    \\[ \\begin{aligned} O(1) < O(\\log n) < O(n) < O(n \\log n) < O(n^2) < O(2^n) < O(n!) \\newline \\text{\u5e38\u6570\u9636} < \\text{\u5bf9\u6570\u9636} < \\text{\u7ebf\u6027\u9636} < \\text{\u7ebf\u6027\u5bf9\u6570\u9636} < \\text{\u5e73\u65b9\u9636} < \\text{\u6307\u6570\u9636} < \\text{\u9636\u4e58\u9636} \\end{aligned} \\]

    \u56fe 2-9 \u00a0 \u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7c7b\u578b

    "},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/time_complexity/#1-o1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u5e38\u6570\u9636 \\(O(1)\\)","text":"

    \u5e38\u6570\u9636\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u91cf\u4e0e\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5927\u5c0f \\(n\\) \u65e0\u5173\uff0c\u5373\u4e0d\u968f\u7740 \\(n\\) \u7684\u53d8\u5316\u800c\u53d8\u5316\u3002

    \u5728\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u91cf size \u53ef\u80fd\u5f88\u5927\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u5176\u4e0e\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5927\u5c0f \\(n\\) \u65e0\u5173\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4ecd\u4e3a \\(O(1)\\) \uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig time_complexity.py
    def constant(n: int) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u5e38\u6570\u9636\"\"\"\n    count = 0\n    size = 100000\n    for _ in range(size):\n        count += 1\n    return count\n
    time_complexity.cpp
    /* \u5e38\u6570\u9636 */\nint constant(int n) {\n    int count = 0;\n    int size = 100000;\n    for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)\n        count++;\n    return count;\n}\n
    time_complexity.java
    /* \u5e38\u6570\u9636 */\nint constant(int n) {\n    int count = 0;\n    int size = 100000;\n    for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)\n        count++;\n    return count;\n}\n
    time_complexity.cs
    /* \u5e38\u6570\u9636 */\nint Constant(int n) {\n    int count = 0;\n    int size = 100000;\n    for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)\n        count++;\n    return count;\n}\n
    time_complexity.go
    /* \u5e38\u6570\u9636 */\nfunc constant(n int) int {\n    count := 0\n    size := 100000\n    for i := 0; i < size; i++ {\n        count++\n    }\n    return count\n}\n
    time_complexity.swift
    /* \u5e38\u6570\u9636 */\nfunc constant(n: Int) -> Int {\n    var count = 0\n    let size = 100_000\n    for _ in 0 ..< size {\n        count += 1\n    }\n    return count\n}\n
    time_complexity.js
    /* \u5e38\u6570\u9636 */\nfunction constant(n) {\n    let count = 0;\n    const size = 100000;\n    for (let i = 0; i < size; i++) count++;\n    return count;\n}\n
    time_complexity.ts
    /* \u5e38\u6570\u9636 */\nfunction constant(n: number): number {\n    let count = 0;\n    const size = 100000;\n    for (let i = 0; i < size; i++) count++;\n    return count;\n}\n
    time_complexity.dart
    /* \u5e38\u6570\u9636 */\nint constant(int n) {\n  int count = 0;\n  int size = 100000;\n  for (var i = 0; i < size; i++) {\n    count++;\n  }\n  return count;\n}\n
    time_complexity.rs
    /* \u5e38\u6570\u9636 */\nfn constant(n: i32) -> i32 {\n    _ = n;\n    let mut count = 0;\n    let size = 100_000;\n    for _ in 0..size {\n        count += 1;\n    }\n    count\n}\n
    time_complexity.c
    /* \u5e38\u6570\u9636 */\nint constant(int n) {\n    int count = 0;\n    int size = 100000;\n    int i = 0;\n    for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {\n        count++;\n    }\n    return count;\n}\n
    time_complexity.zig
    // \u5e38\u6570\u9636\nfn constant(n: i32) i32 {\n    _ = n;\n    var count: i32 = 0;\n    const size: i32 = 100_000;\n    var i: i32 = 0;\n    while(i<size) : (i += 1) {\n        count += 1;\n    }\n    return count;\n}\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/time_complexity/#2-on","title":"2. \u00a0 \u7ebf\u6027\u9636 \\(O(n)\\)","text":"

    \u7ebf\u6027\u9636\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u91cf\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5927\u5c0f \\(n\\) \u4ee5\u7ebf\u6027\u7ea7\u522b\u589e\u957f\u3002\u7ebf\u6027\u9636\u901a\u5e38\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u5355\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig time_complexity.py
    def linear(n: int) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u7ebf\u6027\u9636\"\"\"\n    count = 0\n    for _ in range(n):\n        count += 1\n    return count\n
    time_complexity.cpp
    /* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636 */\nint linear(int n) {\n    int count = 0;\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)\n        count++;\n    return count;\n}\n
    time_complexity.java
    /* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636 */\nint linear(int n) {\n    int count = 0;\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)\n        count++;\n    return count;\n}\n
    time_complexity.cs
    /* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636 */\nint Linear(int n) {\n    int count = 0;\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)\n        count++;\n    return count;\n}\n
    time_complexity.go
    /* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636 */\nfunc linear(n int) int {\n    count := 0\n    for i := 0; i < n; i++ {\n        count++\n    }\n    return count\n}\n
    time_complexity.swift
    /* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636 */\nfunc linear(n: Int) -> Int {\n    var count = 0\n    for _ in 0 ..< n {\n        count += 1\n    }\n    return count\n}\n
    time_complexity.js
    /* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636 */\nfunction linear(n) {\n    let count = 0;\n    for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) count++;\n    return count;\n}\n
    time_complexity.ts
    /* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636 */\nfunction linear(n: number): number {\n    let count = 0;\n    for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) count++;\n    return count;\n}\n
    time_complexity.dart
    /* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636 */\nint linear(int n) {\n  int count = 0;\n  for (var i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n    count++;\n  }\n  return count;\n}\n
    time_complexity.rs
    /* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636 */\nfn linear(n: i32) -> i32 {\n    let mut count = 0;\n    for _ in 0..n {\n        count += 1;\n    }\n    count\n}\n
    time_complexity.c
    /* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636 */\nint linear(int n) {\n    int count = 0;\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        count++;\n    }\n    return count;\n}\n
    time_complexity.zig
    // \u7ebf\u6027\u9636\nfn linear(n: i32) i32 {\n    var count: i32 = 0;\n    var i: i32 = 0;\n    while (i < n) : (i += 1) {\n        count += 1;\n    }\n    return count;\n}\n

    \u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u904d\u5386\u94fe\u8868\u7b49\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5747\u4e3a \\(O(n)\\) \uff0c\u5176\u4e2d \\(n\\) \u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u6216\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig time_complexity.py
    def array_traversal(nums: list[int]) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u7ebf\u6027\u9636\uff08\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\uff09\"\"\"\n    count = 0\n    # \u5faa\u73af\u6b21\u6570\u4e0e\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u6210\u6b63\u6bd4\n    for num in nums:\n        count += 1\n    return count\n
    time_complexity.cpp
    /* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636\uff08\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\uff09 */\nint arrayTraversal(vector<int> &nums) {\n    int count = 0;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u6b21\u6570\u4e0e\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u6210\u6b63\u6bd4\n    for (int num : nums) {\n        count++;\n    }\n    return count;\n}\n
    time_complexity.java
    /* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636\uff08\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\uff09 */\nint arrayTraversal(int[] nums) {\n    int count = 0;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u6b21\u6570\u4e0e\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u6210\u6b63\u6bd4\n    for (int num : nums) {\n        count++;\n    }\n    return count;\n}\n
    time_complexity.cs
    /* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636\uff08\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\uff09 */\nint ArrayTraversal(int[] nums) {\n    int count = 0;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u6b21\u6570\u4e0e\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u6210\u6b63\u6bd4\n    foreach (int num in nums) {\n        count++;\n    }\n    return count;\n}\n
    time_complexity.go
    /* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636\uff08\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\uff09 */\nfunc arrayTraversal(nums []int) int {\n    count := 0\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u6b21\u6570\u4e0e\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u6210\u6b63\u6bd4\n    for range nums {\n        count++\n    }\n    return count\n}\n
    time_complexity.swift
    /* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636\uff08\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\uff09 */\nfunc arrayTraversal(nums: [Int]) -> Int {\n    var count = 0\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u6b21\u6570\u4e0e\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u6210\u6b63\u6bd4\n    for _ in nums {\n        count += 1\n    }\n    return count\n}\n
    time_complexity.js
    /* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636\uff08\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\uff09 */\nfunction arrayTraversal(nums) {\n    let count = 0;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u6b21\u6570\u4e0e\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u6210\u6b63\u6bd4\n    for (let i = 0; i < nums.length; i++) {\n        count++;\n    }\n    return count;\n}\n
    time_complexity.ts
    /* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636\uff08\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\uff09 */\nfunction arrayTraversal(nums: number[]): number {\n    let count = 0;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u6b21\u6570\u4e0e\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u6210\u6b63\u6bd4\n    for (let i = 0; i < nums.length; i++) {\n        count++;\n    }\n    return count;\n}\n
    time_complexity.dart
    /* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636\uff08\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\uff09 */\nint arrayTraversal(List<int> nums) {\n  int count = 0;\n  // \u5faa\u73af\u6b21\u6570\u4e0e\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u6210\u6b63\u6bd4\n  for (var _num in nums) {\n    count++;\n  }\n  return count;\n}\n
    time_complexity.rs
    /* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636\uff08\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\uff09 */\nfn array_traversal(nums: &[i32]) -> i32 {\n    let mut count = 0;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u6b21\u6570\u4e0e\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u6210\u6b63\u6bd4\n    for _ in nums {\n        count += 1;\n    }\n    count\n}\n
    time_complexity.c
    /* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636\uff08\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\uff09 */\nint arrayTraversal(int *nums, int n) {\n    int count = 0;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u6b21\u6570\u4e0e\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u6210\u6b63\u6bd4\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        count++;\n    }\n    return count;\n}\n
    time_complexity.zig
    // \u7ebf\u6027\u9636\uff08\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\uff09\nfn arrayTraversal(nums: []i32) i32 {\n    var count: i32 = 0;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u6b21\u6570\u4e0e\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u6210\u6b63\u6bd4\n    for (nums) |_| {\n        count += 1;\n    }\n    return count;\n}\n

    \u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5927\u5c0f \\(n\\) \u9700\u6839\u636e\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u6765\u5177\u4f53\u786e\u5b9a\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u53d8\u91cf \\(n\\) \u4e3a\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5927\u5c0f\uff1b\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6 \\(n\\) \u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u5927\u5c0f\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/time_complexity/#3-on2","title":"3. \u00a0 \u5e73\u65b9\u9636 \\(O(n^2)\\)","text":"

    \u5e73\u65b9\u9636\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u91cf\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5927\u5c0f \\(n\\) \u4ee5\u5e73\u65b9\u7ea7\u522b\u589e\u957f\u3002\u5e73\u65b9\u9636\u901a\u5e38\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u5d4c\u5957\u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\uff0c\u5916\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\u548c\u5185\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u90fd\u4e3a \\(O(n)\\) \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u603b\u4f53\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n^2)\\) \uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig time_complexity.py
    def quadratic(n: int) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u5e73\u65b9\u9636\"\"\"\n    count = 0\n    # \u5faa\u73af\u6b21\u6570\u4e0e\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u6210\u5e73\u65b9\u5173\u7cfb\n    for i in range(n):\n        for j in range(n):\n            count += 1\n    return count\n
    time_complexity.cpp
    /* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636 */\nint quadratic(int n) {\n    int count = 0;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u6b21\u6570\u4e0e\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u6210\u5e73\u65b9\u5173\u7cfb\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {\n            count++;\n        }\n    }\n    return count;\n}\n
    time_complexity.java
    /* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636 */\nint quadratic(int n) {\n    int count = 0;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u6b21\u6570\u4e0e\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u6210\u5e73\u65b9\u5173\u7cfb\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {\n            count++;\n        }\n    }\n    return count;\n}\n
    time_complexity.cs
    /* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636 */\nint Quadratic(int n) {\n    int count = 0;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u6b21\u6570\u4e0e\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u6210\u5e73\u65b9\u5173\u7cfb\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {\n            count++;\n        }\n    }\n    return count;\n}\n
    time_complexity.go
    /* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636 */\nfunc quadratic(n int) int {\n    count := 0\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u6b21\u6570\u4e0e\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u6210\u5e73\u65b9\u5173\u7cfb\n    for i := 0; i < n; i++ {\n        for j := 0; j < n; j++ {\n            count++\n        }\n    }\n    return count\n}\n
    time_complexity.swift
    /* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636 */\nfunc quadratic(n: Int) -> Int {\n    var count = 0\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u6b21\u6570\u4e0e\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u6210\u5e73\u65b9\u5173\u7cfb\n    for _ in 0 ..< n {\n        for _ in 0 ..< n {\n            count += 1\n        }\n    }\n    return count\n}\n
    time_complexity.js
    /* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636 */\nfunction quadratic(n) {\n    let count = 0;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u6b21\u6570\u4e0e\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u6210\u5e73\u65b9\u5173\u7cfb\n    for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        for (let j = 0; j < n; j++) {\n            count++;\n        }\n    }\n    return count;\n}\n
    time_complexity.ts
    /* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636 */\nfunction quadratic(n: number): number {\n    let count = 0;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u6b21\u6570\u4e0e\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u6210\u5e73\u65b9\u5173\u7cfb\n    for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        for (let j = 0; j < n; j++) {\n            count++;\n        }\n    }\n    return count;\n}\n
    time_complexity.dart
    /* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636 */\nint quadratic(int n) {\n  int count = 0;\n  // \u5faa\u73af\u6b21\u6570\u4e0e\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u6210\u5e73\u65b9\u5173\u7cfb\n  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n    for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {\n      count++;\n    }\n  }\n  return count;\n}\n
    time_complexity.rs
    /* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636 */\nfn quadratic(n: i32) -> i32 {\n    let mut count = 0;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u6b21\u6570\u4e0e\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u6210\u5e73\u65b9\u5173\u7cfb\n    for _ in 0..n {\n        for _ in 0..n {\n            count += 1;\n        }\n    }\n    count\n}\n
    time_complexity.c
    /* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636 */\nint quadratic(int n) {\n    int count = 0;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u6b21\u6570\u4e0e\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u6210\u5e73\u65b9\u5173\u7cfb\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {\n            count++;\n        }\n    }\n    return count;\n}\n
    time_complexity.zig
    // \u5e73\u65b9\u9636\nfn quadratic(n: i32) i32 {\n    var count: i32 = 0;\n    var i: i32 = 0;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u6b21\u6570\u4e0e\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u6210\u5e73\u65b9\u5173\u7cfb\n    while (i < n) : (i += 1) {\n        var j: i32 = 0;\n        while (j < n) : (j += 1) {\n            count += 1;\n        }\n    }\n    return count;\n}\n

    \u56fe 2-10 \u5bf9\u6bd4\u4e86\u5e38\u6570\u9636\u3001\u7ebf\u6027\u9636\u548c\u5e73\u65b9\u9636\u4e09\u79cd\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u3002

    \u56fe 2-10 \u00a0 \u5e38\u6570\u9636\u3001\u7ebf\u6027\u9636\u548c\u5e73\u65b9\u9636\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6

    \u4ee5\u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u5916\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\u6267\u884c \\(n - 1\\) \u6b21\uff0c\u5185\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\u6267\u884c \\(n-1\\)\u3001\\(n-2\\)\u3001\\(\\dots\\)\u3001\\(2\\)\u3001\\(1\\) \u6b21\uff0c\u5e73\u5747\u4e3a \\(n / 2\\) \u6b21\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O((n - 1) n / 2) = O(n^2)\\) \uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig time_complexity.py
    def bubble_sort(nums: list[int]) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u5e73\u65b9\u9636\uff08\u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\uff09\"\"\"\n    count = 0  # \u8ba1\u6570\u5668\n    # \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\n    for i in range(len(nums) - 1, 0, -1):\n        # \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef\n        for j in range(i):\n            if nums[j] > nums[j + 1]:\n                # \u4ea4\u6362 nums[j] \u4e0e nums[j + 1]\n                tmp: int = nums[j]\n                nums[j] = nums[j + 1]\n                nums[j + 1] = tmp\n                count += 3  # \u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u5305\u542b 3 \u4e2a\u5355\u5143\u64cd\u4f5c\n    return count\n
    time_complexity.cpp
    /* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636\uff08\u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\uff09 */\nint bubbleSort(vector<int> &nums) {\n    int count = 0; // \u8ba1\u6570\u5668\n    // \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\n    for (int i = nums.size() - 1; i > 0; i--) {\n        // \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef\n        for (int j = 0; j < i; j++) {\n            if (nums[j] > nums[j + 1]) {\n                // \u4ea4\u6362 nums[j] \u4e0e nums[j + 1]\n                int tmp = nums[j];\n                nums[j] = nums[j + 1];\n                nums[j + 1] = tmp;\n                count += 3; // \u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u5305\u542b 3 \u4e2a\u5355\u5143\u64cd\u4f5c\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return count;\n}\n
    time_complexity.java
    /* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636\uff08\u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\uff09 */\nint bubbleSort(int[] nums) {\n    int count = 0; // \u8ba1\u6570\u5668\n    // \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\n    for (int i = nums.length - 1; i > 0; i--) {\n        // \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef\n        for (int j = 0; j < i; j++) {\n            if (nums[j] > nums[j + 1]) {\n                // \u4ea4\u6362 nums[j] \u4e0e nums[j + 1]\n                int tmp = nums[j];\n                nums[j] = nums[j + 1];\n                nums[j + 1] = tmp;\n                count += 3; // \u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u5305\u542b 3 \u4e2a\u5355\u5143\u64cd\u4f5c\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return count;\n}\n
    time_complexity.cs
    /* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636\uff08\u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\uff09 */\nint BubbleSort(int[] nums) {\n    int count = 0;  // \u8ba1\u6570\u5668\n    // \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\n    for (int i = nums.Length - 1; i > 0; i--) {\n        // \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef \n        for (int j = 0; j < i; j++) {\n            if (nums[j] > nums[j + 1]) {\n                // \u4ea4\u6362 nums[j] \u4e0e nums[j + 1]\n                (nums[j + 1], nums[j]) = (nums[j], nums[j + 1]);\n                count += 3;  // \u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u5305\u542b 3 \u4e2a\u5355\u5143\u64cd\u4f5c\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return count;\n}\n
    time_complexity.go
    /* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636\uff08\u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\uff09 */\nfunc bubbleSort(nums []int) int {\n    count := 0 // \u8ba1\u6570\u5668\n    // \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\n    for i := len(nums) - 1; i > 0; i-- {\n        // \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef\n        for j := 0; j < i; j++ {\n            if nums[j] > nums[j+1] {\n                // \u4ea4\u6362 nums[j] \u4e0e nums[j + 1]\n                tmp := nums[j]\n                nums[j] = nums[j+1]\n                nums[j+1] = tmp\n                count += 3 // \u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u5305\u542b 3 \u4e2a\u5355\u5143\u64cd\u4f5c\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return count\n}\n
    time_complexity.swift
    /* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636\uff08\u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\uff09 */\nfunc bubbleSort(nums: inout [Int]) -> Int {\n    var count = 0 // \u8ba1\u6570\u5668\n    // \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\n    for i in stride(from: nums.count - 1, to: 0, by: -1) {\n        // \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef \n        for j in 0 ..< i {\n            if nums[j] > nums[j + 1] {\n                // \u4ea4\u6362 nums[j] \u4e0e nums[j + 1]\n                let tmp = nums[j]\n                nums[j] = nums[j + 1]\n                nums[j + 1] = tmp\n                count += 3 // \u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u5305\u542b 3 \u4e2a\u5355\u5143\u64cd\u4f5c\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return count\n}\n
    time_complexity.js
    /* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636\uff08\u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\uff09 */\nfunction bubbleSort(nums) {\n    let count = 0; // \u8ba1\u6570\u5668\n    // \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\n    for (let i = nums.length - 1; i > 0; i--) {\n        // \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef\n        for (let j = 0; j < i; j++) {\n            if (nums[j] > nums[j + 1]) {\n                // \u4ea4\u6362 nums[j] \u4e0e nums[j + 1]\n                let tmp = nums[j];\n                nums[j] = nums[j + 1];\n                nums[j + 1] = tmp;\n                count += 3; // \u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u5305\u542b 3 \u4e2a\u5355\u5143\u64cd\u4f5c\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return count;\n}\n
    time_complexity.ts
    /* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636\uff08\u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\uff09 */\nfunction bubbleSort(nums: number[]): number {\n    let count = 0; // \u8ba1\u6570\u5668\n    // \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\n    for (let i = nums.length - 1; i > 0; i--) {\n        // \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef\n        for (let j = 0; j < i; j++) {\n            if (nums[j] > nums[j + 1]) {\n                // \u4ea4\u6362 nums[j] \u4e0e nums[j + 1]\n                let tmp = nums[j];\n                nums[j] = nums[j + 1];\n                nums[j + 1] = tmp;\n                count += 3; // \u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u5305\u542b 3 \u4e2a\u5355\u5143\u64cd\u4f5c\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return count;\n}\n
    time_complexity.dart
    /* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636\uff08\u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\uff09 */\nint bubbleSort(List<int> nums) {\n  int count = 0; // \u8ba1\u6570\u5668\n  // \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\n  for (var i = nums.length - 1; i > 0; i--) {\n    // \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef\n    for (var j = 0; j < i; j++) {\n      if (nums[j] > nums[j + 1]) {\n        // \u4ea4\u6362 nums[j] \u4e0e nums[j + 1]\n        int tmp = nums[j];\n        nums[j] = nums[j + 1];\n        nums[j + 1] = tmp;\n        count += 3; // \u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u5305\u542b 3 \u4e2a\u5355\u5143\u64cd\u4f5c\n      }\n    }\n  }\n  return count;\n}\n
    time_complexity.rs
    /* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636\uff08\u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\uff09 */\nfn bubble_sort(nums: &mut [i32]) -> i32 {\n    let mut count = 0; // \u8ba1\u6570\u5668\n    // \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\n    for i in (1..nums.len()).rev() {\n        // \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef \n        for j in 0..i {\n            if nums[j] > nums[j + 1] {\n                // \u4ea4\u6362 nums[j] \u4e0e nums[j + 1]\n                let tmp = nums[j];\n                nums[j] = nums[j + 1];\n                nums[j + 1] = tmp;\n                count += 3; // \u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u5305\u542b 3 \u4e2a\u5355\u5143\u64cd\u4f5c\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    count\n}\n
    time_complexity.c
    /* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636\uff08\u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\uff09 */\nint bubbleSort(int *nums, int n) {\n    int count = 0; // \u8ba1\u6570\u5668\n    // \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\n    for (int i = n - 1; i > 0; i--) {\n        // \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef\n        for (int j = 0; j < i; j++) {\n            if (nums[j] > nums[j + 1]) {\n                // \u4ea4\u6362 nums[j] \u4e0e nums[j + 1]\n                int tmp = nums[j];\n                nums[j] = nums[j + 1];\n                nums[j + 1] = tmp;\n                count += 3; // \u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u5305\u542b 3 \u4e2a\u5355\u5143\u64cd\u4f5c\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return count;\n}\n
    time_complexity.zig
    // \u5e73\u65b9\u9636\uff08\u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\uff09\nfn bubbleSort(nums: []i32) i32 {\n    var count: i32 = 0;  // \u8ba1\u6570\u5668 \n    // \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\n    var i: i32 = @as(i32, @intCast(nums.len)) - 1;\n    while (i > 0) : (i -= 1) {\n        var j: usize = 0;\n        // \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef \n        while (j < i) : (j += 1) {\n            if (nums[j] > nums[j + 1]) {\n                // \u4ea4\u6362 nums[j] \u4e0e nums[j + 1]\n                var tmp = nums[j];\n                nums[j] = nums[j + 1];\n                nums[j + 1] = tmp;\n                count += 3;  // \u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u5305\u542b 3 \u4e2a\u5355\u5143\u64cd\u4f5c\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return count;\n}\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/time_complexity/#4-o2n","title":"4. \u00a0 \u6307\u6570\u9636 \\(O(2^n)\\)","text":"

    \u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7684\u201c\u7ec6\u80de\u5206\u88c2\u201d\u662f\u6307\u6570\u9636\u589e\u957f\u7684\u5178\u578b\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a\u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\u4e3a \\(1\\) \u4e2a\u7ec6\u80de\uff0c\u5206\u88c2\u4e00\u8f6e\u540e\u53d8\u4e3a \\(2\\) \u4e2a\uff0c\u5206\u88c2\u4e24\u8f6e\u540e\u53d8\u4e3a \\(4\\) \u4e2a\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u7c7b\u63a8\uff0c\u5206\u88c2 \\(n\\) \u8f6e\u540e\u6709 \\(2^n\\) \u4e2a\u7ec6\u80de\u3002

    \u56fe 2-11 \u548c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u6a21\u62df\u4e86\u7ec6\u80de\u5206\u88c2\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(2^n)\\) \uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig time_complexity.py
    def exponential(n: int) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5faa\u73af\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09\"\"\"\n    count = 0\n    base = 1\n    # \u7ec6\u80de\u6bcf\u8f6e\u4e00\u5206\u4e3a\u4e8c\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u6570\u5217 1, 2, 4, 8, ..., 2^(n-1)\n    for _ in range(n):\n        for _ in range(base):\n            count += 1\n        base *= 2\n    # count = 1 + 2 + 4 + 8 + .. + 2^(n-1) = 2^n - 1\n    return count\n
    time_complexity.cpp
    /* \u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5faa\u73af\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nint exponential(int n) {\n    int count = 0, base = 1;\n    // \u7ec6\u80de\u6bcf\u8f6e\u4e00\u5206\u4e3a\u4e8c\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u6570\u5217 1, 2, 4, 8, ..., 2^(n-1)\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        for (int j = 0; j < base; j++) {\n            count++;\n        }\n        base *= 2;\n    }\n    // count = 1 + 2 + 4 + 8 + .. + 2^(n-1) = 2^n - 1\n    return count;\n}\n
    time_complexity.java
    /* \u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5faa\u73af\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nint exponential(int n) {\n    int count = 0, base = 1;\n    // \u7ec6\u80de\u6bcf\u8f6e\u4e00\u5206\u4e3a\u4e8c\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u6570\u5217 1, 2, 4, 8, ..., 2^(n-1)\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        for (int j = 0; j < base; j++) {\n            count++;\n        }\n        base *= 2;\n    }\n    // count = 1 + 2 + 4 + 8 + .. + 2^(n-1) = 2^n - 1\n    return count;\n}\n
    time_complexity.cs
    /* \u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5faa\u73af\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nint Exponential(int n) {\n    int count = 0, bas = 1;\n    // \u7ec6\u80de\u6bcf\u8f6e\u4e00\u5206\u4e3a\u4e8c\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u6570\u5217 1, 2, 4, 8, ..., 2^(n-1)\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        for (int j = 0; j < bas; j++) {\n            count++;\n        }\n        bas *= 2;\n    }\n    // count = 1 + 2 + 4 + 8 + .. + 2^(n-1) = 2^n - 1\n    return count;\n}\n
    time_complexity.go
    /* \u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5faa\u73af\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09*/\nfunc exponential(n int) int {\n    count, base := 0, 1\n    // \u7ec6\u80de\u6bcf\u8f6e\u4e00\u5206\u4e3a\u4e8c\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u6570\u5217 1, 2, 4, 8, ..., 2^(n-1)\n    for i := 0; i < n; i++ {\n        for j := 0; j < base; j++ {\n            count++\n        }\n        base *= 2\n    }\n    // count = 1 + 2 + 4 + 8 + .. + 2^(n-1) = 2^n - 1\n    return count\n}\n
    time_complexity.swift
    /* \u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5faa\u73af\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nfunc exponential(n: Int) -> Int {\n    var count = 0\n    var base = 1\n    // \u7ec6\u80de\u6bcf\u8f6e\u4e00\u5206\u4e3a\u4e8c\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u6570\u5217 1, 2, 4, 8, ..., 2^(n-1)\n    for _ in 0 ..< n {\n        for _ in 0 ..< base {\n            count += 1\n        }\n        base *= 2\n    }\n    // count = 1 + 2 + 4 + 8 + .. + 2^(n-1) = 2^n - 1\n    return count\n}\n
    time_complexity.js
    /* \u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5faa\u73af\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nfunction exponential(n) {\n    let count = 0,\n        base = 1;\n    // \u7ec6\u80de\u6bcf\u8f6e\u4e00\u5206\u4e3a\u4e8c\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u6570\u5217 1, 2, 4, 8, ..., 2^(n-1)\n    for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        for (let j = 0; j < base; j++) {\n            count++;\n        }\n        base *= 2;\n    }\n    // count = 1 + 2 + 4 + 8 + .. + 2^(n-1) = 2^n - 1\n    return count;\n}\n
    time_complexity.ts
    /* \u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5faa\u73af\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nfunction exponential(n: number): number {\n    let count = 0,\n        base = 1;\n    // \u7ec6\u80de\u6bcf\u8f6e\u4e00\u5206\u4e3a\u4e8c\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u6570\u5217 1, 2, 4, 8, ..., 2^(n-1)\n    for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        for (let j = 0; j < base; j++) {\n            count++;\n        }\n        base *= 2;\n    }\n    // count = 1 + 2 + 4 + 8 + .. + 2^(n-1) = 2^n - 1\n    return count;\n}\n
    time_complexity.dart
    /* \u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5faa\u73af\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nint exponential(int n) {\n  int count = 0, base = 1;\n  // \u7ec6\u80de\u6bcf\u8f6e\u4e00\u5206\u4e3a\u4e8c\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u6570\u5217 1, 2, 4, 8, ..., 2^(n-1)\n  for (var i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n    for (var j = 0; j < base; j++) {\n      count++;\n    }\n    base *= 2;\n  }\n  // count = 1 + 2 + 4 + 8 + .. + 2^(n-1) = 2^n - 1\n  return count;\n}\n
    time_complexity.rs
    /* \u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5faa\u73af\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nfn exponential(n: i32) -> i32 {\n    let mut count = 0;\n    let mut base = 1;\n    // \u7ec6\u80de\u6bcf\u8f6e\u4e00\u5206\u4e3a\u4e8c\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u6570\u5217 1, 2, 4, 8, ..., 2^(n-1)\n    for _ in 0..n {\n        for _ in 0..base {\n            count += 1\n        }\n        base *= 2;\n    }\n    // count = 1 + 2 + 4 + 8 + .. + 2^(n-1) = 2^n - 1\n    count\n}\n
    time_complexity.c
    /* \u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5faa\u73af\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nint exponential(int n) {\n    int count = 0;\n    int bas = 1;\n    // \u7ec6\u80de\u6bcf\u8f6e\u4e00\u5206\u4e3a\u4e8c\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u6570\u5217 1, 2, 4, 8, ..., 2^(n-1)\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        for (int j = 0; j < bas; j++) {\n            count++;\n        }\n        bas *= 2;\n    }\n    // count = 1 + 2 + 4 + 8 + .. + 2^(n-1) = 2^n - 1\n    return count;\n}\n
    time_complexity.zig
    // \u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5faa\u73af\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09\nfn exponential(n: i32) i32 {\n    var count: i32 = 0;\n    var bas: i32 = 1;\n    var i: i32 = 0;\n    // \u7ec6\u80de\u6bcf\u8f6e\u4e00\u5206\u4e3a\u4e8c\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u6570\u5217 1, 2, 4, 8, ..., 2^(n-1)\n    while (i < n) : (i += 1) {\n        var j: i32 = 0;\n        while (j < bas) : (j += 1) {\n            count += 1;\n        }\n        bas *= 2;\n    }\n    // count = 1 + 2 + 4 + 8 + .. + 2^(n-1) = 2^n - 1\n    return count;\n}\n

    \u56fe 2-11 \u00a0 \u6307\u6570\u9636\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6

    \u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e2d\uff0c\u6307\u6570\u9636\u5e38\u51fa\u73b0\u4e8e\u9012\u5f52\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\uff0c\u5176\u9012\u5f52\u5730\u4e00\u5206\u4e3a\u4e8c\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7 \\(n\\) \u6b21\u5206\u88c2\u540e\u505c\u6b62\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig time_complexity.py
    def exp_recur(n: int) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09\"\"\"\n    if n == 1:\n        return 1\n    return exp_recur(n - 1) + exp_recur(n - 1) + 1\n
    time_complexity.cpp
    /* \u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nint expRecur(int n) {\n    if (n == 1)\n        return 1;\n    return expRecur(n - 1) + expRecur(n - 1) + 1;\n}\n
    time_complexity.java
    /* \u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nint expRecur(int n) {\n    if (n == 1)\n        return 1;\n    return expRecur(n - 1) + expRecur(n - 1) + 1;\n}\n
    time_complexity.cs
    /* \u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nint ExpRecur(int n) {\n    if (n == 1) return 1;\n    return ExpRecur(n - 1) + ExpRecur(n - 1) + 1;\n}\n
    time_complexity.go
    /* \u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09*/\nfunc expRecur(n int) int {\n    if n == 1 {\n        return 1\n    }\n    return expRecur(n-1) + expRecur(n-1) + 1\n}\n
    time_complexity.swift
    /* \u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nfunc expRecur(n: Int) -> Int {\n    if n == 1 {\n        return 1\n    }\n    return expRecur(n: n - 1) + expRecur(n: n - 1) + 1\n}\n
    time_complexity.js
    /* \u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nfunction expRecur(n) {\n    if (n === 1) return 1;\n    return expRecur(n - 1) + expRecur(n - 1) + 1;\n}\n
    time_complexity.ts
    /* \u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nfunction expRecur(n: number): number {\n    if (n === 1) return 1;\n    return expRecur(n - 1) + expRecur(n - 1) + 1;\n}\n
    time_complexity.dart
    /* \u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nint expRecur(int n) {\n  if (n == 1) return 1;\n  return expRecur(n - 1) + expRecur(n - 1) + 1;\n}\n
    time_complexity.rs
    /* \u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nfn exp_recur(n: i32) -> i32 {\n    if n == 1 {\n        return 1;\n    }\n    exp_recur(n - 1) + exp_recur(n - 1) + 1\n}\n
    time_complexity.c
    /* \u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nint expRecur(int n) {\n    if (n == 1)\n        return 1;\n    return expRecur(n - 1) + expRecur(n - 1) + 1;\n}\n
    time_complexity.zig
    // \u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09\nfn expRecur(n: i32) i32 {\n    if (n == 1) return 1;\n    return expRecur(n - 1) + expRecur(n - 1) + 1;\n}\n

    \u6307\u6570\u9636\u589e\u957f\u975e\u5e38\u8fc5\u901f\uff0c\u5728\u7a77\u4e3e\u6cd5\uff08\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22\u3001\u56de\u6eaf\u7b49\uff09\u4e2d\u6bd4\u8f83\u5e38\u89c1\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u89c4\u6a21\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6307\u6570\u9636\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u6216\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u7b49\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/time_complexity/#5-olog-n","title":"5. \u00a0 \u5bf9\u6570\u9636 \\(O(\\log n)\\)","text":"

    \u4e0e\u6307\u6570\u9636\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5bf9\u6570\u9636\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u201c\u6bcf\u8f6e\u7f29\u51cf\u5230\u4e00\u534a\u201d\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u8bbe\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5927\u5c0f\u4e3a \\(n\\) \uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u6bcf\u8f6e\u7f29\u51cf\u5230\u4e00\u534a\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5faa\u73af\u6b21\u6570\u662f \\(\\log_2 n\\) \uff0c\u5373 \\(2^n\\) \u7684\u53cd\u51fd\u6570\u3002

    \u56fe 2-12 \u548c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u6a21\u62df\u4e86\u201c\u6bcf\u8f6e\u7f29\u51cf\u5230\u4e00\u534a\u201d\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(\\log_2 n)\\) \uff0c\u7b80\u8bb0\u4e3a \\(O(\\log n)\\) \uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig time_complexity.py
    def logarithmic(n: float) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u5bf9\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5faa\u73af\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09\"\"\"\n    count = 0\n    while n > 1:\n        n = n / 2\n        count += 1\n    return count\n
    time_complexity.cpp
    /* \u5bf9\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5faa\u73af\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nint logarithmic(float n) {\n    int count = 0;\n    while (n > 1) {\n        n = n / 2;\n        count++;\n    }\n    return count;\n}\n
    time_complexity.java
    /* \u5bf9\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5faa\u73af\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nint logarithmic(float n) {\n    int count = 0;\n    while (n > 1) {\n        n = n / 2;\n        count++;\n    }\n    return count;\n}\n
    time_complexity.cs
    /* \u5bf9\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5faa\u73af\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nint Logarithmic(float n) {\n    int count = 0;\n    while (n > 1) {\n        n /= 2;\n        count++;\n    }\n    return count;\n}\n
    time_complexity.go
    /* \u5bf9\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5faa\u73af\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09*/\nfunc logarithmic(n float64) int {\n    count := 0\n    for n > 1 {\n        n = n / 2\n        count++\n    }\n    return count\n}\n
    time_complexity.swift
    /* \u5bf9\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5faa\u73af\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nfunc logarithmic(n: Double) -> Int {\n    var count = 0\n    var n = n\n    while n > 1 {\n        n = n / 2\n        count += 1\n    }\n    return count\n}\n
    time_complexity.js
    /* \u5bf9\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5faa\u73af\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nfunction logarithmic(n) {\n    let count = 0;\n    while (n > 1) {\n        n = n / 2;\n        count++;\n    }\n    return count;\n}\n
    time_complexity.ts
    /* \u5bf9\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5faa\u73af\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nfunction logarithmic(n: number): number {\n    let count = 0;\n    while (n > 1) {\n        n = n / 2;\n        count++;\n    }\n    return count;\n}\n
    time_complexity.dart
    /* \u5bf9\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5faa\u73af\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nint logarithmic(num n) {\n  int count = 0;\n  while (n > 1) {\n    n = n / 2;\n    count++;\n  }\n  return count;\n}\n
    time_complexity.rs
    /* \u5bf9\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5faa\u73af\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nfn logarithmic(mut n: f32) -> i32 {\n    let mut count = 0;\n    while n > 1.0 {\n        n = n / 2.0;\n        count += 1;\n    }\n    count\n}\n
    time_complexity.c
    /* \u5bf9\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5faa\u73af\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nint logarithmic(float n) {\n    int count = 0;\n    while (n > 1) {\n        n = n / 2;\n        count++;\n    }\n    return count;\n}\n
    time_complexity.zig
    // \u5bf9\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5faa\u73af\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09\nfn logarithmic(n: f32) i32 {\n    var count: i32 = 0;\n    var n_var = n;\n    while (n_var > 1)\n    {\n        n_var = n_var / 2;\n        count +=1;\n    }\n    return count;\n}\n

    \u56fe 2-12 \u00a0 \u5bf9\u6570\u9636\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6

    \u4e0e\u6307\u6570\u9636\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u5bf9\u6570\u9636\u4e5f\u5e38\u51fa\u73b0\u4e8e\u9012\u5f52\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u68f5\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(\\log_2 n\\) \u7684\u9012\u5f52\u6811\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig time_complexity.py
    def log_recur(n: float) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u5bf9\u6570\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09\"\"\"\n    if n <= 1:\n        return 0\n    return log_recur(n / 2) + 1\n
    time_complexity.cpp
    /* \u5bf9\u6570\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nint logRecur(float n) {\n    if (n <= 1)\n        return 0;\n    return logRecur(n / 2) + 1;\n}\n
    time_complexity.java
    /* \u5bf9\u6570\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nint logRecur(float n) {\n    if (n <= 1)\n        return 0;\n    return logRecur(n / 2) + 1;\n}\n
    time_complexity.cs
    /* \u5bf9\u6570\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nint LogRecur(float n) {\n    if (n <= 1) return 0;\n    return LogRecur(n / 2) + 1;\n}\n
    time_complexity.go
    /* \u5bf9\u6570\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09*/\nfunc logRecur(n float64) int {\n    if n <= 1 {\n        return 0\n    }\n    return logRecur(n/2) + 1\n}\n
    time_complexity.swift
    /* \u5bf9\u6570\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nfunc logRecur(n: Double) -> Int {\n    if n <= 1 {\n        return 0\n    }\n    return logRecur(n: n / 2) + 1\n}\n
    time_complexity.js
    /* \u5bf9\u6570\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nfunction logRecur(n) {\n    if (n <= 1) return 0;\n    return logRecur(n / 2) + 1;\n}\n
    time_complexity.ts
    /* \u5bf9\u6570\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nfunction logRecur(n: number): number {\n    if (n <= 1) return 0;\n    return logRecur(n / 2) + 1;\n}\n
    time_complexity.dart
    /* \u5bf9\u6570\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nint logRecur(num n) {\n  if (n <= 1) return 0;\n  return logRecur(n / 2) + 1;\n}\n
    time_complexity.rs
    /* \u5bf9\u6570\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nfn log_recur(n: f32) -> i32 {\n    if n <= 1.0 {\n        return 0;\n    }\n    log_recur(n / 2.0) + 1\n}\n
    time_complexity.c
    /* \u5bf9\u6570\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nint logRecur(float n) {\n    if (n <= 1)\n        return 0;\n    return logRecur(n / 2) + 1;\n}\n
    time_complexity.zig
    // \u5bf9\u6570\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09\nfn logRecur(n: f32) i32 {\n    if (n <= 1) return 0;\n    return logRecur(n / 2) + 1;\n}\n

    \u5bf9\u6570\u9636\u5e38\u51fa\u73b0\u4e8e\u57fa\u4e8e\u5206\u6cbb\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u201c\u4e00\u5206\u4e3a\u591a\u201d\u548c\u201c\u5316\u7e41\u4e3a\u7b80\u201d\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u601d\u60f3\u3002\u5b83\u589e\u957f\u7f13\u6162\uff0c\u662f\u4ec5\u6b21\u4e8e\u5e38\u6570\u9636\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u3002

    \\(O(\\log n)\\) \u7684\u5e95\u6570\u662f\u591a\u5c11\uff1f

    \u51c6\u786e\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u4e00\u5206\u4e3a \\(m\\)\u201d\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u662f \\(O(\\log_m n)\\) \u3002\u800c\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u6570\u6362\u5e95\u516c\u5f0f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u5e95\u6570\u3001\u76f8\u7b49\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a

    \\[ O(\\log_m n) = O(\\log_k n / \\log_k m) = O(\\log_k n) \\]

    \u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5e95\u6570 \\(m\\) \u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e0d\u5f71\u54cd\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\u8f6c\u6362\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u7701\u7565\u5e95\u6570 \\(m\\) \uff0c\u5c06\u5bf9\u6570\u9636\u76f4\u63a5\u8bb0\u4e3a \\(O(\\log n)\\) \u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/time_complexity/#6-on-log-n","title":"6. \u00a0 \u7ebf\u6027\u5bf9\u6570\u9636 \\(O(n \\log n)\\)","text":"

    \u7ebf\u6027\u5bf9\u6570\u9636\u5e38\u51fa\u73b0\u4e8e\u5d4c\u5957\u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e24\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5206\u522b\u4e3a \\(O(\\log n)\\) \u548c \\(O(n)\\) \u3002\u76f8\u5173\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig time_complexity.py
    def linear_log_recur(n: float) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u7ebf\u6027\u5bf9\u6570\u9636\"\"\"\n    if n <= 1:\n        return 1\n    count: int = linear_log_recur(n // 2) + linear_log_recur(n // 2)\n    for _ in range(n):\n        count += 1\n    return count\n
    time_complexity.cpp
    /* \u7ebf\u6027\u5bf9\u6570\u9636 */\nint linearLogRecur(float n) {\n    if (n <= 1)\n        return 1;\n    int count = linearLogRecur(n / 2) + linearLogRecur(n / 2);\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        count++;\n    }\n    return count;\n}\n
    time_complexity.java
    /* \u7ebf\u6027\u5bf9\u6570\u9636 */\nint linearLogRecur(float n) {\n    if (n <= 1)\n        return 1;\n    int count = linearLogRecur(n / 2) + linearLogRecur(n / 2);\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        count++;\n    }\n    return count;\n}\n
    time_complexity.cs
    /* \u7ebf\u6027\u5bf9\u6570\u9636 */\nint LinearLogRecur(float n) {\n    if (n <= 1) return 1;\n    int count = LinearLogRecur(n / 2) + LinearLogRecur(n / 2);\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        count++;\n    }\n    return count;\n}\n
    time_complexity.go
    /* \u7ebf\u6027\u5bf9\u6570\u9636 */\nfunc linearLogRecur(n float64) int {\n    if n <= 1 {\n        return 1\n    }\n    count := linearLogRecur(n/2) + linearLogRecur(n/2)\n    for i := 0.0; i < n; i++ {\n        count++\n    }\n    return count\n}\n
    time_complexity.swift
    /* \u7ebf\u6027\u5bf9\u6570\u9636 */\nfunc linearLogRecur(n: Double) -> Int {\n    if n <= 1 {\n        return 1\n    }\n    var count = linearLogRecur(n: n / 2) + linearLogRecur(n: n / 2)\n    for _ in stride(from: 0, to: n, by: 1) {\n        count += 1\n    }\n    return count\n}\n
    time_complexity.js
    /* \u7ebf\u6027\u5bf9\u6570\u9636 */\nfunction linearLogRecur(n) {\n    if (n <= 1) return 1;\n    let count = linearLogRecur(n / 2) + linearLogRecur(n / 2);\n    for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        count++;\n    }\n    return count;\n}\n
    time_complexity.ts
    /* \u7ebf\u6027\u5bf9\u6570\u9636 */\nfunction linearLogRecur(n: number): number {\n    if (n <= 1) return 1;\n    let count = linearLogRecur(n / 2) + linearLogRecur(n / 2);\n    for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        count++;\n    }\n    return count;\n}\n
    time_complexity.dart
    /* \u7ebf\u6027\u5bf9\u6570\u9636 */\nint linearLogRecur(num n) {\n  if (n <= 1) return 1;\n  int count = linearLogRecur(n / 2) + linearLogRecur(n / 2);\n  for (var i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n    count++;\n  }\n  return count;\n}\n
    time_complexity.rs
    /* \u7ebf\u6027\u5bf9\u6570\u9636 */\nfn linear_log_recur(n: f32) -> i32 {\n    if n <= 1.0 {\n        return 1;\n    }\n    let mut count = linear_log_recur(n / 2.0) + linear_log_recur(n / 2.0);\n    for _ in 0 ..n as i32 {\n        count += 1;\n    }\n    return count\n}\n
    time_complexity.c
    /* \u7ebf\u6027\u5bf9\u6570\u9636 */\nint linearLogRecur(float n) {\n    if (n <= 1)\n        return 1;\n    int count = linearLogRecur(n / 2) + linearLogRecur(n / 2);\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        count++;\n    }\n    return count;\n}\n
    time_complexity.zig
    // \u7ebf\u6027\u5bf9\u6570\u9636\nfn linearLogRecur(n: f32) i32 {\n    if (n <= 1) return 1;\n    var count: i32 = linearLogRecur(n / 2) + linearLogRecur(n / 2);\n    var i: f32 = 0;\n    while (i < n) : (i += 1) {\n        count += 1;\n    }\n    return count;\n}\n

    \u56fe 2-13 \u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u7ebf\u6027\u5bf9\u6570\u9636\u7684\u751f\u6210\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u5c42\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u603b\u6570\u90fd\u4e3a \\(n\\) \uff0c\u6811\u5171\u6709 \\(\\log_2 n + 1\\) \u5c42\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n \\log n)\\) \u3002

    \u56fe 2-13 \u00a0 \u7ebf\u6027\u5bf9\u6570\u9636\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6

    \u4e3b\u6d41\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u901a\u5e38\u4e3a \\(O(n \\log n)\\) \uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u3001\u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f\u3001\u5806\u6392\u5e8f\u7b49\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/time_complexity/#7-on","title":"7. \u00a0 \u9636\u4e58\u9636 \\(O(n!)\\)","text":"

    \u9636\u4e58\u9636\u5bf9\u5e94\u6570\u5b66\u4e0a\u7684\u201c\u5168\u6392\u5217\u201d\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u7ed9\u5b9a \\(n\\) \u4e2a\u4e92\u4e0d\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u6c42\u5176\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u6392\u5217\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u91cf\u4e3a\uff1a

    \\[ n! = n \\times (n - 1) \\times (n - 2) \\times \\dots \\times 2 \\times 1 \\]

    \u9636\u4e58\u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u5982\u56fe 2-14 \u548c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u5c42\u5206\u88c2\u51fa \\(n\\) \u4e2a\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5c42\u5206\u88c2\u51fa \\(n - 1\\) \u4e2a\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u7c7b\u63a8\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u7b2c \\(n\\) \u5c42\u65f6\u505c\u6b62\u5206\u88c2\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig time_complexity.py
    def factorial_recur(n: int) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u9636\u4e58\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09\"\"\"\n    if n == 0:\n        return 1\n    count = 0\n    # \u4ece 1 \u4e2a\u5206\u88c2\u51fa n \u4e2a\n    for _ in range(n):\n        count += factorial_recur(n - 1)\n    return count\n
    time_complexity.cpp
    /* \u9636\u4e58\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nint factorialRecur(int n) {\n    if (n == 0)\n        return 1;\n    int count = 0;\n    // \u4ece 1 \u4e2a\u5206\u88c2\u51fa n \u4e2a\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        count += factorialRecur(n - 1);\n    }\n    return count;\n}\n
    time_complexity.java
    /* \u9636\u4e58\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nint factorialRecur(int n) {\n    if (n == 0)\n        return 1;\n    int count = 0;\n    // \u4ece 1 \u4e2a\u5206\u88c2\u51fa n \u4e2a\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        count += factorialRecur(n - 1);\n    }\n    return count;\n}\n
    time_complexity.cs
    /* \u9636\u4e58\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nint FactorialRecur(int n) {\n    if (n == 0) return 1;\n    int count = 0;\n    // \u4ece 1 \u4e2a\u5206\u88c2\u51fa n \u4e2a\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        count += FactorialRecur(n - 1);\n    }\n    return count;\n}\n
    time_complexity.go
    /* \u9636\u4e58\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nfunc factorialRecur(n int) int {\n    if n == 0 {\n        return 1\n    }\n    count := 0\n    // \u4ece 1 \u4e2a\u5206\u88c2\u51fa n \u4e2a\n    for i := 0; i < n; i++ {\n        count += factorialRecur(n - 1)\n    }\n    return count\n}\n
    time_complexity.swift
    /* \u9636\u4e58\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nfunc factorialRecur(n: Int) -> Int {\n    if n == 0 {\n        return 1\n    }\n    var count = 0\n    // \u4ece 1 \u4e2a\u5206\u88c2\u51fa n \u4e2a\n    for _ in 0 ..< n {\n        count += factorialRecur(n: n - 1)\n    }\n    return count\n}\n
    time_complexity.js
    /* \u9636\u4e58\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nfunction factorialRecur(n) {\n    if (n === 0) return 1;\n    let count = 0;\n    // \u4ece 1 \u4e2a\u5206\u88c2\u51fa n \u4e2a\n    for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        count += factorialRecur(n - 1);\n    }\n    return count;\n}\n
    time_complexity.ts
    /* \u9636\u4e58\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nfunction factorialRecur(n: number): number {\n    if (n === 0) return 1;\n    let count = 0;\n    // \u4ece 1 \u4e2a\u5206\u88c2\u51fa n \u4e2a\n    for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        count += factorialRecur(n - 1);\n    }\n    return count;\n}\n
    time_complexity.dart
    /* \u9636\u4e58\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nint factorialRecur(int n) {\n  if (n == 0) return 1;\n  int count = 0;\n  // \u4ece 1 \u4e2a\u5206\u88c2\u51fa n \u4e2a\n  for (var i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n    count += factorialRecur(n - 1);\n  }\n  return count;\n}\n
    time_complexity.rs
    /* \u9636\u4e58\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nfn factorial_recur(n: i32) -> i32 {\n    if n == 0 {\n        return 1;\n    }\n    let mut count = 0;\n    // \u4ece 1 \u4e2a\u5206\u88c2\u51fa n \u4e2a\n    for _ in 0..n {\n        count += factorial_recur(n - 1);\n    }\n    count\n}\n
    time_complexity.c
    /* \u9636\u4e58\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nint factorialRecur(int n) {\n    if (n == 0)\n        return 1;\n    int count = 0;\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        count += factorialRecur(n - 1);\n    }\n    return count;\n}\n
    time_complexity.zig
    // \u9636\u4e58\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09\nfn factorialRecur(n: i32) i32 {\n    if (n == 0) return 1;\n    var count: i32 = 0;\n    var i: i32 = 0;\n    // \u4ece 1 \u4e2a\u5206\u88c2\u51fa n \u4e2a\n    while (i < n) : (i += 1) {\n        count += factorialRecur(n - 1);\n    }\n    return count;\n}\n

    \u56fe 2-14 \u00a0 \u9636\u4e58\u9636\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6

    \u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5f53 \\(n \\geq 4\\) \u65f6\u6052\u6709 \\(n! > 2^n\\) \uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u9636\u4e58\u9636\u6bd4\u6307\u6570\u9636\u589e\u957f\u5f97\u66f4\u5feb\uff0c\u5728 \\(n\\) \u8f83\u5927\u65f6\u4e5f\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/time_complexity/#235","title":"2.3.5 \u00a0 \u6700\u5dee\u3001\u6700\u4f73\u3001\u5e73\u5747\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6","text":"

    \u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6548\u7387\u5f80\u5f80\u4e0d\u662f\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e0e\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u6709\u5173\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u8f93\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(n\\) \u7684\u6570\u7ec4 nums \uff0c\u5176\u4e2d nums \u7531\u4ece \\(1\\) \u81f3 \\(n\\) \u7684\u6570\u5b57\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u53ea\u51fa\u73b0\u4e00\u6b21\uff1b\u4f46\u5143\u7d20\u987a\u5e8f\u662f\u968f\u673a\u6253\u4e71\u7684\uff0c\u4efb\u52a1\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u8fd4\u56de\u5143\u7d20 \\(1\\) \u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u51fa\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7ed3\u8bba\u3002

    • \u5f53 nums = [?, ?, ..., 1] \uff0c\u5373\u5f53\u672b\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\u662f \\(1\\) \u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5b8c\u6574\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u5dee\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 \\(O(n)\\) \u3002
    • \u5f53 nums = [1, ?, ?, ...] \uff0c\u5373\u5f53\u9996\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u4e3a \\(1\\) \u65f6\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u6570\u7ec4\u591a\u957f\u90fd\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7ee7\u7eed\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u4f73\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 \\(\\Omega(1)\\) \u3002

    \u201c\u6700\u5dee\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u201d\u5bf9\u5e94\u51fd\u6570\u6e10\u8fd1\u4e0a\u754c\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u5927 \\(O\\) \u8bb0\u53f7\u8868\u793a\u3002\u76f8\u5e94\u5730\uff0c\u201c\u6700\u4f73\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u201d\u5bf9\u5e94\u51fd\u6570\u6e10\u8fd1\u4e0b\u754c\uff0c\u7528 \\(\\Omega\\) \u8bb0\u53f7\u8868\u793a\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig worst_best_time_complexity.py
    def random_numbers(n: int) -> list[int]:\n    \"\"\"\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u4e3a: 1, 2, ..., n \uff0c\u987a\u5e8f\u88ab\u6253\u4e71\"\"\"\n    # \u751f\u6210\u6570\u7ec4 nums =: 1, 2, 3, ..., n\n    nums = [i for i in range(1, n + 1)]\n    # \u968f\u673a\u6253\u4e71\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\n    random.shuffle(nums)\n    return nums\n\ndef find_one(nums: list[int]) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u67e5\u627e\u6570\u7ec4 nums \u4e2d\u6570\u5b57 1 \u6240\u5728\u7d22\u5f15\"\"\"\n    for i in range(len(nums)):\n        # \u5f53\u5143\u7d20 1 \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u65f6\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u4f73\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(1)\n        # \u5f53\u5143\u7d20 1 \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u65f6\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u5dee\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(n)\n        if nums[i] == 1:\n            return i\n    return -1\n
    worst_best_time_complexity.cpp
    /* \u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u4e3a { 1, 2, ..., n }\uff0c\u987a\u5e8f\u88ab\u6253\u4e71 */\nvector<int> randomNumbers(int n) {\n    vector<int> nums(n);\n    // \u751f\u6210\u6570\u7ec4 nums = { 1, 2, 3, ..., n }\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        nums[i] = i + 1;\n    }\n    // \u4f7f\u7528\u7cfb\u7edf\u65f6\u95f4\u751f\u6210\u968f\u673a\u79cd\u5b50\n    unsigned seed = chrono::system_clock::now().time_since_epoch().count();\n    // \u968f\u673a\u6253\u4e71\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\n    shuffle(nums.begin(), nums.end(), default_random_engine(seed));\n    return nums;\n}\n\n/* \u67e5\u627e\u6570\u7ec4 nums \u4e2d\u6570\u5b57 1 \u6240\u5728\u7d22\u5f15 */\nint findOne(vector<int> &nums) {\n    for (int i = 0; i < nums.size(); i++) {\n        // \u5f53\u5143\u7d20 1 \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u65f6\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u4f73\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(1)\n        // \u5f53\u5143\u7d20 1 \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u65f6\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u5dee\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(n)\n        if (nums[i] == 1)\n            return i;\n    }\n    return -1;\n}\n
    worst_best_time_complexity.java
    /* \u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u4e3a { 1, 2, ..., n }\uff0c\u987a\u5e8f\u88ab\u6253\u4e71 */\nint[] randomNumbers(int n) {\n    Integer[] nums = new Integer[n];\n    // \u751f\u6210\u6570\u7ec4 nums = { 1, 2, 3, ..., n }\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        nums[i] = i + 1;\n    }\n    // \u968f\u673a\u6253\u4e71\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\n    Collections.shuffle(Arrays.asList(nums));\n    // Integer[] -> int[]\n    int[] res = new int[n];\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        res[i] = nums[i];\n    }\n    return res;\n}\n\n/* \u67e5\u627e\u6570\u7ec4 nums \u4e2d\u6570\u5b57 1 \u6240\u5728\u7d22\u5f15 */\nint findOne(int[] nums) {\n    for (int i = 0; i < nums.length; i++) {\n        // \u5f53\u5143\u7d20 1 \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u65f6\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u4f73\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(1)\n        // \u5f53\u5143\u7d20 1 \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u65f6\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u5dee\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(n)\n        if (nums[i] == 1)\n            return i;\n    }\n    return -1;\n}\n
    worst_best_time_complexity.cs
    /* \u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u4e3a { 1, 2, ..., n }\uff0c\u987a\u5e8f\u88ab\u6253\u4e71 */\nint[] RandomNumbers(int n) {\n    int[] nums = new int[n];\n    // \u751f\u6210\u6570\u7ec4 nums = { 1, 2, 3, ..., n }\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        nums[i] = i + 1;\n    }\n\n    // \u968f\u673a\u6253\u4e71\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\n    for (int i = 0; i < nums.Length; i++) {\n        int index = new Random().Next(i, nums.Length);\n        (nums[i], nums[index]) = (nums[index], nums[i]);\n    }\n    return nums;\n}\n\n/* \u67e5\u627e\u6570\u7ec4 nums \u4e2d\u6570\u5b57 1 \u6240\u5728\u7d22\u5f15 */\nint FindOne(int[] nums) {\n    for (int i = 0; i < nums.Length; i++) {\n        // \u5f53\u5143\u7d20 1 \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u65f6\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u4f73\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(1)\n        // \u5f53\u5143\u7d20 1 \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u65f6\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u5dee\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(n)\n        if (nums[i] == 1)\n            return i;\n    }\n    return -1;\n}\n
    worst_best_time_complexity.go
    /* \u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u4e3a { 1, 2, ..., n }\uff0c\u987a\u5e8f\u88ab\u6253\u4e71 */\nfunc randomNumbers(n int) []int {\n    nums := make([]int, n)\n    // \u751f\u6210\u6570\u7ec4 nums = { 1, 2, 3, ..., n }\n    for i := 0; i < n; i++ {\n        nums[i] = i + 1\n    }\n    // \u968f\u673a\u6253\u4e71\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\n    rand.Shuffle(len(nums), func(i, j int) {\n        nums[i], nums[j] = nums[j], nums[i]\n    })\n    return nums\n}\n\n/* \u67e5\u627e\u6570\u7ec4 nums \u4e2d\u6570\u5b57 1 \u6240\u5728\u7d22\u5f15 */\nfunc findOne(nums []int) int {\n    for i := 0; i < len(nums); i++ {\n        // \u5f53\u5143\u7d20 1 \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u65f6\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u4f73\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(1)\n        // \u5f53\u5143\u7d20 1 \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u65f6\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u5dee\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(n)\n        if nums[i] == 1 {\n            return i\n        }\n    }\n    return -1\n}\n
    worst_best_time_complexity.swift
    /* \u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u4e3a { 1, 2, ..., n }\uff0c\u987a\u5e8f\u88ab\u6253\u4e71 */\nfunc randomNumbers(n: Int) -> [Int] {\n    // \u751f\u6210\u6570\u7ec4 nums = { 1, 2, 3, ..., n }\n    var nums = Array(1 ... n)\n    // \u968f\u673a\u6253\u4e71\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\n    nums.shuffle()\n    return nums\n}\n\n/* \u67e5\u627e\u6570\u7ec4 nums \u4e2d\u6570\u5b57 1 \u6240\u5728\u7d22\u5f15 */\nfunc findOne(nums: [Int]) -> Int {\n    for i in nums.indices {\n        // \u5f53\u5143\u7d20 1 \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u65f6\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u4f73\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(1)\n        // \u5f53\u5143\u7d20 1 \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u65f6\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u5dee\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(n)\n        if nums[i] == 1 {\n            return i\n        }\n    }\n    return -1\n}\n
    worst_best_time_complexity.js
    /* \u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u4e3a { 1, 2, ..., n }\uff0c\u987a\u5e8f\u88ab\u6253\u4e71 */\nfunction randomNumbers(n) {\n    const nums = Array(n);\n    // \u751f\u6210\u6570\u7ec4 nums = { 1, 2, 3, ..., n }\n    for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        nums[i] = i + 1;\n    }\n    // \u968f\u673a\u6253\u4e71\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\n    for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        const r = Math.floor(Math.random() * (i + 1));\n        const temp = nums[i];\n        nums[i] = nums[r];\n        nums[r] = temp;\n    }\n    return nums;\n}\n\n/* \u67e5\u627e\u6570\u7ec4 nums \u4e2d\u6570\u5b57 1 \u6240\u5728\u7d22\u5f15 */\nfunction findOne(nums) {\n    for (let i = 0; i < nums.length; i++) {\n        // \u5f53\u5143\u7d20 1 \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u65f6\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u4f73\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(1)\n        // \u5f53\u5143\u7d20 1 \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u65f6\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u5dee\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(n)\n        if (nums[i] === 1) {\n            return i;\n        }\n    }\n    return -1;\n}\n
    worst_best_time_complexity.ts
    /* \u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u4e3a { 1, 2, ..., n }\uff0c\u987a\u5e8f\u88ab\u6253\u4e71 */\nfunction randomNumbers(n: number): number[] {\n    const nums = Array(n);\n    // \u751f\u6210\u6570\u7ec4 nums = { 1, 2, 3, ..., n }\n    for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        nums[i] = i + 1;\n    }\n    // \u968f\u673a\u6253\u4e71\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\n    for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        const r = Math.floor(Math.random() * (i + 1));\n        const temp = nums[i];\n        nums[i] = nums[r];\n        nums[r] = temp;\n    }\n    return nums;\n}\n\n/* \u67e5\u627e\u6570\u7ec4 nums \u4e2d\u6570\u5b57 1 \u6240\u5728\u7d22\u5f15 */\nfunction findOne(nums: number[]): number {\n    for (let i = 0; i < nums.length; i++) {\n        // \u5f53\u5143\u7d20 1 \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u65f6\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u4f73\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(1)\n        // \u5f53\u5143\u7d20 1 \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u65f6\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u5dee\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(n)\n        if (nums[i] === 1) {\n            return i;\n        }\n    }\n    return -1;\n}\n
    worst_best_time_complexity.dart
    /* \u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u4e3a { 1, 2, ..., n }\uff0c\u987a\u5e8f\u88ab\u6253\u4e71 */\nList<int> randomNumbers(int n) {\n  final nums = List.filled(n, 0);\n  // \u751f\u6210\u6570\u7ec4 nums = { 1, 2, 3, ..., n }\n  for (var i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n    nums[i] = i + 1;\n  }\n  // \u968f\u673a\u6253\u4e71\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\n  nums.shuffle();\n\n  return nums;\n}\n\n/* \u67e5\u627e\u6570\u7ec4 nums \u4e2d\u6570\u5b57 1 \u6240\u5728\u7d22\u5f15 */\nint findOne(List<int> nums) {\n  for (var i = 0; i < nums.length; i++) {\n    // \u5f53\u5143\u7d20 1 \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u65f6\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u4f73\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(1)\n    // \u5f53\u5143\u7d20 1 \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u65f6\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u5dee\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(n)\n    if (nums[i] == 1) return i;\n  }\n\n  return -1;\n}\n
    worst_best_time_complexity.rs
    /* \u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u4e3a { 1, 2, ..., n }\uff0c\u987a\u5e8f\u88ab\u6253\u4e71 */\nfn random_numbers(n: i32) -> Vec<i32> {\n    // \u751f\u6210\u6570\u7ec4 nums = { 1, 2, 3, ..., n }\n    let mut nums = (1..=n).collect::<Vec<i32>>();\n    // \u968f\u673a\u6253\u4e71\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\n    nums.shuffle(&mut thread_rng());\n    nums\n}\n\n/* \u67e5\u627e\u6570\u7ec4 nums \u4e2d\u6570\u5b57 1 \u6240\u5728\u7d22\u5f15 */\nfn find_one(nums: &[i32]) -> Option<usize> {\n    for i in 0..nums.len() {\n        // \u5f53\u5143\u7d20 1 \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u65f6\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u4f73\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(1)\n        // \u5f53\u5143\u7d20 1 \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u65f6\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u5dee\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(n)\n        if nums[i] == 1 {\n            return Some(i);\n        }\n    }\n    None\n}\n
    worst_best_time_complexity.c
    /* \u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u4e3a { 1, 2, ..., n }\uff0c\u987a\u5e8f\u88ab\u6253\u4e71 */\nint *randomNumbers(int n) {\n    // \u5206\u914d\u5806\u533a\u5185\u5b58\uff08\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u7ef4\u53ef\u53d8\u957f\u6570\u7ec4\uff1a\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u4e3a n \uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u7c7b\u578b\u4e3a int \uff09\n    int *nums = (int *)malloc(n * sizeof(int));\n    // \u751f\u6210\u6570\u7ec4 nums = { 1, 2, 3, ..., n }\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        nums[i] = i + 1;\n    }\n    // \u968f\u673a\u6253\u4e71\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\n    for (int i = n - 1; i > 0; i--) {\n        int j = rand() % (i + 1);\n        int temp = nums[i];\n        nums[i] = nums[j];\n        nums[j] = temp;\n    }\n    return nums;\n}\n\n/* \u67e5\u627e\u6570\u7ec4 nums \u4e2d\u6570\u5b57 1 \u6240\u5728\u7d22\u5f15 */\nint findOne(int *nums, int n) {\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        // \u5f53\u5143\u7d20 1 \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u65f6\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u4f73\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(1)\n        // \u5f53\u5143\u7d20 1 \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u65f6\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u5dee\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(n)\n        if (nums[i] == 1)\n            return i;\n    }\n    return -1;\n}\n
    worst_best_time_complexity.zig
    // \u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u4e3a { 1, 2, ..., n }\uff0c\u987a\u5e8f\u88ab\u6253\u4e71\nfn randomNumbers(comptime n: usize) [n]i32 {\n    var nums: [n]i32 = undefined;\n    // \u751f\u6210\u6570\u7ec4 nums = { 1, 2, 3, ..., n }\n    for (&nums, 0..) |*num, i| {\n        num.* = @as(i32, @intCast(i)) + 1;\n    }\n    // \u968f\u673a\u6253\u4e71\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\n    const rand = std.crypto.random;\n    rand.shuffle(i32, &nums);\n    return nums;\n}\n\n// \u67e5\u627e\u6570\u7ec4 nums \u4e2d\u6570\u5b57 1 \u6240\u5728\u7d22\u5f15\nfn findOne(nums: []i32) i32 {\n    for (nums, 0..) |num, i| {\n        // \u5f53\u5143\u7d20 1 \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u65f6\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u4f73\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(1)\n        // \u5f53\u5143\u7d20 1 \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u65f6\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u5dee\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(n)\n        if (num == 1) return @intCast(i);\n    }\n    return -1;\n}\n

    \u503c\u5f97\u8bf4\u660e\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u4e2d\u5f88\u5c11\u4f7f\u7528\u6700\u4f73\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u901a\u5e38\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u5f88\u5c0f\u6982\u7387\u4e0b\u624d\u80fd\u8fbe\u5230\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5e26\u6765\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u8bef\u5bfc\u6027\u3002\u800c\u6700\u5dee\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u66f4\u4e3a\u5b9e\u7528\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6548\u7387\u5b89\u5168\u503c\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u653e\u5fc3\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002

    \u4ece\u4e0a\u8ff0\u793a\u4f8b\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\uff0c\u6700\u5dee\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u548c\u6700\u4f73\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u53ea\u51fa\u73b0\u4e8e\u201c\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5206\u5e03\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6982\u7387\u53ef\u80fd\u5f88\u5c0f\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u771f\u5b9e\u5730\u53cd\u6620\u7b97\u6cd5\u8fd0\u884c\u6548\u7387\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u5e73\u5747\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f53\u73b0\u7b97\u6cd5\u5728\u968f\u673a\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u4e0b\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u7528 \\(\\Theta\\) \u8bb0\u53f7\u6765\u8868\u793a\u3002

    \u5bf9\u4e8e\u90e8\u5206\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u63a8\u7b97\u51fa\u968f\u673a\u6570\u636e\u5206\u5e03\u4e0b\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u4e0a\u8ff0\u793a\u4f8b\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u7ec4\u662f\u88ab\u6253\u4e71\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5143\u7d20 \\(1\\) \u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u4efb\u610f\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u6982\u7387\u90fd\u662f\u76f8\u7b49\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u5faa\u73af\u6b21\u6570\u5c31\u662f\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u4e00\u534a \\(n / 2\\) \uff0c\u5e73\u5747\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(\\Theta(n / 2) = \\Theta(n)\\) \u3002

    \u4f46\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8f83\u4e3a\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u5e73\u5747\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5f80\u5f80\u6bd4\u8f83\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5f88\u96be\u5206\u6790\u51fa\u5728\u6570\u636e\u5206\u5e03\u4e0b\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u6570\u5b66\u671f\u671b\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u6700\u5dee\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7b97\u6cd5\u6548\u7387\u7684\u8bc4\u5224\u6807\u51c6\u3002

    \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5f88\u5c11\u770b\u5230 \\(\\Theta\\) \u7b26\u53f7\uff1f

    \u53ef\u80fd\u7531\u4e8e \\(O\\) \u7b26\u53f7\u8fc7\u4e8e\u6717\u6717\u4e0a\u53e3\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u5e38\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\u6765\u8868\u793a\u5e73\u5747\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u3002\u4f46\u4ece\u4e25\u683c\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u8bb2\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u505a\u6cd5\u5e76\u4e0d\u89c4\u8303\u3002\u5728\u672c\u4e66\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u8d44\u6599\u4e2d\uff0c\u82e5\u9047\u5230\u7c7b\u4f3c\u201c\u5e73\u5747\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 \\(O(n)\\)\u201d\u7684\u8868\u8ff0\uff0c\u8bf7\u5c06\u5176\u76f4\u63a5\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a \\(\\Theta(n)\\) \u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_data_structure/","title":"\u7b2c 3 \u7ae0 \u00a0 \u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784","text":"

    Abstract

    \u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u5982\u540c\u4e00\u526f\u7a33\u56fa\u800c\u591a\u6837\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u3002

    \u5b83\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6709\u5e8f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u84dd\u56fe\uff0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u5f97\u4ee5\u5728\u6b64\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u751f\u52a8\u8d77\u6765\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_data_structure/#_1","title":"\u672c\u7ae0\u5185\u5bb9","text":"
    • 3.1 \u00a0 \u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u5206\u7c7b
    • 3.2 \u00a0 \u57fa\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b
    • 3.3 \u00a0 \u6570\u5b57\u7f16\u7801 *
    • 3.4 \u00a0 \u5b57\u7b26\u7f16\u7801 *
    • 3.5 \u00a0 \u5c0f\u7ed3
    "},{"location":"chapter_data_structure/basic_data_types/","title":"3.2 \u00a0 \u57fa\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b","text":"

    \u5f53\u8c08\u53ca\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u60f3\u5230\u6587\u672c\u3001\u56fe\u7247\u3001\u89c6\u9891\u3001\u8bed\u97f3\u30013D \u6a21\u578b\u7b49\u5404\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5f62\u5f0f\u5404\u5f02\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u7531\u5404\u79cd\u57fa\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u6784\u6210\u3002

    \u57fa\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u662f CPU \u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u8fdb\u884c\u8fd0\u7b97\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u5728\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e2d\u76f4\u63a5\u88ab\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u62ec\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u79cd\u3002

    • \u6574\u6570\u7c7b\u578b byte\u3001short\u3001int\u3001long \u3002
    • \u6d6e\u70b9\u6570\u7c7b\u578b float\u3001double \uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8868\u793a\u5c0f\u6570\u3002
    • \u5b57\u7b26\u7c7b\u578b char \uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8868\u793a\u5404\u79cd\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u5b57\u6bcd\u3001\u6807\u70b9\u7b26\u53f7\u751a\u81f3\u8868\u60c5\u7b26\u53f7\u7b49\u3002
    • \u5e03\u5c14\u7c7b\u578b bool \uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8868\u793a\u201c\u662f\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u5426\u201d\u5224\u65ad\u3002

    \u57fa\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u4ee5\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e2d\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u4f4d\u5373\u4e3a \\(1\\) \u6bd4\u7279\u3002\u5728\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u73b0\u4ee3\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\\(1\\) \u5b57\u8282\uff08byte\uff09\u7531 \\(8\\) \u6bd4\u7279\uff08bit\uff09\u7ec4\u6210\u3002

    \u57fa\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u53d6\u503c\u8303\u56f4\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5176\u5360\u7528\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u5927\u5c0f\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u4ee5 Java \u4e3a\u4f8b\u3002

    • \u6574\u6570\u7c7b\u578b byte \u5360\u7528 \\(1\\) \u5b57\u8282 = \\(8\\) \u6bd4\u7279 \uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8868\u793a \\(2^{8}\\) \u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u3002
    • \u6574\u6570\u7c7b\u578b int \u5360\u7528 \\(4\\) \u5b57\u8282 = \\(32\\) \u6bd4\u7279 \uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8868\u793a \\(2^{32}\\) \u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u3002

    \u8868 3-1 \u5217\u4e3e\u4e86 Java \u4e2d\u5404\u79cd\u57fa\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5360\u7528\u7a7a\u95f4\u3001\u53d6\u503c\u8303\u56f4\u548c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u3002\u6b64\u8868\u683c\u65e0\u987b\u6b7b\u8bb0\u786c\u80cc\uff0c\u5927\u81f4\u7406\u89e3\u5373\u53ef\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u67e5\u8868\u6765\u56de\u5fc6\u3002

    \u8868 3-1 \u00a0 \u57fa\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5360\u7528\u7a7a\u95f4\u548c\u53d6\u503c\u8303\u56f4

    \u7c7b\u578b \u7b26\u53f7 \u5360\u7528\u7a7a\u95f4 \u6700\u5c0f\u503c \u6700\u5927\u503c \u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c \u6574\u6570 byte 1 \u5b57\u8282 \\(-2^7\\) (\\(-128\\)) \\(2^7 - 1\\) (\\(127\\)) \\(0\\) short 2 \u5b57\u8282 \\(-2^{15}\\) \\(2^{15} - 1\\) \\(0\\) int 4 \u5b57\u8282 \\(-2^{31}\\) \\(2^{31} - 1\\) \\(0\\) long 8 \u5b57\u8282 \\(-2^{63}\\) \\(2^{63} - 1\\) \\(0\\) \u6d6e\u70b9\u6570 float 4 \u5b57\u8282 \\(1.175 \\times 10^{-38}\\) \\(3.403 \\times 10^{38}\\) \\(0.0\\text{f}\\) double 8 \u5b57\u8282 \\(2.225 \\times 10^{-308}\\) \\(1.798 \\times 10^{308}\\) \\(0.0\\) \u5b57\u7b26 char 2 \u5b57\u8282 \\(0\\) \\(2^{16} - 1\\) \\(0\\) \u5e03\u5c14 bool 1 \u5b57\u8282 \\(\\text{false}\\) \\(\\text{true}\\) \\(\\text{false}\\)

    \u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u8868 3-1 \u9488\u5bf9\u7684\u662f Java \u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u6bcf\u79cd\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u90fd\u6709\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5360\u7528\u7a7a\u95f4\u3001\u53d6\u503c\u8303\u56f4\u548c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\u3002

    • \u5728 Python \u4e2d\uff0c\u6574\u6570\u7c7b\u578b int \u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4efb\u610f\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u53ea\u53d7\u9650\u4e8e\u53ef\u7528\u5185\u5b58\uff1b\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570 float \u662f\u53cc\u7cbe\u5ea6 64 \u4f4d\uff1b\u6ca1\u6709 char \u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u5355\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32 str \u3002
    • C \u548c C++ \u672a\u660e\u786e\u89c4\u5b9a\u57fa\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u800c\u56e0\u5b9e\u73b0\u548c\u5e73\u53f0\u5404\u5f02\u3002\u8868 3-1 \u9075\u5faa LP64 \u6570\u636e\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5176\u7528\u4e8e\u5305\u62ec Linux \u548c macOS \u5728\u5185\u7684 Unix 64 \u4f4d\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002
    • \u5b57\u7b26 char \u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u5728 C \u548c C++ \u4e2d\u4e3a 1 \u5b57\u8282\uff0c\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u7f16\u7801\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u8be6\u89c1\u201c\u5b57\u7b26\u7f16\u7801\u201d\u7ae0\u8282\u3002
    • \u5373\u4f7f\u8868\u793a\u5e03\u5c14\u91cf\u4ec5\u9700 1 \u4f4d\uff08\\(0\\) \u6216 \\(1\\)\uff09\uff0c\u5b83\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u901a\u5e38\u4e5f\u5b58\u50a8\u4e3a 1 \u5b57\u8282\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u73b0\u4ee3\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a CPU \u901a\u5e38\u5c06 1 \u5b57\u8282\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6700\u5c0f\u5bfb\u5740\u5185\u5b58\u5355\u5143\u3002

    \u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e4b\u95f4\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u8054\u7cfb\u5462\uff1f\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u662f\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e2d\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e0e\u5b58\u50a8\u6570\u636e\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u8fd9\u53e5\u8bdd\u7684\u4e3b\u8bed\u662f\u201c\u7ed3\u6784\u201d\u800c\u975e\u201c\u6570\u636e\u201d\u3002

    \u5982\u679c\u60f3\u8868\u793a\u201c\u4e00\u6392\u6570\u5b57\u201d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u81ea\u7136\u4f1a\u60f3\u5230\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u7ec4\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u7ebf\u6027\u7ed3\u6784\u53ef\u4ee5\u8868\u793a\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u76f8\u90bb\u5173\u7cfb\u548c\u987a\u5e8f\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4f46\u81f3\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u662f\u6574\u6570 int\u3001\u5c0f\u6570 float \u8fd8\u662f\u5b57\u7b26 char \uff0c\u5219\u4e0e\u201c\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u201d\u65e0\u5173\u3002

    \u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u7684\u201c\u5185\u5bb9\u7c7b\u578b\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u7684\u201c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u65b9\u5f0f\u201d\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7528\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff08\u6570\u7ec4\uff09\u6765\u5b58\u50a8\u4e0e\u8868\u793a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u5305\u62ec int\u3001float\u3001char\u3001bool \u7b49\u3002

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig 
    # \u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u79cd\u57fa\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u6765\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4\nnumbers: list[int] = [0] * 5\ndecimals: list[float] = [0.0] * 5\n# Python \u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\ncharacters: list[str] = ['0'] * 5\nbools: list[bool] = [False] * 5\n# Python \u7684\u5217\u8868\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u7531\u5b58\u50a8\u5404\u79cd\u57fa\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u5bf9\u8c61\u5f15\u7528\ndata = [0, 0.0, 'a', False, ListNode(0)]\n
    // \u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u79cd\u57fa\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u6765\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4\nint numbers[5];\nfloat decimals[5];\nchar characters[5];\nbool bools[5];\n
    // \u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u79cd\u57fa\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u6765\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4\nint[] numbers = new int[5];\nfloat[] decimals = new float[5];\nchar[] characters = new char[5];\nboolean[] bools = new boolean[5];\n
    // \u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u79cd\u57fa\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u6765\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4\nint[] numbers = new int[5];\nfloat[] decimals = new float[5];\nchar[] characters = new char[5];\nbool[] bools = new bool[5];\n
    // \u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u79cd\u57fa\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u6765\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4\nvar numbers = [5]int{}\nvar decimals = [5]float64{}\nvar characters = [5]byte{}\nvar bools = [5]bool{}\n
    // \u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u79cd\u57fa\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u6765\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4\nlet numbers = Array(repeating: Int(), count: 5)\nlet decimals = Array(repeating: Double(), count: 5)\nlet characters = Array(repeating: Character(\"a\"), count: 5)\nlet bools = Array(repeating: Bool(), count: 5)\n
    // JavaScript \u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u7531\u5b58\u50a8\u5404\u79cd\u57fa\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u5bf9\u8c61\nconst array = [0, 0.0, 'a', false];\n
    // \u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u79cd\u57fa\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u6765\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4\nconst numbers: number[] = [];\nconst characters: string[] = [];\nconst bools: boolean[] = [];\n
    // \u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u79cd\u57fa\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u6765\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4\nList<int> numbers = List.filled(5, 0);\nList<double> decimals = List.filled(5, 0.0);\nList<String> characters = List.filled(5, 'a');\nList<bool> bools = List.filled(5, false);\n
    // \u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u79cd\u57fa\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u6765\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4\nlet numbers: Vec<i32> = vec![0; 5];\nlet decimals: Vec<f32> = vec![0.0, 5];\nlet characters: Vec<char> = vec!['0'; 5];\nlet bools: Vec<bool> = vec![false; 5];\n
    // \u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u79cd\u57fa\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u6765\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4\nint numbers[10];\nfloat decimals[10];\nchar characters[10];\nbool bools[10];\n
    \n
    "},{"location":"chapter_data_structure/character_encoding/","title":"3.4 \u00a0 \u5b57\u7b26\u7f16\u7801 *","text":"

    \u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e2d\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u6570\u636e\u90fd\u662f\u4ee5\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\uff0c\u5b57\u7b26 char \u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f8b\u5916\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u8868\u793a\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u5957\u201c\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u201d\uff0c\u89c4\u5b9a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u548c\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e00\u4e00\u5bf9\u5e94\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u6709\u4e86\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u67e5\u8868\u5b8c\u6210\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\u5230\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_data_structure/character_encoding/#341-ascii","title":"3.4.1 \u00a0 ASCII \u5b57\u7b26\u96c6","text":"

    \u300cASCII \u7801\u300d\u662f\u6700\u65e9\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\uff0c\u5176\u5168\u79f0\u4e3a American Standard Code for Information Interchange\uff08\u7f8e\u56fd\u6807\u51c6\u4fe1\u606f\u4ea4\u6362\u4ee3\u7801\uff09\u3002\u5b83\u4f7f\u7528 7 \u4f4d\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\uff08\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u7684\u4f4e 7 \u4f4d\uff09\u8868\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u6700\u591a\u80fd\u591f\u8868\u793a 128 \u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u3002\u5982\u56fe 3-6 \u6240\u793a\uff0cASCII \u7801\u5305\u62ec\u82f1\u6587\u5b57\u6bcd\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u3001\u6570\u5b57 0 ~ 9\u3001\u4e00\u4e9b\u6807\u70b9\u7b26\u53f7\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e00\u4e9b\u63a7\u5236\u5b57\u7b26\uff08\u5982\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u548c\u5236\u8868\u7b26\uff09\u3002

    \u56fe 3-6 \u00a0 ASCII \u7801

    \u7136\u800c\uff0cASCII \u7801\u4ec5\u80fd\u591f\u8868\u793a\u82f1\u6587\u3002\u968f\u7740\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u5168\u7403\u5316\uff0c\u8bde\u751f\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u80fd\u591f\u8868\u793a\u66f4\u591a\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u300cEASCII\u300d\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u3002\u5b83\u5728 ASCII \u7684 7 \u4f4d\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u6269\u5c55\u5230 8 \u4f4d\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u8868\u793a 256 \u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u3002

    \u5728\u4e16\u754c\u8303\u56f4\u5185\uff0c\u9646\u7eed\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u6279\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u5730\u533a\u7684 EASCII \u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u7684\u524d 128 \u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u7edf\u4e00\u4e3a ASCII \u7801\uff0c\u540e 128 \u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4ee5\u9002\u5e94\u4e0d\u540c\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_data_structure/character_encoding/#342-gbk","title":"3.4.2 \u00a0 GBK \u5b57\u7b26\u96c6","text":"

    \u540e\u6765\u4eba\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\uff0cEASCII \u7801\u4ecd\u7136\u65e0\u6cd5\u6ee1\u8db3\u8bb8\u591a\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u6570\u91cf\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u6c49\u5b57\u6709\u8fd1\u5341\u4e07\u4e2a\uff0c\u5149\u65e5\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5c31\u6709\u51e0\u5343\u4e2a\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u56fd\u5bb6\u6807\u51c6\u603b\u5c40\u4e8e 1980 \u5e74\u53d1\u5e03\u4e86\u300cGB2312\u300d\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\uff0c\u5176\u6536\u5f55\u4e86 6763 \u4e2a\u6c49\u5b57\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e86\u6c49\u5b57\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5904\u7406\u9700\u8981\u3002

    \u7136\u800c\uff0cGB2312 \u65e0\u6cd5\u5904\u7406\u90e8\u5206\u7f55\u89c1\u5b57\u548c\u7e41\u4f53\u5b57\u3002\u300cGBK\u300d\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u662f\u5728 GB2312 \u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u6269\u5c55\u5f97\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u5171\u6536\u5f55\u4e86 21886 \u4e2a\u6c49\u5b57\u3002\u5728 GBK \u7684\u7f16\u7801\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\uff0cASCII \u5b57\u7b26\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u6c49\u5b57\u4f7f\u7528\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u8868\u793a\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_data_structure/character_encoding/#343-unicode","title":"3.4.3 \u00a0 Unicode \u5b57\u7b26\u96c6","text":"

    \u968f\u7740\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u6280\u672f\u7684\u84ec\u52c3\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u4e0e\u7f16\u7801\u6807\u51c6\u767e\u82b1\u9f50\u653e\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u4e00\u822c\u53ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u7279\u5b9a\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u5728\u591a\u8bed\u8a00\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u6b63\u5e38\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u540c\u4e00\u79cd\u8bed\u8a00\u5b58\u5728\u591a\u79cd\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e24\u53f0\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7f16\u7801\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u5219\u5728\u4fe1\u606f\u4f20\u9012\u65f6\u5c31\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u4e71\u7801\u3002

    \u90a3\u4e2a\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u5c31\u5728\u60f3\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u63a8\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u8db3\u591f\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\uff0c\u5c06\u4e16\u754c\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8bed\u8a00\u548c\u7b26\u53f7\u90fd\u6536\u5f55\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0d\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u51b3\u8de8\u8bed\u8a00\u73af\u5883\u548c\u4e71\u7801\u95ee\u9898\u4e86\u5417\uff1f\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60f3\u6cd5\u7684\u9a71\u52a8\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u800c\u5168\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6 Unicode \u5e94\u8fd0\u800c\u751f\u3002

    \u300cUnicode\u300d\u7684\u4e2d\u6587\u540d\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u7edf\u4e00\u7801\u201d\uff0c\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u80fd\u5bb9\u7eb3 100 \u591a\u4e07\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u3002\u5b83\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u5c06\u5168\u7403\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u7eb3\u5165\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u79cd\u901a\u7528\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u6765\u5904\u7406\u548c\u663e\u793a\u5404\u79cd\u8bed\u8a00\u6587\u5b57\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u56e0\u4e3a\u7f16\u7801\u6807\u51c6\u4e0d\u540c\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u4e71\u7801\u95ee\u9898\u3002

    \u81ea 1991 \u5e74\u53d1\u5e03\u4ee5\u6765\uff0cUnicode \u4e0d\u65ad\u6269\u5145\u65b0\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u4e0e\u5b57\u7b26\u3002\u622a\u81f3 2022 \u5e74 9 \u6708\uff0cUnicode \u5df2\u7ecf\u5305\u542b 149186 \u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5404\u79cd\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u3001\u7b26\u53f7\u751a\u81f3\u8868\u60c5\u7b26\u53f7\u7b49\u3002\u5728\u5e9e\u5927\u7684 Unicode \u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u5360\u7528 2 \u5b57\u8282\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u751f\u50fb\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u5360\u7528 3 \u5b57\u8282\u751a\u81f3 4 \u5b57\u8282\u3002

    Unicode \u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u901a\u7528\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\uff0c\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u7ed9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u5206\u914d\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f16\u53f7\uff08\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u7801\u70b9\u201d\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u89c4\u5b9a\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e2d\u5982\u4f55\u5b58\u50a8\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b57\u7b26\u7801\u70b9\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u7981\u4f1a\u95ee\uff1a\u5f53\u591a\u79cd\u957f\u5ea6\u7684 Unicode \u7801\u70b9\u540c\u65f6\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u672c\u4e2d\u65f6\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5982\u4f55\u89e3\u6790\u5b57\u7b26\uff1f\u4f8b\u5982\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 2 \u5b57\u8282\u7684\u7f16\u7801\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5982\u4f55\u786e\u8ba4\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a 2 \u5b57\u8282\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u8fd8\u662f\u4e24\u4e2a 1 \u5b57\u8282\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\uff1f

    \u5bf9\u4e8e\u4ee5\u4e0a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u662f\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u5b57\u7b26\u5b58\u50a8\u4e3a\u7b49\u957f\u7684\u7f16\u7801\u3002\u5982\u56fe 3-7 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u201cHello\u201d\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u5360\u7528 1 \u5b57\u8282\uff0c\u201c\u7b97\u6cd5\u201d\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u5360\u7528 2 \u5b57\u8282\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u9ad8\u4f4d\u586b 0 \u5c06\u201cHello \u7b97\u6cd5\u201d\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5b57\u7b26\u90fd\u7f16\u7801\u4e3a 2 \u5b57\u8282\u957f\u5ea6\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u6bcf\u9694 2 \u5b57\u8282\u89e3\u6790\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u77ed\u8bed\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u4e86\u3002

    \u56fe 3-7 \u00a0 Unicode \u7f16\u7801\u793a\u4f8b

    \u7136\u800c ASCII \u7801\u5df2\u7ecf\u5411\u6211\u4eec\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u7f16\u7801\u82f1\u6587\u53ea\u9700 1 \u5b57\u8282\u3002\u82e5\u91c7\u7528\u4e0a\u8ff0\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u82f1\u6587\u6587\u672c\u5360\u7528\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u5c06\u4f1a\u662f ASCII \u7f16\u7801\u4e0b\u7684\u4e24\u500d\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u6d6a\u8d39\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u79cd\u66f4\u52a0\u9ad8\u6548\u7684 Unicode \u7f16\u7801\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_data_structure/character_encoding/#344-utf-8","title":"3.4.4 \u00a0 UTF-8 \u7f16\u7801","text":"

    \u76ee\u524d\uff0cUTF-8 \u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u56fd\u9645\u4e0a\u4f7f\u7528\u6700\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684 Unicode \u7f16\u7801\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u53ef\u53d8\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u7f16\u7801\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 1 \u5230 4 \u5b57\u8282\u6765\u8868\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u800c\u53d8\u3002ASCII \u5b57\u7b26\u53ea\u9700 1 \u5b57\u8282\uff0c\u62c9\u4e01\u5b57\u6bcd\u548c\u5e0c\u814a\u5b57\u6bcd\u9700\u8981 2 \u5b57\u8282\uff0c\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u4e2d\u6587\u5b57\u7b26\u9700\u8981 3 \u5b57\u8282\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u751f\u50fb\u5b57\u7b26\u9700\u8981 4 \u5b57\u8282\u3002

    UTF-8 \u7684\u7f16\u7801\u89c4\u5219\u5e76\u4e0d\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u5206\u4e3a\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e24\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u3002

    • \u5bf9\u4e8e\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u5b57\u8282\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u5c06\u6700\u9ad8\u4f4d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a \\(0\\) \uff0c\u5176\u4f59 7 \u4f4d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a Unicode \u7801\u70b9\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0cASCII \u5b57\u7b26\u5728 Unicode \u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u4e2d\u5360\u636e\u4e86\u524d 128 \u4e2a\u7801\u70b9\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0cUTF-8 \u7f16\u7801\u53ef\u4ee5\u5411\u4e0b\u517c\u5bb9 ASCII \u7801\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 UTF-8 \u6765\u89e3\u6790\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e45\u8fdc\u7684 ASCII \u7801\u6587\u672c\u3002
    • \u5bf9\u4e8e\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(n\\) \u5b57\u8282\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\uff08\u5176\u4e2d \\(n > 1\\)\uff09\uff0c\u5c06\u9996\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u7684\u9ad8 \\(n\\) \u4f4d\u90fd\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a \\(1\\) \uff0c\u7b2c \\(n + 1\\) \u4f4d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a \\(0\\) \uff1b\u4ece\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5c06\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u7684\u9ad8 2 \u4f4d\u90fd\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a \\(10\\) \uff1b\u5176\u4f59\u6240\u6709\u4f4d\u7528\u4e8e\u586b\u5145\u5b57\u7b26\u7684 Unicode \u7801\u70b9\u3002

    \u56fe 3-8 \u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u201cHello\u7b97\u6cd5\u201d\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684 UTF-8 \u7f16\u7801\u3002\u89c2\u5bdf\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u6700\u9ad8 \\(n\\) \u4f4d\u90fd\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a \\(1\\) \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8bfb\u53d6\u6700\u9ad8\u4f4d \\(1\\) \u7684\u4e2a\u6570\u6765\u89e3\u6790\u51fa\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(n\\) \u3002

    \u4f46\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u5c06\u5176\u4f59\u6240\u6709\u5b57\u8282\u7684\u9ad8 2 \u4f4d\u90fd\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a \\(10\\) \u5462\uff1f\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a \\(10\\) \u80fd\u591f\u8d77\u5230\u6821\u9a8c\u7b26\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u7cfb\u7edf\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u5b57\u8282\u5f00\u59cb\u89e3\u6790\u6587\u672c\uff0c\u5b57\u8282\u5934\u90e8\u7684 \\(10\\) \u80fd\u591f\u5e2e\u52a9\u7cfb\u7edf\u5feb\u901f\u5224\u65ad\u51fa\u5f02\u5e38\u3002

    \u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u5c06 \\(10\\) \u5f53\u4f5c\u6821\u9a8c\u7b26\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728 UTF-8 \u7f16\u7801\u89c4\u5219\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u4e24\u4f4d\u662f \\(10\\) \u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ed3\u8bba\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u53cd\u8bc1\u6cd5\u6765\u8bc1\u660e\uff1a\u5047\u8bbe\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u4e24\u4f4d\u662f \\(10\\) \uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u8be5\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(1\\) \uff0c\u5bf9\u5e94 ASCII \u7801\u3002\u800c ASCII \u7801\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u4f4d\u5e94\u8be5\u662f \\(0\\) \uff0c\u4e0e\u5047\u8bbe\u77db\u76fe\u3002

    \u56fe 3-8 \u00a0 UTF-8 \u7f16\u7801\u793a\u4f8b

    \u9664\u4e86 UTF-8 \u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u7f16\u7801\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fd8\u5305\u62ec\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e24\u79cd\u3002

    • UTF-16 \u7f16\u7801\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528 2 \u6216 4 \u5b57\u8282\u6765\u8868\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u3002\u6240\u6709\u7684 ASCII \u5b57\u7b26\u548c\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u975e\u82f1\u6587\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u90fd\u7528 2 \u5b57\u8282\u8868\u793a\uff1b\u5c11\u6570\u5b57\u7b26\u9700\u8981\u7528\u5230 4 \u5b57\u8282\u8868\u793a\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e 2 \u5b57\u8282\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\uff0cUTF-16 \u7f16\u7801\u4e0e Unicode \u7801\u70b9\u76f8\u7b49\u3002
    • UTF-32 \u7f16\u7801\uff1a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u90fd\u4f7f\u7528 4 \u5b57\u8282\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740 UTF-32 \u6bd4 UTF-8 \u548c UTF-16 \u66f4\u5360\u7528\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8e ASCII \u5b57\u7b26\u5360\u6bd4\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u6587\u672c\u3002

    \u4ece\u5b58\u50a8\u7a7a\u95f4\u5360\u7528\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 UTF-8 \u8868\u793a\u82f1\u6587\u5b57\u7b26\u975e\u5e38\u9ad8\u6548\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4ec5\u9700 1 \u5b57\u8282\uff1b\u4f7f\u7528 UTF-16 \u7f16\u7801\u67d0\u4e9b\u975e\u82f1\u6587\u5b57\u7b26\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u4e2d\u6587\uff09\u4f1a\u66f4\u52a0\u9ad8\u6548\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4ec5\u9700 2 \u5b57\u8282\uff0c\u800c UTF-8 \u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981 3 \u5b57\u8282\u3002

    \u4ece\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0cUTF-8 \u7684\u901a\u7528\u6027\u6700\u4f73\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u5e93\u4f18\u5148\u652f\u6301 UTF-8 \u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_data_structure/character_encoding/#345","title":"3.4.5 \u00a0 \u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u7f16\u7801","text":"

    \u5bf9\u4e8e\u4ee5\u5f80\u7684\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u4e2d\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u90fd\u91c7\u7528 UTF-16 \u6216 UTF-32 \u8fd9\u7c7b\u7b49\u957f\u7f16\u7801\u3002\u5728\u7b49\u957f\u7f16\u7801\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u770b\u4f5c\u6570\u7ec4\u6765\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u505a\u6cd5\u5177\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4f18\u70b9\u3002

    • \u968f\u673a\u8bbf\u95ee\uff1aUTF-16 \u7f16\u7801\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u968f\u673a\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002UTF-8 \u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u53d8\u957f\u7f16\u7801\uff0c\u8981\u60f3\u627e\u5230\u7b2c \\(i\\) \u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u4ece\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u5f00\u59cb\u5904\u904d\u5386\u5230\u7b2c \\(i\\) \u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u8fd9\u9700\u8981 \\(O(n)\\) \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u3002
    • \u5b57\u7b26\u8ba1\u6570\uff1a\u4e0e\u968f\u673a\u8bbf\u95ee\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97 UTF-16 \u7f16\u7801\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e5f\u662f \\(O(1)\\) \u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97 UTF-8 \u7f16\u7801\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u9700\u8981\u904d\u5386\u6574\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002
    • \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a\u5728 UTF-16 \u7f16\u7801\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e0a\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u64cd\u4f5c\uff08\u5982\u5206\u5272\u3001\u8fde\u63a5\u3001\u63d2\u5165\u3001\u5220\u9664\u7b49\uff09\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u8fdb\u884c\u3002\u5728 UTF-8 \u7f16\u7801\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u989d\u5916\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u65e0\u6548\u7684 UTF-8 \u7f16\u7801\u3002

    \u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u7f16\u7801\u65b9\u6848\u8bbe\u8ba1\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u8bdd\u9898\uff0c\u6d89\u53ca\u8bb8\u591a\u56e0\u7d20\u3002

    • Java \u7684 String \u7c7b\u578b\u4f7f\u7528 UTF-16 \u7f16\u7801\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u5360\u7528 2 \u5b57\u8282\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a Java \u8bed\u8a00\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e4b\u521d\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a 16 \u4f4d\u8db3\u4ee5\u8868\u793a\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u5224\u65ad\u3002\u540e\u6765 Unicode \u89c4\u8303\u6269\u5c55\u5230\u4e86\u8d85\u8fc7 16 \u4f4d\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5 Java \u4e2d\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u73b0\u5728\u53ef\u80fd\u7531\u4e00\u5bf9 16 \u4f4d\u7684\u503c\uff08\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u4ee3\u7406\u5bf9\u201d\uff09\u8868\u793a\u3002
    • JavaScript \u548c TypeScript \u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4f7f\u7528 UTF-16 \u7f16\u7801\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u4e0e Java \u7c7b\u4f3c\u3002\u5f53 1995 \u5e74 Netscape \u516c\u53f8\u9996\u6b21\u63a8\u51fa JavaScript \u8bed\u8a00\u65f6\uff0cUnicode \u8fd8\u5904\u4e8e\u53d1\u5c55\u65e9\u671f\uff0c\u90a3\u65f6\u5019\u4f7f\u7528 16 \u4f4d\u7684\u7f16\u7801\u5c31\u8db3\u4ee5\u8868\u793a\u6240\u6709\u7684 Unicode \u5b57\u7b26\u4e86\u3002
    • C# \u4f7f\u7528 UTF-16 \u7f16\u7801\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a .NET \u5e73\u53f0\u662f\u7531 Microsoft \u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\uff0c\u800c Microsoft \u7684\u5f88\u591a\u6280\u672f\uff08\u5305\u62ec Windows \u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\uff09\u90fd\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4f7f\u7528 UTF-16 \u7f16\u7801\u3002

    \u7531\u4e8e\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u5bf9\u5b57\u7b26\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u4f4e\u4f30\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u91c7\u53d6\u201c\u4ee3\u7406\u5bf9\u201d\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u8868\u793a\u8d85\u8fc7 16 \u4f4d\u957f\u5ea6\u7684 Unicode \u5b57\u7b26\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u5f97\u5df2\u4e3a\u4e4b\u7684\u65e0\u5948\u4e4b\u4e3e\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u4ee3\u7406\u5bf9\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u53ef\u80fd\u5360\u7528 2 \u5b57\u8282\u6216 4 \u5b57\u8282\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4e27\u5931\u4e86\u7b49\u957f\u7f16\u7801\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5904\u7406\u4ee3\u7406\u5bf9\u9700\u8981\u589e\u52a0\u989d\u5916\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u8fd9\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u548c\u8c03\u8bd5\u96be\u5ea6\u3002

    \u51fa\u4e8e\u4ee5\u4e0a\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7f16\u7801\u65b9\u6848\u3002

    • Python \u4e2d\u7684 str \u4f7f\u7528 Unicode \u7f16\u7801\uff0c\u5e76\u91c7\u7528\u4e00\u79cd\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u957f\u5ea6\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\u6700\u5927\u7684 Unicode \u7801\u70b9\u3002\u82e5\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\u5168\u90e8\u662f ASCII \u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u5360\u7528 1 \u5b57\u8282\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u6709\u5b57\u7b26\u8d85\u51fa\u4e86 ASCII \u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u4f46\u5168\u90e8\u5728\u57fa\u672c\u591a\u8bed\u8a00\u5e73\u9762\uff08BMP\uff09\u5185\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u5360\u7528 2 \u5b57\u8282\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u6709\u8d85\u51fa BMP \u7684\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u5360\u7528 4 \u5b57\u8282\u3002
    • Go \u8bed\u8a00\u7684 string \u7c7b\u578b\u5728\u5185\u90e8\u4f7f\u7528 UTF-8 \u7f16\u7801\u3002Go \u8bed\u8a00\u8fd8\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86 rune \u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u5b83\u7528\u4e8e\u8868\u793a\u5355\u4e2a Unicode \u7801\u70b9\u3002
    • Rust \u8bed\u8a00\u7684 str \u548c String \u7c7b\u578b\u5728\u5185\u90e8\u4f7f\u7528 UTF-8 \u7f16\u7801\u3002Rust \u4e5f\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86 char \u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8868\u793a\u5355\u4e2a Unicode \u7801\u70b9\u3002

    \u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0a\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u90fd\u662f\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5728\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd9\u548c\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5b58\u50a8\u6216\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u4f20\u8f93\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u5b58\u50a8\u6216\u7f51\u7edc\u4f20\u8f93\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u5c06\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7f16\u7801\u4e3a UTF-8 \u683c\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ee5\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u4f18\u7684\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u6548\u7387\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_data_structure/classification_of_data_structure/","title":"3.1 \u00a0 \u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u5206\u7c7b","text":"

    \u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u5305\u62ec\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u94fe\u8868\u3001\u6808\u3001\u961f\u5217\u3001\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u3001\u6811\u3001\u5806\u3001\u56fe\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u201c\u903b\u8f91\u7ed3\u6784\u201d\u548c\u201c\u7269\u7406\u7ed3\u6784\u201d\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ef4\u5ea6\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u7c7b\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_data_structure/classification_of_data_structure/#311","title":"3.1.1 \u00a0 \u903b\u8f91\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a\u7ebf\u6027\u4e0e\u975e\u7ebf\u6027","text":"

    \u903b\u8f91\u7ed3\u6784\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u5143\u7d20\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u6309\u7167\u4e00\u5b9a\u987a\u5e8f\u6392\u5217\uff0c\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7ebf\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\uff1b\u800c\u5728\u6811\u4e2d\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u4ece\u9876\u90e8\u5411\u4e0b\u6309\u5c42\u6b21\u6392\u5217\uff0c\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u201c\u7956\u5148\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u540e\u4ee3\u201d\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6d3e\u751f\u5173\u7cfb\uff1b\u56fe\u5219\u7531\u8282\u70b9\u548c\u8fb9\u6784\u6210\uff0c\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u5173\u7cfb\u3002

    \u5982\u56fe 3-1 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u903b\u8f91\u7ed3\u6784\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u201c\u7ebf\u6027\u201d\u548c\u201c\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u201d\u4e24\u5927\u7c7b\u3002\u7ebf\u6027\u7ed3\u6784\u6bd4\u8f83\u76f4\u89c2\uff0c\u6307\u6570\u636e\u5728\u903b\u8f91\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0a\u5448\u7ebf\u6027\u6392\u5217\uff1b\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u7ed3\u6784\u5219\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5448\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u6392\u5217\u3002

    • \u7ebf\u6027\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u94fe\u8868\u3001\u6808\u3001\u961f\u5217\u3001\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u3002
    • \u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a\u6811\u3001\u5806\u3001\u56fe\u3001\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u3002

    \u56fe 3-1 \u00a0 \u7ebf\u6027\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784

    \u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u6811\u5f62\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u7f51\u72b6\u7ed3\u6784\u3002

    • \u7ebf\u6027\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u94fe\u8868\u3001\u961f\u5217\u3001\u6808\u3001\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u4e4b\u95f4\u662f\u4e00\u5bf9\u4e00\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u5173\u7cfb\u3002
    • \u6811\u5f62\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a\u6811\u3001\u5806\u3001\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u4e4b\u95f4\u662f\u4e00\u5bf9\u591a\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002
    • \u7f51\u72b6\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a\u56fe\uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u4e4b\u95f4\u662f\u591a\u5bf9\u591a\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_data_structure/classification_of_data_structure/#312","title":"3.1.2 \u00a0 \u7269\u7406\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a\u8fde\u7eed\u4e0e\u5206\u6563","text":"

    \u5f53\u7b97\u6cd5\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u6b63\u5728\u5904\u7406\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4e3b\u8981\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u3002\u56fe 3-2 \u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5185\u5b58\u6761\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e2a\u9ed1\u8272\u65b9\u5757\u90fd\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u5757\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u5185\u5b58\u60f3\u8c61\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5de8\u5927\u7684 Excel \u8868\u683c\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5355\u5143\u683c\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b58\u50a8\u4e00\u5b9a\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002

    \u7cfb\u7edf\u901a\u8fc7\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\u6765\u8bbf\u95ee\u76ee\u6807\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5982\u56fe 3-2 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u6839\u636e\u7279\u5b9a\u89c4\u5219\u4e3a\u8868\u683c\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5355\u5143\u683c\u5206\u914d\u7f16\u53f7\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u90fd\u6709\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\u3002\u6709\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4fbf\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbf\u95ee\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002

    \u56fe 3-2 \u00a0 \u5185\u5b58\u6761\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740

    Tip

    \u503c\u5f97\u8bf4\u660e\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5c06\u5185\u5b58\u6bd4\u4f5c Excel \u8868\u683c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5316\u7684\u7c7b\u6bd4\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u673a\u5236\u6bd4\u8f83\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u6d89\u53ca\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u7f13\u5b58\u673a\u5236\u3001\u865a\u62df\u5185\u5b58\u548c\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u7b49\u6982\u5ff5\u3002

    \u5185\u5b58\u662f\u6240\u6709\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u5171\u4eab\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u5f53\u67d0\u5757\u5185\u5b58\u88ab\u67d0\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5360\u7528\u65f6\uff0c\u5219\u65e0\u6cd5\u88ab\u5176\u4ed6\u7a0b\u5e8f\u540c\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e2d\uff0c\u5185\u5b58\u8d44\u6e90\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8003\u8651\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u6240\u5360\u7528\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5cf0\u503c\u4e0d\u5e94\u8d85\u8fc7\u7cfb\u7edf\u5269\u4f59\u7a7a\u95f2\u5185\u5b58\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u7f3a\u5c11\u8fde\u7eed\u5927\u5757\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6240\u9009\u7528\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u5fc5\u987b\u80fd\u591f\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u5206\u6563\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u5185\u3002

    \u5982\u56fe 3-3 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u7269\u7406\u7ed3\u6784\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u8fde\u7eed\u7a7a\u95f4\u5b58\u50a8\uff08\u6570\u7ec4\uff09\u548c\u5206\u6563\u7a7a\u95f4\u5b58\u50a8\uff08\u94fe\u8868\uff09\u3002\u7269\u7406\u7ed3\u6784\u4ece\u5e95\u5c42\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u3001\u66f4\u65b0\u3001\u589e\u5220\u7b49\u64cd\u4f5c\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e24\u79cd\u7269\u7406\u7ed3\u6784\u5728\u65f6\u95f4\u6548\u7387\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u6548\u7387\u65b9\u9762\u5448\u73b0\u51fa\u4e92\u8865\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u3002

    \u56fe 3-3 \u00a0 \u8fde\u7eed\u7a7a\u95f4\u5b58\u50a8\u4e0e\u5206\u6563\u7a7a\u95f4\u5b58\u50a8

    \u503c\u5f97\u8bf4\u660e\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u90fd\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u94fe\u8868\u6216\u4e8c\u8005\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6808\u548c\u961f\u5217\u65e2\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\uff1b\u800c\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u53ef\u80fd\u540c\u65f6\u5305\u542b\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u94fe\u8868\u3002

    • \u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u53ef\u5b9e\u73b0\uff1a\u6808\u3001\u961f\u5217\u3001\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u3001\u6811\u3001\u5806\u3001\u56fe\u3001\u77e9\u9635\u3001\u5f20\u91cf\uff08\u7ef4\u5ea6 \\(\\geq 3\\) \u7684\u6570\u7ec4\uff09\u7b49\u3002
    • \u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u53ef\u5b9e\u73b0\uff1a\u6808\u3001\u961f\u5217\u3001\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u3001\u6811\u3001\u5806\u3001\u56fe\u7b49\u3002

    \u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e5f\u79f0\u201c\u9759\u6001\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6b64\u7c7b\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u5728\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u540e\u957f\u5ea6\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u3002\u76f8\u5bf9\u5e94\u5730\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e5f\u79f0\u201c\u52a8\u6001\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u7c7b\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u5728\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u540e\uff0c\u4ecd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5bf9\u5176\u957f\u5ea6\u8fdb\u884c\u8c03\u6574\u3002

    Tip

    \u5982\u679c\u4f60\u611f\u89c9\u7269\u7406\u7ed3\u6784\u7406\u89e3\u8d77\u6765\u6709\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u5148\u9605\u8bfb\u4e0b\u4e00\u7ae0\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u518d\u56de\u987e\u672c\u8282\u5185\u5bb9\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_data_structure/number_encoding/","title":"3.3 \u00a0 \u6570\u5b57\u7f16\u7801 *","text":"

    Note

    \u5728\u672c\u4e66\u4e2d\uff0c\u6807\u9898\u5e26\u6709 * \u7b26\u53f7\u7684\u662f\u9009\u8bfb\u7ae0\u8282\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u65f6\u95f4\u6709\u9650\u6216\u611f\u5230\u7406\u89e3\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5148\u8df3\u8fc7\uff0c\u7b49\u5b66\u5b8c\u5fc5\u8bfb\u7ae0\u8282\u540e\u518d\u5355\u72ec\u653b\u514b\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_data_structure/number_encoding/#331","title":"3.3.1 \u00a0 \u539f\u7801\u3001\u53cd\u7801\u548c\u8865\u7801","text":"

    \u5728\u4e0a\u4e00\u8282\u7684\u8868\u683c\u4e2d\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u6574\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u80fd\u591f\u8868\u793a\u7684\u8d1f\u6570\u90fd\u6bd4\u6b63\u6570\u591a\u4e00\u4e2a\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 byte \u7684\u53d6\u503c\u8303\u56f4\u662f \\([-128, 127]\\) \u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u73b0\u8c61\u6bd4\u8f83\u53cd\u76f4\u89c9\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u5185\u5728\u539f\u56e0\u6d89\u53ca\u539f\u7801\u3001\u53cd\u7801\u3001\u8865\u7801\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002

    \u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u6570\u5b57\u662f\u4ee5\u201c\u8865\u7801\u201d\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e2d\u7684\u3002\u5728\u5206\u6790\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e09\u8005\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002

    • \u539f\u7801\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u8868\u793a\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u4f4d\u89c6\u4e3a\u7b26\u53f7\u4f4d\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d \\(0\\) \u8868\u793a\u6b63\u6570\uff0c\\(1\\) \u8868\u793a\u8d1f\u6570\uff0c\u5176\u4f59\u4f4d\u8868\u793a\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u503c\u3002
    • \u53cd\u7801\uff1a\u6b63\u6570\u7684\u53cd\u7801\u4e0e\u5176\u539f\u7801\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u8d1f\u6570\u7684\u53cd\u7801\u662f\u5bf9\u5176\u539f\u7801\u9664\u7b26\u53f7\u4f4d\u5916\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4f4d\u53d6\u53cd\u3002
    • \u8865\u7801\uff1a\u6b63\u6570\u7684\u8865\u7801\u4e0e\u5176\u539f\u7801\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u8d1f\u6570\u7684\u8865\u7801\u662f\u5728\u5176\u53cd\u7801\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u52a0 \\(1\\) \u3002

    \u56fe 3-4 \u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u539f\u7801\u3001\u53cd\u7801\u548c\u8865\u7801\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002

    \u56fe 3-4 \u00a0 \u539f\u7801\u3001\u53cd\u7801\u4e0e\u8865\u7801\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u8f6c\u6362

    \u300c\u539f\u7801 sign-magnitude\u300d\u867d\u7136\u6700\u76f4\u89c2\uff0c\u4f46\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u5c40\u9650\u6027\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u8d1f\u6570\u7684\u539f\u7801\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u7528\u4e8e\u8fd0\u7b97\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u539f\u7801\u4e0b\u8ba1\u7b97 \\(1 + (-2)\\) \uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u662f \\(-3\\) \uff0c\u8fd9\u663e\u7136\u662f\u4e0d\u5bf9\u7684\u3002

    \\[ \\begin{aligned} & 1 + (-2) \\newline & \\rightarrow 0000 \\; 0001 + 1000 \\; 0010 \\newline & = 1000 \\; 0011 \\newline & \\rightarrow -3 \\end{aligned} \\]

    \u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u6b64\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u300c\u53cd\u7801 1's complement\u300d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u5148\u5c06\u539f\u7801\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u53cd\u7801\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u53cd\u7801\u4e0b\u8ba1\u7b97 \\(1 + (-2)\\) \uff0c\u6700\u540e\u5c06\u7ed3\u679c\u4ece\u53cd\u7801\u8f6c\u6362\u56de\u539f\u7801\uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u5f97\u5230\u6b63\u786e\u7ed3\u679c \\(-1\\) \u3002

    \\[ \\begin{aligned} & 1 + (-2) \\newline & \\rightarrow 0000 \\; 0001 \\; \\text{(\u539f\u7801)} + 1000 \\; 0010 \\; \\text{(\u539f\u7801)} \\newline & = 0000 \\; 0001 \\; \\text{(\u53cd\u7801)} + 1111 \\; 1101 \\; \\text{(\u53cd\u7801)} \\newline & = 1111 \\; 1110 \\; \\text{(\u53cd\u7801)} \\newline & = 1000 \\; 0001 \\; \\text{(\u539f\u7801)} \\newline & \\rightarrow -1 \\end{aligned} \\]

    \u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6570\u5b57\u96f6\u7684\u539f\u7801\u6709 \\(+0\\) \u548c \\(-0\\) \u4e24\u79cd\u8868\u793a\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6570\u5b57\u96f6\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u7f16\u7801\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5e26\u6765\u6b67\u4e49\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u5728\u6761\u4ef6\u5224\u65ad\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u533a\u5206\u6b63\u96f6\u548c\u8d1f\u96f6\uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5224\u65ad\u7ed3\u679c\u51fa\u9519\u3002\u800c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u5904\u7406\u6b63\u96f6\u548c\u8d1f\u96f6\u6b67\u4e49\uff0c\u5219\u9700\u8981\u5f15\u5165\u989d\u5916\u7684\u5224\u65ad\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u964d\u4f4e\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u8fd0\u7b97\u6548\u7387\u3002

    \\[ \\begin{aligned} +0 & \\rightarrow 0000 \\; 0000 \\newline -0 & \\rightarrow 1000 \\; 0000 \\end{aligned} \\]

    \u4e0e\u539f\u7801\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u53cd\u7801\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u6b63\u8d1f\u96f6\u6b67\u4e49\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u300c\u8865\u7801 2's complement\u300d\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5148\u6765\u89c2\u5bdf\u4e00\u4e0b\u8d1f\u96f6\u7684\u539f\u7801\u3001\u53cd\u7801\u3001\u8865\u7801\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff1a

    \\[ \\begin{aligned} -0 \\rightarrow \\; & 1000 \\; 0000 \\; \\text{(\u539f\u7801)} \\newline = \\; & 1111 \\; 1111 \\; \\text{(\u53cd\u7801)} \\newline = 1 \\; & 0000 \\; 0000 \\; \\text{(\u8865\u7801)} \\newline \\end{aligned} \\]

    \u5728\u8d1f\u96f6\u7684\u53cd\u7801\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u52a0 \\(1\\) \u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u8fdb\u4f4d\uff0c\u4f46 byte \u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u53ea\u6709 8 \u4f4d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6ea2\u51fa\u5230\u7b2c 9 \u4f4d\u7684 \\(1\\) \u4f1a\u88ab\u820d\u5f03\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u8d1f\u96f6\u7684\u8865\u7801\u4e3a \\(0000 \\; 0000\\) \uff0c\u4e0e\u6b63\u96f6\u7684\u8865\u7801\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5728\u8865\u7801\u8868\u793a\u4e2d\u53ea\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u96f6\uff0c\u6b63\u8d1f\u96f6\u6b67\u4e49\u4ece\u800c\u5f97\u5230\u89e3\u51b3\u3002

    \u8fd8\u5269\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u7591\u60d1\uff1abyte \u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u53d6\u503c\u8303\u56f4\u662f \\([-128, 127]\\) \uff0c\u591a\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d1f\u6570 \\(-128\\) \u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u5462\uff1f\u6211\u4eec\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\uff0c\u533a\u95f4 \\([-127, +127]\\) \u5185\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6574\u6570\u90fd\u6709\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u539f\u7801\u3001\u53cd\u7801\u548c\u8865\u7801\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u539f\u7801\u548c\u8865\u7801\u4e4b\u95f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e92\u76f8\u8f6c\u6362\u3002

    \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8865\u7801 \\(1000 \\; 0000\\) \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5916\uff0c\u5b83\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u539f\u7801\u3002\u6839\u636e\u8f6c\u6362\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5f97\u5230\u8be5\u8865\u7801\u7684\u539f\u7801\u4e3a \\(0000 \\; 0000\\) \u3002\u8fd9\u663e\u7136\u662f\u77db\u76fe\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8be5\u539f\u7801\u8868\u793a\u6570\u5b57 \\(0\\) \uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u8865\u7801\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u81ea\u8eab\u3002\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u89c4\u5b9a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u8865\u7801 \\(1000 \\; 0000\\) \u4ee3\u8868 \\(-128\\) \u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\\((-1) + (-127)\\) \u5728\u8865\u7801\u4e0b\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u7ed3\u679c\u5c31\u662f \\(-128\\) \u3002

    \\[ \\begin{aligned} & (-127) + (-1) \\newline & \\rightarrow 1111 \\; 1111 \\; \\text{(\u539f\u7801)} + 1000 \\; 0001 \\; \\text{(\u539f\u7801)} \\newline & = 1000 \\; 0000 \\; \\text{(\u53cd\u7801)} + 1111 \\; 1110 \\; \\text{(\u53cd\u7801)} \\newline & = 1000 \\; 0001 \\; \\text{(\u8865\u7801)} + 1111 \\; 1111 \\; \\text{(\u8865\u7801)} \\newline & = 1000 \\; 0000 \\; \\text{(\u8865\u7801)} \\newline & \\rightarrow -128 \\end{aligned} \\]

    \u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\uff0c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6240\u6709\u8ba1\u7b97\u90fd\u662f\u52a0\u6cd5\u8fd0\u7b97\u3002\u8fd9\u6697\u793a\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff1a\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u786c\u4ef6\u7535\u8def\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u52a0\u6cd5\u8fd0\u7b97\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u52a0\u6cd5\u8fd0\u7b97\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u8fd0\u7b97\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u4e58\u6cd5\u3001\u9664\u6cd5\u548c\u51cf\u6cd5\uff09\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u786c\u4ef6\u5b9e\u73b0\u8d77\u6765\u66f4\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u8fdb\u884c\u5e76\u884c\u5316\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u8fd0\u7b97\u901f\u5ea6\u66f4\u5feb\u3002

    \u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u53ea\u80fd\u505a\u52a0\u6cd5\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u52a0\u6cd5\u4e0e\u4e00\u4e9b\u57fa\u672c\u903b\u8f91\u8fd0\u7b97\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u80fd\u591f\u5b9e\u73b0\u5404\u79cd\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u8fd0\u7b97\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u51cf\u6cd5 \\(a - b\\) \u53ef\u4ee5\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u8ba1\u7b97\u52a0\u6cd5 \\(a + (-b)\\) \uff1b\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e58\u6cd5\u548c\u9664\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u8ba1\u7b97\u591a\u6b21\u52a0\u6cd5\u6216\u51cf\u6cd5\u3002

    \u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u603b\u7ed3\u51fa\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4f7f\u7528\u8865\u7801\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff1a\u57fa\u4e8e\u8865\u7801\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u540c\u6837\u7684\u7535\u8def\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u6765\u5904\u7406\u6b63\u6570\u548c\u8d1f\u6570\u7684\u52a0\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u786c\u4ef6\u7535\u8def\u6765\u5904\u7406\u51cf\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u65e0\u987b\u7279\u522b\u5904\u7406\u6b63\u8d1f\u96f6\u7684\u6b67\u4e49\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u8fd9\u5927\u5927\u7b80\u5316\u4e86\u786c\u4ef6\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u8fd0\u7b97\u6548\u7387\u3002

    \u8865\u7801\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u975e\u5e38\u7cbe\u5999\uff0c\u56e0\u7bc7\u5e45\u5173\u7cfb\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u5148\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5230\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u6709\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u8bfb\u8005\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6df1\u5165\u4e86\u89e3\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_data_structure/number_encoding/#332","title":"3.3.2 \u00a0 \u6d6e\u70b9\u6570\u7f16\u7801","text":"

    \u7ec6\u5fc3\u7684\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\uff1aint \u548c float \u957f\u5ea6\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u90fd\u662f 4 \u5b57\u8282 \uff0c\u4f46\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48 float \u7684\u53d6\u503c\u8303\u56f4\u8fdc\u5927\u4e8e int \uff1f\u8fd9\u975e\u5e38\u53cd\u76f4\u89c9\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6309\u7406\u8bf4 float \u9700\u8981\u8868\u793a\u5c0f\u6570\uff0c\u53d6\u503c\u8303\u56f4\u5e94\u8be5\u53d8\u5c0f\u624d\u5bf9\u3002

    \u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570 float \u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8868\u793a\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u8bb0\u4e00\u4e2a 32 \u4f4d\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\u4e3a\uff1a

    \\[ b_{31} b_{30} b_{29} \\ldots b_2 b_1 b_0 \\]

    \u6839\u636e IEEE 754 \u6807\u51c6\uff0c32-bit \u957f\u5ea6\u7684 float \u7531\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e09\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\u6784\u6210\u3002

    • \u7b26\u53f7\u4f4d \\(\\mathrm{S}\\) \uff1a\u5360 1 \u4f4d \uff0c\u5bf9\u5e94 \\(b_{31}\\) \u3002
    • \u6307\u6570\u4f4d \\(\\mathrm{E}\\) \uff1a\u5360 8 \u4f4d \uff0c\u5bf9\u5e94 \\(b_{30} b_{29} \\ldots b_{23}\\) \u3002
    • \u5206\u6570\u4f4d \\(\\mathrm{N}\\) \uff1a\u5360 23 \u4f4d \uff0c\u5bf9\u5e94 \\(b_{22} b_{21} \\ldots b_0\\) \u3002

    \u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6570 float \u5bf9\u5e94\u503c\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e3a\uff1a

    \\[ \\text {val} = (-1)^{b_{31}} \\times 2^{\\left(b_{30} b_{29} \\ldots b_{23}\\right)_2-127} \\times\\left(1 . b_{22} b_{21} \\ldots b_0\\right)_2 \\]

    \u8f6c\u5316\u5230\u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u4e0b\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u516c\u5f0f\u4e3a\uff1a

    \\[ \\text {val}=(-1)^{\\mathrm{S}} \\times 2^{\\mathrm{E} -127} \\times (1 + \\mathrm{N}) \\]

    \u5176\u4e2d\u5404\u9879\u7684\u53d6\u503c\u8303\u56f4\u4e3a\uff1a

    \\[ \\begin{aligned} \\mathrm{S} \\in & \\{ 0, 1\\}, \\quad \\mathrm{E} \\in \\{ 1, 2, \\dots, 254 \\} \\newline (1 + \\mathrm{N}) = & (1 + \\sum_{i=1}^{23} b_{23-i} 2^{-i}) \\subset [1, 2 - 2^{-23}] \\end{aligned} \\]

    \u56fe 3-5 \u00a0 IEEE 754 \u6807\u51c6\u4e0b\u7684 float \u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u793a\u4f8b

    \u89c2\u5bdf\u56fe 3-5 \uff0c\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u6570\u636e \\(\\mathrm{S} = 0\\) \uff0c \\(\\mathrm{E} = 124\\) \uff0c\\(\\mathrm{N} = 2^{-2} + 2^{-3} = 0.375\\) \uff0c\u5219\u6709\uff1a

    \\[ \\text { val } = (-1)^0 \\times 2^{124 - 127} \\times (1 + 0.375) = 0.171875 \\]

    \u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u56de\u7b54\u6700\u521d\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff1afloat \u7684\u8868\u793a\u65b9\u5f0f\u5305\u542b\u6307\u6570\u4f4d\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u5176\u53d6\u503c\u8303\u56f4\u8fdc\u5927\u4e8e int \u3002\u6839\u636e\u4ee5\u4e0a\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0cfloat \u53ef\u8868\u793a\u7684\u6700\u5927\u6b63\u6570\u4e3a \\(2^{254 - 127} \\times (2 - 2^{-23}) \\approx 3.4 \\times 10^{38}\\) \uff0c\u5207\u6362\u7b26\u53f7\u4f4d\u4fbf\u53ef\u5f97\u5230\u6700\u5c0f\u8d1f\u6570\u3002

    \u5c3d\u7ba1\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570 float \u6269\u5c55\u4e86\u53d6\u503c\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u727a\u7272\u4e86\u7cbe\u5ea6\u3002\u6574\u6570\u7c7b\u578b int \u5c06\u5168\u90e8 32 \u4f4d\u7528\u4e8e\u8868\u793a\u6570\u5b57\uff0c\u6570\u5b57\u662f\u5747\u5300\u5206\u5e03\u7684\uff1b\u800c\u7531\u4e8e\u6307\u6570\u4f4d\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570 float \u7684\u6570\u503c\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u76f8\u90bb\u4e24\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u503c\u5c31\u4f1a\u8d8b\u5411\u8d8a\u5927\u3002

    \u5982\u8868 3-2 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u6307\u6570\u4f4d \\(E = 0\\) \u548c \\(E = 255\\) \u5177\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u542b\u4e49\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8868\u793a\u96f6\u3001\u65e0\u7a77\u5927\u3001\\(\\mathrm{NaN}\\) \u7b49\u3002

    \u8868 3-2 \u00a0 \u6307\u6570\u4f4d\u542b\u4e49

    \u6307\u6570\u4f4d E \u5206\u6570\u4f4d \\(\\mathrm{N} = 0\\) \u5206\u6570\u4f4d \\(\\mathrm{N} \\ne 0\\) \u8ba1\u7b97\u516c\u5f0f \\(0\\) \\(\\pm 0\\) \u6b21\u6b63\u89c4\u6570 \\((-1)^{\\mathrm{S}} \\times 2^{-126} \\times (0.\\mathrm{N})\\) \\(1, 2, \\dots, 254\\) \u6b63\u89c4\u6570 \u6b63\u89c4\u6570 \\((-1)^{\\mathrm{S}} \\times 2^{(\\mathrm{E} -127)} \\times (1.\\mathrm{N})\\) \\(255\\) \\(\\pm \\infty\\) \\(\\mathrm{NaN}\\)

    \u503c\u5f97\u8bf4\u660e\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6b21\u6b63\u89c4\u6570\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u5347\u4e86\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570\u7684\u7cbe\u5ea6\u3002\u6700\u5c0f\u6b63\u6b63\u89c4\u6570\u4e3a \\(2^{-126}\\) \uff0c\u6700\u5c0f\u6b63\u6b21\u6b63\u89c4\u6570\u4e3a \\(2^{-126} \\times 2^{-23}\\) \u3002

    \u53cc\u7cbe\u5ea6 double \u4e5f\u91c7\u7528\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e float \u7684\u8868\u793a\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u4e0d\u505a\u8d58\u8ff0\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_data_structure/summary/","title":"3.5 \u00a0 \u5c0f\u7ed3","text":""},{"location":"chapter_data_structure/summary/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u91cd\u70b9\u56de\u987e","text":"
    • \u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u903b\u8f91\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u7269\u7406\u7ed3\u6784\u4e24\u4e2a\u89d2\u5ea6\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u7c7b\u3002\u903b\u8f91\u7ed3\u6784\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u5143\u7d20\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u800c\u7269\u7406\u7ed3\u6784\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002
    • \u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u7ed3\u6784\u5305\u62ec\u7ebf\u6027\u3001\u6811\u72b6\u548c\u7f51\u72b6\u7b49\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u6211\u4eec\u6839\u636e\u903b\u8f91\u7ed3\u6784\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u5206\u4e3a\u7ebf\u6027\uff08\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u94fe\u8868\u3001\u6808\u3001\u961f\u5217\uff09\u548c\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\uff08\u6811\u3001\u56fe\u3001\u5806\uff09\u4e24\u79cd\u3002\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u53ef\u80fd\u540c\u65f6\u5305\u542b\u7ebf\u6027\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u3002
    • \u5f53\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u88ab\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u90fd\u62e5\u6709\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\u8bbf\u95ee\u6570\u636e\u3002
    • \u7269\u7406\u7ed3\u6784\u4e3b\u8981\u5206\u4e3a\u8fde\u7eed\u7a7a\u95f4\u5b58\u50a8\uff08\u6570\u7ec4\uff09\u548c\u5206\u6563\u7a7a\u95f4\u5b58\u50a8\uff08\u94fe\u8868\uff09\u3002\u6240\u6709\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u90fd\u662f\u7531\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u94fe\u8868\u6216\u4e24\u8005\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u3002
    • \u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e2d\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u5305\u62ec\u6574\u6570 byte\u3001short\u3001int\u3001long \uff0c\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570 float\u3001double \uff0c\u5b57\u7b26 char \u548c\u5e03\u5c14 boolean \u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u53d6\u503c\u8303\u56f4\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5360\u7528\u7a7a\u95f4\u5927\u5c0f\u548c\u8868\u793a\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002
    • \u539f\u7801\u3001\u53cd\u7801\u548c\u8865\u7801\u662f\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e2d\u7f16\u7801\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u4e09\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f8\u4e92\u8f6c\u6362\u3002\u6574\u6570\u7684\u539f\u7801\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u4f4d\u662f\u7b26\u53f7\u4f4d\uff0c\u5176\u4f59\u4f4d\u662f\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u503c\u3002
    • \u6574\u6570\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e2d\u662f\u4ee5\u8865\u7801\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u3002\u5728\u8865\u7801\u8868\u793a\u4e0b\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u6b63\u6570\u548c\u8d1f\u6570\u7684\u52a0\u6cd5\u4e00\u89c6\u540c\u4ec1\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4e3a\u51cf\u6cd5\u64cd\u4f5c\u5355\u72ec\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u786c\u4ef6\u7535\u8def\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u6b63\u8d1f\u96f6\u6b67\u4e49\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002
    • \u6d6e\u70b9\u6570\u7684\u7f16\u7801\u7531 1 \u4f4d\u7b26\u53f7\u4f4d\u30018 \u4f4d\u6307\u6570\u4f4d\u548c 23 \u4f4d\u5206\u6570\u4f4d\u6784\u6210\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5b58\u5728\u6307\u6570\u4f4d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570\u7684\u53d6\u503c\u8303\u56f4\u8fdc\u5927\u4e8e\u6574\u6570\uff0c\u4ee3\u4ef7\u662f\u727a\u7272\u4e86\u7cbe\u5ea6\u3002
    • ASCII \u7801\u662f\u6700\u65e9\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u82f1\u6587\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\uff0c\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u5b57\u8282\uff0c\u5171\u6536\u5f55 127 \u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u3002GBK \u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u662f\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u4e2d\u6587\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\uff0c\u5171\u6536\u5f55\u4e24\u4e07\u591a\u4e2a\u6c49\u5b57\u3002Unicode \u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u6536\u5f55\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u5404\u79cd\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u89e3\u51b3\u7531\u4e8e\u5b57\u7b26\u7f16\u7801\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u4e71\u7801\u95ee\u9898\u3002
    • UTF-8 \u662f\u6700\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\u7684 Unicode \u7f16\u7801\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u901a\u7528\u6027\u975e\u5e38\u597d\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u53d8\u957f\u7684\u7f16\u7801\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u6027\uff0c\u6709\u6548\u63d0\u5347\u4e86\u5b58\u50a8\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u6548\u7387\u3002UTF-16 \u548c UTF-32 \u662f\u7b49\u957f\u7684\u7f16\u7801\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5728\u7f16\u7801\u4e2d\u6587\u65f6\uff0cUTF-16 \u5360\u7528\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u6bd4 UTF-8 \u66f4\u5c0f\u3002Java \u548c C# \u7b49\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4f7f\u7528 UTF-16 \u7f16\u7801\u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_data_structure/summary/#2-q-a","title":"2. \u00a0 Q & A","text":"

    \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u540c\u65f6\u5305\u542b\u7ebf\u6027\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff1f

    \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5e95\u5c42\u662f\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u800c\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u201c\u94fe\u5f0f\u5730\u5740\u201d\uff08\u540e\u7eed\u201c\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\u201d\u7ae0\u8282\u4f1a\u8bb2\uff09\uff1a\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6876\u6307\u5411\u4e00\u4e2a\u94fe\u8868\uff0c\u5f53\u94fe\u8868\u957f\u5ea6\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e00\u5b9a\u9608\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u53c8\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u6811\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u4e3a\u7ea2\u9ed1\u6811\uff09\u3002 \u4ece\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u7684\u5e95\u5c42\u662f\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u6876\u69fd\u4f4d\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2a\u503c\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2a\u94fe\u8868\u6216\u4e00\u68f5\u6811\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u53ef\u80fd\u540c\u65f6\u5305\u542b\u7ebf\u6027\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff08\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u94fe\u8868\uff09\u548c\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff08\u6811\uff09\u3002

    char \u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u662f 1 \u5b57\u8282\u5417\uff1f

    char \u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u7531\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u7f16\u7801\u65b9\u6cd5\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cJava\u3001JavaScript\u3001TypeScript\u3001C# \u90fd\u91c7\u7528 UTF-16 \u7f16\u7801\uff08\u4fdd\u5b58 Unicode \u7801\u70b9\uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64 char \u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 2 \u5b57\u8282\u3002

    \u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e5f\u79f0\u201c\u9759\u6001\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u201d \u662f\u5426\u6709\u6b67\u4e49\uff1f\u6808\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u51fa\u6808\u548c\u5165\u6808\u7b49\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\u90fd\u662f\u201c\u52a8\u6001\u201d\u7684\u3002

    \u6808\u786e\u5b9e\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u52a8\u6001\u7684\u6570\u636e\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f46\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u201c\u9759\u6001\u201d\uff08\u957f\u5ea6\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\uff09\u7684\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u53ef\u4ee5\u52a8\u6001\u5730\u6dfb\u52a0\u6216\u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf\u662f\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u8d85\u51fa\u4e86\u9884\u5206\u914d\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u65e7\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u590d\u5236\u5230\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u3002

    \u5728\u6784\u5efa\u6808\uff08\u961f\u5217\uff09\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u672a\u6307\u5b9a\u5b83\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u201c\u9759\u6001\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u201d\u5462\uff1f

    \u5728\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u987b\u4eba\u5de5\u6307\u5b9a\u6808\uff08\u961f\u5217\uff09\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5de5\u4f5c\u7531\u7c7b\u5185\u90e8\u81ea\u52a8\u5b8c\u6210\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cJava \u7684 ArrayList \u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5bb9\u91cf\u901a\u5e38\u4e3a 10\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u6269\u5bb9\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e5f\u662f\u81ea\u52a8\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u3002\u8be6\u89c1\u540e\u7eed\u7684\u201c\u5217\u8868\u201d\u7ae0\u8282\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_divide_and_conquer/","title":"\u7b2c 12 \u7ae0 \u00a0 \u5206\u6cbb","text":"

    Abstract

    \u96be\u9898\u88ab\u9010\u5c42\u62c6\u89e3\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u7684\u62c6\u89e3\u90fd\u4f7f\u5b83\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u4e3a\u7b80\u5355\u3002

    \u5206\u800c\u6cbb\u4e4b\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff1a\u4ece\u7b80\u5355\u505a\u8d77\uff0c\u4e00\u5207\u90fd\u4e0d\u518d\u590d\u6742\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_divide_and_conquer/#_1","title":"\u672c\u7ae0\u5185\u5bb9","text":"
    • 12.1 \u00a0 \u5206\u6cbb\u7b97\u6cd5
    • 12.2 \u00a0 \u5206\u6cbb\u641c\u7d22\u7b56\u7565
    • 12.3 \u00a0 \u6784\u5efa\u6811\u95ee\u9898
    • 12.4 \u00a0 \u6c49\u8bfa\u5854\u95ee\u9898
    • 12.5 \u00a0 \u5c0f\u7ed3
    "},{"location":"chapter_divide_and_conquer/binary_search_recur/","title":"12.2 \u00a0 \u5206\u6cbb\u641c\u7d22\u7b56\u7565","text":"

    \u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b66\u8fc7\uff0c\u641c\u7d22\u7b97\u6cd5\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u5927\u7c7b\u3002

    • \u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22\uff1a\u5b83\u901a\u8fc7\u904d\u5386\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n)\\) \u3002
    • \u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u641c\u7d22\uff1a\u5b83\u5229\u7528\u7279\u6709\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5f62\u5f0f\u6216\u5148\u9a8c\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u53ef\u8fbe\u5230 \\(O(\\log n)\\) \u751a\u81f3 \\(O(1)\\) \u3002

    \u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(\\log n)\\) \u7684\u641c\u7d22\u7b97\u6cd5\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u5206\u6cbb\u7b56\u7565\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u548c\u6811\u3002

    • \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b65\u90fd\u5c06\u95ee\u9898\uff08\u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u641c\u7d22\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff09\u5206\u89e3\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u95ee\u9898\uff08\u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u4e00\u534a\u4e2d\u641c\u7d22\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e00\u76f4\u6301\u7eed\u5230\u6570\u7ec4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u6216\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\u4e3a\u6b62\u3002
    • \u6811\u662f\u5206\u6cbb\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\uff0c\u5728\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u3001AVL \u6811\u3001\u5806\u7b49\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\uff0c\u5404\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7686\u4e3a \\(O(\\log n)\\) \u3002

    \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u7684\u5206\u6cbb\u7b56\u7565\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\u3002

    • \u95ee\u9898\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u89e3\uff1a\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u9012\u5f52\u5730\u5c06\u539f\u95ee\u9898\uff08\u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u67e5\u627e\uff09\u5206\u89e3\u4e3a\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff08\u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u4e00\u534a\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u67e5\u627e\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e2d\u95f4\u5143\u7d20\u548c\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u3002
    • \u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\uff1a\u5728\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u8f6e\u53ea\u5904\u7406\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u53d7\u5176\u4ed6\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002
    • \u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u65e0\u987b\u5408\u5e76\uff1a\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u65e8\u5728\u67e5\u627e\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u8fdb\u884c\u5408\u5e76\u3002\u5f53\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u5f97\u5230\u89e3\u51b3\u65f6\uff0c\u539f\u95ee\u9898\u4e5f\u4f1a\u540c\u65f6\u5f97\u5230\u89e3\u51b3\u3002

    \u5206\u6cbb\u80fd\u591f\u63d0\u5347\u641c\u7d22\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22\u6bcf\u8f6e\u53ea\u80fd\u6392\u9664\u4e00\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u800c\u5206\u6cbb\u641c\u7d22\u6bcf\u8f6e\u53ef\u4ee5\u6392\u9664\u4e00\u534a\u9009\u9879\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_divide_and_conquer/binary_search_recur/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u57fa\u4e8e\u5206\u6cbb\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e","text":"

    \u5728\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u7ae0\u8282\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u9012\u63a8\uff08\u8fed\u4ee3\uff09\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u57fa\u4e8e\u5206\u6cbb\uff08\u9012\u5f52\uff09\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u5b83\u3002

    Question

    \u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(n\\) \u7684\u6709\u5e8f\u6570\u7ec4 nums \uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u7684\uff0c\u8bf7\u67e5\u627e\u5143\u7d20 target \u3002

    \u4ece\u5206\u6cbb\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u641c\u7d22\u533a\u95f4 \\([i, j]\\) \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u8bb0\u4e3a \\(f(i, j)\\) \u3002

    \u4ee5\u539f\u95ee\u9898 \\(f(0, n-1)\\) \u4e3a\u8d77\u59cb\u70b9\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6b65\u9aa4\u8fdb\u884c\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u3002

    1. \u8ba1\u7b97\u641c\u7d22\u533a\u95f4 \\([i, j]\\) \u7684\u4e2d\u70b9 \\(m\\) \uff0c\u6839\u636e\u5b83\u6392\u9664\u4e00\u534a\u641c\u7d22\u533a\u95f4\u3002
    2. \u9012\u5f52\u6c42\u89e3\u89c4\u6a21\u51cf\u5c0f\u4e00\u534a\u7684\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4e3a \\(f(i, m-1)\\) \u6216 \\(f(m+1, j)\\) \u3002
    3. \u5faa\u73af\u7b2c 1. \u6b65\u548c\u7b2c 2. \u6b65\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u627e\u5230 target \u6216\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u8fd4\u56de\u3002

    \u56fe 12-4 \u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u5143\u7d20 \\(6\\) \u7684\u5206\u6cbb\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002

    \u56fe 12-4 \u00a0 \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u7684\u5206\u6cbb\u8fc7\u7a0b

    \u5728\u5b9e\u73b0\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u58f0\u660e\u4e00\u4e2a\u9012\u5f52\u51fd\u6570 dfs() \u6765\u6c42\u89e3\u95ee\u9898 \\(f(i, j)\\) \uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig binary_search_recur.py
    def dfs(nums: list[int], target: int, i: int, j: int) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff1a\u95ee\u9898 f(i, j)\"\"\"\n    # \u82e5\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u65e0\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de -1\n    if i > j:\n        return -1\n    # \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\n    m = (i + j) // 2\n    if nums[m] < target:\n        # \u9012\u5f52\u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(m+1, j)\n        return dfs(nums, target, m + 1, j)\n    elif nums[m] > target:\n        # \u9012\u5f52\u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(i, m-1)\n        return dfs(nums, target, i, m - 1)\n    else:\n        # \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u7d22\u5f15\n        return m\n\ndef binary_search(nums: list[int], target: int) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\"\"\"\n    n = len(nums)\n    # \u6c42\u89e3\u95ee\u9898 f(0, n-1)\n    return dfs(nums, target, 0, n - 1)\n
    binary_search_recur.cpp
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff1a\u95ee\u9898 f(i, j) */\nint dfs(vector<int> &nums, int target, int i, int j) {\n    // \u82e5\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u65e0\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de -1\n    if (i > j) {\n        return -1;\n    }\n    // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\n    int m = (i + j) / 2;\n    if (nums[m] < target) {\n        // \u9012\u5f52\u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(m+1, j)\n        return dfs(nums, target, m + 1, j);\n    } else if (nums[m] > target) {\n        // \u9012\u5f52\u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(i, m-1)\n        return dfs(nums, target, i, m - 1);\n    } else {\n        // \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u7d22\u5f15\n        return m;\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e */\nint binarySearch(vector<int> &nums, int target) {\n    int n = nums.size();\n    // \u6c42\u89e3\u95ee\u9898 f(0, n-1)\n    return dfs(nums, target, 0, n - 1);\n}\n
    binary_search_recur.java
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff1a\u95ee\u9898 f(i, j) */\nint dfs(int[] nums, int target, int i, int j) {\n    // \u82e5\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u65e0\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de -1\n    if (i > j) {\n        return -1;\n    }\n    // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\n    int m = (i + j) / 2;\n    if (nums[m] < target) {\n        // \u9012\u5f52\u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(m+1, j)\n        return dfs(nums, target, m + 1, j);\n    } else if (nums[m] > target) {\n        // \u9012\u5f52\u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(i, m-1)\n        return dfs(nums, target, i, m - 1);\n    } else {\n        // \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u7d22\u5f15\n        return m;\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e */\nint binarySearch(int[] nums, int target) {\n    int n = nums.length;\n    // \u6c42\u89e3\u95ee\u9898 f(0, n-1)\n    return dfs(nums, target, 0, n - 1);\n}\n
    binary_search_recur.cs
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff1a\u95ee\u9898 f(i, j) */\nint DFS(int[] nums, int target, int i, int j) {\n    // \u82e5\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u65e0\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de -1\n    if (i > j) {\n        return -1;\n    }\n    // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\n    int m = (i + j) / 2;\n    if (nums[m] < target) {\n        // \u9012\u5f52\u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(m+1, j)\n        return DFS(nums, target, m + 1, j);\n    } else if (nums[m] > target) {\n        // \u9012\u5f52\u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(i, m-1)\n        return DFS(nums, target, i, m - 1);\n    } else {\n        // \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u7d22\u5f15\n        return m;\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e */\nint BinarySearch(int[] nums, int target) {\n    int n = nums.Length;\n    // \u6c42\u89e3\u95ee\u9898 f(0, n-1)\n    return DFS(nums, target, 0, n - 1);\n}\n
    binary_search_recur.go
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff1a\u95ee\u9898 f(i, j) */\nfunc dfs(nums []int, target, i, j int) int {\n    // \u5982\u679c\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u6ca1\u6709\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de -1\n    if i > j {\n        return -1\n    }\n    //    \u8ba1\u7b97\u7d22\u5f15\u4e2d\u70b9\n    m := i + ((j - i) >> 1)\n    //\u5224\u65ad\u4e2d\u70b9\u4e0e\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\u5927\u5c0f\n    if nums[m] < target {\n        // \u5c0f\u4e8e\u5219\u9012\u5f52\u53f3\u534a\u6570\u7ec4\n        // \u9012\u5f52\u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(m+1, j)\n        return dfs(nums, target, m+1, j)\n    } else if nums[m] > target {\n        // \u5c0f\u4e8e\u5219\u9012\u5f52\u5de6\u534a\u6570\u7ec4\n        // \u9012\u5f52\u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(i, m-1)\n        return dfs(nums, target, i, m-1)\n    } else {\n        // \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u7d22\u5f15\n        return m\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e */\nfunc binarySearch(nums []int, target int) int {\n    n := len(nums)\n    return dfs(nums, target, 0, n-1)\n}\n
    binary_search_recur.swift
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff1a\u95ee\u9898 f(i, j) */\nfunc dfs(nums: [Int], target: Int, i: Int, j: Int) -> Int {\n    // \u82e5\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u65e0\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de -1\n    if i > j {\n        return -1\n    }\n    // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\n    let m = (i + j) / 2\n    if nums[m] < target {\n        // \u9012\u5f52\u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(m+1, j)\n        return dfs(nums: nums, target: target, i: m + 1, j: j)\n    } else if nums[m] > target {\n        // \u9012\u5f52\u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(i, m-1)\n        return dfs(nums: nums, target: target, i: i, j: m - 1)\n    } else {\n        // \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u7d22\u5f15\n        return m\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e */\nfunc binarySearch(nums: [Int], target: Int) -> Int {\n    let n = nums.count\n    // \u6c42\u89e3\u95ee\u9898 f(0, n-1)\n    return dfs(nums: nums, target: target, i: 0, j: n - 1)\n}\n
    binary_search_recur.js
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff1a\u95ee\u9898 f(i, j) */\nfunction dfs(nums, target, i, j) {\n    // \u82e5\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u65e0\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de -1\n    if (i > j) {\n        return -1;\n    }\n    // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\n    const m = i + ((j - i) >> 1);\n    if (nums[m] < target) {\n        // \u9012\u5f52\u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(m+1, j)\n        return dfs(nums, target, m + 1, j);\n    } else if (nums[m] > target) {\n        // \u9012\u5f52\u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(i, m-1)\n        return dfs(nums, target, i, m - 1);\n    } else {\n        // \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u7d22\u5f15\n        return m;\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e */\nfunction binarySearch(nums, target) {\n    const n = nums.length;\n    // \u6c42\u89e3\u95ee\u9898 f(0, n-1)\n    return dfs(nums, target, 0, n - 1);\n}\n
    binary_search_recur.ts
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff1a\u95ee\u9898 f(i, j) */\nfunction dfs(nums: number[], target: number, i: number, j: number): number {\n    // \u82e5\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u65e0\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de -1\n    if (i > j) {\n        return -1;\n    }\n    // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\n    const m = i + ((j - i) >> 1);\n    if (nums[m] < target) {\n        // \u9012\u5f52\u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(m+1, j)\n        return dfs(nums, target, m + 1, j);\n    } else if (nums[m] > target) {\n        // \u9012\u5f52\u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(i, m-1)\n        return dfs(nums, target, i, m - 1);\n    } else {\n        // \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u7d22\u5f15\n        return m;\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e */\nfunction binarySearch(nums: number[], target: number): number {\n    const n = nums.length;\n    // \u6c42\u89e3\u95ee\u9898 f(0, n-1)\n    return dfs(nums, target, 0, n - 1);\n}\n
    binary_search_recur.dart
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff1a\u95ee\u9898 f(i, j) */\nint dfs(List<int> nums, int target, int i, int j) {\n  // \u82e5\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u65e0\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de -1\n  if (i > j) {\n    return -1;\n  }\n  // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\n  int m = (i + j) ~/ 2;\n  if (nums[m] < target) {\n    // \u9012\u5f52\u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(m+1, j)\n    return dfs(nums, target, m + 1, j);\n  } else if (nums[m] > target) {\n    // \u9012\u5f52\u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(i, m-1)\n    return dfs(nums, target, i, m - 1);\n  } else {\n    // \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u7d22\u5f15\n    return m;\n  }\n}\n\n/* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e */\nint binarySearch(List<int> nums, int target) {\n  int n = nums.length;\n  // \u6c42\u89e3\u95ee\u9898 f(0, n-1)\n  return dfs(nums, target, 0, n - 1);\n}\n
    binary_search_recur.rs
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff1a\u95ee\u9898 f(i, j) */\nfn dfs(nums: &[i32], target: i32, i: i32, j: i32) -> i32 {\n    // \u82e5\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u65e0\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de -1\n    if i > j { return -1; }\n    let m: i32 = (i + j) / 2;\n    if nums[m as usize] < target {\n        // \u9012\u5f52\u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(m+1, j)\n        return dfs(nums, target, m + 1, j);\n    } else if nums[m as usize] > target {\n        // \u9012\u5f52\u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(i, m-1)\n        return dfs(nums, target, i, m - 1);\n    } else {\n        // \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u7d22\u5f15\n        return m;\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e */\nfn binary_search(nums: &[i32], target: i32) -> i32 {\n    let n = nums.len() as i32;\n    // \u6c42\u89e3\u95ee\u9898 f(0, n-1)\n    dfs(nums, target, 0, n - 1)\n}\n
    binary_search_recur.c
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff1a\u95ee\u9898 f(i, j) */\nint dfs(int nums[], int target, int i, int j) {\n    // \u82e5\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u65e0\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de -1\n    if (i > j) {\n        return -1;\n    }\n    // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\n    int m = (i + j) / 2;\n    if (nums[m] < target) {\n        // \u9012\u5f52\u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(m+1, j)\n        return dfs(nums, target, m + 1, j);\n    } else if (nums[m] > target) {\n        // \u9012\u5f52\u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(i, m-1)\n        return dfs(nums, target, i, m - 1);\n    } else {\n        // \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u7d22\u5f15\n        return m;\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e */\nint binarySearch(int nums[], int target, int numsSize) {\n    int n = numsSize;\n    // \u6c42\u89e3\u95ee\u9898 f(0, n-1)\n    return dfs(nums, target, 0, n - 1);\n}\n
    binary_search_recur.zig
    [class]{}-[func]{dfs}\n\n[class]{}-[func]{binarySearch}\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_divide_and_conquer/build_binary_tree_problem/","title":"12.3 \u00a0 \u6784\u5efa\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u95ee\u9898","text":"

    Question

    \u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u68f5\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 preorder \u548c\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 inorder \uff0c\u8bf7\u4ece\u4e2d\u6784\u5efa\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u503c\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u3002

    \u56fe 12-5 \u00a0 \u6784\u5efa\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u6570\u636e

    "},{"location":"chapter_divide_and_conquer/build_binary_tree_problem/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u5206\u6cbb\u95ee\u9898","text":"

    \u539f\u95ee\u9898\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u4ece preorder \u548c inorder \u6784\u5efa\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5178\u578b\u7684\u5206\u6cbb\u95ee\u9898\u3002

    • \u95ee\u9898\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u89e3\uff1a\u4ece\u5206\u6cbb\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u5207\u5165\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u539f\u95ee\u9898\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u6784\u5efa\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u3001\u6784\u5efa\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0a\u4e00\u6b65\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u3002\u800c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6bcf\u68f5\u5b50\u6811\uff08\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff09\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u590d\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5212\u5206\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u66f4\u5c0f\u7684\u5b50\u6811\uff08\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff09\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff08\u7a7a\u5b50\u6811\uff09\u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\u3002
    • \u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\uff1a\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u662f\u76f8\u4e92\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u6ca1\u6709\u4ea4\u96c6\u3002\u5728\u6784\u5efa\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u9700\u5173\u6ce8\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u548c\u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u4e2d\u4e0e\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u540c\u7406\u3002
    • \u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u53ef\u4ee5\u5408\u5e76\uff1a\u4e00\u65e6\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\uff08\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\uff09\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u94fe\u63a5\u5230\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e0a\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u539f\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_divide_and_conquer/build_binary_tree_problem/#2","title":"2. \u00a0 \u5982\u4f55\u5212\u5206\u5b50\u6811","text":"

    \u6839\u636e\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u8fd9\u9053\u9898\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5206\u6cbb\u6765\u6c42\u89e3\uff0c\u4f46\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u8fc7\u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 preorder \u548c\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 inorder \u6765\u5212\u5206\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u5462\uff1f

    \u6839\u636e\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0cpreorder \u548c inorder \u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\u3002

    • \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a[ \u6839\u8282\u70b9 | \u5de6\u5b50\u6811 | \u53f3\u5b50\u6811 ] \uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u56fe 12-5 \u7684\u6811\u5bf9\u5e94 [ 3 | 9 | 2 1 7 ] \u3002
    • \u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a[ \u5de6\u5b50\u6811 | \u6839\u8282\u70b9 \uff5c \u53f3\u5b50\u6811 ] \uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u56fe 12-5 \u7684\u6811\u5bf9\u5e94 [ 9 | 3 | 1 2 7 ] \u3002

    \u4ee5\u4e0a\u56fe\u6570\u636e\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u56fe 12-6 \u6240\u793a\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\u5f97\u5230\u5212\u5206\u7ed3\u679c\u3002

    1. \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u7684\u9996\u5143\u7d20 3 \u662f\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u503c\u3002
    2. \u67e5\u627e\u6839\u8282\u70b9 3 \u5728 inorder \u4e2d\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u8be5\u7d22\u5f15\u53ef\u5c06 inorder \u5212\u5206\u4e3a [ 9 | 3 \uff5c 1 2 7 ] \u3002
    3. \u6839\u636e inorder \u7684\u5212\u5206\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u6613\u5f97\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf\u5206\u522b\u4e3a 1 \u548c 3 \uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u53ef\u5c06 preorder \u5212\u5206\u4e3a [ 3 | 9 | 2 1 7 ] \u3002

    \u56fe 12-6 \u00a0 \u5728\u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u548c\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u4e2d\u5212\u5206\u5b50\u6811

    "},{"location":"chapter_divide_and_conquer/build_binary_tree_problem/#3","title":"3. \u00a0 \u57fa\u4e8e\u53d8\u91cf\u63cf\u8ff0\u5b50\u6811\u533a\u95f4","text":"

    \u6839\u636e\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5212\u5206\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f97\u5230\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u3001\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u3001\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u5728 preorder \u548c inorder \u4e2d\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u533a\u95f4\u3002\u800c\u4e3a\u4e86\u63cf\u8ff0\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7d22\u5f15\u533a\u95f4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u501f\u52a9\u51e0\u4e2a\u6307\u9488\u53d8\u91cf\u3002

    • \u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u5728 preorder \u4e2d\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u8bb0\u4e3a \\(i\\) \u3002
    • \u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u5728 inorder \u4e2d\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u8bb0\u4e3a \\(m\\) \u3002
    • \u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u6811\u5728 inorder \u4e2d\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u533a\u95f4\u8bb0\u4e3a \\([l, r]\\) \u3002

    \u5982\u8868 12-1 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0a\u53d8\u91cf\u5373\u53ef\u8868\u793a\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u5728 preorder \u4e2d\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b50\u6811\u5728 inorder \u4e2d\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u533a\u95f4\u3002

    \u8868 12-1 \u00a0 \u6839\u8282\u70b9\u548c\u5b50\u6811\u5728\u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u548c\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u4e2d\u7684\u7d22\u5f15

    \u6839\u8282\u70b9\u5728 preorder \u4e2d\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 \u5b50\u6811\u5728 inorder \u4e2d\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u533a\u95f4 \u5f53\u524d\u6811 \\(i\\) \\([l, r]\\) \u5de6\u5b50\u6811 \\(i + 1\\) \\([l, m-1]\\) \u53f3\u5b50\u6811 \\(i + 1 + (m - l)\\) \\([m+1, r]\\)

    \u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\u4e2d\u7684 \\((m-l)\\) \u7684\u542b\u4e49\u662f\u201c\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf\u201d\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u7ed3\u5408\u56fe 12-7 \u7406\u89e3\u3002

    \u56fe 12-7 \u00a0 \u6839\u8282\u70b9\u548c\u5de6\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u533a\u95f4\u8868\u793a

    "},{"location":"chapter_divide_and_conquer/build_binary_tree_problem/#4","title":"4. \u00a0 \u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0","text":"

    \u4e3a\u4e86\u63d0\u5347\u67e5\u8be2 \\(m\\) \u7684\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u501f\u52a9\u4e00\u4e2a\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 hmap \u6765\u5b58\u50a8\u6570\u7ec4 inorder \u4e2d\u5143\u7d20\u5230\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u6620\u5c04\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig build_tree.py
    def dfs(\n    preorder: list[int],\n    inorder_map: dict[int, int],\n    i: int,\n    l: int,\n    r: int,\n) -> TreeNode | None:\n    \"\"\"\u6784\u5efa\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff1a\u5206\u6cbb\"\"\"\n    # \u5b50\u6811\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\n    if r - l < 0:\n        return None\n    # \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    root = TreeNode(preorder[i])\n    # \u67e5\u8be2 m \uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5212\u5206\u5de6\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\n    m = inorder_map[preorder[i]]\n    # \u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u6784\u5efa\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\n    root.left = dfs(preorder, inorder_map, i + 1, l, m - 1)\n    # \u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u6784\u5efa\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\n    root.right = dfs(preorder, inorder_map, i + 1 + m - l, m + 1, r)\n    # \u8fd4\u56de\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    return root\n\ndef build_tree(preorder: list[int], inorder: list[int]) -> TreeNode | None:\n    \"\"\"\u6784\u5efa\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\"\"\"\n    # \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u5b58\u50a8 inorder \u5143\u7d20\u5230\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u6620\u5c04\n    inorder_map = {val: i for i, val in enumerate(inorder)}\n    root = dfs(preorder, inorder_map, 0, 0, len(inorder) - 1)\n    return root\n
    build_tree.cpp
    /* \u6784\u5efa\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff1a\u5206\u6cbb */\nTreeNode *dfs(vector<int> &preorder, unordered_map<int, int> &inorderMap, int i, int l, int r) {\n    // \u5b50\u6811\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\n    if (r - l < 0)\n        return NULL;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    TreeNode *root = new TreeNode(preorder[i]);\n    // \u67e5\u8be2 m \uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5212\u5206\u5de6\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\n    int m = inorderMap[preorder[i]];\n    // \u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u6784\u5efa\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\n    root->left = dfs(preorder, inorderMap, i + 1, l, m - 1);\n    // \u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u6784\u5efa\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\n    root->right = dfs(preorder, inorderMap, i + 1 + m - l, m + 1, r);\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    return root;\n}\n\n/* \u6784\u5efa\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811 */\nTreeNode *buildTree(vector<int> &preorder, vector<int> &inorder) {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u5b58\u50a8 inorder \u5143\u7d20\u5230\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u6620\u5c04\n    unordered_map<int, int> inorderMap;\n    for (int i = 0; i < inorder.size(); i++) {\n        inorderMap[inorder[i]] = i;\n    }\n    TreeNode *root = dfs(preorder, inorderMap, 0, 0, inorder.size() - 1);\n    return root;\n}\n
    build_tree.java
    /* \u6784\u5efa\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff1a\u5206\u6cbb */\nTreeNode dfs(int[] preorder, Map<Integer, Integer> inorderMap, int i, int l, int r) {\n    // \u5b50\u6811\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\n    if (r - l < 0)\n        return null;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    TreeNode root = new TreeNode(preorder[i]);\n    // \u67e5\u8be2 m \uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5212\u5206\u5de6\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\n    int m = inorderMap.get(preorder[i]);\n    // \u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u6784\u5efa\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\n    root.left = dfs(preorder, inorderMap, i + 1, l, m - 1);\n    // \u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u6784\u5efa\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\n    root.right = dfs(preorder, inorderMap, i + 1 + m - l, m + 1, r);\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    return root;\n}\n\n/* \u6784\u5efa\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811 */\nTreeNode buildTree(int[] preorder, int[] inorder) {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u5b58\u50a8 inorder \u5143\u7d20\u5230\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u6620\u5c04\n    Map<Integer, Integer> inorderMap = new HashMap<>();\n    for (int i = 0; i < inorder.length; i++) {\n        inorderMap.put(inorder[i], i);\n    }\n    TreeNode root = dfs(preorder, inorderMap, 0, 0, inorder.length - 1);\n    return root;\n}\n
    build_tree.cs
    /* \u6784\u5efa\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff1a\u5206\u6cbb */\nTreeNode? DFS(int[] preorder, Dictionary<int, int> inorderMap, int i, int l, int r) {\n    // \u5b50\u6811\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\n    if (r - l < 0)\n        return null;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    TreeNode root = new(preorder[i]);\n    // \u67e5\u8be2 m \uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5212\u5206\u5de6\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\n    int m = inorderMap[preorder[i]];\n    // \u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u6784\u5efa\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\n    root.left = DFS(preorder, inorderMap, i + 1, l, m - 1);\n    // \u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u6784\u5efa\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\n    root.right = DFS(preorder, inorderMap, i + 1 + m - l, m + 1, r);\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    return root;\n}\n\n/* \u6784\u5efa\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811 */\nTreeNode? BuildTree(int[] preorder, int[] inorder) {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u5b58\u50a8 inorder \u5143\u7d20\u5230\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u6620\u5c04\n    Dictionary<int, int> inorderMap = [];\n    for (int i = 0; i < inorder.Length; i++) {\n        inorderMap.TryAdd(inorder[i], i);\n    }\n    TreeNode? root = DFS(preorder, inorderMap, 0, 0, inorder.Length - 1);\n    return root;\n}\n
    build_tree.go
    /* \u6784\u5efa\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff1a\u5206\u6cbb */\nfunc dfsBuildTree(preorder []int, inorderMap map[int]int, i, l, r int) *TreeNode {\n    // \u5b50\u6811\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\n    if r-l < 0 {\n        return nil\n    }\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    root := NewTreeNode(preorder[i])\n    // \u67e5\u8be2 m \uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5212\u5206\u5de6\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\n    m := inorderMap[preorder[i]]\n    // \u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u6784\u5efa\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\n    root.Left = dfsBuildTree(preorder, inorderMap, i+1, l, m-1)\n    // \u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u6784\u5efa\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\n    root.Right = dfsBuildTree(preorder, inorderMap, i+1+m-l, m+1, r)\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    return root\n}\n\n/* \u6784\u5efa\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811 */\nfunc buildTree(preorder, inorder []int) *TreeNode {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u5b58\u50a8 inorder \u5143\u7d20\u5230\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u6620\u5c04\n    inorderMap := make(map[int]int, len(inorder))\n    for i := 0; i < len(inorder); i++ {\n        inorderMap[inorder[i]] = i\n    }\n\n    root := dfsBuildTree(preorder, inorderMap, 0, 0, len(inorder)-1)\n    return root\n}\n
    build_tree.swift
    /* \u6784\u5efa\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff1a\u5206\u6cbb */\nfunc dfs(preorder: [Int], inorderMap: [Int: Int], i: Int, l: Int, r: Int) -> TreeNode? {\n    // \u5b50\u6811\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\n    if r - l < 0 {\n        return nil\n    }\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    let root = TreeNode(x: preorder[i])\n    // \u67e5\u8be2 m \uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5212\u5206\u5de6\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\n    let m = inorderMap[preorder[i]]!\n    // \u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u6784\u5efa\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\n    root.left = dfs(preorder: preorder, inorderMap: inorderMap, i: i + 1, l: l, r: m - 1)\n    // \u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u6784\u5efa\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\n    root.right = dfs(preorder: preorder, inorderMap: inorderMap, i: i + 1 + m - l, l: m + 1, r: r)\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    return root\n}\n\n/* \u6784\u5efa\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811 */\nfunc buildTree(preorder: [Int], inorder: [Int]) -> TreeNode? {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u5b58\u50a8 inorder \u5143\u7d20\u5230\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u6620\u5c04\n    let inorderMap = inorder.enumerated().reduce(into: [:]) { $0[$1.element] = $1.offset }\n    return dfs(preorder: preorder, inorderMap: inorderMap, i: 0, l: 0, r: inorder.count - 1)\n}\n
    build_tree.js
    /* \u6784\u5efa\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff1a\u5206\u6cbb */\nfunction dfs(preorder, inorderMap, i, l, r) {\n    // \u5b50\u6811\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\n    if (r - l < 0) return null;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    const root = new TreeNode(preorder[i]);\n    // \u67e5\u8be2 m \uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5212\u5206\u5de6\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\n    const m = inorderMap.get(preorder[i]);\n    // \u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u6784\u5efa\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\n    root.left = dfs(preorder, inorderMap, i + 1, l, m - 1);\n    // \u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u6784\u5efa\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\n    root.right = dfs(preorder, inorderMap, i + 1 + m - l, m + 1, r);\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    return root;\n}\n\n/* \u6784\u5efa\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811 */\nfunction buildTree(preorder, inorder) {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u5b58\u50a8 inorder \u5143\u7d20\u5230\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u6620\u5c04\n    let inorderMap = new Map();\n    for (let i = 0; i < inorder.length; i++) {\n        inorderMap.set(inorder[i], i);\n    }\n    const root = dfs(preorder, inorderMap, 0, 0, inorder.length - 1);\n    return root;\n}\n
    build_tree.ts
    /* \u6784\u5efa\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff1a\u5206\u6cbb */\nfunction dfs(\n    preorder: number[],\n    inorderMap: Map<number, number>,\n    i: number,\n    l: number,\n    r: number\n): TreeNode | null {\n    // \u5b50\u6811\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\n    if (r - l < 0) return null;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    const root: TreeNode = new TreeNode(preorder[i]);\n    // \u67e5\u8be2 m \uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5212\u5206\u5de6\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\n    const m = inorderMap.get(preorder[i]);\n    // \u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u6784\u5efa\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\n    root.left = dfs(preorder, inorderMap, i + 1, l, m - 1);\n    // \u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u6784\u5efa\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\n    root.right = dfs(preorder, inorderMap, i + 1 + m - l, m + 1, r);\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    return root;\n}\n\n/* \u6784\u5efa\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811 */\nfunction buildTree(preorder: number[], inorder: number[]): TreeNode | null {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u5b58\u50a8 inorder \u5143\u7d20\u5230\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u6620\u5c04\n    let inorderMap = new Map<number, number>();\n    for (let i = 0; i < inorder.length; i++) {\n        inorderMap.set(inorder[i], i);\n    }\n    const root = dfs(preorder, inorderMap, 0, 0, inorder.length - 1);\n    return root;\n}\n
    build_tree.dart
    /* \u6784\u5efa\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff1a\u5206\u6cbb */\nTreeNode? dfs(\n  List<int> preorder,\n  Map<int, int> inorderMap,\n  int i,\n  int l,\n  int r,\n) {\n  // \u5b50\u6811\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\n  if (r - l < 0) {\n    return null;\n  }\n  // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n  TreeNode? root = TreeNode(preorder[i]);\n  // \u67e5\u8be2 m \uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5212\u5206\u5de6\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\n  int m = inorderMap[preorder[i]]!;\n  // \u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u6784\u5efa\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\n  root.left = dfs(preorder, inorderMap, i + 1, l, m - 1);\n  // \u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u6784\u5efa\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\n  root.right = dfs(preorder, inorderMap, i + 1 + m - l, m + 1, r);\n  // \u8fd4\u56de\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n  return root;\n}\n\n/* \u6784\u5efa\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811 */\nTreeNode? buildTree(List<int> preorder, List<int> inorder) {\n  // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u5b58\u50a8 inorder \u5143\u7d20\u5230\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u6620\u5c04\n  Map<int, int> inorderMap = {};\n  for (int i = 0; i < inorder.length; i++) {\n    inorderMap[inorder[i]] = i;\n  }\n  TreeNode? root = dfs(preorder, inorderMap, 0, 0, inorder.length - 1);\n  return root;\n}\n
    build_tree.rs
    /* \u6784\u5efa\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff1a\u5206\u6cbb */\nfn dfs(preorder: &[i32], inorder_map: &HashMap<i32, i32>, i: i32, l: i32, r: i32) -> Option<Rc<RefCell<TreeNode>>> {\n    // \u5b50\u6811\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\n    if r - l < 0 { return None; }\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    let root = TreeNode::new(preorder[i as usize]);\n    // \u67e5\u8be2 m \uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5212\u5206\u5de6\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\n    let m = inorder_map.get(&preorder[i as usize]).unwrap();\n    // \u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u6784\u5efa\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\n    root.borrow_mut().left = dfs(preorder, inorder_map, i + 1, l, m - 1);\n    // \u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u6784\u5efa\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\n    root.borrow_mut().right = dfs(preorder, inorder_map, i + 1 + m - l, m + 1, r);\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    Some(root)\n}\n\n/* \u6784\u5efa\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811 */\nfn build_tree(preorder: &[i32], inorder: &[i32]) -> Option<Rc<RefCell<TreeNode>>> {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u5b58\u50a8 inorder \u5143\u7d20\u5230\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u6620\u5c04\n    let mut inorder_map: HashMap<i32, i32> = HashMap::new();\n    for i in 0..inorder.len() {\n        inorder_map.insert(inorder[i], i as i32);\n    }\n    let root = dfs(preorder, &inorder_map, 0, 0, inorder.len() as i32 - 1);\n    root\n}\n
    build_tree.c
    /* \u6784\u5efa\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff1a\u5206\u6cbb */\nTreeNode *dfs(int *preorder, int *inorderMap, int i, int l, int r, int size) {\n    // \u5b50\u6811\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\n    if (r - l < 0)\n        return NULL;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    TreeNode *root = (TreeNode *)malloc(sizeof(TreeNode));\n    root->val = preorder[i];\n    root->left = NULL;\n    root->right = NULL;\n    // \u67e5\u8be2 m \uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5212\u5206\u5de6\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\n    int m = inorderMap[preorder[i]];\n    // \u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u6784\u5efa\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\n    root->left = dfs(preorder, inorderMap, i + 1, l, m - 1, size);\n    // \u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u6784\u5efa\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\n    root->right = dfs(preorder, inorderMap, i + 1 + m - l, m + 1, r, size);\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    return root;\n}\n\n/* \u6784\u5efa\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811 */\nTreeNode *buildTree(int *preorder, int preorderSize, int *inorder, int inorderSize) {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u5b58\u50a8 inorder \u5143\u7d20\u5230\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u6620\u5c04\n    int *inorderMap = (int *)malloc(sizeof(int) * MAX_SIZE);\n    for (int i = 0; i < inorderSize; i++) {\n        inorderMap[inorder[i]] = i;\n    }\n    TreeNode *root = dfs(preorder, inorderMap, 0, 0, inorderSize - 1, inorderSize);\n    free(inorderMap);\n    return root;\n}\n
    build_tree.zig
    [class]{}-[func]{dfs}\n\n[class]{}-[func]{buildTree}\n

    \u56fe 12-8 \u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u6784\u5efa\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u9012\u5f52\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5404\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u662f\u5728\u5411\u4e0b\u201c\u9012\u201d\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u5404\u6761\u8fb9\uff08\u5f15\u7528\uff09\u662f\u5728\u5411\u4e0a\u201c\u5f52\u201d\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u3002

    <1><2><3><4><5><6><7><8><9>

    \u56fe 12-8 \u00a0 \u6784\u5efa\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u9012\u5f52\u8fc7\u7a0b

    \u6bcf\u4e2a\u9012\u5f52\u51fd\u6570\u5185\u7684\u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 preorder \u548c\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 inorder \u7684\u5212\u5206\u7ed3\u679c\u5982\u56fe 12-9 \u6240\u793a\u3002

    \u56fe 12-9 \u00a0 \u6bcf\u4e2a\u9012\u5f52\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u7684\u5212\u5206\u7ed3\u679c

    \u8bbe\u6811\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf\u4e3a \\(n\\) \uff0c\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u4e2a\u9012\u5f52\u51fd\u6570 dfs() \uff09\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(1)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u603b\u4f53\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n)\\) \u3002

    \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5b58\u50a8 inorder \u5143\u7d20\u5230\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u6620\u5c04\uff0c\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n)\\) \u3002\u5728\u6700\u5dee\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5373\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u9000\u5316\u4e3a\u94fe\u8868\u65f6\uff0c\u9012\u5f52\u6df1\u5ea6\u8fbe\u5230 \\(n\\) \uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(n)\\) \u7684\u6808\u5e27\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u603b\u4f53\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n)\\) \u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_divide_and_conquer/divide_and_conquer/","title":"12.1 \u00a0 \u5206\u6cbb\u7b97\u6cd5","text":"

    \u300c\u5206\u6cbb divide and conquer\u300d\uff0c\u5168\u79f0\u5206\u800c\u6cbb\u4e4b\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u4e14\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u5206\u6cbb\u901a\u5e38\u57fa\u4e8e\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u201c\u5206\u201d\u548c\u201c\u6cbb\u201d\u4e24\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002

    1. \u5206\uff08\u5212\u5206\u9636\u6bb5\uff09\uff1a\u9012\u5f52\u5730\u5c06\u539f\u95ee\u9898\u5206\u89e3\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u5230\u8fbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\u3002
    2. \u6cbb\uff08\u5408\u5e76\u9636\u6bb5\uff09\uff1a\u4ece\u5df2\u77e5\u89e3\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u5e95\u81f3\u9876\u5730\u5c06\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u8fdb\u884c\u5408\u5e76\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6784\u5efa\u51fa\u539f\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u3002

    \u5982\u56fe 12-1 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u201c\u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f\u201d\u662f\u5206\u6cbb\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u5178\u578b\u5e94\u7528\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002

    1. \u5206\uff1a\u9012\u5f52\u5730\u5c06\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\uff08\u539f\u95ee\u9898\uff09\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\uff08\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff09\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u53ea\u5269\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\uff08\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff09\u3002
    2. \u6cbb\uff1a\u4ece\u5e95\u81f3\u9876\u5730\u5c06\u6709\u5e8f\u7684\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\uff08\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\uff09\u8fdb\u884c\u5408\u5e76\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f97\u5230\u6709\u5e8f\u7684\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\uff08\u539f\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\uff09\u3002

    \u56fe 12-1 \u00a0 \u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u5206\u6cbb\u7b56\u7565

    "},{"location":"chapter_divide_and_conquer/divide_and_conquer/#1211","title":"12.1.1 \u00a0 \u5982\u4f55\u5224\u65ad\u5206\u6cbb\u95ee\u9898","text":"

    \u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u5426\u9002\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u5206\u6cbb\u89e3\u51b3\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c2\u8003\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u5224\u65ad\u4f9d\u636e\u3002

    1. \u95ee\u9898\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u89e3\uff1a\u539f\u95ee\u9898\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u89e3\u6210\u89c4\u6a21\u66f4\u5c0f\u3001\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u80fd\u591f\u4ee5\u76f8\u540c\u65b9\u5f0f\u9012\u5f52\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u5212\u5206\u3002
    2. \u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\uff1a\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u4e4b\u95f4\u6ca1\u6709\u91cd\u53e0\uff0c\u4e92\u4e0d\u4f9d\u8d56\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u72ec\u7acb\u89e3\u51b3\u3002
    3. \u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u53ef\u4ee5\u5408\u5e76\uff1a\u539f\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u901a\u8fc7\u5408\u5e76\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u5f97\u6765\u3002

    \u663e\u7136\uff0c\u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f\u6ee1\u8db3\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4e09\u4e2a\u5224\u65ad\u4f9d\u636e\u3002

    1. \u95ee\u9898\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u89e3\uff1a\u9012\u5f52\u5730\u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\uff08\u539f\u95ee\u9898\uff09\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\uff08\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff09\u3002
    2. \u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\uff1a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u72ec\u7acb\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u53ef\u4ee5\u72ec\u7acb\u8fdb\u884c\u6c42\u89e3\uff09\u3002
    3. \u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u53ef\u4ee5\u5408\u5e76\uff1a\u4e24\u4e2a\u6709\u5e8f\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\uff08\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\uff09\u53ef\u4ee5\u5408\u5e76\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u5e8f\u6570\u7ec4\uff08\u539f\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\uff09\u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_divide_and_conquer/divide_and_conquer/#1212","title":"12.1.2 \u00a0 \u901a\u8fc7\u5206\u6cbb\u63d0\u5347\u6548\u7387","text":"

    \u5206\u6cbb\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u5730\u89e3\u51b3\u7b97\u6cd5\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u5347\u7b97\u6cd5\u6548\u7387\u3002\u5728\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e2d\uff0c\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u3001\u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f\u3001\u5806\u6392\u5e8f\u76f8\u8f83\u4e8e\u9009\u62e9\u3001\u5192\u6ce1\u3001\u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f\u66f4\u5feb\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u5e94\u7528\u4e86\u5206\u6cbb\u7b56\u7565\u3002

    \u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u7981\u53d1\u95ee\uff1a\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5206\u6cbb\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u5347\u7b97\u6cd5\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u5176\u5e95\u5c42\u903b\u8f91\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u5c06\u5927\u95ee\u9898\u5206\u89e3\u4e3a\u591a\u4e2a\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u3001\u89e3\u51b3\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u3001\u5c06\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u5408\u5e76\u4e3a\u539f\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\uff0c\u8fd9\u51e0\u6b65\u7684\u6548\u7387\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6bd4\u76f4\u63a5\u89e3\u51b3\u539f\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6548\u7387\u66f4\u9ad8\uff1f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u91cf\u548c\u5e76\u884c\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e24\u65b9\u9762\u6765\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_divide_and_conquer/divide_and_conquer/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u91cf\u4f18\u5316","text":"

    \u4ee5\u201c\u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\u201d\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u5176\u5904\u7406\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(n\\) \u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u9700\u8981 \\(O(n^2)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u6309\u7167\u56fe 12-2 \u6240\u793a\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u4ece\u4e2d\u70b9\u5904\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5219\u5212\u5206\u9700\u8981 \\(O(n)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u6392\u5e8f\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u9700\u8981 \\(O((n / 2)^2)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u5408\u5e76\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u9700\u8981 \\(O(n)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u603b\u4f53\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a\uff1a

    \\[ O(n + (\\frac{n}{2})^2 \\times 2 + n) = O(\\frac{n^2}{2} + 2n) \\]

    \u56fe 12-2 \u00a0 \u5212\u5206\u6570\u7ec4\u524d\u540e\u7684\u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f

    \u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8ba1\u7b97\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e0d\u7b49\u5f0f\uff0c\u5176\u5de6\u8fb9\u548c\u53f3\u8fb9\u5206\u522b\u4e3a\u5212\u5206\u524d\u548c\u5212\u5206\u540e\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u603b\u6570\uff1a

    \\[ \\begin{aligned} n^2 & > \\frac{n^2}{2} + 2n \\newline n^2 - \\frac{n^2}{2} - 2n & > 0 \\newline n(n - 4) & > 0 \\end{aligned} \\]

    \u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5f53 \\(n > 4\\) \u65f6\uff0c\u5212\u5206\u540e\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u91cf\u66f4\u5c11\uff0c\u6392\u5e8f\u6548\u7387\u5e94\u8be5\u66f4\u9ad8\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u5212\u5206\u540e\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u5e73\u65b9\u9636 \\(O(n^2)\\) \uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e2d\u7684\u5e38\u6570\u9879\u53d8\u5c0f\u4e86\u3002

    \u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u60f3\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u518d\u4ece\u4e2d\u70b9\u5904\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u53ea\u5269\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u65f6\u505c\u6b62\u5212\u5206\u5462\uff1f\u8fd9\u79cd\u601d\u8def\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f\u201d\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n \\log n)\\) \u3002

    \u518d\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u591a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u51e0\u4e2a\u5212\u5206\u70b9\uff0c\u5c06\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\u5e73\u5747\u5212\u5206\u4e3a \\(k\\) \u4e2a\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5462\uff1f\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0e\u201c\u6876\u6392\u5e8f\u201d\u975e\u5e38\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u5b83\u975e\u5e38\u9002\u5408\u6392\u5e8f\u6d77\u91cf\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fbe\u5230 \\(O(n + k)\\) \u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_divide_and_conquer/divide_and_conquer/#2","title":"2. \u00a0 \u5e76\u884c\u8ba1\u7b97\u4f18\u5316","text":"

    \u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u5206\u6cbb\u751f\u6210\u7684\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u76f8\u4e92\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u901a\u5e38\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e76\u884c\u89e3\u51b3\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5206\u6cbb\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53ef\u4ee5\u964d\u4f4e\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5e76\u884c\u4f18\u5316\u3002

    \u5e76\u884c\u4f18\u5316\u5728\u591a\u6838\u6216\u591a\u5904\u7406\u5668\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u5c24\u5176\u6709\u6548\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u4ee5\u540c\u65f6\u5904\u7406\u591a\u4e2a\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u66f4\u52a0\u5145\u5206\u5730\u5229\u7528\u8ba1\u7b97\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u663e\u8457\u51cf\u5c11\u603b\u4f53\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u3002

    \u6bd4\u5982\u5728\u56fe 12-3 \u6240\u793a\u7684\u201c\u6876\u6392\u5e8f\u201d\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u6d77\u91cf\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e73\u5747\u5206\u914d\u5230\u5404\u4e2a\u6876\u4e2d\uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u6240\u6709\u6876\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u4efb\u52a1\u5206\u6563\u5230\u5404\u4e2a\u8ba1\u7b97\u5355\u5143\uff0c\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\u518d\u5408\u5e76\u7ed3\u679c\u3002

    \u56fe 12-3 \u00a0 \u6876\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u5e76\u884c\u8ba1\u7b97

    "},{"location":"chapter_divide_and_conquer/divide_and_conquer/#1213","title":"12.1.3 \u00a0 \u5206\u6cbb\u5e38\u89c1\u5e94\u7528","text":"

    \u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5206\u6cbb\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u8bb8\u591a\u7ecf\u5178\u7b97\u6cd5\u95ee\u9898\u3002

    • \u5bfb\u627e\u6700\u8fd1\u70b9\u5bf9\uff1a\u8be5\u7b97\u6cd5\u9996\u5148\u5c06\u70b9\u96c6\u5206\u6210\u4e24\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5206\u522b\u627e\u51fa\u4e24\u90e8\u5206\u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u8fd1\u70b9\u5bf9\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u627e\u51fa\u8de8\u8d8a\u4e24\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u6700\u8fd1\u70b9\u5bf9\u3002
    • \u5927\u6574\u6570\u4e58\u6cd5\uff1a\u4f8b\u5982 Karatsuba \u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u5927\u6574\u6570\u4e58\u6cd5\u5206\u89e3\u4e3a\u51e0\u4e2a\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u6574\u6570\u7684\u4e58\u6cd5\u548c\u52a0\u6cd5\u3002
    • \u77e9\u9635\u4e58\u6cd5\uff1a\u4f8b\u5982 Strassen \u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u5927\u77e9\u9635\u4e58\u6cd5\u5206\u89e3\u4e3a\u591a\u4e2a\u5c0f\u77e9\u9635\u7684\u4e58\u6cd5\u548c\u52a0\u6cd5\u3002
    • \u6c49\u8bfa\u5854\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u6c49\u8bfa\u5854\u95ee\u9898\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u9012\u5f52\u89e3\u51b3\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u5178\u578b\u7684\u5206\u6cbb\u7b56\u7565\u5e94\u7528\u3002
    • \u6c42\u89e3\u9006\u5e8f\u5bf9\uff1a\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e8f\u5217\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u524d\u9762\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u5927\u4e8e\u540e\u9762\u7684\u6570\u5b57\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u6784\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u9006\u5e8f\u5bf9\u3002\u6c42\u89e3\u9006\u5e8f\u5bf9\u95ee\u9898\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u5206\u6cbb\u7684\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u501f\u52a9\u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f\u8fdb\u884c\u6c42\u89e3\u3002

    \u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5206\u6cbb\u5728\u7b97\u6cd5\u548c\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e2d\u5e94\u7528\u5f97\u975e\u5e38\u5e7f\u6cdb\u3002

    • \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff1a\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u662f\u5c06\u6709\u5e8f\u6570\u7ec4\u4ece\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\u5904\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u6839\u636e\u76ee\u6807\u503c\u4e0e\u4e2d\u95f4\u5143\u7d20\u503c\u6bd4\u8f83\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u51b3\u5b9a\u6392\u9664\u54ea\u4e00\u534a\u533a\u95f4\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5269\u4f59\u533a\u95f4\u6267\u884c\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u4e8c\u5206\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002
    • \u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f\uff1a\u672c\u8282\u5f00\u5934\u5df2\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u8d58\u8ff0\u3002
    • \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\uff1a\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u662f\u9009\u53d6\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u51c6\u503c\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u628a\u6570\u7ec4\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u6bd4\u57fa\u51c6\u503c\u5c0f\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u6bd4\u57fa\u51c6\u503c\u5927\uff0c\u518d\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e24\u90e8\u5206\u8fdb\u884c\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5212\u5206\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u53ea\u5269\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u3002
    • \u6876\u6392\u5e8f\uff1a\u6876\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u601d\u60f3\u662f\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6563\u5230\u591a\u4e2a\u6876\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6876\u5185\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u5c06\u5404\u4e2a\u6876\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u4f9d\u6b21\u53d6\u51fa\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u5e8f\u6570\u7ec4\u3002
    • \u6811\uff1a\u4f8b\u5982\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u3001AVL \u6811\u3001\u7ea2\u9ed1\u6811\u3001B \u6811\u3001B+ \u6811\u7b49\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u67e5\u627e\u3001\u63d2\u5165\u548c\u5220\u9664\u7b49\u64cd\u4f5c\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u89c6\u4e3a\u5206\u6cbb\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u3002
    • \u5806\uff1a\u5806\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u5b8c\u5168\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff0c\u5176\u5404\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5982\u63d2\u5165\u3001\u5220\u9664\u548c\u5806\u5316\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u90fd\u9690\u542b\u4e86\u5206\u6cbb\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u3002
    • \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff1a\u867d\u7136\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5e76\u4e0d\u76f4\u63a5\u5e94\u7528\u5206\u6cbb\uff0c\u4f46\u67d0\u4e9b\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u95f4\u63a5\u5e94\u7528\u4e86\u5206\u6cbb\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u94fe\u5f0f\u5730\u5740\u4e2d\u7684\u957f\u94fe\u8868\u4f1a\u88ab\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u7ea2\u9ed1\u6811\uff0c\u4ee5\u63d0\u5347\u67e5\u8be2\u6548\u7387\u3002

    \u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\uff0c\u5206\u6cbb\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u6da6\u7269\u7ec6\u65e0\u58f0\u201d\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u9690\u542b\u5728\u5404\u79cd\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_divide_and_conquer/hanota_problem/","title":"12.4 \u00a0 \u6c49\u8bfa\u5854\u95ee\u9898","text":"

    \u5728\u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f\u548c\u6784\u5efa\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u90fd\u662f\u5c06\u539f\u95ee\u9898\u5206\u89e3\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u89c4\u6a21\u4e3a\u539f\u95ee\u9898\u4e00\u534a\u7684\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u7136\u800c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6c49\u8bfa\u5854\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u91c7\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5206\u89e3\u7b56\u7565\u3002

    Question

    \u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e09\u6839\u67f1\u5b50\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a A\u3001B \u548c C \u3002\u8d77\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\uff0c\u67f1\u5b50 A \u4e0a\u5957\u7740 \\(n\\) \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4ece\u4e0a\u5230\u4e0b\u6309\u7167\u4ece\u5c0f\u5230\u5927\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u6392\u5217\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u662f\u8981\u628a\u8fd9 \\(n\\) \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u79fb\u5230\u67f1\u5b50 C \u4e0a\uff0c\u5e76\u4fdd\u6301\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u539f\u6709\u987a\u5e8f\u4e0d\u53d8\uff08\u5982\u56fe 12-10 \u6240\u793a\uff09\u3002\u5728\u79fb\u52a8\u5706\u76d8\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u9075\u5b88\u4ee5\u4e0b\u89c4\u5219\u3002

    1. \u5706\u76d8\u53ea\u80fd\u4ece\u4e00\u6839\u67f1\u5b50\u9876\u90e8\u62ff\u51fa\uff0c\u4ece\u53e6\u4e00\u6839\u67f1\u5b50\u9876\u90e8\u653e\u5165\u3002
    2. \u6bcf\u6b21\u53ea\u80fd\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u3002
    3. \u5c0f\u5706\u76d8\u5fc5\u987b\u65f6\u523b\u4f4d\u4e8e\u5927\u5706\u76d8\u4e4b\u4e0a\u3002

    \u56fe 12-10 \u00a0 \u6c49\u8bfa\u5854\u95ee\u9898\u793a\u4f8b

    \u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u89c4\u6a21\u4e3a \\(i\\) \u7684\u6c49\u8bfa\u5854\u95ee\u9898\u8bb0\u4f5c \\(f(i)\\) \u3002\u4f8b\u5982 \\(f(3)\\) \u4ee3\u8868\u5c06 \\(3\\) \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u4ece A \u79fb\u52a8\u81f3 C \u7684\u6c49\u8bfa\u5854\u95ee\u9898\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_divide_and_conquer/hanota_problem/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u8003\u8651\u57fa\u672c\u60c5\u51b5","text":"

    \u5982\u56fe 12-11 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u95ee\u9898 \\(f(1)\\) \uff0c\u5373\u5f53\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5b83\u76f4\u63a5\u4ece A \u79fb\u52a8\u81f3 C \u5373\u53ef\u3002

    <1><2>

    \u56fe 12-11 \u00a0 \u89c4\u6a21\u4e3a 1 \u7684\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3

    \u5982\u56fe 12-12 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u95ee\u9898 \\(f(2)\\) \uff0c\u5373\u5f53\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u65f6\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u8981\u65f6\u523b\u6ee1\u8db3\u5c0f\u5706\u76d8\u5728\u5927\u5706\u76d8\u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u501f\u52a9 B \u6765\u5b8c\u6210\u79fb\u52a8\u3002

    1. \u5148\u5c06\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u5c0f\u5706\u76d8\u4ece A \u79fb\u81f3 B \u3002
    2. \u518d\u5c06\u5927\u5706\u76d8\u4ece A \u79fb\u81f3 C \u3002
    3. \u6700\u540e\u5c06\u5c0f\u5706\u76d8\u4ece B \u79fb\u81f3 C \u3002
    <1><2><3><4>

    \u56fe 12-12 \u00a0 \u89c4\u6a21\u4e3a 2 \u7684\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3

    \u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898 \\(f(2)\\) \u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53ef\u603b\u7ed3\u4e3a\uff1a\u5c06\u4e24\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u501f\u52a9 B \u4ece A \u79fb\u81f3 C \u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0cC \u79f0\u4e3a\u76ee\u6807\u67f1\u3001B \u79f0\u4e3a\u7f13\u51b2\u67f1\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_divide_and_conquer/hanota_problem/#2","title":"2. \u00a0 \u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u5206\u89e3","text":"

    \u5bf9\u4e8e\u95ee\u9898 \\(f(3)\\) \uff0c\u5373\u5f53\u6709\u4e09\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u65f6\uff0c\u60c5\u51b5\u53d8\u5f97\u7a0d\u5fae\u590d\u6742\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u3002

    \u56e0\u4e3a\u5df2\u77e5 \\(f(1)\\) \u548c \\(f(2)\\) \u7684\u89e3\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ece\u5206\u6cbb\u89d2\u5ea6\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u5c06 A \u9876\u90e8\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u770b\u4f5c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6574\u4f53\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u56fe 12-13 \u6240\u793a\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u4e09\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u5c31\u88ab\u987a\u5229\u5730\u4ece A \u79fb\u81f3 C \u4e86\u3002

    1. \u4ee4 B \u4e3a\u76ee\u6807\u67f1\u3001C \u4e3a\u7f13\u51b2\u67f1\uff0c\u5c06\u4e24\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u4ece A \u79fb\u81f3 B \u3002
    2. \u5c06 A \u4e2d\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u4ece A \u76f4\u63a5\u79fb\u52a8\u81f3 C \u3002
    3. \u4ee4 C \u4e3a\u76ee\u6807\u67f1\u3001A \u4e3a\u7f13\u51b2\u67f1\uff0c\u5c06\u4e24\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u4ece B \u79fb\u81f3 C \u3002
    <1><2><3><4>

    \u56fe 12-13 \u00a0 \u89c4\u6a21\u4e3a 3 \u7684\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3

    \u4ece\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u95ee\u9898 \\(f(3)\\) \u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u95ee\u9898 \\(f(2)\\) \u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u95ee\u9898 \\(f(1)\\) \u3002\u6309\u987a\u5e8f\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u539f\u95ee\u9898\u968f\u4e4b\u5f97\u5230\u89e3\u51b3\u3002\u8fd9\u8bf4\u660e\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u89e3\u53ef\u4ee5\u5408\u5e76\u3002

    \u81f3\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u603b\u7ed3\u51fa\u56fe 12-14 \u6240\u793a\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u6c49\u8bfa\u5854\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5206\u6cbb\u7b56\u7565\uff1a\u5c06\u539f\u95ee\u9898 \\(f(n)\\) \u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u95ee\u9898 \\(f(n-1)\\) \u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u95ee\u9898 \\(f(1)\\) \uff0c\u5e76\u6309\u7167\u4ee5\u4e0b\u987a\u5e8f\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u3002

    1. \u5c06 \\(n-1\\) \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u501f\u52a9 C \u4ece A \u79fb\u81f3 B \u3002
    2. \u5c06\u5269\u4f59 \\(1\\) \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u4ece A \u76f4\u63a5\u79fb\u81f3 C \u3002
    3. \u5c06 \\(n-1\\) \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u501f\u52a9 A \u4ece B \u79fb\u81f3 C \u3002

    \u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u95ee\u9898 \\(f(n-1)\\) \uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u9012\u5f52\u5212\u5206\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898 \\(f(1)\\) \u3002\u800c \\(f(1)\\) \u7684\u89e3\u662f\u5df2\u77e5\u7684\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u4e00\u6b21\u79fb\u52a8\u64cd\u4f5c\u5373\u53ef\u3002

    \u56fe 12-14 \u00a0 \u89e3\u51b3\u6c49\u8bfa\u5854\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5206\u6cbb\u7b56\u7565

    "},{"location":"chapter_divide_and_conquer/hanota_problem/#3","title":"3. \u00a0 \u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0","text":"

    \u5728\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u58f0\u660e\u4e00\u4e2a\u9012\u5f52\u51fd\u6570 dfs(i, src, buf, tar) \uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u5c06\u67f1 src \u9876\u90e8\u7684 \\(i\\) \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u501f\u52a9\u7f13\u51b2\u67f1 buf \u79fb\u52a8\u81f3\u76ee\u6807\u67f1 tar \uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig hanota.py
    def move(src: list[int], tar: list[int]):\n    \"\"\"\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\"\"\"\n    # \u4ece src \u9876\u90e8\u62ff\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\n    pan = src.pop()\n    # \u5c06\u5706\u76d8\u653e\u5165 tar \u9876\u90e8\n    tar.append(pan)\n\ndef dfs(i: int, src: list[int], buf: list[int], tar: list[int]):\n    \"\"\"\u6c42\u89e3\u6c49\u8bfa\u5854\u95ee\u9898 f(i)\"\"\"\n    # \u82e5 src \u53ea\u5269\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u5c06\u5176\u79fb\u5230 tar\n    if i == 1:\n        move(src, tar)\n        return\n    # \u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(i-1) \uff1a\u5c06 src \u9876\u90e8 i-1 \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u501f\u52a9 tar \u79fb\u5230 buf\n    dfs(i - 1, src, tar, buf)\n    # \u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(1) \uff1a\u5c06 src \u5269\u4f59\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u79fb\u5230 tar\n    move(src, tar)\n    # \u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(i-1) \uff1a\u5c06 buf \u9876\u90e8 i-1 \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u501f\u52a9 src \u79fb\u5230 tar\n    dfs(i - 1, buf, src, tar)\n\ndef solve_hanota(A: list[int], B: list[int], C: list[int]):\n    \"\"\"\u6c42\u89e3\u6c49\u8bfa\u5854\u95ee\u9898\"\"\"\n    n = len(A)\n    # \u5c06 A \u9876\u90e8 n \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u501f\u52a9 B \u79fb\u5230 C\n    dfs(n, A, B, C)\n
    hanota.cpp
    /* \u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8 */\nvoid move(vector<int> &src, vector<int> &tar) {\n    // \u4ece src \u9876\u90e8\u62ff\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\n    int pan = src.back();\n    src.pop_back();\n    // \u5c06\u5706\u76d8\u653e\u5165 tar \u9876\u90e8\n    tar.push_back(pan);\n}\n\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u6c49\u8bfa\u5854\u95ee\u9898 f(i) */\nvoid dfs(int i, vector<int> &src, vector<int> &buf, vector<int> &tar) {\n    // \u82e5 src \u53ea\u5269\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u5c06\u5176\u79fb\u5230 tar\n    if (i == 1) {\n        move(src, tar);\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(i-1) \uff1a\u5c06 src \u9876\u90e8 i-1 \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u501f\u52a9 tar \u79fb\u5230 buf\n    dfs(i - 1, src, tar, buf);\n    // \u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(1) \uff1a\u5c06 src \u5269\u4f59\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u79fb\u5230 tar\n    move(src, tar);\n    // \u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(i-1) \uff1a\u5c06 buf \u9876\u90e8 i-1 \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u501f\u52a9 src \u79fb\u5230 tar\n    dfs(i - 1, buf, src, tar);\n}\n\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u6c49\u8bfa\u5854\u95ee\u9898 */\nvoid solveHanota(vector<int> &A, vector<int> &B, vector<int> &C) {\n    int n = A.size();\n    // \u5c06 A \u9876\u90e8 n \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u501f\u52a9 B \u79fb\u5230 C\n    dfs(n, A, B, C);\n}\n
    hanota.java
    /* \u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8 */\nvoid move(List<Integer> src, List<Integer> tar) {\n    // \u4ece src \u9876\u90e8\u62ff\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\n    Integer pan = src.remove(src.size() - 1);\n    // \u5c06\u5706\u76d8\u653e\u5165 tar \u9876\u90e8\n    tar.add(pan);\n}\n\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u6c49\u8bfa\u5854\u95ee\u9898 f(i) */\nvoid dfs(int i, List<Integer> src, List<Integer> buf, List<Integer> tar) {\n    // \u82e5 src \u53ea\u5269\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u5c06\u5176\u79fb\u5230 tar\n    if (i == 1) {\n        move(src, tar);\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(i-1) \uff1a\u5c06 src \u9876\u90e8 i-1 \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u501f\u52a9 tar \u79fb\u5230 buf\n    dfs(i - 1, src, tar, buf);\n    // \u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(1) \uff1a\u5c06 src \u5269\u4f59\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u79fb\u5230 tar\n    move(src, tar);\n    // \u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(i-1) \uff1a\u5c06 buf \u9876\u90e8 i-1 \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u501f\u52a9 src \u79fb\u5230 tar\n    dfs(i - 1, buf, src, tar);\n}\n\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u6c49\u8bfa\u5854\u95ee\u9898 */\nvoid solveHanota(List<Integer> A, List<Integer> B, List<Integer> C) {\n    int n = A.size();\n    // \u5c06 A \u9876\u90e8 n \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u501f\u52a9 B \u79fb\u5230 C\n    dfs(n, A, B, C);\n}\n
    hanota.cs
    /* \u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8 */\nvoid Move(List<int> src, List<int> tar) {\n    // \u4ece src \u9876\u90e8\u62ff\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\n    int pan = src[^1];\n    src.RemoveAt(src.Count - 1);\n    // \u5c06\u5706\u76d8\u653e\u5165 tar \u9876\u90e8\n    tar.Add(pan);\n}\n\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u6c49\u8bfa\u5854\u95ee\u9898 f(i) */\nvoid DFS(int i, List<int> src, List<int> buf, List<int> tar) {\n    // \u82e5 src \u53ea\u5269\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u5c06\u5176\u79fb\u5230 tar\n    if (i == 1) {\n        Move(src, tar);\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(i-1) \uff1a\u5c06 src \u9876\u90e8 i-1 \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u501f\u52a9 tar \u79fb\u5230 buf\n    DFS(i - 1, src, tar, buf);\n    // \u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(1) \uff1a\u5c06 src \u5269\u4f59\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u79fb\u5230 tar\n    Move(src, tar);\n    // \u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(i-1) \uff1a\u5c06 buf \u9876\u90e8 i-1 \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u501f\u52a9 src \u79fb\u5230 tar\n    DFS(i - 1, buf, src, tar);\n}\n\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u6c49\u8bfa\u5854\u95ee\u9898 */\nvoid SolveHanota(List<int> A, List<int> B, List<int> C) {\n    int n = A.Count;\n    // \u5c06 A \u9876\u90e8 n \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u501f\u52a9 B \u79fb\u5230 C\n    DFS(n, A, B, C);\n}\n
    hanota.go
    /* \u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8 */\nfunc move(src, tar *list.List) {\n    // \u4ece src \u9876\u90e8\u62ff\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\n    pan := src.Back()\n    // \u5c06\u5706\u76d8\u653e\u5165 tar \u9876\u90e8\n    tar.PushBack(pan.Value)\n    // \u79fb\u9664 src \u9876\u90e8\u5706\u76d8\n    src.Remove(pan)\n}\n\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u6c49\u8bfa\u5854\u95ee\u9898 f(i) */\nfunc dfsHanota(i int, src, buf, tar *list.List) {\n    // \u82e5 src \u53ea\u5269\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u5c06\u5176\u79fb\u5230 tar\n    if i == 1 {\n        move(src, tar)\n        return\n    }\n    // \u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(i-1) \uff1a\u5c06 src \u9876\u90e8 i-1 \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u501f\u52a9 tar \u79fb\u5230 buf\n    dfsHanota(i-1, src, tar, buf)\n    // \u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(1) \uff1a\u5c06 src \u5269\u4f59\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u79fb\u5230 tar\n    move(src, tar)\n    // \u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(i-1) \uff1a\u5c06 buf \u9876\u90e8 i-1 \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u501f\u52a9 src \u79fb\u5230 tar\n    dfsHanota(i-1, buf, src, tar)\n}\n\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u6c49\u8bfa\u5854\u95ee\u9898 */\nfunc solveHanota(A, B, C *list.List) {\n    n := A.Len()\n    // \u5c06 A \u9876\u90e8 n \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u501f\u52a9 B \u79fb\u5230 C\n    dfsHanota(n, A, B, C)\n}\n
    hanota.swift
    /* \u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8 */\nfunc move(src: inout [Int], tar: inout [Int]) {\n    // \u4ece src \u9876\u90e8\u62ff\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\n    let pan = src.popLast()!\n    // \u5c06\u5706\u76d8\u653e\u5165 tar \u9876\u90e8\n    tar.append(pan)\n}\n\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u6c49\u8bfa\u5854\u95ee\u9898 f(i) */\nfunc dfs(i: Int, src: inout [Int], buf: inout [Int], tar: inout [Int]) {\n    // \u82e5 src \u53ea\u5269\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u5c06\u5176\u79fb\u5230 tar\n    if i == 1 {\n        move(src: &src, tar: &tar)\n        return\n    }\n    // \u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(i-1) \uff1a\u5c06 src \u9876\u90e8 i-1 \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u501f\u52a9 tar \u79fb\u5230 buf\n    dfs(i: i - 1, src: &src, buf: &tar, tar: &buf)\n    // \u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(1) \uff1a\u5c06 src \u5269\u4f59\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u79fb\u5230 tar\n    move(src: &src, tar: &tar)\n    // \u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(i-1) \uff1a\u5c06 buf \u9876\u90e8 i-1 \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u501f\u52a9 src \u79fb\u5230 tar\n    dfs(i: i - 1, src: &buf, buf: &src, tar: &tar)\n}\n\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u6c49\u8bfa\u5854\u95ee\u9898 */\nfunc solveHanota(A: inout [Int], B: inout [Int], C: inout [Int]) {\n    let n = A.count\n    // \u5217\u8868\u5c3e\u90e8\u662f\u67f1\u5b50\u9876\u90e8\n    // \u5c06 src \u9876\u90e8 n \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u501f\u52a9 B \u79fb\u5230 C\n    dfs(i: n, src: &A, buf: &B, tar: &C)\n}\n
    hanota.js
    /* \u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8 */\nfunction move(src, tar) {\n    // \u4ece src \u9876\u90e8\u62ff\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\n    const pan = src.pop();\n    // \u5c06\u5706\u76d8\u653e\u5165 tar \u9876\u90e8\n    tar.push(pan);\n}\n\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u6c49\u8bfa\u5854\u95ee\u9898 f(i) */\nfunction dfs(i, src, buf, tar) {\n    // \u82e5 src \u53ea\u5269\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u5c06\u5176\u79fb\u5230 tar\n    if (i === 1) {\n        move(src, tar);\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(i-1) \uff1a\u5c06 src \u9876\u90e8 i-1 \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u501f\u52a9 tar \u79fb\u5230 buf\n    dfs(i - 1, src, tar, buf);\n    // \u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(1) \uff1a\u5c06 src \u5269\u4f59\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u79fb\u5230 tar\n    move(src, tar);\n    // \u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(i-1) \uff1a\u5c06 buf \u9876\u90e8 i-1 \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u501f\u52a9 src \u79fb\u5230 tar\n    dfs(i - 1, buf, src, tar);\n}\n\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u6c49\u8bfa\u5854\u95ee\u9898 */\nfunction solveHanota(A, B, C) {\n    const n = A.length;\n    // \u5c06 A \u9876\u90e8 n \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u501f\u52a9 B \u79fb\u5230 C\n    dfs(n, A, B, C);\n}\n
    hanota.ts
    /* \u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8 */\nfunction move(src: number[], tar: number[]): void {\n    // \u4ece src \u9876\u90e8\u62ff\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\n    const pan = src.pop();\n    // \u5c06\u5706\u76d8\u653e\u5165 tar \u9876\u90e8\n    tar.push(pan);\n}\n\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u6c49\u8bfa\u5854\u95ee\u9898 f(i) */\nfunction dfs(i: number, src: number[], buf: number[], tar: number[]): void {\n    // \u82e5 src \u53ea\u5269\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u5c06\u5176\u79fb\u5230 tar\n    if (i === 1) {\n        move(src, tar);\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(i-1) \uff1a\u5c06 src \u9876\u90e8 i-1 \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u501f\u52a9 tar \u79fb\u5230 buf\n    dfs(i - 1, src, tar, buf);\n    // \u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(1) \uff1a\u5c06 src \u5269\u4f59\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u79fb\u5230 tar\n    move(src, tar);\n    // \u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(i-1) \uff1a\u5c06 buf \u9876\u90e8 i-1 \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u501f\u52a9 src \u79fb\u5230 tar\n    dfs(i - 1, buf, src, tar);\n}\n\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u6c49\u8bfa\u5854\u95ee\u9898 */\nfunction solveHanota(A: number[], B: number[], C: number[]): void {\n    const n = A.length;\n    // \u5c06 A \u9876\u90e8 n \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u501f\u52a9 B \u79fb\u5230 C\n    dfs(n, A, B, C);\n}\n
    hanota.dart
    /* \u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8 */\nvoid move(List<int> src, List<int> tar) {\n  // \u4ece src \u9876\u90e8\u62ff\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\n  int pan = src.removeLast();\n  // \u5c06\u5706\u76d8\u653e\u5165 tar \u9876\u90e8\n  tar.add(pan);\n}\n\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u6c49\u8bfa\u5854\u95ee\u9898 f(i) */\nvoid dfs(int i, List<int> src, List<int> buf, List<int> tar) {\n  // \u82e5 src \u53ea\u5269\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u5c06\u5176\u79fb\u5230 tar\n  if (i == 1) {\n    move(src, tar);\n    return;\n  }\n  // \u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(i-1) \uff1a\u5c06 src \u9876\u90e8 i-1 \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u501f\u52a9 tar \u79fb\u5230 buf\n  dfs(i - 1, src, tar, buf);\n  // \u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(1) \uff1a\u5c06 src \u5269\u4f59\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u79fb\u5230 tar\n  move(src, tar);\n  // \u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(i-1) \uff1a\u5c06 buf \u9876\u90e8 i-1 \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u501f\u52a9 src \u79fb\u5230 tar\n  dfs(i - 1, buf, src, tar);\n}\n\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u6c49\u8bfa\u5854\u95ee\u9898 */\nvoid solveHanota(List<int> A, List<int> B, List<int> C) {\n  int n = A.length;\n  // \u5c06 A \u9876\u90e8 n \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u501f\u52a9 B \u79fb\u5230 C\n  dfs(n, A, B, C);\n}\n
    hanota.rs
    /* \u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8 */\nfn move_pan(src: &mut Vec<i32>, tar: &mut Vec<i32>) {\n    // \u4ece src \u9876\u90e8\u62ff\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\n    let pan = src.remove(src.len() - 1);\n    // \u5c06\u5706\u76d8\u653e\u5165 tar \u9876\u90e8\n    tar.push(pan);\n}\n\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u6c49\u8bfa\u5854\u95ee\u9898 f(i) */\nfn dfs(i: i32, src: &mut Vec<i32>, buf: &mut Vec<i32>, tar: &mut Vec<i32>) {\n    // \u82e5 src \u53ea\u5269\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u5c06\u5176\u79fb\u5230 tar\n    if i == 1 {\n        move_pan(src, tar);\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(i-1) \uff1a\u5c06 src \u9876\u90e8 i-1 \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u501f\u52a9 tar \u79fb\u5230 buf\n    dfs(i - 1, src, tar, buf);\n    // \u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(1) \uff1a\u5c06 src \u5269\u4f59\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u79fb\u5230 tar\n    move_pan(src, tar);\n    // \u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(i-1) \uff1a\u5c06 buf \u9876\u90e8 i-1 \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u501f\u52a9 src \u79fb\u5230 tar\n    dfs(i - 1, buf, src, tar);\n}\n\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u6c49\u8bfa\u5854\u95ee\u9898 */\nfn solve_hanota(A: &mut Vec<i32>, B: &mut Vec<i32>, C: &mut Vec<i32>) {\n    let n = A.len() as i32;\n    // \u5c06 A \u9876\u90e8 n \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u501f\u52a9 B \u79fb\u5230 C\n    dfs(n, A, B, C);\n}\n
    hanota.c
    /* \u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8 */\nvoid move(int *src, int *srcSize, int *tar, int *tarSize) {\n    // \u4ece src \u9876\u90e8\u62ff\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\n    int pan = src[*srcSize - 1];\n    src[*srcSize - 1] = 0;\n    (*srcSize)--;\n    // \u5c06\u5706\u76d8\u653e\u5165 tar \u9876\u90e8\n    tar[*tarSize] = pan;\n    (*tarSize)++;\n}\n\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u6c49\u8bfa\u5854\u95ee\u9898 f(i) */\nvoid dfs(int i, int *src, int *srcSize, int *buf, int *bufSize, int *tar, int *tarSize) {\n    // \u82e5 src \u53ea\u5269\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u5c06\u5176\u79fb\u5230 tar\n    if (i == 1) {\n        move(src, srcSize, tar, tarSize);\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(i-1) \uff1a\u5c06 src \u9876\u90e8 i-1 \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u501f\u52a9 tar \u79fb\u5230 buf\n    dfs(i - 1, src, srcSize, tar, tarSize, buf, bufSize);\n    // \u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(1) \uff1a\u5c06 src \u5269\u4f59\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u79fb\u5230 tar\n    move(src, srcSize, tar, tarSize);\n    // \u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(i-1) \uff1a\u5c06 buf \u9876\u90e8 i-1 \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u501f\u52a9 src \u79fb\u5230 tar\n    dfs(i - 1, buf, bufSize, src, srcSize, tar, tarSize);\n}\n\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u6c49\u8bfa\u5854\u95ee\u9898 */\nvoid solveHanota(int *A, int *ASize, int *B, int *BSize, int *C, int *CSize) {\n    // \u5c06 A \u9876\u90e8 n \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u501f\u52a9 B \u79fb\u5230 C\n    dfs(*ASize, A, ASize, B, BSize, C, CSize);\n}\n
    hanota.zig
    [class]{}-[func]{move}\n\n[class]{}-[func]{dfs}\n\n[class]{}-[func]{solveHanota}\n

    \u5982\u56fe 12-15 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u6c49\u8bfa\u5854\u95ee\u9898\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u68f5\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(n\\) \u7684\u9012\u5f52\u6811\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u4ee3\u8868\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f00\u542f\u7684 dfs() \u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(2^n)\\) \uff0c\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n)\\) \u3002

    \u56fe 12-15 \u00a0 \u6c49\u8bfa\u5854\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u9012\u5f52\u6811

    Quote

    \u6c49\u8bfa\u5854\u95ee\u9898\u6e90\u81ea\u4e00\u4e2a\u53e4\u8001\u7684\u4f20\u8bf4\u3002\u5728\u53e4\u5370\u5ea6\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bfa\u5e99\u91cc\uff0c\u50e7\u4fa3\u4eec\u6709\u4e09\u6839\u9ad8\u5927\u7684\u94bb\u77f3\u67f1\u5b50\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca \\(64\\) \u4e2a\u5927\u5c0f\u4e0d\u4e00\u7684\u91d1\u5706\u76d8\u3002\u50e7\u4fa3\u4eec\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u79fb\u52a8\u5706\u76d8\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u76f8\u4fe1\u5728\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u88ab\u6b63\u786e\u653e\u7f6e\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u523b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\u5c31\u4f1a\u7ed3\u675f\u3002

    \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u50e7\u4fa3\u4eec\u6bcf\u79d2\u949f\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u603b\u5171\u9700\u8981\u5927\u7ea6 \\(2^{64} \\approx 1.84\u00d710^{19}\\) \u79d2\uff0c\u5408\u7ea6 \\(5850\\) \u4ebf\u5e74\uff0c\u8fdc\u8fdc\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e86\u73b0\u5728\u5bf9\u5b87\u5b99\u5e74\u9f84\u7684\u4f30\u8ba1\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5018\u82e5\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f20\u8bf4\u662f\u771f\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u62c5\u5fc3\u4e16\u754c\u672b\u65e5\u7684\u5230\u6765\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_divide_and_conquer/summary/","title":"12.5 \u00a0 \u5c0f\u7ed3","text":"
    • \u5206\u6cbb\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5206\uff08\u5212\u5206\uff09\u548c\u6cbb\uff08\u5408\u5e76\uff09\u4e24\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u57fa\u4e8e\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002
    • \u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u662f\u5206\u6cbb\u7b97\u6cd5\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4f9d\u636e\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u95ee\u9898\u80fd\u5426\u5206\u89e3\u3001\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u5426\u72ec\u7acb\u3001\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u80fd\u5426\u5408\u5e76\u3002
    • \u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f\u662f\u5206\u6cbb\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u5178\u578b\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u5176\u9012\u5f52\u5730\u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u7b49\u957f\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u53ea\u5269\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u65f6\u5f00\u59cb\u9010\u5c42\u5408\u5e76\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5b8c\u6210\u6392\u5e8f\u3002
    • \u5f15\u5165\u5206\u6cbb\u7b56\u7565\u5f80\u5f80\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u5347\u7b97\u6cd5\u6548\u7387\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5206\u6cbb\u7b56\u7565\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u91cf\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5206\u6cbb\u540e\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5e76\u884c\u4f18\u5316\u3002
    • \u5206\u6cbb\u65e2\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u51b3\u8bb8\u591a\u7b97\u6cd5\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e5f\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u7b97\u6cd5\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e2d\uff0c\u5904\u5904\u53ef\u89c1\u5176\u8eab\u5f71\u3002
    • \u76f8\u8f83\u4e8e\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22\uff0c\u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u641c\u7d22\u6548\u7387\u66f4\u9ad8\u3002\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(\\log n)\\) \u7684\u641c\u7d22\u7b97\u6cd5\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u5206\u6cbb\u7b56\u7565\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u3002
    • \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u662f\u5206\u6cbb\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5178\u578b\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u5c06\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u8fdb\u884c\u5408\u5e76\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u9012\u5f52\u5206\u6cbb\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u3002
    • \u5728\u6784\u5efa\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4e2d\uff0c\u6784\u5efa\u6811\uff08\u539f\u95ee\u9898\uff09\u53ef\u4ee5\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u6784\u5efa\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\uff08\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5212\u5206\u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u548c\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u533a\u95f4\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002
    • \u5728\u6c49\u8bfa\u5854\u95ee\u9898\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u89c4\u6a21\u4e3a \\(n\\) \u7684\u95ee\u9898\u53ef\u4ee5\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u89c4\u6a21\u4e3a \\(n-1\\) \u7684\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u89c4\u6a21\u4e3a \\(1\\) \u7684\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u6309\u987a\u5e8f\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u540e\uff0c\u539f\u95ee\u9898\u968f\u4e4b\u5f97\u5230\u89e3\u51b3\u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/","title":"\u7b2c 14 \u7ae0 \u00a0 \u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212","text":"

    Abstract

    \u5c0f\u6eaa\u6c47\u5165\u6cb3\u6d41\uff0c\u6c5f\u6cb3\u6c47\u5165\u5927\u6d77\u3002

    \u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u5c06\u5c0f\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u6c47\u96c6\u6210\u5927\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u7b54\u6848\uff0c\u4e00\u6b65\u6b65\u5f15\u9886\u6211\u4eec\u8d70\u5411\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5f7c\u5cb8\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/#_1","title":"\u672c\u7ae0\u5185\u5bb9","text":"
    • 14.1 \u00a0 \u521d\u63a2\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212
    • 14.2 \u00a0 DP \u95ee\u9898\u7279\u6027
    • 14.3 \u00a0 DP \u89e3\u9898\u601d\u8def
    • 14.4 \u00a0 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898
    • 14.5 \u00a0 \u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898
    • 14.6 \u00a0 \u7f16\u8f91\u8ddd\u79bb\u95ee\u9898
    • 14.7 \u00a0 \u5c0f\u7ed3
    "},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/dp_problem_features/","title":"14.2 \u00a0 \u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u95ee\u9898\u7279\u6027","text":"

    \u5728\u4e0a\u4e00\u8282\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5b66\u4e60\u4e86\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u8fc7\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u5206\u89e3\u6765\u6c42\u89e3\u539f\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u5206\u89e3\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u901a\u7528\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u601d\u8def\uff0c\u5728\u5206\u6cbb\u3001\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u3001\u56de\u6eaf\u4e2d\u7684\u4fa7\u91cd\u70b9\u4e0d\u540c\u3002

    • \u5206\u6cbb\u7b97\u6cd5\u9012\u5f52\u5730\u5c06\u539f\u95ee\u9898\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u591a\u4e2a\u76f8\u4e92\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u56de\u6eaf\u4e2d\u5408\u5e76\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u5f97\u5230\u539f\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u3002
    • \u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u4e5f\u5bf9\u95ee\u9898\u8fdb\u884c\u9012\u5f52\u5206\u89e3\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0e\u5206\u6cbb\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u533a\u522b\u662f\uff0c\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u4e2d\u7684\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u76f8\u4e92\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u5206\u89e3\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u8bb8\u591a\u91cd\u53e0\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u3002
    • \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\u5728\u5c1d\u8bd5\u548c\u56de\u9000\u4e2d\u7a77\u4e3e\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u89e3\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u526a\u679d\u907f\u514d\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u641c\u7d22\u5206\u652f\u3002\u539f\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u7531\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u51b3\u7b56\u6b65\u9aa4\u6784\u6210\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u6bcf\u4e2a\u51b3\u7b56\u6b65\u9aa4\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u5b50\u5e8f\u5217\u770b\u4f5c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u3002

    \u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u5e38\u7528\u6765\u6c42\u89e3\u6700\u4f18\u5316\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5305\u542b\u91cd\u53e0\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8fd8\u5177\u6709\u53e6\u5916\u4e24\u5927\u7279\u6027\uff1a\u6700\u4f18\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u65e0\u540e\u6548\u6027\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/dp_problem_features/#1421","title":"14.2.1 \u00a0 \u6700\u4f18\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784","text":"

    \u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u722c\u697c\u68af\u95ee\u9898\u7a0d\u4f5c\u6539\u52a8\uff0c\u4f7f\u4e4b\u66f4\u52a0\u9002\u5408\u5c55\u793a\u6700\u4f18\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u6982\u5ff5\u3002

    \u722c\u697c\u68af\u6700\u5c0f\u4ee3\u4ef7

    \u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u697c\u68af\uff0c\u4f60\u6bcf\u6b65\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0a \\(1\\) \u9636\u6216\u8005 \\(2\\) \u9636\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u9636\u697c\u68af\u4e0a\u90fd\u8d34\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u8d1f\u6574\u6570\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u4f60\u5728\u8be5\u53f0\u9636\u6240\u9700\u8981\u4ed8\u51fa\u7684\u4ee3\u4ef7\u3002\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u8d1f\u6574\u6570\u6570\u7ec4 \\(cost\\) \uff0c\u5176\u4e2d \\(cost[i]\\) \u8868\u793a\u5728\u7b2c \\(i\\) \u4e2a\u53f0\u9636\u9700\u8981\u4ed8\u51fa\u7684\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff0c\\(cost[0]\\) \u4e3a\u5730\u9762\uff08\u8d77\u59cb\u70b9\uff09\u3002\u8bf7\u8ba1\u7b97\u6700\u5c11\u9700\u8981\u4ed8\u51fa\u591a\u5c11\u4ee3\u4ef7\u624d\u80fd\u5230\u8fbe\u9876\u90e8\uff1f

    \u5982\u56fe 14-6 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u82e5\u7b2c \\(1\\)\u3001\\(2\\)\u3001\\(3\\) \u9636\u7684\u4ee3\u4ef7\u5206\u522b\u4e3a \\(1\\)\u3001\\(10\\)\u3001\\(1\\) \uff0c\u5219\u4ece\u5730\u9762\u722c\u5230\u7b2c \\(3\\) \u9636\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u4ee3\u4ef7\u4e3a \\(2\\) \u3002

    \u56fe 14-6 \u00a0 \u722c\u5230\u7b2c 3 \u9636\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u4ee3\u4ef7

    \u8bbe \\(dp[i]\\) \u4e3a\u722c\u5230\u7b2c \\(i\\) \u9636\u7d2f\u8ba1\u4ed8\u51fa\u7684\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u7b2c \\(i\\) \u9636\u53ea\u53ef\u80fd\u4ece \\(i - 1\\) \u9636\u6216 \\(i - 2\\) \u9636\u8d70\u6765\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64 \\(dp[i]\\) \u53ea\u53ef\u80fd\u7b49\u4e8e \\(dp[i - 1] + cost[i]\\) \u6216 \\(dp[i - 2] + cost[i]\\) \u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u51cf\u5c11\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u9009\u62e9\u4e24\u8005\u4e2d\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u4e2a\uff1a

    \\[ dp[i] = \\min(dp[i-1], dp[i-2]) + cost[i] \\]

    \u8fd9\u4fbf\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f15\u51fa\u6700\u4f18\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u542b\u4e49\uff1a\u539f\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u662f\u4ece\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u6784\u5efa\u5f97\u6765\u7684\u3002

    \u672c\u9898\u663e\u7136\u5177\u6709\u6700\u4f18\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u4ece\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u6700\u4f18\u89e3 \\(dp[i-1]\\) \u548c \\(dp[i-2]\\) \u4e2d\u6311\u9009\u51fa\u8f83\u4f18\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u4e2a\uff0c\u5e76\u7528\u5b83\u6784\u5efa\u51fa\u539f\u95ee\u9898 \\(dp[i]\\) \u7684\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u3002

    \u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u4e0a\u4e00\u8282\u7684\u722c\u697c\u68af\u9898\u76ee\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u6700\u4f18\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u5462\uff1f\u5b83\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u6c42\u89e3\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u770b\u4f3c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8ba1\u6570\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u6362\u4e00\u79cd\u95ee\u6cd5\uff1a\u201c\u6c42\u89e3\u6700\u5927\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u91cf\u201d\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u610f\u5916\u5730\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u9898\u76ee\u4fee\u6539\u524d\u540e\u662f\u7b49\u4ef7\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u6700\u4f18\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u6d6e\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\u4e86\uff1a\u7b2c \\(n\\) \u9636\u6700\u5927\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u91cf\u7b49\u4e8e\u7b2c \\(n-1\\) \u9636\u548c\u7b2c \\(n-2\\) \u9636\u6700\u5927\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u91cf\u4e4b\u548c\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff0c\u6700\u4f18\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u65b9\u5f0f\u6bd4\u8f83\u7075\u6d3b\uff0c\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u95ee\u9898\u4e2d\u4f1a\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u3002

    \u6839\u636e\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u65b9\u7a0b\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001 \\(dp[1] = cost[1]\\) \u548c \\(dp[2] = cost[2]\\) \uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig min_cost_climbing_stairs_dp.py
    def min_cost_climbing_stairs_dp(cost: list[int]) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u722c\u697c\u68af\u6700\u5c0f\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\"\"\"\n    n = len(cost) - 1\n    if n == 1 or n == 2:\n        return cost[n]\n    # \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n    dp = [0] * (n + 1)\n    # \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u9884\u8bbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n    dp[1], dp[2] = cost[1], cost[2]\n    # \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\n    for i in range(3, n + 1):\n        dp[i] = min(dp[i - 1], dp[i - 2]) + cost[i]\n    return dp[n]\n
    min_cost_climbing_stairs_dp.cpp
    /* \u722c\u697c\u68af\u6700\u5c0f\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint minCostClimbingStairsDP(vector<int> &cost) {\n    int n = cost.size() - 1;\n    if (n == 1 || n == 2)\n        return cost[n];\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n    vector<int> dp(n + 1);\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u9884\u8bbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n    dp[1] = cost[1];\n    dp[2] = cost[2];\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\n    for (int i = 3; i <= n; i++) {\n        dp[i] = min(dp[i - 1], dp[i - 2]) + cost[i];\n    }\n    return dp[n];\n}\n
    min_cost_climbing_stairs_dp.java
    /* \u722c\u697c\u68af\u6700\u5c0f\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint minCostClimbingStairsDP(int[] cost) {\n    int n = cost.length - 1;\n    if (n == 1 || n == 2)\n        return cost[n];\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n    int[] dp = new int[n + 1];\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u9884\u8bbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n    dp[1] = cost[1];\n    dp[2] = cost[2];\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\n    for (int i = 3; i <= n; i++) {\n        dp[i] = Math.min(dp[i - 1], dp[i - 2]) + cost[i];\n    }\n    return dp[n];\n}\n
    min_cost_climbing_stairs_dp.cs
    /* \u722c\u697c\u68af\u6700\u5c0f\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint MinCostClimbingStairsDP(int[] cost) {\n    int n = cost.Length - 1;\n    if (n == 1 || n == 2)\n        return cost[n];\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n    int[] dp = new int[n + 1];\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u9884\u8bbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n    dp[1] = cost[1];\n    dp[2] = cost[2];\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\n    for (int i = 3; i <= n; i++) {\n        dp[i] = Math.Min(dp[i - 1], dp[i - 2]) + cost[i];\n    }\n    return dp[n];\n}\n
    min_cost_climbing_stairs_dp.go
    /* \u722c\u697c\u68af\u6700\u5c0f\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunc minCostClimbingStairsDP(cost []int) int {\n    n := len(cost) - 1\n    if n == 1 || n == 2 {\n        return cost[n]\n    }\n    min := func(a, b int) int {\n        if a < b {\n            return a\n        }\n        return b\n    }\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n    dp := make([]int, n+1)\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u9884\u8bbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n    dp[1] = cost[1]\n    dp[2] = cost[2]\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\n    for i := 3; i <= n; i++ {\n        dp[i] = min(dp[i-1], dp[i-2]) + cost[i]\n    }\n    return dp[n]\n}\n
    min_cost_climbing_stairs_dp.swift
    /* \u722c\u697c\u68af\u6700\u5c0f\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunc minCostClimbingStairsDP(cost: [Int]) -> Int {\n    let n = cost.count - 1\n    if n == 1 || n == 2 {\n        return cost[n]\n    }\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n    var dp = Array(repeating: 0, count: n + 1)\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u9884\u8bbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n    dp[1] = cost[1]\n    dp[2] = cost[2]\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\n    for i in stride(from: 3, through: n, by: 1) {\n        dp[i] = min(dp[i - 1], dp[i - 2]) + cost[i]\n    }\n    return dp[n]\n}\n
    min_cost_climbing_stairs_dp.js
    /* \u722c\u697c\u68af\u6700\u5c0f\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunction minCostClimbingStairsDP(cost) {\n    const n = cost.length - 1;\n    if (n === 1 || n === 2) {\n        return cost[n];\n    }\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n    const dp = new Array(n + 1);\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u9884\u8bbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n    dp[1] = cost[1];\n    dp[2] = cost[2];\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\n    for (let i = 3; i <= n; i++) {\n        dp[i] = Math.min(dp[i - 1], dp[i - 2]) + cost[i];\n    }\n    return dp[n];\n}\n
    min_cost_climbing_stairs_dp.ts
    /* \u722c\u697c\u68af\u6700\u5c0f\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunction minCostClimbingStairsDP(cost: Array<number>): number {\n    const n = cost.length - 1;\n    if (n === 1 || n === 2) {\n        return cost[n];\n    }\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n    const dp = new Array(n + 1);\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u9884\u8bbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n    dp[1] = cost[1];\n    dp[2] = cost[2];\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\n    for (let i = 3; i <= n; i++) {\n        dp[i] = Math.min(dp[i - 1], dp[i - 2]) + cost[i];\n    }\n    return dp[n];\n}\n
    min_cost_climbing_stairs_dp.dart
    /* \u722c\u697c\u68af\u6700\u5c0f\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint minCostClimbingStairsDP(List<int> cost) {\n  int n = cost.length - 1;\n  if (n == 1 || n == 2) return cost[n];\n  // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n  List<int> dp = List.filled(n + 1, 0);\n  // \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u9884\u8bbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n  dp[1] = cost[1];\n  dp[2] = cost[2];\n  // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\n  for (int i = 3; i <= n; i++) {\n    dp[i] = min(dp[i - 1], dp[i - 2]) + cost[i];\n  }\n  return dp[n];\n}\n
    min_cost_climbing_stairs_dp.rs
    /* \u722c\u697c\u68af\u6700\u5c0f\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfn min_cost_climbing_stairs_dp(cost: &[i32]) -> i32 {\n    let n = cost.len() - 1;\n    if n == 1 || n == 2 { return cost[n]; }\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n    let mut dp = vec![-1; n + 1];\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u9884\u8bbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n    dp[1] = cost[1];\n    dp[2] = cost[2];\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\n    for i in 3..=n {\n        dp[i] = cmp::min(dp[i - 1], dp[i - 2]) + cost[i];\n    }\n    dp[n]\n}\n
    min_cost_climbing_stairs_dp.c
    /* \u722c\u697c\u68af\u6700\u5c0f\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint minCostClimbingStairsDP(int cost[], int costSize) {\n    int n = costSize - 1;\n    if (n == 1 || n == 2)\n        return cost[n];\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n    int *dp = calloc(n + 1, sizeof(int));\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u9884\u8bbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n    dp[1] = cost[1];\n    dp[2] = cost[2];\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\n    for (int i = 3; i <= n; i++) {\n        dp[i] = myMin(dp[i - 1], dp[i - 2]) + cost[i];\n    }\n    int res = dp[n];\n    // \u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\n    free(dp);\n    return res;\n}\n
    min_cost_climbing_stairs_dp.zig
    // \u722c\u697c\u68af\u6700\u5c0f\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\nfn minCostClimbingStairsDP(comptime cost: []i32) i32 {\n    comptime var n = cost.len - 1;\n    if (n == 1 or n == 2) {\n        return cost[n];\n    }\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n    var dp = [_]i32{-1} ** (n + 1);\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u9884\u8bbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n    dp[1] = cost[1];\n    dp[2] = cost[2];\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\n    for (3..n + 1) |i| {\n        dp[i] = @min(dp[i - 1], dp[i - 2]) + cost[i];\n    }\n    return dp[n];\n}\n

    \u56fe 14-7 \u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002

    \u56fe 14-7 \u00a0 \u722c\u697c\u68af\u6700\u5c0f\u4ee3\u4ef7\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u8fc7\u7a0b

    \u672c\u9898\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\uff0c\u5c06\u4e00\u7ef4\u538b\u7f29\u81f3\u96f6\u7ef4\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4ece \\(O(n)\\) \u964d\u81f3 \\(O(1)\\) \uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig min_cost_climbing_stairs_dp.py
    def min_cost_climbing_stairs_dp_comp(cost: list[int]) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u722c\u697c\u68af\u6700\u5c0f\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\"\"\"\n    n = len(cost) - 1\n    if n == 1 or n == 2:\n        return cost[n]\n    a, b = cost[1], cost[2]\n    for i in range(3, n + 1):\n        a, b = b, min(a, b) + cost[i]\n    return b\n
    min_cost_climbing_stairs_dp.cpp
    /* \u722c\u697c\u68af\u6700\u5c0f\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint minCostClimbingStairsDPComp(vector<int> &cost) {\n    int n = cost.size() - 1;\n    if (n == 1 || n == 2)\n        return cost[n];\n    int a = cost[1], b = cost[2];\n    for (int i = 3; i <= n; i++) {\n        int tmp = b;\n        b = min(a, tmp) + cost[i];\n        a = tmp;\n    }\n    return b;\n}\n
    min_cost_climbing_stairs_dp.java
    /* \u722c\u697c\u68af\u6700\u5c0f\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint minCostClimbingStairsDPComp(int[] cost) {\n    int n = cost.length - 1;\n    if (n == 1 || n == 2)\n        return cost[n];\n    int a = cost[1], b = cost[2];\n    for (int i = 3; i <= n; i++) {\n        int tmp = b;\n        b = Math.min(a, tmp) + cost[i];\n        a = tmp;\n    }\n    return b;\n}\n
    min_cost_climbing_stairs_dp.cs
    /* \u722c\u697c\u68af\u6700\u5c0f\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint MinCostClimbingStairsDPComp(int[] cost) {\n    int n = cost.Length - 1;\n    if (n == 1 || n == 2)\n        return cost[n];\n    int a = cost[1], b = cost[2];\n    for (int i = 3; i <= n; i++) {\n        int tmp = b;\n        b = Math.Min(a, tmp) + cost[i];\n        a = tmp;\n    }\n    return b;\n}\n
    min_cost_climbing_stairs_dp.go
    /* \u722c\u697c\u68af\u6700\u5c0f\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunc minCostClimbingStairsDPComp(cost []int) int {\n    n := len(cost) - 1\n    if n == 1 || n == 2 {\n        return cost[n]\n    }\n    min := func(a, b int) int {\n        if a < b {\n            return a\n        }\n        return b\n    }\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u9884\u8bbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n    a, b := cost[1], cost[2]\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\n    for i := 3; i <= n; i++ {\n        tmp := b\n        b = min(a, tmp) + cost[i]\n        a = tmp\n    }\n    return b\n}\n
    min_cost_climbing_stairs_dp.swift
    /* \u722c\u697c\u68af\u6700\u5c0f\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunc minCostClimbingStairsDPComp(cost: [Int]) -> Int {\n    let n = cost.count - 1\n    if n == 1 || n == 2 {\n        return cost[n]\n    }\n    var (a, b) = (cost[1], cost[2])\n    for i in stride(from: 3, through: n, by: 1) {\n        (a, b) = (b, min(a, b) + cost[i])\n    }\n    return b\n}\n
    min_cost_climbing_stairs_dp.js
    /* \u722c\u697c\u68af\u6700\u5c0f\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunction minCostClimbingStairsDPComp(cost) {\n    const n = cost.length - 1;\n    if (n === 1 || n === 2) {\n        return cost[n];\n    }\n    let a = cost[1],\n        b = cost[2];\n    for (let i = 3; i <= n; i++) {\n        const tmp = b;\n        b = Math.min(a, tmp) + cost[i];\n        a = tmp;\n    }\n    return b;\n}\n
    min_cost_climbing_stairs_dp.ts
    /* \u722c\u697c\u68af\u6700\u5c0f\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunction minCostClimbingStairsDPComp(cost: Array<number>): number {\n    const n = cost.length - 1;\n    if (n === 1 || n === 2) {\n        return cost[n];\n    }\n    let a = cost[1],\n        b = cost[2];\n    for (let i = 3; i <= n; i++) {\n        const tmp = b;\n        b = Math.min(a, tmp) + cost[i];\n        a = tmp;\n    }\n    return b;\n}\n
    min_cost_climbing_stairs_dp.dart
    /* \u722c\u697c\u68af\u6700\u5c0f\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint minCostClimbingStairsDPComp(List<int> cost) {\n  int n = cost.length - 1;\n  if (n == 1 || n == 2) return cost[n];\n  int a = cost[1], b = cost[2];\n  for (int i = 3; i <= n; i++) {\n    int tmp = b;\n    b = min(a, tmp) + cost[i];\n    a = tmp;\n  }\n  return b;\n}\n
    min_cost_climbing_stairs_dp.rs
    /* \u722c\u697c\u68af\u6700\u5c0f\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfn min_cost_climbing_stairs_dp_comp(cost: &[i32]) -> i32 {\n    let n = cost.len() - 1;\n    if n == 1 || n == 2 { return cost[n] };\n    let (mut a, mut b) = (cost[1], cost[2]);\n    for i in 3..=n {\n        let tmp = b;\n        b = cmp::min(a, tmp) + cost[i];\n        a = tmp;\n    }\n    b\n}\n
    min_cost_climbing_stairs_dp.c
    /* \u722c\u697c\u68af\u6700\u5c0f\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint minCostClimbingStairsDPComp(int cost[], int costSize) {\n    int n = costSize - 1;\n    if (n == 1 || n == 2)\n        return cost[n];\n    int a = cost[1], b = cost[2];\n    for (int i = 3; i <= n; i++) {\n        int tmp = b;\n        b = myMin(a, tmp) + cost[i];\n        a = tmp;\n    }\n    return b;\n}\n
    min_cost_climbing_stairs_dp.zig
    // \u722c\u697c\u68af\u6700\u5c0f\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\nfn minCostClimbingStairsDPComp(cost: []i32) i32 {\n    var n = cost.len - 1;\n    if (n == 1 or n == 2) {\n        return cost[n];\n    }\n    var a = cost[1];\n    var b = cost[2];\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\n    for (3..n + 1) |i| {\n        var tmp = b;\n        b = @min(a, tmp) + cost[i];\n        a = tmp;\n    }\n    return b;\n}\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/dp_problem_features/#1422","title":"14.2.2 \u00a0 \u65e0\u540e\u6548\u6027","text":"

    \u65e0\u540e\u6548\u6027\u662f\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u80fd\u591f\u6709\u6548\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7279\u6027\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5176\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\uff1a\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u672a\u6765\u53d1\u5c55\u53ea\u4e0e\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u800c\u4e0e\u8fc7\u53bb\u7ecf\u5386\u7684\u6240\u6709\u72b6\u6001\u65e0\u5173\u3002

    \u4ee5\u722c\u697c\u68af\u95ee\u9898\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u7ed9\u5b9a\u72b6\u6001 \\(i\\) \uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u53d1\u5c55\u51fa\u72b6\u6001 \\(i+1\\) \u548c\u72b6\u6001 \\(i+2\\) \uff0c\u5206\u522b\u5bf9\u5e94\u8df3 \\(1\\) \u6b65\u548c\u8df3 \\(2\\) \u6b65\u3002\u5728\u505a\u51fa\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u9009\u62e9\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u987b\u8003\u8651\u72b6\u6001 \\(i\\) \u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5bf9\u72b6\u6001 \\(i\\) \u7684\u672a\u6765\u6ca1\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\u3002

    \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u7ed9\u722c\u697c\u68af\u95ee\u9898\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ea6\u675f\uff0c\u60c5\u51b5\u5c31\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u4e86\u3002

    \u5e26\u7ea6\u675f\u722c\u697c\u68af

    \u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5171\u6709 \\(n\\) \u9636\u7684\u697c\u68af\uff0c\u4f60\u6bcf\u6b65\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0a \\(1\\) \u9636\u6216\u8005 \\(2\\) \u9636\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u80fd\u8fde\u7eed\u4e24\u8f6e\u8df3 \\(1\\) \u9636\uff0c\u8bf7\u95ee\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u53ef\u4ee5\u722c\u5230\u697c\u9876\uff1f

    \u5982\u56fe 14-8 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u722c\u4e0a\u7b2c \\(3\\) \u9636\u4ec5\u5269 \\(2\\) \u79cd\u53ef\u884c\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u8fde\u7eed\u4e09\u6b21\u8df3 \\(1\\) \u9636\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u4e0d\u6ee1\u8db3\u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u88ab\u820d\u5f03\u3002

    \u56fe 14-8 \u00a0 \u5e26\u7ea6\u675f\u722c\u5230\u7b2c 3 \u9636\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u91cf

    \u5728\u8be5\u95ee\u9898\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0a\u4e00\u8f6e\u662f\u8df3 \\(1\\) \u9636\u4e0a\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u8df3 \\(2\\) \u9636\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\uff0c\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\u9009\u62e9\u4e0d\u80fd\u7531\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5f53\u524d\u6240\u5728\u697c\u68af\u9636\u6570\uff09\u72ec\u7acb\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u8fd8\u548c\u524d\u4e00\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\uff08\u4e0a\u4e00\u8f6e\u6240\u5728\u697c\u68af\u9636\u6570\uff09\u6709\u5173\u3002

    \u4e0d\u96be\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u6b64\u95ee\u9898\u5df2\u4e0d\u6ee1\u8db3\u65e0\u540e\u6548\u6027\uff0c\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u65b9\u7a0b \\(dp[i] = dp[i-1] + dp[i-2]\\) \u4e5f\u5931\u6548\u4e86\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a \\(dp[i-1]\\) \u4ee3\u8868\u672c\u8f6e\u8df3 \\(1\\) \u9636\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u201c\u4e0a\u4e00\u8f6e\u662f\u8df3 \\(1\\) \u9636\u4e0a\u6765\u7684\u201d\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u800c\u4e3a\u4e86\u6ee1\u8db3\u7ea6\u675f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u5c06 \\(dp[i-1]\\) \u76f4\u63a5\u8ba1\u5165 \\(dp[i]\\) \u4e2d\u3002

    \u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u6269\u5c55\u72b6\u6001\u5b9a\u4e49\uff1a\u72b6\u6001 \\([i, j]\\) \u8868\u793a\u5904\u5728\u7b2c \\(i\\) \u9636\u5e76\u4e14\u4e0a\u4e00\u8f6e\u8df3\u4e86 \\(j\\) \u9636\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d \\(j \\in \\{1, 2\\}\\) \u3002\u6b64\u72b6\u6001\u5b9a\u4e49\u6709\u6548\u5730\u533a\u5206\u4e86\u4e0a\u4e00\u8f6e\u8df3\u4e86 \\(1\\) \u9636\u8fd8\u662f \\(2\\) \u9636\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u636e\u6b64\u5224\u65ad\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u662f\u4ece\u4f55\u800c\u6765\u7684\u3002

    • \u5f53\u4e0a\u4e00\u8f6e\u8df3\u4e86 \\(1\\) \u9636\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0a\u4e0a\u4e00\u8f6e\u53ea\u80fd\u9009\u62e9\u8df3 \\(2\\) \u9636\uff0c\u5373 \\(dp[i, 1]\\) \u53ea\u80fd\u4ece \\(dp[i-1, 2]\\) \u8f6c\u79fb\u8fc7\u6765\u3002
    • \u5f53\u4e0a\u4e00\u8f6e\u8df3\u4e86 \\(2\\) \u9636\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0a\u4e0a\u4e00\u8f6e\u53ef\u9009\u62e9\u8df3 \\(1\\) \u9636\u6216\u8df3 \\(2\\) \u9636\uff0c\u5373 \\(dp[i, 2]\\) \u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece \\(dp[i-2, 1]\\) \u6216 \\(dp[i-2, 2]\\) \u8f6c\u79fb\u8fc7\u6765\u3002

    \u5982\u56fe 14-9 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5728\u8be5\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e0b\uff0c\\(dp[i, j]\\) \u8868\u793a\u72b6\u6001 \\([i, j]\\) \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u65b9\u7a0b\u4e3a\uff1a

    \\[ \\begin{cases} dp[i, 1] = dp[i-1, 2] \\\\ dp[i, 2] = dp[i-2, 1] + dp[i-2, 2] \\end{cases} \\]

    \u56fe 14-9 \u00a0 \u8003\u8651\u7ea6\u675f\u4e0b\u7684\u9012\u63a8\u5173\u7cfb

    \u6700\u7ec8\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de \\(dp[n, 1] + dp[n, 2]\\) \u5373\u53ef\uff0c\u4e24\u8005\u4e4b\u548c\u4ee3\u8868\u722c\u5230\u7b2c \\(n\\) \u9636\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u603b\u6570\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig climbing_stairs_constraint_dp.py
    def climbing_stairs_constraint_dp(n: int) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u5e26\u7ea6\u675f\u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\"\"\"\n    if n == 1 or n == 2:\n        return 1\n    # \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n    dp = [[0] * 3 for _ in range(n + 1)]\n    # \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u9884\u8bbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n    dp[1][1], dp[1][2] = 1, 0\n    dp[2][1], dp[2][2] = 0, 1\n    # \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\n    for i in range(3, n + 1):\n        dp[i][1] = dp[i - 1][2]\n        dp[i][2] = dp[i - 2][1] + dp[i - 2][2]\n    return dp[n][1] + dp[n][2]\n
    climbing_stairs_constraint_dp.cpp
    /* \u5e26\u7ea6\u675f\u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint climbingStairsConstraintDP(int n) {\n    if (n == 1 || n == 2) {\n        return 1;\n    }\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n    vector<vector<int>> dp(n + 1, vector<int>(3, 0));\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u9884\u8bbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n    dp[1][1] = 1;\n    dp[1][2] = 0;\n    dp[2][1] = 0;\n    dp[2][2] = 1;\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\n    for (int i = 3; i <= n; i++) {\n        dp[i][1] = dp[i - 1][2];\n        dp[i][2] = dp[i - 2][1] + dp[i - 2][2];\n    }\n    return dp[n][1] + dp[n][2];\n}\n
    climbing_stairs_constraint_dp.java
    /* \u5e26\u7ea6\u675f\u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint climbingStairsConstraintDP(int n) {\n    if (n == 1 || n == 2) {\n        return 1;\n    }\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n    int[][] dp = new int[n + 1][3];\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u9884\u8bbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n    dp[1][1] = 1;\n    dp[1][2] = 0;\n    dp[2][1] = 0;\n    dp[2][2] = 1;\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\n    for (int i = 3; i <= n; i++) {\n        dp[i][1] = dp[i - 1][2];\n        dp[i][2] = dp[i - 2][1] + dp[i - 2][2];\n    }\n    return dp[n][1] + dp[n][2];\n}\n
    climbing_stairs_constraint_dp.cs
    /* \u5e26\u7ea6\u675f\u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint ClimbingStairsConstraintDP(int n) {\n    if (n == 1 || n == 2) {\n        return 1;\n    }\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n    int[,] dp = new int[n + 1, 3];\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u9884\u8bbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n    dp[1, 1] = 1;\n    dp[1, 2] = 0;\n    dp[2, 1] = 0;\n    dp[2, 2] = 1;\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\n    for (int i = 3; i <= n; i++) {\n        dp[i, 1] = dp[i - 1, 2];\n        dp[i, 2] = dp[i - 2, 1] + dp[i - 2, 2];\n    }\n    return dp[n, 1] + dp[n, 2];\n}\n
    climbing_stairs_constraint_dp.go
    /* \u5e26\u7ea6\u675f\u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunc climbingStairsConstraintDP(n int) int {\n    if n == 1 || n == 2 {\n        return 1\n    }\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n    dp := make([][3]int, n+1)\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u9884\u8bbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n    dp[1][1] = 1\n    dp[1][2] = 0\n    dp[2][1] = 0\n    dp[2][2] = 1\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\n    for i := 3; i <= n; i++ {\n        dp[i][1] = dp[i-1][2]\n        dp[i][2] = dp[i-2][1] + dp[i-2][2]\n    }\n    return dp[n][1] + dp[n][2]\n}\n
    climbing_stairs_constraint_dp.swift
    /* \u5e26\u7ea6\u675f\u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunc climbingStairsConstraintDP(n: Int) -> Int {\n    if n == 1 || n == 2 {\n        return 1\n    }\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n    var dp = Array(repeating: Array(repeating: 0, count: 3), count: n + 1)\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u9884\u8bbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n    dp[1][1] = 1\n    dp[1][2] = 0\n    dp[2][1] = 0\n    dp[2][2] = 1\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\n    for i in stride(from: 3, through: n, by: 1) {\n        dp[i][1] = dp[i - 1][2]\n        dp[i][2] = dp[i - 2][1] + dp[i - 2][2]\n    }\n    return dp[n][1] + dp[n][2]\n}\n
    climbing_stairs_constraint_dp.js
    /* \u5e26\u7ea6\u675f\u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunction climbingStairsConstraintDP(n) {\n    if (n === 1 || n === 2) {\n        return 1;\n    }\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n    const dp = Array.from(new Array(n + 1), () => new Array(3));\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u9884\u8bbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n    dp[1][1] = 1;\n    dp[1][2] = 0;\n    dp[2][1] = 0;\n    dp[2][2] = 1;\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\n    for (let i = 3; i <= n; i++) {\n        dp[i][1] = dp[i - 1][2];\n        dp[i][2] = dp[i - 2][1] + dp[i - 2][2];\n    }\n    return dp[n][1] + dp[n][2];\n}\n
    climbing_stairs_constraint_dp.ts
    /* \u5e26\u7ea6\u675f\u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunction climbingStairsConstraintDP(n: number): number {\n    if (n === 1 || n === 2) {\n        return 1;\n    }\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n    const dp = Array.from({ length: n + 1 }, () => new Array(3));\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u9884\u8bbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n    dp[1][1] = 1;\n    dp[1][2] = 0;\n    dp[2][1] = 0;\n    dp[2][2] = 1;\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\n    for (let i = 3; i <= n; i++) {\n        dp[i][1] = dp[i - 1][2];\n        dp[i][2] = dp[i - 2][1] + dp[i - 2][2];\n    }\n    return dp[n][1] + dp[n][2];\n}\n
    climbing_stairs_constraint_dp.dart
    /* \u5e26\u7ea6\u675f\u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint climbingStairsConstraintDP(int n) {\n  if (n == 1 || n == 2) {\n    return 1;\n  }\n  // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n  List<List<int>> dp = List.generate(n + 1, (index) => List.filled(3, 0));\n  // \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u9884\u8bbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n  dp[1][1] = 1;\n  dp[1][2] = 0;\n  dp[2][1] = 0;\n  dp[2][2] = 1;\n  // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\n  for (int i = 3; i <= n; i++) {\n    dp[i][1] = dp[i - 1][2];\n    dp[i][2] = dp[i - 2][1] + dp[i - 2][2];\n  }\n  return dp[n][1] + dp[n][2];\n}\n
    climbing_stairs_constraint_dp.rs
    /* \u5e26\u7ea6\u675f\u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfn climbing_stairs_constraint_dp(n: usize) -> i32 {\n    if n == 1 || n == 2 { return 1 };\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n    let mut dp = vec![vec![-1; 3]; n + 1];\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u9884\u8bbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n    dp[1][1] = 1;\n    dp[1][2] = 0;\n    dp[2][1] = 0;\n    dp[2][2] = 1;\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\n    for i in 3..=n {\n        dp[i][1] = dp[i - 1][2];\n        dp[i][2] = dp[i - 2][1] + dp[i - 2][2];\n    }\n    dp[n][1] + dp[n][2]\n}\n
    climbing_stairs_constraint_dp.c
    /* \u5e26\u7ea6\u675f\u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint climbingStairsConstraintDP(int n) {\n    if (n == 1 || n == 2) {\n        return 1;\n    }\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n    int **dp = malloc((n + 1) * sizeof(int *));\n    for (int i = 0; i <= n; i++) {\n        dp[i] = calloc(3, sizeof(int));\n    }\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u9884\u8bbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n    dp[1][1] = 1;\n    dp[1][2] = 0;\n    dp[2][1] = 0;\n    dp[2][2] = 1;\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\n    for (int i = 3; i <= n; i++) {\n        dp[i][1] = dp[i - 1][2];\n        dp[i][2] = dp[i - 2][1] + dp[i - 2][2];\n    }\n    int res = dp[n][1] + dp[n][2];\n    // \u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\n    for (int i = 0; i <= n; i++) {\n        free(dp[i]);\n    }\n    free(dp);\n    return res;\n}\n
    climbing_stairs_constraint_dp.zig
    // \u5e26\u7ea6\u675f\u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\nfn climbingStairsConstraintDP(comptime n: usize) i32 {\n    if (n == 1 or n == 2) {\n        return 1;\n    }\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n    var dp = [_][3]i32{ [_]i32{ -1, -1, -1 } } ** (n + 1);\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u9884\u8bbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n    dp[1][1] = 1;\n    dp[1][2] = 0;\n    dp[2][1] = 0;\n    dp[2][2] = 1;\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\n    for (3..n + 1) |i| {\n        dp[i][1] = dp[i - 1][2];\n        dp[i][2] = dp[i - 2][1] + dp[i - 2][2];\n    }\n    return dp[n][1] + dp[n][2];\n}\n

    \u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u4ec5\u9700\u591a\u8003\u8651\u524d\u9762\u4e00\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6269\u5c55\u72b6\u6001\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u95ee\u9898\u91cd\u65b0\u6ee1\u8db3\u65e0\u540e\u6548\u6027\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u67d0\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u5177\u6709\u975e\u5e38\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u201c\u6709\u540e\u6548\u6027\u201d\u3002

    \u722c\u697c\u68af\u4e0e\u969c\u788d\u751f\u6210

    \u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5171\u6709 \\(n\\) \u9636\u7684\u697c\u68af\uff0c\u4f60\u6bcf\u6b65\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0a \\(1\\) \u9636\u6216\u8005 \\(2\\) \u9636\u3002\u89c4\u5b9a\u5f53\u722c\u5230\u7b2c \\(i\\) \u9636\u65f6\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u81ea\u52a8\u4f1a\u5728\u7b2c \\(2i\\) \u9636\u4e0a\u653e\u4e0a\u969c\u788d\u7269\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e\u6240\u6709\u8f6e\u90fd\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u8df3\u5230\u7b2c \\(2i\\) \u9636\u4e0a\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u524d\u4e24\u8f6e\u5206\u522b\u8df3\u5230\u4e86\u7b2c \\(2\\)\u3001\\(3\\) \u9636\u4e0a\uff0c\u5219\u4e4b\u540e\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u8df3\u5230\u7b2c \\(4\\)\u3001\\(6\\) \u9636\u4e0a\u3002\u8bf7\u95ee\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u53ef\u4ee5\u722c\u5230\u697c\u9876\uff1f

    \u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0b\u6b21\u8df3\u8dc3\u4f9d\u8d56\u8fc7\u53bb\u6240\u6709\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u8df3\u8dc3\u90fd\u4f1a\u5728\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u9636\u68af\u4e0a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u969c\u788d\uff0c\u5e76\u5f71\u54cd\u672a\u6765\u7684\u8df3\u8dc3\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u7c7b\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u5f80\u5f80\u96be\u4ee5\u89e3\u51b3\u3002

    \u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u4f18\u5316\u95ee\u9898\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u65c5\u884c\u5546\u95ee\u9898\uff09\u4e0d\u6ee1\u8db3\u65e0\u540e\u6548\u6027\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u7c7b\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u9009\u62e9\u4f7f\u7528\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u542f\u53d1\u5f0f\u641c\u7d22\u3001\u9057\u4f20\u7b97\u6cd5\u3001\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\u7b49\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5728\u6709\u9650\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u5f97\u5230\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u5c40\u90e8\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/dp_solution_pipeline/","title":"14.3 \u00a0 \u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u89e3\u9898\u601d\u8def","text":"

    \u4e0a\u4e24\u8282\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u8d77\u63a2\u7a76\u4e24\u4e2a\u66f4\u52a0\u5b9e\u7528\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002

    1. \u5982\u4f55\u5224\u65ad\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u95ee\u9898\uff1f
    2. \u6c42\u89e3\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u95ee\u9898\u8be5\u4ece\u4f55\u5904\u5165\u624b\uff0c\u5b8c\u6574\u6b65\u9aa4\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f
    "},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/dp_solution_pipeline/#1431","title":"14.3.1 \u00a0 \u95ee\u9898\u5224\u65ad","text":"

    \u603b\u7684\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u5305\u542b\u91cd\u53e0\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u3001\u6700\u4f18\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5e76\u6ee1\u8db3\u65e0\u540e\u6548\u6027\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5b83\u901a\u5e38\u9002\u5408\u7528\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u6c42\u89e3\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5f88\u96be\u4ece\u95ee\u9898\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e2d\u76f4\u63a5\u63d0\u53d6\u51fa\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7279\u6027\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u653e\u5bbd\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u5148\u89c2\u5bdf\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u5426\u9002\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u56de\u6eaf\uff08\u7a77\u4e3e\uff09\u89e3\u51b3\u3002

    \u9002\u5408\u7528\u56de\u6eaf\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u901a\u5e38\u6ee1\u8db3\u201c\u51b3\u7b56\u6811\u6a21\u578b\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u95ee\u9898\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u6811\u5f62\u7ed3\u6784\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u4ee3\u8868\u4e00\u4e2a\u51b3\u7b56\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u6761\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u8868\u4e00\u4e2a\u51b3\u7b56\u5e8f\u5217\u3002

    \u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u95ee\u9898\u5305\u542b\u660e\u786e\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u89e3\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u51b3\u7b56\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5b83\u5c31\u6ee1\u8db3\u51b3\u7b56\u6811\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u56de\u6eaf\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u3002

    \u5728\u6b64\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u95ee\u9898\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u5224\u65ad\u7684\u201c\u52a0\u5206\u9879\u201d\u3002

    • \u95ee\u9898\u5305\u542b\u6700\u5927\uff08\u5c0f\uff09\u6216\u6700\u591a\uff08\u5c11\uff09\u7b49\u6700\u4f18\u5316\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002
    • \u95ee\u9898\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u80fd\u591f\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u5217\u8868\u3001\u591a\u7ef4\u77e9\u9635\u6216\u6811\u6765\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e00\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u4e0e\u5176\u5468\u56f4\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u5b58\u5728\u9012\u63a8\u5173\u7cfb\u3002

    \u76f8\u5e94\u5730\uff0c\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u201c\u51cf\u5206\u9879\u201d\u3002

    • \u95ee\u9898\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u627e\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u627e\u51fa\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u3002
    • \u95ee\u9898\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e2d\u6709\u660e\u663e\u7684\u6392\u5217\u7ec4\u5408\u7684\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u8fd4\u56de\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u591a\u4e2a\u65b9\u6848\u3002

    \u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u6ee1\u8db3\u51b3\u7b56\u6811\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5e76\u5177\u6709\u8f83\u4e3a\u660e\u663e\u7684\u201c\u52a0\u5206\u9879\u201d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5047\u8bbe\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u6c42\u89e3\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5b83\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/dp_solution_pipeline/#1432","title":"14.3.2 \u00a0 \u95ee\u9898\u6c42\u89e3\u6b65\u9aa4","text":"

    \u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u7684\u89e3\u9898\u6d41\u7a0b\u4f1a\u56e0\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u548c\u96be\u5ea6\u800c\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u901a\u5e38\u9075\u5faa\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1a\u63cf\u8ff0\u51b3\u7b56\uff0c\u5b9a\u4e49\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb \\(dp\\) \u8868\uff0c\u63a8\u5bfc\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u65b9\u7a0b\uff0c\u786e\u5b9a\u8fb9\u754c\u6761\u4ef6\u7b49\u3002

    \u4e3a\u4e86\u66f4\u5f62\u8c61\u5730\u5c55\u793a\u89e3\u9898\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ecf\u5178\u95ee\u9898\u201c\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\u201d\u6765\u4e3e\u4f8b\u3002

    Question

    \u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a \\(n \\times m\\) \u7684\u4e8c\u7ef4\u7f51\u683c grid \uff0c\u7f51\u683c\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5355\u5143\u683c\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u8d1f\u6574\u6570\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u8be5\u5355\u5143\u683c\u7684\u4ee3\u4ef7\u3002\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u4ee5\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5355\u5143\u683c\u4e3a\u8d77\u59cb\u70b9\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u53ea\u80fd\u5411\u4e0b\u6216\u8005\u5411\u53f3\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u5230\u8fbe\u53f3\u4e0b\u89d2\u5355\u5143\u683c\u3002\u8bf7\u8fd4\u56de\u4ece\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230\u53f3\u4e0b\u89d2\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\u3002

    \u56fe 14-10 \u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7f51\u683c\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\u4e3a \\(13\\) \u3002

    \u56fe 14-10 \u00a0 \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\u793a\u4f8b\u6570\u636e

    \u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\uff1a\u601d\u8003\u6bcf\u8f6e\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\uff0c\u5b9a\u4e49\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f97\u5230 \\(dp\\) \u8868

    \u672c\u9898\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u8f6e\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u5c31\u662f\u4ece\u5f53\u524d\u683c\u5b50\u5411\u4e0b\u6216\u5411\u53f3\u8d70\u4e00\u6b65\u3002\u8bbe\u5f53\u524d\u683c\u5b50\u7684\u884c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a \\([i, j]\\) \uff0c\u5219\u5411\u4e0b\u6216\u5411\u53f3\u8d70\u4e00\u6b65\u540e\uff0c\u7d22\u5f15\u53d8\u4e3a \\([i+1, j]\\) \u6216 \\([i, j+1]\\) \u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u72b6\u6001\u5e94\u5305\u542b\u884c\u7d22\u5f15\u548c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u4e24\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a \\([i, j]\\) \u3002

    \u72b6\u6001 \\([i, j]\\) \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u4e3a\uff1a\u4ece\u8d77\u59cb\u70b9 \\([0, 0]\\) \u8d70\u5230 \\([i, j]\\) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff0c\u89e3\u8bb0\u4e3a \\(dp[i, j]\\) \u3002

    \u81f3\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u56fe 14-11 \u6240\u793a\u7684\u4e8c\u7ef4 \\(dp\\) \u77e9\u9635\uff0c\u5176\u5c3a\u5bf8\u4e0e\u8f93\u5165\u7f51\u683c \\(grid\\) \u76f8\u540c\u3002

    \u56fe 14-11 \u00a0 \u72b6\u6001\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e0e dp \u8868

    Note

    \u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u548c\u56de\u6eaf\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u51b3\u7b56\u5e8f\u5217\uff0c\u800c\u72b6\u6001\u7531\u6240\u6709\u51b3\u7b56\u53d8\u91cf\u6784\u6210\u3002\u5b83\u5e94\u5f53\u5305\u542b\u63cf\u8ff0\u89e3\u9898\u8fdb\u5ea6\u7684\u6240\u6709\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u5176\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u7528\u6765\u63a8\u5bfc\u51fa\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u3002

    \u6bcf\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u90fd\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a \\(dp\\) \u8868\u6765\u5b58\u50a8\u6240\u6709\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\uff0c\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u53d8\u91cf\u90fd\u662f \\(dp\\) \u8868\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ef4\u5ea6\u3002\u4ece\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c\\(dp\\) \u8868\u662f\u72b6\u6001\u548c\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6620\u5c04\u3002

    \u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b65\uff1a\u627e\u51fa\u6700\u4f18\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u63a8\u5bfc\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u65b9\u7a0b

    \u5bf9\u4e8e\u72b6\u6001 \\([i, j]\\) \uff0c\u5b83\u53ea\u80fd\u4ece\u4e0a\u8fb9\u683c\u5b50 \\([i-1, j]\\) \u548c\u5de6\u8fb9\u683c\u5b50 \\([i, j-1]\\) \u8f6c\u79fb\u800c\u6765\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u6700\u4f18\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u4e3a\uff1a\u5230\u8fbe \\([i, j]\\) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\u7531 \\([i, j-1]\\) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\u4e0e \\([i-1, j]\\) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\u4e2d\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u4e2a\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002

    \u6839\u636e\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u53ef\u63a8\u51fa\u56fe 14-12 \u6240\u793a\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u65b9\u7a0b\uff1a

    \\[ dp[i, j] = \\min(dp[i-1, j], dp[i, j-1]) + grid[i, j] \\]

    \u56fe 14-12 \u00a0 \u6700\u4f18\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u65b9\u7a0b

    Note

    \u6839\u636e\u5b9a\u4e49\u597d\u7684 \\(dp\\) \u8868\uff0c\u601d\u8003\u539f\u95ee\u9898\u548c\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u627e\u51fa\u901a\u8fc7\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u6765\u6784\u9020\u539f\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5373\u6700\u4f18\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u3002

    \u4e00\u65e6\u6211\u4eec\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u6700\u4f18\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\u6765\u6784\u5efa\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u65b9\u7a0b\u3002

    \u7b2c\u4e09\u6b65\uff1a\u786e\u5b9a\u8fb9\u754c\u6761\u4ef6\u548c\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u987a\u5e8f

    \u5728\u672c\u9898\u4e2d\uff0c\u5904\u5728\u9996\u884c\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u53ea\u80fd\u4ece\u5176\u5de6\u8fb9\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u5f97\u6765\uff0c\u5904\u5728\u9996\u5217\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u53ea\u80fd\u4ece\u5176\u4e0a\u8fb9\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u5f97\u6765\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9996\u884c \\(i = 0\\) \u548c\u9996\u5217 \\(j = 0\\) \u662f\u8fb9\u754c\u6761\u4ef6\u3002

    \u5982\u56fe 14-13 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u683c\u5b50\u662f\u7531\u5176\u5de6\u65b9\u683c\u5b50\u548c\u4e0a\u65b9\u683c\u5b50\u8f6c\u79fb\u800c\u6765\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u5faa\u73af\u6765\u904d\u5386\u77e9\u9635\uff0c\u5916\u5faa\u73af\u904d\u5386\u5404\u884c\uff0c\u5185\u5faa\u73af\u904d\u5386\u5404\u5217\u3002

    \u56fe 14-13 \u00a0 \u8fb9\u754c\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0e\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u987a\u5e8f

    Note

    \u8fb9\u754c\u6761\u4ef6\u5728\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u4e2d\u7528\u4e8e\u521d\u59cb\u5316 \\(dp\\) \u8868\uff0c\u5728\u641c\u7d22\u4e2d\u7528\u4e8e\u526a\u679d\u3002

    \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u987a\u5e8f\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u662f\u8981\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u5f53\u524d\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u65f6\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u5b83\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u66f4\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u90fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u6b63\u786e\u5730\u8ba1\u7b97\u51fa\u6765\u3002

    \u6839\u636e\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u5199\u51fa\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u4ee3\u7801\u3002\u7136\u800c\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u5206\u89e3\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u7684\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6309\u7167\u201c\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22 \\(\\rightarrow\\) \u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 \\(\\rightarrow\\) \u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u201d\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u5b9e\u73b0\u66f4\u52a0\u7b26\u5408\u601d\u7ef4\u4e60\u60ef\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/dp_solution_pipeline/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e00\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22","text":"

    \u4ece\u72b6\u6001 \\([i, j]\\) \u5f00\u59cb\u641c\u7d22\uff0c\u4e0d\u65ad\u5206\u89e3\u4e3a\u66f4\u5c0f\u7684\u72b6\u6001 \\([i-1, j]\\) \u548c \\([i, j-1]\\) \uff0c\u9012\u5f52\u51fd\u6570\u5305\u62ec\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8981\u7d20\u3002

    • \u9012\u5f52\u53c2\u6570\uff1a\u72b6\u6001 \\([i, j]\\) \u3002
    • \u8fd4\u56de\u503c\uff1a\u4ece \\([0, 0]\\) \u5230 \\([i, j]\\) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c \\(dp[i, j]\\) \u3002
    • \u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6\uff1a\u5f53 \\(i = 0\\) \u4e14 \\(j = 0\\) \u65f6\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4ee3\u4ef7 \\(grid[0, 0]\\) \u3002
    • \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u5f53 \\(i < 0\\) \u65f6\u6216 \\(j < 0\\) \u65f6\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u8fd4\u56de\u4ee3\u4ef7 \\(+\\infty\\) \uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u4e0d\u53ef\u884c\u3002

    \u5b9e\u73b0\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig min_path_sum.py
    def min_path_sum_dfs(grid: list[list[int]], i: int, j: int) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22\"\"\"\n    # \u82e5\u4e3a\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5355\u5143\u683c\uff0c\u5219\u7ec8\u6b62\u641c\u7d22\n    if i == 0 and j == 0:\n        return grid[0][0]\n    # \u82e5\u884c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de +\u221e \u4ee3\u4ef7\n    if i < 0 or j < 0:\n        return inf\n    # \u8ba1\u7b97\u4ece\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230 (i-1, j) \u548c (i, j-1) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\n    up = min_path_sum_dfs(grid, i - 1, j)\n    left = min_path_sum_dfs(grid, i, j - 1)\n    # \u8fd4\u56de\u4ece\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230 (i, j) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\n    return min(left, up) + grid[i][j]\n
    min_path_sum.cpp
    /* \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22 */\nint minPathSumDFS(vector<vector<int>> &grid, int i, int j) {\n    // \u82e5\u4e3a\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5355\u5143\u683c\uff0c\u5219\u7ec8\u6b62\u641c\u7d22\n    if (i == 0 && j == 0) {\n        return grid[0][0];\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u884c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de +\u221e \u4ee3\u4ef7\n    if (i < 0 || j < 0) {\n        return INT_MAX;\n    }\n    // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4ece\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230 (i-1, j) \u548c (i, j-1) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\n    int up = minPathSumDFS(grid, i - 1, j);\n    int left = minPathSumDFS(grid, i, j - 1);\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u4ece\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230 (i, j) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\n    return min(left, up) != INT_MAX ? min(left, up) + grid[i][j] : INT_MAX;\n}\n
    min_path_sum.java
    /* \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22 */\nint minPathSumDFS(int[][] grid, int i, int j) {\n    // \u82e5\u4e3a\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5355\u5143\u683c\uff0c\u5219\u7ec8\u6b62\u641c\u7d22\n    if (i == 0 && j == 0) {\n        return grid[0][0];\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u884c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de +\u221e \u4ee3\u4ef7\n    if (i < 0 || j < 0) {\n        return Integer.MAX_VALUE;\n    }\n    // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4ece\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230 (i-1, j) \u548c (i, j-1) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\n    int up = minPathSumDFS(grid, i - 1, j);\n    int left = minPathSumDFS(grid, i, j - 1);\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u4ece\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230 (i, j) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\n    return Math.min(left, up) + grid[i][j];\n}\n
    min_path_sum.cs
    /* \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22 */\nint MinPathSumDFS(int[][] grid, int i, int j) {\n    // \u82e5\u4e3a\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5355\u5143\u683c\uff0c\u5219\u7ec8\u6b62\u641c\u7d22\n    if (i == 0 && j == 0) {\n        return grid[0][0];\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u884c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de +\u221e \u4ee3\u4ef7\n    if (i < 0 || j < 0) {\n        return int.MaxValue;\n    }\n    // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4ece\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230 (i-1, j) \u548c (i, j-1) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\n    int up = MinPathSumDFS(grid, i - 1, j);\n    int left = MinPathSumDFS(grid, i, j - 1);\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u4ece\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230 (i, j) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\n    return Math.Min(left, up) + grid[i][j];\n}\n
    min_path_sum.go
    /* \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22 */\nfunc minPathSumDFS(grid [][]int, i, j int) int {\n    // \u82e5\u4e3a\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5355\u5143\u683c\uff0c\u5219\u7ec8\u6b62\u641c\u7d22\n    if i == 0 && j == 0 {\n        return grid[0][0]\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u884c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de +\u221e \u4ee3\u4ef7\n    if i < 0 || j < 0 {\n        return math.MaxInt\n    }\n    // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4ece\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230 (i-1, j) \u548c (i, j-1) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\n    up := minPathSumDFS(grid, i-1, j)\n    left := minPathSumDFS(grid, i, j-1)\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u4ece\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230 (i, j) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\n    return int(math.Min(float64(left), float64(up))) + grid[i][j]\n}\n
    min_path_sum.swift
    /* \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22 */\nfunc minPathSumDFS(grid: [[Int]], i: Int, j: Int) -> Int {\n    // \u82e5\u4e3a\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5355\u5143\u683c\uff0c\u5219\u7ec8\u6b62\u641c\u7d22\n    if i == 0, j == 0 {\n        return grid[0][0]\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u884c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de +\u221e \u4ee3\u4ef7\n    if i < 0 || j < 0 {\n        return .max\n    }\n    // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4ece\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230 (i-1, j) \u548c (i, j-1) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\n    let up = minPathSumDFS(grid: grid, i: i - 1, j: j)\n    let left = minPathSumDFS(grid: grid, i: i, j: j - 1)\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u4ece\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230 (i, j) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\n    return min(left, up) + grid[i][j]\n}\n
    min_path_sum.js
    /* \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22 */\nfunction minPathSumDFS(grid, i, j) {\n    // \u82e5\u4e3a\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5355\u5143\u683c\uff0c\u5219\u7ec8\u6b62\u641c\u7d22\n    if (i === 0 && j === 0) {\n        return grid[0][0];\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u884c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de +\u221e \u4ee3\u4ef7\n    if (i < 0 || j < 0) {\n        return Infinity;\n    }\n    // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4ece\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230 (i-1, j) \u548c (i, j-1) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\n    const up = minPathSumDFS(grid, i - 1, j);\n    const left = minPathSumDFS(grid, i, j - 1);\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u4ece\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230 (i, j) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\n    return Math.min(left, up) + grid[i][j];\n}\n
    min_path_sum.ts
    /* \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22 */\nfunction minPathSumDFS(\n    grid: Array<Array<number>>,\n    i: number,\n    j: number\n): number {\n    // \u82e5\u4e3a\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5355\u5143\u683c\uff0c\u5219\u7ec8\u6b62\u641c\u7d22\n    if (i === 0 && j == 0) {\n        return grid[0][0];\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u884c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de +\u221e \u4ee3\u4ef7\n    if (i < 0 || j < 0) {\n        return Infinity;\n    }\n    // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4ece\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230 (i-1, j) \u548c (i, j-1) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\n    const up = minPathSumDFS(grid, i - 1, j);\n    const left = minPathSumDFS(grid, i, j - 1);\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u4ece\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230 (i, j) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\n    return Math.min(left, up) + grid[i][j];\n}\n
    min_path_sum.dart
    /* \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22 */\nint minPathSumDFS(List<List<int>> grid, int i, int j) {\n  // \u82e5\u4e3a\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5355\u5143\u683c\uff0c\u5219\u7ec8\u6b62\u641c\u7d22\n  if (i == 0 && j == 0) {\n    return grid[0][0];\n  }\n  // \u82e5\u884c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de +\u221e \u4ee3\u4ef7\n  if (i < 0 || j < 0) {\n    // \u5728 Dart \u4e2d\uff0cint \u7c7b\u578b\u662f\u56fa\u5b9a\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u6574\u6570\uff0c\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u8868\u793a\u201c\u65e0\u7a77\u5927\u201d\u7684\u503c\n    return BigInt.from(2).pow(31).toInt();\n  }\n  // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4ece\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230 (i-1, j) \u548c (i, j-1) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\n  int up = minPathSumDFS(grid, i - 1, j);\n  int left = minPathSumDFS(grid, i, j - 1);\n  // \u8fd4\u56de\u4ece\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230 (i, j) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\n  return min(left, up) + grid[i][j];\n}\n
    min_path_sum.rs
    /* \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22 */\nfn min_path_sum_dfs(grid: &Vec<Vec<i32>>, i: i32, j: i32) -> i32 {\n    // \u82e5\u4e3a\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5355\u5143\u683c\uff0c\u5219\u7ec8\u6b62\u641c\u7d22\n    if i == 0 && j == 0 {\n        return grid[0][0];\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u884c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de +\u221e \u4ee3\u4ef7\n    if i < 0 || j < 0 {\n        return i32::MAX;\n    }\n    // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4ece\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230 (i-1, j) \u548c (i, j-1) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\n    let up = min_path_sum_dfs(grid, i - 1, j);\n    let left = min_path_sum_dfs(grid, i, j - 1);\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u4ece\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230 (i, j) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\n    std::cmp::min(left, up) + grid[i as usize][j as usize]\n}\n
    min_path_sum.c
    /* \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22 */\nint minPathSumDFS(int grid[MAX_SIZE][MAX_SIZE], int i, int j) {\n    // \u82e5\u4e3a\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5355\u5143\u683c\uff0c\u5219\u7ec8\u6b62\u641c\u7d22\n    if (i == 0 && j == 0) {\n        return grid[0][0];\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u884c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de +\u221e \u4ee3\u4ef7\n    if (i < 0 || j < 0) {\n        return INT_MAX;\n    }\n    // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4ece\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230 (i-1, j) \u548c (i, j-1) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\n    int up = minPathSumDFS(grid, i - 1, j);\n    int left = minPathSumDFS(grid, i, j - 1);\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u4ece\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230 (i, j) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\n    return myMin(left, up) != INT_MAX ? myMin(left, up) + grid[i][j] : INT_MAX;\n}\n
    min_path_sum.zig
    // \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22\nfn minPathSumDFS(grid: anytype, i: i32, j: i32) i32 {\n    // \u82e5\u4e3a\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5355\u5143\u683c\uff0c\u5219\u7ec8\u6b62\u641c\u7d22\n    if (i == 0 and j == 0) {\n        return grid[0][0];\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u884c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de +\u221e \u4ee3\u4ef7\n    if (i < 0 or j < 0) {\n        return std.math.maxInt(i32);\n    }\n    // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4ece\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230 (i-1, j) \u548c (i, j-1) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\n    var up = minPathSumDFS(grid, i - 1, j);\n    var left = minPathSumDFS(grid, i, j - 1);\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u4ece\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230 (i, j) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\n    return @min(left, up) + grid[@as(usize, @intCast(i))][@as(usize, @intCast(j))];\n}\n

    \u56fe 14-14 \u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u4ee5 \\(dp[2, 1]\\) \u4e3a\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u9012\u5f52\u6811\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e9b\u91cd\u53e0\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5176\u6570\u91cf\u4f1a\u968f\u7740\u7f51\u683c grid \u7684\u5c3a\u5bf8\u53d8\u5927\u800c\u6025\u5267\u589e\u591a\u3002

    \u4ece\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u91cd\u53e0\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u4e3a\uff1a\u5b58\u5728\u591a\u6761\u8def\u5f84\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230\u8fbe\u67d0\u4e00\u5355\u5143\u683c\u3002

    \u56fe 14-14 \u00a0 \u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22\u9012\u5f52\u6811

    \u6bcf\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u90fd\u6709\u5411\u4e0b\u548c\u5411\u53f3\u4e24\u79cd\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u4ece\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u8d70\u5230\u53f3\u4e0b\u89d2\u603b\u5171\u9700\u8981 \\(m + n - 2\\) \u6b65\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6700\u5dee\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(2^{m + n})\\) \u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u8ba1\u7b97\u65b9\u5f0f\u672a\u8003\u8651\u4e34\u8fd1\u7f51\u683c\u8fb9\u754c\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5f53\u5230\u8fbe\u7f51\u7edc\u8fb9\u754c\u65f6\u53ea\u5269\u4e0b\u4e00\u79cd\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u6570\u91cf\u4f1a\u5c11\u4e00\u4e9b\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/dp_solution_pipeline/#2","title":"2. \u00a0 \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e8c\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22","text":"

    \u6211\u4eec\u5f15\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u548c\u7f51\u683c grid \u76f8\u540c\u5c3a\u5bf8\u7684\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5217\u8868 mem \uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u5404\u4e2a\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u91cd\u53e0\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u8fdb\u884c\u526a\u679d\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig min_path_sum.py
    def min_path_sum_dfs_mem(\n    grid: list[list[int]], mem: list[list[int]], i: int, j: int\n) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22\"\"\"\n    # \u82e5\u4e3a\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5355\u5143\u683c\uff0c\u5219\u7ec8\u6b62\u641c\u7d22\n    if i == 0 and j == 0:\n        return grid[0][0]\n    # \u82e5\u884c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de +\u221e \u4ee3\u4ef7\n    if i < 0 or j < 0:\n        return inf\n    # \u82e5\u5df2\u6709\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n    if mem[i][j] != -1:\n        return mem[i][j]\n    # \u5de6\u8fb9\u548c\u4e0a\u8fb9\u5355\u5143\u683c\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\n    up = min_path_sum_dfs_mem(grid, mem, i - 1, j)\n    left = min_path_sum_dfs_mem(grid, mem, i, j - 1)\n    # \u8bb0\u5f55\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230 (i, j) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\n    mem[i][j] = min(left, up) + grid[i][j]\n    return mem[i][j]\n
    min_path_sum.cpp
    /* \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nint minPathSumDFSMem(vector<vector<int>> &grid, vector<vector<int>> &mem, int i, int j) {\n    // \u82e5\u4e3a\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5355\u5143\u683c\uff0c\u5219\u7ec8\u6b62\u641c\u7d22\n    if (i == 0 && j == 0) {\n        return grid[0][0];\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u884c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de +\u221e \u4ee3\u4ef7\n    if (i < 0 || j < 0) {\n        return INT_MAX;\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u5df2\u6709\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n    if (mem[i][j] != -1) {\n        return mem[i][j];\n    }\n    // \u5de6\u8fb9\u548c\u4e0a\u8fb9\u5355\u5143\u683c\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\n    int up = minPathSumDFSMem(grid, mem, i - 1, j);\n    int left = minPathSumDFSMem(grid, mem, i, j - 1);\n    // \u8bb0\u5f55\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230 (i, j) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\n    mem[i][j] = min(left, up) != INT_MAX ? min(left, up) + grid[i][j] : INT_MAX;\n    return mem[i][j];\n}\n
    min_path_sum.java
    /* \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nint minPathSumDFSMem(int[][] grid, int[][] mem, int i, int j) {\n    // \u82e5\u4e3a\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5355\u5143\u683c\uff0c\u5219\u7ec8\u6b62\u641c\u7d22\n    if (i == 0 && j == 0) {\n        return grid[0][0];\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u884c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de +\u221e \u4ee3\u4ef7\n    if (i < 0 || j < 0) {\n        return Integer.MAX_VALUE;\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u5df2\u6709\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n    if (mem[i][j] != -1) {\n        return mem[i][j];\n    }\n    // \u5de6\u8fb9\u548c\u4e0a\u8fb9\u5355\u5143\u683c\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\n    int up = minPathSumDFSMem(grid, mem, i - 1, j);\n    int left = minPathSumDFSMem(grid, mem, i, j - 1);\n    // \u8bb0\u5f55\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230 (i, j) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\n    mem[i][j] = Math.min(left, up) + grid[i][j];\n    return mem[i][j];\n}\n
    min_path_sum.cs
    /* \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nint MinPathSumDFSMem(int[][] grid, int[][] mem, int i, int j) {\n    // \u82e5\u4e3a\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5355\u5143\u683c\uff0c\u5219\u7ec8\u6b62\u641c\u7d22\n    if (i == 0 && j == 0) {\n        return grid[0][0];\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u884c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de +\u221e \u4ee3\u4ef7\n    if (i < 0 || j < 0) {\n        return int.MaxValue;\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u5df2\u6709\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n    if (mem[i][j] != -1) {\n        return mem[i][j];\n    }\n    // \u5de6\u8fb9\u548c\u4e0a\u8fb9\u5355\u5143\u683c\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\n    int up = MinPathSumDFSMem(grid, mem, i - 1, j);\n    int left = MinPathSumDFSMem(grid, mem, i, j - 1);\n    // \u8bb0\u5f55\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230 (i, j) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\n    mem[i][j] = Math.Min(left, up) + grid[i][j];\n    return mem[i][j];\n}\n
    min_path_sum.go
    /* \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nfunc minPathSumDFSMem(grid, mem [][]int, i, j int) int {\n    // \u82e5\u4e3a\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5355\u5143\u683c\uff0c\u5219\u7ec8\u6b62\u641c\u7d22\n    if i == 0 && j == 0 {\n        return grid[0][0]\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u884c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de +\u221e \u4ee3\u4ef7\n    if i < 0 || j < 0 {\n        return math.MaxInt\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u5df2\u6709\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n    if mem[i][j] != -1 {\n        return mem[i][j]\n    }\n    // \u5de6\u8fb9\u548c\u4e0a\u8fb9\u5355\u5143\u683c\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\n    up := minPathSumDFSMem(grid, mem, i-1, j)\n    left := minPathSumDFSMem(grid, mem, i, j-1)\n    // \u8bb0\u5f55\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230 (i, j) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\n    mem[i][j] = int(math.Min(float64(left), float64(up))) + grid[i][j]\n    return mem[i][j]\n}\n
    min_path_sum.swift
    /* \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nfunc minPathSumDFSMem(grid: [[Int]], mem: inout [[Int]], i: Int, j: Int) -> Int {\n    // \u82e5\u4e3a\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5355\u5143\u683c\uff0c\u5219\u7ec8\u6b62\u641c\u7d22\n    if i == 0, j == 0 {\n        return grid[0][0]\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u884c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de +\u221e \u4ee3\u4ef7\n    if i < 0 || j < 0 {\n        return .max\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u5df2\u6709\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n    if mem[i][j] != -1 {\n        return mem[i][j]\n    }\n    // \u5de6\u8fb9\u548c\u4e0a\u8fb9\u5355\u5143\u683c\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\n    let up = minPathSumDFSMem(grid: grid, mem: &mem, i: i - 1, j: j)\n    let left = minPathSumDFSMem(grid: grid, mem: &mem, i: i, j: j - 1)\n    // \u8bb0\u5f55\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230 (i, j) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\n    mem[i][j] = min(left, up) + grid[i][j]\n    return mem[i][j]\n}\n
    min_path_sum.js
    /* \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nfunction minPathSumDFSMem(grid, mem, i, j) {\n    // \u82e5\u4e3a\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5355\u5143\u683c\uff0c\u5219\u7ec8\u6b62\u641c\u7d22\n    if (i === 0 && j === 0) {\n        return grid[0][0];\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u884c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de +\u221e \u4ee3\u4ef7\n    if (i < 0 || j < 0) {\n        return Infinity;\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u5df2\u6709\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n    if (mem[i][j] !== -1) {\n        return mem[i][j];\n    }\n    // \u5de6\u8fb9\u548c\u4e0a\u8fb9\u5355\u5143\u683c\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\n    const up = minPathSumDFSMem(grid, mem, i - 1, j);\n    const left = minPathSumDFSMem(grid, mem, i, j - 1);\n    // \u8bb0\u5f55\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230 (i, j) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\n    mem[i][j] = Math.min(left, up) + grid[i][j];\n    return mem[i][j];\n}\n
    min_path_sum.ts
    /* \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nfunction minPathSumDFSMem(\n    grid: Array<Array<number>>,\n    mem: Array<Array<number>>,\n    i: number,\n    j: number\n): number {\n    // \u82e5\u4e3a\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5355\u5143\u683c\uff0c\u5219\u7ec8\u6b62\u641c\u7d22\n    if (i === 0 && j === 0) {\n        return grid[0][0];\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u884c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de +\u221e \u4ee3\u4ef7\n    if (i < 0 || j < 0) {\n        return Infinity;\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u5df2\u6709\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n    if (mem[i][j] != -1) {\n        return mem[i][j];\n    }\n    // \u5de6\u8fb9\u548c\u4e0a\u8fb9\u5355\u5143\u683c\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\n    const up = minPathSumDFSMem(grid, mem, i - 1, j);\n    const left = minPathSumDFSMem(grid, mem, i, j - 1);\n    // \u8bb0\u5f55\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230 (i, j) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\n    mem[i][j] = Math.min(left, up) + grid[i][j];\n    return mem[i][j];\n}\n
    min_path_sum.dart
    /* \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nint minPathSumDFSMem(List<List<int>> grid, List<List<int>> mem, int i, int j) {\n  // \u82e5\u4e3a\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5355\u5143\u683c\uff0c\u5219\u7ec8\u6b62\u641c\u7d22\n  if (i == 0 && j == 0) {\n    return grid[0][0];\n  }\n  // \u82e5\u884c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de +\u221e \u4ee3\u4ef7\n  if (i < 0 || j < 0) {\n    // \u5728 Dart \u4e2d\uff0cint \u7c7b\u578b\u662f\u56fa\u5b9a\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u6574\u6570\uff0c\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u8868\u793a\u201c\u65e0\u7a77\u5927\u201d\u7684\u503c\n    return BigInt.from(2).pow(31).toInt();\n  }\n  // \u82e5\u5df2\u6709\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n  if (mem[i][j] != -1) {\n    return mem[i][j];\n  }\n  // \u5de6\u8fb9\u548c\u4e0a\u8fb9\u5355\u5143\u683c\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\n  int up = minPathSumDFSMem(grid, mem, i - 1, j);\n  int left = minPathSumDFSMem(grid, mem, i, j - 1);\n  // \u8bb0\u5f55\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230 (i, j) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\n  mem[i][j] = min(left, up) + grid[i][j];\n  return mem[i][j];\n}\n
    min_path_sum.rs
    /* \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nfn min_path_sum_dfs_mem(grid: &Vec<Vec<i32>>, mem: &mut Vec<Vec<i32>>, i: i32, j: i32) -> i32 {\n    // \u82e5\u4e3a\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5355\u5143\u683c\uff0c\u5219\u7ec8\u6b62\u641c\u7d22\n    if i == 0 && j == 0 {\n        return grid[0][0];\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u884c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de +\u221e \u4ee3\u4ef7\n    if i < 0 || j < 0 {\n        return i32::MAX;\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u5df2\u6709\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n    if mem[i as usize][j as usize] != -1 {\n        return mem[i as usize][j as usize];\n    }\n    // \u5de6\u8fb9\u548c\u4e0a\u8fb9\u5355\u5143\u683c\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\n    let up = min_path_sum_dfs_mem(grid, mem, i - 1, j);\n    let left = min_path_sum_dfs_mem(grid, mem, i, j - 1);\n    // \u8bb0\u5f55\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230 (i, j) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\n    mem[i as usize][j as usize] = std::cmp::min(left, up) + grid[i as usize][j as usize];\n    mem[i as usize][j as usize]\n}\n
    min_path_sum.c
    /* \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nint minPathSumDFSMem(int grid[MAX_SIZE][MAX_SIZE], int mem[MAX_SIZE][MAX_SIZE], int i, int j) {\n    // \u82e5\u4e3a\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5355\u5143\u683c\uff0c\u5219\u7ec8\u6b62\u641c\u7d22\n    if (i == 0 && j == 0) {\n        return grid[0][0];\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u884c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de +\u221e \u4ee3\u4ef7\n    if (i < 0 || j < 0) {\n        return INT_MAX;\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u5df2\u6709\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n    if (mem[i][j] != -1) {\n        return mem[i][j];\n    }\n    // \u5de6\u8fb9\u548c\u4e0a\u8fb9\u5355\u5143\u683c\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\n    int up = minPathSumDFSMem(grid, mem, i - 1, j);\n    int left = minPathSumDFSMem(grid, mem, i, j - 1);\n    // \u8bb0\u5f55\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230 (i, j) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\n    mem[i][j] = myMin(left, up) != INT_MAX ? myMin(left, up) + grid[i][j] : INT_MAX;\n    return mem[i][j];\n}\n
    min_path_sum.zig
    // \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22\nfn minPathSumDFSMem(grid: anytype, mem: anytype, i: i32, j: i32) i32 {\n    // \u82e5\u4e3a\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5355\u5143\u683c\uff0c\u5219\u7ec8\u6b62\u641c\u7d22\n    if (i == 0 and j == 0) {\n        return grid[0][0];\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u884c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de +\u221e \u4ee3\u4ef7\n    if (i < 0 or j < 0) {\n        return std.math.maxInt(i32);\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u5df2\u6709\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n    if (mem[@as(usize, @intCast(i))][@as(usize, @intCast(j))] != -1) {\n        return mem[@as(usize, @intCast(i))][@as(usize, @intCast(j))];\n    }\n    // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4ece\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230 (i-1, j) \u548c (i, j-1) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\n    var up = minPathSumDFSMem(grid, mem, i - 1, j);\n    var left = minPathSumDFSMem(grid, mem, i, j - 1);\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u4ece\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230 (i, j) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\n    // \u8bb0\u5f55\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230 (i, j) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\n    mem[@as(usize, @intCast(i))][@as(usize, @intCast(j))] = @min(left, up) + grid[@as(usize, @intCast(i))][@as(usize, @intCast(j))];\n    return mem[@as(usize, @intCast(i))][@as(usize, @intCast(j))];\n}\n

    \u5982\u56fe 14-15 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5728\u5f15\u5165\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u540e\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u53ea\u9700\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u72b6\u6001\u603b\u6570\uff0c\u5373\u7f51\u683c\u5c3a\u5bf8 \\(O(nm)\\) \u3002

    \u56fe 14-15 \u00a0 \u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22\u9012\u5f52\u6811

    "},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/dp_solution_pipeline/#3","title":"3. \u00a0 \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e09\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212","text":"

    \u57fa\u4e8e\u8fed\u4ee3\u5b9e\u73b0\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u89e3\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig min_path_sum.py
    def min_path_sum_dp(grid: list[list[int]]) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\"\"\"\n    n, m = len(grid), len(grid[0])\n    # \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    dp = [[0] * m for _ in range(n)]\n    dp[0][0] = grid[0][0]\n    # \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\n    for j in range(1, m):\n        dp[0][j] = dp[0][j - 1] + grid[0][j]\n    # \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u5217\n    for i in range(1, n):\n        dp[i][0] = dp[i - 1][0] + grid[i][0]\n    # \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\u548c\u5217\n    for i in range(1, n):\n        for j in range(1, m):\n            dp[i][j] = min(dp[i][j - 1], dp[i - 1][j]) + grid[i][j]\n    return dp[n - 1][m - 1]\n
    min_path_sum.cpp
    /* \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint minPathSumDP(vector<vector<int>> &grid) {\n    int n = grid.size(), m = grid[0].size();\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    vector<vector<int>> dp(n, vector<int>(m));\n    dp[0][0] = grid[0][0];\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\n    for (int j = 1; j < m; j++) {\n        dp[0][j] = dp[0][j - 1] + grid[0][j];\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u5217\n    for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) {\n        dp[i][0] = dp[i - 1][0] + grid[i][0];\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\u548c\u5217\n    for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) {\n        for (int j = 1; j < m; j++) {\n            dp[i][j] = min(dp[i][j - 1], dp[i - 1][j]) + grid[i][j];\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[n - 1][m - 1];\n}\n
    min_path_sum.java
    /* \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint minPathSumDP(int[][] grid) {\n    int n = grid.length, m = grid[0].length;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    int[][] dp = new int[n][m];\n    dp[0][0] = grid[0][0];\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\n    for (int j = 1; j < m; j++) {\n        dp[0][j] = dp[0][j - 1] + grid[0][j];\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u5217\n    for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) {\n        dp[i][0] = dp[i - 1][0] + grid[i][0];\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\u548c\u5217\n    for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) {\n        for (int j = 1; j < m; j++) {\n            dp[i][j] = Math.min(dp[i][j - 1], dp[i - 1][j]) + grid[i][j];\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[n - 1][m - 1];\n}\n
    min_path_sum.cs
    /* \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint MinPathSumDP(int[][] grid) {\n    int n = grid.Length, m = grid[0].Length;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    int[,] dp = new int[n, m];\n    dp[0, 0] = grid[0][0];\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\n    for (int j = 1; j < m; j++) {\n        dp[0, j] = dp[0, j - 1] + grid[0][j];\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u5217\n    for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) {\n        dp[i, 0] = dp[i - 1, 0] + grid[i][0];\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\u548c\u5217\n    for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) {\n        for (int j = 1; j < m; j++) {\n            dp[i, j] = Math.Min(dp[i, j - 1], dp[i - 1, j]) + grid[i][j];\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[n - 1, m - 1];\n}\n
    min_path_sum.go
    /* \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunc minPathSumDP(grid [][]int) int {\n    n, m := len(grid), len(grid[0])\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    dp := make([][]int, n)\n    for i := 0; i < n; i++ {\n        dp[i] = make([]int, m)\n    }\n    dp[0][0] = grid[0][0]\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\n    for j := 1; j < m; j++ {\n        dp[0][j] = dp[0][j-1] + grid[0][j]\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u5217\n    for i := 1; i < n; i++ {\n        dp[i][0] = dp[i-1][0] + grid[i][0]\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\u548c\u5217\n    for i := 1; i < n; i++ {\n        for j := 1; j < m; j++ {\n            dp[i][j] = int(math.Min(float64(dp[i][j-1]), float64(dp[i-1][j]))) + grid[i][j]\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[n-1][m-1]\n}\n
    min_path_sum.swift
    /* \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunc minPathSumDP(grid: [[Int]]) -> Int {\n    let n = grid.count\n    let m = grid[0].count\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    var dp = Array(repeating: Array(repeating: 0, count: m), count: n)\n    dp[0][0] = grid[0][0]\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\n    for j in stride(from: 1, to: m, by: 1) {\n        dp[0][j] = dp[0][j - 1] + grid[0][j]\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u5217\n    for i in stride(from: 1, to: n, by: 1) {\n        dp[i][0] = dp[i - 1][0] + grid[i][0]\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\u548c\u5217\n    for i in stride(from: 1, to: n, by: 1) {\n        for j in stride(from: 1, to: m, by: 1) {\n            dp[i][j] = min(dp[i][j - 1], dp[i - 1][j]) + grid[i][j]\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[n - 1][m - 1]\n}\n
    min_path_sum.js
    /* \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunction minPathSumDP(grid) {\n    const n = grid.length,\n        m = grid[0].length;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    const dp = Array.from({ length: n }, () =>\n        Array.from({ length: m }, () => 0)\n    );\n    dp[0][0] = grid[0][0];\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\n    for (let j = 1; j < m; j++) {\n        dp[0][j] = dp[0][j - 1] + grid[0][j];\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u5217\n    for (let i = 1; i < n; i++) {\n        dp[i][0] = dp[i - 1][0] + grid[i][0];\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\u548c\u5217\n    for (let i = 1; i < n; i++) {\n        for (let j = 1; j < m; j++) {\n            dp[i][j] = Math.min(dp[i][j - 1], dp[i - 1][j]) + grid[i][j];\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[n - 1][m - 1];\n}\n
    min_path_sum.ts
    /* \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunction minPathSumDP(grid: Array<Array<number>>): number {\n    const n = grid.length,\n        m = grid[0].length;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    const dp = Array.from({ length: n }, () =>\n        Array.from({ length: m }, () => 0)\n    );\n    dp[0][0] = grid[0][0];\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\n    for (let j = 1; j < m; j++) {\n        dp[0][j] = dp[0][j - 1] + grid[0][j];\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u5217\n    for (let i = 1; i < n; i++) {\n        dp[i][0] = dp[i - 1][0] + grid[i][0];\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\u548c\u5217\n    for (let i = 1; i < n; i++) {\n        for (let j: number = 1; j < m; j++) {\n            dp[i][j] = Math.min(dp[i][j - 1], dp[i - 1][j]) + grid[i][j];\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[n - 1][m - 1];\n}\n
    min_path_sum.dart
    /* \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint minPathSumDP(List<List<int>> grid) {\n  int n = grid.length, m = grid[0].length;\n  // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n  List<List<int>> dp = List.generate(n, (i) => List.filled(m, 0));\n  dp[0][0] = grid[0][0];\n  // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\n  for (int j = 1; j < m; j++) {\n    dp[0][j] = dp[0][j - 1] + grid[0][j];\n  }\n  // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u5217\n  for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) {\n    dp[i][0] = dp[i - 1][0] + grid[i][0];\n  }\n  // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\u548c\u5217\n  for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) {\n    for (int j = 1; j < m; j++) {\n      dp[i][j] = min(dp[i][j - 1], dp[i - 1][j]) + grid[i][j];\n    }\n  }\n  return dp[n - 1][m - 1];\n}\n
    min_path_sum.rs
    /* \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfn min_path_sum_dp(grid: &Vec<Vec<i32>>) -> i32 {\n    let (n, m) = (grid.len(), grid[0].len());\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    let mut dp = vec![vec![0; m]; n];\n    dp[0][0] = grid[0][0];\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\n    for j in 1..m {\n        dp[0][j] = dp[0][j - 1] + grid[0][j];\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u5217\n    for i in 1..n {\n        dp[i][0] = dp[i - 1][0] + grid[i][0];\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\u548c\u5217\n    for i in 1..n {\n        for j in 1..m {\n            dp[i][j] = std::cmp::min(dp[i][j - 1], dp[i - 1][j]) + grid[i][j];\n        }\n    }\n    dp[n - 1][m - 1]\n}\n
    min_path_sum.c
    /* \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint minPathSumDP(int grid[MAX_SIZE][MAX_SIZE], int n, int m) {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    int **dp = malloc(n * sizeof(int *));\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        dp[i] = calloc(m, sizeof(int));\n    }\n    dp[0][0] = grid[0][0];\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\n    for (int j = 1; j < m; j++) {\n        dp[0][j] = dp[0][j - 1] + grid[0][j];\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u5217\n    for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) {\n        dp[i][0] = dp[i - 1][0] + grid[i][0];\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\u548c\u5217\n    for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) {\n        for (int j = 1; j < m; j++) {\n            dp[i][j] = myMin(dp[i][j - 1], dp[i - 1][j]) + grid[i][j];\n        }\n    }\n    int res = dp[n - 1][m - 1];\n    // \u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        free(dp[i]);\n    }\n    return res;\n}\n
    min_path_sum.zig
    // \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\nfn minPathSumDP(comptime grid: anytype) i32 {\n    comptime var n = grid.len;\n    comptime var m = grid[0].len;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    var dp = [_][m]i32{[_]i32{0} ** m} ** n;\n    dp[0][0] = grid[0][0];\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\n    for (1..m) |j| {\n        dp[0][j] = dp[0][j - 1] + grid[0][j];\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u5217\n    for (1..n) |i| {\n        dp[i][0] = dp[i - 1][0] + grid[i][0];\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\u548c\u5217\n    for (1..n) |i| {\n        for (1..m) |j| {\n            dp[i][j] = @min(dp[i][j - 1], dp[i - 1][j]) + grid[i][j];\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[n - 1][m - 1];\n}\n

    \u56fe 14-16 \u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5176\u904d\u5386\u4e86\u6574\u4e2a\u7f51\u683c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(nm)\\) \u3002

    \u6570\u7ec4 dp \u5927\u5c0f\u4e3a \\(n \\times m\\) \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(nm)\\) \u3002

    <1><2><3><4><5><6><7><8><9><10><11><12>

    \u56fe 14-16 \u00a0 \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u8fc7\u7a0b

    "},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/dp_solution_pipeline/#4","title":"4. \u00a0 \u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316","text":"

    \u7531\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u683c\u5b50\u53ea\u4e0e\u5176\u5de6\u8fb9\u548c\u4e0a\u8fb9\u7684\u683c\u5b50\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u53ea\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u884c\u6570\u7ec4\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0 \\(dp\\) \u8868\u3002

    \u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4 dp \u53ea\u80fd\u8868\u793a\u4e00\u884c\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u6cd5\u63d0\u524d\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u9996\u5217\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u904d\u5386\u6bcf\u884c\u65f6\u66f4\u65b0\u5b83\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig min_path_sum.py
    def min_path_sum_dp_comp(grid: list[list[int]]) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\"\"\"\n    n, m = len(grid), len(grid[0])\n    # \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    dp = [0] * m\n    # \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\n    dp[0] = grid[0][0]\n    for j in range(1, m):\n        dp[j] = dp[j - 1] + grid[0][j]\n    # \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\n    for i in range(1, n):\n        # \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u5217\n        dp[0] = dp[0] + grid[i][0]\n        # \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u5217\n        for j in range(1, m):\n            dp[j] = min(dp[j - 1], dp[j]) + grid[i][j]\n    return dp[m - 1]\n
    min_path_sum.cpp
    /* \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint minPathSumDPComp(vector<vector<int>> &grid) {\n    int n = grid.size(), m = grid[0].size();\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    vector<int> dp(m);\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\n    dp[0] = grid[0][0];\n    for (int j = 1; j < m; j++) {\n        dp[j] = dp[j - 1] + grid[0][j];\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\n    for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) {\n        // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u5217\n        dp[0] = dp[0] + grid[i][0];\n        // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u5217\n        for (int j = 1; j < m; j++) {\n            dp[j] = min(dp[j - 1], dp[j]) + grid[i][j];\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[m - 1];\n}\n
    min_path_sum.java
    /* \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint minPathSumDPComp(int[][] grid) {\n    int n = grid.length, m = grid[0].length;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    int[] dp = new int[m];\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\n    dp[0] = grid[0][0];\n    for (int j = 1; j < m; j++) {\n        dp[j] = dp[j - 1] + grid[0][j];\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\n    for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) {\n        // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u5217\n        dp[0] = dp[0] + grid[i][0];\n        // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u5217\n        for (int j = 1; j < m; j++) {\n            dp[j] = Math.min(dp[j - 1], dp[j]) + grid[i][j];\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[m - 1];\n}\n
    min_path_sum.cs
    /* \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint MinPathSumDPComp(int[][] grid) {\n    int n = grid.Length, m = grid[0].Length;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    int[] dp = new int[m];\n    dp[0] = grid[0][0];\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\n    for (int j = 1; j < m; j++) {\n        dp[j] = dp[j - 1] + grid[0][j];\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\n    for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) {\n        // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u5217\n        dp[0] = dp[0] + grid[i][0];\n        // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u5217\n        for (int j = 1; j < m; j++) {\n            dp[j] = Math.Min(dp[j - 1], dp[j]) + grid[i][j];\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[m - 1];\n}\n
    min_path_sum.go
    /* \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunc minPathSumDPComp(grid [][]int) int {\n    n, m := len(grid), len(grid[0])\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    dp := make([]int, m)\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\n    dp[0] = grid[0][0]\n    for j := 1; j < m; j++ {\n        dp[j] = dp[j-1] + grid[0][j]\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\u548c\u5217\n    for i := 1; i < n; i++ {\n        // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u5217\n        dp[0] = dp[0] + grid[i][0]\n        // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u5217\n        for j := 1; j < m; j++ {\n            dp[j] = int(math.Min(float64(dp[j-1]), float64(dp[j]))) + grid[i][j]\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[m-1]\n}\n
    min_path_sum.swift
    /* \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunc minPathSumDPComp(grid: [[Int]]) -> Int {\n    let n = grid.count\n    let m = grid[0].count\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    var dp = Array(repeating: 0, count: m)\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\n    dp[0] = grid[0][0]\n    for j in stride(from: 1, to: m, by: 1) {\n        dp[j] = dp[j - 1] + grid[0][j]\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\n    for i in stride(from: 1, to: n, by: 1) {\n        // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u5217\n        dp[0] = dp[0] + grid[i][0]\n        // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u5217\n        for j in stride(from: 1, to: m, by: 1) {\n            dp[j] = min(dp[j - 1], dp[j]) + grid[i][j]\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[m - 1]\n}\n
    min_path_sum.js
    /* \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunction minPathSumDPComp(grid) {\n    const n = grid.length,\n        m = grid[0].length;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    const dp = new Array(m);\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\n    dp[0] = grid[0][0];\n    for (let j = 1; j < m; j++) {\n        dp[j] = dp[j - 1] + grid[0][j];\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\n    for (let i = 1; i < n; i++) {\n        // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u5217\n        dp[0] = dp[0] + grid[i][0];\n        // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u5217\n        for (let j = 1; j < m; j++) {\n            dp[j] = Math.min(dp[j - 1], dp[j]) + grid[i][j];\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[m - 1];\n}\n
    min_path_sum.ts
    /* \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunction minPathSumDPComp(grid: Array<Array<number>>): number {\n    const n = grid.length,\n        m = grid[0].length;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    const dp = new Array(m);\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\n    dp[0] = grid[0][0];\n    for (let j = 1; j < m; j++) {\n        dp[j] = dp[j - 1] + grid[0][j];\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\n    for (let i = 1; i < n; i++) {\n        // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u5217\n        dp[0] = dp[0] + grid[i][0];\n        // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u5217\n        for (let j = 1; j < m; j++) {\n            dp[j] = Math.min(dp[j - 1], dp[j]) + grid[i][j];\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[m - 1];\n}\n
    min_path_sum.dart
    /* \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint minPathSumDPComp(List<List<int>> grid) {\n  int n = grid.length, m = grid[0].length;\n  // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n  List<int> dp = List.filled(m, 0);\n  dp[0] = grid[0][0];\n  for (int j = 1; j < m; j++) {\n    dp[j] = dp[j - 1] + grid[0][j];\n  }\n  // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\n  for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) {\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u5217\n    dp[0] = dp[0] + grid[i][0];\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u5217\n    for (int j = 1; j < m; j++) {\n      dp[j] = min(dp[j - 1], dp[j]) + grid[i][j];\n    }\n  }\n  return dp[m - 1];\n}\n
    min_path_sum.rs
    /* \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfn min_path_sum_dp_comp(grid: &Vec<Vec<i32>>) -> i32 {\n    let (n, m) = (grid.len(), grid[0].len());\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    let mut dp = vec![0; m];\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\n    dp[0] = grid[0][0];\n    for j in 1..m {\n        dp[j] = dp[j - 1] + grid[0][j];\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\n    for i in 1..n {\n        // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u5217\n        dp[0] = dp[0] + grid[i][0];\n        // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u5217\n        for j in 1..m {\n            dp[j] = std::cmp::min(dp[j - 1], dp[j]) + grid[i][j];\n        }\n    }\n    dp[m - 1]\n}\n
    min_path_sum.c
    /* \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint minPathSumDPComp(int grid[MAX_SIZE][MAX_SIZE], int n, int m) {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    int *dp = calloc(m, sizeof(int));\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\n    dp[0] = grid[0][0];\n    for (int j = 1; j < m; j++) {\n        dp[j] = dp[j - 1] + grid[0][j];\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\n    for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) {\n        // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u5217\n        dp[0] = dp[0] + grid[i][0];\n        // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u5217\n        for (int j = 1; j < m; j++) {\n            dp[j] = myMin(dp[j - 1], dp[j]) + grid[i][j];\n        }\n    }\n    int res = dp[m - 1];\n    // \u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\n    free(dp);\n    return res;\n}\n
    min_path_sum.zig
    // \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\nfn minPathSumDPComp(comptime grid: anytype) i32 {\n    comptime var n = grid.len;\n    comptime var m = grid[0].len;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    var dp = [_]i32{0} ** m;\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\n    dp[0] = grid[0][0];\n    for (1..m) |j| {\n        dp[j] = dp[j - 1] + grid[0][j];\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\n    for (1..n) |i| {\n        // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u5217\n        dp[0] = dp[0] + grid[i][0];\n        for (1..m) |j| {\n            dp[j] = @min(dp[j - 1], dp[j]) + grid[i][j];\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[m - 1];\n}\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/edit_distance_problem/","title":"14.6 \u00a0 \u7f16\u8f91\u8ddd\u79bb\u95ee\u9898","text":"

    \u7f16\u8f91\u8ddd\u79bb\uff0c\u4e5f\u79f0 Levenshtein \u8ddd\u79bb\uff0c\u6307\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e92\u76f8\u8f6c\u6362\u7684\u6700\u5c11\u4fee\u6539\u6b21\u6570\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u5728\u4fe1\u606f\u68c0\u7d22\u548c\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u5904\u7406\u4e2d\u5ea6\u91cf\u4e24\u4e2a\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u5ea6\u3002

    Question

    \u8f93\u5165\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32 \\(s\\) \u548c \\(t\\) \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5c06 \\(s\\) \u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a \\(t\\) \u6240\u9700\u7684\u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570\u3002

    \u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u4e09\u79cd\u7f16\u8f91\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a\u63d2\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u3001\u5220\u9664\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u3001\u5c06\u5b57\u7b26\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u4efb\u610f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u3002

    \u5982\u56fe 14-27 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5c06 kitten \u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a sitting \u9700\u8981\u7f16\u8f91 3 \u6b65\uff0c\u5305\u62ec 2 \u6b21\u66ff\u6362\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e0e 1 \u6b21\u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1b\u5c06 hello \u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a algo \u9700\u8981 3 \u6b65\uff0c\u5305\u62ec 2 \u6b21\u66ff\u6362\u64cd\u4f5c\u548c 1 \u6b21\u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002

    \u56fe 14-27 \u00a0 \u7f16\u8f91\u8ddd\u79bb\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u6570\u636e

    \u7f16\u8f91\u8ddd\u79bb\u95ee\u9898\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u81ea\u7136\u5730\u7528\u51b3\u7b56\u6811\u6a21\u578b\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5bf9\u5e94\u6811\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u4e00\u8f6e\u51b3\u7b56\uff08\u4e00\u6b21\u7f16\u8f91\u64cd\u4f5c\uff09\u5bf9\u5e94\u6811\u7684\u4e00\u6761\u8fb9\u3002

    \u5982\u56fe 14-28 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5728\u4e0d\u9650\u5236\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u6d3e\u751f\u51fa\u8bb8\u591a\u6761\u8fb9\uff0c\u6bcf\u6761\u8fb9\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e00\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4ece hello \u8f6c\u6362\u5230 algo \u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u3002

    \u4ece\u51b3\u7b56\u6811\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u672c\u9898\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u6c42\u89e3\u8282\u70b9 hello \u548c\u8282\u70b9 algo \u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u3002

    \u56fe 14-28 \u00a0 \u57fa\u4e8e\u51b3\u7b56\u6811\u6a21\u578b\u8868\u793a\u7f16\u8f91\u8ddd\u79bb\u95ee\u9898

    "},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/edit_distance_problem/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u601d\u8def","text":"

    \u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\uff1a\u601d\u8003\u6bcf\u8f6e\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\uff0c\u5b9a\u4e49\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f97\u5230 \\(dp\\) \u8868

    \u6bcf\u4e00\u8f6e\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u662f\u5bf9\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32 \\(s\\) \u8fdb\u884c\u4e00\u6b21\u7f16\u8f91\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002

    \u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u5728\u7f16\u8f91\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89c4\u6a21\u9010\u6e10\u7f29\u5c0f\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u624d\u80fd\u6784\u5efa\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u8bbe\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32 \\(s\\) \u548c \\(t\\) \u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u5206\u522b\u4e3a \\(n\\) \u548c \\(m\\) \uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5148\u8003\u8651\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5c3e\u90e8\u7684\u5b57\u7b26 \\(s[n-1]\\) \u548c \\(t[m-1]\\) \u3002

    • \u82e5 \\(s[n-1]\\) \u548c \\(t[m-1]\\) \u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8df3\u8fc7\u5b83\u4eec\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8003\u8651 \\(s[n-2]\\) \u548c \\(t[m-2]\\) \u3002
    • \u82e5 \\(s[n-1]\\) \u548c \\(t[m-1]\\) \u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5bf9 \\(s\\) \u8fdb\u884c\u4e00\u6b21\u7f16\u8f91\uff08\u63d2\u5165\u3001\u5220\u9664\u3001\u66ff\u6362\uff09\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5c3e\u90e8\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8df3\u8fc7\u5b83\u4eec\uff0c\u8003\u8651\u89c4\u6a21\u66f4\u5c0f\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002

    \u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32 \\(s\\) \u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u8f6e\u51b3\u7b56\uff08\u7f16\u8f91\u64cd\u4f5c\uff09\uff0c\u90fd\u4f1a\u4f7f\u5f97 \\(s\\) \u548c \\(t\\) \u4e2d\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u5f85\u5339\u914d\u5b57\u7b26\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u72b6\u6001\u4e3a\u5f53\u524d\u5728 \\(s\\) \u548c \\(t\\) \u4e2d\u8003\u8651\u7684\u7b2c \\(i\\) \u548c\u7b2c \\(j\\) \u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a \\([i, j]\\) \u3002

    \u72b6\u6001 \\([i, j]\\) \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u5c06 \\(s\\) \u7684\u524d \\(i\\) \u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u66f4\u6539\u4e3a \\(t\\) \u7684\u524d \\(j\\) \u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u6240\u9700\u7684\u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570\u3002

    \u81f3\u6b64\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c3a\u5bf8\u4e3a \\((i+1) \\times (j+1)\\) \u7684\u4e8c\u7ef4 \\(dp\\) \u8868\u3002

    \u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b65\uff1a\u627e\u51fa\u6700\u4f18\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u63a8\u5bfc\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u65b9\u7a0b

    \u8003\u8651\u5b50\u95ee\u9898 \\(dp[i, j]\\) \uff0c\u5176\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u5c3e\u90e8\u5b57\u7b26\u4e3a \\(s[i-1]\\) \u548c \\(t[j-1]\\) \uff0c\u53ef\u6839\u636e\u4e0d\u540c\u7f16\u8f91\u64cd\u4f5c\u5206\u4e3a\u56fe 14-29 \u6240\u793a\u7684\u4e09\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u3002

    1. \u5728 \\(s[i-1]\\) \u4e4b\u540e\u6dfb\u52a0 \\(t[j-1]\\) \uff0c\u5219\u5269\u4f59\u5b50\u95ee\u9898 \\(dp[i, j-1]\\) \u3002
    2. \u5220\u9664 \\(s[i-1]\\) \uff0c\u5219\u5269\u4f59\u5b50\u95ee\u9898 \\(dp[i-1, j]\\) \u3002
    3. \u5c06 \\(s[i-1]\\) \u66ff\u6362\u4e3a \\(t[j-1]\\) \uff0c\u5219\u5269\u4f59\u5b50\u95ee\u9898 \\(dp[i-1, j-1]\\) \u3002

    \u56fe 14-29 \u00a0 \u7f16\u8f91\u8ddd\u79bb\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb

    \u6839\u636e\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u53ef\u5f97\u6700\u4f18\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a\\(dp[i, j]\\) \u7684\u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570\u7b49\u4e8e \\(dp[i, j-1]\\)\u3001\\(dp[i-1, j]\\)\u3001\\(dp[i-1, j-1]\\) \u4e09\u8005\u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570\uff0c\u518d\u52a0\u4e0a\u672c\u6b21\u7684\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 \\(1\\) \u3002\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u65b9\u7a0b\u4e3a\uff1a

    \\[ dp[i, j] = \\min(dp[i, j-1], dp[i-1, j], dp[i-1, j-1]) + 1 \\]

    \u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u5f53 \\(s[i-1]\\) \u548c \\(t[j-1]\\) \u76f8\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u65e0\u987b\u7f16\u8f91\u5f53\u524d\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u65b9\u7a0b\u4e3a\uff1a

    \\[ dp[i, j] = dp[i-1, j-1] \\]

    \u7b2c\u4e09\u6b65\uff1a\u786e\u5b9a\u8fb9\u754c\u6761\u4ef6\u548c\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u987a\u5e8f

    \u5f53\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u90fd\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\uff0c\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570\u4e3a \\(0\\) \uff0c\u5373 \\(dp[0, 0] = 0\\) \u3002\u5f53 \\(s\\) \u4e3a\u7a7a\u4f46 \\(t\\) \u4e0d\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\uff0c\u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570\u7b49\u4e8e \\(t\\) \u7684\u957f\u5ea6\uff0c\u5373\u9996\u884c \\(dp[0, j] = j\\) \u3002\u5f53 \\(s\\) \u4e0d\u4e3a\u7a7a\u4f46 \\(t\\) \u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\uff0c\u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570\u7b49\u4e8e \\(s\\) \u7684\u957f\u5ea6\uff0c\u5373\u9996\u5217 \\(dp[i, 0] = i\\) \u3002

    \u89c2\u5bdf\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u65b9\u7a0b\uff0c\u89e3 \\(dp[i, j]\\) \u4f9d\u8d56\u5de6\u65b9\u3001\u4e0a\u65b9\u3001\u5de6\u4e0a\u65b9\u7684\u89e3\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u901a\u8fc7\u4e24\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\u6b63\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u6574\u4e2a \\(dp\\) \u8868\u5373\u53ef\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/edit_distance_problem/#2","title":"2. \u00a0 \u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0","text":"PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig edit_distance.py
    def edit_distance_dp(s: str, t: str) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u7f16\u8f91\u8ddd\u79bb\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\"\"\"\n    n, m = len(s), len(t)\n    dp = [[0] * (m + 1) for _ in range(n + 1)]\n    # \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\u9996\u5217\n    for i in range(1, n + 1):\n        dp[i][0] = i\n    for j in range(1, m + 1):\n        dp[0][j] = j\n    # \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\u548c\u5217\n    for i in range(1, n + 1):\n        for j in range(1, m + 1):\n            if s[i - 1] == t[j - 1]:\n                # \u82e5\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7\u6b64\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\n                dp[i][j] = dp[i - 1][j - 1]\n            else:\n                # \u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 = \u63d2\u5165\u3001\u5220\u9664\u3001\u66ff\u6362\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 + 1\n                dp[i][j] = min(dp[i][j - 1], dp[i - 1][j], dp[i - 1][j - 1]) + 1\n    return dp[n][m]\n
    edit_distance.cpp
    /* \u7f16\u8f91\u8ddd\u79bb\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint editDistanceDP(string s, string t) {\n    int n = s.length(), m = t.length();\n    vector<vector<int>> dp(n + 1, vector<int>(m + 1, 0));\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\u9996\u5217\n    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        dp[i][0] = i;\n    }\n    for (int j = 1; j <= m; j++) {\n        dp[0][j] = j;\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\u548c\u5217\n    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        for (int j = 1; j <= m; j++) {\n            if (s[i - 1] == t[j - 1]) {\n                // \u82e5\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7\u6b64\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\n                dp[i][j] = dp[i - 1][j - 1];\n            } else {\n                // \u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 = \u63d2\u5165\u3001\u5220\u9664\u3001\u66ff\u6362\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 + 1\n                dp[i][j] = min(min(dp[i][j - 1], dp[i - 1][j]), dp[i - 1][j - 1]) + 1;\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[n][m];\n}\n
    edit_distance.java
    /* \u7f16\u8f91\u8ddd\u79bb\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint editDistanceDP(String s, String t) {\n    int n = s.length(), m = t.length();\n    int[][] dp = new int[n + 1][m + 1];\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\u9996\u5217\n    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        dp[i][0] = i;\n    }\n    for (int j = 1; j <= m; j++) {\n        dp[0][j] = j;\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\u548c\u5217\n    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        for (int j = 1; j <= m; j++) {\n            if (s.charAt(i - 1) == t.charAt(j - 1)) {\n                // \u82e5\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7\u6b64\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\n                dp[i][j] = dp[i - 1][j - 1];\n            } else {\n                // \u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 = \u63d2\u5165\u3001\u5220\u9664\u3001\u66ff\u6362\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 + 1\n                dp[i][j] = Math.min(Math.min(dp[i][j - 1], dp[i - 1][j]), dp[i - 1][j - 1]) + 1;\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[n][m];\n}\n
    edit_distance.cs
    /* \u7f16\u8f91\u8ddd\u79bb\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint EditDistanceDP(string s, string t) {\n    int n = s.Length, m = t.Length;\n    int[,] dp = new int[n + 1, m + 1];\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\u9996\u5217\n    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        dp[i, 0] = i;\n    }\n    for (int j = 1; j <= m; j++) {\n        dp[0, j] = j;\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\u548c\u5217\n    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        for (int j = 1; j <= m; j++) {\n            if (s[i - 1] == t[j - 1]) {\n                // \u82e5\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7\u6b64\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\n                dp[i, j] = dp[i - 1, j - 1];\n            } else {\n                // \u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 = \u63d2\u5165\u3001\u5220\u9664\u3001\u66ff\u6362\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 + 1\n                dp[i, j] = Math.Min(Math.Min(dp[i, j - 1], dp[i - 1, j]), dp[i - 1, j - 1]) + 1;\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[n, m];\n}\n
    edit_distance.go
    /* \u7f16\u8f91\u8ddd\u79bb\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunc editDistanceDP(s string, t string) int {\n    n := len(s)\n    m := len(t)\n    dp := make([][]int, n+1)\n    for i := 0; i <= n; i++ {\n        dp[i] = make([]int, m+1)\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\u9996\u5217\n    for i := 1; i <= n; i++ {\n        dp[i][0] = i\n    }\n    for j := 1; j <= m; j++ {\n        dp[0][j] = j\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\u548c\u5217\n    for i := 1; i <= n; i++ {\n        for j := 1; j <= m; j++ {\n            if s[i-1] == t[j-1] {\n                // \u82e5\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7\u6b64\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\n                dp[i][j] = dp[i-1][j-1]\n            } else {\n                // \u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 = \u63d2\u5165\u3001\u5220\u9664\u3001\u66ff\u6362\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 + 1\n                dp[i][j] = MinInt(MinInt(dp[i][j-1], dp[i-1][j]), dp[i-1][j-1]) + 1\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[n][m]\n}\n
    edit_distance.swift
    /* \u7f16\u8f91\u8ddd\u79bb\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunc editDistanceDP(s: String, t: String) -> Int {\n    let n = s.utf8CString.count\n    let m = t.utf8CString.count\n    var dp = Array(repeating: Array(repeating: 0, count: m + 1), count: n + 1)\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\u9996\u5217\n    for i in stride(from: 1, through: n, by: 1) {\n        dp[i][0] = i\n    }\n    for j in stride(from: 1, through: m, by: 1) {\n        dp[0][j] = j\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\u548c\u5217\n    for i in stride(from: 1, through: n, by: 1) {\n        for j in stride(from: 1, through: m, by: 1) {\n            if s.utf8CString[i - 1] == t.utf8CString[j - 1] {\n                // \u82e5\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7\u6b64\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\n                dp[i][j] = dp[i - 1][j - 1]\n            } else {\n                // \u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 = \u63d2\u5165\u3001\u5220\u9664\u3001\u66ff\u6362\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 + 1\n                dp[i][j] = min(min(dp[i][j - 1], dp[i - 1][j]), dp[i - 1][j - 1]) + 1\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[n][m]\n}\n
    edit_distance.js
    /* \u7f16\u8f91\u8ddd\u79bb\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunction editDistanceDP(s, t) {\n    const n = s.length,\n        m = t.length;\n    const dp = Array.from({ length: n + 1 }, () => new Array(m + 1).fill(0));\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\u9996\u5217\n    for (let i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        dp[i][0] = i;\n    }\n    for (let j = 1; j <= m; j++) {\n        dp[0][j] = j;\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\u548c\u5217\n    for (let i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        for (let j = 1; j <= m; j++) {\n            if (s.charAt(i - 1) === t.charAt(j - 1)) {\n                // \u82e5\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7\u6b64\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\n                dp[i][j] = dp[i - 1][j - 1];\n            } else {\n                // \u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 = \u63d2\u5165\u3001\u5220\u9664\u3001\u66ff\u6362\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 + 1\n                dp[i][j] =\n                    Math.min(dp[i][j - 1], dp[i - 1][j], dp[i - 1][j - 1]) + 1;\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[n][m];\n}\n
    edit_distance.ts
    /* \u7f16\u8f91\u8ddd\u79bb\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunction editDistanceDP(s: string, t: string): number {\n    const n = s.length,\n        m = t.length;\n    const dp = Array.from({ length: n + 1 }, () =>\n        Array.from({ length: m + 1 }, () => 0)\n    );\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\u9996\u5217\n    for (let i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        dp[i][0] = i;\n    }\n    for (let j = 1; j <= m; j++) {\n        dp[0][j] = j;\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\u548c\u5217\n    for (let i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        for (let j = 1; j <= m; j++) {\n            if (s.charAt(i - 1) === t.charAt(j - 1)) {\n                // \u82e5\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7\u6b64\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\n                dp[i][j] = dp[i - 1][j - 1];\n            } else {\n                // \u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 = \u63d2\u5165\u3001\u5220\u9664\u3001\u66ff\u6362\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 + 1\n                dp[i][j] =\n                    Math.min(dp[i][j - 1], dp[i - 1][j], dp[i - 1][j - 1]) + 1;\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[n][m];\n}\n
    edit_distance.dart
    /* \u7f16\u8f91\u8ddd\u79bb\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint editDistanceDP(String s, String t) {\n  int n = s.length, m = t.length;\n  List<List<int>> dp = List.generate(n + 1, (_) => List.filled(m + 1, 0));\n  // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\u9996\u5217\n  for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n    dp[i][0] = i;\n  }\n  for (int j = 1; j <= m; j++) {\n    dp[0][j] = j;\n  }\n  // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\u548c\u5217\n  for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n    for (int j = 1; j <= m; j++) {\n      if (s[i - 1] == t[j - 1]) {\n        // \u82e5\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7\u6b64\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\n        dp[i][j] = dp[i - 1][j - 1];\n      } else {\n        // \u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 = \u63d2\u5165\u3001\u5220\u9664\u3001\u66ff\u6362\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 + 1\n        dp[i][j] = min(min(dp[i][j - 1], dp[i - 1][j]), dp[i - 1][j - 1]) + 1;\n      }\n    }\n  }\n  return dp[n][m];\n}\n
    edit_distance.rs
    /* \u7f16\u8f91\u8ddd\u79bb\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfn edit_distance_dp(s: &str, t: &str) -> i32 {\n    let (n, m) = (s.len(), t.len());\n    let mut dp = vec![vec![0; m + 1]; n + 1];\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\u9996\u5217\n    for i in 1..= n {\n        dp[i][0] = i as i32;\n    }\n    for j in 1..m {\n        dp[0][j] = j as i32;\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\u548c\u5217\n    for i in 1..=n {\n        for j in 1..=m {\n            if s.chars().nth(i - 1) == t.chars().nth(j - 1) {\n                // \u82e5\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7\u6b64\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\n                dp[i][j] = dp[i - 1][j - 1];\n            } else {\n                // \u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 = \u63d2\u5165\u3001\u5220\u9664\u3001\u66ff\u6362\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 + 1\n                dp[i][j] = std::cmp::min(std::cmp::min(dp[i][j - 1], dp[i - 1][j]), dp[i - 1][j - 1]) + 1;\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    dp[n][m]\n}\n
    edit_distance.c
    /* \u7f16\u8f91\u8ddd\u79bb\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint editDistanceDP(char *s, char *t, int n, int m) {\n    int **dp = malloc((n + 1) * sizeof(int *));\n    for (int i = 0; i <= n; i++) {\n        dp[i] = calloc(m + 1, sizeof(int));\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\u9996\u5217\n    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        dp[i][0] = i;\n    }\n    for (int j = 1; j <= m; j++) {\n        dp[0][j] = j;\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\u548c\u5217\n    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        for (int j = 1; j <= m; j++) {\n            if (s[i - 1] == t[j - 1]) {\n                // \u82e5\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7\u6b64\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\n                dp[i][j] = dp[i - 1][j - 1];\n            } else {\n                // \u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 = \u63d2\u5165\u3001\u5220\u9664\u3001\u66ff\u6362\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 + 1\n                dp[i][j] = myMin(myMin(dp[i][j - 1], dp[i - 1][j]), dp[i - 1][j - 1]) + 1;\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    int res = dp[n][m];\n    // \u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\n    for (int i = 0; i <= n; i++) {\n        free(dp[i]);\n    }\n    return res;\n}\n
    edit_distance.zig
    // \u7f16\u8f91\u8ddd\u79bb\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\nfn editDistanceDP(comptime s: []const u8, comptime t: []const u8) i32 {\n    comptime var n = s.len;\n    comptime var m = t.len;\n    var dp = [_][m + 1]i32{[_]i32{0} ** (m + 1)} ** (n + 1);\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\u9996\u5217\n    for (1..n + 1) |i| {\n        dp[i][0] = @intCast(i);\n    }\n    for (1..m + 1) |j| {\n        dp[0][j] = @intCast(j);\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\u548c\u5217\n    for (1..n + 1) |i| {\n        for (1..m + 1) |j| {\n            if (s[i - 1] == t[j - 1]) {\n                // \u82e5\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7\u6b64\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\n                dp[i][j] = dp[i - 1][j - 1];\n            } else {\n                // \u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 = \u63d2\u5165\u3001\u5220\u9664\u3001\u66ff\u6362\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 + 1\n                dp[i][j] = @min(@min(dp[i][j - 1], dp[i - 1][j]), dp[i - 1][j - 1]) + 1;\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[n][m];\n}\n

    \u5982\u56fe 14-30 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u7f16\u8f91\u8ddd\u79bb\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e0e\u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898\u975e\u5e38\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u4f5c\u586b\u5199\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8c\u7ef4\u7f51\u683c\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002

    <1><2><3><4><5><6><7><8><9><10><11><12><13><14><15>

    \u56fe 14-30 \u00a0 \u7f16\u8f91\u8ddd\u79bb\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u8fc7\u7a0b

    "},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/edit_distance_problem/#3","title":"3. \u00a0 \u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316","text":"

    \u7531\u4e8e \\(dp[i,j]\\) \u662f\u7531\u4e0a\u65b9 \\(dp[i-1, j]\\)\u3001\u5de6\u65b9 \\(dp[i, j-1]\\)\u3001\u5de6\u4e0a\u65b9 \\(dp[i-1, j-1]\\) \u8f6c\u79fb\u800c\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u6b63\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u4f1a\u4e22\u5931\u5de6\u4e0a\u65b9 \\(dp[i-1, j-1]\\) \uff0c\u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u65e0\u6cd5\u63d0\u524d\u6784\u5efa \\(dp[i, j-1]\\) \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e24\u79cd\u904d\u5386\u987a\u5e8f\u90fd\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d6\u3002

    \u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf leftup \u6765\u6682\u5b58\u5de6\u4e0a\u65b9\u7684\u89e3 \\(dp[i-1, j-1]\\) \uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u53ea\u9700\u8003\u8651\u5de6\u65b9\u548c\u4e0a\u65b9\u7684\u89e3\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0e\u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u53ef\u4f7f\u7528\u6b63\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u3002\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig edit_distance.py
    def edit_distance_dp_comp(s: str, t: str) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u7f16\u8f91\u8ddd\u79bb\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\"\"\"\n    n, m = len(s), len(t)\n    dp = [0] * (m + 1)\n    # \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\n    for j in range(1, m + 1):\n        dp[j] = j\n    # \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\n    for i in range(1, n + 1):\n        # \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u5217\n        leftup = dp[0]  # \u6682\u5b58 dp[i-1, j-1]\n        dp[0] += 1\n        # \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u5217\n        for j in range(1, m + 1):\n            temp = dp[j]\n            if s[i - 1] == t[j - 1]:\n                # \u82e5\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7\u6b64\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\n                dp[j] = leftup\n            else:\n                # \u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 = \u63d2\u5165\u3001\u5220\u9664\u3001\u66ff\u6362\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 + 1\n                dp[j] = min(dp[j - 1], dp[j], leftup) + 1\n            leftup = temp  # \u66f4\u65b0\u4e3a\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u7684 dp[i-1, j-1]\n    return dp[m]\n
    edit_distance.cpp
    /* \u7f16\u8f91\u8ddd\u79bb\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint editDistanceDPComp(string s, string t) {\n    int n = s.length(), m = t.length();\n    vector<int> dp(m + 1, 0);\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\n    for (int j = 1; j <= m; j++) {\n        dp[j] = j;\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\n    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u5217\n        int leftup = dp[0]; // \u6682\u5b58 dp[i-1, j-1]\n        dp[0] = i;\n        // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u5217\n        for (int j = 1; j <= m; j++) {\n            int temp = dp[j];\n            if (s[i - 1] == t[j - 1]) {\n                // \u82e5\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7\u6b64\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\n                dp[j] = leftup;\n            } else {\n                // \u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 = \u63d2\u5165\u3001\u5220\u9664\u3001\u66ff\u6362\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 + 1\n                dp[j] = min(min(dp[j - 1], dp[j]), leftup) + 1;\n            }\n            leftup = temp; // \u66f4\u65b0\u4e3a\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u7684 dp[i-1, j-1]\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[m];\n}\n
    edit_distance.java
    /* \u7f16\u8f91\u8ddd\u79bb\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint editDistanceDPComp(String s, String t) {\n    int n = s.length(), m = t.length();\n    int[] dp = new int[m + 1];\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\n    for (int j = 1; j <= m; j++) {\n        dp[j] = j;\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\n    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u5217\n        int leftup = dp[0]; // \u6682\u5b58 dp[i-1, j-1]\n        dp[0] = i;\n        // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u5217\n        for (int j = 1; j <= m; j++) {\n            int temp = dp[j];\n            if (s.charAt(i - 1) == t.charAt(j - 1)) {\n                // \u82e5\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7\u6b64\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\n                dp[j] = leftup;\n            } else {\n                // \u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 = \u63d2\u5165\u3001\u5220\u9664\u3001\u66ff\u6362\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 + 1\n                dp[j] = Math.min(Math.min(dp[j - 1], dp[j]), leftup) + 1;\n            }\n            leftup = temp; // \u66f4\u65b0\u4e3a\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u7684 dp[i-1, j-1]\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[m];\n}\n
    edit_distance.cs
    /* \u7f16\u8f91\u8ddd\u79bb\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint EditDistanceDPComp(string s, string t) {\n    int n = s.Length, m = t.Length;\n    int[] dp = new int[m + 1];\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\n    for (int j = 1; j <= m; j++) {\n        dp[j] = j;\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\n    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u5217\n        int leftup = dp[0]; // \u6682\u5b58 dp[i-1, j-1]\n        dp[0] = i;\n        // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u5217\n        for (int j = 1; j <= m; j++) {\n            int temp = dp[j];\n            if (s[i - 1] == t[j - 1]) {\n                // \u82e5\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7\u6b64\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\n                dp[j] = leftup;\n            } else {\n                // \u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 = \u63d2\u5165\u3001\u5220\u9664\u3001\u66ff\u6362\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 + 1\n                dp[j] = Math.Min(Math.Min(dp[j - 1], dp[j]), leftup) + 1;\n            }\n            leftup = temp; // \u66f4\u65b0\u4e3a\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u7684 dp[i-1, j-1]\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[m];\n}\n
    edit_distance.go
    /* \u7f16\u8f91\u8ddd\u79bb\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunc editDistanceDPComp(s string, t string) int {\n    n := len(s)\n    m := len(t)\n    dp := make([]int, m+1)\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\n    for j := 1; j <= m; j++ {\n        dp[j] = j\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\n    for i := 1; i <= n; i++ {\n        // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u5217\n        leftUp := dp[0] // \u6682\u5b58 dp[i-1, j-1]\n        dp[0] = i\n        // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u5217\n        for j := 1; j <= m; j++ {\n            temp := dp[j]\n            if s[i-1] == t[j-1] {\n                // \u82e5\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7\u6b64\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\n                dp[j] = leftUp\n            } else {\n                // \u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 = \u63d2\u5165\u3001\u5220\u9664\u3001\u66ff\u6362\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 + 1\n                dp[j] = MinInt(MinInt(dp[j-1], dp[j]), leftUp) + 1\n            }\n            leftUp = temp // \u66f4\u65b0\u4e3a\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u7684 dp[i-1, j-1]\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[m]\n}\n
    edit_distance.swift
    /* \u7f16\u8f91\u8ddd\u79bb\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunc editDistanceDPComp(s: String, t: String) -> Int {\n    let n = s.utf8CString.count\n    let m = t.utf8CString.count\n    var dp = Array(repeating: 0, count: m + 1)\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\n    for j in stride(from: 1, through: m, by: 1) {\n        dp[j] = j\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\n    for i in stride(from: 1, through: n, by: 1) {\n        // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u5217\n        var leftup = dp[0] // \u6682\u5b58 dp[i-1, j-1]\n        dp[0] = i\n        // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u5217\n        for j in stride(from: 1, through: m, by: 1) {\n            let temp = dp[j]\n            if s.utf8CString[i - 1] == t.utf8CString[j - 1] {\n                // \u82e5\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7\u6b64\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\n                dp[j] = leftup\n            } else {\n                // \u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 = \u63d2\u5165\u3001\u5220\u9664\u3001\u66ff\u6362\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 + 1\n                dp[j] = min(min(dp[j - 1], dp[j]), leftup) + 1\n            }\n            leftup = temp // \u66f4\u65b0\u4e3a\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u7684 dp[i-1, j-1]\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[m]\n}\n
    edit_distance.js
    /* \u7f16\u8f91\u8ddd\u79bb\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunction editDistanceDPComp(s, t) {\n    const n = s.length,\n        m = t.length;\n    const dp = new Array(m + 1).fill(0);\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\n    for (let j = 1; j <= m; j++) {\n        dp[j] = j;\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\n    for (let i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u5217\n        let leftup = dp[0]; // \u6682\u5b58 dp[i-1, j-1]\n        dp[0] = i;\n        // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u5217\n        for (let j = 1; j <= m; j++) {\n            const temp = dp[j];\n            if (s.charAt(i - 1) === t.charAt(j - 1)) {\n                // \u82e5\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7\u6b64\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\n                dp[j] = leftup;\n            } else {\n                // \u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 = \u63d2\u5165\u3001\u5220\u9664\u3001\u66ff\u6362\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 + 1\n                dp[j] = Math.min(dp[j - 1], dp[j], leftup) + 1;\n            }\n            leftup = temp; // \u66f4\u65b0\u4e3a\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u7684 dp[i-1, j-1]\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[m];\n}\n
    edit_distance.ts
    /* \u7f16\u8f91\u8ddd\u79bb\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunction editDistanceDPComp(s: string, t: string): number {\n    const n = s.length,\n        m = t.length;\n    const dp = new Array(m + 1).fill(0);\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\n    for (let j = 1; j <= m; j++) {\n        dp[j] = j;\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\n    for (let i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u5217\n        let leftup = dp[0]; // \u6682\u5b58 dp[i-1, j-1]\n        dp[0] = i;\n        // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u5217\n        for (let j = 1; j <= m; j++) {\n            const temp = dp[j];\n            if (s.charAt(i - 1) === t.charAt(j - 1)) {\n                // \u82e5\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7\u6b64\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\n                dp[j] = leftup;\n            } else {\n                // \u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 = \u63d2\u5165\u3001\u5220\u9664\u3001\u66ff\u6362\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 + 1\n                dp[j] = Math.min(dp[j - 1], dp[j], leftup) + 1;\n            }\n            leftup = temp; // \u66f4\u65b0\u4e3a\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u7684 dp[i-1, j-1]\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[m];\n}\n
    edit_distance.dart
    /* \u7f16\u8f91\u8ddd\u79bb\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint editDistanceDPComp(String s, String t) {\n  int n = s.length, m = t.length;\n  List<int> dp = List.filled(m + 1, 0);\n  // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\n  for (int j = 1; j <= m; j++) {\n    dp[j] = j;\n  }\n  // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\n  for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u5217\n    int leftup = dp[0]; // \u6682\u5b58 dp[i-1, j-1]\n    dp[0] = i;\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u5217\n    for (int j = 1; j <= m; j++) {\n      int temp = dp[j];\n      if (s[i - 1] == t[j - 1]) {\n        // \u82e5\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7\u6b64\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\n        dp[j] = leftup;\n      } else {\n        // \u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 = \u63d2\u5165\u3001\u5220\u9664\u3001\u66ff\u6362\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 + 1\n        dp[j] = min(min(dp[j - 1], dp[j]), leftup) + 1;\n      }\n      leftup = temp; // \u66f4\u65b0\u4e3a\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u7684 dp[i-1, j-1]\n    }\n  }\n  return dp[m];\n}\n
    edit_distance.rs
    /* \u7f16\u8f91\u8ddd\u79bb\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfn edit_distance_dp_comp(s: &str, t: &str) -> i32 {\n    let (n, m) = (s.len(), t.len());\n    let mut dp = vec![0; m + 1];\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\n    for j in 1..m {\n        dp[j] = j as i32;\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\n    for i in 1..=n {\n        // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u5217\n        let mut leftup = dp[0]; // \u6682\u5b58 dp[i-1, j-1]\n        dp[0] = i as i32;\n        // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u5217\n        for j in 1..=m {\n            let temp = dp[j];\n            if s.chars().nth(i - 1) == t.chars().nth(j - 1) {\n                // \u82e5\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7\u6b64\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\n                dp[j] = leftup;\n            } else {\n                // \u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 = \u63d2\u5165\u3001\u5220\u9664\u3001\u66ff\u6362\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 + 1\n                dp[j] = std::cmp::min(std::cmp::min(dp[j - 1], dp[j]), leftup) + 1;\n            }\n            leftup = temp; // \u66f4\u65b0\u4e3a\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u7684 dp[i-1, j-1]\n        }\n    }\n    dp[m]\n}\n
    edit_distance.c
    /* \u7f16\u8f91\u8ddd\u79bb\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint editDistanceDPComp(char *s, char *t, int n, int m) {\n    int *dp = calloc(m + 1, sizeof(int));\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\n    for (int j = 1; j <= m; j++) {\n        dp[j] = j;\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\n    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u5217\n        int leftup = dp[0]; // \u6682\u5b58 dp[i-1, j-1]\n        dp[0] = i;\n        // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u5217\n        for (int j = 1; j <= m; j++) {\n            int temp = dp[j];\n            if (s[i - 1] == t[j - 1]) {\n                // \u82e5\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7\u6b64\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\n                dp[j] = leftup;\n            } else {\n                // \u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 = \u63d2\u5165\u3001\u5220\u9664\u3001\u66ff\u6362\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 + 1\n                dp[j] = myMin(myMin(dp[j - 1], dp[j]), leftup) + 1;\n            }\n            leftup = temp; // \u66f4\u65b0\u4e3a\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u7684 dp[i-1, j-1]\n        }\n    }\n    int res = dp[m];\n    // \u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\n    free(dp);\n    return res;\n}\n
    edit_distance.zig
    // \u7f16\u8f91\u8ddd\u79bb\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\nfn editDistanceDPComp(comptime s: []const u8, comptime t: []const u8) i32 {\n    comptime var n = s.len;\n    comptime var m = t.len;\n    var dp = [_]i32{0} ** (m + 1);\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\n    for (1..m + 1) |j| {\n        dp[j] = @intCast(j);\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\n    for (1..n + 1) |i| {\n        // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u5217\n        var leftup = dp[0]; // \u6682\u5b58 dp[i-1, j-1]\n        dp[0] = @intCast(i);\n        // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u5217\n        for (1..m + 1) |j| {\n            var temp = dp[j];\n            if (s[i - 1] == t[j - 1]) {\n                // \u82e5\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7\u6b64\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\n                dp[j] = leftup;\n            } else {\n                // \u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 = \u63d2\u5165\u3001\u5220\u9664\u3001\u66ff\u6362\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 + 1\n                dp[j] = @min(@min(dp[j - 1], dp[j]), leftup) + 1;\n            }\n            leftup = temp; // \u66f4\u65b0\u4e3a\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u7684 dp[i-1, j-1]\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[m];\n}\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/intro_to_dynamic_programming/","title":"14.1 \u00a0 \u521d\u63a2\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212","text":"

    \u300c\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 dynamic programming\u300d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u8303\u5f0f\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u5206\u89e3\u4e3a\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u66f4\u5c0f\u7684\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u6765\u907f\u514d\u91cd\u590d\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5927\u5e45\u63d0\u5347\u65f6\u95f4\u6548\u7387\u3002

    \u5728\u672c\u8282\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ecf\u5178\u4f8b\u9898\u5165\u624b\uff0c\u5148\u7ed9\u51fa\u5b83\u7684\u66b4\u529b\u56de\u6eaf\u89e3\u6cd5\uff0c\u89c2\u5bdf\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u7684\u91cd\u53e0\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u518d\u9010\u6b65\u5bfc\u51fa\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u89e3\u6cd5\u3002

    \u722c\u697c\u68af

    \u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5171\u6709 \\(n\\) \u9636\u7684\u697c\u68af\uff0c\u4f60\u6bcf\u6b65\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0a \\(1\\) \u9636\u6216\u8005 \\(2\\) \u9636\uff0c\u8bf7\u95ee\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u53ef\u4ee5\u722c\u5230\u697c\u9876\uff1f

    \u5982\u56fe 14-1 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a \\(3\\) \u9636\u697c\u68af\uff0c\u5171\u6709 \\(3\\) \u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u53ef\u4ee5\u722c\u5230\u697c\u9876\u3002

    \u56fe 14-1 \u00a0 \u722c\u5230\u7b2c 3 \u9636\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u91cf

    \u672c\u9898\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u6c42\u89e3\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8003\u8651\u901a\u8fc7\u56de\u6eaf\u6765\u7a77\u4e3e\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5c06\u722c\u697c\u68af\u60f3\u8c61\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u591a\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff1a\u4ece\u5730\u9762\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u6bcf\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\u4e0a \\(1\\) \u9636\u6216 \\(2\\) \u9636\uff0c\u6bcf\u5f53\u5230\u8fbe\u697c\u68af\u9876\u90e8\u65f6\u5c31\u5c06\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u91cf\u52a0 \\(1\\) \uff0c\u5f53\u8d8a\u8fc7\u697c\u68af\u9876\u90e8\u65f6\u5c31\u5c06\u5176\u526a\u679d\u3002\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig climbing_stairs_backtrack.py
    def backtrack(choices: list[int], state: int, n: int, res: list[int]) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u56de\u6eaf\"\"\"\n    # \u5f53\u722c\u5230\u7b2c n \u9636\u65f6\uff0c\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u91cf\u52a0 1\n    if state == n:\n        res[0] += 1\n    # \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    for choice in choices:\n        # \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u8d8a\u8fc7\u7b2c n \u9636\n        if state + choice > n:\n            continue\n        # \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\n        backtrack(choices, state + choice, n, res)\n        # \u56de\u9000\n\ndef climbing_stairs_backtrack(n: int) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u56de\u6eaf\"\"\"\n    choices = [1, 2]  # \u53ef\u9009\u62e9\u5411\u4e0a\u722c 1 \u9636\u6216 2 \u9636\n    state = 0  # \u4ece\u7b2c 0 \u9636\u5f00\u59cb\u722c\n    res = [0]  # \u4f7f\u7528 res[0] \u8bb0\u5f55\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u91cf\n    backtrack(choices, state, n, res)\n    return res[0]\n
    climbing_stairs_backtrack.cpp
    /* \u56de\u6eaf */\nvoid backtrack(vector<int> &choices, int state, int n, vector<int> &res) {\n    // \u5f53\u722c\u5230\u7b2c n \u9636\u65f6\uff0c\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u91cf\u52a0 1\n    if (state == n)\n        res[0]++;\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    for (auto &choice : choices) {\n        // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u8d8a\u8fc7\u7b2c n \u9636\n        if (state + choice > n)\n            continue;\n        // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\n        backtrack(choices, state + choice, n, res);\n        // \u56de\u9000\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u56de\u6eaf */\nint climbingStairsBacktrack(int n) {\n    vector<int> choices = {1, 2}; // \u53ef\u9009\u62e9\u5411\u4e0a\u722c 1 \u9636\u6216 2 \u9636\n    int state = 0;                // \u4ece\u7b2c 0 \u9636\u5f00\u59cb\u722c\n    vector<int> res = {0};        // \u4f7f\u7528 res[0] \u8bb0\u5f55\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u91cf\n    backtrack(choices, state, n, res);\n    return res[0];\n}\n
    climbing_stairs_backtrack.java
    /* \u56de\u6eaf */\nvoid backtrack(List<Integer> choices, int state, int n, List<Integer> res) {\n    // \u5f53\u722c\u5230\u7b2c n \u9636\u65f6\uff0c\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u91cf\u52a0 1\n    if (state == n)\n        res.set(0, res.get(0) + 1);\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    for (Integer choice : choices) {\n        // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u8d8a\u8fc7\u7b2c n \u9636\n        if (state + choice > n)\n            continue;\n        // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\n        backtrack(choices, state + choice, n, res);\n        // \u56de\u9000\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u56de\u6eaf */\nint climbingStairsBacktrack(int n) {\n    List<Integer> choices = Arrays.asList(1, 2); // \u53ef\u9009\u62e9\u5411\u4e0a\u722c 1 \u9636\u6216 2 \u9636\n    int state = 0; // \u4ece\u7b2c 0 \u9636\u5f00\u59cb\u722c\n    List<Integer> res = new ArrayList<>();\n    res.add(0); // \u4f7f\u7528 res[0] \u8bb0\u5f55\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u91cf\n    backtrack(choices, state, n, res);\n    return res.get(0);\n}\n
    climbing_stairs_backtrack.cs
    /* \u56de\u6eaf */\nvoid Backtrack(List<int> choices, int state, int n, List<int> res) {\n    // \u5f53\u722c\u5230\u7b2c n \u9636\u65f6\uff0c\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u91cf\u52a0 1\n    if (state == n)\n        res[0]++;\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    foreach (int choice in choices) {\n        // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u8d8a\u8fc7\u7b2c n \u9636\n        if (state + choice > n)\n            continue;\n        // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\n        Backtrack(choices, state + choice, n, res);\n        // \u56de\u9000\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u56de\u6eaf */\nint ClimbingStairsBacktrack(int n) {\n    List<int> choices = [1, 2]; // \u53ef\u9009\u62e9\u5411\u4e0a\u722c 1 \u9636\u6216 2 \u9636\n    int state = 0; // \u4ece\u7b2c 0 \u9636\u5f00\u59cb\u722c\n    List<int> res = [0]; // \u4f7f\u7528 res[0] \u8bb0\u5f55\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u91cf\n    Backtrack(choices, state, n, res);\n    return res[0];\n}\n
    climbing_stairs_backtrack.go
    /* \u56de\u6eaf */\nfunc backtrack(choices []int, state, n int, res []int) {\n    // \u5f53\u722c\u5230\u7b2c n \u9636\u65f6\uff0c\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u91cf\u52a0 1\n    if state == n {\n        res[0] = res[0] + 1\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    for _, choice := range choices {\n        // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u8d8a\u8fc7\u7b2c n \u9636\n        if state+choice > n {\n            continue\n        }\n        // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\n        backtrack(choices, state+choice, n, res)\n        // \u56de\u9000\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u56de\u6eaf */\nfunc climbingStairsBacktrack(n int) int {\n    // \u53ef\u9009\u62e9\u5411\u4e0a\u722c 1 \u9636\u6216 2 \u9636\n    choices := []int{1, 2}\n    // \u4ece\u7b2c 0 \u9636\u5f00\u59cb\u722c\n    state := 0\n    res := make([]int, 1)\n    // \u4f7f\u7528 res[0] \u8bb0\u5f55\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u91cf\n    res[0] = 0\n    backtrack(choices, state, n, res)\n    return res[0]\n}\n
    climbing_stairs_backtrack.swift
    /* \u56de\u6eaf */\nfunc backtrack(choices: [Int], state: Int, n: Int, res: inout [Int]) {\n    // \u5f53\u722c\u5230\u7b2c n \u9636\u65f6\uff0c\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u91cf\u52a0 1\n    if state == n {\n        res[0] += 1\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    for choice in choices {\n        // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u8d8a\u8fc7\u7b2c n \u9636\n        if state + choice > n {\n            continue\n        }\n        backtrack(choices: choices, state: state + choice, n: n, res: &res)\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u56de\u6eaf */\nfunc climbingStairsBacktrack(n: Int) -> Int {\n    let choices = [1, 2] // \u53ef\u9009\u62e9\u5411\u4e0a\u722c 1 \u9636\u6216 2 \u9636\n    let state = 0 // \u4ece\u7b2c 0 \u9636\u5f00\u59cb\u722c\n    var res: [Int] = []\n    res.append(0) // \u4f7f\u7528 res[0] \u8bb0\u5f55\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u91cf\n    backtrack(choices: choices, state: state, n: n, res: &res)\n    return res[0]\n}\n
    climbing_stairs_backtrack.js
    /* \u56de\u6eaf */\nfunction backtrack(choices, state, n, res) {\n    // \u5f53\u722c\u5230\u7b2c n \u9636\u65f6\uff0c\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u91cf\u52a0 1\n    if (state === n) res.set(0, res.get(0) + 1);\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    for (const choice of choices) {\n        // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u8d8a\u8fc7\u7b2c n \u9636\n        if (state + choice > n) continue;\n        // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\n        backtrack(choices, state + choice, n, res);\n        // \u56de\u9000\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u56de\u6eaf */\nfunction climbingStairsBacktrack(n) {\n    const choices = [1, 2]; // \u53ef\u9009\u62e9\u5411\u4e0a\u722c 1 \u9636\u6216 2 \u9636\n    const state = 0; // \u4ece\u7b2c 0 \u9636\u5f00\u59cb\u722c\n    const res = new Map();\n    res.set(0, 0); // \u4f7f\u7528 res[0] \u8bb0\u5f55\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u91cf\n    backtrack(choices, state, n, res);\n    return res.get(0);\n}\n
    climbing_stairs_backtrack.ts
    /* \u56de\u6eaf */\nfunction backtrack(\n    choices: number[],\n    state: number,\n    n: number,\n    res: Map<0, any>\n): void {\n    // \u5f53\u722c\u5230\u7b2c n \u9636\u65f6\uff0c\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u91cf\u52a0 1\n    if (state === n) res.set(0, res.get(0) + 1);\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    for (const choice of choices) {\n        // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u8d8a\u8fc7\u7b2c n \u9636\n        if (state + choice > n) continue;\n        // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\n        backtrack(choices, state + choice, n, res);\n        // \u56de\u9000\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u56de\u6eaf */\nfunction climbingStairsBacktrack(n: number): number {\n    const choices = [1, 2]; // \u53ef\u9009\u62e9\u5411\u4e0a\u722c 1 \u9636\u6216 2 \u9636\n    const state = 0; // \u4ece\u7b2c 0 \u9636\u5f00\u59cb\u722c\n    const res = new Map();\n    res.set(0, 0); // \u4f7f\u7528 res[0] \u8bb0\u5f55\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u91cf\n    backtrack(choices, state, n, res);\n    return res.get(0);\n}\n
    climbing_stairs_backtrack.dart
    /* \u56de\u6eaf */\nvoid backtrack(List<int> choices, int state, int n, List<int> res) {\n  // \u5f53\u722c\u5230\u7b2c n \u9636\u65f6\uff0c\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u91cf\u52a0 1\n  if (state == n) {\n    res[0]++;\n  }\n  // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n  for (int choice in choices) {\n    // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u8d8a\u8fc7\u7b2c n \u9636\n    if (state + choice > n) continue;\n    // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\n    backtrack(choices, state + choice, n, res);\n    // \u56de\u9000\n  }\n}\n\n/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u56de\u6eaf */\nint climbingStairsBacktrack(int n) {\n  List<int> choices = [1, 2]; // \u53ef\u9009\u62e9\u5411\u4e0a\u722c 1 \u9636\u6216 2 \u9636\n  int state = 0; // \u4ece\u7b2c 0 \u9636\u5f00\u59cb\u722c\n  List<int> res = [];\n  res.add(0); // \u4f7f\u7528 res[0] \u8bb0\u5f55\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u91cf\n  backtrack(choices, state, n, res);\n  return res[0];\n}\n
    climbing_stairs_backtrack.rs
    /* \u56de\u6eaf */\nfn backtrack(choices: &[i32], state: i32, n: i32, res: &mut [i32]) {\n    // \u5f53\u722c\u5230\u7b2c n \u9636\u65f6\uff0c\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u91cf\u52a0 1\n    if state == n { res[0] = res[0] + 1; }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    for &choice in choices {\n        // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u8d8a\u8fc7\u7b2c n \u9636\n        if state + choice > n { continue; }\n        // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\n        backtrack(choices, state + choice, n, res);\n        // \u56de\u9000\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u56de\u6eaf */\nfn climbing_stairs_backtrack(n: usize) -> i32 {\n    let choices = vec![ 1, 2 ]; // \u53ef\u9009\u62e9\u5411\u4e0a\u722c 1 \u9636\u6216 2 \u9636\n    let state = 0; // \u4ece\u7b2c 0 \u9636\u5f00\u59cb\u722c\n    let mut res = Vec::new();\n    res.push(0); // \u4f7f\u7528 res[0] \u8bb0\u5f55\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u91cf\n    backtrack(&choices, state, n as i32, &mut res);\n    res[0]\n}\n
    climbing_stairs_backtrack.c
    /* \u56de\u6eaf */\nvoid backtrack(int *choices, int state, int n, int *res, int len) {\n    // \u5f53\u722c\u5230\u7b2c n \u9636\u65f6\uff0c\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u91cf\u52a0 1\n    if (state == n)\n        res[0]++;\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {\n        int choice = choices[i];\n        // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u8d8a\u8fc7\u7b2c n \u9636\n        if (state + choice > n)\n            continue;\n        // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\n        backtrack(choices, state + choice, n, res, len);\n        // \u56de\u9000\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u56de\u6eaf */\nint climbingStairsBacktrack(int n) {\n    int choices[2] = {1, 2}; // \u53ef\u9009\u62e9\u5411\u4e0a\u722c 1 \u9636\u6216 2 \u9636\n    int state = 0;           // \u4ece\u7b2c 0 \u9636\u5f00\u59cb\u722c\n    int *res = (int *)malloc(sizeof(int));\n    *res = 0; // \u4f7f\u7528 res[0] \u8bb0\u5f55\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u91cf\n    int len = sizeof(choices) / sizeof(int);\n    backtrack(choices, state, n, res, len);\n    int result = *res;\n    free(res);\n    return result;\n}\n
    climbing_stairs_backtrack.zig
    // \u56de\u6eaf\nfn backtrack(choices: []i32, state: i32, n: i32, res: std.ArrayList(i32)) void {\n    // \u5f53\u722c\u5230\u7b2c n \u9636\u65f6\uff0c\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u91cf\u52a0 1\n    if (state == n) {\n        res.items[0] = res.items[0] + 1;\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    for (choices) |choice| {\n        // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u8d8a\u8fc7\u7b2c n \u9636\n        if (state + choice > n) {\n            continue;\n        }\n        // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\n        backtrack(choices, state + choice, n, res);\n        // \u56de\u9000\n    }\n}\n\n// \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u56de\u6eaf\nfn climbingStairsBacktrack(n: usize) !i32 {\n    var choices = [_]i32{ 1, 2 }; // \u53ef\u9009\u62e9\u5411\u4e0a\u722c 1 \u9636\u6216 2 \u9636\n    var state: i32 = 0; // \u4ece\u7b2c 0 \u9636\u5f00\u59cb\u722c\n    var res = std.ArrayList(i32).init(std.heap.page_allocator);\n    defer res.deinit();\n    try res.append(0); // \u4f7f\u7528 res[0] \u8bb0\u5f55\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u91cf\n    backtrack(&choices, state, @intCast(n), res);\n    return res.items[0];\n}\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/intro_to_dynamic_programming/#1411","title":"14.1.1 \u00a0 \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e00\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22","text":"

    \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\u901a\u5e38\u5e76\u4e0d\u663e\u5f0f\u5730\u5bf9\u95ee\u9898\u8fdb\u884c\u62c6\u89e3\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5c06\u6c42\u89e3\u95ee\u9898\u770b\u4f5c\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u51b3\u7b56\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u8bd5\u63a2\u548c\u526a\u679d\uff0c\u641c\u7d22\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u89e3\u3002

    \u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4ece\u95ee\u9898\u5206\u89e3\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u5206\u6790\u8fd9\u9053\u9898\u3002\u8bbe\u722c\u5230\u7b2c \\(i\\) \u9636\u5171\u6709 \\(dp[i]\\) \u79cd\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48 \\(dp[i]\\) \u5c31\u662f\u539f\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5176\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u5305\u62ec\uff1a

    \\[ dp[i-1], dp[i-2], \\dots, dp[2], dp[1] \\]

    \u7531\u4e8e\u6bcf\u8f6e\u53ea\u80fd\u4e0a \\(1\\) \u9636\u6216 \\(2\\) \u9636\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u7ad9\u5728\u7b2c \\(i\\) \u9636\u697c\u68af\u4e0a\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0a\u4e00\u8f6e\u53ea\u53ef\u80fd\u7ad9\u5728\u7b2c \\(i - 1\\) \u9636\u6216\u7b2c \\(i - 2\\) \u9636\u4e0a\u3002\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u80fd\u4ece\u7b2c \\(i -1\\) \u9636\u6216\u7b2c \\(i - 2\\) \u9636\u8fc8\u5411\u7b2c \\(i\\) \u9636\u3002

    \u7531\u6b64\u4fbf\u53ef\u5f97\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u63a8\u8bba\uff1a\u722c\u5230\u7b2c \\(i - 1\\) \u9636\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u52a0\u4e0a\u722c\u5230\u7b2c \\(i - 2\\) \u9636\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u5c31\u7b49\u4e8e\u722c\u5230\u7b2c \\(i\\) \u9636\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u3002\u516c\u5f0f\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a

    \\[ dp[i] = dp[i-1] + dp[i-2] \\]

    \u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5728\u722c\u697c\u68af\u95ee\u9898\u4e2d\uff0c\u5404\u4e2a\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u9012\u63a8\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u539f\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u53ef\u4ee5\u7531\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u6784\u5efa\u5f97\u6765\u3002\u56fe 14-2 \u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u8be5\u9012\u63a8\u5173\u7cfb\u3002

    \u56fe 14-2 \u00a0 \u65b9\u6848\u6570\u91cf\u9012\u63a8\u5173\u7cfb

    \u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u9012\u63a8\u516c\u5f0f\u5f97\u5230\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22\u89e3\u6cd5\u3002\u4ee5 \\(dp[n]\\) \u4e3a\u8d77\u59cb\u70b9\uff0c\u9012\u5f52\u5730\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f83\u5927\u95ee\u9898\u62c6\u89e3\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u8f83\u5c0f\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u548c\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u5230\u8fbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898 \\(dp[1]\\) \u548c \\(dp[2]\\) \u65f6\u8fd4\u56de\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u662f\u5df2\u77e5\u7684\uff0c\u5373 \\(dp[1] = 1\\)\u3001\\(dp[2] = 2\\) \uff0c\u8868\u793a\u722c\u5230\u7b2c \\(1\\)\u3001\\(2\\) \u9636\u5206\u522b\u6709 \\(1\\)\u3001\\(2\\) \u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u3002

    \u89c2\u5bdf\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u5b83\u548c\u6807\u51c6\u56de\u6eaf\u4ee3\u7801\u90fd\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u641c\u7d22\uff0c\u4f46\u66f4\u52a0\u7b80\u6d01\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig climbing_stairs_dfs.py
    def dfs(i: int) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u641c\u7d22\"\"\"\n    # \u5df2\u77e5 dp[1] \u548c dp[2] \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\n    if i == 1 or i == 2:\n        return i\n    # dp[i] = dp[i-1] + dp[i-2]\n    count = dfs(i - 1) + dfs(i - 2)\n    return count\n\ndef climbing_stairs_dfs(n: int) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u641c\u7d22\"\"\"\n    return dfs(n)\n
    climbing_stairs_dfs.cpp
    /* \u641c\u7d22 */\nint dfs(int i) {\n    // \u5df2\u77e5 dp[1] \u548c dp[2] \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\n    if (i == 1 || i == 2)\n        return i;\n    // dp[i] = dp[i-1] + dp[i-2]\n    int count = dfs(i - 1) + dfs(i - 2);\n    return count;\n}\n\n/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u641c\u7d22 */\nint climbingStairsDFS(int n) {\n    return dfs(n);\n}\n
    climbing_stairs_dfs.java
    /* \u641c\u7d22 */\nint dfs(int i) {\n    // \u5df2\u77e5 dp[1] \u548c dp[2] \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\n    if (i == 1 || i == 2)\n        return i;\n    // dp[i] = dp[i-1] + dp[i-2]\n    int count = dfs(i - 1) + dfs(i - 2);\n    return count;\n}\n\n/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u641c\u7d22 */\nint climbingStairsDFS(int n) {\n    return dfs(n);\n}\n
    climbing_stairs_dfs.cs
    /* \u641c\u7d22 */\nint DFS(int i) {\n    // \u5df2\u77e5 dp[1] \u548c dp[2] \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\n    if (i == 1 || i == 2)\n        return i;\n    // dp[i] = dp[i-1] + dp[i-2]\n    int count = DFS(i - 1) + DFS(i - 2);\n    return count;\n}\n\n/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u641c\u7d22 */\nint ClimbingStairsDFS(int n) {\n    return DFS(n);\n}\n
    climbing_stairs_dfs.go
    /* \u641c\u7d22 */\nfunc dfs(i int) int {\n    // \u5df2\u77e5 dp[1] \u548c dp[2] \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\n    if i == 1 || i == 2 {\n        return i\n    }\n    // dp[i] = dp[i-1] + dp[i-2]\n    count := dfs(i-1) + dfs(i-2)\n    return count\n}\n\n/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u641c\u7d22 */\nfunc climbingStairsDFS(n int) int {\n    return dfs(n)\n}\n
    climbing_stairs_dfs.swift
    /* \u641c\u7d22 */\nfunc dfs(i: Int) -> Int {\n    // \u5df2\u77e5 dp[1] \u548c dp[2] \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\n    if i == 1 || i == 2 {\n        return i\n    }\n    // dp[i] = dp[i-1] + dp[i-2]\n    let count = dfs(i: i - 1) + dfs(i: i - 2)\n    return count\n}\n\n/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u641c\u7d22 */\nfunc climbingStairsDFS(n: Int) -> Int {\n    dfs(i: n)\n}\n
    climbing_stairs_dfs.js
    /* \u641c\u7d22 */\nfunction dfs(i) {\n    // \u5df2\u77e5 dp[1] \u548c dp[2] \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\n    if (i === 1 || i === 2) return i;\n    // dp[i] = dp[i-1] + dp[i-2]\n    const count = dfs(i - 1) + dfs(i - 2);\n    return count;\n}\n\n/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u641c\u7d22 */\nfunction climbingStairsDFS(n) {\n    return dfs(n);\n}\n
    climbing_stairs_dfs.ts
    /* \u641c\u7d22 */\nfunction dfs(i: number): number {\n    // \u5df2\u77e5 dp[1] \u548c dp[2] \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\n    if (i === 1 || i === 2) return i;\n    // dp[i] = dp[i-1] + dp[i-2]\n    const count = dfs(i - 1) + dfs(i - 2);\n    return count;\n}\n\n/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u641c\u7d22 */\nfunction climbingStairsDFS(n: number): number {\n    return dfs(n);\n}\n
    climbing_stairs_dfs.dart
    /* \u641c\u7d22 */\nint dfs(int i) {\n  // \u5df2\u77e5 dp[1] \u548c dp[2] \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\n  if (i == 1 || i == 2) return i;\n  // dp[i] = dp[i-1] + dp[i-2]\n  int count = dfs(i - 1) + dfs(i - 2);\n  return count;\n}\n\n/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u641c\u7d22 */\nint climbingStairsDFS(int n) {\n  return dfs(n);\n}\n
    climbing_stairs_dfs.rs
    /* \u641c\u7d22 */\nfn dfs(i: usize) -> i32 {\n    // \u5df2\u77e5 dp[1] \u548c dp[2] \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\n    if i == 1 || i == 2 { return i as i32; }\n    // dp[i] = dp[i-1] + dp[i-2]\n    let count = dfs(i - 1) + dfs(i - 2);\n    count\n}\n\n/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u641c\u7d22 */\nfn climbing_stairs_dfs(n: usize) -> i32 {\n    dfs(n) \n}\n
    climbing_stairs_dfs.c
    /* \u641c\u7d22 */\nint dfs(int i) {\n    // \u5df2\u77e5 dp[1] \u548c dp[2] \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\n    if (i == 1 || i == 2)\n        return i;\n    // dp[i] = dp[i-1] + dp[i-2]\n    int count = dfs(i - 1) + dfs(i - 2);\n    return count;\n}\n\n/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u641c\u7d22 */\nint climbingStairsDFS(int n) {\n    return dfs(n);\n}\n
    climbing_stairs_dfs.zig
    // \u641c\u7d22\nfn dfs(i: usize) i32 {\n    // \u5df2\u77e5 dp[1] \u548c dp[2] \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\n    if (i == 1 or i == 2) {\n        return @intCast(i);\n    }\n    // dp[i] = dp[i-1] + dp[i-2]\n    var count = dfs(i - 1) + dfs(i - 2);\n    return count;\n}\n\n// \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u641c\u7d22\nfn climbingStairsDFS(comptime n: usize) i32 {\n    return dfs(n);\n}\n

    \u56fe 14-3 \u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u9012\u5f52\u6811\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u95ee\u9898 \\(dp[n]\\) \uff0c\u5176\u9012\u5f52\u6811\u7684\u6df1\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(n\\) \uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(2^n)\\) \u3002\u6307\u6570\u9636\u5c5e\u4e8e\u7206\u70b8\u5f0f\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u8f93\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u6bd4\u8f83\u5927\u7684 \\(n\\) \uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u9677\u5165\u6f2b\u957f\u7684\u7b49\u5f85\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002

    \u56fe 14-3 \u00a0 \u722c\u697c\u68af\u5bf9\u5e94\u9012\u5f52\u6811

    \u89c2\u5bdf\u56fe 14-3 \uff0c\u6307\u6570\u9636\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u662f\u201c\u91cd\u53e0\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u201d\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u3002\u4f8b\u5982 \\(dp[9]\\) \u88ab\u5206\u89e3\u4e3a \\(dp[8]\\) \u548c \\(dp[7]\\) \uff0c\\(dp[8]\\) \u88ab\u5206\u89e3\u4e3a \\(dp[7]\\) \u548c \\(dp[6]\\) \uff0c\u4e24\u8005\u90fd\u5305\u542b\u5b50\u95ee\u9898 \\(dp[7]\\) \u3002

    \u4ee5\u6b64\u7c7b\u63a8\uff0c\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u66f4\u5c0f\u7684\u91cd\u53e0\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5b50\u5b50\u5b59\u5b59\u65e0\u7a77\u5c3d\u4e5f\u3002\u7edd\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u8ba1\u7b97\u8d44\u6e90\u90fd\u6d6a\u8d39\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u91cd\u53e0\u7684\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/intro_to_dynamic_programming/#1412","title":"14.1.2 \u00a0 \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e8c\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22","text":"

    \u4e3a\u4e86\u63d0\u5347\u7b97\u6cd5\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u6240\u6709\u7684\u91cd\u53e0\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u90fd\u53ea\u88ab\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e00\u6b21\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u58f0\u660e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4 mem \u6765\u8bb0\u5f55\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u641c\u7d22\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5c06\u91cd\u53e0\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u526a\u679d\u3002

    1. \u5f53\u9996\u6b21\u8ba1\u7b97 \\(dp[i]\\) \u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5176\u8bb0\u5f55\u81f3 mem[i] \uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u4e4b\u540e\u4f7f\u7528\u3002
    2. \u5f53\u518d\u6b21\u9700\u8981\u8ba1\u7b97 \\(dp[i]\\) \u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4fbf\u53ef\u76f4\u63a5\u4ece mem[i] \u4e2d\u83b7\u53d6\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u907f\u514d\u91cd\u590d\u8ba1\u7b97\u8be5\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u3002

    \u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig climbing_stairs_dfs_mem.py
    def dfs(i: int, mem: list[int]) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22\"\"\"\n    # \u5df2\u77e5 dp[1] \u548c dp[2] \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\n    if i == 1 or i == 2:\n        return i\n    # \u82e5\u5b58\u5728\u8bb0\u5f55 dp[i] \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\n    if mem[i] != -1:\n        return mem[i]\n    # dp[i] = dp[i-1] + dp[i-2]\n    count = dfs(i - 1, mem) + dfs(i - 2, mem)\n    # \u8bb0\u5f55 dp[i]\n    mem[i] = count\n    return count\n\ndef climbing_stairs_dfs_mem(n: int) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22\"\"\"\n    # mem[i] \u8bb0\u5f55\u722c\u5230\u7b2c i \u9636\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u603b\u6570\uff0c-1 \u4ee3\u8868\u65e0\u8bb0\u5f55\n    mem = [-1] * (n + 1)\n    return dfs(n, mem)\n
    climbing_stairs_dfs_mem.cpp
    /* \u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nint dfs(int i, vector<int> &mem) {\n    // \u5df2\u77e5 dp[1] \u548c dp[2] \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\n    if (i == 1 || i == 2)\n        return i;\n    // \u82e5\u5b58\u5728\u8bb0\u5f55 dp[i] \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\n    if (mem[i] != -1)\n        return mem[i];\n    // dp[i] = dp[i-1] + dp[i-2]\n    int count = dfs(i - 1, mem) + dfs(i - 2, mem);\n    // \u8bb0\u5f55 dp[i]\n    mem[i] = count;\n    return count;\n}\n\n/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nint climbingStairsDFSMem(int n) {\n    // mem[i] \u8bb0\u5f55\u722c\u5230\u7b2c i \u9636\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u603b\u6570\uff0c-1 \u4ee3\u8868\u65e0\u8bb0\u5f55\n    vector<int> mem(n + 1, -1);\n    return dfs(n, mem);\n}\n
    climbing_stairs_dfs_mem.java
    /* \u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nint dfs(int i, int[] mem) {\n    // \u5df2\u77e5 dp[1] \u548c dp[2] \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\n    if (i == 1 || i == 2)\n        return i;\n    // \u82e5\u5b58\u5728\u8bb0\u5f55 dp[i] \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\n    if (mem[i] != -1)\n        return mem[i];\n    // dp[i] = dp[i-1] + dp[i-2]\n    int count = dfs(i - 1, mem) + dfs(i - 2, mem);\n    // \u8bb0\u5f55 dp[i]\n    mem[i] = count;\n    return count;\n}\n\n/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nint climbingStairsDFSMem(int n) {\n    // mem[i] \u8bb0\u5f55\u722c\u5230\u7b2c i \u9636\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u603b\u6570\uff0c-1 \u4ee3\u8868\u65e0\u8bb0\u5f55\n    int[] mem = new int[n + 1];\n    Arrays.fill(mem, -1);\n    return dfs(n, mem);\n}\n
    climbing_stairs_dfs_mem.cs
    /* \u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nint DFS(int i, int[] mem) {\n    // \u5df2\u77e5 dp[1] \u548c dp[2] \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\n    if (i == 1 || i == 2)\n        return i;\n    // \u82e5\u5b58\u5728\u8bb0\u5f55 dp[i] \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\n    if (mem[i] != -1)\n        return mem[i];\n    // dp[i] = dp[i-1] + dp[i-2]\n    int count = DFS(i - 1, mem) + DFS(i - 2, mem);\n    // \u8bb0\u5f55 dp[i]\n    mem[i] = count;\n    return count;\n}\n\n/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nint ClimbingStairsDFSMem(int n) {\n    // mem[i] \u8bb0\u5f55\u722c\u5230\u7b2c i \u9636\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u603b\u6570\uff0c-1 \u4ee3\u8868\u65e0\u8bb0\u5f55\n    int[] mem = new int[n + 1];\n    Array.Fill(mem, -1);\n    return DFS(n, mem);\n}\n
    climbing_stairs_dfs_mem.go
    /* \u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nfunc dfsMem(i int, mem []int) int {\n    // \u5df2\u77e5 dp[1] \u548c dp[2] \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\n    if i == 1 || i == 2 {\n        return i\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u5b58\u5728\u8bb0\u5f55 dp[i] \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\n    if mem[i] != -1 {\n        return mem[i]\n    }\n    // dp[i] = dp[i-1] + dp[i-2]\n    count := dfsMem(i-1, mem) + dfsMem(i-2, mem)\n    // \u8bb0\u5f55 dp[i]\n    mem[i] = count\n    return count\n}\n\n/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nfunc climbingStairsDFSMem(n int) int {\n    // mem[i] \u8bb0\u5f55\u722c\u5230\u7b2c i \u9636\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u603b\u6570\uff0c-1 \u4ee3\u8868\u65e0\u8bb0\u5f55\n    mem := make([]int, n+1)\n    for i := range mem {\n        mem[i] = -1\n    }\n    return dfsMem(n, mem)\n}\n
    climbing_stairs_dfs_mem.swift
    /* \u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nfunc dfs(i: Int, mem: inout [Int]) -> Int {\n    // \u5df2\u77e5 dp[1] \u548c dp[2] \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\n    if i == 1 || i == 2 {\n        return i\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u5b58\u5728\u8bb0\u5f55 dp[i] \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\n    if mem[i] != -1 {\n        return mem[i]\n    }\n    // dp[i] = dp[i-1] + dp[i-2]\n    let count = dfs(i: i - 1, mem: &mem) + dfs(i: i - 2, mem: &mem)\n    // \u8bb0\u5f55 dp[i]\n    mem[i] = count\n    return count\n}\n\n/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nfunc climbingStairsDFSMem(n: Int) -> Int {\n    // mem[i] \u8bb0\u5f55\u722c\u5230\u7b2c i \u9636\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u603b\u6570\uff0c-1 \u4ee3\u8868\u65e0\u8bb0\u5f55\n    var mem = Array(repeating: -1, count: n + 1)\n    return dfs(i: n, mem: &mem)\n}\n
    climbing_stairs_dfs_mem.js
    /* \u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nfunction dfs(i, mem) {\n    // \u5df2\u77e5 dp[1] \u548c dp[2] \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\n    if (i === 1 || i === 2) return i;\n    // \u82e5\u5b58\u5728\u8bb0\u5f55 dp[i] \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\n    if (mem[i] != -1) return mem[i];\n    // dp[i] = dp[i-1] + dp[i-2]\n    const count = dfs(i - 1, mem) + dfs(i - 2, mem);\n    // \u8bb0\u5f55 dp[i]\n    mem[i] = count;\n    return count;\n}\n\n/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nfunction climbingStairsDFSMem(n) {\n    // mem[i] \u8bb0\u5f55\u722c\u5230\u7b2c i \u9636\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u603b\u6570\uff0c-1 \u4ee3\u8868\u65e0\u8bb0\u5f55\n    const mem = new Array(n + 1).fill(-1);\n    return dfs(n, mem);\n}\n
    climbing_stairs_dfs_mem.ts
    /* \u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nfunction dfs(i: number, mem: number[]): number {\n    // \u5df2\u77e5 dp[1] \u548c dp[2] \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\n    if (i === 1 || i === 2) return i;\n    // \u82e5\u5b58\u5728\u8bb0\u5f55 dp[i] \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\n    if (mem[i] != -1) return mem[i];\n    // dp[i] = dp[i-1] + dp[i-2]\n    const count = dfs(i - 1, mem) + dfs(i - 2, mem);\n    // \u8bb0\u5f55 dp[i]\n    mem[i] = count;\n    return count;\n}\n\n/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nfunction climbingStairsDFSMem(n: number): number {\n    // mem[i] \u8bb0\u5f55\u722c\u5230\u7b2c i \u9636\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u603b\u6570\uff0c-1 \u4ee3\u8868\u65e0\u8bb0\u5f55\n    const mem = new Array(n + 1).fill(-1);\n    return dfs(n, mem);\n}\n
    climbing_stairs_dfs_mem.dart
    /* \u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nint dfs(int i, List<int> mem) {\n  // \u5df2\u77e5 dp[1] \u548c dp[2] \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\n  if (i == 1 || i == 2) return i;\n  // \u82e5\u5b58\u5728\u8bb0\u5f55 dp[i] \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\n  if (mem[i] != -1) return mem[i];\n  // dp[i] = dp[i-1] + dp[i-2]\n  int count = dfs(i - 1, mem) + dfs(i - 2, mem);\n  // \u8bb0\u5f55 dp[i]\n  mem[i] = count;\n  return count;\n}\n\n/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nint climbingStairsDFSMem(int n) {\n  // mem[i] \u8bb0\u5f55\u722c\u5230\u7b2c i \u9636\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u603b\u6570\uff0c-1 \u4ee3\u8868\u65e0\u8bb0\u5f55\n  List<int> mem = List.filled(n + 1, -1);\n  return dfs(n, mem);\n}\n
    climbing_stairs_dfs_mem.rs
    /* \u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nfn dfs(i: usize, mem: &mut [i32]) -> i32 {\n    // \u5df2\u77e5 dp[1] \u548c dp[2] \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\n    if i == 1 || i == 2 { return i as i32; }\n    // \u82e5\u5b58\u5728\u8bb0\u5f55 dp[i] \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\n    if mem[i] != -1 { return mem[i]; }\n    // dp[i] = dp[i-1] + dp[i-2]\n    let count = dfs(i - 1, mem) + dfs(i - 2, mem);\n    // \u8bb0\u5f55 dp[i]\n    mem[i] = count;\n    count\n}\n\n/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nfn climbing_stairs_dfs_mem(n: usize) -> i32 {\n    // mem[i] \u8bb0\u5f55\u722c\u5230\u7b2c i \u9636\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u603b\u6570\uff0c-1 \u4ee3\u8868\u65e0\u8bb0\u5f55\n    let mut mem = vec![-1; n + 1];\n    dfs(n, &mut mem)\n}\n
    climbing_stairs_dfs_mem.c
    /* \u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nint dfs(int i, int *mem) {\n    // \u5df2\u77e5 dp[1] \u548c dp[2] \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\n    if (i == 1 || i == 2)\n        return i;\n    // \u82e5\u5b58\u5728\u8bb0\u5f55 dp[i] \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\n    if (mem[i] != -1)\n        return mem[i];\n    // dp[i] = dp[i-1] + dp[i-2]\n    int count = dfs(i - 1, mem) + dfs(i - 2, mem);\n    // \u8bb0\u5f55 dp[i]\n    mem[i] = count;\n    return count;\n}\n\n/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nint climbingStairsDFSMem(int n) {\n    // mem[i] \u8bb0\u5f55\u722c\u5230\u7b2c i \u9636\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u603b\u6570\uff0c-1 \u4ee3\u8868\u65e0\u8bb0\u5f55\n    int *mem = (int *)malloc((n + 1) * sizeof(int));\n    for (int i = 0; i <= n; i++) {\n        mem[i] = -1;\n    }\n    int result = dfs(n, mem);\n    free(mem);\n    return result;\n}\n
    climbing_stairs_dfs_mem.zig
    // \u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22\nfn dfs(i: usize, mem: []i32) i32 {\n    // \u5df2\u77e5 dp[1] \u548c dp[2] \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\n    if (i == 1 or i == 2) {\n        return @intCast(i);\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u5b58\u5728\u8bb0\u5f55 dp[i] \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\n    if (mem[i] != -1) {\n        return mem[i];\n    }\n    // dp[i] = dp[i-1] + dp[i-2]\n    var count = dfs(i - 1, mem) + dfs(i - 2, mem);\n    // \u8bb0\u5f55 dp[i]\n    mem[i] = count;\n    return count;\n}\n\n// \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22\nfn climbingStairsDFSMem(comptime n: usize) i32 {\n    // mem[i] \u8bb0\u5f55\u722c\u5230\u7b2c i \u9636\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u603b\u6570\uff0c-1 \u4ee3\u8868\u65e0\u8bb0\u5f55\n    var mem = [_]i32{ -1 } ** (n + 1);\n    return dfs(n, &mem);\n}\n

    \u89c2\u5bdf\u56fe 14-4 \uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u5904\u7406\u540e\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u91cd\u53e0\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u90fd\u53ea\u9700\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4f18\u5316\u81f3 \\(O(n)\\) \uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u98de\u8dc3\u3002

    \u56fe 14-4 \u00a0 \u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22\u5bf9\u5e94\u9012\u5f52\u6811

    "},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/intro_to_dynamic_programming/#1413","title":"14.1.3 \u00a0 \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e09\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212","text":"

    \u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u201d\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u4ece\u539f\u95ee\u9898\uff08\u6839\u8282\u70b9\uff09\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u9012\u5f52\u5730\u5c06\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u5206\u89e3\u4e3a\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u89e3\u5df2\u77e5\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff08\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\uff09\u3002\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u56de\u6eaf\u9010\u5c42\u6536\u96c6\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\uff0c\u6784\u5efa\u51fa\u539f\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u3002

    \u4e0e\u4e4b\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u4ece\u5e95\u81f3\u9876\u201d\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a\u4ece\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u8fed\u4ee3\u5730\u6784\u5efa\u66f4\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u5f97\u5230\u539f\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u3002

    \u7531\u4e8e\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u56de\u6eaf\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53ea\u9700\u4f7f\u7528\u5faa\u73af\u8fed\u4ee3\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u65e0\u987b\u4f7f\u7528\u9012\u5f52\u3002\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4 dp \u6765\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\uff0c\u5b83\u8d77\u5230\u4e86\u4e0e\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22\u4e2d\u6570\u7ec4 mem \u76f8\u540c\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u4f5c\u7528\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig climbing_stairs_dp.py
    def climbing_stairs_dp(n: int) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\"\"\"\n    if n == 1 or n == 2:\n        return n\n    # \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n    dp = [0] * (n + 1)\n    # \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u9884\u8bbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n    dp[1], dp[2] = 1, 2\n    # \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\n    for i in range(3, n + 1):\n        dp[i] = dp[i - 1] + dp[i - 2]\n    return dp[n]\n
    climbing_stairs_dp.cpp
    /* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint climbingStairsDP(int n) {\n    if (n == 1 || n == 2)\n        return n;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n    vector<int> dp(n + 1);\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u9884\u8bbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n    dp[1] = 1;\n    dp[2] = 2;\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\n    for (int i = 3; i <= n; i++) {\n        dp[i] = dp[i - 1] + dp[i - 2];\n    }\n    return dp[n];\n}\n
    climbing_stairs_dp.java
    /* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint climbingStairsDP(int n) {\n    if (n == 1 || n == 2)\n        return n;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n    int[] dp = new int[n + 1];\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u9884\u8bbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n    dp[1] = 1;\n    dp[2] = 2;\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\n    for (int i = 3; i <= n; i++) {\n        dp[i] = dp[i - 1] + dp[i - 2];\n    }\n    return dp[n];\n}\n
    climbing_stairs_dp.cs
    /* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint ClimbingStairsDP(int n) {\n    if (n == 1 || n == 2)\n        return n;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n    int[] dp = new int[n + 1];\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u9884\u8bbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n    dp[1] = 1;\n    dp[2] = 2;\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\n    for (int i = 3; i <= n; i++) {\n        dp[i] = dp[i - 1] + dp[i - 2];\n    }\n    return dp[n];\n}\n
    climbing_stairs_dp.go
    /* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunc climbingStairsDP(n int) int {\n    if n == 1 || n == 2 {\n        return n\n    }\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n    dp := make([]int, n+1)\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u9884\u8bbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n    dp[1] = 1\n    dp[2] = 2\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\n    for i := 3; i <= n; i++ {\n        dp[i] = dp[i-1] + dp[i-2]\n    }\n    return dp[n]\n}\n
    climbing_stairs_dp.swift
    /* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunc climbingStairsDP(n: Int) -> Int {\n    if n == 1 || n == 2 {\n        return n\n    }\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n    var dp = Array(repeating: 0, count: n + 1)\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u9884\u8bbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n    dp[1] = 1\n    dp[2] = 2\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\n    for i in stride(from: 3, through: n, by: 1) {\n        dp[i] = dp[i - 1] + dp[i - 2]\n    }\n    return dp[n]\n}\n
    climbing_stairs_dp.js
    /* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunction climbingStairsDP(n) {\n    if (n === 1 || n === 2) return n;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n    const dp = new Array(n + 1).fill(-1);\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u9884\u8bbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n    dp[1] = 1;\n    dp[2] = 2;\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\n    for (let i = 3; i <= n; i++) {\n        dp[i] = dp[i - 1] + dp[i - 2];\n    }\n    return dp[n];\n}\n
    climbing_stairs_dp.ts
    /* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunction climbingStairsDP(n: number): number {\n    if (n === 1 || n === 2) return n;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n    const dp = new Array(n + 1).fill(-1);\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u9884\u8bbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n    dp[1] = 1;\n    dp[2] = 2;\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\n    for (let i = 3; i <= n; i++) {\n        dp[i] = dp[i - 1] + dp[i - 2];\n    }\n    return dp[n];\n}\n
    climbing_stairs_dp.dart
    /* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint climbingStairsDP(int n) {\n  if (n == 1 || n == 2) return n;\n  // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n  List<int> dp = List.filled(n + 1, 0);\n  // \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u9884\u8bbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n  dp[1] = 1;\n  dp[2] = 2;\n  // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\n  for (int i = 3; i <= n; i++) {\n    dp[i] = dp[i - 1] + dp[i - 2];\n  }\n  return dp[n];\n}\n
    climbing_stairs_dp.rs
    /* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfn climbing_stairs_dp(n: usize) -> i32 {\n    // \u5df2\u77e5 dp[1] \u548c dp[2] \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\n    if n == 1 || n == 2 { return n as i32; }\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n    let mut dp = vec![-1; n + 1];\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u9884\u8bbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n    dp[1] = 1;\n    dp[2] = 2;\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\n    for i in 3..=n {\n        dp[i] = dp[i - 1] + dp[i - 2];\n    }\n    dp[n]\n}\n
    climbing_stairs_dp.c
    /* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint climbingStairsDP(int n) {\n    if (n == 1 || n == 2)\n        return n;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n    int *dp = (int *)malloc((n + 1) * sizeof(int));\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u9884\u8bbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n    dp[1] = 1;\n    dp[2] = 2;\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\n    for (int i = 3; i <= n; i++) {\n        dp[i] = dp[i - 1] + dp[i - 2];\n    }\n    int result = dp[n];\n    free(dp);\n    return result;\n}\n
    climbing_stairs_dp.zig
    // \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\nfn climbingStairsDP(comptime n: usize) i32 {\n    // \u5df2\u77e5 dp[1] \u548c dp[2] \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\n    if (n == 1 or n == 2) {\n        return @intCast(n);\n    }\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n    var dp = [_]i32{-1} ** (n + 1);\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u9884\u8bbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n    dp[1] = 1;\n    dp[2] = 2;\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\n    for (3..n + 1) |i| {\n        dp[i] = dp[i - 1] + dp[i - 2];\n    }\n    return dp[n];\n}\n

    \u56fe 14-5 \u6a21\u62df\u4e86\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u6267\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002

    \u56fe 14-5 \u00a0 \u722c\u697c\u68af\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u8fc7\u7a0b

    \u4e0e\u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u4e5f\u4f7f\u7528\u201c\u72b6\u6001\u201d\u6982\u5ff5\u6765\u8868\u793a\u95ee\u9898\u6c42\u89e3\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u90fd\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u4ee5\u53ca\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u5c40\u90e8\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u722c\u697c\u68af\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u5f53\u524d\u6240\u5728\u697c\u68af\u9636\u6570 \\(i\\) \u3002

    \u6839\u636e\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u603b\u7ed3\u51fa\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u7684\u5e38\u7528\u672f\u8bed\u3002

    • \u5c06\u6570\u7ec4 dp \u79f0\u4e3a\u300c\\(dp\\) \u8868\u300d\uff0c\\(dp[i]\\) \u8868\u793a\u72b6\u6001 \\(i\\) \u5bf9\u5e94\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u3002
    • \u5c06\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff08\u7b2c \\(1\\) \u9636\u548c\u7b2c \\(2\\) \u9636\u697c\u68af\uff09\u79f0\u4e3a\u300c\u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\u300d\u3002
    • \u5c06\u9012\u63a8\u516c\u5f0f \\(dp[i] = dp[i-1] + dp[i-2]\\) \u79f0\u4e3a\u300c\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u65b9\u7a0b\u300d\u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/intro_to_dynamic_programming/#1414","title":"14.1.4 \u00a0 \u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316","text":"

    \u7ec6\u5fc3\u7684\u8bfb\u8005\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e \\(dp[i]\\) \u53ea\u4e0e \\(dp[i-1]\\) \u548c \\(dp[i-2]\\) \u6709\u5173\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u987b\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4 dp \u6765\u5b58\u50a8\u6240\u6709\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u9700\u4e24\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u6eda\u52a8\u524d\u8fdb\u5373\u53ef\u3002\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig climbing_stairs_dp.py
    def climbing_stairs_dp_comp(n: int) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\"\"\"\n    if n == 1 or n == 2:\n        return n\n    a, b = 1, 2\n    for _ in range(3, n + 1):\n        a, b = b, a + b\n    return b\n
    climbing_stairs_dp.cpp
    /* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint climbingStairsDPComp(int n) {\n    if (n == 1 || n == 2)\n        return n;\n    int a = 1, b = 2;\n    for (int i = 3; i <= n; i++) {\n        int tmp = b;\n        b = a + b;\n        a = tmp;\n    }\n    return b;\n}\n
    climbing_stairs_dp.java
    /* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint climbingStairsDPComp(int n) {\n    if (n == 1 || n == 2)\n        return n;\n    int a = 1, b = 2;\n    for (int i = 3; i <= n; i++) {\n        int tmp = b;\n        b = a + b;\n        a = tmp;\n    }\n    return b;\n}\n
    climbing_stairs_dp.cs
    /* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint ClimbingStairsDPComp(int n) {\n    if (n == 1 || n == 2)\n        return n;\n    int a = 1, b = 2;\n    for (int i = 3; i <= n; i++) {\n        int tmp = b;\n        b = a + b;\n        a = tmp;\n    }\n    return b;\n}\n
    climbing_stairs_dp.go
    /* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunc climbingStairsDPComp(n int) int {\n    if n == 1 || n == 2 {\n        return n\n    }\n    a, b := 1, 2\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\n    for i := 3; i <= n; i++ {\n        a, b = b, a+b\n    }\n    return b\n}\n
    climbing_stairs_dp.swift
    /* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunc climbingStairsDPComp(n: Int) -> Int {\n    if n == 1 || n == 2 {\n        return n\n    }\n    var a = 1\n    var b = 2\n    for _ in stride(from: 3, through: n, by: 1) {\n        (a, b) = (b, a + b)\n    }\n    return b\n}\n
    climbing_stairs_dp.js
    /* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunction climbingStairsDPComp(n) {\n    if (n === 1 || n === 2) return n;\n    let a = 1,\n        b = 2;\n    for (let i = 3; i <= n; i++) {\n        const tmp = b;\n        b = a + b;\n        a = tmp;\n    }\n    return b;\n}\n
    climbing_stairs_dp.ts
    /* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunction climbingStairsDPComp(n: number): number {\n    if (n === 1 || n === 2) return n;\n    let a = 1,\n        b = 2;\n    for (let i = 3; i <= n; i++) {\n        const tmp = b;\n        b = a + b;\n        a = tmp;\n    }\n    return b;\n}\n
    climbing_stairs_dp.dart
    /* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint climbingStairsDPComp(int n) {\n  if (n == 1 || n == 2) return n;\n  int a = 1, b = 2;\n  for (int i = 3; i <= n; i++) {\n    int tmp = b;\n    b = a + b;\n    a = tmp;\n  }\n  return b;\n}\n
    climbing_stairs_dp.rs
    /* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfn climbing_stairs_dp_comp(n: usize) -> i32 {\n    if n == 1 || n == 2 { return n as i32; }\n    let (mut a, mut b) = (1, 2);\n    for _ in 3..=n {\n        let tmp = b;\n        b = a + b;\n        a = tmp;\n    }\n    b\n}\n
    climbing_stairs_dp.c
    /* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint climbingStairsDPComp(int n) {\n    if (n == 1 || n == 2)\n        return n;\n    int a = 1, b = 2;\n    for (int i = 3; i <= n; i++) {\n        int tmp = b;\n        b = a + b;\n        a = tmp;\n    }\n    return b;\n}\n
    climbing_stairs_dp.zig
    // \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\nfn climbingStairsDPComp(comptime n: usize) i32 {\n    if (n == 1 or n == 2) {\n        return @intCast(n);\n    }\n    var a: i32 = 1;\n    var b: i32 = 2;\n    for (3..n + 1) |_| {\n        var tmp = b;\n        b = a + b;\n        a = tmp;\n    }\n    return b;\n}\n

    \u89c2\u5bdf\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u7701\u53bb\u4e86\u6570\u7ec4 dp \u5360\u7528\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4ece \\(O(n)\\) \u964d\u81f3 \\(O(1)\\) \u3002

    \u5728\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u95ee\u9898\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u5f80\u5f80\u4ec5\u4e0e\u524d\u9762\u6709\u9650\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u53ea\u4fdd\u7559\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u964d\u7ef4\u201d\u6765\u8282\u7701\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u6280\u5de7\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u6eda\u52a8\u53d8\u91cf\u201d\u6216\u201c\u6eda\u52a8\u6570\u7ec4\u201d\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/knapsack_problem/","title":"14.4 \u00a0 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898","text":"

    \u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u597d\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u5165\u95e8\u9898\u76ee\uff0c\u662f\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u4e2d\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u5176\u5177\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u53d8\u79cd\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898\u3001\u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898\u3001\u591a\u91cd\u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898\u7b49\u3002

    \u5728\u672c\u8282\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5148\u6765\u6c42\u89e3\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898\u3002

    Question

    \u7ed9\u5b9a \\(n\\) \u4e2a\u7269\u54c1\uff0c\u7b2c \\(i\\) \u4e2a\u7269\u54c1\u7684\u91cd\u91cf\u4e3a \\(wgt[i-1]\\)\u3001\u4ef7\u503c\u4e3a \\(val[i-1]\\) \uff0c\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e3a \\(cap\\) \u7684\u80cc\u5305\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7269\u54c1\u53ea\u80fd\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u95ee\u5728\u9650\u5b9a\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e0b\u80fd\u653e\u5165\u7269\u54c1\u7684\u6700\u5927\u4ef7\u503c\u3002

    \u89c2\u5bdf\u56fe 14-17 \uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u7269\u54c1\u7f16\u53f7 \\(i\\) \u4ece \\(1\\) \u5f00\u59cb\u8ba1\u6570\uff0c\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15\u4ece \\(0\\) \u5f00\u59cb\u8ba1\u6570\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7269\u54c1 \\(i\\) \u5bf9\u5e94\u91cd\u91cf \\(wgt[i-1]\\) \u548c\u4ef7\u503c \\(val[i-1]\\) \u3002

    \u56fe 14-17 \u00a0 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u6570\u636e

    \u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898\u770b\u4f5c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7531 \\(n\\) \u8f6e\u51b3\u7b56\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7269\u4f53\u90fd\u6709\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u548c\u653e\u5165\u4e24\u79cd\u51b3\u7b56\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8be5\u95ee\u9898\u6ee1\u8db3\u51b3\u7b56\u6811\u6a21\u578b\u3002

    \u8be5\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u6c42\u89e3\u201c\u5728\u9650\u5b9a\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e0b\u80fd\u653e\u5165\u7269\u54c1\u7684\u6700\u5927\u4ef7\u503c\u201d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8f83\u5927\u6982\u7387\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u95ee\u9898\u3002

    \u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\uff1a\u601d\u8003\u6bcf\u8f6e\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\uff0c\u5b9a\u4e49\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f97\u5230 \\(dp\\) \u8868

    \u5bf9\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7269\u54c1\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u80cc\u5305\uff0c\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e0d\u53d8\uff1b\u653e\u5165\u80cc\u5305\uff0c\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\u51cf\u5c0f\u3002\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u5f97\u72b6\u6001\u5b9a\u4e49\uff1a\u5f53\u524d\u7269\u54c1\u7f16\u53f7 \\(i\\) \u548c\u5269\u4f59\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf \\(c\\) \uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a \\([i, c]\\) \u3002

    \u72b6\u6001 \\([i, c]\\) \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u4e3a\uff1a\u524d \\(i\\) \u4e2a\u7269\u54c1\u5728\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e3a \\(c\\) \u7684\u80cc\u5305\u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a \\(dp[i, c]\\) \u3002

    \u5f85\u6c42\u89e3\u7684\u662f \\(dp[n, cap]\\) \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c3a\u5bf8\u4e3a \\((n+1) \\times (cap+1)\\) \u7684\u4e8c\u7ef4 \\(dp\\) \u8868\u3002

    \u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b65\uff1a\u627e\u51fa\u6700\u4f18\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u63a8\u5bfc\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u65b9\u7a0b

    \u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u505a\u51fa\u7269\u54c1 \\(i\\) \u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u540e\uff0c\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u662f\u524d \\(i-1\\) \u4e2a\u7269\u54c1\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\uff0c\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e24\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u3002

    • \u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u7269\u54c1 \\(i\\) \uff1a\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e0d\u53d8\uff0c\u72b6\u6001\u53d8\u5316\u4e3a \\([i-1, c]\\) \u3002
    • \u653e\u5165\u7269\u54c1 \\(i\\) \uff1a\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\u51cf\u5c11 \\(wgt[i-1]\\) \uff0c\u4ef7\u503c\u589e\u52a0 \\(val[i-1]\\) \uff0c\u72b6\u6001\u53d8\u5316\u4e3a \\([i-1, c-wgt[i-1]]\\) \u3002

    \u4e0a\u8ff0\u5206\u6790\u5411\u6211\u4eec\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u672c\u9898\u7684\u6700\u4f18\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a\u6700\u5927\u4ef7\u503c \\(dp[i, c]\\) \u7b49\u4e8e\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u7269\u54c1 \\(i\\) \u548c\u653e\u5165\u7269\u54c1 \\(i\\) \u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\u4ef7\u503c\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u4e2a\u3002\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u63a8\u5bfc\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u65b9\u7a0b\uff1a

    \\[ dp[i, c] = \\max(dp[i-1, c], dp[i-1, c - wgt[i-1]] + val[i-1]) \\]

    \u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u82e5\u5f53\u524d\u7269\u54c1\u91cd\u91cf \\(wgt[i - 1]\\) \u8d85\u51fa\u5269\u4f59\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf \\(c\\) \uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u80fd\u9009\u62e9\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u80cc\u5305\u3002

    \u7b2c\u4e09\u6b65\uff1a\u786e\u5b9a\u8fb9\u754c\u6761\u4ef6\u548c\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u987a\u5e8f

    \u5f53\u65e0\u7269\u54c1\u6216\u65e0\u5269\u4f59\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\u65f6\u6700\u5927\u4ef7\u503c\u4e3a \\(0\\) \uff0c\u5373\u9996\u5217 \\(dp[i, 0]\\) \u548c\u9996\u884c \\(dp[0, c]\\) \u90fd\u7b49\u4e8e \\(0\\) \u3002

    \u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001 \\([i, c]\\) \u4ece\u4e0a\u65b9\u7684\u72b6\u6001 \\([i-1, c]\\) \u548c\u5de6\u4e0a\u65b9\u7684\u72b6\u6001 \\([i-1, c-wgt[i-1]]\\) \u8f6c\u79fb\u800c\u6765\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u901a\u8fc7\u4e24\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\u6b63\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u6574\u4e2a \\(dp\\) \u8868\u5373\u53ef\u3002

    \u6839\u636e\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u6309\u987a\u5e8f\u5b9e\u73b0\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22\u3001\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22\u3001\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u89e3\u6cd5\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/knapsack_problem/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e00\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22","text":"

    \u641c\u7d22\u4ee3\u7801\u5305\u542b\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8981\u7d20\u3002

    • \u9012\u5f52\u53c2\u6570\uff1a\u72b6\u6001 \\([i, c]\\) \u3002
    • \u8fd4\u56de\u503c\uff1a\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3 \\(dp[i, c]\\) \u3002
    • \u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6\uff1a\u5f53\u7269\u54c1\u7f16\u53f7\u8d8a\u754c \\(i = 0\\) \u6216\u80cc\u5305\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e3a \\(0\\) \u65f6\uff0c\u7ec8\u6b62\u9012\u5f52\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u4ef7\u503c \\(0\\) \u3002
    • \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u82e5\u5f53\u524d\u7269\u54c1\u91cd\u91cf\u8d85\u51fa\u80cc\u5305\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u80fd\u9009\u62e9\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u80cc\u5305\u3002
    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig knapsack.py
    def knapsack_dfs(wgt: list[int], val: list[int], i: int, c: int) -> int:\n    \"\"\"0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22\"\"\"\n    # \u82e5\u5df2\u9009\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u7269\u54c1\u6216\u80cc\u5305\u65e0\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u4ef7\u503c 0\n    if i == 0 or c == 0:\n        return 0\n    # \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u80fd\u9009\u62e9\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u80cc\u5305\n    if wgt[i - 1] > c:\n        return knapsack_dfs(wgt, val, i - 1, c)\n    # \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u548c\u653e\u5165\u7269\u54c1 i \u7684\u6700\u5927\u4ef7\u503c\n    no = knapsack_dfs(wgt, val, i - 1, c)\n    yes = knapsack_dfs(wgt, val, i - 1, c - wgt[i - 1]) + val[i - 1]\n    # \u8fd4\u56de\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\u4ef7\u503c\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u4e2a\n    return max(no, yes)\n
    knapsack.cpp
    /* 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22 */\nint knapsackDFS(vector<int> &wgt, vector<int> &val, int i, int c) {\n    // \u82e5\u5df2\u9009\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u7269\u54c1\u6216\u80cc\u5305\u65e0\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u4ef7\u503c 0\n    if (i == 0 || c == 0) {\n        return 0;\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u80fd\u9009\u62e9\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u80cc\u5305\n    if (wgt[i - 1] > c) {\n        return knapsackDFS(wgt, val, i - 1, c);\n    }\n    // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u548c\u653e\u5165\u7269\u54c1 i \u7684\u6700\u5927\u4ef7\u503c\n    int no = knapsackDFS(wgt, val, i - 1, c);\n    int yes = knapsackDFS(wgt, val, i - 1, c - wgt[i - 1]) + val[i - 1];\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\u4ef7\u503c\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u4e2a\n    return max(no, yes);\n}\n
    knapsack.java
    /* 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22 */\nint knapsackDFS(int[] wgt, int[] val, int i, int c) {\n    // \u82e5\u5df2\u9009\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u7269\u54c1\u6216\u80cc\u5305\u65e0\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u4ef7\u503c 0\n    if (i == 0 || c == 0) {\n        return 0;\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u80fd\u9009\u62e9\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u80cc\u5305\n    if (wgt[i - 1] > c) {\n        return knapsackDFS(wgt, val, i - 1, c);\n    }\n    // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u548c\u653e\u5165\u7269\u54c1 i \u7684\u6700\u5927\u4ef7\u503c\n    int no = knapsackDFS(wgt, val, i - 1, c);\n    int yes = knapsackDFS(wgt, val, i - 1, c - wgt[i - 1]) + val[i - 1];\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\u4ef7\u503c\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u4e2a\n    return Math.max(no, yes);\n}\n
    knapsack.cs
    /* 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22 */\nint KnapsackDFS(int[] weight, int[] val, int i, int c) {\n    // \u82e5\u5df2\u9009\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u7269\u54c1\u6216\u80cc\u5305\u65e0\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u4ef7\u503c 0\n    if (i == 0 || c == 0) {\n        return 0;\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u80fd\u9009\u62e9\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u80cc\u5305\n    if (weight[i - 1] > c) {\n        return KnapsackDFS(weight, val, i - 1, c);\n    }\n    // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u548c\u653e\u5165\u7269\u54c1 i \u7684\u6700\u5927\u4ef7\u503c\n    int no = KnapsackDFS(weight, val, i - 1, c);\n    int yes = KnapsackDFS(weight, val, i - 1, c - weight[i - 1]) + val[i - 1];\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\u4ef7\u503c\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u4e2a\n    return Math.Max(no, yes);\n}\n
    knapsack.go
    /* 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22 */\nfunc knapsackDFS(wgt, val []int, i, c int) int {\n    // \u82e5\u5df2\u9009\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u7269\u54c1\u6216\u80cc\u5305\u65e0\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u4ef7\u503c 0\n    if i == 0 || c == 0 {\n        return 0\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u80fd\u9009\u62e9\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u80cc\u5305\n    if wgt[i-1] > c {\n        return knapsackDFS(wgt, val, i-1, c)\n    }\n    // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u548c\u653e\u5165\u7269\u54c1 i \u7684\u6700\u5927\u4ef7\u503c\n    no := knapsackDFS(wgt, val, i-1, c)\n    yes := knapsackDFS(wgt, val, i-1, c-wgt[i-1]) + val[i-1]\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\u4ef7\u503c\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u4e2a\n    return int(math.Max(float64(no), float64(yes)))\n}\n
    knapsack.swift
    /* 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22 */\nfunc knapsackDFS(wgt: [Int], val: [Int], i: Int, c: Int) -> Int {\n    // \u82e5\u5df2\u9009\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u7269\u54c1\u6216\u80cc\u5305\u65e0\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u4ef7\u503c 0\n    if i == 0 || c == 0 {\n        return 0\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u80fd\u9009\u62e9\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u80cc\u5305\n    if wgt[i - 1] > c {\n        return knapsackDFS(wgt: wgt, val: val, i: i - 1, c: c)\n    }\n    // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u548c\u653e\u5165\u7269\u54c1 i \u7684\u6700\u5927\u4ef7\u503c\n    let no = knapsackDFS(wgt: wgt, val: val, i: i - 1, c: c)\n    let yes = knapsackDFS(wgt: wgt, val: val, i: i - 1, c: c - wgt[i - 1]) + val[i - 1]\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\u4ef7\u503c\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u4e2a\n    return max(no, yes)\n}\n
    knapsack.js
    /* 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22 */\nfunction knapsackDFS(wgt, val, i, c) {\n    // \u82e5\u5df2\u9009\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u7269\u54c1\u6216\u80cc\u5305\u65e0\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u4ef7\u503c 0\n    if (i === 0 || c === 0) {\n        return 0;\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u80fd\u9009\u62e9\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u80cc\u5305\n    if (wgt[i - 1] > c) {\n        return knapsackDFS(wgt, val, i - 1, c);\n    }\n    // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u548c\u653e\u5165\u7269\u54c1 i \u7684\u6700\u5927\u4ef7\u503c\n    const no = knapsackDFS(wgt, val, i - 1, c);\n    const yes = knapsackDFS(wgt, val, i - 1, c - wgt[i - 1]) + val[i - 1];\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\u4ef7\u503c\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u4e2a\n    return Math.max(no, yes);\n}\n
    knapsack.ts
    /* 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22 */\nfunction knapsackDFS(\n    wgt: Array<number>,\n    val: Array<number>,\n    i: number,\n    c: number\n): number {\n    // \u82e5\u5df2\u9009\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u7269\u54c1\u6216\u80cc\u5305\u65e0\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u4ef7\u503c 0\n    if (i === 0 || c === 0) {\n        return 0;\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u80fd\u9009\u62e9\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u80cc\u5305\n    if (wgt[i - 1] > c) {\n        return knapsackDFS(wgt, val, i - 1, c);\n    }\n    // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u548c\u653e\u5165\u7269\u54c1 i \u7684\u6700\u5927\u4ef7\u503c\n    const no = knapsackDFS(wgt, val, i - 1, c);\n    const yes = knapsackDFS(wgt, val, i - 1, c - wgt[i - 1]) + val[i - 1];\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\u4ef7\u503c\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u4e2a\n    return Math.max(no, yes);\n}\n
    knapsack.dart
    /* 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22 */\nint knapsackDFS(List<int> wgt, List<int> val, int i, int c) {\n  // \u82e5\u5df2\u9009\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u7269\u54c1\u6216\u80cc\u5305\u65e0\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u4ef7\u503c 0\n  if (i == 0 || c == 0) {\n    return 0;\n  }\n  // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u80fd\u9009\u62e9\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u80cc\u5305\n  if (wgt[i - 1] > c) {\n    return knapsackDFS(wgt, val, i - 1, c);\n  }\n  // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u548c\u653e\u5165\u7269\u54c1 i \u7684\u6700\u5927\u4ef7\u503c\n  int no = knapsackDFS(wgt, val, i - 1, c);\n  int yes = knapsackDFS(wgt, val, i - 1, c - wgt[i - 1]) + val[i - 1];\n  // \u8fd4\u56de\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\u4ef7\u503c\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u4e2a\n  return max(no, yes);\n}\n
    knapsack.rs
    /* 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22 */\nfn knapsack_dfs(wgt: &[i32], val: &[i32], i: usize, c: usize) -> i32 {\n    // \u82e5\u5df2\u9009\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u7269\u54c1\u6216\u80cc\u5305\u65e0\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u4ef7\u503c 0\n    if i == 0 || c == 0 {\n        return 0;\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u80fd\u9009\u62e9\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u80cc\u5305\n    if wgt[i - 1] > c as i32 {\n        return knapsack_dfs(wgt, val, i - 1, c);\n    }\n    // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u548c\u653e\u5165\u7269\u54c1 i \u7684\u6700\u5927\u4ef7\u503c\n    let no = knapsack_dfs(wgt, val, i - 1, c);\n    let yes = knapsack_dfs(wgt, val, i - 1, c - wgt[i - 1] as usize) + val[i - 1];\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\u4ef7\u503c\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u4e2a\n    std::cmp::max(no, yes)\n}\n
    knapsack.c
    /* 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22 */\nint knapsackDFS(int wgt[], int val[], int i, int c) {\n    // \u82e5\u5df2\u9009\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u7269\u54c1\u6216\u80cc\u5305\u65e0\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u4ef7\u503c 0\n    if (i == 0 || c == 0) {\n        return 0;\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u80fd\u9009\u62e9\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u80cc\u5305\n    if (wgt[i - 1] > c) {\n        return knapsackDFS(wgt, val, i - 1, c);\n    }\n    // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u548c\u653e\u5165\u7269\u54c1 i \u7684\u6700\u5927\u4ef7\u503c\n    int no = knapsackDFS(wgt, val, i - 1, c);\n    int yes = knapsackDFS(wgt, val, i - 1, c - wgt[i - 1]) + val[i - 1];\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\u4ef7\u503c\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u4e2a\n    return myMax(no, yes);\n}\n
    knapsack.zig
    // 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22\nfn knapsackDFS(wgt: []i32, val: []i32, i: usize, c: usize) i32 {\n    // \u82e5\u5df2\u9009\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u7269\u54c1\u6216\u80cc\u5305\u65e0\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u4ef7\u503c 0\n    if (i == 0 or c == 0) {\n        return 0;\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u80fd\u9009\u62e9\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u80cc\u5305\n    if (wgt[i - 1] > c) {\n        return knapsackDFS(wgt, val, i - 1, c);\n    }\n    // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u548c\u653e\u5165\u7269\u54c1 i \u7684\u6700\u5927\u4ef7\u503c\n    var no = knapsackDFS(wgt, val, i - 1, c);\n    var yes = knapsackDFS(wgt, val, i - 1, c - @as(usize, @intCast(wgt[i - 1]))) + val[i - 1];\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\u4ef7\u503c\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u4e2a\n    return @max(no, yes);\n}\n

    \u5982\u56fe 14-18 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7269\u54c1\u90fd\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u4e24\u6761\u641c\u7d22\u5206\u652f\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(2^n)\\) \u3002

    \u89c2\u5bdf\u9012\u5f52\u6811\uff0c\u5bb9\u6613\u53d1\u73b0\u5176\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u91cd\u53e0\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 \\(dp[1, 10]\\) \u7b49\u3002\u800c\u5f53\u7269\u54c1\u8f83\u591a\u3001\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\u8f83\u5927\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u76f8\u540c\u91cd\u91cf\u7684\u7269\u54c1\u8f83\u591a\u65f6\uff0c\u91cd\u53e0\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u5c06\u4f1a\u5927\u5e45\u589e\u591a\u3002

    \u56fe 14-18 \u00a0 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22\u9012\u5f52\u6811

    "},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/knapsack_problem/#2","title":"2. \u00a0 \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e8c\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22","text":"

    \u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u8bc1\u91cd\u53e0\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u53ea\u88ab\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u501f\u52a9\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5217\u8868 mem \u6765\u8bb0\u5f55\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d mem[i][c] \u5bf9\u5e94 \\(dp[i, c]\\) \u3002

    \u5f15\u5165\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f \\(O(n \\times cap)\\) \u3002\u5b9e\u73b0\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig knapsack.py
    def knapsack_dfs_mem(\n    wgt: list[int], val: list[int], mem: list[list[int]], i: int, c: int\n) -> int:\n    \"\"\"0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22\"\"\"\n    # \u82e5\u5df2\u9009\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u7269\u54c1\u6216\u80cc\u5305\u65e0\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u4ef7\u503c 0\n    if i == 0 or c == 0:\n        return 0\n    # \u82e5\u5df2\u6709\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n    if mem[i][c] != -1:\n        return mem[i][c]\n    # \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u80fd\u9009\u62e9\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u80cc\u5305\n    if wgt[i - 1] > c:\n        return knapsack_dfs_mem(wgt, val, mem, i - 1, c)\n    # \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u548c\u653e\u5165\u7269\u54c1 i \u7684\u6700\u5927\u4ef7\u503c\n    no = knapsack_dfs_mem(wgt, val, mem, i - 1, c)\n    yes = knapsack_dfs_mem(wgt, val, mem, i - 1, c - wgt[i - 1]) + val[i - 1]\n    # \u8bb0\u5f55\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\u4ef7\u503c\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u4e2a\n    mem[i][c] = max(no, yes)\n    return mem[i][c]\n
    knapsack.cpp
    /* 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nint knapsackDFSMem(vector<int> &wgt, vector<int> &val, vector<vector<int>> &mem, int i, int c) {\n    // \u82e5\u5df2\u9009\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u7269\u54c1\u6216\u80cc\u5305\u65e0\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u4ef7\u503c 0\n    if (i == 0 || c == 0) {\n        return 0;\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u5df2\u6709\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n    if (mem[i][c] != -1) {\n        return mem[i][c];\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u80fd\u9009\u62e9\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u80cc\u5305\n    if (wgt[i - 1] > c) {\n        return knapsackDFSMem(wgt, val, mem, i - 1, c);\n    }\n    // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u548c\u653e\u5165\u7269\u54c1 i \u7684\u6700\u5927\u4ef7\u503c\n    int no = knapsackDFSMem(wgt, val, mem, i - 1, c);\n    int yes = knapsackDFSMem(wgt, val, mem, i - 1, c - wgt[i - 1]) + val[i - 1];\n    // \u8bb0\u5f55\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\u4ef7\u503c\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u4e2a\n    mem[i][c] = max(no, yes);\n    return mem[i][c];\n}\n
    knapsack.java
    /* 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nint knapsackDFSMem(int[] wgt, int[] val, int[][] mem, int i, int c) {\n    // \u82e5\u5df2\u9009\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u7269\u54c1\u6216\u80cc\u5305\u65e0\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u4ef7\u503c 0\n    if (i == 0 || c == 0) {\n        return 0;\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u5df2\u6709\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n    if (mem[i][c] != -1) {\n        return mem[i][c];\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u80fd\u9009\u62e9\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u80cc\u5305\n    if (wgt[i - 1] > c) {\n        return knapsackDFSMem(wgt, val, mem, i - 1, c);\n    }\n    // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u548c\u653e\u5165\u7269\u54c1 i \u7684\u6700\u5927\u4ef7\u503c\n    int no = knapsackDFSMem(wgt, val, mem, i - 1, c);\n    int yes = knapsackDFSMem(wgt, val, mem, i - 1, c - wgt[i - 1]) + val[i - 1];\n    // \u8bb0\u5f55\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\u4ef7\u503c\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u4e2a\n    mem[i][c] = Math.max(no, yes);\n    return mem[i][c];\n}\n
    knapsack.cs
    /* 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nint KnapsackDFSMem(int[] weight, int[] val, int[][] mem, int i, int c) {\n    // \u82e5\u5df2\u9009\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u7269\u54c1\u6216\u80cc\u5305\u65e0\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u4ef7\u503c 0\n    if (i == 0 || c == 0) {\n        return 0;\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u5df2\u6709\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n    if (mem[i][c] != -1) {\n        return mem[i][c];\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u80fd\u9009\u62e9\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u80cc\u5305\n    if (weight[i - 1] > c) {\n        return KnapsackDFSMem(weight, val, mem, i - 1, c);\n    }\n    // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u548c\u653e\u5165\u7269\u54c1 i \u7684\u6700\u5927\u4ef7\u503c\n    int no = KnapsackDFSMem(weight, val, mem, i - 1, c);\n    int yes = KnapsackDFSMem(weight, val, mem, i - 1, c - weight[i - 1]) + val[i - 1];\n    // \u8bb0\u5f55\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\u4ef7\u503c\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u4e2a\n    mem[i][c] = Math.Max(no, yes);\n    return mem[i][c];\n}\n
    knapsack.go
    /* 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nfunc knapsackDFSMem(wgt, val []int, mem [][]int, i, c int) int {\n    // \u82e5\u5df2\u9009\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u7269\u54c1\u6216\u80cc\u5305\u65e0\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u4ef7\u503c 0\n    if i == 0 || c == 0 {\n        return 0\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u5df2\u6709\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n    if mem[i][c] != -1 {\n        return mem[i][c]\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u80fd\u9009\u62e9\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u80cc\u5305\n    if wgt[i-1] > c {\n        return knapsackDFSMem(wgt, val, mem, i-1, c)\n    }\n    // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u548c\u653e\u5165\u7269\u54c1 i \u7684\u6700\u5927\u4ef7\u503c\n    no := knapsackDFSMem(wgt, val, mem, i-1, c)\n    yes := knapsackDFSMem(wgt, val, mem, i-1, c-wgt[i-1]) + val[i-1]\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\u4ef7\u503c\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u4e2a\n    mem[i][c] = int(math.Max(float64(no), float64(yes)))\n    return mem[i][c]\n}\n
    knapsack.swift
    /* 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nfunc knapsackDFSMem(wgt: [Int], val: [Int], mem: inout [[Int]], i: Int, c: Int) -> Int {\n    // \u82e5\u5df2\u9009\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u7269\u54c1\u6216\u80cc\u5305\u65e0\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u4ef7\u503c 0\n    if i == 0 || c == 0 {\n        return 0\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u5df2\u6709\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n    if mem[i][c] != -1 {\n        return mem[i][c]\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u80fd\u9009\u62e9\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u80cc\u5305\n    if wgt[i - 1] > c {\n        return knapsackDFSMem(wgt: wgt, val: val, mem: &mem, i: i - 1, c: c)\n    }\n    // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u548c\u653e\u5165\u7269\u54c1 i \u7684\u6700\u5927\u4ef7\u503c\n    let no = knapsackDFSMem(wgt: wgt, val: val, mem: &mem, i: i - 1, c: c)\n    let yes = knapsackDFSMem(wgt: wgt, val: val, mem: &mem, i: i - 1, c: c - wgt[i - 1]) + val[i - 1]\n    // \u8bb0\u5f55\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\u4ef7\u503c\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u4e2a\n    mem[i][c] = max(no, yes)\n    return mem[i][c]\n}\n
    knapsack.js
    /* 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nfunction knapsackDFSMem(wgt, val, mem, i, c) {\n    // \u82e5\u5df2\u9009\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u7269\u54c1\u6216\u80cc\u5305\u65e0\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u4ef7\u503c 0\n    if (i === 0 || c === 0) {\n        return 0;\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u5df2\u6709\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n    if (mem[i][c] !== -1) {\n        return mem[i][c];\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u80fd\u9009\u62e9\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u80cc\u5305\n    if (wgt[i - 1] > c) {\n        return knapsackDFSMem(wgt, val, mem, i - 1, c);\n    }\n    // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u548c\u653e\u5165\u7269\u54c1 i \u7684\u6700\u5927\u4ef7\u503c\n    const no = knapsackDFSMem(wgt, val, mem, i - 1, c);\n    const yes =\n        knapsackDFSMem(wgt, val, mem, i - 1, c - wgt[i - 1]) + val[i - 1];\n    // \u8bb0\u5f55\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\u4ef7\u503c\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u4e2a\n    mem[i][c] = Math.max(no, yes);\n    return mem[i][c];\n}\n
    knapsack.ts
    /* 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nfunction knapsackDFSMem(\n    wgt: Array<number>,\n    val: Array<number>,\n    mem: Array<Array<number>>,\n    i: number,\n    c: number\n): number {\n    // \u82e5\u5df2\u9009\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u7269\u54c1\u6216\u80cc\u5305\u65e0\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u4ef7\u503c 0\n    if (i === 0 || c === 0) {\n        return 0;\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u5df2\u6709\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n    if (mem[i][c] !== -1) {\n        return mem[i][c];\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u80fd\u9009\u62e9\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u80cc\u5305\n    if (wgt[i - 1] > c) {\n        return knapsackDFSMem(wgt, val, mem, i - 1, c);\n    }\n    // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u548c\u653e\u5165\u7269\u54c1 i \u7684\u6700\u5927\u4ef7\u503c\n    const no = knapsackDFSMem(wgt, val, mem, i - 1, c);\n    const yes =\n        knapsackDFSMem(wgt, val, mem, i - 1, c - wgt[i - 1]) + val[i - 1];\n    // \u8bb0\u5f55\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\u4ef7\u503c\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u4e2a\n    mem[i][c] = Math.max(no, yes);\n    return mem[i][c];\n}\n
    knapsack.dart
    /* 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nint knapsackDFSMem(\n  List<int> wgt,\n  List<int> val,\n  List<List<int>> mem,\n  int i,\n  int c,\n) {\n  // \u82e5\u5df2\u9009\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u7269\u54c1\u6216\u80cc\u5305\u65e0\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u4ef7\u503c 0\n  if (i == 0 || c == 0) {\n    return 0;\n  }\n  // \u82e5\u5df2\u6709\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n  if (mem[i][c] != -1) {\n    return mem[i][c];\n  }\n  // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u80fd\u9009\u62e9\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u80cc\u5305\n  if (wgt[i - 1] > c) {\n    return knapsackDFSMem(wgt, val, mem, i - 1, c);\n  }\n  // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u548c\u653e\u5165\u7269\u54c1 i \u7684\u6700\u5927\u4ef7\u503c\n  int no = knapsackDFSMem(wgt, val, mem, i - 1, c);\n  int yes = knapsackDFSMem(wgt, val, mem, i - 1, c - wgt[i - 1]) + val[i - 1];\n  // \u8bb0\u5f55\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\u4ef7\u503c\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u4e2a\n  mem[i][c] = max(no, yes);\n  return mem[i][c];\n}\n
    knapsack.rs
    /* 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nfn knapsack_dfs_mem(wgt: &[i32], val: &[i32], mem: &mut Vec<Vec<i32>>, i: usize, c: usize) -> i32 {\n    // \u82e5\u5df2\u9009\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u7269\u54c1\u6216\u80cc\u5305\u65e0\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u4ef7\u503c 0\n    if i == 0 || c == 0 {\n        return 0;\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u5df2\u6709\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n    if mem[i][c] != -1 {\n        return mem[i][c];\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u80fd\u9009\u62e9\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u80cc\u5305\n    if wgt[i - 1] > c as i32 {\n        return knapsack_dfs_mem(wgt, val, mem, i - 1, c);\n    }\n    // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u548c\u653e\u5165\u7269\u54c1 i \u7684\u6700\u5927\u4ef7\u503c\n    let no = knapsack_dfs_mem(wgt, val, mem, i - 1, c);\n    let yes = knapsack_dfs_mem(wgt, val, mem, i - 1, c - wgt[i - 1] as usize) + val[i - 1];\n    // \u8bb0\u5f55\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\u4ef7\u503c\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u4e2a\n    mem[i][c] = std::cmp::max(no, yes);\n    mem[i][c]\n}\n
    knapsack.c
    /* 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nint knapsackDFSMem(int wgt[], int val[], int memCols, int **mem, int i, int c) {\n    // \u82e5\u5df2\u9009\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u7269\u54c1\u6216\u80cc\u5305\u65e0\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u4ef7\u503c 0\n    if (i == 0 || c == 0) {\n        return 0;\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u5df2\u6709\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n    if (mem[i][c] != -1) {\n        return mem[i][c];\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u80fd\u9009\u62e9\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u80cc\u5305\n    if (wgt[i - 1] > c) {\n        return knapsackDFSMem(wgt, val, memCols, mem, i - 1, c);\n    }\n    // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u548c\u653e\u5165\u7269\u54c1 i \u7684\u6700\u5927\u4ef7\u503c\n    int no = knapsackDFSMem(wgt, val, memCols, mem, i - 1, c);\n    int yes = knapsackDFSMem(wgt, val, memCols, mem, i - 1, c - wgt[i - 1]) + val[i - 1];\n    // \u8bb0\u5f55\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\u4ef7\u503c\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u4e2a\n    mem[i][c] = myMax(no, yes);\n    return mem[i][c];\n}\n
    knapsack.zig
    // 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22\nfn knapsackDFSMem(wgt: []i32, val: []i32, mem: anytype, i: usize, c: usize) i32 {\n    // \u82e5\u5df2\u9009\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u7269\u54c1\u6216\u80cc\u5305\u65e0\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u4ef7\u503c 0\n    if (i == 0 or c == 0) {\n        return 0;\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u5df2\u6709\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n    if (mem[i][c] != -1) {\n        return mem[i][c];\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u80fd\u9009\u62e9\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u80cc\u5305\n    if (wgt[i - 1] > c) {\n        return knapsackDFSMem(wgt, val, mem, i - 1, c);\n    }\n    // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u548c\u653e\u5165\u7269\u54c1 i \u7684\u6700\u5927\u4ef7\u503c\n    var no = knapsackDFSMem(wgt, val, mem, i - 1, c);\n    var yes = knapsackDFSMem(wgt, val, mem, i - 1, c - @as(usize, @intCast(wgt[i - 1]))) + val[i - 1];\n    // \u8bb0\u5f55\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\u4ef7\u503c\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u4e2a\n    mem[i][c] = @max(no, yes);\n    return mem[i][c];\n}\n

    \u56fe 14-19 \u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5728\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22\u4e2d\u88ab\u526a\u6389\u7684\u641c\u7d22\u5206\u652f\u3002

    \u56fe 14-19 \u00a0 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22\u9012\u5f52\u6811

    "},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/knapsack_problem/#3","title":"3. \u00a0 \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e09\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212","text":"

    \u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u5b9e\u8d28\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u4e2d\u586b\u5145 \\(dp\\) \u8868\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig knapsack.py
    def knapsack_dp(wgt: list[int], val: list[int], cap: int) -> int:\n    \"\"\"0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\"\"\"\n    n = len(wgt)\n    # \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    dp = [[0] * (cap + 1) for _ in range(n + 1)]\n    # \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for i in range(1, n + 1):\n        for c in range(1, cap + 1):\n            if wgt[i - 1] > c:\n                # \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i\n                dp[i][c] = dp[i - 1][c]\n            else:\n                # \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\n                dp[i][c] = max(dp[i - 1][c], dp[i - 1][c - wgt[i - 1]] + val[i - 1])\n    return dp[n][cap]\n
    knapsack.cpp
    /* 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint knapsackDP(vector<int> &wgt, vector<int> &val, int cap) {\n    int n = wgt.size();\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    vector<vector<int>> dp(n + 1, vector<int>(cap + 1, 0));\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        for (int c = 1; c <= cap; c++) {\n            if (wgt[i - 1] > c) {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i\n                dp[i][c] = dp[i - 1][c];\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\n                dp[i][c] = max(dp[i - 1][c], dp[i - 1][c - wgt[i - 1]] + val[i - 1]);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[n][cap];\n}\n
    knapsack.java
    /* 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint knapsackDP(int[] wgt, int[] val, int cap) {\n    int n = wgt.length;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    int[][] dp = new int[n + 1][cap + 1];\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        for (int c = 1; c <= cap; c++) {\n            if (wgt[i - 1] > c) {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i\n                dp[i][c] = dp[i - 1][c];\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\n                dp[i][c] = Math.max(dp[i - 1][c], dp[i - 1][c - wgt[i - 1]] + val[i - 1]);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[n][cap];\n}\n
    knapsack.cs
    /* 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint KnapsackDP(int[] weight, int[] val, int cap) {\n    int n = weight.Length;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    int[,] dp = new int[n + 1, cap + 1];\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        for (int c = 1; c <= cap; c++) {\n            if (weight[i - 1] > c) {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i\n                dp[i, c] = dp[i - 1, c];\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\n                dp[i, c] = Math.Max(dp[i - 1, c - weight[i - 1]] + val[i - 1], dp[i - 1, c]);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[n, cap];\n}\n
    knapsack.go
    /* 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunc knapsackDP(wgt, val []int, cap int) int {\n    n := len(wgt)\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    dp := make([][]int, n+1)\n    for i := 0; i <= n; i++ {\n        dp[i] = make([]int, cap+1)\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for i := 1; i <= n; i++ {\n        for c := 1; c <= cap; c++ {\n            if wgt[i-1] > c {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i\n                dp[i][c] = dp[i-1][c]\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\n                dp[i][c] = int(math.Max(float64(dp[i-1][c]), float64(dp[i-1][c-wgt[i-1]]+val[i-1])))\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[n][cap]\n}\n
    knapsack.swift
    /* 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunc knapsackDP(wgt: [Int], val: [Int], cap: Int) -> Int {\n    let n = wgt.count\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    var dp = Array(repeating: Array(repeating: 0, count: cap + 1), count: n + 1)\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for i in stride(from: 1, through: n, by: 1) {\n        for c in stride(from: 1, through: cap, by: 1) {\n            if wgt[i - 1] > c {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i\n                dp[i][c] = dp[i - 1][c]\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\n                dp[i][c] = max(dp[i - 1][c], dp[i - 1][c - wgt[i - 1]] + val[i - 1])\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[n][cap]\n}\n
    knapsack.js
    /* 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunction knapsackDP(wgt, val, cap) {\n    const n = wgt.length;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    const dp = Array(n + 1)\n        .fill(0)\n        .map(() => Array(cap + 1).fill(0));\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for (let i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        for (let c = 1; c <= cap; c++) {\n            if (wgt[i - 1] > c) {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i\n                dp[i][c] = dp[i - 1][c];\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\n                dp[i][c] = Math.max(\n                    dp[i - 1][c],\n                    dp[i - 1][c - wgt[i - 1]] + val[i - 1]\n                );\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[n][cap];\n}\n
    knapsack.ts
    /* 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunction knapsackDP(\n    wgt: Array<number>,\n    val: Array<number>,\n    cap: number\n): number {\n    const n = wgt.length;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    const dp = Array.from({ length: n + 1 }, () =>\n        Array.from({ length: cap + 1 }, () => 0)\n    );\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for (let i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        for (let c = 1; c <= cap; c++) {\n            if (wgt[i - 1] > c) {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i\n                dp[i][c] = dp[i - 1][c];\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\n                dp[i][c] = Math.max(\n                    dp[i - 1][c],\n                    dp[i - 1][c - wgt[i - 1]] + val[i - 1]\n                );\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[n][cap];\n}\n
    knapsack.dart
    /* 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint knapsackDP(List<int> wgt, List<int> val, int cap) {\n  int n = wgt.length;\n  // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n  List<List<int>> dp = List.generate(n + 1, (index) => List.filled(cap + 1, 0));\n  // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n  for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n    for (int c = 1; c <= cap; c++) {\n      if (wgt[i - 1] > c) {\n        // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i\n        dp[i][c] = dp[i - 1][c];\n      } else {\n        // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\n        dp[i][c] = max(dp[i - 1][c], dp[i - 1][c - wgt[i - 1]] + val[i - 1]);\n      }\n    }\n  }\n  return dp[n][cap];\n}\n
    knapsack.rs
    /* 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfn knapsack_dp(wgt: &[i32], val: &[i32], cap: usize) -> i32 {\n    let n = wgt.len();\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    let mut dp = vec![vec![0; cap + 1]; n + 1];\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for i in 1..=n {\n        for c in 1..=cap {\n            if wgt[i - 1] > c as i32 {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i\n                dp[i][c] = dp[i - 1][c];\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\n                dp[i][c] = std::cmp::max(dp[i - 1][c], dp[i - 1][c - wgt[i - 1] as usize] + val[i - 1]);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    dp[n][cap]\n}\n
    knapsack.c
    /* 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint knapsackDP(int wgt[], int val[], int cap, int wgtSize) {\n    int n = wgtSize;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    int **dp = malloc((n + 1) * sizeof(int *));\n    for (int i = 0; i <= n; i++) {\n        dp[i] = calloc(cap + 1, sizeof(int));\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        for (int c = 1; c <= cap; c++) {\n            if (wgt[i - 1] > c) {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i\n                dp[i][c] = dp[i - 1][c];\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\n                dp[i][c] = myMax(dp[i - 1][c], dp[i - 1][c - wgt[i - 1]] + val[i - 1]);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    int res = dp[n][cap];\n    // \u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\n    for (int i = 0; i <= n; i++) {\n        free(dp[i]);\n    }\n    return res;\n}\n
    knapsack.zig
    // 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\nfn knapsackDP(comptime wgt: []i32, val: []i32, comptime cap: usize) i32 {\n    comptime var n = wgt.len;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    var dp = [_][cap + 1]i32{[_]i32{0} ** (cap + 1)} ** (n + 1);\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for (1..n + 1) |i| {\n        for (1..cap + 1) |c| {\n            if (wgt[i - 1] > c) {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i\n                dp[i][c] = dp[i - 1][c];\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\n                dp[i][c] = @max(dp[i - 1][c], dp[i - 1][c - @as(usize, @intCast(wgt[i - 1]))] + val[i - 1]);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[n][cap];\n}\n

    \u5982\u56fe 14-20 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u90fd\u7531\u6570\u7ec4 dp \u5927\u5c0f\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u5373 \\(O(n \\times cap)\\) \u3002

    <1><2><3><4><5><6><7><8><9><10><11><12><13><14>

    \u56fe 14-20 \u00a0 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u8fc7\u7a0b

    "},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/knapsack_problem/#4","title":"4. \u00a0 \u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316","text":"

    \u7531\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u90fd\u53ea\u4e0e\u5176\u4e0a\u4e00\u884c\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4e24\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\u6eda\u52a8\u524d\u8fdb\uff0c\u5c06\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4ece \\(O(n^2)\\) \u964d\u81f3 \\(O(n)\\) \u3002

    \u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u5426\u4ec5\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u5462\uff1f\u89c2\u5bdf\u53ef\u77e5\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u90fd\u662f\u7531\u6b63\u4e0a\u65b9\u6216\u5de6\u4e0a\u65b9\u7684\u683c\u5b50\u8f6c\u79fb\u8fc7\u6765\u7684\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5f53\u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\u7b2c \\(i\\) \u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u8be5\u6570\u7ec4\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u7b2c \\(i-1\\) \u884c\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002

    • \u5982\u679c\u91c7\u53d6\u6b63\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u904d\u5386\u5230 \\(dp[i, j]\\) \u65f6\uff0c\u5de6\u4e0a\u65b9 \\(dp[i-1, 1]\\) ~ \\(dp[i-1, j-1]\\) \u503c\u53ef\u80fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u8986\u76d6\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u5c31\u65e0\u6cd5\u5f97\u5230\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u7ed3\u679c\u3002
    • \u5982\u679c\u91c7\u53d6\u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u8986\u76d6\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u53ef\u4ee5\u6b63\u786e\u8fdb\u884c\u3002

    \u56fe 14-21 \u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5728\u5355\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\u4e0b\u4ece\u7b2c \\(i = 1\\) \u884c\u8f6c\u6362\u81f3\u7b2c \\(i = 2\\) \u884c\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u8bf7\u601d\u8003\u6b63\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u548c\u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u7684\u533a\u522b\u3002

    <1><2><3><4><5><6>

    \u56fe 14-21 \u00a0 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u8fc7\u7a0b

    \u5728\u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4ec5\u9700\u5c06\u6570\u7ec4 dp \u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ef4 \\(i\\) \u76f4\u63a5\u5220\u9664\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u628a\u5185\u5faa\u73af\u66f4\u6539\u4e3a\u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u5373\u53ef\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig knapsack.py
    def knapsack_dp_comp(wgt: list[int], val: list[int], cap: int) -> int:\n    \"\"\"0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\"\"\"\n    n = len(wgt)\n    # \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    dp = [0] * (cap + 1)\n    # \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for i in range(1, n + 1):\n        # \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\n        for c in range(cap, 0, -1):\n            if wgt[i - 1] > c:\n                # \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i\n                dp[c] = dp[c]\n            else:\n                # \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\n                dp[c] = max(dp[c], dp[c - wgt[i - 1]] + val[i - 1])\n    return dp[cap]\n
    knapsack.cpp
    /* 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint knapsackDPComp(vector<int> &wgt, vector<int> &val, int cap) {\n    int n = wgt.size();\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    vector<int> dp(cap + 1, 0);\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        // \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\n        for (int c = cap; c >= 1; c--) {\n            if (wgt[i - 1] <= c) {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\n                dp[c] = max(dp[c], dp[c - wgt[i - 1]] + val[i - 1]);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[cap];\n}\n
    knapsack.java
    /* 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint knapsackDPComp(int[] wgt, int[] val, int cap) {\n    int n = wgt.length;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    int[] dp = new int[cap + 1];\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        // \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\n        for (int c = cap; c >= 1; c--) {\n            if (wgt[i - 1] <= c) {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\n                dp[c] = Math.max(dp[c], dp[c - wgt[i - 1]] + val[i - 1]);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[cap];\n}\n
    knapsack.cs
    /* 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint KnapsackDPComp(int[] weight, int[] val, int cap) {\n    int n = weight.Length;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    int[] dp = new int[cap + 1];\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        // \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\n        for (int c = cap; c > 0; c--) {\n            if (weight[i - 1] > c) {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i\n                dp[c] = dp[c];\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\n                dp[c] = Math.Max(dp[c], dp[c - weight[i - 1]] + val[i - 1]);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[cap];\n}\n
    knapsack.go
    /* 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunc knapsackDPComp(wgt, val []int, cap int) int {\n    n := len(wgt)\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    dp := make([]int, cap+1)\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for i := 1; i <= n; i++ {\n        // \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\n        for c := cap; c >= 1; c-- {\n            if wgt[i-1] <= c {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\n                dp[c] = int(math.Max(float64(dp[c]), float64(dp[c-wgt[i-1]]+val[i-1])))\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[cap]\n}\n
    knapsack.swift
    /* 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunc knapsackDPComp(wgt: [Int], val: [Int], cap: Int) -> Int {\n    let n = wgt.count\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    var dp = Array(repeating: 0, count: cap + 1)\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for i in stride(from: 1, through: n, by: 1) {\n        // \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\n        for c in stride(from: cap, through: 1, by: -1) {\n            if wgt[i - 1] <= c {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\n                dp[c] = max(dp[c], dp[c - wgt[i - 1]] + val[i - 1])\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[cap]\n}\n
    knapsack.js
    /* 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunction knapsackDPComp(wgt, val, cap) {\n    const n = wgt.length;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    const dp = Array(cap + 1).fill(0);\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for (let i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        // \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\n        for (let c = cap; c >= 1; c--) {\n            if (wgt[i - 1] <= c) {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\n                dp[c] = Math.max(dp[c], dp[c - wgt[i - 1]] + val[i - 1]);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[cap];\n}\n
    knapsack.ts
    /* 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunction knapsackDPComp(\n    wgt: Array<number>,\n    val: Array<number>,\n    cap: number\n): number {\n    const n = wgt.length;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    const dp = Array(cap + 1).fill(0);\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for (let i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        // \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\n        for (let c = cap; c >= 1; c--) {\n            if (wgt[i - 1] <= c) {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\n                dp[c] = Math.max(dp[c], dp[c - wgt[i - 1]] + val[i - 1]);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[cap];\n}\n
    knapsack.dart
    /* 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint knapsackDPComp(List<int> wgt, List<int> val, int cap) {\n  int n = wgt.length;\n  // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n  List<int> dp = List.filled(cap + 1, 0);\n  // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n  for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n    // \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\n    for (int c = cap; c >= 1; c--) {\n      if (wgt[i - 1] <= c) {\n        // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\n        dp[c] = max(dp[c], dp[c - wgt[i - 1]] + val[i - 1]);\n      }\n    }\n  }\n  return dp[cap];\n}\n
    knapsack.rs
    /* 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfn knapsack_dp_comp(wgt: &[i32], val: &[i32], cap: usize) -> i32 {\n    let n = wgt.len();\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    let mut dp = vec![0; cap + 1];\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for i in 1..=n {\n        // \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\n        for c in (1..=cap).rev() {\n            if wgt[i - 1] <= c as i32 {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\n                dp[c] = std::cmp::max(dp[c], dp[c - wgt[i - 1] as usize] + val[i - 1]);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    dp[cap]\n}\n
    knapsack.c
    /* 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint knapsackDPComp(int wgt[], int val[], int cap, int wgtSize) {\n    int n = wgtSize;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    int *dp = calloc(cap + 1, sizeof(int));\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        // \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\n        for (int c = cap; c >= 1; c--) {\n            if (wgt[i - 1] <= c) {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\n                dp[c] = myMax(dp[c], dp[c - wgt[i - 1]] + val[i - 1]);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    int res = dp[cap];\n    // \u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\n    free(dp);\n    return res;\n}\n
    knapsack.zig
    // 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\nfn knapsackDPComp(wgt: []i32, val: []i32, comptime cap: usize) i32 {\n    var n = wgt.len;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    var dp = [_]i32{0} ** (cap + 1);\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for (1..n + 1) |i| {\n        // \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\n        var c = cap;\n        while (c > 0) : (c -= 1) {\n            if (wgt[i - 1] < c) {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\n                dp[c] = @max(dp[c], dp[c - @as(usize, @intCast(wgt[i - 1]))] + val[i - 1]);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[cap];\n}\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/summary/","title":"14.7 \u00a0 \u5c0f\u7ed3","text":"
    • \u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u5bf9\u95ee\u9898\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u89e3\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u6765\u89c4\u907f\u91cd\u590d\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u8ba1\u7b97\u6548\u7387\u3002
    • \u4e0d\u8003\u8651\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u95ee\u9898\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u56de\u6eaf\uff08\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22\uff09\u8fdb\u884c\u6c42\u89e3\uff0c\u4f46\u9012\u5f52\u6811\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u91cd\u53e0\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6548\u7387\u6781\u4f4e\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5f15\u5165\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b58\u50a8\u6240\u6709\u8ba1\u7b97\u8fc7\u7684\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4fdd\u8bc1\u91cd\u53e0\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u53ea\u88ab\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e00\u6b21\u3002
    • \u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u7684\u9012\u5f52\u5f0f\u89e3\u6cd5\uff0c\u800c\u4e0e\u4e4b\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4ece\u5e95\u81f3\u9876\u7684\u9012\u63a8\u5f0f\u89e3\u6cd5\uff0c\u5176\u5982\u540c\u201c\u586b\u5199\u8868\u683c\u201d\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u4ec5\u4f9d\u8d56\u67d0\u4e9b\u5c40\u90e8\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6d88\u9664 \\(dp\\) \u8868\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ef4\u5ea6\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u964d\u4f4e\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u3002
    • \u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u5206\u89e3\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u901a\u7528\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u601d\u8def\uff0c\u5728\u5206\u6cbb\u3001\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u3001\u56de\u6eaf\u4e2d\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u3002
    • \u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u95ee\u9898\u6709\u4e09\u5927\u7279\u6027\uff1a\u91cd\u53e0\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u3001\u6700\u4f18\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u65e0\u540e\u6548\u6027\u3002
    • \u5982\u679c\u539f\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u6784\u5efa\u5f97\u6765\uff0c\u5219\u5b83\u5c31\u5177\u6709\u6700\u4f18\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u3002
    • \u65e0\u540e\u6548\u6027\u6307\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5176\u672a\u6765\u53d1\u5c55\u53ea\u4e0e\u8be5\u72b6\u6001\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u800c\u4e0e\u8fc7\u53bb\u7ecf\u5386\u7684\u6240\u6709\u72b6\u6001\u65e0\u5173\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u7ec4\u5408\u4f18\u5316\u95ee\u9898\u4e0d\u5177\u6709\u65e0\u540e\u6548\u6027\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u4f7f\u7528\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u5feb\u901f\u6c42\u89e3\u3002

    \u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898

    • \u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u6700\u5178\u578b\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u95ee\u9898\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5177\u6709 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\u3001\u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\u3001\u591a\u91cd\u80cc\u5305\u7b49\u53d8\u79cd\u3002
    • 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u524d \\(i\\) \u4e2a\u7269\u54c1\u5728\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e3a \\(c\\) \u7684\u80cc\u5305\u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u6839\u636e\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u80cc\u5305\u548c\u653e\u5165\u80cc\u5305\u4e24\u79cd\u51b3\u7b56\uff0c\u53ef\u5f97\u5230\u6700\u4f18\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5e76\u6784\u5efa\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u65b9\u7a0b\u3002\u5728\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u4e2d\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u4f9d\u8d56\u6b63\u4e0a\u65b9\u548c\u5de6\u4e0a\u65b9\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u5de6\u4e0a\u65b9\u72b6\u6001\u88ab\u8986\u76d6\u3002
    • \u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6bcf\u79cd\u7269\u54c1\u7684\u9009\u53d6\u6570\u91cf\u65e0\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9009\u62e9\u653e\u5165\u7269\u54c1\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u4e0e 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u72b6\u6001\u4f9d\u8d56\u6b63\u4e0a\u65b9\u548c\u6b63\u5de6\u65b9\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u4e2d\u5e94\u5f53\u6b63\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u3002
    • \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u79cd\u3002\u5b83\u4ece\u6c42\u201c\u6700\u5927\u201d\u4ef7\u503c\u53d8\u4e3a\u6c42\u201c\u6700\u5c0f\u201d\u786c\u5e01\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u65b9\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684 \\(\\max()\\) \u5e94\u6539\u4e3a \\(\\min()\\) \u3002\u4ece\u8ffd\u6c42\u201c\u4e0d\u8d85\u8fc7\u201d\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\u5230\u8ffd\u6c42\u201c\u6070\u597d\u201d\u51d1\u51fa\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4f7f\u7528 \\(amt + 1\\) \u6765\u8868\u793a\u201c\u65e0\u6cd5\u51d1\u51fa\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\u201d\u7684\u65e0\u6548\u89e3\u3002
    • \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362 II \u95ee\u9898\u4ece\u6c42\u201c\u6700\u5c11\u786c\u5e01\u6570\u91cf\u201d\u6539\u4e3a\u6c42\u201c\u786c\u5e01\u7ec4\u5408\u6570\u91cf\u201d\uff0c\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u65b9\u7a0b\u76f8\u5e94\u5730\u4ece \\(\\min()\\) \u6539\u4e3a\u6c42\u548c\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\u3002

    \u7f16\u8f91\u8ddd\u79bb\u95ee\u9898

    • \u7f16\u8f91\u8ddd\u79bb\uff08Levenshtein \u8ddd\u79bb\uff09\u7528\u4e8e\u8861\u91cf\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u5ea6\uff0c\u5176\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570\uff0c\u7f16\u8f91\u64cd\u4f5c\u5305\u62ec\u6dfb\u52a0\u3001\u5220\u9664\u3001\u66ff\u6362\u3002
    • \u7f16\u8f91\u8ddd\u79bb\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u5c06 \\(s\\) \u7684\u524d \\(i\\) \u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u66f4\u6539\u4e3a \\(t\\) \u7684\u524d \\(j\\) \u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u6240\u9700\u7684\u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570\u3002\u5f53 \\(s[i] \\ne t[j]\\) \u65f6\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u4e09\u79cd\u51b3\u7b56\uff1a\u6dfb\u52a0\u3001\u5220\u9664\u3001\u66ff\u6362\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u6709\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u5269\u4f59\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u636e\u6b64\u4fbf\u53ef\u4ee5\u627e\u51fa\u6700\u4f18\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u6784\u5efa\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u65b9\u7a0b\u3002\u800c\u5f53 \\(s[i] = t[j]\\) \u65f6\uff0c\u65e0\u987b\u7f16\u8f91\u5f53\u524d\u5b57\u7b26\u3002
    • \u5728\u7f16\u8f91\u8ddd\u79bb\u4e2d\uff0c\u72b6\u6001\u4f9d\u8d56\u5176\u6b63\u4e0a\u65b9\u3001\u6b63\u5de6\u65b9\u3001\u5de6\u4e0a\u65b9\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u6b63\u5e8f\u6216\u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u90fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u6b63\u786e\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5229\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u6682\u5b58\u5de6\u4e0a\u65b9\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u8f6c\u5316\u5230\u4e0e\u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898\u7b49\u4ef7\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u8fdb\u884c\u6b63\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/unbounded_knapsack_problem/","title":"14.5 \u00a0 \u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898","text":"

    \u5728\u672c\u8282\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5148\u6c42\u89e3\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\uff0c\u518d\u4e86\u89e3\u5b83\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u4f8b\uff1a\u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/unbounded_knapsack_problem/#1451","title":"14.5.1 \u00a0 \u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305","text":"

    Question

    \u7ed9\u5b9a \\(n\\) \u4e2a\u7269\u54c1\uff0c\u7b2c \\(i\\) \u4e2a\u7269\u54c1\u7684\u91cd\u91cf\u4e3a \\(wgt[i-1]\\)\u3001\u4ef7\u503c\u4e3a \\(val[i-1]\\) \uff0c\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e3a \\(cap\\) \u7684\u80cc\u5305\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7269\u54c1\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u53d6\uff0c\u95ee\u5728\u9650\u5b9a\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e0b\u80fd\u653e\u5165\u7269\u54c1\u7684\u6700\u5927\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u793a\u4f8b\u5982\u56fe 14-22 \u6240\u793a\u3002

    \u56fe 14-22 \u00a0 \u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u6570\u636e

    "},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/unbounded_knapsack_problem/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u601d\u8def","text":"

    \u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898\u548c 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898\u975e\u5e38\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u533a\u522b\u4ec5\u5728\u4e8e\u4e0d\u9650\u5236\u7269\u54c1\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u6b21\u6570\u3002

    • \u5728 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u79cd\u7269\u54c1\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5c06\u7269\u54c1 \\(i\\) \u653e\u5165\u80cc\u5305\u540e\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u4ece\u524d \\(i-1\\) \u4e2a\u7269\u54c1\u4e2d\u9009\u62e9\u3002
    • \u5728\u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u79cd\u7269\u54c1\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u662f\u65e0\u9650\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5c06\u7269\u54c1 \\(i\\) \u653e\u5165\u80cc\u5305\u540e\uff0c\u4ecd\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u524d \\(i\\) \u4e2a\u7269\u54c1\u4e2d\u9009\u62e9\u3002

    \u5728\u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e0b\uff0c\u72b6\u6001 \\([i, c]\\) \u7684\u53d8\u5316\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u3002

    • \u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u7269\u54c1 \\(i\\) \uff1a\u4e0e 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u8f6c\u79fb\u81f3 \\([i-1, c]\\) \u3002
    • \u653e\u5165\u7269\u54c1 \\(i\\) \uff1a\u4e0e 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u8f6c\u79fb\u81f3 \\([i, c-wgt[i-1]]\\) \u3002

    \u4ece\u800c\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u65b9\u7a0b\u53d8\u4e3a\uff1a

    \\[ dp[i, c] = \\max(dp[i-1, c], dp[i, c - wgt[i-1]] + val[i-1]) \\]"},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/unbounded_knapsack_problem/#2","title":"2. \u00a0 \u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0","text":"

    \u5bf9\u6bd4\u4e24\u9053\u9898\u76ee\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u5904\u4ece \\(i-1\\) \u53d8\u4e3a \\(i\\) \uff0c\u5176\u4f59\u5b8c\u5168\u4e00\u81f4\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig unbounded_knapsack.py
    def unbounded_knapsack_dp(wgt: list[int], val: list[int], cap: int) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\"\"\"\n    n = len(wgt)\n    # \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    dp = [[0] * (cap + 1) for _ in range(n + 1)]\n    # \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for i in range(1, n + 1):\n        for c in range(1, cap + 1):\n            if wgt[i - 1] > c:\n                # \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i\n                dp[i][c] = dp[i - 1][c]\n            else:\n                # \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\n                dp[i][c] = max(dp[i - 1][c], dp[i][c - wgt[i - 1]] + val[i - 1])\n    return dp[n][cap]\n
    unbounded_knapsack.cpp
    /* \u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint unboundedKnapsackDP(vector<int> &wgt, vector<int> &val, int cap) {\n    int n = wgt.size();\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    vector<vector<int>> dp(n + 1, vector<int>(cap + 1, 0));\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        for (int c = 1; c <= cap; c++) {\n            if (wgt[i - 1] > c) {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i\n                dp[i][c] = dp[i - 1][c];\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\n                dp[i][c] = max(dp[i - 1][c], dp[i][c - wgt[i - 1]] + val[i - 1]);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[n][cap];\n}\n
    unbounded_knapsack.java
    /* \u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint unboundedKnapsackDP(int[] wgt, int[] val, int cap) {\n    int n = wgt.length;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    int[][] dp = new int[n + 1][cap + 1];\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        for (int c = 1; c <= cap; c++) {\n            if (wgt[i - 1] > c) {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i\n                dp[i][c] = dp[i - 1][c];\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\n                dp[i][c] = Math.max(dp[i - 1][c], dp[i][c - wgt[i - 1]] + val[i - 1]);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[n][cap];\n}\n
    unbounded_knapsack.cs
    /* \u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint UnboundedKnapsackDP(int[] wgt, int[] val, int cap) {\n    int n = wgt.Length;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    int[,] dp = new int[n + 1, cap + 1];\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        for (int c = 1; c <= cap; c++) {\n            if (wgt[i - 1] > c) {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i\n                dp[i, c] = dp[i - 1, c];\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\n                dp[i, c] = Math.Max(dp[i - 1, c], dp[i, c - wgt[i - 1]] + val[i - 1]);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[n, cap];\n}\n
    unbounded_knapsack.go
    /* \u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunc unboundedKnapsackDP(wgt, val []int, cap int) int {\n    n := len(wgt)\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    dp := make([][]int, n+1)\n    for i := 0; i <= n; i++ {\n        dp[i] = make([]int, cap+1)\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for i := 1; i <= n; i++ {\n        for c := 1; c <= cap; c++ {\n            if wgt[i-1] > c {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i\n                dp[i][c] = dp[i-1][c]\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\n                dp[i][c] = int(math.Max(float64(dp[i-1][c]), float64(dp[i][c-wgt[i-1]]+val[i-1])))\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[n][cap]\n}\n
    unbounded_knapsack.swift
    /* \u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunc unboundedKnapsackDP(wgt: [Int], val: [Int], cap: Int) -> Int {\n    let n = wgt.count\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    var dp = Array(repeating: Array(repeating: 0, count: cap + 1), count: n + 1)\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for i in stride(from: 1, through: n, by: 1) {\n        for c in stride(from: 1, through: cap, by: 1) {\n            if wgt[i - 1] > c {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i\n                dp[i][c] = dp[i - 1][c]\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\n                dp[i][c] = max(dp[i - 1][c], dp[i][c - wgt[i - 1]] + val[i - 1])\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[n][cap]\n}\n
    unbounded_knapsack.js
    /* \u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunction unboundedKnapsackDP(wgt, val, cap) {\n    const n = wgt.length;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    const dp = Array.from({ length: n + 1 }, () =>\n        Array.from({ length: cap + 1 }, () => 0)\n    );\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for (let i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        for (let c = 1; c <= cap; c++) {\n            if (wgt[i - 1] > c) {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i\n                dp[i][c] = dp[i - 1][c];\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\n                dp[i][c] = Math.max(\n                    dp[i - 1][c],\n                    dp[i][c - wgt[i - 1]] + val[i - 1]\n                );\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[n][cap];\n}\n
    unbounded_knapsack.ts
    /* \u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunction unboundedKnapsackDP(\n    wgt: Array<number>,\n    val: Array<number>,\n    cap: number\n): number {\n    const n = wgt.length;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    const dp = Array.from({ length: n + 1 }, () =>\n        Array.from({ length: cap + 1 }, () => 0)\n    );\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for (let i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        for (let c = 1; c <= cap; c++) {\n            if (wgt[i - 1] > c) {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i\n                dp[i][c] = dp[i - 1][c];\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\n                dp[i][c] = Math.max(\n                    dp[i - 1][c],\n                    dp[i][c - wgt[i - 1]] + val[i - 1]\n                );\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[n][cap];\n}\n
    unbounded_knapsack.dart
    /* \u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint unboundedKnapsackDP(List<int> wgt, List<int> val, int cap) {\n  int n = wgt.length;\n  // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n  List<List<int>> dp = List.generate(n + 1, (index) => List.filled(cap + 1, 0));\n  // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n  for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n    for (int c = 1; c <= cap; c++) {\n      if (wgt[i - 1] > c) {\n        // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i\n        dp[i][c] = dp[i - 1][c];\n      } else {\n        // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\n        dp[i][c] = max(dp[i - 1][c], dp[i][c - wgt[i - 1]] + val[i - 1]);\n      }\n    }\n  }\n  return dp[n][cap];\n}\n
    unbounded_knapsack.rs
    /* \u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfn unbounded_knapsack_dp(wgt: &[i32], val: &[i32], cap: usize) -> i32 {\n    let n = wgt.len();\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    let mut dp = vec![vec![0; cap + 1]; n + 1];\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for i in 1..=n {\n        for c in 1..=cap {\n            if wgt[i - 1] > c as i32 {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i\n                dp[i][c] = dp[i - 1][c];\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\n                dp[i][c] = std::cmp::max(dp[i - 1][c], dp[i][c - wgt[i - 1] as usize] + val[i - 1]);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[n][cap];\n}\n
    unbounded_knapsack.c
    /* \u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint unboundedKnapsackDP(int wgt[], int val[], int cap, int wgtSize) {\n    int n = wgtSize;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    int **dp = malloc((n + 1) * sizeof(int *));\n    for (int i = 0; i <= n; i++) {\n        dp[i] = calloc(cap + 1, sizeof(int));\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        for (int c = 1; c <= cap; c++) {\n            if (wgt[i - 1] > c) {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i\n                dp[i][c] = dp[i - 1][c];\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\n                dp[i][c] = myMax(dp[i - 1][c], dp[i][c - wgt[i - 1]] + val[i - 1]);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    int res = dp[n][cap];\n    // \u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\n    for (int i = 0; i <= n; i++) {\n        free(dp[i]);\n    }\n    return res;\n}\n
    unbounded_knapsack.zig
    // \u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\nfn unboundedKnapsackDP(comptime wgt: []i32, val: []i32, comptime cap: usize) i32 {\n    comptime var n = wgt.len;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    var dp = [_][cap + 1]i32{[_]i32{0} ** (cap + 1)} ** (n + 1);\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for (1..n + 1) |i| {\n        for (1..cap + 1) |c| {\n            if (wgt[i - 1] > c) {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i\n                dp[i][c] = dp[i - 1][c];\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\n                dp[i][c] = @max(dp[i - 1][c], dp[i][c - @as(usize, @intCast(wgt[i - 1]))] + val[i - 1]);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[n][cap];\n}\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/unbounded_knapsack_problem/#3","title":"3. \u00a0 \u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316","text":"

    \u7531\u4e8e\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u662f\u4ece\u5de6\u8fb9\u548c\u4e0a\u8fb9\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u800c\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u5e94\u8be5\u5bf9 \\(dp\\) \u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u884c\u8fdb\u884c\u6b63\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u3002

    \u8fd9\u4e2a\u904d\u5386\u987a\u5e8f\u4e0e 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\u6b63\u597d\u76f8\u53cd\u3002\u8bf7\u501f\u52a9\u56fe 14-23 \u6765\u7406\u89e3\u4e24\u8005\u7684\u533a\u522b\u3002

    <1><2><3><4><5><6>

    \u56fe 14-23 \u00a0 \u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898\u5728\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u8fc7\u7a0b

    \u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0\u6bd4\u8f83\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u4ec5\u9700\u5c06\u6570\u7ec4 dp \u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ef4\u5220\u9664\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig unbounded_knapsack.py
    def unbounded_knapsack_dp_comp(wgt: list[int], val: list[int], cap: int) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\"\"\"\n    n = len(wgt)\n    # \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    dp = [0] * (cap + 1)\n    # \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for i in range(1, n + 1):\n        # \u6b63\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\n        for c in range(1, cap + 1):\n            if wgt[i - 1] > c:\n                # \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i\n                dp[c] = dp[c]\n            else:\n                # \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\n                dp[c] = max(dp[c], dp[c - wgt[i - 1]] + val[i - 1])\n    return dp[cap]\n
    unbounded_knapsack.cpp
    /* \u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint unboundedKnapsackDPComp(vector<int> &wgt, vector<int> &val, int cap) {\n    int n = wgt.size();\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    vector<int> dp(cap + 1, 0);\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        for (int c = 1; c <= cap; c++) {\n            if (wgt[i - 1] > c) {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i\n                dp[c] = dp[c];\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\n                dp[c] = max(dp[c], dp[c - wgt[i - 1]] + val[i - 1]);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[cap];\n}\n
    unbounded_knapsack.java
    /* \u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint unboundedKnapsackDPComp(int[] wgt, int[] val, int cap) {\n    int n = wgt.length;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    int[] dp = new int[cap + 1];\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        for (int c = 1; c <= cap; c++) {\n            if (wgt[i - 1] > c) {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i\n                dp[c] = dp[c];\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\n                dp[c] = Math.max(dp[c], dp[c - wgt[i - 1]] + val[i - 1]);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[cap];\n}\n
    unbounded_knapsack.cs
    /* \u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint UnboundedKnapsackDPComp(int[] wgt, int[] val, int cap) {\n    int n = wgt.Length;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    int[] dp = new int[cap + 1];\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        for (int c = 1; c <= cap; c++) {\n            if (wgt[i - 1] > c) {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i\n                dp[c] = dp[c];\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\n                dp[c] = Math.Max(dp[c], dp[c - wgt[i - 1]] + val[i - 1]);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[cap];\n}\n
    unbounded_knapsack.go
    /* \u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunc unboundedKnapsackDPComp(wgt, val []int, cap int) int {\n    n := len(wgt)\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    dp := make([]int, cap+1)\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for i := 1; i <= n; i++ {\n        for c := 1; c <= cap; c++ {\n            if wgt[i-1] > c {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i\n                dp[c] = dp[c]\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\n                dp[c] = int(math.Max(float64(dp[c]), float64(dp[c-wgt[i-1]]+val[i-1])))\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[cap]\n}\n
    unbounded_knapsack.swift
    /* \u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunc unboundedKnapsackDPComp(wgt: [Int], val: [Int], cap: Int) -> Int {\n    let n = wgt.count\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    var dp = Array(repeating: 0, count: cap + 1)\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for i in stride(from: 1, through: n, by: 1) {\n        for c in stride(from: 1, through: cap, by: 1) {\n            if wgt[i - 1] > c {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i\n                dp[c] = dp[c]\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\n                dp[c] = max(dp[c], dp[c - wgt[i - 1]] + val[i - 1])\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[cap]\n}\n
    unbounded_knapsack.js
    /* \u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunction unboundedKnapsackDPComp(wgt, val, cap) {\n    const n = wgt.length;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    const dp = Array.from({ length: cap + 1 }, () => 0);\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for (let i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        for (let c = 1; c <= cap; c++) {\n            if (wgt[i - 1] > c) {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i\n                dp[c] = dp[c];\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\n                dp[c] = Math.max(dp[c], dp[c - wgt[i - 1]] + val[i - 1]);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[cap];\n}\n
    unbounded_knapsack.ts
    /* \u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunction unboundedKnapsackDPComp(\n    wgt: Array<number>,\n    val: Array<number>,\n    cap: number\n): number {\n    const n = wgt.length;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    const dp = Array.from({ length: cap + 1 }, () => 0);\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for (let i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        for (let c = 1; c <= cap; c++) {\n            if (wgt[i - 1] > c) {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i\n                dp[c] = dp[c];\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\n                dp[c] = Math.max(dp[c], dp[c - wgt[i - 1]] + val[i - 1]);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[cap];\n}\n
    unbounded_knapsack.dart
    /* \u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint unboundedKnapsackDPComp(List<int> wgt, List<int> val, int cap) {\n  int n = wgt.length;\n  // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n  List<int> dp = List.filled(cap + 1, 0);\n  // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n  for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n    for (int c = 1; c <= cap; c++) {\n      if (wgt[i - 1] > c) {\n        // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i\n        dp[c] = dp[c];\n      } else {\n        // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\n        dp[c] = max(dp[c], dp[c - wgt[i - 1]] + val[i - 1]);\n      }\n    }\n  }\n  return dp[cap];\n}\n
    unbounded_knapsack.rs
    /* \u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfn unbounded_knapsack_dp_comp(wgt: &[i32], val: &[i32], cap: usize) -> i32 {\n    let n = wgt.len();\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    let mut dp = vec![0; cap + 1];\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for i in 1..=n {\n        for c in 1..=cap {\n            if wgt[i - 1] > c as i32 {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i\n                dp[c] = dp[c];\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\n                dp[c] = std::cmp::max(dp[c], dp[c - wgt[i - 1] as usize] + val[i - 1]);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    dp[cap]\n}\n
    unbounded_knapsack.c
    /* \u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint unboundedKnapsackDPComp(int wgt[], int val[], int cap, int wgtSize) {\n    int n = wgtSize;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    int *dp = calloc(cap + 1, sizeof(int));\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        for (int c = 1; c <= cap; c++) {\n            if (wgt[i - 1] > c) {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i\n                dp[c] = dp[c];\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\n                dp[c] = myMax(dp[c], dp[c - wgt[i - 1]] + val[i - 1]);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    int res = dp[cap];\n    // \u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\n    free(dp);\n    return res;\n}\n
    unbounded_knapsack.zig
    // \u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\nfn unboundedKnapsackDPComp(comptime wgt: []i32, val: []i32, comptime cap: usize) i32 {\n    comptime var n = wgt.len;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    var dp = [_]i32{0} ** (cap + 1);\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for (1..n + 1) |i| {\n        for (1..cap + 1) |c| {\n            if (wgt[i - 1] > c) {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i\n                dp[c] = dp[c];\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\n                dp[c] = @max(dp[c], dp[c - @as(usize, @intCast(wgt[i - 1]))] + val[i - 1]);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[cap];\n}\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/unbounded_knapsack_problem/#1452","title":"14.5.2 \u00a0 \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\u95ee\u9898","text":"

    \u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u4e00\u5927\u7c7b\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\uff0c\u5176\u62e5\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u53d8\u79cd\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\u95ee\u9898\u3002

    Question

    \u7ed9\u5b9a \\(n\\) \u79cd\u786c\u5e01\uff0c\u7b2c \\(i\\) \u79cd\u786c\u5e01\u7684\u9762\u503c\u4e3a \\(coins[i - 1]\\) \uff0c\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\u4e3a \\(amt\\) \uff0c\u6bcf\u79cd\u786c\u5e01\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u53d6\uff0c\u95ee\u80fd\u591f\u51d1\u51fa\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\u7684\u6700\u5c11\u786c\u5e01\u6570\u91cf\u3002\u5982\u679c\u65e0\u6cd5\u51d1\u51fa\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de \\(-1\\) \u3002\u793a\u4f8b\u5982\u56fe 14-24 \u6240\u793a\u3002

    \u56fe 14-24 \u00a0 \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u6570\u636e

    "},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/unbounded_knapsack_problem/#1_1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u601d\u8def","text":"

    \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u4f5c\u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u4e24\u8005\u5177\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8054\u7cfb\u4e0e\u4e0d\u540c\u70b9\u3002

    • \u4e24\u9053\u9898\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f8\u4e92\u8f6c\u6362\uff0c\u201c\u7269\u54c1\u201d\u5bf9\u5e94\u201c\u786c\u5e01\u201d\u3001\u201c\u7269\u54c1\u91cd\u91cf\u201d\u5bf9\u5e94\u201c\u786c\u5e01\u9762\u503c\u201d\u3001\u201c\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\u201d\u5bf9\u5e94\u201c\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\u201d\u3002
    • \u4f18\u5316\u76ee\u6807\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u8981\u6700\u5927\u5316\u7269\u54c1\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u8981\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u786c\u5e01\u6570\u91cf\u3002
    • \u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u6c42\u201c\u4e0d\u8d85\u8fc7\u201d\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e0b\u7684\u89e3\uff0c\u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\u662f\u6c42\u201c\u6070\u597d\u201d\u51d1\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\u7684\u89e3\u3002

    \u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\uff1a\u601d\u8003\u6bcf\u8f6e\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\uff0c\u5b9a\u4e49\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f97\u5230 \\(dp\\) \u8868

    \u72b6\u6001 \\([i, a]\\) \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u4e3a\uff1a\u524d \\(i\\) \u79cd\u786c\u5e01\u80fd\u591f\u51d1\u51fa\u91d1\u989d \\(a\\) \u7684\u6700\u5c11\u786c\u5e01\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a \\(dp[i, a]\\) \u3002

    \u4e8c\u7ef4 \\(dp\\) \u8868\u7684\u5c3a\u5bf8\u4e3a \\((n+1) \\times (amt+1)\\) \u3002

    \u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b65\uff1a\u627e\u51fa\u6700\u4f18\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u63a8\u5bfc\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u65b9\u7a0b

    \u672c\u9898\u4e0e\u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u65b9\u7a0b\u5b58\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e24\u70b9\u5dee\u5f02\u3002

    • \u672c\u9898\u8981\u6c42\u6700\u5c0f\u503c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u5c06\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26 \\(\\max()\\) \u66f4\u6539\u4e3a \\(\\min()\\) \u3002
    • \u4f18\u5316\u4e3b\u4f53\u662f\u786c\u5e01\u6570\u91cf\u800c\u975e\u5546\u54c1\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u9009\u4e2d\u786c\u5e01\u65f6\u6267\u884c \\(+1\\) \u5373\u53ef\u3002
    \\[ dp[i, a] = \\min(dp[i-1, a], dp[i, a - coins[i-1]] + 1) \\]

    \u7b2c\u4e09\u6b65\uff1a\u786e\u5b9a\u8fb9\u754c\u6761\u4ef6\u548c\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u987a\u5e8f

    \u5f53\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\u4e3a \\(0\\) \u65f6\uff0c\u51d1\u51fa\u5b83\u7684\u6700\u5c11\u786c\u5e01\u6570\u91cf\u4e3a \\(0\\) \uff0c\u5373\u9996\u5217\u6240\u6709 \\(dp[i, 0]\\) \u90fd\u7b49\u4e8e \\(0\\) \u3002

    \u5f53\u65e0\u786c\u5e01\u65f6\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u51d1\u51fa\u4efb\u610f \\(> 0\\) \u7684\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\uff0c\u5373\u662f\u65e0\u6548\u89e3\u3002\u4e3a\u4f7f\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u65b9\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684 \\(\\min()\\) \u51fd\u6570\u80fd\u591f\u8bc6\u522b\u5e76\u8fc7\u6ee4\u65e0\u6548\u89e3\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8003\u8651\u4f7f\u7528 \\(+ \\infty\\) \u6765\u8868\u793a\u5b83\u4eec\uff0c\u5373\u4ee4\u9996\u884c\u6240\u6709 \\(dp[0, a]\\) \u90fd\u7b49\u4e8e \\(+ \\infty\\) \u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/unbounded_knapsack_problem/#2_1","title":"2. \u00a0 \u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0","text":"

    \u5927\u591a\u6570\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u5e76\u672a\u63d0\u4f9b \\(+ \\infty\\) \u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528\u6574\u578b int \u7684\u6700\u5927\u503c\u6765\u4ee3\u66ff\u3002\u800c\u8fd9\u53c8\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5927\u6570\u8d8a\u754c\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u65b9\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684 \\(+ 1\\) \u64cd\u4f5c\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u6ea2\u51fa\u3002

    \u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u91c7\u7528\u6570\u5b57 \\(amt + 1\\) \u6765\u8868\u793a\u65e0\u6548\u89e3\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u51d1\u51fa \\(amt\\) \u7684\u786c\u5e01\u6570\u91cf\u6700\u591a\u4e3a \\(amt\\) \u3002\u6700\u540e\u8fd4\u56de\u524d\uff0c\u5224\u65ad \\(dp[n, amt]\\) \u662f\u5426\u7b49\u4e8e \\(amt + 1\\) \uff0c\u82e5\u662f\u5219\u8fd4\u56de \\(-1\\) \uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u65e0\u6cd5\u51d1\u51fa\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\u3002\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig coin_change.py
    def coin_change_dp(coins: list[int], amt: int) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\"\"\"\n    n = len(coins)\n    MAX = amt + 1\n    # \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    dp = [[0] * (amt + 1) for _ in range(n + 1)]\n    # \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\u9996\u5217\n    for a in range(1, amt + 1):\n        dp[0][a] = MAX\n    # \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\u548c\u5217\n    for i in range(1, n + 1):\n        for a in range(1, amt + 1):\n            if coins[i - 1] > a:\n                # \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\n                dp[i][a] = dp[i - 1][a]\n            else:\n                # \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5c0f\u503c\n                dp[i][a] = min(dp[i - 1][a], dp[i][a - coins[i - 1]] + 1)\n    return dp[n][amt] if dp[n][amt] != MAX else -1\n
    coin_change.cpp
    /* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint coinChangeDP(vector<int> &coins, int amt) {\n    int n = coins.size();\n    int MAX = amt + 1;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    vector<vector<int>> dp(n + 1, vector<int>(amt + 1, 0));\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\u9996\u5217\n    for (int a = 1; a <= amt; a++) {\n        dp[0][a] = MAX;\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\u548c\u5217\n    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        for (int a = 1; a <= amt; a++) {\n            if (coins[i - 1] > a) {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\n                dp[i][a] = dp[i - 1][a];\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5c0f\u503c\n                dp[i][a] = min(dp[i - 1][a], dp[i][a - coins[i - 1]] + 1);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[n][amt] != MAX ? dp[n][amt] : -1;\n}\n
    coin_change.java
    /* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint coinChangeDP(int[] coins, int amt) {\n    int n = coins.length;\n    int MAX = amt + 1;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    int[][] dp = new int[n + 1][amt + 1];\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\u9996\u5217\n    for (int a = 1; a <= amt; a++) {\n        dp[0][a] = MAX;\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\u548c\u5217\n    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        for (int a = 1; a <= amt; a++) {\n            if (coins[i - 1] > a) {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\n                dp[i][a] = dp[i - 1][a];\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5c0f\u503c\n                dp[i][a] = Math.min(dp[i - 1][a], dp[i][a - coins[i - 1]] + 1);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[n][amt] != MAX ? dp[n][amt] : -1;\n}\n
    coin_change.cs
    /* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint CoinChangeDP(int[] coins, int amt) {\n    int n = coins.Length;\n    int MAX = amt + 1;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    int[,] dp = new int[n + 1, amt + 1];\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\u9996\u5217\n    for (int a = 1; a <= amt; a++) {\n        dp[0, a] = MAX;\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\u548c\u5217\n    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        for (int a = 1; a <= amt; a++) {\n            if (coins[i - 1] > a) {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\n                dp[i, a] = dp[i - 1, a];\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5c0f\u503c\n                dp[i, a] = Math.Min(dp[i - 1, a], dp[i, a - coins[i - 1]] + 1);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[n, amt] != MAX ? dp[n, amt] : -1;\n}\n
    coin_change.go
    /* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunc coinChangeDP(coins []int, amt int) int {\n    n := len(coins)\n    max := amt + 1\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    dp := make([][]int, n+1)\n    for i := 0; i <= n; i++ {\n        dp[i] = make([]int, amt+1)\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\u9996\u5217\n    for a := 1; a <= amt; a++ {\n        dp[0][a] = max\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\u548c\u5217\n    for i := 1; i <= n; i++ {\n        for a := 1; a <= amt; a++ {\n            if coins[i-1] > a {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\n                dp[i][a] = dp[i-1][a]\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5c0f\u503c\n                dp[i][a] = int(math.Min(float64(dp[i-1][a]), float64(dp[i][a-coins[i-1]]+1)))\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    if dp[n][amt] != max {\n        return dp[n][amt]\n    }\n    return -1\n}\n
    coin_change.swift
    /* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunc coinChangeDP(coins: [Int], amt: Int) -> Int {\n    let n = coins.count\n    let MAX = amt + 1\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    var dp = Array(repeating: Array(repeating: 0, count: amt + 1), count: n + 1)\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\u9996\u5217\n    for a in stride(from: 1, through: amt, by: 1) {\n        dp[0][a] = MAX\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\u548c\u5217\n    for i in stride(from: 1, through: n, by: 1) {\n        for a in stride(from: 1, through: amt, by: 1) {\n            if coins[i - 1] > a {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\n                dp[i][a] = dp[i - 1][a]\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5c0f\u503c\n                dp[i][a] = min(dp[i - 1][a], dp[i][a - coins[i - 1]] + 1)\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[n][amt] != MAX ? dp[n][amt] : -1\n}\n
    coin_change.js
    /* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunction coinChangeDP(coins, amt) {\n    const n = coins.length;\n    const MAX = amt + 1;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    const dp = Array.from({ length: n + 1 }, () =>\n        Array.from({ length: amt + 1 }, () => 0)\n    );\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\u9996\u5217\n    for (let a = 1; a <= amt; a++) {\n        dp[0][a] = MAX;\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\u548c\u5217\n    for (let i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        for (let a = 1; a <= amt; a++) {\n            if (coins[i - 1] > a) {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\n                dp[i][a] = dp[i - 1][a];\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5c0f\u503c\n                dp[i][a] = Math.min(dp[i - 1][a], dp[i][a - coins[i - 1]] + 1);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[n][amt] !== MAX ? dp[n][amt] : -1;\n}\n
    coin_change.ts
    /* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunction coinChangeDP(coins: Array<number>, amt: number): number {\n    const n = coins.length;\n    const MAX = amt + 1;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    const dp = Array.from({ length: n + 1 }, () =>\n        Array.from({ length: amt + 1 }, () => 0)\n    );\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\u9996\u5217\n    for (let a = 1; a <= amt; a++) {\n        dp[0][a] = MAX;\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\u548c\u5217\n    for (let i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        for (let a = 1; a <= amt; a++) {\n            if (coins[i - 1] > a) {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\n                dp[i][a] = dp[i - 1][a];\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5c0f\u503c\n                dp[i][a] = Math.min(dp[i - 1][a], dp[i][a - coins[i - 1]] + 1);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[n][amt] !== MAX ? dp[n][amt] : -1;\n}\n
    coin_change.dart
    /* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint coinChangeDP(List<int> coins, int amt) {\n  int n = coins.length;\n  int MAX = amt + 1;\n  // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n  List<List<int>> dp = List.generate(n + 1, (index) => List.filled(amt + 1, 0));\n  // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\u9996\u5217\n  for (int a = 1; a <= amt; a++) {\n    dp[0][a] = MAX;\n  }\n  // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\u548c\u5217\n  for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n    for (int a = 1; a <= amt; a++) {\n      if (coins[i - 1] > a) {\n        // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\n        dp[i][a] = dp[i - 1][a];\n      } else {\n        // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5c0f\u503c\n        dp[i][a] = min(dp[i - 1][a], dp[i][a - coins[i - 1]] + 1);\n      }\n    }\n  }\n  return dp[n][amt] != MAX ? dp[n][amt] : -1;\n}\n
    coin_change.rs
    /* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfn coin_change_dp(coins: &[i32], amt: usize) -> i32 {\n    let n = coins.len();\n    let max = amt + 1;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    let mut dp = vec![vec![0; amt + 1]; n + 1];\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\u9996\u5217\n    for a in 1..= amt {\n        dp[0][a] = max;\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\u548c\u5217\n    for i in 1..=n {\n        for a in 1..=amt {\n            if coins[i - 1] > a as i32 {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\n                dp[i][a] = dp[i - 1][a];\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5c0f\u503c\n                dp[i][a] = std::cmp::min(dp[i - 1][a], dp[i][a - coins[i - 1] as usize] + 1);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    if dp[n][amt] != max { return dp[n][amt] as i32; } else { -1 }\n}\n
    coin_change.c
    /* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint coinChangeDP(int coins[], int amt, int coinsSize) {\n    int n = coinsSize;\n    int MAX = amt + 1;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    int **dp = malloc((n + 1) * sizeof(int *));\n    for (int i = 0; i <= n; i++) {\n        dp[i] = calloc(amt + 1, sizeof(int));\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\u9996\u5217\n    for (int a = 1; a <= amt; a++) {\n        dp[0][a] = MAX;\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\u548c\u5217\n    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        for (int a = 1; a <= amt; a++) {\n            if (coins[i - 1] > a) {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\n                dp[i][a] = dp[i - 1][a];\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5c0f\u503c\n                dp[i][a] = myMin(dp[i - 1][a], dp[i][a - coins[i - 1]] + 1);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    int res = dp[n][amt] != MAX ? dp[n][amt] : -1;\n    // \u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\n    for (int i = 0; i <= n; i++) {\n        free(dp[i]);\n    }\n    free(dp);\n    return res;\n}\n
    coin_change.zig
    // \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\nfn coinChangeDP(comptime coins: []i32, comptime amt: usize) i32 {\n    comptime var n = coins.len;\n    comptime var max = amt + 1;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    var dp = [_][amt + 1]i32{[_]i32{0} ** (amt + 1)} ** (n + 1);\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\u9996\u5217\n    for (1..amt + 1) |a| {\n        dp[0][a] = max;\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\u548c\u5217\n    for (1..n + 1) |i| {\n        for (1..amt + 1) |a| {\n            if (coins[i - 1] > @as(i32, @intCast(a))) {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\n                dp[i][a] = dp[i - 1][a];\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5c0f\u503c\n                dp[i][a] = @min(dp[i - 1][a], dp[i][a - @as(usize, @intCast(coins[i - 1]))] + 1);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    if (dp[n][amt] != max) {\n        return @intCast(dp[n][amt]);\n    } else {\n        return -1;\n    }\n}\n

    \u56fe 14-25 \u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u548c\u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898\u975e\u5e38\u76f8\u4f3c\u3002

    <1><2><3><4><5><6><7><8><9><10><11><12><13><14><15>

    \u56fe 14-25 \u00a0 \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u8fc7\u7a0b

    "},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/unbounded_knapsack_problem/#3_1","title":"3. \u00a0 \u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316","text":"

    \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u7684\u5904\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f\u548c\u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898\u4e00\u81f4\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig coin_change.py
    def coin_change_dp_comp(coins: list[int], amt: int) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\"\"\"\n    n = len(coins)\n    MAX = amt + 1\n    # \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    dp = [MAX] * (amt + 1)\n    dp[0] = 0\n    # \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for i in range(1, n + 1):\n        # \u6b63\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\n        for a in range(1, amt + 1):\n            if coins[i - 1] > a:\n                # \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\n                dp[a] = dp[a]\n            else:\n                # \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5c0f\u503c\n                dp[a] = min(dp[a], dp[a - coins[i - 1]] + 1)\n    return dp[amt] if dp[amt] != MAX else -1\n
    coin_change.cpp
    /* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint coinChangeDPComp(vector<int> &coins, int amt) {\n    int n = coins.size();\n    int MAX = amt + 1;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    vector<int> dp(amt + 1, MAX);\n    dp[0] = 0;\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        for (int a = 1; a <= amt; a++) {\n            if (coins[i - 1] > a) {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\n                dp[a] = dp[a];\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5c0f\u503c\n                dp[a] = min(dp[a], dp[a - coins[i - 1]] + 1);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[amt] != MAX ? dp[amt] : -1;\n}\n
    coin_change.java
    /* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint coinChangeDPComp(int[] coins, int amt) {\n    int n = coins.length;\n    int MAX = amt + 1;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    int[] dp = new int[amt + 1];\n    Arrays.fill(dp, MAX);\n    dp[0] = 0;\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        for (int a = 1; a <= amt; a++) {\n            if (coins[i - 1] > a) {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\n                dp[a] = dp[a];\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5c0f\u503c\n                dp[a] = Math.min(dp[a], dp[a - coins[i - 1]] + 1);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[amt] != MAX ? dp[amt] : -1;\n}\n
    coin_change.cs
    /* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint CoinChangeDPComp(int[] coins, int amt) {\n    int n = coins.Length;\n    int MAX = amt + 1;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    int[] dp = new int[amt + 1];\n    Array.Fill(dp, MAX);\n    dp[0] = 0;\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        for (int a = 1; a <= amt; a++) {\n            if (coins[i - 1] > a) {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\n                dp[a] = dp[a];\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5c0f\u503c\n                dp[a] = Math.Min(dp[a], dp[a - coins[i - 1]] + 1);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[amt] != MAX ? dp[amt] : -1;\n}\n
    coin_change.go
    /* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunc coinChangeDPComp(coins []int, amt int) int {\n    n := len(coins)\n    max := amt + 1\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    dp := make([]int, amt+1)\n    for i := 1; i <= amt; i++ {\n        dp[i] = max\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for i := 1; i <= n; i++ {\n        // \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\n        for a := 1; a <= amt; a++ {\n            if coins[i-1] > a {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\n                dp[a] = dp[a]\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5c0f\u503c\n                dp[a] = int(math.Min(float64(dp[a]), float64(dp[a-coins[i-1]]+1)))\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    if dp[amt] != max {\n        return dp[amt]\n    }\n    return -1\n}\n
    coin_change.swift
    /* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunc coinChangeDPComp(coins: [Int], amt: Int) -> Int {\n    let n = coins.count\n    let MAX = amt + 1\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    var dp = Array(repeating: MAX, count: amt + 1)\n    dp[0] = 0\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for i in stride(from: 1, through: n, by: 1) {\n        for a in stride(from: 1, through: amt, by: 1) {\n            if coins[i - 1] > a {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\n                dp[a] = dp[a]\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5c0f\u503c\n                dp[a] = min(dp[a], dp[a - coins[i - 1]] + 1)\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[amt] != MAX ? dp[amt] : -1\n}\n
    coin_change.js
    /* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunction coinChangeDPComp(coins, amt) {\n    const n = coins.length;\n    const MAX = amt + 1;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    const dp = Array.from({ length: amt + 1 }, () => MAX);\n    dp[0] = 0;\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for (let i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        for (let a = 1; a <= amt; a++) {\n            if (coins[i - 1] > a) {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\n                dp[a] = dp[a];\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5c0f\u503c\n                dp[a] = Math.min(dp[a], dp[a - coins[i - 1]] + 1);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[amt] !== MAX ? dp[amt] : -1;\n}\n
    coin_change.ts
    /* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunction coinChangeDPComp(coins: Array<number>, amt: number): number {\n    const n = coins.length;\n    const MAX = amt + 1;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    const dp = Array.from({ length: amt + 1 }, () => MAX);\n    dp[0] = 0;\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for (let i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        for (let a = 1; a <= amt; a++) {\n            if (coins[i - 1] > a) {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\n                dp[a] = dp[a];\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5c0f\u503c\n                dp[a] = Math.min(dp[a], dp[a - coins[i - 1]] + 1);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[amt] !== MAX ? dp[amt] : -1;\n}\n
    coin_change.dart
    /* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint coinChangeDPComp(List<int> coins, int amt) {\n  int n = coins.length;\n  int MAX = amt + 1;\n  // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n  List<int> dp = List.filled(amt + 1, MAX);\n  dp[0] = 0;\n  // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n  for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n    for (int a = 1; a <= amt; a++) {\n      if (coins[i - 1] > a) {\n        // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\n        dp[a] = dp[a];\n      } else {\n        // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5c0f\u503c\n        dp[a] = min(dp[a], dp[a - coins[i - 1]] + 1);\n      }\n    }\n  }\n  return dp[amt] != MAX ? dp[amt] : -1;\n}\n
    coin_change.rs
    /* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfn coin_change_dp_comp(coins: &[i32], amt: usize) -> i32 {\n    let n = coins.len();\n    let max = amt + 1;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    let mut dp = vec![0; amt + 1];\n    dp.fill(max);\n    dp[0] = 0;\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for i in 1..=n {\n        for a in 1..=amt {\n            if coins[i - 1] > a as i32 {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\n                dp[a] = dp[a];\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5c0f\u503c\n                dp[a] = std::cmp::min(dp[a], dp[a - coins[i - 1] as usize] + 1);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    if dp[amt] != max { return dp[amt] as i32; } else { -1 }\n}\n
    coin_change.c
    /* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint coinChangeDPComp(int coins[], int amt, int coinsSize) {\n    int n = coinsSize;\n    int MAX = amt + 1;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    int *dp = calloc(amt + 1, sizeof(int));\n    dp[0] = 0;\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        for (int a = 1; a <= amt; a++) {\n            if (coins[i - 1] > a) {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\n                dp[a] = dp[a];\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5c0f\u503c\n                dp[a] = myMin(dp[a], dp[a - coins[i - 1]] + 1);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    int res = dp[amt] != MAX ? dp[amt] : -1;\n    // \u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\n    free(dp);\n    return res;\n}\n
    coin_change.zig
    // \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\nfn coinChangeDPComp(comptime coins: []i32, comptime amt: usize) i32 {\n    comptime var n = coins.len;\n    comptime var max = amt + 1;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    var dp = [_]i32{0} ** (amt + 1);\n    @memset(&dp, max);\n    dp[0] = 0;\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for (1..n + 1) |i| {\n        for (1..amt + 1) |a| {\n            if (coins[i - 1] > @as(i32, @intCast(a))) {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\n                dp[a] = dp[a];\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5c0f\u503c\n                dp[a] = @min(dp[a], dp[a - @as(usize, @intCast(coins[i - 1]))] + 1);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    if (dp[amt] != max) {\n        return @intCast(dp[amt]);\n    } else {\n        return -1;\n    }\n}\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/unbounded_knapsack_problem/#1453-ii","title":"14.5.3 \u00a0 \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\u95ee\u9898 II","text":"

    Question

    \u7ed9\u5b9a \\(n\\) \u79cd\u786c\u5e01\uff0c\u7b2c \\(i\\) \u79cd\u786c\u5e01\u7684\u9762\u503c\u4e3a \\(coins[i - 1]\\) \uff0c\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\u4e3a \\(amt\\) \uff0c\u6bcf\u79cd\u786c\u5e01\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u53d6\uff0c\u95ee\u51d1\u51fa\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\u7684\u786c\u5e01\u7ec4\u5408\u6570\u91cf\u3002\u793a\u4f8b\u5982\u56fe 14-26 \u6240\u793a\u3002

    \u56fe 14-26 \u00a0 \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\u95ee\u9898 II \u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u6570\u636e

    "},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/unbounded_knapsack_problem/#1_2","title":"1. \u00a0 \u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u601d\u8def","text":"

    \u76f8\u6bd4\u4e8e\u4e0a\u4e00\u9898\uff0c\u672c\u9898\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u6c42\u7ec4\u5408\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u53d8\u4e3a\uff1a\u524d \\(i\\) \u79cd\u786c\u5e01\u80fd\u591f\u51d1\u51fa\u91d1\u989d \\(a\\) \u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u6570\u91cf\u3002\u800c \\(dp\\) \u8868\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u5c3a\u5bf8\u4e3a \\((n+1) \\times (amt + 1)\\) \u7684\u4e8c\u7ef4\u77e9\u9635\u3002

    \u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u6570\u91cf\u7b49\u4e8e\u4e0d\u9009\u5f53\u524d\u786c\u5e01\u4e0e\u9009\u5f53\u524d\u786c\u5e01\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u51b3\u7b56\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u6570\u91cf\u4e4b\u548c\u3002\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u65b9\u7a0b\u4e3a\uff1a

    \\[ dp[i, a] = dp[i-1, a] + dp[i, a - coins[i-1]] \\]

    \u5f53\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\u4e3a \\(0\\) \u65f6\uff0c\u65e0\u987b\u9009\u62e9\u4efb\u4f55\u786c\u5e01\u5373\u53ef\u51d1\u51fa\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5e94\u5c06\u9996\u5217\u6240\u6709 \\(dp[i, 0]\\) \u90fd\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e3a \\(1\\) \u3002\u5f53\u65e0\u786c\u5e01\u65f6\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u51d1\u51fa\u4efb\u4f55 \\(>0\\) \u7684\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9996\u884c\u6240\u6709 \\(dp[0, a]\\) \u90fd\u7b49\u4e8e \\(0\\) \u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/unbounded_knapsack_problem/#2_2","title":"2. \u00a0 \u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0","text":"PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig coin_change_ii.py
    def coin_change_ii_dp(coins: list[int], amt: int) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362 II\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\"\"\"\n    n = len(coins)\n    # \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    dp = [[0] * (amt + 1) for _ in range(n + 1)]\n    # \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u9996\u5217\n    for i in range(n + 1):\n        dp[i][0] = 1\n    # \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for i in range(1, n + 1):\n        for a in range(1, amt + 1):\n            if coins[i - 1] > a:\n                # \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\n                dp[i][a] = dp[i - 1][a]\n            else:\n                # \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e4b\u548c\n                dp[i][a] = dp[i - 1][a] + dp[i][a - coins[i - 1]]\n    return dp[n][amt]\n
    coin_change_ii.cpp
    /* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362 II\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint coinChangeIIDP(vector<int> &coins, int amt) {\n    int n = coins.size();\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    vector<vector<int>> dp(n + 1, vector<int>(amt + 1, 0));\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u9996\u5217\n    for (int i = 0; i <= n; i++) {\n        dp[i][0] = 1;\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        for (int a = 1; a <= amt; a++) {\n            if (coins[i - 1] > a) {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\n                dp[i][a] = dp[i - 1][a];\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e4b\u548c\n                dp[i][a] = dp[i - 1][a] + dp[i][a - coins[i - 1]];\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[n][amt];\n}\n
    coin_change_ii.java
    /* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362 II\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint coinChangeIIDP(int[] coins, int amt) {\n    int n = coins.length;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    int[][] dp = new int[n + 1][amt + 1];\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u9996\u5217\n    for (int i = 0; i <= n; i++) {\n        dp[i][0] = 1;\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        for (int a = 1; a <= amt; a++) {\n            if (coins[i - 1] > a) {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\n                dp[i][a] = dp[i - 1][a];\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e4b\u548c\n                dp[i][a] = dp[i - 1][a] + dp[i][a - coins[i - 1]];\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[n][amt];\n}\n
    coin_change_ii.cs
    /* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362 II\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint CoinChangeIIDP(int[] coins, int amt) {\n    int n = coins.Length;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    int[,] dp = new int[n + 1, amt + 1];\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u9996\u5217\n    for (int i = 0; i <= n; i++) {\n        dp[i, 0] = 1;\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        for (int a = 1; a <= amt; a++) {\n            if (coins[i - 1] > a) {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\n                dp[i, a] = dp[i - 1, a];\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e4b\u548c\n                dp[i, a] = dp[i - 1, a] + dp[i, a - coins[i - 1]];\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[n, amt];\n}\n
    coin_change_ii.go
    /* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362 II\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunc coinChangeIIDP(coins []int, amt int) int {\n    n := len(coins)\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    dp := make([][]int, n+1)\n    for i := 0; i <= n; i++ {\n        dp[i] = make([]int, amt+1)\n    }\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u9996\u5217\n    for i := 0; i <= n; i++ {\n        dp[i][0] = 1\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\u548c\u5217\n    for i := 1; i <= n; i++ {\n        for a := 1; a <= amt; a++ {\n            if coins[i-1] > a {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\n                dp[i][a] = dp[i-1][a]\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e4b\u548c\n                dp[i][a] = dp[i-1][a] + dp[i][a-coins[i-1]]\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[n][amt]\n}\n
    coin_change_ii.swift
    /* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362 II\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunc coinChangeIIDP(coins: [Int], amt: Int) -> Int {\n    let n = coins.count\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    var dp = Array(repeating: Array(repeating: 0, count: amt + 1), count: n + 1)\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u9996\u5217\n    for i in stride(from: 0, through: n, by: 1) {\n        dp[i][0] = 1\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for i in stride(from: 1, through: n, by: 1) {\n        for a in stride(from: 1, through: amt, by: 1) {\n            if coins[i - 1] > a {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\n                dp[i][a] = dp[i - 1][a]\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e4b\u548c\n                dp[i][a] = dp[i - 1][a] + dp[i][a - coins[i - 1]]\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[n][amt]\n}\n
    coin_change_ii.js
    /* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362 II\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunction coinChangeIIDP(coins, amt) {\n    const n = coins.length;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    const dp = Array.from({ length: n + 1 }, () =>\n        Array.from({ length: amt + 1 }, () => 0)\n    );\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u9996\u5217\n    for (let i = 0; i <= n; i++) {\n        dp[i][0] = 1;\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for (let i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        for (let a = 1; a <= amt; a++) {\n            if (coins[i - 1] > a) {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\n                dp[i][a] = dp[i - 1][a];\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e4b\u548c\n                dp[i][a] = dp[i - 1][a] + dp[i][a - coins[i - 1]];\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[n][amt];\n}\n
    coin_change_ii.ts
    /* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362 II\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunction coinChangeIIDP(coins: Array<number>, amt: number): number {\n    const n = coins.length;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    const dp = Array.from({ length: n + 1 }, () =>\n        Array.from({ length: amt + 1 }, () => 0)\n    );\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u9996\u5217\n    for (let i = 0; i <= n; i++) {\n        dp[i][0] = 1;\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for (let i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        for (let a = 1; a <= amt; a++) {\n            if (coins[i - 1] > a) {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\n                dp[i][a] = dp[i - 1][a];\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e4b\u548c\n                dp[i][a] = dp[i - 1][a] + dp[i][a - coins[i - 1]];\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[n][amt];\n}\n
    coin_change_ii.dart
    /* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362 II\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint coinChangeIIDP(List<int> coins, int amt) {\n  int n = coins.length;\n  // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n  List<List<int>> dp = List.generate(n + 1, (index) => List.filled(amt + 1, 0));\n  // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u9996\u5217\n  for (int i = 0; i <= n; i++) {\n    dp[i][0] = 1;\n  }\n  // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n  for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n    for (int a = 1; a <= amt; a++) {\n      if (coins[i - 1] > a) {\n        // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\n        dp[i][a] = dp[i - 1][a];\n      } else {\n        // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e4b\u548c\n        dp[i][a] = dp[i - 1][a] + dp[i][a - coins[i - 1]];\n      }\n    }\n  }\n  return dp[n][amt];\n}\n
    coin_change_ii.rs
    /* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362 II\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfn coin_change_ii_dp(coins: &[i32], amt: usize) -> i32 {\n    let n = coins.len();\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    let mut dp = vec![vec![0; amt + 1]; n + 1];\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u9996\u5217\n    for i in 0..= n {\n        dp[i][0] = 1;\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for i in 1..=n {\n        for a in 1..=amt {\n            if coins[i - 1] > a as i32 {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\n                dp[i][a] = dp[i - 1][a];\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5c0f\u503c\n                dp[i][a] = dp[i - 1][a] + dp[i][a - coins[i - 1] as usize];\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    dp[n][amt]\n}\n
    coin_change_ii.c
    /* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362 II\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint coinChangeIIDP(int coins[], int amt, int coinsSize) {\n    int n = coinsSize;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    int **dp = malloc((n + 1) * sizeof(int *));\n    for (int i = 0; i <= n; i++) {\n        dp[i] = calloc(amt + 1, sizeof(int));\n    }\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u9996\u5217\n    for (int i = 0; i <= n; i++) {\n        dp[i][0] = 1;\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        for (int a = 1; a <= amt; a++) {\n            if (coins[i - 1] > a) {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\n                dp[i][a] = dp[i - 1][a];\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e4b\u548c\n                dp[i][a] = dp[i - 1][a] + dp[i][a - coins[i - 1]];\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    int res = dp[n][amt];\n    // \u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\n    for (int i = 0; i <= n; i++) {\n        free(dp[i]);\n    }\n    free(dp);\n    return res;\n}\n
    coin_change_ii.zig
    // \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362 II\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\nfn coinChangeIIDP(comptime coins: []i32, comptime amt: usize) i32 {\n    comptime var n = coins.len;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    var dp = [_][amt + 1]i32{[_]i32{0} ** (amt + 1)} ** (n + 1);\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u9996\u5217\n    for (0..n + 1) |i| {\n        dp[i][0] = 1;\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for (1..n + 1) |i| {\n        for (1..amt + 1) |a| {\n            if (coins[i - 1] > @as(i32, @intCast(a))) {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\n                dp[i][a] = dp[i - 1][a];\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5c0f\u503c\n                dp[i][a] = dp[i - 1][a] + dp[i][a - @as(usize, @intCast(coins[i - 1]))];\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[n][amt];\n}\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/unbounded_knapsack_problem/#3_2","title":"3. \u00a0 \u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316","text":"

    \u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u5904\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u5220\u9664\u786c\u5e01\u7ef4\u5ea6\u5373\u53ef\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig coin_change_ii.py
    def coin_change_ii_dp_comp(coins: list[int], amt: int) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362 II\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\"\"\"\n    n = len(coins)\n    # \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    dp = [0] * (amt + 1)\n    dp[0] = 1\n    # \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for i in range(1, n + 1):\n        # \u6b63\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\n        for a in range(1, amt + 1):\n            if coins[i - 1] > a:\n                # \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\n                dp[a] = dp[a]\n            else:\n                # \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e4b\u548c\n                dp[a] = dp[a] + dp[a - coins[i - 1]]\n    return dp[amt]\n
    coin_change_ii.cpp
    /* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362 II\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint coinChangeIIDPComp(vector<int> &coins, int amt) {\n    int n = coins.size();\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    vector<int> dp(amt + 1, 0);\n    dp[0] = 1;\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        for (int a = 1; a <= amt; a++) {\n            if (coins[i - 1] > a) {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\n                dp[a] = dp[a];\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e4b\u548c\n                dp[a] = dp[a] + dp[a - coins[i - 1]];\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[amt];\n}\n
    coin_change_ii.java
    /* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362 II\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint coinChangeIIDPComp(int[] coins, int amt) {\n    int n = coins.length;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    int[] dp = new int[amt + 1];\n    dp[0] = 1;\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        for (int a = 1; a <= amt; a++) {\n            if (coins[i - 1] > a) {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\n                dp[a] = dp[a];\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e4b\u548c\n                dp[a] = dp[a] + dp[a - coins[i - 1]];\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[amt];\n}\n
    coin_change_ii.cs
    /* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362 II\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint CoinChangeIIDPComp(int[] coins, int amt) {\n    int n = coins.Length;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    int[] dp = new int[amt + 1];\n    dp[0] = 1;\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        for (int a = 1; a <= amt; a++) {\n            if (coins[i - 1] > a) {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\n                dp[a] = dp[a];\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e4b\u548c\n                dp[a] = dp[a] + dp[a - coins[i - 1]];\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[amt];\n}\n
    coin_change_ii.go
    /* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362 II\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunc coinChangeIIDPComp(coins []int, amt int) int {\n    n := len(coins)\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    dp := make([]int, amt+1)\n    dp[0] = 1\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for i := 1; i <= n; i++ {\n        // \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\n        for a := 1; a <= amt; a++ {\n            if coins[i-1] > a {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\n                dp[a] = dp[a]\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e4b\u548c\n                dp[a] = dp[a] + dp[a-coins[i-1]]\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[amt]\n}\n
    coin_change_ii.swift
    /* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362 II\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunc coinChangeIIDPComp(coins: [Int], amt: Int) -> Int {\n    let n = coins.count\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    var dp = Array(repeating: 0, count: amt + 1)\n    dp[0] = 1\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for i in stride(from: 1, through: n, by: 1) {\n        for a in stride(from: 1, through: amt, by: 1) {\n            if coins[i - 1] > a {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\n                dp[a] = dp[a]\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e4b\u548c\n                dp[a] = dp[a] + dp[a - coins[i - 1]]\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[amt]\n}\n
    coin_change_ii.js
    /* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362 II\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunction coinChangeIIDPComp(coins, amt) {\n    const n = coins.length;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    const dp = Array.from({ length: amt + 1 }, () => 0);\n    dp[0] = 1;\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for (let i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        for (let a = 1; a <= amt; a++) {\n            if (coins[i - 1] > a) {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\n                dp[a] = dp[a];\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e4b\u548c\n                dp[a] = dp[a] + dp[a - coins[i - 1]];\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[amt];\n}\n
    coin_change_ii.ts
    /* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362 II\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunction coinChangeIIDPComp(coins: Array<number>, amt: number): number {\n    const n = coins.length;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    const dp = Array.from({ length: amt + 1 }, () => 0);\n    dp[0] = 1;\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for (let i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        for (let a = 1; a <= amt; a++) {\n            if (coins[i - 1] > a) {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\n                dp[a] = dp[a];\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e4b\u548c\n                dp[a] = dp[a] + dp[a - coins[i - 1]];\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[amt];\n}\n
    coin_change_ii.dart
    /* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362 II\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint coinChangeIIDPComp(List<int> coins, int amt) {\n  int n = coins.length;\n  // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n  List<int> dp = List.filled(amt + 1, 0);\n  dp[0] = 1;\n  // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n  for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n    for (int a = 1; a <= amt; a++) {\n      if (coins[i - 1] > a) {\n        // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\n        dp[a] = dp[a];\n      } else {\n        // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e4b\u548c\n        dp[a] = dp[a] + dp[a - coins[i - 1]];\n      }\n    }\n  }\n  return dp[amt];\n}\n
    coin_change_ii.rs
    /* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362 II\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfn coin_change_ii_dp_comp(coins: &[i32], amt: usize) -> i32 {\n    let n = coins.len();\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    let mut dp = vec![0; amt + 1];\n    dp[0] = 1;\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for i in 1..=n {\n        for a in 1..=amt {\n            if coins[i - 1] > a as i32 {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\n                dp[a] = dp[a];\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5c0f\u503c\n                dp[a] = dp[a] + dp[a - coins[i - 1] as usize];\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    dp[amt]\n}\n
    coin_change_ii.c
    /* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362 II\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint coinChangeIIDPComp(int coins[], int amt, int coinsSize) {\n    int n = coinsSize;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    int *dp = calloc(amt + 1, sizeof(int));\n    dp[0] = 1;\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        for (int a = 1; a <= amt; a++) {\n            if (coins[i - 1] > a) {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\n                dp[a] = dp[a];\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e4b\u548c\n                dp[a] = dp[a] + dp[a - coins[i - 1]];\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    int res = dp[amt];\n    // \u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\n    free(dp);\n    return res;\n}\n
    coin_change_ii.zig
    // \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362 II\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\nfn coinChangeIIDPComp(comptime coins: []i32, comptime amt: usize) i32 {\n    comptime var n = coins.len;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    var dp = [_]i32{0} ** (amt + 1);\n    dp[0] = 1;\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for (1..n + 1) |i| {\n        for (1..amt + 1) |a| {\n            if (coins[i - 1] > @as(i32, @intCast(a))) {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\n                dp[a] = dp[a];\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5c0f\u503c\n                dp[a] = dp[a] + dp[a - @as(usize, @intCast(coins[i - 1]))];\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[amt];\n}\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_graph/","title":"\u7b2c 9 \u7ae0 \u00a0 \u56fe","text":"

    Abstract

    \u5728\u751f\u547d\u65c5\u9014\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u50cf\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u88ab\u65e0\u6570\u770b\u4e0d\u89c1\u7684\u8fb9\u76f8\u8fde\u3002

    \u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u7684\u76f8\u8bc6\u4e0e\u76f8\u79bb\uff0c\u90fd\u5728\u8fd9\u5f20\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u56fe\u4e2d\u7559\u4e0b\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u5370\u8bb0\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_graph/#_1","title":"\u672c\u7ae0\u5185\u5bb9","text":"
    • 9.1 \u00a0 \u56fe
    • 9.2 \u00a0 \u56fe\u57fa\u7840\u64cd\u4f5c
    • 9.3 \u00a0 \u56fe\u7684\u904d\u5386
    • 9.4 \u00a0 \u5c0f\u7ed3
    "},{"location":"chapter_graph/graph/","title":"9.1 \u00a0 \u56fe","text":"

    \u300c\u56fe graph\u300d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u7531\u300c\u9876\u70b9 vertex\u300d\u548c\u300c\u8fb9 edge\u300d\u7ec4\u6210\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u56fe \\(G\\) \u62bd\u8c61\u5730\u8868\u793a\u4e3a\u4e00\u7ec4\u9876\u70b9 \\(V\\) \u548c\u4e00\u7ec4\u8fb9 \\(E\\) \u7684\u96c6\u5408\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u793a\u4f8b\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u542b 5 \u4e2a\u9876\u70b9\u548c 7 \u6761\u8fb9\u7684\u56fe\u3002

    \\[ \\begin{aligned} V & = \\{ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 \\} \\newline E & = \\{ (1,2), (1,3), (1,5), (2,3), (2,4), (2,5), (4,5) \\} \\newline G & = \\{ V, E \\} \\newline \\end{aligned} \\]

    \u5982\u679c\u5c06\u9876\u70b9\u770b\u4f5c\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5c06\u8fb9\u770b\u4f5c\u8fde\u63a5\u5404\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5f15\u7528\uff08\u6307\u9488\uff09\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u56fe\u770b\u4f5c\u4e00\u79cd\u4ece\u94fe\u8868\u62d3\u5c55\u800c\u6765\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u5982\u56fe 9-1 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u76f8\u8f83\u4e8e\u7ebf\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\uff08\u94fe\u8868\uff09\u548c\u5206\u6cbb\u5173\u7cfb\uff08\u6811\uff09\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u5173\u7cfb\uff08\u56fe\uff09\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u5ea6\u66f4\u9ad8\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u66f4\u4e3a\u590d\u6742\u3002

    \u56fe 9-1 \u00a0 \u94fe\u8868\u3001\u6811\u3001\u56fe\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb

    "},{"location":"chapter_graph/graph/#911","title":"9.1.1 \u00a0 \u56fe\u5e38\u89c1\u7c7b\u578b\u4e0e\u672f\u8bed","text":"

    \u6839\u636e\u8fb9\u662f\u5426\u5177\u6709\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u300c\u65e0\u5411\u56fe undirected graph\u300d\u548c\u300c\u6709\u5411\u56fe directed graph\u300d\uff0c\u5982\u56fe 9-2 \u6240\u793a\u3002

    • \u5728\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fb9\u8868\u793a\u4e24\u9876\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u201c\u53cc\u5411\u201d\u8fde\u63a5\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5fae\u4fe1\u6216 QQ \u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u597d\u53cb\u5173\u7cfb\u201d\u3002
    • \u5728\u6709\u5411\u56fe\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fb9\u5177\u6709\u65b9\u5411\u6027\uff0c\u5373 \\(A \\rightarrow B\\) \u548c \\(A \\leftarrow B\\) \u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u8fb9\u662f\u76f8\u4e92\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5fae\u535a\u6216\u6296\u97f3\u4e0a\u7684\u201c\u5173\u6ce8\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u88ab\u5173\u6ce8\u201d\u5173\u7cfb\u3002

    \u56fe 9-2 \u00a0 \u6709\u5411\u56fe\u4e0e\u65e0\u5411\u56fe

    \u6839\u636e\u6240\u6709\u9876\u70b9\u662f\u5426\u8fde\u901a\uff0c\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u300c\u8fde\u901a\u56fe connected graph\u300d\u548c\u300c\u975e\u8fde\u901a\u56fe disconnected graph\u300d\uff0c\u5982\u56fe 9-3 \u6240\u793a\u3002

    • \u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fde\u901a\u56fe\uff0c\u4ece\u67d0\u4e2a\u9876\u70b9\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5230\u8fbe\u5176\u4f59\u4efb\u610f\u9876\u70b9\u3002
    • \u5bf9\u4e8e\u975e\u8fde\u901a\u56fe\uff0c\u4ece\u67d0\u4e2a\u9876\u70b9\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u9876\u70b9\u65e0\u6cd5\u5230\u8fbe\u3002

    \u56fe 9-3 \u00a0 \u8fde\u901a\u56fe\u4e0e\u975e\u8fde\u901a\u56fe

    \u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u8fb9\u6dfb\u52a0\u201c\u6743\u91cd\u201d\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f97\u5230\u5982\u56fe 9-4 \u6240\u793a\u7684\u300c\u6709\u6743\u56fe weighted graph\u300d\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u300a\u738b\u8005\u8363\u8000\u300b\u7b49\u624b\u6e38\u4e2d\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u6839\u636e\u5171\u540c\u6e38\u620f\u65f6\u95f4\u6765\u8ba1\u7b97\u73a9\u5bb6\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u201c\u4eb2\u5bc6\u5ea6\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u4eb2\u5bc6\u5ea6\u7f51\u7edc\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6709\u6743\u56fe\u6765\u8868\u793a\u3002

    \u56fe 9-4 \u00a0 \u6709\u6743\u56fe\u4e0e\u65e0\u6743\u56fe

    \u56fe\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u5305\u542b\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5e38\u7528\u672f\u8bed\u3002

    • \u300c\u90bb\u63a5 adjacency\u300d\uff1a\u5f53\u4e24\u9876\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u8fb9\u76f8\u8fde\u65f6\uff0c\u79f0\u8fd9\u4e24\u9876\u70b9\u201c\u90bb\u63a5\u201d\u3002\u5728\u56fe 9-4 \u4e2d\uff0c\u9876\u70b9 1 \u7684\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\u4e3a\u9876\u70b9 2\u30013\u30015\u3002
    • \u300c\u8def\u5f84 path\u300d\uff1a\u4ece\u9876\u70b9 A \u5230\u9876\u70b9 B \u7ecf\u8fc7\u7684\u8fb9\u6784\u6210\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u4ece A \u5230 B \u7684\u201c\u8def\u5f84\u201d\u3002\u5728\u56fe 9-4 \u4e2d\uff0c\u8fb9\u5e8f\u5217 1-5-2-4 \u662f\u9876\u70b9 1 \u5230\u9876\u70b9 4 \u7684\u4e00\u6761\u8def\u5f84\u3002
    • \u300c\u5ea6 degree\u300d\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u9876\u70b9\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u8fb9\u6570\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6709\u5411\u56fe\uff0c\u300c\u5165\u5ea6 in-degree\u300d\u8868\u793a\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u6761\u8fb9\u6307\u5411\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\uff0c\u300c\u51fa\u5ea6 out-degree\u300d\u8868\u793a\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u6761\u8fb9\u4ece\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u6307\u51fa\u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_graph/graph/#912","title":"9.1.2 \u00a0 \u56fe\u7684\u8868\u793a","text":"

    \u56fe\u7684\u5e38\u7528\u8868\u793a\u65b9\u5f0f\u5305\u62ec\u201c\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u201d\u548c\u201c\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u201d\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4f7f\u7528\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u8fdb\u884c\u4e3e\u4f8b\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_graph/graph/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635","text":"

    \u8bbe\u56fe\u7684\u9876\u70b9\u6570\u91cf\u4e3a \\(n\\) \uff0c\u300c\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635 adjacency matrix\u300d\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a \\(n \\times n\\) \u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u77e9\u9635\u6765\u8868\u793a\u56fe\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u884c\uff08\u5217\uff09\u4ee3\u8868\u4e00\u4e2a\u9876\u70b9\uff0c\u77e9\u9635\u5143\u7d20\u4ee3\u8868\u8fb9\uff0c\u7528 \\(1\\) \u6216 \\(0\\) \u8868\u793a\u4e24\u4e2a\u9876\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u8fb9\u3002

    \u5982\u56fe 9-5 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u8bbe\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e3a \\(M\\)\u3001\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868\u4e3a \\(V\\) \uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u77e9\u9635\u5143\u7d20 \\(M[i, j] = 1\\) \u8868\u793a\u9876\u70b9 \\(V[i]\\) \u5230\u9876\u70b9 \\(V[j]\\) \u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u8fb9\uff0c\u53cd\u4e4b \\(M[i, j] = 0\\) \u8868\u793a\u4e24\u9876\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u65e0\u8fb9\u3002

    \u56fe 9-5 \u00a0 \u56fe\u7684\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u8868\u793a

    \u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u5177\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7279\u6027\u3002

    • \u9876\u70b9\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e0e\u81ea\u8eab\u76f8\u8fde\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u5143\u7d20\u6ca1\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u3002
    • \u5bf9\u4e8e\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\uff0c\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u8fb9\u7b49\u4ef7\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u5173\u4e8e\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u5bf9\u79f0\u3002
    • \u5c06\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u4ece \\(1\\) \u548c \\(0\\) \u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u6743\u91cd\uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u8868\u793a\u6709\u6743\u56fe\u3002

    \u4f7f\u7528\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u8868\u793a\u56fe\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u8bbf\u95ee\u77e9\u9635\u5143\u7d20\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u8fb9\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u589e\u5220\u67e5\u6539\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6548\u7387\u5f88\u9ad8\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5747\u4e3a \\(O(1)\\) \u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u77e9\u9635\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n^2)\\) \uff0c\u5185\u5b58\u5360\u7528\u8f83\u591a\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_graph/graph/#2","title":"2. \u00a0 \u90bb\u63a5\u8868","text":"

    \u300c\u90bb\u63a5\u8868 adjacency list\u300d\u4f7f\u7528 \\(n\\) \u4e2a\u94fe\u8868\u6765\u8868\u793a\u56fe\uff0c\u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9\u8868\u793a\u9876\u70b9\u3002\u7b2c \\(i\\) \u4e2a\u94fe\u8868\u5bf9\u5e94\u9876\u70b9 \\(i\\) \uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5b58\u50a8\u4e86\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\uff08\u4e0e\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u76f8\u8fde\u7684\u9876\u70b9\uff09\u3002\u56fe 9-6 \u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f7f\u7528\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u56fe\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u3002

    \u56fe 9-6 \u00a0 \u56fe\u7684\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u8868\u793a

    \u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u4ec5\u5b58\u50a8\u5b9e\u9645\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u8fb9\uff0c\u800c\u8fb9\u7684\u603b\u6570\u901a\u5e38\u8fdc\u5c0f\u4e8e \\(n^2\\) \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u66f4\u52a0\u8282\u7701\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u4e2d\u9700\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u904d\u5386\u94fe\u8868\u6765\u67e5\u627e\u8fb9\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5176\u65f6\u95f4\u6548\u7387\u4e0d\u5982\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u3002

    \u89c2\u5bdf\u56fe 9-6 \uff0c\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u94fe\u5f0f\u5730\u5740\u201d\u975e\u5e38\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u91c7\u7528\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u4f18\u5316\u6548\u7387\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u5f53\u94fe\u8868\u8f83\u957f\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u94fe\u8868\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a AVL \u6811\u6216\u7ea2\u9ed1\u6811\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5c06\u65f6\u95f4\u6548\u7387\u4ece \\(O(n)\\) \u4f18\u5316\u81f3 \\(O(\\log n)\\) \uff1b\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u94fe\u8868\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5c06\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u964d\u81f3 \\(O(1)\\) \u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_graph/graph/#913","title":"9.1.3 \u00a0 \u56fe\u7684\u5e38\u89c1\u5e94\u7528","text":"

    \u5982\u8868 9-1 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u73b0\u5b9e\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u56fe\u6765\u5efa\u6a21\uff0c\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ea6\u5316\u4e3a\u56fe\u8ba1\u7b97\u95ee\u9898\u3002

    \u8868 9-1 \u00a0 \u73b0\u5b9e\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u56fe

    \u9876\u70b9 \u8fb9 \u56fe\u8ba1\u7b97\u95ee\u9898 \u793e\u4ea4\u7f51\u7edc \u7528\u6237 \u597d\u53cb\u5173\u7cfb \u6f5c\u5728\u597d\u53cb\u63a8\u8350 \u5730\u94c1\u7ebf\u8def \u7ad9\u70b9 \u7ad9\u70b9\u95f4\u7684\u8fde\u901a\u6027 \u6700\u77ed\u8def\u7ebf\u63a8\u8350 \u592a\u9633\u7cfb \u661f\u4f53 \u661f\u4f53\u95f4\u7684\u4e07\u6709\u5f15\u529b\u4f5c\u7528 \u884c\u661f\u8f68\u9053\u8ba1\u7b97"},{"location":"chapter_graph/graph_operations/","title":"9.2 \u00a0 \u56fe\u57fa\u7840\u64cd\u4f5c","text":"

    \u56fe\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u64cd\u4f5c\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u5bf9\u201c\u8fb9\u201d\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u548c\u5bf9\u201c\u9876\u70b9\u201d\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u5728\u201c\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u201d\u548c\u201c\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u201d\u4e24\u79cd\u8868\u793a\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u5f0f\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_graph/graph_operations/#921","title":"9.2.1 \u00a0 \u57fa\u4e8e\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0","text":"

    \u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u9876\u70b9\u6570\u91cf\u4e3a \\(n\\) \u7684\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\uff0c\u5219\u5404\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u5f0f\u5982\u56fe 9-7 \u6240\u793a\u3002

    • \u6dfb\u52a0\u6216\u5220\u9664\u8fb9\uff1a\u76f4\u63a5\u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u4fee\u6539\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u8fb9\u5373\u53ef\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(1)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u800c\u7531\u4e8e\u662f\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u540c\u65f6\u66f4\u65b0\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u8fb9\u3002
    • \u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9\uff1a\u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u7684\u5c3e\u90e8\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u884c\u4e00\u5217\uff0c\u5e76\u5168\u90e8\u586b \\(0\\) \u5373\u53ef\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(n)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u3002
    • \u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9\uff1a\u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u4e00\u884c\u4e00\u5217\u3002\u5f53\u5220\u9664\u9996\u884c\u9996\u5217\u65f6\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u5dee\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5c06 \\((n-1)^2\\) \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u201c\u5411\u5de6\u4e0a\u79fb\u52a8\u201d\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(n^2)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u3002
    • \u521d\u59cb\u5316\uff1a\u4f20\u5165 \\(n\\) \u4e2a\u9876\u70b9\uff0c\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(n\\) \u7684\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868 vertices \uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(n)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\uff1b\u521d\u59cb\u5316 \\(n \\times n\\) \u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635 adjMat \uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(n^2)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u3002
    \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9\u5220\u9664\u8fb9\u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9\u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9

    \u56fe 9-7 \u00a0 \u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u3001\u589e\u5220\u8fb9\u3001\u589e\u5220\u9876\u70b9

    \u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u8868\u793a\u56fe\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig graph_adjacency_matrix.py
    class GraphAdjMat:\n    \"\"\"\u57fa\u4e8e\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u7c7b\"\"\"\n\n    def __init__(self, vertices: list[int], edges: list[list[int]]):\n        \"\"\"\u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5\"\"\"\n        # \u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u4ee3\u8868\u201c\u9876\u70b9\u503c\u201d\uff0c\u7d22\u5f15\u4ee3\u8868\u201c\u9876\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\n        self.vertices: list[int] = []\n        # \u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\uff0c\u884c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u5bf9\u5e94\u201c\u9876\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\n        self.adj_mat: list[list[int]] = []\n        # \u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9\n        for val in vertices:\n            self.add_vertex(val)\n        # \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9\n        # \u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0cedges \u5143\u7d20\u4ee3\u8868\u9876\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u5373\u5bf9\u5e94 vertices \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\n        for e in edges:\n            self.add_edge(e[0], e[1])\n\n    def size(self) -> int:\n        \"\"\"\u83b7\u53d6\u9876\u70b9\u6570\u91cf\"\"\"\n        return len(self.vertices)\n\n    def add_vertex(self, val: int):\n        \"\"\"\u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9\"\"\"\n        n = self.size()\n        # \u5411\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u65b0\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u503c\n        self.vertices.append(val)\n        # \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u884c\n        new_row = [0] * n\n        self.adj_mat.append(new_row)\n        # \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u5217\n        for row in self.adj_mat:\n            row.append(0)\n\n    def remove_vertex(self, index: int):\n        \"\"\"\u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9\"\"\"\n        if index >= self.size():\n            raise IndexError()\n        # \u5728\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u79fb\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u7684\u9876\u70b9\n        self.vertices.pop(index)\n        # \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u7684\u884c\n        self.adj_mat.pop(index)\n        # \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u7684\u5217\n        for row in self.adj_mat:\n            row.pop(index)\n\n    def add_edge(self, i: int, j: int):\n        \"\"\"\u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9\"\"\"\n        # \u53c2\u6570 i, j \u5bf9\u5e94 vertices \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\n        # \u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\u4e0e\u76f8\u7b49\u5904\u7406\n        if i < 0 or j < 0 or i >= self.size() or j >= self.size() or i == j:\n            raise IndexError()\n        # \u5728\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u4e2d\uff0c\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u5173\u4e8e\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u5bf9\u79f0\uff0c\u5373\u6ee1\u8db3 (i, j) == (j, i)\n        self.adj_mat[i][j] = 1\n        self.adj_mat[j][i] = 1\n\n    def remove_edge(self, i: int, j: int):\n        \"\"\"\u5220\u9664\u8fb9\"\"\"\n        # \u53c2\u6570 i, j \u5bf9\u5e94 vertices \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\n        # \u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\u4e0e\u76f8\u7b49\u5904\u7406\n        if i < 0 or j < 0 or i >= self.size() or j >= self.size() or i == j:\n            raise IndexError()\n        self.adj_mat[i][j] = 0\n        self.adj_mat[j][i] = 0\n\n    def print(self):\n        \"\"\"\u6253\u5370\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\"\"\"\n        print(\"\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868 =\", self.vertices)\n        print(\"\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635 =\")\n        print_matrix(self.adj_mat)\n
    graph_adjacency_matrix.cpp
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u7c7b */\nclass GraphAdjMat {\n    vector<int> vertices;       // \u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u4ee3\u8868\u201c\u9876\u70b9\u503c\u201d\uff0c\u7d22\u5f15\u4ee3\u8868\u201c\u9876\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\n    vector<vector<int>> adjMat; // \u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\uff0c\u884c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u5bf9\u5e94\u201c\u9876\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\n\n  public:\n    /* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\n    GraphAdjMat(const vector<int> &vertices, const vector<vector<int>> &edges) {\n        // \u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9\n        for (int val : vertices) {\n            addVertex(val);\n        }\n        // \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9\n        // \u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0cedges \u5143\u7d20\u4ee3\u8868\u9876\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u5373\u5bf9\u5e94 vertices \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\n        for (const vector<int> &edge : edges) {\n            addEdge(edge[0], edge[1]);\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u9876\u70b9\u6570\u91cf */\n    int size() const {\n        return vertices.size();\n    }\n\n    /* \u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9 */\n    void addVertex(int val) {\n        int n = size();\n        // \u5411\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u65b0\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u503c\n        vertices.push_back(val);\n        // \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u884c\n        adjMat.emplace_back(vector<int>(n, 0));\n        // \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u5217\n        for (vector<int> &row : adjMat) {\n            row.push_back(0);\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9 */\n    void removeVertex(int index) {\n        if (index >= size()) {\n            throw out_of_range(\"\u9876\u70b9\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\");\n        }\n        // \u5728\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u79fb\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u7684\u9876\u70b9\n        vertices.erase(vertices.begin() + index);\n        // \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u7684\u884c\n        adjMat.erase(adjMat.begin() + index);\n        // \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u7684\u5217\n        for (vector<int> &row : adjMat) {\n            row.erase(row.begin() + index);\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9 */\n    // \u53c2\u6570 i, j \u5bf9\u5e94 vertices \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\n    void addEdge(int i, int j) {\n        // \u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\u4e0e\u76f8\u7b49\u5904\u7406\n        if (i < 0 || j < 0 || i >= size() || j >= size() || i == j) {\n            throw out_of_range(\"\u9876\u70b9\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\");\n        }\n        // \u5728\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u4e2d\uff0c\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u5173\u4e8e\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u5bf9\u79f0\uff0c\u5373\u6ee1\u8db3 (i, j) == (j, i)\n        adjMat[i][j] = 1;\n        adjMat[j][i] = 1;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5220\u9664\u8fb9 */\n    // \u53c2\u6570 i, j \u5bf9\u5e94 vertices \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\n    void removeEdge(int i, int j) {\n        // \u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\u4e0e\u76f8\u7b49\u5904\u7406\n        if (i < 0 || j < 0 || i >= size() || j >= size() || i == j) {\n            throw out_of_range(\"\u9876\u70b9\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\");\n        }\n        adjMat[i][j] = 0;\n        adjMat[j][i] = 0;\n    }\n\n    /* \u6253\u5370\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635 */\n    void print() {\n        cout << \"\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868 = \";\n        printVector(vertices);\n        cout << \"\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635 =\" << endl;\n        printVectorMatrix(adjMat);\n    }\n};\n
    graph_adjacency_matrix.java
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u7c7b */\nclass GraphAdjMat {\n    List<Integer> vertices; // \u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u4ee3\u8868\u201c\u9876\u70b9\u503c\u201d\uff0c\u7d22\u5f15\u4ee3\u8868\u201c\u9876\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\n    List<List<Integer>> adjMat; // \u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\uff0c\u884c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u5bf9\u5e94\u201c\u9876\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\n\n    /* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\n    public GraphAdjMat(int[] vertices, int[][] edges) {\n        this.vertices = new ArrayList<>();\n        this.adjMat = new ArrayList<>();\n        // \u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9\n        for (int val : vertices) {\n            addVertex(val);\n        }\n        // \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9\n        // \u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0cedges \u5143\u7d20\u4ee3\u8868\u9876\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u5373\u5bf9\u5e94 vertices \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\n        for (int[] e : edges) {\n            addEdge(e[0], e[1]);\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u9876\u70b9\u6570\u91cf */\n    public int size() {\n        return vertices.size();\n    }\n\n    /* \u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9 */\n    public void addVertex(int val) {\n        int n = size();\n        // \u5411\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u65b0\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u503c\n        vertices.add(val);\n        // \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u884c\n        List<Integer> newRow = new ArrayList<>(n);\n        for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {\n            newRow.add(0);\n        }\n        adjMat.add(newRow);\n        // \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u5217\n        for (List<Integer> row : adjMat) {\n            row.add(0);\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9 */\n    public void removeVertex(int index) {\n        if (index >= size())\n            throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();\n        // \u5728\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u79fb\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u7684\u9876\u70b9\n        vertices.remove(index);\n        // \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u7684\u884c\n        adjMat.remove(index);\n        // \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u7684\u5217\n        for (List<Integer> row : adjMat) {\n            row.remove(index);\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9 */\n    // \u53c2\u6570 i, j \u5bf9\u5e94 vertices \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\n    public void addEdge(int i, int j) {\n        // \u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\u4e0e\u76f8\u7b49\u5904\u7406\n        if (i < 0 || j < 0 || i >= size() || j >= size() || i == j)\n            throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();\n        // \u5728\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u4e2d\uff0c\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u5173\u4e8e\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u5bf9\u79f0\uff0c\u5373\u6ee1\u8db3 (i, j) == (j, i)\n        adjMat.get(i).set(j, 1);\n        adjMat.get(j).set(i, 1);\n    }\n\n    /* \u5220\u9664\u8fb9 */\n    // \u53c2\u6570 i, j \u5bf9\u5e94 vertices \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\n    public void removeEdge(int i, int j) {\n        // \u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\u4e0e\u76f8\u7b49\u5904\u7406\n        if (i < 0 || j < 0 || i >= size() || j >= size() || i == j)\n            throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();\n        adjMat.get(i).set(j, 0);\n        adjMat.get(j).set(i, 0);\n    }\n\n    /* \u6253\u5370\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635 */\n    public void print() {\n        System.out.print(\"\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868 = \");\n        System.out.println(vertices);\n        System.out.println(\"\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635 =\");\n        PrintUtil.printMatrix(adjMat);\n    }\n}\n
    graph_adjacency_matrix.cs
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u7c7b */\nclass GraphAdjMat {\n    List<int> vertices;     // \u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u4ee3\u8868\u201c\u9876\u70b9\u503c\u201d\uff0c\u7d22\u5f15\u4ee3\u8868\u201c\u9876\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\n    List<List<int>> adjMat; // \u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\uff0c\u884c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u5bf9\u5e94\u201c\u9876\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\n\n    /* \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570 */\n    public GraphAdjMat(int[] vertices, int[][] edges) {\n        this.vertices = [];\n        this.adjMat = [];\n        // \u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9\n        foreach (int val in vertices) {\n            AddVertex(val);\n        }\n        // \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9\n        // \u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0cedges \u5143\u7d20\u4ee3\u8868\u9876\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u5373\u5bf9\u5e94 vertices \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\n        foreach (int[] e in edges) {\n            AddEdge(e[0], e[1]);\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u9876\u70b9\u6570\u91cf */\n    int Size() {\n        return vertices.Count;\n    }\n\n    /* \u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9 */\n    public void AddVertex(int val) {\n        int n = Size();\n        // \u5411\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u65b0\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u503c\n        vertices.Add(val);\n        // \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u884c\n        List<int> newRow = new(n);\n        for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {\n            newRow.Add(0);\n        }\n        adjMat.Add(newRow);\n        // \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u5217\n        foreach (List<int> row in adjMat) {\n            row.Add(0);\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9 */\n    public void RemoveVertex(int index) {\n        if (index >= Size())\n            throw new IndexOutOfRangeException();\n        // \u5728\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u79fb\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u7684\u9876\u70b9\n        vertices.RemoveAt(index);\n        // \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u7684\u884c\n        adjMat.RemoveAt(index);\n        // \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u7684\u5217\n        foreach (List<int> row in adjMat) {\n            row.RemoveAt(index);\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9 */\n    // \u53c2\u6570 i, j \u5bf9\u5e94 vertices \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\n    public void AddEdge(int i, int j) {\n        // \u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\u4e0e\u76f8\u7b49\u5904\u7406\n        if (i < 0 || j < 0 || i >= Size() || j >= Size() || i == j)\n            throw new IndexOutOfRangeException();\n        // \u5728\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u4e2d\uff0c\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u5173\u4e8e\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u5bf9\u79f0\uff0c\u5373\u6ee1\u8db3 (i, j) == (j, i)\n        adjMat[i][j] = 1;\n        adjMat[j][i] = 1;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5220\u9664\u8fb9 */\n    // \u53c2\u6570 i, j \u5bf9\u5e94 vertices \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\n    public void RemoveEdge(int i, int j) {\n        // \u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\u4e0e\u76f8\u7b49\u5904\u7406\n        if (i < 0 || j < 0 || i >= Size() || j >= Size() || i == j)\n            throw new IndexOutOfRangeException();\n        adjMat[i][j] = 0;\n        adjMat[j][i] = 0;\n    }\n\n    /* \u6253\u5370\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635 */\n    public void Print() {\n        Console.Write(\"\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868 = \");\n        PrintUtil.PrintList(vertices);\n        Console.WriteLine(\"\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635 =\");\n        PrintUtil.PrintMatrix(adjMat);\n    }\n}\n
    graph_adjacency_matrix.go
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u7c7b */\ntype graphAdjMat struct {\n    // \u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u4ee3\u8868\u201c\u9876\u70b9\u503c\u201d\uff0c\u7d22\u5f15\u4ee3\u8868\u201c\u9876\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\n    vertices []int\n    // \u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\uff0c\u884c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u5bf9\u5e94\u201c\u9876\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\n    adjMat [][]int\n}\n\n/* \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570 */\nfunc newGraphAdjMat(vertices []int, edges [][]int) *graphAdjMat {\n    // \u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9\n    n := len(vertices)\n    adjMat := make([][]int, n)\n    for i := range adjMat {\n        adjMat[i] = make([]int, n)\n    }\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u56fe\n    g := &graphAdjMat{\n        vertices: vertices,\n        adjMat:   adjMat,\n    }\n    // \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9\n    // \u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0cedges \u5143\u7d20\u4ee3\u8868\u9876\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u5373\u5bf9\u5e94 vertices \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\n    for i := range edges {\n        g.addEdge(edges[i][0], edges[i][1])\n    }\n    return g\n}\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u9876\u70b9\u6570\u91cf */\nfunc (g *graphAdjMat) size() int {\n    return len(g.vertices)\n}\n\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9 */\nfunc (g *graphAdjMat) addVertex(val int) {\n    n := g.size()\n    // \u5411\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u65b0\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u503c\n    g.vertices = append(g.vertices, val)\n    // \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u884c\n    newRow := make([]int, n)\n    g.adjMat = append(g.adjMat, newRow)\n    // \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u5217\n    for i := range g.adjMat {\n        g.adjMat[i] = append(g.adjMat[i], 0)\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9 */\nfunc (g *graphAdjMat) removeVertex(index int) {\n    if index >= g.size() {\n        return\n    }\n    // \u5728\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u79fb\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u7684\u9876\u70b9\n    g.vertices = append(g.vertices[:index], g.vertices[index+1:]...)\n    // \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u7684\u884c\n    g.adjMat = append(g.adjMat[:index], g.adjMat[index+1:]...)\n    // \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u7684\u5217\n    for i := range g.adjMat {\n        g.adjMat[i] = append(g.adjMat[i][:index], g.adjMat[i][index+1:]...)\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9 */\n// \u53c2\u6570 i, j \u5bf9\u5e94 vertices \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\nfunc (g *graphAdjMat) addEdge(i, j int) {\n    // \u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\u4e0e\u76f8\u7b49\u5904\u7406\n    if i < 0 || j < 0 || i >= g.size() || j >= g.size() || i == j {\n        fmt.Errorf(\"%s\", \"Index Out Of Bounds Exception\")\n    }\n    // \u5728\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u4e2d\uff0c\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u5173\u4e8e\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u5bf9\u79f0\uff0c\u5373\u6ee1\u8db3 (i, j) == (j, i)\n    g.adjMat[i][j] = 1\n    g.adjMat[j][i] = 1\n}\n\n/* \u5220\u9664\u8fb9 */\n// \u53c2\u6570 i, j \u5bf9\u5e94 vertices \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\nfunc (g *graphAdjMat) removeEdge(i, j int) {\n    // \u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\u4e0e\u76f8\u7b49\u5904\u7406\n    if i < 0 || j < 0 || i >= g.size() || j >= g.size() || i == j {\n        fmt.Errorf(\"%s\", \"Index Out Of Bounds Exception\")\n    }\n    g.adjMat[i][j] = 0\n    g.adjMat[j][i] = 0\n}\n\n/* \u6253\u5370\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635 */\nfunc (g *graphAdjMat) print() {\n    fmt.Printf(\"\\t\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868 = %v\\n\", g.vertices)\n    fmt.Printf(\"\\t\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635 = \\n\")\n    for i := range g.adjMat {\n        fmt.Printf(\"\\t\\t\\t%v\\n\", g.adjMat[i])\n    }\n}\n
    graph_adjacency_matrix.swift
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u7c7b */\nclass GraphAdjMat {\n    private var vertices: [Int] // \u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u4ee3\u8868\u201c\u9876\u70b9\u503c\u201d\uff0c\u7d22\u5f15\u4ee3\u8868\u201c\u9876\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\n    private var adjMat: [[Int]] // \u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\uff0c\u884c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u5bf9\u5e94\u201c\u9876\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\n\n    /* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\n    init(vertices: [Int], edges: [[Int]]) {\n        self.vertices = []\n        adjMat = []\n        // \u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9\n        for val in vertices {\n            addVertex(val: val)\n        }\n        // \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9\n        // \u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0cedges \u5143\u7d20\u4ee3\u8868\u9876\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u5373\u5bf9\u5e94 vertices \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\n        for e in edges {\n            addEdge(i: e[0], j: e[1])\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u9876\u70b9\u6570\u91cf */\n    func size() -> Int {\n        vertices.count\n    }\n\n    /* \u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9 */\n    func addVertex(val: Int) {\n        let n = size()\n        // \u5411\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u65b0\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u503c\n        vertices.append(val)\n        // \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u884c\n        let newRow = Array(repeating: 0, count: n)\n        adjMat.append(newRow)\n        // \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u5217\n        for i in adjMat.indices {\n            adjMat[i].append(0)\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9 */\n    func removeVertex(index: Int) {\n        if index >= size() {\n            fatalError(\"\u8d8a\u754c\")\n        }\n        // \u5728\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u79fb\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u7684\u9876\u70b9\n        vertices.remove(at: index)\n        // \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u7684\u884c\n        adjMat.remove(at: index)\n        // \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u7684\u5217\n        for i in adjMat.indices {\n            adjMat[i].remove(at: index)\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9 */\n    // \u53c2\u6570 i, j \u5bf9\u5e94 vertices \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\n    func addEdge(i: Int, j: Int) {\n        // \u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\u4e0e\u76f8\u7b49\u5904\u7406\n        if i < 0 || j < 0 || i >= size() || j >= size() || i == j {\n            fatalError(\"\u8d8a\u754c\")\n        }\n        // \u5728\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u4e2d\uff0c\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u5173\u4e8e\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u5bf9\u79f0\uff0c\u5373\u6ee1\u8db3 (i, j) == (j, i)\n        adjMat[i][j] = 1\n        adjMat[j][i] = 1\n    }\n\n    /* \u5220\u9664\u8fb9 */\n    // \u53c2\u6570 i, j \u5bf9\u5e94 vertices \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\n    func removeEdge(i: Int, j: Int) {\n        // \u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\u4e0e\u76f8\u7b49\u5904\u7406\n        if i < 0 || j < 0 || i >= size() || j >= size() || i == j {\n            fatalError(\"\u8d8a\u754c\")\n        }\n        adjMat[i][j] = 0\n        adjMat[j][i] = 0\n    }\n\n    /* \u6253\u5370\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635 */\n    func print() {\n        Swift.print(\"\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868 = \", terminator: \"\")\n        Swift.print(vertices)\n        Swift.print(\"\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635 =\")\n        PrintUtil.printMatrix(matrix: adjMat)\n    }\n}\n
    graph_adjacency_matrix.js
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u7c7b */\nclass GraphAdjMat {\n    vertices; // \u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u4ee3\u8868\u201c\u9876\u70b9\u503c\u201d\uff0c\u7d22\u5f15\u4ee3\u8868\u201c\u9876\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\n    adjMat; // \u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\uff0c\u884c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u5bf9\u5e94\u201c\u9876\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\n\n    /* \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570 */\n    constructor(vertices, edges) {\n        this.vertices = [];\n        this.adjMat = [];\n        // \u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9\n        for (const val of vertices) {\n            this.addVertex(val);\n        }\n        // \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9\n        // \u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0cedges \u5143\u7d20\u4ee3\u8868\u9876\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u5373\u5bf9\u5e94 vertices \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\n        for (const e of edges) {\n            this.addEdge(e[0], e[1]);\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u9876\u70b9\u6570\u91cf */\n    size() {\n        return this.vertices.length;\n    }\n\n    /* \u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9 */\n    addVertex(val) {\n        const n = this.size();\n        // \u5411\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u65b0\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u503c\n        this.vertices.push(val);\n        // \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u884c\n        const newRow = [];\n        for (let j = 0; j < n; j++) {\n            newRow.push(0);\n        }\n        this.adjMat.push(newRow);\n        // \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u5217\n        for (const row of this.adjMat) {\n            row.push(0);\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9 */\n    removeVertex(index) {\n        if (index >= this.size()) {\n            throw new RangeError('Index Out Of Bounds Exception');\n        }\n        // \u5728\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u79fb\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u7684\u9876\u70b9\n        this.vertices.splice(index, 1);\n\n        // \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u7684\u884c\n        this.adjMat.splice(index, 1);\n        // \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u7684\u5217\n        for (const row of this.adjMat) {\n            row.splice(index, 1);\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9 */\n    // \u53c2\u6570 i, j \u5bf9\u5e94 vertices \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\n    addEdge(i, j) {\n        // \u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\u4e0e\u76f8\u7b49\u5904\u7406\n        if (i < 0 || j < 0 || i >= this.size() || j >= this.size() || i === j) {\n            throw new RangeError('Index Out Of Bounds Exception');\n        }\n        // \u5728\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u4e2d\uff0c\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u5173\u4e8e\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u5bf9\u79f0\uff0c\u5373\u6ee1\u8db3 (i, j) === (j, i)\n        this.adjMat[i][j] = 1;\n        this.adjMat[j][i] = 1;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5220\u9664\u8fb9 */\n    // \u53c2\u6570 i, j \u5bf9\u5e94 vertices \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\n    removeEdge(i, j) {\n        // \u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\u4e0e\u76f8\u7b49\u5904\u7406\n        if (i < 0 || j < 0 || i >= this.size() || j >= this.size() || i === j) {\n            throw new RangeError('Index Out Of Bounds Exception');\n        }\n        this.adjMat[i][j] = 0;\n        this.adjMat[j][i] = 0;\n    }\n\n    /* \u6253\u5370\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635 */\n    print() {\n        console.log('\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868 = ', this.vertices);\n        console.log('\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635 =', this.adjMat);\n    }\n}\n
    graph_adjacency_matrix.ts
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u7c7b */\nclass GraphAdjMat {\n    vertices: number[]; // \u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u4ee3\u8868\u201c\u9876\u70b9\u503c\u201d\uff0c\u7d22\u5f15\u4ee3\u8868\u201c\u9876\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\n    adjMat: number[][]; // \u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\uff0c\u884c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u5bf9\u5e94\u201c\u9876\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\n\n    /* \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570 */\n    constructor(vertices: number[], edges: number[][]) {\n        this.vertices = [];\n        this.adjMat = [];\n        // \u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9\n        for (const val of vertices) {\n            this.addVertex(val);\n        }\n        // \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9\n        // \u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0cedges \u5143\u7d20\u4ee3\u8868\u9876\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u5373\u5bf9\u5e94 vertices \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\n        for (const e of edges) {\n            this.addEdge(e[0], e[1]);\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u9876\u70b9\u6570\u91cf */\n    size(): number {\n        return this.vertices.length;\n    }\n\n    /* \u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9 */\n    addVertex(val: number): void {\n        const n: number = this.size();\n        // \u5411\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u65b0\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u503c\n        this.vertices.push(val);\n        // \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u884c\n        const newRow: number[] = [];\n        for (let j: number = 0; j < n; j++) {\n            newRow.push(0);\n        }\n        this.adjMat.push(newRow);\n        // \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u5217\n        for (const row of this.adjMat) {\n            row.push(0);\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9 */\n    removeVertex(index: number): void {\n        if (index >= this.size()) {\n            throw new RangeError('Index Out Of Bounds Exception');\n        }\n        // \u5728\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u79fb\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u7684\u9876\u70b9\n        this.vertices.splice(index, 1);\n\n        // \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u7684\u884c\n        this.adjMat.splice(index, 1);\n        // \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u7684\u5217\n        for (const row of this.adjMat) {\n            row.splice(index, 1);\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9 */\n    // \u53c2\u6570 i, j \u5bf9\u5e94 vertices \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\n    addEdge(i: number, j: number): void {\n        // \u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\u4e0e\u76f8\u7b49\u5904\u7406\n        if (i < 0 || j < 0 || i >= this.size() || j >= this.size() || i === j) {\n            throw new RangeError('Index Out Of Bounds Exception');\n        }\n        // \u5728\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u4e2d\uff0c\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u5173\u4e8e\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u5bf9\u79f0\uff0c\u5373\u6ee1\u8db3 (i, j) === (j, i)\n        this.adjMat[i][j] = 1;\n        this.adjMat[j][i] = 1;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5220\u9664\u8fb9 */\n    // \u53c2\u6570 i, j \u5bf9\u5e94 vertices \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\n    removeEdge(i: number, j: number): void {\n        // \u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\u4e0e\u76f8\u7b49\u5904\u7406\n        if (i < 0 || j < 0 || i >= this.size() || j >= this.size() || i === j) {\n            throw new RangeError('Index Out Of Bounds Exception');\n        }\n        this.adjMat[i][j] = 0;\n        this.adjMat[j][i] = 0;\n    }\n\n    /* \u6253\u5370\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635 */\n    print(): void {\n        console.log('\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868 = ', this.vertices);\n        console.log('\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635 =', this.adjMat);\n    }\n}\n
    graph_adjacency_matrix.dart
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u7c7b */\nclass GraphAdjMat {\n  List<int> vertices = []; // \u9876\u70b9\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u4ee3\u8868\u201c\u9876\u70b9\u503c\u201d\uff0c\u7d22\u5f15\u4ee3\u8868\u201c\u9876\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\n  List<List<int>> adjMat = []; //\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\uff0c\u884c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u5bf9\u5e94\u201c\u9876\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\n\n  /* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\n  GraphAdjMat(List<int> vertices, List<List<int>> edges) {\n    this.vertices = [];\n    this.adjMat = [];\n    // \u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9\n    for (int val in vertices) {\n      addVertex(val);\n    }\n    // \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9\n    // \u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0cedges \u5143\u7d20\u4ee3\u8868\u9876\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u5373\u5bf9\u5e94 vertices \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\n    for (List<int> e in edges) {\n      addEdge(e[0], e[1]);\n    }\n  }\n\n  /* \u83b7\u53d6\u9876\u70b9\u6570\u91cf */\n  int size() {\n    return vertices.length;\n  }\n\n  /* \u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9 */\n  void addVertex(int val) {\n    int n = size();\n    // \u5411\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u65b0\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u503c\n    vertices.add(val);\n    // \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u884c\n    List<int> newRow = List.filled(n, 0, growable: true);\n    adjMat.add(newRow);\n    // \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u5217\n    for (List<int> row in adjMat) {\n      row.add(0);\n    }\n  }\n\n  /* \u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9 */\n  void removeVertex(int index) {\n    if (index >= size()) {\n      throw IndexError;\n    }\n    // \u5728\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u79fb\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u7684\u9876\u70b9\n    vertices.removeAt(index);\n    // \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u7684\u884c\n    adjMat.removeAt(index);\n    // \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u7684\u5217\n    for (List<int> row in adjMat) {\n      row.removeAt(index);\n    }\n  }\n\n  /* \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9 */\n  // \u53c2\u6570 i, j \u5bf9\u5e94 vertices \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\n  void addEdge(int i, int j) {\n    // \u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\u4e0e\u76f8\u7b49\u5904\u7406\n    if (i < 0 || j < 0 || i >= size() || j >= size() || i == j) {\n      throw IndexError;\n    }\n    // \u5728\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u4e2d\uff0c\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u5173\u4e8e\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u5bf9\u79f0\uff0c\u5373\u6ee1\u8db3 (i, j) == (j, i)\n    adjMat[i][j] = 1;\n    adjMat[j][i] = 1;\n  }\n\n  /* \u5220\u9664\u8fb9 */\n  // \u53c2\u6570 i, j \u5bf9\u5e94 vertices \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\n  void removeEdge(int i, int j) {\n    // \u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\u4e0e\u76f8\u7b49\u5904\u7406\n    if (i < 0 || j < 0 || i >= size() || j >= size() || i == j) {\n      throw IndexError;\n    }\n    adjMat[i][j] = 0;\n    adjMat[j][i] = 0;\n  }\n\n  /* \u6253\u5370\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635 */\n  void printAdjMat() {\n    print(\"\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868 = $vertices\");\n    print(\"\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635 = \");\n    printMatrix(adjMat);\n  }\n}\n
    graph_adjacency_matrix.rs
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u7c7b\u578b */\npub struct GraphAdjMat {\n    // \u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u4ee3\u8868\u201c\u9876\u70b9\u503c\u201d\uff0c\u7d22\u5f15\u4ee3\u8868\u201c\u9876\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\n    pub vertices: Vec<i32>,\n    // \u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\uff0c\u884c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u5bf9\u5e94\u201c\u9876\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\n    pub adj_mat: Vec<Vec<i32>>,\n}\n\nimpl GraphAdjMat {\n    /* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\n    pub fn new(vertices: Vec<i32>, edges: Vec<[usize; 2]>) -> Self {\n        let mut graph = GraphAdjMat {\n            vertices: vec![],\n            adj_mat: vec![],\n        };\n        // \u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9\n        for val in vertices {\n            graph.add_vertex(val);\n        }\n        // \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9\n        // \u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0cedges \u5143\u7d20\u4ee3\u8868\u9876\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u5373\u5bf9\u5e94 vertices \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\n        for edge in edges {\n            graph.add_edge(edge[0], edge[1])\n        }\n\n        graph\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u9876\u70b9\u6570\u91cf */\n    pub fn size(&self) -> usize {\n        self.vertices.len()\n    }\n\n    /* \u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9 */\n    pub fn add_vertex(&mut self, val: i32) {\n        let n = self.size();\n        // \u5411\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u65b0\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u503c\n        self.vertices.push(val);\n        // \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u884c\n        self.adj_mat.push(vec![0; n]);\n        // \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u5217\n        for row in &mut self.adj_mat {\n            row.push(0);\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9 */\n    pub fn remove_vertex(&mut self, index: usize) {\n        if index >= self.size() {\n            panic!(\"index error\")\n        }\n        // \u5728\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u79fb\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u7684\u9876\u70b9\n        self.vertices.remove(index);\n        // \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u7684\u884c\n        self.adj_mat.remove(index);\n        // \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u7684\u5217\n        for row in &mut self.adj_mat {\n            row.remove(index);\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9 */\n    pub fn add_edge(&mut self, i: usize, j: usize) {\n        // \u53c2\u6570 i, j \u5bf9\u5e94 vertices \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\n        // \u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\u4e0e\u76f8\u7b49\u5904\u7406\n        if i >= self.size() || j >= self.size() || i == j {\n            panic!(\"index error\")\n        }\n        // \u5728\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u4e2d\uff0c\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u5173\u4e8e\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u5bf9\u79f0\uff0c\u5373\u6ee1\u8db3 (i, j) == (j, i)\n        self.adj_mat[i][j] = 1;\n        self.adj_mat[j][i] = 1;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5220\u9664\u8fb9 */\n    // \u53c2\u6570 i, j \u5bf9\u5e94 vertices \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\n    pub fn remove_edge(&mut self, i: usize, j: usize) {\n        // \u53c2\u6570 i, j \u5bf9\u5e94 vertices \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\n        // \u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\u4e0e\u76f8\u7b49\u5904\u7406\n        if i >= self.size() || j >= self.size() || i == j {\n            panic!(\"index error\")\n        }\n        self.adj_mat[i][j] = 0;\n        self.adj_mat[j][i] = 0;\n    }\n\n    /* \u6253\u5370\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635 */\n    pub fn print(&self) {\n        println!(\"\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868 = {:?}\", self.vertices);\n        println!(\"\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635 =\");\n        println!(\"[\");\n        for row in &self.adj_mat {\n            println!(\"  {:?},\", row);\n        }\n        println!(\"]\")\n    }\n}\n
    graph_adjacency_matrix.c
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53 */\ntypedef struct {\n    int vertices[MAX_SIZE];\n    int adjMat[MAX_SIZE][MAX_SIZE];\n    int size;\n} GraphAdjMat;\n\n/* \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570 */\nGraphAdjMat *newGraphAdjMat() {\n    GraphAdjMat *graph = (GraphAdjMat *)malloc(sizeof(GraphAdjMat));\n    graph->size = 0;\n    for (int i = 0; i < MAX_SIZE; i++) {\n        for (int j = 0; j < MAX_SIZE; j++) {\n            graph->adjMat[i][j] = 0;\n        }\n    }\n    return graph;\n}\n\n/* \u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570 */\nvoid delGraphAdjMat(GraphAdjMat *graph) {\n    free(graph);\n}\n\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9 */\nvoid addVertex(GraphAdjMat *graph, int val) {\n    if (graph->size == MAX_SIZE) {\n        fprintf(stderr, \"\u56fe\u7684\u9876\u70b9\u6570\u91cf\u5df2\u8fbe\u6700\u5927\u503c\\n\");\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u6dfb\u52a0\u7b2c n \u4e2a\u9876\u70b9\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u7b2c n \u884c\u548c\u5217\u7f6e\u96f6\n    int n = graph->size;\n    graph->vertices[n] = val;\n    for (int i = 0; i <= n; i++) {\n        graph->adjMat[n][i] = graph->adjMat[i][n] = 0;\n    }\n    graph->size++;\n}\n\n/* \u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9 */\nvoid removeVertex(GraphAdjMat *graph, int index) {\n    if (index < 0 || index >= graph->size) {\n        fprintf(stderr, \"\u9876\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\\n\");\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u5728\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u79fb\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u7684\u9876\u70b9\n    for (int i = index; i < graph->size - 1; i++) {\n        graph->vertices[i] = graph->vertices[i + 1];\n    }\n    // \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u7684\u884c\n    for (int i = index; i < graph->size - 1; i++) {\n        for (int j = 0; j < graph->size; j++) {\n            graph->adjMat[i][j] = graph->adjMat[i + 1][j];\n        }\n    }\n    // \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u7684\u5217\n    for (int i = 0; i < graph->size; i++) {\n        for (int j = index; j < graph->size - 1; j++) {\n            graph->adjMat[i][j] = graph->adjMat[i][j + 1];\n        }\n    }\n    graph->size--;\n}\n\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9 */\n// \u53c2\u6570 i, j \u5bf9\u5e94 vertices \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\nvoid addEdge(GraphAdjMat *graph, int i, int j) {\n    if (i < 0 || j < 0 || i >= graph->size || j >= graph->size || i == j) {\n        fprintf(stderr, \"\u8fb9\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\u6216\u76f8\u7b49\\n\");\n        return;\n    }\n    graph->adjMat[i][j] = 1;\n    graph->adjMat[j][i] = 1;\n}\n\n/* \u5220\u9664\u8fb9 */\n// \u53c2\u6570 i, j \u5bf9\u5e94 vertices \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\nvoid removeEdge(GraphAdjMat *graph, int i, int j) {\n    if (i < 0 || j < 0 || i >= graph->size || j >= graph->size || i == j) {\n        fprintf(stderr, \"\u8fb9\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\u6216\u76f8\u7b49\\n\");\n        return;\n    }\n    graph->adjMat[i][j] = 0;\n    graph->adjMat[j][i] = 0;\n}\n\n/* \u6253\u5370\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635 */\nvoid printGraphAdjMat(GraphAdjMat *graph) {\n    printf(\"\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868 = \");\n    printArray(graph->vertices, graph->size);\n    printf(\"\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635 =\\n\");\n    for (int i = 0; i < graph->size; i++) {\n        printArray(graph->adjMat[i], graph->size);\n    }\n}\n
    graph_adjacency_matrix.zig
    [class]{GraphAdjMat}-[func]{}\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_graph/graph_operations/#922","title":"9.2.2 \u00a0 \u57fa\u4e8e\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0","text":"

    \u8bbe\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u7684\u9876\u70b9\u603b\u6570\u4e3a \\(n\\)\u3001\u8fb9\u603b\u6570\u4e3a \\(m\\) \uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u6839\u636e\u56fe 9-8 \u6240\u793a\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5b9e\u73b0\u5404\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002

    • \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9\uff1a\u5728\u9876\u70b9\u5bf9\u5e94\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u672b\u5c3e\u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9\u5373\u53ef\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(1)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u662f\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u9700\u8981\u540c\u65f6\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u8fb9\u3002
    • \u5220\u9664\u8fb9\uff1a\u5728\u9876\u70b9\u5bf9\u5e94\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u5e76\u5220\u9664\u6307\u5b9a\u8fb9\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(m)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u5728\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u4e2d\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u540c\u65f6\u5220\u9664\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u8fb9\u3002
    • \u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9\uff1a\u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u94fe\u8868\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u65b0\u589e\u9876\u70b9\u4f5c\u4e3a\u94fe\u8868\u5934\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(1)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u3002
    • \u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9\uff1a\u9700\u904d\u5386\u6574\u4e2a\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\uff0c\u5220\u9664\u5305\u542b\u6307\u5b9a\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8fb9\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(n + m)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u3002
    • \u521d\u59cb\u5316\uff1a\u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u4e2d\u521b\u5efa \\(n\\) \u4e2a\u9876\u70b9\u548c \\(2m\\) \u6761\u8fb9\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(n + m)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u3002
    \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9\u5220\u9664\u8fb9\u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9\u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9

    \u56fe 9-8 \u00a0 \u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u3001\u589e\u5220\u8fb9\u3001\u589e\u5220\u9876\u70b9

    \u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u5bf9\u6bd4\u56fe 9-8 \uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4ee3\u7801\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e0d\u540c\u3002

    • \u4e3a\u4e86\u65b9\u4fbf\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e0e\u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7b80\u5316\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u5217\u8868\uff08\u52a8\u6001\u6570\u7ec4\uff09\u6765\u4ee3\u66ff\u94fe\u8868\u3002
    • \u4f7f\u7528\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u6765\u5b58\u50a8\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\uff0ckey \u4e3a\u9876\u70b9\u5b9e\u4f8b\uff0cvalue \u4e3a\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868\uff08\u94fe\u8868\uff09\u3002

    \u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528 Vertex \u7c7b\u6765\u8868\u793a\u9876\u70b9\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u662f\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u4e0e\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u7528\u5217\u8868\u7d22\u5f15\u6765\u533a\u5206\u4e0d\u540c\u9876\u70b9\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5047\u8bbe\u8981\u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a \\(i\\) \u7684\u9876\u70b9\uff0c\u5219\u9700\u904d\u5386\u6574\u4e2a\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\uff0c\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u5927\u4e8e \\(i\\) \u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u5168\u90e8\u51cf \\(1\\) \uff0c\u6548\u7387\u5f88\u4f4e\u3002\u800c\u5982\u679c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u9876\u70b9\u90fd\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u7684 Vertex \u5b9e\u4f8b\uff0c\u5220\u9664\u67d0\u4e00\u9876\u70b9\u4e4b\u540e\u5c31\u65e0\u987b\u6539\u52a8\u5176\u4ed6\u9876\u70b9\u4e86\u3002

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig graph_adjacency_list.py
    class GraphAdjList:\n    \"\"\"\u57fa\u4e8e\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u7c7b\"\"\"\n\n    def __init__(self, edges: list[list[Vertex]]):\n        \"\"\"\u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5\"\"\"\n        # \u90bb\u63a5\u8868\uff0ckey\uff1a\u9876\u70b9\uff0cvalue\uff1a\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\n        self.adj_list = dict[Vertex, list[Vertex]]()\n        # \u6dfb\u52a0\u6240\u6709\u9876\u70b9\u548c\u8fb9\n        for edge in edges:\n            self.add_vertex(edge[0])\n            self.add_vertex(edge[1])\n            self.add_edge(edge[0], edge[1])\n\n    def size(self) -> int:\n        \"\"\"\u83b7\u53d6\u9876\u70b9\u6570\u91cf\"\"\"\n        return len(self.adj_list)\n\n    def add_edge(self, vet1: Vertex, vet2: Vertex):\n        \"\"\"\u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9\"\"\"\n        if vet1 not in self.adj_list or vet2 not in self.adj_list or vet1 == vet2:\n            raise ValueError()\n        # \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9 vet1 - vet2\n        self.adj_list[vet1].append(vet2)\n        self.adj_list[vet2].append(vet1)\n\n    def remove_edge(self, vet1: Vertex, vet2: Vertex):\n        \"\"\"\u5220\u9664\u8fb9\"\"\"\n        if vet1 not in self.adj_list or vet2 not in self.adj_list or vet1 == vet2:\n            raise ValueError()\n        # \u5220\u9664\u8fb9 vet1 - vet2\n        self.adj_list[vet1].remove(vet2)\n        self.adj_list[vet2].remove(vet1)\n\n    def add_vertex(self, vet: Vertex):\n        \"\"\"\u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9\"\"\"\n        if vet in self.adj_list:\n            return\n        # \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u94fe\u8868\n        self.adj_list[vet] = []\n\n    def remove_vertex(self, vet: Vertex):\n        \"\"\"\u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9\"\"\"\n        if vet not in self.adj_list:\n            raise ValueError()\n        # \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9 vet \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u94fe\u8868\n        self.adj_list.pop(vet)\n        # \u904d\u5386\u5176\u4ed6\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u94fe\u8868\uff0c\u5220\u9664\u6240\u6709\u5305\u542b vet \u7684\u8fb9\n        for vertex in self.adj_list:\n            if vet in self.adj_list[vertex]:\n                self.adj_list[vertex].remove(vet)\n\n    def print(self):\n        \"\"\"\u6253\u5370\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\"\"\"\n        print(\"\u90bb\u63a5\u8868 =\")\n        for vertex in self.adj_list:\n            tmp = [v.val for v in self.adj_list[vertex]]\n            print(f\"{vertex.val}: {tmp},\")\n
    graph_adjacency_list.cpp
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u7c7b */\nclass GraphAdjList {\n  public:\n    // \u90bb\u63a5\u8868\uff0ckey\uff1a\u9876\u70b9\uff0cvalue\uff1a\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\n    unordered_map<Vertex *, vector<Vertex *>> adjList;\n\n    /* \u5728 vector \u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u6307\u5b9a\u8282\u70b9 */\n    void remove(vector<Vertex *> &vec, Vertex *vet) {\n        for (int i = 0; i < vec.size(); i++) {\n            if (vec[i] == vet) {\n                vec.erase(vec.begin() + i);\n                break;\n            }\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\n    GraphAdjList(const vector<vector<Vertex *>> &edges) {\n        // \u6dfb\u52a0\u6240\u6709\u9876\u70b9\u548c\u8fb9\n        for (const vector<Vertex *> &edge : edges) {\n            addVertex(edge[0]);\n            addVertex(edge[1]);\n            addEdge(edge[0], edge[1]);\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u9876\u70b9\u6570\u91cf */\n    int size() {\n        return adjList.size();\n    }\n\n    /* \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9 */\n    void addEdge(Vertex *vet1, Vertex *vet2) {\n        if (!adjList.count(vet1) || !adjList.count(vet2) || vet1 == vet2)\n            throw invalid_argument(\"\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u9876\u70b9\");\n        // \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9 vet1 - vet2\n        adjList[vet1].push_back(vet2);\n        adjList[vet2].push_back(vet1);\n    }\n\n    /* \u5220\u9664\u8fb9 */\n    void removeEdge(Vertex *vet1, Vertex *vet2) {\n        if (!adjList.count(vet1) || !adjList.count(vet2) || vet1 == vet2)\n            throw invalid_argument(\"\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u9876\u70b9\");\n        // \u5220\u9664\u8fb9 vet1 - vet2\n        remove(adjList[vet1], vet2);\n        remove(adjList[vet2], vet1);\n    }\n\n    /* \u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9 */\n    void addVertex(Vertex *vet) {\n        if (adjList.count(vet))\n            return;\n        // \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u94fe\u8868\n        adjList[vet] = vector<Vertex *>();\n    }\n\n    /* \u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9 */\n    void removeVertex(Vertex *vet) {\n        if (!adjList.count(vet))\n            throw invalid_argument(\"\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u9876\u70b9\");\n        // \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9 vet \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u94fe\u8868\n        adjList.erase(vet);\n        // \u904d\u5386\u5176\u4ed6\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u94fe\u8868\uff0c\u5220\u9664\u6240\u6709\u5305\u542b vet \u7684\u8fb9\n        for (auto &adj : adjList) {\n            remove(adj.second, vet);\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u6253\u5370\u90bb\u63a5\u8868 */\n    void print() {\n        cout << \"\u90bb\u63a5\u8868 =\" << endl;\n        for (auto &adj : adjList) {\n            const auto &key = adj.first;\n            const auto &vec = adj.second;\n            cout << key->val << \": \";\n            printVector(vetsToVals(vec));\n        }\n    }\n};\n
    graph_adjacency_list.java
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u7c7b */\nclass GraphAdjList {\n    // \u90bb\u63a5\u8868\uff0ckey\uff1a\u9876\u70b9\uff0cvalue\uff1a\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\n    Map<Vertex, List<Vertex>> adjList;\n\n    /* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\n    public GraphAdjList(Vertex[][] edges) {\n        this.adjList = new HashMap<>();\n        // \u6dfb\u52a0\u6240\u6709\u9876\u70b9\u548c\u8fb9\n        for (Vertex[] edge : edges) {\n            addVertex(edge[0]);\n            addVertex(edge[1]);\n            addEdge(edge[0], edge[1]);\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u9876\u70b9\u6570\u91cf */\n    public int size() {\n        return adjList.size();\n    }\n\n    /* \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9 */\n    public void addEdge(Vertex vet1, Vertex vet2) {\n        if (!adjList.containsKey(vet1) || !adjList.containsKey(vet2) || vet1 == vet2)\n            throw new IllegalArgumentException();\n        // \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9 vet1 - vet2\n        adjList.get(vet1).add(vet2);\n        adjList.get(vet2).add(vet1);\n    }\n\n    /* \u5220\u9664\u8fb9 */\n    public void removeEdge(Vertex vet1, Vertex vet2) {\n        if (!adjList.containsKey(vet1) || !adjList.containsKey(vet2) || vet1 == vet2)\n            throw new IllegalArgumentException();\n        // \u5220\u9664\u8fb9 vet1 - vet2\n        adjList.get(vet1).remove(vet2);\n        adjList.get(vet2).remove(vet1);\n    }\n\n    /* \u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9 */\n    public void addVertex(Vertex vet) {\n        if (adjList.containsKey(vet))\n            return;\n        // \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u94fe\u8868\n        adjList.put(vet, new ArrayList<>());\n    }\n\n    /* \u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9 */\n    public void removeVertex(Vertex vet) {\n        if (!adjList.containsKey(vet))\n            throw new IllegalArgumentException();\n        // \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9 vet \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u94fe\u8868\n        adjList.remove(vet);\n        // \u904d\u5386\u5176\u4ed6\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u94fe\u8868\uff0c\u5220\u9664\u6240\u6709\u5305\u542b vet \u7684\u8fb9\n        for (List<Vertex> list : adjList.values()) {\n            list.remove(vet);\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u6253\u5370\u90bb\u63a5\u8868 */\n    public void print() {\n        System.out.println(\"\u90bb\u63a5\u8868 =\");\n        for (Map.Entry<Vertex, List<Vertex>> pair : adjList.entrySet()) {\n            List<Integer> tmp = new ArrayList<>();\n            for (Vertex vertex : pair.getValue())\n                tmp.add(vertex.val);\n            System.out.println(pair.getKey().val + \": \" + tmp + \",\");\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    graph_adjacency_list.cs
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u7c7b */\nclass GraphAdjList {\n    // \u90bb\u63a5\u8868\uff0ckey\uff1a\u9876\u70b9\uff0cvalue\uff1a\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\n    public Dictionary<Vertex, List<Vertex>> adjList;\n\n    /* \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570 */\n    public GraphAdjList(Vertex[][] edges) {\n        adjList = [];\n        // \u6dfb\u52a0\u6240\u6709\u9876\u70b9\u548c\u8fb9\n        foreach (Vertex[] edge in edges) {\n            AddVertex(edge[0]);\n            AddVertex(edge[1]);\n            AddEdge(edge[0], edge[1]);\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u9876\u70b9\u6570\u91cf */\n    int Size() {\n        return adjList.Count;\n    }\n\n    /* \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9 */\n    public void AddEdge(Vertex vet1, Vertex vet2) {\n        if (!adjList.ContainsKey(vet1) || !adjList.ContainsKey(vet2) || vet1 == vet2)\n            throw new InvalidOperationException();\n        // \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9 vet1 - vet2\n        adjList[vet1].Add(vet2);\n        adjList[vet2].Add(vet1);\n    }\n\n    /* \u5220\u9664\u8fb9 */\n    public void RemoveEdge(Vertex vet1, Vertex vet2) {\n        if (!adjList.ContainsKey(vet1) || !adjList.ContainsKey(vet2) || vet1 == vet2)\n            throw new InvalidOperationException();\n        // \u5220\u9664\u8fb9 vet1 - vet2\n        adjList[vet1].Remove(vet2);\n        adjList[vet2].Remove(vet1);\n    }\n\n    /* \u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9 */\n    public void AddVertex(Vertex vet) {\n        if (adjList.ContainsKey(vet))\n            return;\n        // \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u94fe\u8868\n        adjList.Add(vet, []);\n    }\n\n    /* \u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9 */\n    public void RemoveVertex(Vertex vet) {\n        if (!adjList.ContainsKey(vet))\n            throw new InvalidOperationException();\n        // \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9 vet \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u94fe\u8868\n        adjList.Remove(vet);\n        // \u904d\u5386\u5176\u4ed6\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u94fe\u8868\uff0c\u5220\u9664\u6240\u6709\u5305\u542b vet \u7684\u8fb9\n        foreach (List<Vertex> list in adjList.Values) {\n            list.Remove(vet);\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u6253\u5370\u90bb\u63a5\u8868 */\n    public void Print() {\n        Console.WriteLine(\"\u90bb\u63a5\u8868 =\");\n        foreach (KeyValuePair<Vertex, List<Vertex>> pair in adjList) {\n            List<int> tmp = [];\n            foreach (Vertex vertex in pair.Value)\n                tmp.Add(vertex.val);\n            Console.WriteLine(pair.Key.val + \": [\" + string.Join(\", \", tmp) + \"],\");\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    graph_adjacency_list.go
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u7c7b */\ntype graphAdjList struct {\n    // \u90bb\u63a5\u8868\uff0ckey\uff1a\u9876\u70b9\uff0cvalue\uff1a\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\n    adjList map[Vertex][]Vertex\n}\n\n/* \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570 */\nfunc newGraphAdjList(edges [][]Vertex) *graphAdjList {\n    g := &graphAdjList{\n        adjList: make(map[Vertex][]Vertex),\n    }\n    // \u6dfb\u52a0\u6240\u6709\u9876\u70b9\u548c\u8fb9\n    for _, edge := range edges {\n        g.addVertex(edge[0])\n        g.addVertex(edge[1])\n        g.addEdge(edge[0], edge[1])\n    }\n    return g\n}\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u9876\u70b9\u6570\u91cf */\nfunc (g *graphAdjList) size() int {\n    return len(g.adjList)\n}\n\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9 */\nfunc (g *graphAdjList) addEdge(vet1 Vertex, vet2 Vertex) {\n    _, ok1 := g.adjList[vet1]\n    _, ok2 := g.adjList[vet2]\n    if !ok1 || !ok2 || vet1 == vet2 {\n        panic(\"error\")\n    }\n    // \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9 vet1 - vet2, \u6dfb\u52a0\u533f\u540d struct{},\n    g.adjList[vet1] = append(g.adjList[vet1], vet2)\n    g.adjList[vet2] = append(g.adjList[vet2], vet1)\n}\n\n/* \u5220\u9664\u8fb9 */\nfunc (g *graphAdjList) removeEdge(vet1 Vertex, vet2 Vertex) {\n    _, ok1 := g.adjList[vet1]\n    _, ok2 := g.adjList[vet2]\n    if !ok1 || !ok2 || vet1 == vet2 {\n        panic(\"error\")\n    }\n    // \u5220\u9664\u8fb9 vet1 - vet2\n    g.adjList[vet1] = DeleteSliceElms(g.adjList[vet1], vet2)\n    g.adjList[vet2] = DeleteSliceElms(g.adjList[vet2], vet1)\n}\n\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9 */\nfunc (g *graphAdjList) addVertex(vet Vertex) {\n    _, ok := g.adjList[vet]\n    if ok {\n        return\n    }\n    // \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u94fe\u8868\n    g.adjList[vet] = make([]Vertex, 0)\n}\n\n/* \u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9 */\nfunc (g *graphAdjList) removeVertex(vet Vertex) {\n    _, ok := g.adjList[vet]\n    if !ok {\n        panic(\"error\")\n    }\n    // \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9 vet \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u94fe\u8868\n    delete(g.adjList, vet)\n    // \u904d\u5386\u5176\u4ed6\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u94fe\u8868\uff0c\u5220\u9664\u6240\u6709\u5305\u542b vet \u7684\u8fb9\n    for v, list := range g.adjList {\n        g.adjList[v] = DeleteSliceElms(list, vet)\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u6253\u5370\u90bb\u63a5\u8868 */\nfunc (g *graphAdjList) print() {\n    var builder strings.Builder\n    fmt.Printf(\"\u90bb\u63a5\u8868 = \\n\")\n    for k, v := range g.adjList {\n        builder.WriteString(\"\\t\\t\" + strconv.Itoa(k.Val) + \": \")\n        for _, vet := range v {\n            builder.WriteString(strconv.Itoa(vet.Val) + \" \")\n        }\n        fmt.Println(builder.String())\n        builder.Reset()\n    }\n}\n
    graph_adjacency_list.swift
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u7c7b */\nclass GraphAdjList {\n    // \u90bb\u63a5\u8868\uff0ckey\uff1a\u9876\u70b9\uff0cvalue\uff1a\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\n    public private(set) var adjList: [Vertex: [Vertex]]\n\n    /* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\n    public init(edges: [[Vertex]]) {\n        adjList = [:]\n        // \u6dfb\u52a0\u6240\u6709\u9876\u70b9\u548c\u8fb9\n        for edge in edges {\n            addVertex(vet: edge[0])\n            addVertex(vet: edge[1])\n            addEdge(vet1: edge[0], vet2: edge[1])\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u9876\u70b9\u6570\u91cf */\n    public func size() -> Int {\n        adjList.count\n    }\n\n    /* \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9 */\n    public func addEdge(vet1: Vertex, vet2: Vertex) {\n        if adjList[vet1] == nil || adjList[vet2] == nil || vet1 == vet2 {\n            fatalError(\"\u53c2\u6570\u9519\u8bef\")\n        }\n        // \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9 vet1 - vet2\n        adjList[vet1]?.append(vet2)\n        adjList[vet2]?.append(vet1)\n    }\n\n    /* \u5220\u9664\u8fb9 */\n    public func removeEdge(vet1: Vertex, vet2: Vertex) {\n        if adjList[vet1] == nil || adjList[vet2] == nil || vet1 == vet2 {\n            fatalError(\"\u53c2\u6570\u9519\u8bef\")\n        }\n        // \u5220\u9664\u8fb9 vet1 - vet2\n        adjList[vet1]?.removeAll(where: { $0 == vet2 })\n        adjList[vet2]?.removeAll(where: { $0 == vet1 })\n    }\n\n    /* \u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9 */\n    public func addVertex(vet: Vertex) {\n        if adjList[vet] != nil {\n            return\n        }\n        // \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u94fe\u8868\n        adjList[vet] = []\n    }\n\n    /* \u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9 */\n    public func removeVertex(vet: Vertex) {\n        if adjList[vet] == nil {\n            fatalError(\"\u53c2\u6570\u9519\u8bef\")\n        }\n        // \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9 vet \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u94fe\u8868\n        adjList.removeValue(forKey: vet)\n        // \u904d\u5386\u5176\u4ed6\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u94fe\u8868\uff0c\u5220\u9664\u6240\u6709\u5305\u542b vet \u7684\u8fb9\n        for key in adjList.keys {\n            adjList[key]?.removeAll(where: { $0 == vet })\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u6253\u5370\u90bb\u63a5\u8868 */\n    public func print() {\n        Swift.print(\"\u90bb\u63a5\u8868 =\")\n        for pair in adjList {\n            var tmp: [Int] = []\n            for vertex in pair.value {\n                tmp.append(vertex.val)\n            }\n            Swift.print(\"\\(pair.key.val): \\(tmp),\")\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    graph_adjacency_list.js
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u7c7b */\nclass GraphAdjList {\n    // \u90bb\u63a5\u8868\uff0ckey\uff1a\u9876\u70b9\uff0cvalue\uff1a\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\n    adjList;\n\n    /* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\n    constructor(edges) {\n        this.adjList = new Map();\n        // \u6dfb\u52a0\u6240\u6709\u9876\u70b9\u548c\u8fb9\n        for (const edge of edges) {\n            this.addVertex(edge[0]);\n            this.addVertex(edge[1]);\n            this.addEdge(edge[0], edge[1]);\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u9876\u70b9\u6570\u91cf */\n    size() {\n        return this.adjList.size;\n    }\n\n    /* \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9 */\n    addEdge(vet1, vet2) {\n        if (\n            !this.adjList.has(vet1) ||\n            !this.adjList.has(vet2) ||\n            vet1 === vet2\n        ) {\n            throw new Error('Illegal Argument Exception');\n        }\n        // \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9 vet1 - vet2\n        this.adjList.get(vet1).push(vet2);\n        this.adjList.get(vet2).push(vet1);\n    }\n\n    /* \u5220\u9664\u8fb9 */\n    removeEdge(vet1, vet2) {\n        if (\n            !this.adjList.has(vet1) ||\n            !this.adjList.has(vet2) ||\n            vet1 === vet2\n        ) {\n            throw new Error('Illegal Argument Exception');\n        }\n        // \u5220\u9664\u8fb9 vet1 - vet2\n        this.adjList.get(vet1).splice(this.adjList.get(vet1).indexOf(vet2), 1);\n        this.adjList.get(vet2).splice(this.adjList.get(vet2).indexOf(vet1), 1);\n    }\n\n    /* \u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9 */\n    addVertex(vet) {\n        if (this.adjList.has(vet)) return;\n        // \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u94fe\u8868\n        this.adjList.set(vet, []);\n    }\n\n    /* \u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9 */\n    removeVertex(vet) {\n        if (!this.adjList.has(vet)) {\n            throw new Error('Illegal Argument Exception');\n        }\n        // \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9 vet \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u94fe\u8868\n        this.adjList.delete(vet);\n        // \u904d\u5386\u5176\u4ed6\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u94fe\u8868\uff0c\u5220\u9664\u6240\u6709\u5305\u542b vet \u7684\u8fb9\n        for (const set of this.adjList.values()) {\n            const index = set.indexOf(vet);\n            if (index > -1) {\n                set.splice(index, 1);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u6253\u5370\u90bb\u63a5\u8868 */\n    print() {\n        console.log('\u90bb\u63a5\u8868 =');\n        for (const [key, value] of this.adjList) {\n            const tmp = [];\n            for (const vertex of value) {\n                tmp.push(vertex.val);\n            }\n            console.log(key.val + ': ' + tmp.join());\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    graph_adjacency_list.ts
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u7c7b */\nclass GraphAdjList {\n    // \u90bb\u63a5\u8868\uff0ckey\uff1a\u9876\u70b9\uff0cvalue\uff1a\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\n    adjList: Map<Vertex, Vertex[]>;\n\n    /* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\n    constructor(edges: Vertex[][]) {\n        this.adjList = new Map();\n        // \u6dfb\u52a0\u6240\u6709\u9876\u70b9\u548c\u8fb9\n        for (const edge of edges) {\n            this.addVertex(edge[0]);\n            this.addVertex(edge[1]);\n            this.addEdge(edge[0], edge[1]);\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u9876\u70b9\u6570\u91cf */\n    size(): number {\n        return this.adjList.size;\n    }\n\n    /* \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9 */\n    addEdge(vet1: Vertex, vet2: Vertex): void {\n        if (\n            !this.adjList.has(vet1) ||\n            !this.adjList.has(vet2) ||\n            vet1 === vet2\n        ) {\n            throw new Error('Illegal Argument Exception');\n        }\n        // \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9 vet1 - vet2\n        this.adjList.get(vet1).push(vet2);\n        this.adjList.get(vet2).push(vet1);\n    }\n\n    /* \u5220\u9664\u8fb9 */\n    removeEdge(vet1: Vertex, vet2: Vertex): void {\n        if (\n            !this.adjList.has(vet1) ||\n            !this.adjList.has(vet2) ||\n            vet1 === vet2\n        ) {\n            throw new Error('Illegal Argument Exception');\n        }\n        // \u5220\u9664\u8fb9 vet1 - vet2\n        this.adjList.get(vet1).splice(this.adjList.get(vet1).indexOf(vet2), 1);\n        this.adjList.get(vet2).splice(this.adjList.get(vet2).indexOf(vet1), 1);\n    }\n\n    /* \u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9 */\n    addVertex(vet: Vertex): void {\n        if (this.adjList.has(vet)) return;\n        // \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u94fe\u8868\n        this.adjList.set(vet, []);\n    }\n\n    /* \u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9 */\n    removeVertex(vet: Vertex): void {\n        if (!this.adjList.has(vet)) {\n            throw new Error('Illegal Argument Exception');\n        }\n        // \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9 vet \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u94fe\u8868\n        this.adjList.delete(vet);\n        // \u904d\u5386\u5176\u4ed6\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u94fe\u8868\uff0c\u5220\u9664\u6240\u6709\u5305\u542b vet \u7684\u8fb9\n        for (const set of this.adjList.values()) {\n            const index: number = set.indexOf(vet);\n            if (index > -1) {\n                set.splice(index, 1);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u6253\u5370\u90bb\u63a5\u8868 */\n    print(): void {\n        console.log('\u90bb\u63a5\u8868 =');\n        for (const [key, value] of this.adjList.entries()) {\n            const tmp = [];\n            for (const vertex of value) {\n                tmp.push(vertex.val);\n            }\n            console.log(key.val + ': ' + tmp.join());\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    graph_adjacency_list.dart
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u7c7b */\nclass GraphAdjList {\n  // \u90bb\u63a5\u8868\uff0ckey\uff1a\u9876\u70b9\uff0cvalue\uff1a\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\n  Map<Vertex, List<Vertex>> adjList = {};\n\n  /* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\n  GraphAdjList(List<List<Vertex>> edges) {\n    for (List<Vertex> edge in edges) {\n      addVertex(edge[0]);\n      addVertex(edge[1]);\n      addEdge(edge[0], edge[1]);\n    }\n  }\n\n  /* \u83b7\u53d6\u9876\u70b9\u6570\u91cf */\n  int size() {\n    return adjList.length;\n  }\n\n  /* \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9 */\n  void addEdge(Vertex vet1, Vertex vet2) {\n    if (!adjList.containsKey(vet1) ||\n        !adjList.containsKey(vet2) ||\n        vet1 == vet2) {\n      throw ArgumentError;\n    }\n    // \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9 vet1 - vet2\n    adjList[vet1]!.add(vet2);\n    adjList[vet2]!.add(vet1);\n  }\n\n  /* \u5220\u9664\u8fb9 */\n  void removeEdge(Vertex vet1, Vertex vet2) {\n    if (!adjList.containsKey(vet1) ||\n        !adjList.containsKey(vet2) ||\n        vet1 == vet2) {\n      throw ArgumentError;\n    }\n    // \u5220\u9664\u8fb9 vet1 - vet2\n    adjList[vet1]!.remove(vet2);\n    adjList[vet2]!.remove(vet1);\n  }\n\n  /* \u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9 */\n  void addVertex(Vertex vet) {\n    if (adjList.containsKey(vet)) return;\n    // \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u94fe\u8868\n    adjList[vet] = [];\n  }\n\n  /* \u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9 */\n  void removeVertex(Vertex vet) {\n    if (!adjList.containsKey(vet)) {\n      throw ArgumentError;\n    }\n    // \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9 vet \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u94fe\u8868\n    adjList.remove(vet);\n    // \u904d\u5386\u5176\u4ed6\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u94fe\u8868\uff0c\u5220\u9664\u6240\u6709\u5305\u542b vet \u7684\u8fb9\n    adjList.forEach((key, value) {\n      value.remove(vet);\n    });\n  }\n\n  /* \u6253\u5370\u90bb\u63a5\u8868 */\n  void printAdjList() {\n    print(\"\u90bb\u63a5\u8868 =\");\n    adjList.forEach((key, value) {\n      List<int> tmp = [];\n      for (Vertex vertex in value) {\n        tmp.add(vertex.val);\n      }\n      print(\"${key.val}: $tmp,\");\n    });\n  }\n}\n
    graph_adjacency_list.rs
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u7c7b\u578b */\npub struct GraphAdjList {\n    // \u90bb\u63a5\u8868\uff0ckey\uff1a\u9876\u70b9\uff0cvalue\uff1a\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\n    pub adj_list: HashMap<Vertex, Vec<Vertex>>,\n}\n\nimpl GraphAdjList {\n    /* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\n    pub fn new(edges: Vec<[Vertex; 2]>) -> Self {\n        let mut graph = GraphAdjList {\n            adj_list: HashMap::new(),\n        };\n        // \u6dfb\u52a0\u6240\u6709\u9876\u70b9\u548c\u8fb9\n        for edge in edges {\n            graph.add_vertex(edge[0]);\n            graph.add_vertex(edge[1]);\n            graph.add_edge(edge[0], edge[1]);\n        }\n\n        graph\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u9876\u70b9\u6570\u91cf */\n    #[allow(unused)]\n    pub fn size(&self) -> usize {\n        self.adj_list.len()\n    }\n\n    /* \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9 */\n    pub fn add_edge(&mut self, vet1: Vertex, vet2: Vertex) {\n        if !self.adj_list.contains_key(&vet1) || !self.adj_list.contains_key(&vet2) || vet1 == vet2\n        {\n            panic!(\"value error\");\n        }\n        // \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9 vet1 - vet2\n        self.adj_list.get_mut(&vet1).unwrap().push(vet2);\n        self.adj_list.get_mut(&vet2).unwrap().push(vet1);\n    }\n\n    /* \u5220\u9664\u8fb9 */\n    #[allow(unused)]\n    pub fn remove_edge(&mut self, vet1: Vertex, vet2: Vertex) {\n        if !self.adj_list.contains_key(&vet1) || !self.adj_list.contains_key(&vet2) || vet1 == vet2\n        {\n            panic!(\"value error\");\n        }\n        // \u5220\u9664\u8fb9 vet1 - vet2\n        self.adj_list\n            .get_mut(&vet1)\n            .unwrap()\n            .retain(|&vet| vet != vet2);\n        self.adj_list\n            .get_mut(&vet2)\n            .unwrap()\n            .retain(|&vet| vet != vet1);\n    }\n\n    /* \u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9 */\n    pub fn add_vertex(&mut self, vet: Vertex) {\n        if self.adj_list.contains_key(&vet) {\n            return;\n        }\n        // \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u94fe\u8868\n        self.adj_list.insert(vet, vec![]);\n    }\n\n    /* \u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9 */\n    #[allow(unused)]\n    pub fn remove_vertex(&mut self, vet: Vertex) {\n        if !self.adj_list.contains_key(&vet) {\n            panic!(\"value error\");\n        }\n        // \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9 vet \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u94fe\u8868\n        self.adj_list.remove(&vet);\n        // \u904d\u5386\u5176\u4ed6\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u94fe\u8868\uff0c\u5220\u9664\u6240\u6709\u5305\u542b vet \u7684\u8fb9\n        for list in self.adj_list.values_mut() {\n            list.retain(|&v| v != vet);\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u6253\u5370\u90bb\u63a5\u8868 */\n    pub fn print(&self) {\n        println!(\"\u90bb\u63a5\u8868 =\");\n        for (vertex, list) in &self.adj_list {\n            let list = list.iter().map(|vertex| vertex.val).collect::<Vec<i32>>();\n            println!(\"{}: {:?},\", vertex.val, list);\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    graph_adjacency_list.c
    /* \u8282\u70b9\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53 */\ntypedef struct AdjListNode {\n    Vertex *vertex;           // \u9876\u70b9\n    struct AdjListNode *next; // \u540e\u7ee7\u8282\u70b9\n} AdjListNode;\n\n/* \u67e5\u627e\u9876\u70b9\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u8282\u70b9 */\nAdjListNode *findNode(GraphAdjList *graph, Vertex *vet) {\n    for (int i = 0; i < graph->size; i++) {\n        if (graph->heads[i]->vertex == vet) {\n            return graph->heads[i];\n        }\n    }\n    return NULL;\n}\n\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9\u8f85\u52a9\u51fd\u6570 */\nvoid addEdgeHelper(AdjListNode *head, Vertex *vet) {\n    AdjListNode *node = (AdjListNode *)malloc(sizeof(AdjListNode));\n    node->vertex = vet;\n    // \u5934\u63d2\u6cd5\n    node->next = head->next;\n    head->next = node;\n}\n\n/* \u5220\u9664\u8fb9\u8f85\u52a9\u51fd\u6570 */\nvoid removeEdgeHelper(AdjListNode *head, Vertex *vet) {\n    AdjListNode *pre = head;\n    AdjListNode *cur = head->next;\n    // \u5728\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u641c\u7d22 vet \u5bf9\u5e94\u8282\u70b9\n    while (cur != NULL && cur->vertex != vet) {\n        pre = cur;\n        cur = cur->next;\n    }\n    if (cur == NULL)\n        return;\n    // \u5c06 vet \u5bf9\u5e94\u8282\u70b9\u4ece\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\n    pre->next = cur->next;\n    // \u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\n    free(cur);\n}\n\n/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u7c7b */\ntypedef struct {\n    AdjListNode *heads[MAX_SIZE]; // \u8282\u70b9\u6570\u7ec4\n    int size;                     // \u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf\n} GraphAdjList;\n\n/* \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570 */\nGraphAdjList *newGraphAdjList() {\n    GraphAdjList *graph = (GraphAdjList *)malloc(sizeof(GraphAdjList));\n    if (!graph) {\n        return NULL;\n    }\n    graph->size = 0;\n    for (int i = 0; i < MAX_SIZE; i++) {\n        graph->heads[i] = NULL;\n    }\n    return graph;\n}\n\n/* \u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570 */\nvoid delGraphAdjList(GraphAdjList *graph) {\n    for (int i = 0; i < graph->size; i++) {\n        AdjListNode *cur = graph->heads[i];\n        while (cur != NULL) {\n            AdjListNode *next = cur->next;\n            if (cur != graph->heads[i]) {\n                free(cur);\n            }\n            cur = next;\n        }\n        free(graph->heads[i]->vertex);\n        free(graph->heads[i]);\n    }\n    free(graph);\n}\n\n/* \u67e5\u627e\u9876\u70b9\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u8282\u70b9 */\nAdjListNode *findNode(GraphAdjList *graph, Vertex *vet) {\n    for (int i = 0; i < graph->size; i++) {\n        if (graph->heads[i]->vertex == vet) {\n            return graph->heads[i];\n        }\n    }\n    return NULL;\n}\n\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9 */\nvoid addEdge(GraphAdjList *graph, Vertex *vet1, Vertex *vet2) {\n    AdjListNode *head1 = findNode(graph, vet1);\n    AdjListNode *head2 = findNode(graph, vet2);\n    assert(head1 != NULL && head2 != NULL && head1 != head2);\n    // \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9 vet1 - vet2\n    addEdgeHelper(head1, vet2);\n    addEdgeHelper(head2, vet1);\n}\n\n/* \u5220\u9664\u8fb9 */\nvoid removeEdge(GraphAdjList *graph, Vertex *vet1, Vertex *vet2) {\n    AdjListNode *head1 = findNode(graph, vet1);\n    AdjListNode *head2 = findNode(graph, vet2);\n    assert(head1 != NULL && head2 != NULL);\n    // \u5220\u9664\u8fb9 vet1 - vet2\n    removeEdgeHelper(head1, head2->vertex);\n    removeEdgeHelper(head2, head1->vertex);\n}\n\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9 */\nvoid addVertex(GraphAdjList *graph, Vertex *vet) {\n    assert(graph != NULL && graph->size < MAX_SIZE);\n    AdjListNode *head = (AdjListNode *)malloc(sizeof(AdjListNode));\n    head->vertex = vet;\n    head->next = NULL;\n    // \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u94fe\u8868\n    graph->heads[graph->size++] = head;\n}\n\n/* \u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9 */\nvoid removeVertex(GraphAdjList *graph, Vertex *vet) {\n    AdjListNode *node = findNode(graph, vet);\n    assert(node != NULL);\n    // \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9 vet \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u94fe\u8868\n    AdjListNode *cur = node, *pre = NULL;\n    while (cur) {\n        pre = cur;\n        cur = cur->next;\n        free(pre);\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u5176\u4ed6\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u94fe\u8868\uff0c\u5220\u9664\u6240\u6709\u5305\u542b vet \u7684\u8fb9\n    for (int i = 0; i < graph->size; i++) {\n        cur = graph->heads[i];\n        pre = NULL;\n        while (cur) {\n            pre = cur;\n            cur = cur->next;\n            if (cur && cur->vertex == vet) {\n                pre->next = cur->next;\n                free(cur);\n                break;\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    // \u5c06\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u9876\u70b9\u5411\u524d\u79fb\u52a8\uff0c\u4ee5\u586b\u8865\u7a7a\u7f3a\n    int i;\n    for (i = 0; i < graph->size; i++) {\n        if (graph->heads[i] == node)\n            break;\n    }\n    for (int j = i; j < graph->size - 1; j++) {\n        graph->heads[j] = graph->heads[j + 1];\n    }\n    graph->size--;\n    free(vet);\n}\n
    graph_adjacency_list.zig
    [class]{GraphAdjList}-[func]{}\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_graph/graph_operations/#923","title":"9.2.3 \u00a0 \u6548\u7387\u5bf9\u6bd4","text":"

    \u8bbe\u56fe\u4e2d\u5171\u6709 \\(n\\) \u4e2a\u9876\u70b9\u548c \\(m\\) \u6761\u8fb9\uff0c\u8868 9-2 \u5bf9\u6bd4\u4e86\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u548c\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6548\u7387\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u6548\u7387\u3002

    \u8868 9-2 \u00a0 \u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e0e\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u5bf9\u6bd4

    \u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635 \u90bb\u63a5\u8868\uff08\u94fe\u8868\uff09 \u90bb\u63a5\u8868\uff08\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff09 \u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u90bb\u63a5 \\(O(1)\\) \\(O(m)\\) \\(O(1)\\) \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9 \\(O(1)\\) \\(O(1)\\) \\(O(1)\\) \u5220\u9664\u8fb9 \\(O(1)\\) \\(O(m)\\) \\(O(1)\\) \u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9 \\(O(n)\\) \\(O(1)\\) \\(O(1)\\) \u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9 \\(O(n^2)\\) \\(O(n + m)\\) \\(O(n)\\) \u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u5360\u7528 \\(O(n^2)\\) \\(O(n + m)\\) \\(O(n + m)\\)

    \u89c2\u5bdf\u8868 9-2 \uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\uff08\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff09\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6548\u7387\u4e0e\u7a7a\u95f4\u6548\u7387\u6700\u4f18\u3002\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u64cd\u4f5c\u8fb9\u7684\u6548\u7387\u66f4\u9ad8\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u4e00\u6b21\u6570\u7ec4\u8bbf\u95ee\u6216\u8d4b\u503c\u64cd\u4f5c\u5373\u53ef\u3002\u7efc\u5408\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u201c\u4ee5\u7a7a\u95f4\u6362\u65f6\u95f4\u201d\u7684\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u800c\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u201c\u4ee5\u65f6\u95f4\u6362\u7a7a\u95f4\u201d\u7684\u539f\u5219\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_graph/graph_traversal/","title":"9.3 \u00a0 \u56fe\u7684\u904d\u5386","text":"

    \u6811\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u662f\u201c\u4e00\u5bf9\u591a\u201d\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u800c\u56fe\u5219\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u5ea6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8868\u793a\u4efb\u610f\u7684\u201c\u591a\u5bf9\u591a\u201d\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u6811\u770b\u4f5c\u56fe\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u4f8b\u3002\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u6811\u7684\u904d\u5386\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e5f\u662f\u56fe\u7684\u904d\u5386\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u4f8b\u3002

    \u56fe\u548c\u6811\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u5e94\u7528\u641c\u7d22\u7b97\u6cd5\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u904d\u5386\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u56fe\u7684\u904d\u5386\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e5f\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u79cd\uff1a\u300c\u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386\u300d\u548c\u300c\u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386\u300d\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_graph/graph_traversal/#931","title":"9.3.1 \u00a0 \u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386","text":"

    \u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7531\u8fd1\u53ca\u8fdc\u7684\u904d\u5386\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ece\u67d0\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u59cb\u7ec8\u4f18\u5148\u8bbf\u95ee\u8ddd\u79bb\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u9876\u70b9\uff0c\u5e76\u4e00\u5c42\u5c42\u5411\u5916\u6269\u5f20\u3002\u5982\u56fe 9-9 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u4ece\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u9876\u70b9\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u904d\u5386\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u904d\u5386\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u7c7b\u63a8\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u6240\u6709\u9876\u70b9\u8bbf\u95ee\u5b8c\u6bd5\u3002

    \u56fe 9-9 \u00a0 \u56fe\u7684\u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386

    "},{"location":"chapter_graph/graph_traversal/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u7b97\u6cd5\u5b9e\u73b0","text":"

    BFS \u901a\u5e38\u501f\u52a9\u961f\u5217\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\u3002\u961f\u5217\u5177\u6709\u201c\u5148\u5165\u5148\u51fa\u201d\u7684\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0e BFS \u7684\u201c\u7531\u8fd1\u53ca\u8fdc\u201d\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u5f02\u66f2\u540c\u5de5\u3002

    1. \u5c06\u904d\u5386\u8d77\u59cb\u9876\u70b9 startVet \u52a0\u5165\u961f\u5217\uff0c\u5e76\u5f00\u542f\u5faa\u73af\u3002
    2. \u5728\u5faa\u73af\u7684\u6bcf\u8f6e\u8fed\u4ee3\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f39\u51fa\u961f\u9996\u9876\u70b9\u5e76\u8bb0\u5f55\u8bbf\u95ee\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c06\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\u52a0\u5165\u5230\u961f\u5217\u5c3e\u90e8\u3002
    3. \u5faa\u73af\u6b65\u9aa4 2. \uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u6240\u6709\u9876\u70b9\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u5b8c\u6bd5\u540e\u7ed3\u675f\u3002

    \u4e3a\u4e86\u9632\u6b62\u91cd\u590d\u904d\u5386\u9876\u70b9\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u501f\u52a9\u4e00\u4e2a\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 visited \u6765\u8bb0\u5f55\u54ea\u4e9b\u8282\u70b9\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig graph_bfs.py
    def graph_bfs(graph: GraphAdjList, start_vet: Vertex) -> list[Vertex]:\n    \"\"\"\u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386\"\"\"\n    # \u4f7f\u7528\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u6765\u8868\u793a\u56fe\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u83b7\u53d6\u6307\u5b9a\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\n    # \u9876\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\n    res = []\n    # \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u9876\u70b9\n    visited = set[Vertex]([start_vet])\n    # \u961f\u5217\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0 BFS\n    que = deque[Vertex]([start_vet])\n    # \u4ee5\u9876\u70b9 vet \u4e3a\u8d77\u70b9\uff0c\u5faa\u73af\u76f4\u81f3\u8bbf\u95ee\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u9876\u70b9\n    while len(que) > 0:\n        vet = que.popleft()  # \u961f\u9996\u9876\u70b9\u51fa\u961f\n        res.append(vet)  # \u8bb0\u5f55\u8bbf\u95ee\u9876\u70b9\n        # \u904d\u5386\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\n        for adj_vet in graph.adj_list[vet]:\n            if adj_vet in visited:\n                continue  # \u8df3\u8fc7\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u9876\u70b9\n            que.append(adj_vet)  # \u53ea\u5165\u961f\u672a\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u9876\u70b9\n            visited.add(adj_vet)  # \u6807\u8bb0\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\n    # \u8fd4\u56de\u9876\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\n    return res\n
    graph_bfs.cpp
    /* \u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 */\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u6765\u8868\u793a\u56fe\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u83b7\u53d6\u6307\u5b9a\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\nvector<Vertex *> graphBFS(GraphAdjList &graph, Vertex *startVet) {\n    // \u9876\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\n    vector<Vertex *> res;\n    // \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u9876\u70b9\n    unordered_set<Vertex *> visited = {startVet};\n    // \u961f\u5217\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0 BFS\n    queue<Vertex *> que;\n    que.push(startVet);\n    // \u4ee5\u9876\u70b9 vet \u4e3a\u8d77\u70b9\uff0c\u5faa\u73af\u76f4\u81f3\u8bbf\u95ee\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u9876\u70b9\n    while (!que.empty()) {\n        Vertex *vet = que.front();\n        que.pop();          // \u961f\u9996\u9876\u70b9\u51fa\u961f\n        res.push_back(vet); // \u8bb0\u5f55\u8bbf\u95ee\u9876\u70b9\n        // \u904d\u5386\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\n        for (auto adjVet : graph.adjList[vet]) {\n            if (visited.count(adjVet))\n                continue;            // \u8df3\u8fc7\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u9876\u70b9\n            que.push(adjVet);        // \u53ea\u5165\u961f\u672a\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u9876\u70b9\n            visited.emplace(adjVet); // \u6807\u8bb0\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\n        }\n    }\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u9876\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\n    return res;\n}\n
    graph_bfs.java
    /* \u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 */\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u6765\u8868\u793a\u56fe\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u83b7\u53d6\u6307\u5b9a\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\nList<Vertex> graphBFS(GraphAdjList graph, Vertex startVet) {\n    // \u9876\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\n    List<Vertex> res = new ArrayList<>();\n    // \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u9876\u70b9\n    Set<Vertex> visited = new HashSet<>();\n    visited.add(startVet);\n    // \u961f\u5217\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0 BFS\n    Queue<Vertex> que = new LinkedList<>();\n    que.offer(startVet);\n    // \u4ee5\u9876\u70b9 vet \u4e3a\u8d77\u70b9\uff0c\u5faa\u73af\u76f4\u81f3\u8bbf\u95ee\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u9876\u70b9\n    while (!que.isEmpty()) {\n        Vertex vet = que.poll(); // \u961f\u9996\u9876\u70b9\u51fa\u961f\n        res.add(vet);            // \u8bb0\u5f55\u8bbf\u95ee\u9876\u70b9\n        // \u904d\u5386\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\n        for (Vertex adjVet : graph.adjList.get(vet)) {\n            if (visited.contains(adjVet))\n                continue;        // \u8df3\u8fc7\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u9876\u70b9\n            que.offer(adjVet);   // \u53ea\u5165\u961f\u672a\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u9876\u70b9\n            visited.add(adjVet); // \u6807\u8bb0\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\n        }\n    }\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u9876\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\n    return res;\n}\n
    graph_bfs.cs
    /* \u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 */\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u6765\u8868\u793a\u56fe\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u83b7\u53d6\u6307\u5b9a\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\nList<Vertex> GraphBFS(GraphAdjList graph, Vertex startVet) {\n    // \u9876\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\n    List<Vertex> res = [];\n    // \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u9876\u70b9\n    HashSet<Vertex> visited = [startVet];\n    // \u961f\u5217\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0 BFS\n    Queue<Vertex> que = new();\n    que.Enqueue(startVet);\n    // \u4ee5\u9876\u70b9 vet \u4e3a\u8d77\u70b9\uff0c\u5faa\u73af\u76f4\u81f3\u8bbf\u95ee\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u9876\u70b9\n    while (que.Count > 0) {\n        Vertex vet = que.Dequeue(); // \u961f\u9996\u9876\u70b9\u51fa\u961f\n        res.Add(vet);               // \u8bb0\u5f55\u8bbf\u95ee\u9876\u70b9\n        foreach (Vertex adjVet in graph.adjList[vet]) {\n            if (visited.Contains(adjVet)) {\n                continue;          // \u8df3\u8fc7\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u9876\u70b9\n            }\n            que.Enqueue(adjVet);   // \u53ea\u5165\u961f\u672a\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u9876\u70b9\n            visited.Add(adjVet);   // \u6807\u8bb0\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\n        }\n    }\n\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u9876\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\n    return res;\n}\n
    graph_bfs.go
    /* \u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 */\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u6765\u8868\u793a\u56fe\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u83b7\u53d6\u6307\u5b9a\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\nfunc graphBFS(g *graphAdjList, startVet Vertex) []Vertex {\n    // \u9876\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\n    res := make([]Vertex, 0)\n    // \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u9876\u70b9\n    visited := make(map[Vertex]struct{})\n    visited[startVet] = struct{}{}\n    // \u961f\u5217\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0 BFS, \u4f7f\u7528\u5207\u7247\u6a21\u62df\u961f\u5217\n    queue := make([]Vertex, 0)\n    queue = append(queue, startVet)\n    // \u4ee5\u9876\u70b9 vet \u4e3a\u8d77\u70b9\uff0c\u5faa\u73af\u76f4\u81f3\u8bbf\u95ee\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u9876\u70b9\n    for len(queue) > 0 {\n        // \u961f\u9996\u9876\u70b9\u51fa\u961f\n        vet := queue[0]\n        queue = queue[1:]\n        // \u8bb0\u5f55\u8bbf\u95ee\u9876\u70b9\n        res = append(res, vet)\n        // \u904d\u5386\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\n        for _, adjVet := range g.adjList[vet] {\n            _, isExist := visited[adjVet]\n            // \u53ea\u5165\u961f\u672a\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u9876\u70b9\n            if !isExist {\n                queue = append(queue, adjVet)\n                visited[adjVet] = struct{}{}\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u9876\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\n    return res\n}\n
    graph_bfs.swift
    /* \u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 */\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u6765\u8868\u793a\u56fe\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u83b7\u53d6\u6307\u5b9a\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\nfunc graphBFS(graph: GraphAdjList, startVet: Vertex) -> [Vertex] {\n    // \u9876\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\n    var res: [Vertex] = []\n    // \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u9876\u70b9\n    var visited: Set<Vertex> = [startVet]\n    // \u961f\u5217\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0 BFS\n    var que: [Vertex] = [startVet]\n    // \u4ee5\u9876\u70b9 vet \u4e3a\u8d77\u70b9\uff0c\u5faa\u73af\u76f4\u81f3\u8bbf\u95ee\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u9876\u70b9\n    while !que.isEmpty {\n        let vet = que.removeFirst() // \u961f\u9996\u9876\u70b9\u51fa\u961f\n        res.append(vet) // \u8bb0\u5f55\u8bbf\u95ee\u9876\u70b9\n        // \u904d\u5386\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\n        for adjVet in graph.adjList[vet] ?? [] {\n            if visited.contains(adjVet) {\n                continue // \u8df3\u8fc7\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u9876\u70b9\n            }\n            que.append(adjVet) // \u53ea\u5165\u961f\u672a\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u9876\u70b9\n            visited.insert(adjVet) // \u6807\u8bb0\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\n        }\n    }\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u9876\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\n    return res\n}\n
    graph_bfs.js
    /* \u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 */\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u6765\u8868\u793a\u56fe\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u83b7\u53d6\u6307\u5b9a\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\nfunction graphBFS(graph, startVet) {\n    // \u9876\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\n    const res = [];\n    // \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u9876\u70b9\n    const visited = new Set();\n    visited.add(startVet);\n    // \u961f\u5217\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0 BFS\n    const que = [startVet];\n    // \u4ee5\u9876\u70b9 vet \u4e3a\u8d77\u70b9\uff0c\u5faa\u73af\u76f4\u81f3\u8bbf\u95ee\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u9876\u70b9\n    while (que.length) {\n        const vet = que.shift(); // \u961f\u9996\u9876\u70b9\u51fa\u961f\n        res.push(vet); // \u8bb0\u5f55\u8bbf\u95ee\u9876\u70b9\n        // \u904d\u5386\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\n        for (const adjVet of graph.adjList.get(vet) ?? []) {\n            if (visited.has(adjVet)) {\n                continue; // \u8df3\u8fc7\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u9876\u70b9\n            }\n            que.push(adjVet); // \u53ea\u5165\u961f\u672a\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u9876\u70b9\n            visited.add(adjVet); // \u6807\u8bb0\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\n        }\n    }\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u9876\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\n    return res;\n}\n
    graph_bfs.ts
    /* \u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 */\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u6765\u8868\u793a\u56fe\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u83b7\u53d6\u6307\u5b9a\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\nfunction graphBFS(graph: GraphAdjList, startVet: Vertex): Vertex[] {\n    // \u9876\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\n    const res: Vertex[] = [];\n    // \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u9876\u70b9\n    const visited: Set<Vertex> = new Set();\n    visited.add(startVet);\n    // \u961f\u5217\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0 BFS\n    const que = [startVet];\n    // \u4ee5\u9876\u70b9 vet \u4e3a\u8d77\u70b9\uff0c\u5faa\u73af\u76f4\u81f3\u8bbf\u95ee\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u9876\u70b9\n    while (que.length) {\n        const vet = que.shift(); // \u961f\u9996\u9876\u70b9\u51fa\u961f\n        res.push(vet); // \u8bb0\u5f55\u8bbf\u95ee\u9876\u70b9\n        // \u904d\u5386\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\n        for (const adjVet of graph.adjList.get(vet) ?? []) {\n            if (visited.has(adjVet)) {\n                continue; // \u8df3\u8fc7\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u9876\u70b9\n            }\n            que.push(adjVet); // \u53ea\u5165\u961f\u672a\u8bbf\u95ee\n            visited.add(adjVet); // \u6807\u8bb0\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\n        }\n    }\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u9876\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\n    return res;\n}\n
    graph_bfs.dart
    /* \u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 */\nList<Vertex> graphBFS(GraphAdjList graph, Vertex startVet) {\n  // \u4f7f\u7528\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u6765\u8868\u793a\u56fe\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u83b7\u53d6\u6307\u5b9a\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\n  // \u9876\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\n  List<Vertex> res = [];\n  // \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u9876\u70b9\n  Set<Vertex> visited = {};\n  visited.add(startVet);\n  // \u961f\u5217\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0 BFS\n  Queue<Vertex> que = Queue();\n  que.add(startVet);\n  // \u4ee5\u9876\u70b9 vet \u4e3a\u8d77\u70b9\uff0c\u5faa\u73af\u76f4\u81f3\u8bbf\u95ee\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u9876\u70b9\n  while (que.isNotEmpty) {\n    Vertex vet = que.removeFirst(); // \u961f\u9996\u9876\u70b9\u51fa\u961f\n    res.add(vet); // \u8bb0\u5f55\u8bbf\u95ee\u9876\u70b9\n    // \u904d\u5386\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\n    for (Vertex adjVet in graph.adjList[vet]!) {\n      if (visited.contains(adjVet)) {\n        continue; // \u8df3\u8fc7\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u9876\u70b9\n      }\n      que.add(adjVet); // \u53ea\u5165\u961f\u672a\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u9876\u70b9\n      visited.add(adjVet); // \u6807\u8bb0\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\n    }\n  }\n  // \u8fd4\u56de\u9876\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\n  return res;\n}\n
    graph_bfs.rs
    /* \u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 */\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u6765\u8868\u793a\u56fe\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u83b7\u53d6\u6307\u5b9a\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\nfn graph_bfs(graph: GraphAdjList, start_vet: Vertex) -> Vec<Vertex> {\n    // \u9876\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\n    let mut res = vec![];\n    // \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u9876\u70b9\n    let mut visited = HashSet::new();\n    visited.insert(start_vet);\n    // \u961f\u5217\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0 BFS\n    let mut que = VecDeque::new();\n    que.push_back(start_vet);\n    // \u4ee5\u9876\u70b9 vet \u4e3a\u8d77\u70b9\uff0c\u5faa\u73af\u76f4\u81f3\u8bbf\u95ee\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u9876\u70b9\n    while !que.is_empty() {\n        let vet = que.pop_front().unwrap(); // \u961f\u9996\u9876\u70b9\u51fa\u961f\n        res.push(vet); // \u8bb0\u5f55\u8bbf\u95ee\u9876\u70b9\n                    // \u904d\u5386\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\n        if let Some(adj_vets) = graph.adj_list.get(&vet) {\n            for &adj_vet in adj_vets {\n                if visited.contains(&adj_vet) {\n                    continue; // \u8df3\u8fc7\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u9876\u70b9\n                }\n                que.push_back(adj_vet); // \u53ea\u5165\u961f\u672a\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u9876\u70b9\n                visited.insert(adj_vet); // \u6807\u8bb0\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u9876\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\n    res\n}\n
    graph_bfs.c
    /* \u8282\u70b9\u961f\u5217\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53 */\ntypedef struct {\n    Vertex *vertices[MAX_SIZE];\n    int front, rear, size;\n} Queue;\n\n/* \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570 */\nQueue *newQueue() {\n    Queue *q = (Queue *)malloc(sizeof(Queue));\n    q->front = q->rear = q->size = 0;\n    return q;\n}\n\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nint isEmpty(Queue *q) {\n    return q->size == 0;\n}\n\n/* \u5165\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c */\nvoid enqueue(Queue *q, Vertex *vet) {\n    q->vertices[q->rear] = vet;\n    q->rear = (q->rear + 1) % MAX_SIZE;\n    q->size++;\n}\n\n/* \u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c */\nVertex *dequeue(Queue *q) {\n    Vertex *vet = q->vertices[q->front];\n    q->front = (q->front + 1) % MAX_SIZE;\n    q->size--;\n    return vet;\n}\n\n/* \u68c0\u67e5\u9876\u70b9\u662f\u5426\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee */\nint isVisited(Vertex **visited, int size, Vertex *vet) {\n    // \u904d\u5386\u67e5\u627e\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 O(n) \u65f6\u95f4\n    for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {\n        if (visited[i] == vet)\n            return 1;\n    }\n    return 0;\n}\n\n/* \u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 */\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u6765\u8868\u793a\u56fe\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u83b7\u53d6\u6307\u5b9a\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\nvoid graphBFS(GraphAdjList *graph, Vertex *startVet, Vertex **res, int *resSize, Vertex **visited, int *visitedSize) {\n    // \u961f\u5217\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0 BFS\n    Queue *queue = newQueue();\n    enqueue(queue, startVet);\n    visited[(*visitedSize)++] = startVet;\n    // \u4ee5\u9876\u70b9 vet \u4e3a\u8d77\u70b9\uff0c\u5faa\u73af\u76f4\u81f3\u8bbf\u95ee\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u9876\u70b9\n    while (!isEmpty(queue)) {\n        Vertex *vet = dequeue(queue); // \u961f\u9996\u9876\u70b9\u51fa\u961f\n        res[(*resSize)++] = vet;      // \u8bb0\u5f55\u8bbf\u95ee\u9876\u70b9\n        // \u904d\u5386\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\n        AdjListNode *node = findNode(graph, vet);\n        while (node != NULL) {\n            // \u8df3\u8fc7\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u9876\u70b9\n            if (!isVisited(visited, *visitedSize, node->vertex)) {\n                enqueue(queue, node->vertex);             // \u53ea\u5165\u961f\u672a\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u9876\u70b9\n                visited[(*visitedSize)++] = node->vertex; // \u6807\u8bb0\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\n            }\n            node = node->next;\n        }\n    }\n    // \u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\n    free(queue);\n}\n
    graph_bfs.zig
    [class]{}-[func]{graphBFS}\n

    \u4ee3\u7801\u76f8\u5bf9\u62bd\u8c61\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u5bf9\u7167\u56fe 9-10 \u6765\u52a0\u6df1\u7406\u89e3\u3002

    <1><2><3><4><5><6><7><8><9><10><11>

    \u56fe 9-10 \u00a0 \u56fe\u7684\u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386\u6b65\u9aa4

    \u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u552f\u4e00\uff1f

    \u4e0d\u552f\u4e00\u3002\u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386\u53ea\u8981\u6c42\u6309\u201c\u7531\u8fd1\u53ca\u8fdc\u201d\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u800c\u591a\u4e2a\u76f8\u540c\u8ddd\u79bb\u7684\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u904d\u5386\u987a\u5e8f\u5141\u8bb8\u88ab\u4efb\u610f\u6253\u4e71\u3002\u4ee5\u56fe 9-10 \u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u9876\u70b9 \\(1\\)\u3001\\(3\\) \u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u987a\u5e8f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ea4\u6362\uff0c\u9876\u70b9 \\(2\\)\u3001\\(4\\)\u3001\\(6\\) \u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u987a\u5e8f\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4efb\u610f\u4ea4\u6362\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_graph/graph_traversal/#2","title":"2. \u00a0 \u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5206\u6790","text":"

    \u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u6240\u6709\u9876\u70b9\u90fd\u4f1a\u5165\u961f\u5e76\u51fa\u961f\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(|V|)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\uff1b\u5728\u904d\u5386\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u662f\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6240\u6709\u8fb9\u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee \\(2\\) \u6b21\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(2|E|)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\uff1b\u603b\u4f53\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(|V| + |E|)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u3002

    \u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u5217\u8868 res \uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 visited \uff0c\u961f\u5217 que \u4e2d\u7684\u9876\u70b9\u6570\u91cf\u6700\u591a\u4e3a \\(|V|\\) \uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(|V|)\\) \u7a7a\u95f4\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_graph/graph_traversal/#932","title":"9.3.2 \u00a0 \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386","text":"

    \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4f18\u5148\u8d70\u5230\u5e95\u3001\u65e0\u8def\u53ef\u8d70\u518d\u56de\u5934\u7684\u904d\u5386\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u5982\u56fe 9-11 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u4ece\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u9876\u70b9\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u8bbf\u95ee\u5f53\u524d\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u67d0\u4e2a\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u8d70\u5230\u5c3d\u5934\u65f6\u8fd4\u56de\uff0c\u518d\u7ee7\u7eed\u8d70\u5230\u5c3d\u5934\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u7c7b\u63a8\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u6240\u6709\u9876\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5b8c\u6210\u3002

    \u56fe 9-11 \u00a0 \u56fe\u7684\u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386

    "},{"location":"chapter_graph/graph_traversal/#1_1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u7b97\u6cd5\u5b9e\u73b0","text":"

    \u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u8d70\u5230\u5c3d\u5934\u518d\u8fd4\u56de\u201d\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u8303\u5f0f\u901a\u5e38\u57fa\u4e8e\u9012\u5f52\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u4e0e\u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u5728\u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u501f\u52a9\u4e00\u4e2a\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 visited \u6765\u8bb0\u5f55\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u9876\u70b9\uff0c\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u91cd\u590d\u8bbf\u95ee\u9876\u70b9\u3002

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig graph_dfs.py
    def dfs(graph: GraphAdjList, visited: set[Vertex], res: list[Vertex], vet: Vertex):\n    \"\"\"\u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386\u8f85\u52a9\u51fd\u6570\"\"\"\n    res.append(vet)  # \u8bb0\u5f55\u8bbf\u95ee\u9876\u70b9\n    visited.add(vet)  # \u6807\u8bb0\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\n    # \u904d\u5386\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\n    for adjVet in graph.adj_list[vet]:\n        if adjVet in visited:\n            continue  # \u8df3\u8fc7\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u9876\u70b9\n        # \u9012\u5f52\u8bbf\u95ee\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\n        dfs(graph, visited, res, adjVet)\n\ndef graph_dfs(graph: GraphAdjList, start_vet: Vertex) -> list[Vertex]:\n    \"\"\"\u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386\"\"\"\n    # \u4f7f\u7528\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u6765\u8868\u793a\u56fe\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u83b7\u53d6\u6307\u5b9a\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\n    # \u9876\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\n    res = []\n    # \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u9876\u70b9\n    visited = set[Vertex]()\n    dfs(graph, visited, res, start_vet)\n    return res\n
    graph_dfs.cpp
    /* \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386\u8f85\u52a9\u51fd\u6570 */\nvoid dfs(GraphAdjList &graph, unordered_set<Vertex *> &visited, vector<Vertex *> &res, Vertex *vet) {\n    res.push_back(vet);   // \u8bb0\u5f55\u8bbf\u95ee\u9876\u70b9\n    visited.emplace(vet); // \u6807\u8bb0\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\n    // \u904d\u5386\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\n    for (Vertex *adjVet : graph.adjList[vet]) {\n        if (visited.count(adjVet))\n            continue; // \u8df3\u8fc7\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u9876\u70b9\n        // \u9012\u5f52\u8bbf\u95ee\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\n        dfs(graph, visited, res, adjVet);\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 */\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u6765\u8868\u793a\u56fe\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u83b7\u53d6\u6307\u5b9a\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\nvector<Vertex *> graphDFS(GraphAdjList &graph, Vertex *startVet) {\n    // \u9876\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\n    vector<Vertex *> res;\n    // \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u9876\u70b9\n    unordered_set<Vertex *> visited;\n    dfs(graph, visited, res, startVet);\n    return res;\n}\n
    graph_dfs.java
    /* \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386\u8f85\u52a9\u51fd\u6570 */\nvoid dfs(GraphAdjList graph, Set<Vertex> visited, List<Vertex> res, Vertex vet) {\n    res.add(vet);     // \u8bb0\u5f55\u8bbf\u95ee\u9876\u70b9\n    visited.add(vet); // \u6807\u8bb0\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\n    // \u904d\u5386\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\n    for (Vertex adjVet : graph.adjList.get(vet)) {\n        if (visited.contains(adjVet))\n            continue; // \u8df3\u8fc7\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u9876\u70b9\n        // \u9012\u5f52\u8bbf\u95ee\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\n        dfs(graph, visited, res, adjVet);\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 */\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u6765\u8868\u793a\u56fe\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u83b7\u53d6\u6307\u5b9a\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\nList<Vertex> graphDFS(GraphAdjList graph, Vertex startVet) {\n    // \u9876\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\n    List<Vertex> res = new ArrayList<>();\n    // \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u9876\u70b9\n    Set<Vertex> visited = new HashSet<>();\n    dfs(graph, visited, res, startVet);\n    return res;\n}\n
    graph_dfs.cs
    /* \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386\u8f85\u52a9\u51fd\u6570 */\nvoid DFS(GraphAdjList graph, HashSet<Vertex> visited, List<Vertex> res, Vertex vet) {\n    res.Add(vet);     // \u8bb0\u5f55\u8bbf\u95ee\u9876\u70b9\n    visited.Add(vet); // \u6807\u8bb0\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\n    // \u904d\u5386\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\n    foreach (Vertex adjVet in graph.adjList[vet]) {\n        if (visited.Contains(adjVet)) {\n            continue; // \u8df3\u8fc7\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u9876\u70b9                             \n        }\n        // \u9012\u5f52\u8bbf\u95ee\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\n        DFS(graph, visited, res, adjVet);\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 */\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u6765\u8868\u793a\u56fe\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u83b7\u53d6\u6307\u5b9a\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\nList<Vertex> GraphDFS(GraphAdjList graph, Vertex startVet) {\n    // \u9876\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\n    List<Vertex> res = [];\n    // \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u9876\u70b9\n    HashSet<Vertex> visited = [];\n    DFS(graph, visited, res, startVet);\n    return res;\n}\n
    graph_dfs.go
    /* \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386\u8f85\u52a9\u51fd\u6570 */\nfunc dfs(g *graphAdjList, visited map[Vertex]struct{}, res *[]Vertex, vet Vertex) {\n    // append \u64cd\u4f5c\u4f1a\u8fd4\u56de\u65b0\u7684\u7684\u5f15\u7528\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u8ba9\u539f\u5f15\u7528\u91cd\u65b0\u8d4b\u503c\u4e3a\u65b0slice\u7684\u5f15\u7528\n    *res = append(*res, vet)\n    visited[vet] = struct{}{}\n    // \u904d\u5386\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\n    for _, adjVet := range g.adjList[vet] {\n        _, isExist := visited[adjVet]\n        // \u9012\u5f52\u8bbf\u95ee\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\n        if !isExist {\n            dfs(g, visited, res, adjVet)\n        }\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 */\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u6765\u8868\u793a\u56fe\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u83b7\u53d6\u6307\u5b9a\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\nfunc graphDFS(g *graphAdjList, startVet Vertex) []Vertex {\n    // \u9876\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\n    res := make([]Vertex, 0)\n    // \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u9876\u70b9\n    visited := make(map[Vertex]struct{})\n    dfs(g, visited, &res, startVet)\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u9876\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\n    return res\n}\n
    graph_dfs.swift
    /* \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386\u8f85\u52a9\u51fd\u6570 */\nfunc dfs(graph: GraphAdjList, visited: inout Set<Vertex>, res: inout [Vertex], vet: Vertex) {\n    res.append(vet) // \u8bb0\u5f55\u8bbf\u95ee\u9876\u70b9\n    visited.insert(vet) // \u6807\u8bb0\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\n    // \u904d\u5386\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\n    for adjVet in graph.adjList[vet] ?? [] {\n        if visited.contains(adjVet) {\n            continue // \u8df3\u8fc7\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u9876\u70b9\n        }\n        // \u9012\u5f52\u8bbf\u95ee\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\n        dfs(graph: graph, visited: &visited, res: &res, vet: adjVet)\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 */\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u6765\u8868\u793a\u56fe\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u83b7\u53d6\u6307\u5b9a\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\nfunc graphDFS(graph: GraphAdjList, startVet: Vertex) -> [Vertex] {\n    // \u9876\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\n    var res: [Vertex] = []\n    // \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u9876\u70b9\n    var visited: Set<Vertex> = []\n    dfs(graph: graph, visited: &visited, res: &res, vet: startVet)\n    return res\n}\n
    graph_dfs.js
    /* \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 */\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u6765\u8868\u793a\u56fe\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u83b7\u53d6\u6307\u5b9a\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\nfunction dfs(graph, visited, res, vet) {\n    res.push(vet); // \u8bb0\u5f55\u8bbf\u95ee\u9876\u70b9\n    visited.add(vet); // \u6807\u8bb0\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\n    // \u904d\u5386\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\n    for (const adjVet of graph.adjList.get(vet)) {\n        if (visited.has(adjVet)) {\n            continue; // \u8df3\u8fc7\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u9876\u70b9\n        }\n        // \u9012\u5f52\u8bbf\u95ee\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\n        dfs(graph, visited, res, adjVet);\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 */\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u6765\u8868\u793a\u56fe\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u83b7\u53d6\u6307\u5b9a\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\nfunction graphDFS(graph, startVet) {\n    // \u9876\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\n    const res = [];\n    // \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u9876\u70b9\n    const visited = new Set();\n    dfs(graph, visited, res, startVet);\n    return res;\n}\n
    graph_dfs.ts
    /* \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386\u8f85\u52a9\u51fd\u6570 */\nfunction dfs(\n    graph: GraphAdjList,\n    visited: Set<Vertex>,\n    res: Vertex[],\n    vet: Vertex\n): void {\n    res.push(vet); // \u8bb0\u5f55\u8bbf\u95ee\u9876\u70b9\n    visited.add(vet); // \u6807\u8bb0\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\n    // \u904d\u5386\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\n    for (const adjVet of graph.adjList.get(vet)) {\n        if (visited.has(adjVet)) {\n            continue; // \u8df3\u8fc7\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u9876\u70b9\n        }\n        // \u9012\u5f52\u8bbf\u95ee\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\n        dfs(graph, visited, res, adjVet);\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 */\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u6765\u8868\u793a\u56fe\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u83b7\u53d6\u6307\u5b9a\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\nfunction graphDFS(graph: GraphAdjList, startVet: Vertex): Vertex[] {\n    // \u9876\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\n    const res: Vertex[] = [];\n    // \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u9876\u70b9\n    const visited: Set<Vertex> = new Set();\n    dfs(graph, visited, res, startVet);\n    return res;\n}\n
    graph_dfs.dart
    /* \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386\u8f85\u52a9\u51fd\u6570 */\nvoid dfs(\n  GraphAdjList graph,\n  Set<Vertex> visited,\n  List<Vertex> res,\n  Vertex vet,\n) {\n  res.add(vet); // \u8bb0\u5f55\u8bbf\u95ee\u9876\u70b9\n  visited.add(vet); // \u6807\u8bb0\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\n  // \u904d\u5386\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\n  for (Vertex adjVet in graph.adjList[vet]!) {\n    if (visited.contains(adjVet)) {\n      continue; // \u8df3\u8fc7\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u9876\u70b9\n    }\n    // \u9012\u5f52\u8bbf\u95ee\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\n    dfs(graph, visited, res, adjVet);\n  }\n}\n\n/* \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 */\nList<Vertex> graphDFS(GraphAdjList graph, Vertex startVet) {\n  // \u9876\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\n  List<Vertex> res = [];\n  // \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u9876\u70b9\n  Set<Vertex> visited = {};\n  dfs(graph, visited, res, startVet);\n  return res;\n}\n
    graph_dfs.rs
    /* \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386\u8f85\u52a9\u51fd\u6570 */\nfn dfs(graph: &GraphAdjList, visited: &mut HashSet<Vertex>, res: &mut Vec<Vertex>, vet: Vertex) {\n    res.push(vet); // \u8bb0\u5f55\u8bbf\u95ee\u9876\u70b9\n    visited.insert(vet); // \u6807\u8bb0\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\n                         // \u904d\u5386\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\n    if let Some(adj_vets) = graph.adj_list.get(&vet) {\n        for &adj_vet in adj_vets {\n            if visited.contains(&adj_vet) {\n                continue; // \u8df3\u8fc7\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u9876\u70b9\n            }\n            // \u9012\u5f52\u8bbf\u95ee\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\n            dfs(graph, visited, res, adj_vet);\n        }\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 */\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u6765\u8868\u793a\u56fe\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u83b7\u53d6\u6307\u5b9a\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\nfn graph_dfs(graph: GraphAdjList, start_vet: Vertex) -> Vec<Vertex> {\n    // \u9876\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\n    let mut res = vec![];\n    // \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u9876\u70b9\n    let mut visited = HashSet::new();\n    dfs(&graph, &mut visited, &mut res, start_vet);\n\n    res\n}\n
    graph_dfs.c
    /* \u68c0\u67e5\u9876\u70b9\u662f\u5426\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee */\nint isVisited(Vertex **res, int size, Vertex *vet) {\n    // \u904d\u5386\u67e5\u627e\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 O(n) \u65f6\u95f4\n    for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {\n        if (res[i] == vet) {\n            return 1;\n        }\n    }\n    return 0;\n}\n\n/* \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386\u8f85\u52a9\u51fd\u6570 */\nvoid dfs(GraphAdjList *graph, Vertex **res, int *resSize, Vertex *vet) {\n    // \u8bb0\u5f55\u8bbf\u95ee\u9876\u70b9\n    res[(*resSize)++] = vet;\n    // \u904d\u5386\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\n    AdjListNode *node = findNode(graph, vet);\n    while (node != NULL) {\n        // \u8df3\u8fc7\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u9876\u70b9\n        if (!isVisited(res, *resSize, node->vertex)) {\n            // \u9012\u5f52\u8bbf\u95ee\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\n            dfs(graph, res, resSize, node->vertex);\n        }\n        node = node->next;\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 */\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u6765\u8868\u793a\u56fe\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u83b7\u53d6\u6307\u5b9a\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\nvoid graphDFS(GraphAdjList *graph, Vertex *startVet, Vertex **res, int *resSize) {\n    dfs(graph, res, resSize, startVet);\n}\n
    graph_dfs.zig
    [class]{}-[func]{dfs}\n\n[class]{}-[func]{graphDFS}\n

    \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u6d41\u7a0b\u5982\u56fe 9-12 \u6240\u793a\u3002

    • \u76f4\u865a\u7ebf\u4ee3\u8868\u5411\u4e0b\u9012\u63a8\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u5f00\u542f\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u9012\u5f52\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b0\u9876\u70b9\u3002
    • \u66f2\u865a\u7ebf\u4ee3\u8868\u5411\u4e0a\u56de\u6eaf\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u6b64\u9012\u5f52\u65b9\u6cd5\u5df2\u7ecf\u8fd4\u56de\uff0c\u56de\u6eaf\u5230\u4e86\u5f00\u542f\u6b64\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002

    \u4e3a\u4e86\u52a0\u6df1\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u5c06\u56fe 9-12 \u4e0e\u4ee3\u7801\u7ed3\u5408\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u5728\u8111\u4e2d\u6a21\u62df\uff08\u6216\u8005\u7528\u7b14\u753b\u4e0b\u6765\uff09\u6574\u4e2a DFS \u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6bcf\u4e2a\u9012\u5f52\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f55\u65f6\u5f00\u542f\u3001\u4f55\u65f6\u8fd4\u56de\u3002

    <1><2><3><4><5><6><7><8><9><10><11>

    \u56fe 9-12 \u00a0 \u56fe\u7684\u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386\u6b65\u9aa4

    \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u552f\u4e00\uff1f

    \u4e0e\u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u3002\u7ed9\u5b9a\u67d0\u9876\u70b9\uff0c\u5148\u5f80\u54ea\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411\u63a2\u7d22\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\uff0c\u5373\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4efb\u610f\u6253\u4e71\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386\u3002

    \u4ee5\u6811\u7684\u904d\u5386\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u201c\u6839 \\(\\rightarrow\\) \u5de6 \\(\\rightarrow\\) \u53f3\u201d\u201c\u5de6 \\(\\rightarrow\\) \u6839 \\(\\rightarrow\\) \u53f3\u201d\u201c\u5de6 \\(\\rightarrow\\) \u53f3 \\(\\rightarrow\\) \u6839\u201d\u5206\u522b\u5bf9\u5e94\u524d\u5e8f\u3001\u4e2d\u5e8f\u3001\u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u4e09\u79cd\u904d\u5386\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u8fd9\u4e09\u8005\u90fd\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_graph/graph_traversal/#2_1","title":"2. \u00a0 \u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5206\u6790","text":"

    \u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u6240\u6709\u9876\u70b9\u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee \\(1\\) \u6b21\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(|V|)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\uff1b\u6240\u6709\u8fb9\u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee \\(2\\) \u6b21\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(2|E|)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\uff1b\u603b\u4f53\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(|V| + |E|)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u3002

    \u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u5217\u8868 res \uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 visited \u9876\u70b9\u6570\u91cf\u6700\u591a\u4e3a \\(|V|\\) \uff0c\u9012\u5f52\u6df1\u5ea6\u6700\u5927\u4e3a \\(|V|\\) \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(|V|)\\) \u7a7a\u95f4\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_graph/summary/","title":"9.4 \u00a0 \u5c0f\u7ed3","text":""},{"location":"chapter_graph/summary/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u91cd\u70b9\u56de\u987e","text":"
    • \u56fe\u7531\u9876\u70b9\u548c\u8fb9\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8868\u793a\u4e3a\u4e00\u7ec4\u9876\u70b9\u548c\u4e00\u7ec4\u8fb9\u6784\u6210\u7684\u96c6\u5408\u3002
    • \u76f8\u8f83\u4e8e\u7ebf\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\uff08\u94fe\u8868\uff09\u548c\u5206\u6cbb\u5173\u7cfb\uff08\u6811\uff09\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u5173\u7cfb\uff08\u56fe\uff09\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u5ea6\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u66f4\u4e3a\u590d\u6742\u3002
    • \u6709\u5411\u56fe\u7684\u8fb9\u5177\u6709\u65b9\u5411\u6027\uff0c\u8fde\u901a\u56fe\u4e2d\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u9876\u70b9\u5747\u53ef\u8fbe\uff0c\u6709\u6743\u56fe\u7684\u6bcf\u6761\u8fb9\u90fd\u5305\u542b\u6743\u91cd\u53d8\u91cf\u3002
    • \u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u5229\u7528\u77e9\u9635\u6765\u8868\u793a\u56fe\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u884c\uff08\u5217\uff09\u4ee3\u8868\u4e00\u4e2a\u9876\u70b9\uff0c\u77e9\u9635\u5143\u7d20\u4ee3\u8868\u8fb9\uff0c\u7528 \\(1\\) \u6216 \\(0\\) \u8868\u793a\u4e24\u4e2a\u9876\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u6709\u8fb9\u6216\u65e0\u8fb9\u3002\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u5728\u589e\u5220\u67e5\u6539\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e0a\u6548\u7387\u5f88\u9ad8\uff0c\u4f46\u7a7a\u95f4\u5360\u7528\u8f83\u591a\u3002
    • \u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u4e2a\u94fe\u8868\u6765\u8868\u793a\u56fe\uff0c\u7b2c \\(i\\) \u4e2a\u94fe\u8868\u5bf9\u5e94\u9876\u70b9 \\(i\\) \uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5b58\u50a8\u4e86\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\u3002\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u66f4\u52a0\u8282\u7701\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u904d\u5386\u94fe\u8868\u6765\u67e5\u627e\u8fb9\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u65f6\u95f4\u6548\u7387\u8f83\u4f4e\u3002
    • \u5f53\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u94fe\u8868\u8fc7\u957f\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u5176\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u7ea2\u9ed1\u6811\u6216\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63d0\u5347\u67e5\u8be2\u6548\u7387\u3002
    • \u4ece\u7b97\u6cd5\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u201c\u4ee5\u7a7a\u95f4\u6362\u65f6\u95f4\u201d\uff0c\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u201c\u4ee5\u65f6\u95f4\u6362\u7a7a\u95f4\u201d\u3002
    • \u56fe\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u5efa\u6a21\u5404\u7c7b\u73b0\u5b9e\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5982\u793e\u4ea4\u7f51\u7edc\u3001\u5730\u94c1\u7ebf\u8def\u7b49\u3002
    • \u6811\u662f\u56fe\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u4f8b\uff0c\u6811\u7684\u904d\u5386\u4e5f\u662f\u56fe\u7684\u904d\u5386\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u4f8b\u3002
    • \u56fe\u7684\u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7531\u8fd1\u53ca\u8fdc\u3001\u5c42\u5c42\u6269\u5f20\u7684\u641c\u7d22\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u501f\u52a9\u961f\u5217\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002
    • \u56fe\u7684\u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4f18\u5148\u8d70\u5230\u5e95\u3001\u65e0\u8def\u53ef\u8d70\u65f6\u518d\u56de\u6eaf\u7684\u641c\u7d22\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5e38\u57fa\u4e8e\u9012\u5f52\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_graph/summary/#2-q-a","title":"2. \u00a0 Q & A","text":"

    \u8def\u5f84\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u662f\u9876\u70b9\u5e8f\u5217\u8fd8\u662f\u8fb9\u5e8f\u5217\uff1f

    \u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u4e0a\u4e0d\u540c\u8bed\u8a00\u7248\u672c\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\uff1a\u82f1\u6587\u7248\u662f\u201c\u8def\u5f84\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fb9\u5e8f\u5217\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u4e2d\u6587\u7248\u662f\u201c\u8def\u5f84\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9876\u70b9\u5e8f\u5217\u201d\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u82f1\u6587\u7248\u539f\u6587\uff1aIn graph theory, a path in a graph is a finite or infinite sequence of edges which joins a sequence of vertices. \u5728\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u8def\u5f84\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fb9\u5e8f\u5217\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9876\u70b9\u5e8f\u5217\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u9876\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u591a\u6761\u8fb9\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u6bcf\u6761\u8fb9\u90fd\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e00\u6761\u8def\u5f84\u3002

    \u975e\u8fde\u901a\u56fe\u4e2d\u662f\u5426\u4f1a\u6709\u65e0\u6cd5\u904d\u5386\u5230\u7684\u70b9\uff1f

    \u5728\u975e\u8fde\u901a\u56fe\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ece\u67d0\u4e2a\u9876\u70b9\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u9876\u70b9\u65e0\u6cd5\u5230\u8fbe\u3002\u904d\u5386\u975e\u8fde\u901a\u56fe\u9700\u8981\u8bbe\u7f6e\u591a\u4e2a\u8d77\u70b9\uff0c\u4ee5\u904d\u5386\u5230\u56fe\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8fde\u901a\u5206\u91cf\u3002

    \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u4e2d\uff0c\u201c\u4e0e\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u76f8\u8fde\u7684\u6240\u6709\u9876\u70b9\u201d\u7684\u9876\u70b9\u987a\u5e8f\u662f\u5426\u6709\u8981\u6c42\uff1f

    \u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4efb\u610f\u987a\u5e8f\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u6309\u7167\u6307\u5b9a\u89c4\u5219\u6765\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u6309\u7167\u9876\u70b9\u6dfb\u52a0\u7684\u6b21\u5e8f\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u6309\u7167\u9876\u70b9\u503c\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u7b49\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u5feb\u901f\u67e5\u627e\u201c\u5e26\u6709\u67d0\u79cd\u6781\u503c\u201d\u7684\u9876\u70b9\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_greedy/","title":"\u7b2c 15 \u7ae0 \u00a0 \u8d2a\u5fc3","text":"

    Abstract

    \u5411\u65e5\u8475\u671d\u7740\u592a\u9633\u8f6c\u52a8\uff0c\u65f6\u523b\u8ffd\u6c42\u81ea\u8eab\u6210\u957f\u7684\u6700\u5927\u53ef\u80fd\u3002

    \u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b56\u7565\u5728\u4e00\u8f6e\u8f6e\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u9009\u62e9\u4e2d\uff0c\u9010\u6b65\u5bfc\u5411\u6700\u4f73\u7b54\u6848\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_greedy/#_1","title":"\u672c\u7ae0\u5185\u5bb9","text":"
    • 15.1 \u00a0 \u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5
    • 15.2 \u00a0 \u5206\u6570\u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898
    • 15.3 \u00a0 \u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\u95ee\u9898
    • 15.4 \u00a0 \u6700\u5927\u5207\u5206\u4e58\u79ef\u95ee\u9898
    • 15.5 \u00a0 \u5c0f\u7ed3
    "},{"location":"chapter_greedy/fractional_knapsack_problem/","title":"15.2 \u00a0 \u5206\u6570\u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898","text":"

    Question

    \u7ed9\u5b9a \\(n\\) \u4e2a\u7269\u54c1\uff0c\u7b2c \\(i\\) \u4e2a\u7269\u54c1\u7684\u91cd\u91cf\u4e3a \\(wgt[i-1]\\)\u3001\u4ef7\u503c\u4e3a \\(val[i-1]\\) \uff0c\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e3a \\(cap\\) \u7684\u80cc\u5305\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7269\u54c1\u53ea\u80fd\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u7269\u54c1\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4ef7\u503c\u6839\u636e\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u91cd\u91cf\u6bd4\u4f8b\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u95ee\u5728\u9650\u5b9a\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e0b\u80cc\u5305\u4e2d\u7269\u54c1\u7684\u6700\u5927\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u793a\u4f8b\u5982\u56fe 15-3 \u6240\u793a\u3002

    \u56fe 15-3 \u00a0 \u5206\u6570\u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u6570\u636e

    \u5206\u6570\u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898\u548c 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898\u6574\u4f53\u4e0a\u975e\u5e38\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u72b6\u6001\u5305\u542b\u5f53\u524d\u7269\u54c1 \\(i\\) \u548c\u5bb9\u91cf \\(c\\) \uff0c\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u6c42\u9650\u5b9a\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e0b\u7684\u6700\u5927\u4ef7\u503c\u3002

    \u4e0d\u540c\u70b9\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u672c\u9898\u5141\u8bb8\u53ea\u9009\u62e9\u7269\u54c1\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u5982\u56fe 15-4 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u7269\u54c1\u4efb\u610f\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u5207\u5206\uff0c\u5e76\u6309\u7167\u91cd\u91cf\u6bd4\u4f8b\u6765\u8ba1\u7b97\u76f8\u5e94\u4ef7\u503c\u3002

    1. \u5bf9\u4e8e\u7269\u54c1 \\(i\\) \uff0c\u5b83\u5728\u5355\u4f4d\u91cd\u91cf\u4e0b\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u4e3a \\(val[i-1] / wgt[i-1]\\) \uff0c\u7b80\u79f0\u5355\u4f4d\u4ef7\u503c\u3002
    2. \u5047\u8bbe\u653e\u5165\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u7269\u54c1 \\(i\\) \uff0c\u91cd\u91cf\u4e3a \\(w\\) \uff0c\u5219\u80cc\u5305\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u4e3a \\(w \\times val[i-1] / wgt[i-1]\\) \u3002

    \u56fe 15-4 \u00a0 \u7269\u54c1\u5728\u5355\u4f4d\u91cd\u91cf\u4e0b\u7684\u4ef7\u503c

    "},{"location":"chapter_greedy/fractional_knapsack_problem/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b56\u7565\u786e\u5b9a","text":"

    \u6700\u5927\u5316\u80cc\u5305\u5185\u7269\u54c1\u603b\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u6700\u5927\u5316\u5355\u4f4d\u91cd\u91cf\u4e0b\u7684\u7269\u54c1\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u7531\u6b64\u4fbf\u53ef\u63a8\u7406\u51fa\u56fe 15-5 \u6240\u793a\u7684\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b56\u7565\u3002

    1. \u5c06\u7269\u54c1\u6309\u7167\u5355\u4f4d\u4ef7\u503c\u4ece\u9ad8\u5230\u4f4e\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\u3002
    2. \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u7269\u54c1\uff0c\u6bcf\u8f6e\u8d2a\u5fc3\u5730\u9009\u62e9\u5355\u4f4d\u4ef7\u503c\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u7269\u54c1\u3002
    3. \u82e5\u5269\u4f59\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u5219\u4f7f\u7528\u5f53\u524d\u7269\u54c1\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u586b\u6ee1\u80cc\u5305\u3002

    \u56fe 15-5 \u00a0 \u5206\u6570\u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b56\u7565

    "},{"location":"chapter_greedy/fractional_knapsack_problem/#2","title":"2. \u00a0 \u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0","text":"

    \u6211\u4eec\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7269\u54c1\u7c7b Item \uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5c06\u7269\u54c1\u6309\u7167\u5355\u4f4d\u4ef7\u503c\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\u3002\u5faa\u73af\u8fdb\u884c\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u5f53\u80cc\u5305\u5df2\u6ee1\u65f6\u8df3\u51fa\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u89e3\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig fractional_knapsack.py
    class Item:\n    \"\"\"\u7269\u54c1\"\"\"\n\n    def __init__(self, w: int, v: int):\n        self.w = w  # \u7269\u54c1\u91cd\u91cf\n        self.v = v  # \u7269\u54c1\u4ef7\u503c\n\ndef fractional_knapsack(wgt: list[int], val: list[int], cap: int) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u5206\u6570\u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3\"\"\"\n    # \u521b\u5efa\u7269\u54c1\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u4e24\u4e2a\u5c5e\u6027\uff1a\u91cd\u91cf\u3001\u4ef7\u503c\n    items = [Item(w, v) for w, v in zip(wgt, val)]\n    # \u6309\u7167\u5355\u4f4d\u4ef7\u503c item.v / item.w \u4ece\u9ad8\u5230\u4f4e\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\n    items.sort(key=lambda item: item.v / item.w, reverse=True)\n    # \u5faa\u73af\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\n    res = 0\n    for item in items:\n        if item.w <= cap:\n            # \u82e5\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\u5145\u8db3\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u7269\u54c1\u6574\u4e2a\u88c5\u8fdb\u80cc\u5305\n            res += item.v\n            cap -= item.w\n        else:\n            # \u82e5\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u7269\u54c1\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u88c5\u8fdb\u80cc\u5305\n            res += (item.v / item.w) * cap\n            # \u5df2\u65e0\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\n            break\n    return res\n
    fractional_knapsack.cpp
    /* \u7269\u54c1 */\nclass Item {\n  public:\n    int w; // \u7269\u54c1\u91cd\u91cf\n    int v; // \u7269\u54c1\u4ef7\u503c\n\n    Item(int w, int v) : w(w), v(v) {\n    }\n};\n\n/* \u5206\u6570\u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3 */\ndouble fractionalKnapsack(vector<int> &wgt, vector<int> &val, int cap) {\n    // \u521b\u5efa\u7269\u54c1\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u4e24\u4e2a\u5c5e\u6027\uff1a\u91cd\u91cf\u3001\u4ef7\u503c\n    vector<Item> items;\n    for (int i = 0; i < wgt.size(); i++) {\n        items.push_back(Item(wgt[i], val[i]));\n    }\n    // \u6309\u7167\u5355\u4f4d\u4ef7\u503c item.v / item.w \u4ece\u9ad8\u5230\u4f4e\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\n    sort(items.begin(), items.end(), [](Item &a, Item &b) { return (double)a.v / a.w > (double)b.v / b.w; });\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\n    double res = 0;\n    for (auto &item : items) {\n        if (item.w <= cap) {\n            // \u82e5\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\u5145\u8db3\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u7269\u54c1\u6574\u4e2a\u88c5\u8fdb\u80cc\u5305\n            res += item.v;\n            cap -= item.w;\n        } else {\n            // \u82e5\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u7269\u54c1\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u88c5\u8fdb\u80cc\u5305\n            res += (double)item.v / item.w * cap;\n            // \u5df2\u65e0\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\n            break;\n        }\n    }\n    return res;\n}\n
    fractional_knapsack.java
    /* \u7269\u54c1 */\nclass Item {\n    int w; // \u7269\u54c1\u91cd\u91cf\n    int v; // \u7269\u54c1\u4ef7\u503c\n\n    public Item(int w, int v) {\n        this.w = w;\n        this.v = v;\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u5206\u6570\u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3 */\ndouble fractionalKnapsack(int[] wgt, int[] val, int cap) {\n    // \u521b\u5efa\u7269\u54c1\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u4e24\u4e2a\u5c5e\u6027\uff1a\u91cd\u91cf\u3001\u4ef7\u503c\n    Item[] items = new Item[wgt.length];\n    for (int i = 0; i < wgt.length; i++) {\n        items[i] = new Item(wgt[i], val[i]);\n    }\n    // \u6309\u7167\u5355\u4f4d\u4ef7\u503c item.v / item.w \u4ece\u9ad8\u5230\u4f4e\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\n    Arrays.sort(items, Comparator.comparingDouble(item -> -((double) item.v / item.w)));\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\n    double res = 0;\n    for (Item item : items) {\n        if (item.w <= cap) {\n            // \u82e5\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\u5145\u8db3\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u7269\u54c1\u6574\u4e2a\u88c5\u8fdb\u80cc\u5305\n            res += item.v;\n            cap -= item.w;\n        } else {\n            // \u82e5\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u7269\u54c1\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u88c5\u8fdb\u80cc\u5305\n            res += (double) item.v / item.w * cap;\n            // \u5df2\u65e0\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\n            break;\n        }\n    }\n    return res;\n}\n
    fractional_knapsack.cs
    /* \u7269\u54c1 */\nclass Item(int w, int v) {\n    public int w = w; // \u7269\u54c1\u91cd\u91cf\n    public int v = v; // \u7269\u54c1\u4ef7\u503c\n}\n\n/* \u5206\u6570\u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3 */\ndouble FractionalKnapsack(int[] wgt, int[] val, int cap) {\n    // \u521b\u5efa\u7269\u54c1\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u4e24\u4e2a\u5c5e\u6027\uff1a\u91cd\u91cf\u3001\u4ef7\u503c\n    Item[] items = new Item[wgt.Length];\n    for (int i = 0; i < wgt.Length; i++) {\n        items[i] = new Item(wgt[i], val[i]);\n    }\n    // \u6309\u7167\u5355\u4f4d\u4ef7\u503c item.v / item.w \u4ece\u9ad8\u5230\u4f4e\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\n    Array.Sort(items, (x, y) => (y.v / y.w).CompareTo(x.v / x.w));\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\n    double res = 0;\n    foreach (Item item in items) {\n        if (item.w <= cap) {\n            // \u82e5\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\u5145\u8db3\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u7269\u54c1\u6574\u4e2a\u88c5\u8fdb\u80cc\u5305\n            res += item.v;\n            cap -= item.w;\n        } else {\n            // \u82e5\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u7269\u54c1\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u88c5\u8fdb\u80cc\u5305\n            res += (double)item.v / item.w * cap;\n            // \u5df2\u65e0\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\n            break;\n        }\n    }\n    return res;\n}\n
    fractional_knapsack.go
    /* \u7269\u54c1 */\ntype Item struct {\n    w int // \u7269\u54c1\u91cd\u91cf\n    v int // \u7269\u54c1\u4ef7\u503c\n}\n\n/* \u5206\u6570\u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3 */\nfunc fractionalKnapsack(wgt []int, val []int, cap int) float64 {\n    // \u521b\u5efa\u7269\u54c1\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u4e24\u4e2a\u5c5e\u6027\uff1a\u91cd\u91cf\u3001\u4ef7\u503c\n    items := make([]Item, len(wgt))\n    for i := 0; i < len(wgt); i++ {\n        items[i] = Item{wgt[i], val[i]}\n    }\n    // \u6309\u7167\u5355\u4f4d\u4ef7\u503c item.v / item.w \u4ece\u9ad8\u5230\u4f4e\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\n    sort.Slice(items, func(i, j int) bool {\n        return float64(items[i].v)/float64(items[i].w) > float64(items[j].v)/float64(items[j].w)\n    })\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\n    res := 0.0\n    for _, item := range items {\n        if item.w <= cap {\n            // \u82e5\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\u5145\u8db3\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u7269\u54c1\u6574\u4e2a\u88c5\u8fdb\u80cc\u5305\n            res += float64(item.v)\n            cap -= item.w\n        } else {\n            // \u82e5\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u7269\u54c1\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u88c5\u8fdb\u80cc\u5305\n            res += float64(item.v) / float64(item.w) * float64(cap)\n            // \u5df2\u65e0\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\n            break\n        }\n    }\n    return res\n}\n
    fractional_knapsack.swift
    /* \u7269\u54c1 */\nclass Item {\n    var w: Int // \u7269\u54c1\u91cd\u91cf\n    var v: Int // \u7269\u54c1\u4ef7\u503c\n\n    init(w: Int, v: Int) {\n        self.w = w\n        self.v = v\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u5206\u6570\u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3 */\nfunc fractionalKnapsack(wgt: [Int], val: [Int], cap: Int) -> Double {\n    // \u521b\u5efa\u7269\u54c1\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u4e24\u4e2a\u5c5e\u6027\uff1a\u91cd\u91cf\u3001\u4ef7\u503c\n    var items = zip(wgt, val).map { Item(w: $0, v: $1) }\n    // \u6309\u7167\u5355\u4f4d\u4ef7\u503c item.v / item.w \u4ece\u9ad8\u5230\u4f4e\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\n    items.sort(by: { -(Double($0.v) / Double($0.w)) < -(Double($1.v) / Double($1.w)) })\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\n    var res = 0.0\n    var cap = cap\n    for item in items {\n        if item.w <= cap {\n            // \u82e5\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\u5145\u8db3\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u7269\u54c1\u6574\u4e2a\u88c5\u8fdb\u80cc\u5305\n            res += Double(item.v)\n            cap -= item.w\n        } else {\n            // \u82e5\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u7269\u54c1\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u88c5\u8fdb\u80cc\u5305\n            res += Double(item.v) / Double(item.w) * Double(cap)\n            // \u5df2\u65e0\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\n            break\n        }\n    }\n    return res\n}\n
    fractional_knapsack.js
    /* \u7269\u54c1 */\nclass Item {\n    constructor(w, v) {\n        this.w = w; // \u7269\u54c1\u91cd\u91cf\n        this.v = v; // \u7269\u54c1\u4ef7\u503c\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u5206\u6570\u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3 */\nfunction fractionalKnapsack(wgt, val, cap) {\n    // \u521b\u5efa\u7269\u54c1\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u4e24\u4e2a\u5c5e\u6027\uff1a\u91cd\u91cf\u3001\u4ef7\u503c\n    const items = wgt.map((w, i) => new Item(w, val[i]));\n    // \u6309\u7167\u5355\u4f4d\u4ef7\u503c item.v / item.w \u4ece\u9ad8\u5230\u4f4e\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\n    items.sort((a, b) => b.v / b.w - a.v / a.w);\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\n    let res = 0;\n    for (const item of items) {\n        if (item.w <= cap) {\n            // \u82e5\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\u5145\u8db3\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u7269\u54c1\u6574\u4e2a\u88c5\u8fdb\u80cc\u5305\n            res += item.v;\n            cap -= item.w;\n        } else {\n            // \u82e5\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u7269\u54c1\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u88c5\u8fdb\u80cc\u5305\n            res += (item.v / item.w) * cap;\n            // \u5df2\u65e0\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\n            break;\n        }\n    }\n    return res;\n}\n
    fractional_knapsack.ts
    /* \u7269\u54c1 */\nclass Item {\n    w: number; // \u7269\u54c1\u91cd\u91cf\n    v: number; // \u7269\u54c1\u4ef7\u503c\n\n    constructor(w: number, v: number) {\n        this.w = w;\n        this.v = v;\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u5206\u6570\u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3 */\nfunction fractionalKnapsack(wgt: number[], val: number[], cap: number): number {\n    // \u521b\u5efa\u7269\u54c1\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u4e24\u4e2a\u5c5e\u6027\uff1a\u91cd\u91cf\u3001\u4ef7\u503c\n    const items: Item[] = wgt.map((w, i) => new Item(w, val[i]));\n    // \u6309\u7167\u5355\u4f4d\u4ef7\u503c item.v / item.w \u4ece\u9ad8\u5230\u4f4e\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\n    items.sort((a, b) => b.v / b.w - a.v / a.w);\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\n    let res = 0;\n    for (const item of items) {\n        if (item.w <= cap) {\n            // \u82e5\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\u5145\u8db3\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u7269\u54c1\u6574\u4e2a\u88c5\u8fdb\u80cc\u5305\n            res += item.v;\n            cap -= item.w;\n        } else {\n            // \u82e5\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u7269\u54c1\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u88c5\u8fdb\u80cc\u5305\n            res += (item.v / item.w) * cap;\n            // \u5df2\u65e0\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\n            break;\n        }\n    }\n    return res;\n}\n
    fractional_knapsack.dart
    /* \u7269\u54c1 */\nclass Item {\n  int w; // \u7269\u54c1\u91cd\u91cf\n  int v; // \u7269\u54c1\u4ef7\u503c\n\n  Item(this.w, this.v);\n}\n\n/* \u5206\u6570\u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3 */\ndouble fractionalKnapsack(List<int> wgt, List<int> val, int cap) {\n  // \u521b\u5efa\u7269\u54c1\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u4e24\u4e2a\u5c5e\u6027\uff1a\u91cd\u91cf\u3001\u4ef7\u503c\n  List<Item> items = List.generate(wgt.length, (i) => Item(wgt[i], val[i]));\n  // \u6309\u7167\u5355\u4f4d\u4ef7\u503c item.v / item.w \u4ece\u9ad8\u5230\u4f4e\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\n  items.sort((a, b) => (b.v / b.w).compareTo(a.v / a.w));\n  // \u5faa\u73af\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\n  double res = 0;\n  for (Item item in items) {\n    if (item.w <= cap) {\n      // \u82e5\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\u5145\u8db3\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u7269\u54c1\u6574\u4e2a\u88c5\u8fdb\u80cc\u5305\n      res += item.v;\n      cap -= item.w;\n    } else {\n      // \u82e5\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u7269\u54c1\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u88c5\u8fdb\u80cc\u5305\n      res += item.v / item.w * cap;\n      // \u5df2\u65e0\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\n      break;\n    }\n  }\n  return res;\n}\n
    fractional_knapsack.rs
    /* \u7269\u54c1 */\nstruct Item {\n    w: i32, // \u7269\u54c1\u91cd\u91cf\n    v: i32, // \u7269\u54c1\u4ef7\u503c\n}\n\nimpl Item {\n    fn new(w: i32, v: i32) -> Self {\n        Self { w, v }\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u5206\u6570\u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3 */\nfn fractional_knapsack(wgt: &[i32], val: &[i32], mut cap: i32) -> f64 {\n    // \u521b\u5efa\u7269\u54c1\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u4e24\u4e2a\u5c5e\u6027\uff1a\u91cd\u91cf\u3001\u4ef7\u503c\n    let mut items = wgt\n        .iter()\n        .zip(val.iter())\n        .map(|(&w, &v)| Item::new(w, v))\n        .collect::<Vec<Item>>();\n    // \u6309\u7167\u5355\u4f4d\u4ef7\u503c item.v / item.w \u4ece\u9ad8\u5230\u4f4e\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\n    items.sort_by(|a, b| {\n        (b.v as f64 / b.w as f64)\n            .partial_cmp(&(a.v as f64 / a.w as f64))\n            .unwrap()\n    });\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\n    let mut res = 0.0;\n    for item in &items {\n        if item.w <= cap {\n            // \u82e5\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\u5145\u8db3\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u7269\u54c1\u6574\u4e2a\u88c5\u8fdb\u80cc\u5305\n            res += item.v as f64;\n            cap -= item.w;\n        } else {\n            // \u82e5\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u7269\u54c1\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u88c5\u8fdb\u80cc\u5305\n            res += item.v as f64 / item.w as f64 * cap as f64;\n            // \u5df2\u65e0\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\n            break;\n        }\n    }\n    res\n}\n
    fractional_knapsack.c
    /* \u7269\u54c1 */\ntypedef struct {\n    int w; // \u7269\u54c1\u91cd\u91cf\n    int v; // \u7269\u54c1\u4ef7\u503c\n} Item;\n\n/* \u5206\u6570\u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3 */\nfloat fractionalKnapsack(int wgt[], int val[], int itemCount, int cap) {\n    // \u521b\u5efa\u7269\u54c1\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u4e24\u4e2a\u5c5e\u6027\uff1a\u91cd\u91cf\u3001\u4ef7\u503c\n    Item *items = malloc(sizeof(Item) * itemCount);\n    for (int i = 0; i < itemCount; i++) {\n        items[i] = (Item){.w = wgt[i], .v = val[i]};\n    }\n    // \u6309\u7167\u5355\u4f4d\u4ef7\u503c item.v / item.w \u4ece\u9ad8\u5230\u4f4e\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\n    qsort(items, (size_t)itemCount, sizeof(Item), sortByValueDensity);\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\n    float res = 0.0;\n    for (int i = 0; i < itemCount; i++) {\n        if (items[i].w <= cap) {\n            // \u82e5\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\u5145\u8db3\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u7269\u54c1\u6574\u4e2a\u88c5\u8fdb\u80cc\u5305\n            res += items[i].v;\n            cap -= items[i].w;\n        } else {\n            // \u82e5\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u7269\u54c1\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u88c5\u8fdb\u80cc\u5305\n            res += (float)cap / items[i].w * items[i].v;\n            cap = 0;\n            break;\n        }\n    }\n    free(items);\n    return res;\n}\n
    fractional_knapsack.zig
    [class]{Item}-[func]{}\n\n[class]{}-[func]{fractionalKnapsack}\n

    \u9664\u6392\u5e8f\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5728\u6700\u5dee\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u904d\u5386\u6574\u4e2a\u7269\u54c1\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n)\\) \uff0c\u5176\u4e2d \\(n\\) \u4e3a\u7269\u54c1\u6570\u91cf\u3002

    \u7531\u4e8e\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a Item \u5bf9\u8c61\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n)\\) \u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_greedy/fractional_knapsack_problem/#3","title":"3. \u00a0 \u6b63\u786e\u6027\u8bc1\u660e","text":"

    \u91c7\u7528\u53cd\u8bc1\u6cd5\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u7269\u54c1 \\(x\\) \u662f\u5355\u4f4d\u4ef7\u503c\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u7269\u54c1\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u67d0\u7b97\u6cd5\u6c42\u5f97\u6700\u5927\u4ef7\u503c\u4e3a res \uff0c\u4f46\u8be5\u89e3\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u7269\u54c1 \\(x\\) \u3002

    \u73b0\u5728\u4ece\u80cc\u5305\u4e2d\u62ff\u51fa\u5355\u4f4d\u91cd\u91cf\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u7269\u54c1\uff0c\u5e76\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u5355\u4f4d\u91cd\u91cf\u7684\u7269\u54c1 \\(x\\) \u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u7269\u54c1 \\(x\\) \u7684\u5355\u4f4d\u4ef7\u503c\u6700\u9ad8\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u66ff\u6362\u540e\u7684\u603b\u4ef7\u503c\u4e00\u5b9a\u5927\u4e8e res \u3002\u8fd9\u4e0e res \u662f\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u77db\u76fe\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u4e2d\u5fc5\u987b\u5305\u542b\u7269\u54c1 \\(x\\) \u3002

    \u5bf9\u4e8e\u8be5\u89e3\u4e2d\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u7269\u54c1\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6784\u5efa\u51fa\u4e0a\u8ff0\u77db\u76fe\u3002\u603b\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u5355\u4f4d\u4ef7\u503c\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u7269\u54c1\u603b\u662f\u66f4\u4f18\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u8fd9\u8bf4\u660e\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b56\u7565\u662f\u6709\u6548\u7684\u3002

    \u5982\u56fe 15-6 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5c06\u7269\u54c1\u91cd\u91cf\u548c\u7269\u54c1\u5355\u4f4d\u4ef7\u503c\u5206\u522b\u770b\u4f5c\u4e00\u5f20\u4e8c\u7ef4\u56fe\u8868\u7684\u6a2a\u8f74\u548c\u7eb5\u8f74\uff0c\u5219\u5206\u6570\u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898\u53ef\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u201c\u6c42\u5728\u6709\u9650\u6a2a\u8f74\u533a\u95f4\u4e0b\u56f4\u6210\u7684\u6700\u5927\u9762\u79ef\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7c7b\u6bd4\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u4ece\u51e0\u4f55\u89d2\u5ea6\u7406\u89e3\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\u3002

    \u56fe 15-6 \u00a0 \u5206\u6570\u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u51e0\u4f55\u8868\u793a

    "},{"location":"chapter_greedy/greedy_algorithm/","title":"15.1 \u00a0 \u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5","text":"

    \u300c\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5 greedy algorithm\u300d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u4f18\u5316\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u5176\u57fa\u672c\u601d\u60f3\u662f\u5728\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u51b3\u7b56\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u90fd\u9009\u62e9\u5f53\u524d\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u6700\u4f18\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u5373\u8d2a\u5fc3\u5730\u505a\u51fa\u5c40\u90e8\u6700\u4f18\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\uff0c\u4ee5\u671f\u83b7\u5f97\u5168\u5c40\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u3002\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u7b80\u6d01\u4e14\u9ad8\u6548\uff0c\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u5b9e\u9645\u95ee\u9898\u4e2d\u6709\u7740\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u3002

    \u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u548c\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u90fd\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u89e3\u51b3\u4f18\u5316\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u76f8\u4f3c\u4e4b\u5904\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u90fd\u4f9d\u8d56\u6700\u4f18\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u4f46\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u4e0d\u540c\u3002

    • \u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u4f1a\u6839\u636e\u4e4b\u524d\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u6240\u6709\u51b3\u7b56\u6765\u8003\u8651\u5f53\u524d\u51b3\u7b56\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528\u8fc7\u53bb\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u6765\u6784\u5efa\u5f53\u524d\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u3002
    • \u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8003\u8651\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u8def\u5411\u524d\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u4e0d\u65ad\u7f29\u5c0f\u95ee\u9898\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u95ee\u9898\u88ab\u89e3\u51b3\u3002

    \u6211\u4eec\u5148\u901a\u8fc7\u4f8b\u9898\u201c\u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\u201d\u4e86\u89e3\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u3002\u8fd9\u9053\u9898\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u201c\u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898\u201d\u7ae0\u8282\u4e2d\u4ecb\u7ecd\u8fc7\uff0c\u76f8\u4fe1\u4f60\u5bf9\u5b83\u5e76\u4e0d\u964c\u751f\u3002

    Question

    \u7ed9\u5b9a \\(n\\) \u79cd\u786c\u5e01\uff0c\u7b2c \\(i\\) \u79cd\u786c\u5e01\u7684\u9762\u503c\u4e3a \\(coins[i - 1]\\) \uff0c\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\u4e3a \\(amt\\) \uff0c\u6bcf\u79cd\u786c\u5e01\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u53d6\uff0c\u95ee\u80fd\u591f\u51d1\u51fa\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\u7684\u6700\u5c11\u786c\u5e01\u6570\u91cf\u3002\u5982\u679c\u65e0\u6cd5\u51d1\u51fa\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de \\(-1\\) \u3002

    \u672c\u9898\u91c7\u53d6\u7684\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b56\u7565\u5982\u56fe 15-1 \u6240\u793a\u3002\u7ed9\u5b9a\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8d2a\u5fc3\u5730\u9009\u62e9\u4e0d\u5927\u4e8e\u4e14\u6700\u63a5\u8fd1\u5b83\u7684\u786c\u5e01\uff0c\u4e0d\u65ad\u5faa\u73af\u8be5\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u51d1\u51fa\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\u4e3a\u6b62\u3002

    \u56fe 15-1 \u00a0 \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\u7684\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b56\u7565

    \u5b9e\u73b0\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig coin_change_greedy.py
    def coin_change_greedy(coins: list[int], amt: int) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3\"\"\"\n    # \u5047\u8bbe coins \u5217\u8868\u6709\u5e8f\n    i = len(coins) - 1\n    count = 0\n    # \u5faa\u73af\u8fdb\u884c\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u65e0\u5269\u4f59\u91d1\u989d\n    while amt > 0:\n        # \u627e\u5230\u5c0f\u4e8e\u4e14\u6700\u63a5\u8fd1\u5269\u4f59\u91d1\u989d\u7684\u786c\u5e01\n        while i > 0 and coins[i] > amt:\n            i -= 1\n        # \u9009\u62e9 coins[i]\n        amt -= coins[i]\n        count += 1\n    # \u82e5\u672a\u627e\u5230\u53ef\u884c\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de -1\n    return count if amt == 0 else -1\n
    coin_change_greedy.cpp
    /* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3 */\nint coinChangeGreedy(vector<int> &coins, int amt) {\n    // \u5047\u8bbe coins \u5217\u8868\u6709\u5e8f\n    int i = coins.size() - 1;\n    int count = 0;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u8fdb\u884c\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u65e0\u5269\u4f59\u91d1\u989d\n    while (amt > 0) {\n        // \u627e\u5230\u5c0f\u4e8e\u4e14\u6700\u63a5\u8fd1\u5269\u4f59\u91d1\u989d\u7684\u786c\u5e01\n        while (i > 0 && coins[i] > amt) {\n            i--;\n        }\n        // \u9009\u62e9 coins[i]\n        amt -= coins[i];\n        count++;\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u672a\u627e\u5230\u53ef\u884c\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de -1\n    return amt == 0 ? count : -1;\n}\n
    coin_change_greedy.java
    /* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3 */\nint coinChangeGreedy(int[] coins, int amt) {\n    // \u5047\u8bbe coins \u5217\u8868\u6709\u5e8f\n    int i = coins.length - 1;\n    int count = 0;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u8fdb\u884c\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u65e0\u5269\u4f59\u91d1\u989d\n    while (amt > 0) {\n        // \u627e\u5230\u5c0f\u4e8e\u4e14\u6700\u63a5\u8fd1\u5269\u4f59\u91d1\u989d\u7684\u786c\u5e01\n        while (i > 0 && coins[i] > amt) {\n            i--;\n        }\n        // \u9009\u62e9 coins[i]\n        amt -= coins[i];\n        count++;\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u672a\u627e\u5230\u53ef\u884c\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de -1\n    return amt == 0 ? count : -1;\n}\n
    coin_change_greedy.cs
    /* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3 */\nint CoinChangeGreedy(int[] coins, int amt) {\n    // \u5047\u8bbe coins \u5217\u8868\u6709\u5e8f\n    int i = coins.Length - 1;\n    int count = 0;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u8fdb\u884c\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u65e0\u5269\u4f59\u91d1\u989d\n    while (amt > 0) {\n        // \u627e\u5230\u5c0f\u4e8e\u4e14\u6700\u63a5\u8fd1\u5269\u4f59\u91d1\u989d\u7684\u786c\u5e01\n        while (i > 0 && coins[i] > amt) {\n            i--;\n        }\n        // \u9009\u62e9 coins[i]\n        amt -= coins[i];\n        count++;\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u672a\u627e\u5230\u53ef\u884c\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de -1\n    return amt == 0 ? count : -1;\n}\n
    coin_change_greedy.go
    /* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3 */\nfunc coinChangeGreedy(coins []int, amt int) int {\n    // \u5047\u8bbe coins \u5217\u8868\u6709\u5e8f\n    i := len(coins) - 1\n    count := 0\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u8fdb\u884c\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u65e0\u5269\u4f59\u91d1\u989d\n    for amt > 0 {\n        // \u627e\u5230\u5c0f\u4e8e\u4e14\u6700\u63a5\u8fd1\u5269\u4f59\u91d1\u989d\u7684\u786c\u5e01\n        for i > 0 && coins[i] > amt {\n            i--\n        }\n        // \u9009\u62e9 coins[i]\n        amt -= coins[i]\n        count++\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u672a\u627e\u5230\u53ef\u884c\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de -1\n    if amt != 0 {\n        return -1\n    }\n    return count\n}\n
    coin_change_greedy.swift
    /* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3 */\nfunc coinChangeGreedy(coins: [Int], amt: Int) -> Int {\n    // \u5047\u8bbe coins \u5217\u8868\u6709\u5e8f\n    var i = coins.count - 1\n    var count = 0\n    var amt = amt\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u8fdb\u884c\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u65e0\u5269\u4f59\u91d1\u989d\n    while amt > 0 {\n        // \u627e\u5230\u5c0f\u4e8e\u4e14\u6700\u63a5\u8fd1\u5269\u4f59\u91d1\u989d\u7684\u786c\u5e01\n        while i > 0 && coins[i] > amt {\n            i -= 1\n        }\n        // \u9009\u62e9 coins[i]\n        amt -= coins[i]\n        count += 1\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u672a\u627e\u5230\u53ef\u884c\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de -1\n    return amt == 0 ? count : -1\n}\n
    coin_change_greedy.js
    /* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3 */\nfunction coinChangeGreedy(coins, amt) {\n    // \u5047\u8bbe coins \u6570\u7ec4\u6709\u5e8f\n    let i = coins.length - 1;\n    let count = 0;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u8fdb\u884c\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u65e0\u5269\u4f59\u91d1\u989d\n    while (amt > 0) {\n        // \u627e\u5230\u5c0f\u4e8e\u4e14\u6700\u63a5\u8fd1\u5269\u4f59\u91d1\u989d\u7684\u786c\u5e01\n        while (i > 0 && coins[i] > amt) {\n            i--;\n        }\n        // \u9009\u62e9 coins[i]\n        amt -= coins[i];\n        count++;\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u672a\u627e\u5230\u53ef\u884c\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de -1\n    return amt === 0 ? count : -1;\n}\n
    coin_change_greedy.ts
    /* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3 */\nfunction coinChangeGreedy(coins: number[], amt: number): number {\n    // \u5047\u8bbe coins \u6570\u7ec4\u6709\u5e8f\n    let i = coins.length - 1;\n    let count = 0;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u8fdb\u884c\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u65e0\u5269\u4f59\u91d1\u989d\n    while (amt > 0) {\n        // \u627e\u5230\u5c0f\u4e8e\u4e14\u6700\u63a5\u8fd1\u5269\u4f59\u91d1\u989d\u7684\u786c\u5e01\n        while (i > 0 && coins[i] > amt) {\n            i--;\n        }\n        // \u9009\u62e9 coins[i]\n        amt -= coins[i];\n        count++;\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u672a\u627e\u5230\u53ef\u884c\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de -1\n    return amt === 0 ? count : -1;\n}\n
    coin_change_greedy.dart
    /* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3 */\nint coinChangeGreedy(List<int> coins, int amt) {\n  // \u5047\u8bbe coins \u5217\u8868\u6709\u5e8f\n  int i = coins.length - 1;\n  int count = 0;\n  // \u5faa\u73af\u8fdb\u884c\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u65e0\u5269\u4f59\u91d1\u989d\n  while (amt > 0) {\n    // \u627e\u5230\u5c0f\u4e8e\u4e14\u6700\u63a5\u8fd1\u5269\u4f59\u91d1\u989d\u7684\u786c\u5e01\n    while (i > 0 && coins[i] > amt) {\n      i--;\n    }\n    // \u9009\u62e9 coins[i]\n    amt -= coins[i];\n    count++;\n  }\n  // \u82e5\u672a\u627e\u5230\u53ef\u884c\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de -1\n  return amt == 0 ? count : -1;\n}\n
    coin_change_greedy.rs
    /* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3 */\nfn coin_change_greedy(coins: &[i32], mut amt: i32) -> i32 {\n    // \u5047\u8bbe coins \u5217\u8868\u6709\u5e8f\n    let mut i = coins.len() - 1;\n    let mut count = 0;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u8fdb\u884c\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u65e0\u5269\u4f59\u91d1\u989d\n    while amt > 0 {\n        // \u627e\u5230\u5c0f\u4e8e\u4e14\u6700\u63a5\u8fd1\u5269\u4f59\u91d1\u989d\u7684\u786c\u5e01\n        while i > 0 && coins[i] > amt {\n            i -= 1;\n        }\n        // \u9009\u62e9 coins[i]\n        amt -= coins[i];\n        count += 1;\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u672a\u627e\u5230\u53ef\u884c\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de -1\n    if amt == 0 {\n        count\n    } else {\n        -1\n    }\n}\n
    coin_change_greedy.c
    /* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3 */\nint coinChangeGreedy(int *coins, int size, int amt) {\n    // \u5047\u8bbe coins \u5217\u8868\u6709\u5e8f\n    int i = size - 1;\n    int count = 0;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u8fdb\u884c\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u65e0\u5269\u4f59\u91d1\u989d\n    while (amt > 0) {\n        // \u627e\u5230\u5c0f\u4e8e\u4e14\u6700\u63a5\u8fd1\u5269\u4f59\u91d1\u989d\u7684\u786c\u5e01\n        while (i > 0 && coins[i] > amt) {\n            i--;\n        }\n        // \u9009\u62e9 coins[i]\n        amt -= coins[i];\n        count++;\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u672a\u627e\u5230\u53ef\u884c\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de -1\n    return amt == 0 ? count : -1;\n}\n
    coin_change_greedy.zig
    [class]{}-[func]{coinChangeGreedy}\n

    \u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4e0d\u7531\u5730\u53d1\u51fa\u611f\u53f9\uff1aSo clean \uff01\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u4ec5\u7528\u7ea6\u5341\u884c\u4ee3\u7801\u5c31\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\u95ee\u9898\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_greedy/greedy_algorithm/#1511","title":"15.1.1 \u00a0 \u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\u4e0e\u5c40\u9650\u6027","text":"

    \u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e0d\u4ec5\u64cd\u4f5c\u76f4\u63a5\u3001\u5b9e\u73b0\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u901a\u5e38\u6548\u7387\u4e5f\u5f88\u9ad8\u3002\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\uff0c\u8bb0\u786c\u5e01\u6700\u5c0f\u9762\u503c\u4e3a \\(\\min(coins)\\) \uff0c\u5219\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\u6700\u591a\u5faa\u73af \\(amt / \\min(coins)\\) \u6b21\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(amt / \\min(coins))\\) \u3002\u8fd9\u6bd4\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u89e3\u6cd5\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 \\(O(n \\times amt)\\) \u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u91cf\u7ea7\u3002

    \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e9b\u786c\u5e01\u9762\u503c\u7ec4\u5408\uff0c\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u627e\u5230\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u3002\u56fe 15-2 \u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u3002

    • \u6b63\u4f8b \\(coins = [1, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100]\\)\uff1a\u5728\u8be5\u786c\u5e01\u7ec4\u5408\u4e0b\uff0c\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4efb\u610f \\(amt\\) \uff0c\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u627e\u5230\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u3002
    • \u53cd\u4f8b \\(coins = [1, 20, 50]\\)\uff1a\u5047\u8bbe \\(amt = 60\\) \uff0c\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u53ea\u80fd\u627e\u5230 \\(50 + 1 \\times 10\\) \u7684\u5151\u6362\u7ec4\u5408\uff0c\u5171\u8ba1 \\(11\\) \u679a\u786c\u5e01\uff0c\u4f46\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u53ef\u4ee5\u627e\u5230\u6700\u4f18\u89e3 \\(20 + 20 + 20\\) \uff0c\u4ec5\u9700 \\(3\\) \u679a\u786c\u5e01\u3002
    • \u53cd\u4f8b \\(coins = [1, 49, 50]\\)\uff1a\u5047\u8bbe \\(amt = 98\\) \uff0c\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u53ea\u80fd\u627e\u5230 \\(50 + 1 \\times 48\\) \u7684\u5151\u6362\u7ec4\u5408\uff0c\u5171\u8ba1 \\(49\\) \u679a\u786c\u5e01\uff0c\u4f46\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u53ef\u4ee5\u627e\u5230\u6700\u4f18\u89e3 \\(49 + 49\\) \uff0c\u4ec5\u9700 \\(2\\) \u679a\u786c\u5e01\u3002

    \u56fe 15-2 \u00a0 \u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u65e0\u6cd5\u627e\u51fa\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u7684\u793a\u4f8b

    \u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u65e0\u6cd5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u627e\u5230\u5168\u5c40\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u627e\u5230\u975e\u5e38\u5dee\u7684\u89e3\u3002\u5b83\u66f4\u9002\u5408\u7528\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u89e3\u51b3\u3002

    \u4e00\u822c\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u9002\u7528\u60c5\u51b5\u5206\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e24\u79cd\u3002

    1. \u53ef\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u627e\u5230\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u6700\u4f18\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u5f80\u5f80\u6bd4\u56de\u6eaf\u3001\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548\u3002
    2. \u53ef\u4ee5\u627e\u5230\u8fd1\u4f3c\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4e5f\u662f\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5f88\u591a\u590d\u6742\u95ee\u9898\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5bfb\u627e\u5168\u5c40\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u975e\u5e38\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u80fd\u4ee5\u8f83\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\u627e\u5230\u6b21\u4f18\u89e3\u4e5f\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u4e0d\u9519\u7684\u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_greedy/greedy_algorithm/#1512","title":"15.1.2 \u00a0 \u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u7279\u6027","text":"

    \u90a3\u4e48\u95ee\u9898\u6765\u4e86\uff0c\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u9002\u5408\u7528\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u6c42\u89e3\u5462\uff1f\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\uff0c\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u5728\u4ec0\u4e48\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u627e\u5230\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\uff1f

    \u76f8\u8f83\u4e8e\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\uff0c\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u6761\u4ef6\u66f4\u52a0\u82db\u523b\uff0c\u5176\u4e3b\u8981\u5173\u6ce8\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u6027\u8d28\u3002

    • \u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u8d28\uff1a\u53ea\u6709\u5f53\u5c40\u90e8\u6700\u4f18\u9009\u62e9\u59cb\u7ec8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bfc\u81f4\u5168\u5c40\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u65f6\uff0c\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u624d\u80fd\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5f97\u5230\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u3002
    • \u6700\u4f18\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a\u539f\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u5305\u542b\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u3002

    \u6700\u4f18\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u201c\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u201d\u7ae0\u8282\u4e2d\u4ecb\u7ecd\u8fc7\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e0d\u518d\u8d58\u8ff0\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6700\u4f18\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u5e76\u4e0d\u660e\u663e\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u4f7f\u7528\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u89e3\u51b3\u3002

    \u6211\u4eec\u4e3b\u8981\u63a2\u7a76\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u5224\u65ad\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u867d\u7136\u5b83\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u770b\u4e0a\u53bb\u6bd4\u8f83\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8bb8\u591a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8bc1\u660e\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u8d28\u5e76\u975e\u6613\u4e8b\u3002

    \u4f8b\u5982\u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u867d\u7136\u80fd\u591f\u5bb9\u6613\u5730\u4e3e\u51fa\u53cd\u4f8b\uff0c\u5bf9\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u8d28\u8fdb\u884c\u8bc1\u4f2a\uff0c\u4f46\u8bc1\u5b9e\u7684\u96be\u5ea6\u8f83\u5927\u3002\u5982\u679c\u95ee\uff1a\u6ee1\u8db3\u4ec0\u4e48\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u786c\u5e01\u7ec4\u5408\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u6c42\u89e3\uff1f\u6211\u4eec\u5f80\u5f80\u53ea\u80fd\u51ed\u501f\u76f4\u89c9\u6216\u4e3e\u4f8b\u5b50\u6765\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u68f1\u4e24\u53ef\u7684\u7b54\u6848\uff0c\u800c\u96be\u4ee5\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e25\u8c28\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u8bc1\u660e\u3002

    Quote

    \u6709\u4e00\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a \\(O(n^3)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5224\u65ad\u4e00\u4e2a\u786c\u5e01\u7ec4\u5408\u80fd\u5426\u4f7f\u7528\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u627e\u51fa\u4efb\u610f\u91d1\u989d\u7684\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u3002

    Pearson, D. A polynomial-time algorithm for the change-making problem[J]. Operations Research Letters, 2005, 33(3): 231-234.

    "},{"location":"chapter_greedy/greedy_algorithm/#1513","title":"15.1.3 \u00a0 \u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u89e3\u9898\u6b65\u9aa4","text":"

    \u8d2a\u5fc3\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u6d41\u7a0b\u5927\u4f53\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e09\u6b65\u3002

    1. \u95ee\u9898\u5206\u6790\uff1a\u68b3\u7406\u4e0e\u7406\u89e3\u95ee\u9898\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u72b6\u6001\u5b9a\u4e49\u3001\u4f18\u5316\u76ee\u6807\u548c\u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6\u7b49\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u6b65\u5728\u56de\u6eaf\u548c\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u4e2d\u90fd\u6709\u6d89\u53ca\u3002
    2. \u786e\u5b9a\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b56\u7565\uff1a\u786e\u5b9a\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b65\u4e2d\u505a\u51fa\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7b56\u7565\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b65\u51cf\u5c0f\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89c4\u6a21\uff0c\u5e76\u6700\u7ec8\u89e3\u51b3\u6574\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002
    3. \u6b63\u786e\u6027\u8bc1\u660e\uff1a\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u8bc1\u660e\u95ee\u9898\u5177\u6709\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u8d28\u548c\u6700\u4f18\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u7528\u5230\u6570\u5b66\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5f52\u7eb3\u6cd5\u6216\u53cd\u8bc1\u6cd5\u7b49\u3002

    \u786e\u5b9a\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b56\u7565\u662f\u6c42\u89e3\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u4f46\u5b9e\u65bd\u8d77\u6765\u53ef\u80fd\u5e76\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u539f\u56e0\u3002

    • \u4e0d\u540c\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u8f83\u5927\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8bb8\u591a\u95ee\u9898\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b56\u7565\u6bd4\u8f83\u6d45\u663e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e9b\u5927\u6982\u7684\u601d\u8003\u4e0e\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5c31\u80fd\u5f97\u51fa\u3002\u800c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e9b\u590d\u6742\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b56\u7565\u53ef\u80fd\u975e\u5e38\u9690\u853d\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u5c31\u975e\u5e38\u8003\u9a8c\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u89e3\u9898\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e0e\u7b97\u6cd5\u80fd\u529b\u4e86\u3002
    • \u67d0\u4e9b\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b56\u7565\u5177\u6709\u8f83\u5f3a\u7684\u8ff7\u60d1\u6027\u3002\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u6ee1\u6000\u4fe1\u5fc3\u8bbe\u8ba1\u597d\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u5199\u51fa\u89e3\u9898\u4ee3\u7801\u5e76\u63d0\u4ea4\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u73b0\u90e8\u5206\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6837\u4f8b\u65e0\u6cd5\u901a\u8fc7\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b56\u7565\u53ea\u662f\u201c\u90e8\u5206\u6b63\u786e\u201d\u7684\uff0c\u4e0a\u6587\u4ecb\u7ecd\u7684\u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5178\u578b\u6848\u4f8b\u3002

    \u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6b63\u786e\u6027\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u5bf9\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b56\u7565\u8fdb\u884c\u4e25\u8c28\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u7528\u5230\u53cd\u8bc1\u6cd5\u6216\u6570\u5b66\u5f52\u7eb3\u6cd5\u3002

    \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6b63\u786e\u6027\u8bc1\u660e\u4e5f\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4ef6\u6613\u4e8b\u3002\u5982\u82e5\u6ca1\u6709\u5934\u7eea\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u9009\u62e9\u9762\u5411\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b\u8fdb\u884c\u4ee3\u7801\u8c03\u8bd5\uff0c\u4e00\u6b65\u6b65\u4fee\u6539\u4e0e\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b56\u7565\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_greedy/greedy_algorithm/#1514","title":"15.1.4 \u00a0 \u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u5178\u578b\u4f8b\u9898","text":"

    \u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u5e38\u5e38\u5e94\u7528\u5728\u6ee1\u8db3\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u8d28\u548c\u6700\u4f18\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u4f18\u5316\u95ee\u9898\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5217\u4e3e\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u5178\u578b\u7684\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u95ee\u9898\u3002

    • \u786c\u5e01\u627e\u96f6\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u786c\u5e01\u7ec4\u5408\u4e0b\uff0c\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u603b\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u3002
    • \u533a\u95f4\u8c03\u5ea6\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u5047\u8bbe\u4f60\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4efb\u52a1\u5728\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u4f60\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u5b8c\u6210\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u591a\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6bcf\u6b21\u90fd\u9009\u62e9\u7ed3\u675f\u65f6\u95f4\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u3002
    • \u5206\u6570\u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u7ec4\u7269\u54c1\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f7d\u91cd\u91cf\uff0c\u4f60\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u7ec4\u7269\u54c1\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u603b\u91cd\u91cf\u4e0d\u8d85\u8fc7\u8f7d\u91cd\u91cf\uff0c\u4e14\u603b\u4ef7\u503c\u6700\u5927\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6bcf\u6b21\u90fd\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u4ef7\u6bd4\u6700\u9ad8\uff08\u4ef7\u503c / \u91cd\u91cf\uff09\u7684\u7269\u54c1\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u3002
    • \u80a1\u7968\u4e70\u5356\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u7ec4\u80a1\u7968\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u4ef7\u683c\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u591a\u6b21\u4e70\u5356\uff0c\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5df2\u7ecf\u6301\u6709\u80a1\u7968\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5728\u5356\u51fa\u4e4b\u524d\u4e0d\u80fd\u518d\u4e70\uff0c\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u83b7\u53d6\u6700\u5927\u5229\u6da6\u3002
    • \u970d\u592b\u66fc\u7f16\u7801\uff1a\u970d\u592b\u66fc\u7f16\u7801\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7528\u4e8e\u65e0\u635f\u6570\u636e\u538b\u7f29\u7684\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u6784\u5efa\u970d\u592b\u66fc\u6811\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u9009\u62e9\u51fa\u73b0\u9891\u7387\u6700\u4f4e\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u5408\u5e76\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u970d\u592b\u66fc\u6811\u7684\u5e26\u6743\u8def\u5f84\u957f\u5ea6\uff08\u7f16\u7801\u957f\u5ea6\uff09\u6700\u5c0f\u3002
    • Dijkstra \u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u89e3\u51b3\u7ed9\u5b9a\u6e90\u9876\u70b9\u5230\u5176\u4f59\u5404\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_greedy/max_capacity_problem/","title":"15.3 \u00a0 \u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\u95ee\u9898","text":"

    Question

    \u8f93\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4 \\(ht\\) \uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u4ee3\u8868\u4e00\u4e2a\u5782\u76f4\u9694\u677f\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u3002\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u4e24\u4e2a\u9694\u677f\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ec4\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bb9\u5668\u3002

    \u5bb9\u5668\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf\u7b49\u4e8e\u9ad8\u5ea6\u548c\u5bbd\u5ea6\u7684\u4e58\u79ef\uff08\u9762\u79ef\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7531\u8f83\u77ed\u7684\u9694\u677f\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u5bbd\u5ea6\u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u9694\u677f\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15\u4e4b\u5dee\u3002

    \u8bf7\u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u9009\u62e9\u4e24\u4e2a\u9694\u677f\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u5bb9\u5668\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf\u6700\u5927\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\u3002\u793a\u4f8b\u5982\u56fe 15-7 \u6240\u793a\u3002

    \u56fe 15-7 \u00a0 \u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u6570\u636e

    \u5bb9\u5668\u7531\u4efb\u610f\u4e24\u4e2a\u9694\u677f\u56f4\u6210\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u672c\u9898\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u9694\u677f\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a \\([i, j]\\) \u3002

    \u6839\u636e\u9898\u610f\uff0c\u5bb9\u91cf\u7b49\u4e8e\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e58\u4ee5\u5bbd\u5ea6\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7531\u77ed\u677f\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u5bbd\u5ea6\u662f\u4e24\u9694\u677f\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15\u4e4b\u5dee\u3002\u8bbe\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e3a \\(cap[i, j]\\) \uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u5f97\u8ba1\u7b97\u516c\u5f0f\uff1a

    \\[ cap[i, j] = \\min(ht[i], ht[j]) \\times (j - i) \\]

    \u8bbe\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(n\\) \uff0c\u4e24\u4e2a\u9694\u677f\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u6570\u91cf\uff08\u72b6\u6001\u603b\u6570\uff09\u4e3a \\(C_n^2 = \\frac{n(n - 1)}{2}\\) \u4e2a\u3002\u6700\u76f4\u63a5\u5730\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u7a77\u4e3e\u6240\u6709\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6c42\u5f97\u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n^2)\\) \u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_greedy/max_capacity_problem/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b56\u7565\u786e\u5b9a","text":"

    \u8fd9\u9053\u9898\u8fd8\u6709\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\u7684\u89e3\u6cd5\u3002\u5982\u56fe 15-8 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u73b0\u9009\u53d6\u4e00\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001 \\([i, j]\\) \uff0c\u5176\u6ee1\u8db3\u7d22\u5f15 \\(i < j\\) \u4e14\u9ad8\u5ea6 \\(ht[i] < ht[j]\\) \uff0c\u5373 \\(i\\) \u4e3a\u77ed\u677f\u3001\\(j\\) \u4e3a\u957f\u677f\u3002

    \u56fe 15-8 \u00a0 \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001

    \u5982\u56fe 15-9 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u82e5\u6b64\u65f6\u5c06\u957f\u677f \\(j\\) \u5411\u77ed\u677f \\(i\\) \u9760\u8fd1\uff0c\u5219\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e00\u5b9a\u53d8\u5c0f\u3002

    \u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u79fb\u52a8\u957f\u677f \\(j\\) \u540e\uff0c\u5bbd\u5ea6 \\(j-i\\) \u80af\u5b9a\u53d8\u5c0f\uff1b\u800c\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7531\u77ed\u677f\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9ad8\u5ea6\u53ea\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u53d8\uff08 \\(i\\) \u4ecd\u4e3a\u77ed\u677f\uff09\u6216\u53d8\u5c0f\uff08\u79fb\u52a8\u540e\u7684 \\(j\\) \u6210\u4e3a\u77ed\u677f\uff09\u3002

    \u56fe 15-9 \u00a0 \u5411\u5185\u79fb\u52a8\u957f\u677f\u540e\u7684\u72b6\u6001

    \u53cd\u5411\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u6709\u5411\u5185\u6536\u7f29\u77ed\u677f \\(i\\) \uff0c\u624d\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u4f7f\u5bb9\u91cf\u53d8\u5927\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u867d\u7136\u5bbd\u5ea6\u4e00\u5b9a\u53d8\u5c0f\uff0c\u4f46\u9ad8\u5ea6\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u53d8\u5927\uff08\u79fb\u52a8\u540e\u7684\u77ed\u677f \\(i\\) \u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u53d8\u957f\uff09\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u56fe 15-10 \u4e2d\uff0c\u79fb\u52a8\u77ed\u677f\u540e\u9762\u79ef\u53d8\u5927\u3002

    \u56fe 15-10 \u00a0 \u5411\u5185\u79fb\u52a8\u77ed\u677f\u540e\u7684\u72b6\u6001

    \u7531\u6b64\u4fbf\u53ef\u63a8\u51fa\u672c\u9898\u7684\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b56\u7565\uff1a\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e24\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u5206\u5217\u5bb9\u5668\u4e24\u7aef\uff0c\u6bcf\u8f6e\u5411\u5185\u6536\u7f29\u77ed\u677f\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u4e24\u6307\u9488\u76f8\u9047\u3002

    \u56fe 15-11 \u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u6267\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002

    1. \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\uff0c\u6307\u9488 \\(i\\) \u548c \\(j\\) \u5206\u5217\u6570\u7ec4\u4e24\u7aef\u3002
    2. \u8ba1\u7b97\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf \\(cap[i, j]\\) \uff0c\u5e76\u66f4\u65b0\u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\u3002
    3. \u6bd4\u8f83\u677f \\(i\\) \u548c \u677f \\(j\\) \u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u77ed\u677f\u5411\u5185\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u683c\u3002
    4. \u5faa\u73af\u6267\u884c\u7b2c 2. \u6b65\u548c\u7b2c 3. \u6b65\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3 \\(i\\) \u548c \\(j\\) \u76f8\u9047\u65f6\u7ed3\u675f\u3002
    <1><2><3><4><5><6><7><8><9>

    \u56fe 15-11 \u00a0 \u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u8d2a\u5fc3\u8fc7\u7a0b

    "},{"location":"chapter_greedy/max_capacity_problem/#2","title":"2. \u00a0 \u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0","text":"

    \u4ee3\u7801\u5faa\u73af\u6700\u591a \\(n\\) \u8f6e\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n)\\) \u3002

    \u53d8\u91cf \\(i\\)\u3001\\(j\\)\u3001\\(res\\) \u4f7f\u7528\u5e38\u6570\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u989d\u5916\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(1)\\) \u3002

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig max_capacity.py
    def max_capacity(ht: list[int]) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3\"\"\"\n    # \u521d\u59cb\u5316 i, j\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u5206\u5217\u6570\u7ec4\u4e24\u7aef\n    i, j = 0, len(ht) - 1\n    # \u521d\u59cb\u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e3a 0\n    res = 0\n    # \u5faa\u73af\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u4e24\u677f\u76f8\u9047\n    while i < j:\n        # \u66f4\u65b0\u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\n        cap = min(ht[i], ht[j]) * (j - i)\n        res = max(res, cap)\n        # \u5411\u5185\u79fb\u52a8\u77ed\u677f\n        if ht[i] < ht[j]:\n            i += 1\n        else:\n            j -= 1\n    return res\n
    max_capacity.cpp
    /* \u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3 */\nint maxCapacity(vector<int> &ht) {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 i, j\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u5206\u5217\u6570\u7ec4\u4e24\u7aef\n    int i = 0, j = ht.size() - 1;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e3a 0\n    int res = 0;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u4e24\u677f\u76f8\u9047\n    while (i < j) {\n        // \u66f4\u65b0\u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\n        int cap = min(ht[i], ht[j]) * (j - i);\n        res = max(res, cap);\n        // \u5411\u5185\u79fb\u52a8\u77ed\u677f\n        if (ht[i] < ht[j]) {\n            i++;\n        } else {\n            j--;\n        }\n    }\n    return res;\n}\n
    max_capacity.java
    /* \u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3 */\nint maxCapacity(int[] ht) {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 i, j\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u5206\u5217\u6570\u7ec4\u4e24\u7aef\n    int i = 0, j = ht.length - 1;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e3a 0\n    int res = 0;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u4e24\u677f\u76f8\u9047\n    while (i < j) {\n        // \u66f4\u65b0\u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\n        int cap = Math.min(ht[i], ht[j]) * (j - i);\n        res = Math.max(res, cap);\n        // \u5411\u5185\u79fb\u52a8\u77ed\u677f\n        if (ht[i] < ht[j]) {\n            i++;\n        } else {\n            j--;\n        }\n    }\n    return res;\n}\n
    max_capacity.cs
    /* \u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3 */\nint MaxCapacity(int[] ht) {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 i, j\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u5206\u5217\u6570\u7ec4\u4e24\u7aef\n    int i = 0, j = ht.Length - 1;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e3a 0\n    int res = 0;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u4e24\u677f\u76f8\u9047\n    while (i < j) {\n        // \u66f4\u65b0\u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\n        int cap = Math.Min(ht[i], ht[j]) * (j - i);\n        res = Math.Max(res, cap);\n        // \u5411\u5185\u79fb\u52a8\u77ed\u677f\n        if (ht[i] < ht[j]) {\n            i++;\n        } else {\n            j--;\n        }\n    }\n    return res;\n}\n
    max_capacity.go
    /* \u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3 */\nfunc maxCapacity(ht []int) int {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 i, j\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u5206\u5217\u6570\u7ec4\u4e24\u7aef\n    i, j := 0, len(ht)-1\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e3a 0\n    res := 0\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u4e24\u677f\u76f8\u9047\n    for i < j {\n        // \u66f4\u65b0\u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\n        capacity := int(math.Min(float64(ht[i]), float64(ht[j]))) * (j - i)\n        res = int(math.Max(float64(res), float64(capacity)))\n        // \u5411\u5185\u79fb\u52a8\u77ed\u677f\n        if ht[i] < ht[j] {\n            i++\n        } else {\n            j--\n        }\n    }\n    return res\n}\n
    max_capacity.swift
    /* \u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3 */\nfunc maxCapacity(ht: [Int]) -> Int {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 i, j\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u5206\u5217\u6570\u7ec4\u4e24\u7aef\n    var i = 0, j = ht.count - 1\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e3a 0\n    var res = 0\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u4e24\u677f\u76f8\u9047\n    while i < j {\n        // \u66f4\u65b0\u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\n        let cap = min(ht[i], ht[j]) * (j - i)\n        res = max(res, cap)\n        // \u5411\u5185\u79fb\u52a8\u77ed\u677f\n        if ht[i] < ht[j] {\n            i += 1\n        } else {\n            j -= 1\n        }\n    }\n    return res\n}\n
    max_capacity.js
    /* \u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3 */\nfunction maxCapacity(ht) {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 i, j\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u5206\u5217\u6570\u7ec4\u4e24\u7aef\n    let i = 0,\n        j = ht.length - 1;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e3a 0\n    let res = 0;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u4e24\u677f\u76f8\u9047\n    while (i < j) {\n        // \u66f4\u65b0\u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\n        const cap = Math.min(ht[i], ht[j]) * (j - i);\n        res = Math.max(res, cap);\n        // \u5411\u5185\u79fb\u52a8\u77ed\u677f\n        if (ht[i] < ht[j]) {\n            i += 1;\n        } else {\n            j -= 1;\n        }\n    }\n    return res;\n}\n
    max_capacity.ts
    /* \u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3 */\nfunction maxCapacity(ht: number[]): number {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 i, j\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u5206\u5217\u6570\u7ec4\u4e24\u7aef\n    let i = 0,\n        j = ht.length - 1;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e3a 0\n    let res = 0;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u4e24\u677f\u76f8\u9047\n    while (i < j) {\n        // \u66f4\u65b0\u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\n        const cap: number = Math.min(ht[i], ht[j]) * (j - i);\n        res = Math.max(res, cap);\n        // \u5411\u5185\u79fb\u52a8\u77ed\u677f\n        if (ht[i] < ht[j]) {\n            i += 1;\n        } else {\n            j -= 1;\n        }\n    }\n    return res;\n}\n
    max_capacity.dart
    /* \u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3 */\nint maxCapacity(List<int> ht) {\n  // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 i, j\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u5206\u5217\u6570\u7ec4\u4e24\u7aef\n  int i = 0, j = ht.length - 1;\n  // \u521d\u59cb\u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e3a 0\n  int res = 0;\n  // \u5faa\u73af\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u4e24\u677f\u76f8\u9047\n  while (i < j) {\n    // \u66f4\u65b0\u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\n    int cap = min(ht[i], ht[j]) * (j - i);\n    res = max(res, cap);\n    // \u5411\u5185\u79fb\u52a8\u77ed\u677f\n    if (ht[i] < ht[j]) {\n      i++;\n    } else {\n      j--;\n    }\n  }\n  return res;\n}\n
    max_capacity.rs
    /* \u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3 */\nfn max_capacity(ht: &[i32]) -> i32 {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 i, j\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u5206\u5217\u6570\u7ec4\u4e24\u7aef\n    let mut i = 0;\n    let mut j = ht.len() - 1;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e3a 0\n    let mut res = 0;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u4e24\u677f\u76f8\u9047\n    while i < j {\n        // \u66f4\u65b0\u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\n        let cap = std::cmp::min(ht[i], ht[j]) * (j - i) as i32;\n        res = std::cmp::max(res, cap);\n        // \u5411\u5185\u79fb\u52a8\u77ed\u677f\n        if ht[i] < ht[j] {\n            i += 1;\n        } else {\n            j -= 1;\n        }\n    }\n    res\n}\n
    max_capacity.c
    /* \u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3 */\nint maxCapacity(int ht[], int htLength) {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 i, j\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u5206\u5217\u6570\u7ec4\u4e24\u7aef\n    int i = 0;\n    int j = htLength - 1;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e3a 0\n    int res = 0;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u4e24\u677f\u76f8\u9047\n    while (i < j) {\n        // \u66f4\u65b0\u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\n        int capacity = myMin(ht[i], ht[j]) * (j - i);\n        res = myMax(res, capacity);\n        // \u5411\u5185\u79fb\u52a8\u77ed\u677f\n        if (ht[i] < ht[j]) {\n            i++;\n        } else {\n            j--;\n        }\n    }\n    return res;\n}\n
    max_capacity.zig
    [class]{}-[func]{maxCapacity}\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_greedy/max_capacity_problem/#3","title":"3. \u00a0 \u6b63\u786e\u6027\u8bc1\u660e","text":"

    \u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u8d2a\u5fc3\u6bd4\u7a77\u4e3e\u66f4\u5feb\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6bcf\u8f6e\u7684\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\u90fd\u4f1a\u201c\u8df3\u8fc7\u201d\u4e00\u4e9b\u72b6\u6001\u3002

    \u6bd4\u5982\u5728\u72b6\u6001 \\(cap[i, j]\\) \u4e0b\uff0c\\(i\\) \u4e3a\u77ed\u677f\u3001\\(j\\) \u4e3a\u957f\u677f\u3002\u82e5\u8d2a\u5fc3\u5730\u5c06\u77ed\u677f \\(i\\) \u5411\u5185\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u683c\uff0c\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u56fe 15-12 \u6240\u793a\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u88ab\u201c\u8df3\u8fc7\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4e4b\u540e\u65e0\u6cd5\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf\u5927\u5c0f\u3002

    \\[ cap[i, i+1], cap[i, i+2], \\dots, cap[i, j-2], cap[i, j-1] \\]

    \u56fe 15-12 \u00a0 \u79fb\u52a8\u77ed\u677f\u5bfc\u81f4\u88ab\u8df3\u8fc7\u7684\u72b6\u6001

    \u89c2\u5bdf\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u88ab\u8df3\u8fc7\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f\u5c06\u957f\u677f \\(j\\) \u5411\u5185\u79fb\u52a8\u7684\u6240\u6709\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u524d\u9762\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u8bc1\u660e\u5185\u79fb\u957f\u677f\u4e00\u5b9a\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5bb9\u91cf\u53d8\u5c0f\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u88ab\u8df3\u8fc7\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u90fd\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\uff0c\u8df3\u8fc7\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u9519\u8fc7\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u3002

    \u4ee5\u4e0a\u5206\u6790\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u79fb\u52a8\u77ed\u677f\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u662f\u201c\u5b89\u5168\u201d\u7684\uff0c\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b56\u7565\u662f\u6709\u6548\u7684\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_greedy/max_product_cutting_problem/","title":"15.4 \u00a0 \u6700\u5927\u5207\u5206\u4e58\u79ef\u95ee\u9898","text":"

    Question

    \u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b63\u6574\u6570 \\(n\\) \uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u5207\u5206\u4e3a\u81f3\u5c11\u4e24\u4e2a\u6b63\u6574\u6570\u7684\u548c\uff0c\u6c42\u5207\u5206\u540e\u6240\u6709\u6574\u6570\u7684\u4e58\u79ef\u6700\u5927\u662f\u591a\u5c11\uff0c\u5982\u56fe 15-13 \u6240\u793a\u3002

    \u56fe 15-13 \u00a0 \u6700\u5927\u5207\u5206\u4e58\u79ef\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5b9a\u4e49

    \u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u5c06 \\(n\\) \u5207\u5206\u4e3a \\(m\\) \u4e2a\u6574\u6570\u56e0\u5b50\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7b2c \\(i\\) \u4e2a\u56e0\u5b50\u8bb0\u4e3a \\(n_i\\) \uff0c\u5373

    \\[ n = \\sum_{i=1}^{m}n_i \\]

    \u672c\u9898\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u6c42\u5f97\u6240\u6709\u6574\u6570\u56e0\u5b50\u7684\u6700\u5927\u4e58\u79ef\uff0c\u5373

    \\[ \\max(\\prod_{i=1}^{m}n_i) \\]

    \u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u601d\u8003\u7684\u662f\uff1a\u5207\u5206\u6570\u91cf \\(m\\) \u5e94\u8be5\u591a\u5927\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a \\(n_i\\) \u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u591a\u5c11\uff1f

    "},{"location":"chapter_greedy/max_product_cutting_problem/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b56\u7565\u786e\u5b9a","text":"

    \u6839\u636e\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u4e24\u4e2a\u6574\u6570\u7684\u4e58\u79ef\u5f80\u5f80\u6bd4\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u52a0\u548c\u66f4\u5927\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u4ece \\(n\\) \u4e2d\u5206\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u56e0\u5b50 \\(2\\) \uff0c\u5219\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u4e58\u79ef\u4e3a \\(2(n-2)\\) \u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8be5\u4e58\u79ef\u4e0e \\(n\\) \u4f5c\u6bd4\u8f83\uff1a

    \\[ \\begin{aligned} 2(n-2) & \\geq n \\newline 2n - n - 4 & \\geq 0 \\newline n & \\geq 4 \\end{aligned} \\]

    \u5982\u56fe 15-14 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5f53 \\(n \\geq 4\\) \u65f6\uff0c\u5207\u5206\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a \\(2\\) \u540e\u4e58\u79ef\u4f1a\u53d8\u5927\uff0c\u8fd9\u8bf4\u660e\u5927\u4e8e\u7b49\u4e8e \\(4\\) \u7684\u6574\u6570\u90fd\u5e94\u8be5\u88ab\u5207\u5206\u3002

    \u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b56\u7565\u4e00\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u5207\u5206\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\u5305\u542b \\(\\geq 4\\) \u7684\u56e0\u5b50\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5b83\u5c31\u5e94\u8be5\u88ab\u7ee7\u7eed\u5207\u5206\u3002\u6700\u7ec8\u7684\u5207\u5206\u65b9\u6848\u53ea\u5e94\u51fa\u73b0 \\(1\\)\u3001\\(2\\)\u3001\\(3\\) \u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u56e0\u5b50\u3002

    \u56fe 15-14 \u00a0 \u5207\u5206\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e58\u79ef\u53d8\u5927

    \u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u601d\u8003\u54ea\u4e2a\u56e0\u5b50\u662f\u6700\u4f18\u7684\u3002\u5728 \\(1\\)\u3001\\(2\\)\u3001\\(3\\) \u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u56e0\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u663e\u7136 \\(1\\) \u662f\u6700\u5dee\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a \\(1 \\times (n-1) < n\\) \u6052\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u5373\u5207\u5206\u51fa \\(1\\) \u53cd\u800c\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e58\u79ef\u51cf\u5c0f\u3002

    \u5982\u56fe 15-15 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5f53 \\(n = 6\\) \u65f6\uff0c\u6709 \\(3 \\times 3 > 2 \\times 2 \\times 2\\) \u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5207\u5206\u51fa \\(3\\) \u6bd4\u5207\u5206\u51fa \\(2\\) \u66f4\u4f18\u3002

    \u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b56\u7565\u4e8c\uff1a\u5728\u5207\u5206\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\uff0c\u6700\u591a\u53ea\u5e94\u5b58\u5728\u4e24\u4e2a \\(2\\) \u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e09\u4e2a \\(2\\) \u603b\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a \\(3\\) \uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u83b7\u5f97\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u4e58\u79ef\u3002

    \u56fe 15-15 \u00a0 \u6700\u4f18\u5207\u5206\u56e0\u5b50

    \u7efc\u4e0a\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u53ef\u63a8\u7406\u51fa\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b56\u7565\u3002

    1. \u8f93\u5165\u6574\u6570 \\(n\\) \uff0c\u4ece\u5176\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u5207\u5206\u51fa\u56e0\u5b50 \\(3\\) \uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u4f59\u6570\u4e3a \\(0\\)\u3001\\(1\\)\u3001\\(2\\) \u3002
    2. \u5f53\u4f59\u6570\u4e3a \\(0\\) \u65f6\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868 \\(n\\) \u662f \\(3\\) \u7684\u500d\u6570\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u505a\u4efb\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u3002
    3. \u5f53\u4f59\u6570\u4e3a \\(2\\) \u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ee7\u7eed\u5212\u5206\uff0c\u4fdd\u7559\u3002
    4. \u5f53\u4f59\u6570\u4e3a \\(1\\) \u65f6\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e \\(2 \\times 2 > 1 \\times 3\\) \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5e94\u5c06\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a \\(3\\) \u66ff\u6362\u4e3a \\(2\\) \u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_greedy/max_product_cutting_problem/#2","title":"2. \u00a0 \u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0","text":"

    \u5982\u56fe 15-16 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u987b\u901a\u8fc7\u5faa\u73af\u6765\u5207\u5206\u6574\u6570\uff0c\u800c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u5411\u4e0b\u6574\u9664\u8fd0\u7b97\u5f97\u5230 \\(3\\) \u7684\u4e2a\u6570 \\(a\\) \uff0c\u7528\u53d6\u6a21\u8fd0\u7b97\u5f97\u5230\u4f59\u6570 \\(b\\) \uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u6709\uff1a

    \\[ n = 3 a + b \\]

    \u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e \\(n \\leq 3\\) \u7684\u8fb9\u754c\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u62c6\u5206\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a \\(1\\) \uff0c\u4e58\u79ef\u4e3a \\(1 \\times (n - 1)\\) \u3002

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig max_product_cutting.py
    def max_product_cutting(n: int) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u6700\u5927\u5207\u5206\u4e58\u79ef\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3\"\"\"\n    # \u5f53 n <= 3 \u65f6\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5207\u5206\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a 1\n    if n <= 3:\n        return 1 * (n - 1)\n    # \u8d2a\u5fc3\u5730\u5207\u5206\u51fa 3 \uff0ca \u4e3a 3 \u7684\u4e2a\u6570\uff0cb \u4e3a\u4f59\u6570\n    a, b = n // 3, n % 3\n    if b == 1:\n        # \u5f53\u4f59\u6570\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u4e00\u5bf9 1 * 3 \u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a 2 * 2\n        return int(math.pow(3, a - 1)) * 2 * 2\n    if b == 2:\n        # \u5f53\u4f59\u6570\u4e3a 2 \u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u505a\u5904\u7406\n        return int(math.pow(3, a)) * 2\n    # \u5f53\u4f59\u6570\u4e3a 0 \u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u505a\u5904\u7406\n    return int(math.pow(3, a))\n
    max_product_cutting.cpp
    /* \u6700\u5927\u5207\u5206\u4e58\u79ef\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3 */\nint maxProductCutting(int n) {\n    // \u5f53 n <= 3 \u65f6\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5207\u5206\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a 1\n    if (n <= 3) {\n        return 1 * (n - 1);\n    }\n    // \u8d2a\u5fc3\u5730\u5207\u5206\u51fa 3 \uff0ca \u4e3a 3 \u7684\u4e2a\u6570\uff0cb \u4e3a\u4f59\u6570\n    int a = n / 3;\n    int b = n % 3;\n    if (b == 1) {\n        // \u5f53\u4f59\u6570\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u4e00\u5bf9 1 * 3 \u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a 2 * 2\n        return (int)pow(3, a - 1) * 2 * 2;\n    }\n    if (b == 2) {\n        // \u5f53\u4f59\u6570\u4e3a 2 \u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u505a\u5904\u7406\n        return (int)pow(3, a) * 2;\n    }\n    // \u5f53\u4f59\u6570\u4e3a 0 \u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u505a\u5904\u7406\n    return (int)pow(3, a);\n}\n
    max_product_cutting.java
    /* \u6700\u5927\u5207\u5206\u4e58\u79ef\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3 */\nint maxProductCutting(int n) {\n    // \u5f53 n <= 3 \u65f6\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5207\u5206\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a 1\n    if (n <= 3) {\n        return 1 * (n - 1);\n    }\n    // \u8d2a\u5fc3\u5730\u5207\u5206\u51fa 3 \uff0ca \u4e3a 3 \u7684\u4e2a\u6570\uff0cb \u4e3a\u4f59\u6570\n    int a = n / 3;\n    int b = n % 3;\n    if (b == 1) {\n        // \u5f53\u4f59\u6570\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u4e00\u5bf9 1 * 3 \u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a 2 * 2\n        return (int) Math.pow(3, a - 1) * 2 * 2;\n    }\n    if (b == 2) {\n        // \u5f53\u4f59\u6570\u4e3a 2 \u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u505a\u5904\u7406\n        return (int) Math.pow(3, a) * 2;\n    }\n    // \u5f53\u4f59\u6570\u4e3a 0 \u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u505a\u5904\u7406\n    return (int) Math.pow(3, a);\n}\n
    max_product_cutting.cs
    /* \u6700\u5927\u5207\u5206\u4e58\u79ef\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3 */\nint MaxProductCutting(int n) {\n    // \u5f53 n <= 3 \u65f6\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5207\u5206\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a 1\n    if (n <= 3) {\n        return 1 * (n - 1);\n    }\n    // \u8d2a\u5fc3\u5730\u5207\u5206\u51fa 3 \uff0ca \u4e3a 3 \u7684\u4e2a\u6570\uff0cb \u4e3a\u4f59\u6570\n    int a = n / 3;\n    int b = n % 3;\n    if (b == 1) {\n        // \u5f53\u4f59\u6570\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u4e00\u5bf9 1 * 3 \u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a 2 * 2\n        return (int)Math.Pow(3, a - 1) * 2 * 2;\n    }\n    if (b == 2) {\n        // \u5f53\u4f59\u6570\u4e3a 2 \u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u505a\u5904\u7406\n        return (int)Math.Pow(3, a) * 2;\n    }\n    // \u5f53\u4f59\u6570\u4e3a 0 \u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u505a\u5904\u7406\n    return (int)Math.Pow(3, a);\n}\n
    max_product_cutting.go
    /* \u6700\u5927\u5207\u5206\u4e58\u79ef\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3 */\nfunc maxProductCutting(n int) int {\n    // \u5f53 n <= 3 \u65f6\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5207\u5206\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a 1\n    if n <= 3 {\n        return 1 * (n - 1)\n    }\n    // \u8d2a\u5fc3\u5730\u5207\u5206\u51fa 3 \uff0ca \u4e3a 3 \u7684\u4e2a\u6570\uff0cb \u4e3a\u4f59\u6570\n    a := n / 3\n    b := n % 3\n    if b == 1 {\n        // \u5f53\u4f59\u6570\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u4e00\u5bf9 1 * 3 \u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a 2 * 2\n        return int(math.Pow(3, float64(a-1))) * 2 * 2\n    }\n    if b == 2 {\n        // \u5f53\u4f59\u6570\u4e3a 2 \u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u505a\u5904\u7406\n        return int(math.Pow(3, float64(a))) * 2\n    }\n    // \u5f53\u4f59\u6570\u4e3a 0 \u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u505a\u5904\u7406\n    return int(math.Pow(3, float64(a)))\n}\n
    max_product_cutting.swift
    /* \u6700\u5927\u5207\u5206\u4e58\u79ef\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3 */\nfunc maxProductCutting(n: Int) -> Int {\n    // \u5f53 n <= 3 \u65f6\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5207\u5206\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a 1\n    if n <= 3 {\n        return 1 * (n - 1)\n    }\n    // \u8d2a\u5fc3\u5730\u5207\u5206\u51fa 3 \uff0ca \u4e3a 3 \u7684\u4e2a\u6570\uff0cb \u4e3a\u4f59\u6570\n    let a = n / 3\n    let b = n % 3\n    if b == 1 {\n        // \u5f53\u4f59\u6570\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u4e00\u5bf9 1 * 3 \u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a 2 * 2\n        return pow(3, a - 1) * 2 * 2\n    }\n    if b == 2 {\n        // \u5f53\u4f59\u6570\u4e3a 2 \u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u505a\u5904\u7406\n        return pow(3, a) * 2\n    }\n    // \u5f53\u4f59\u6570\u4e3a 0 \u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u505a\u5904\u7406\n    return pow(3, a)\n}\n
    max_product_cutting.js
    /* \u6700\u5927\u5207\u5206\u4e58\u79ef\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3 */\nfunction maxProductCutting(n) {\n    // \u5f53 n <= 3 \u65f6\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5207\u5206\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a 1\n    if (n <= 3) {\n        return 1 * (n - 1);\n    }\n    // \u8d2a\u5fc3\u5730\u5207\u5206\u51fa 3 \uff0ca \u4e3a 3 \u7684\u4e2a\u6570\uff0cb \u4e3a\u4f59\u6570\n    let a = Math.floor(n / 3);\n    let b = n % 3;\n    if (b === 1) {\n        // \u5f53\u4f59\u6570\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u4e00\u5bf9 1 * 3 \u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a 2 * 2\n        return Math.pow(3, a - 1) * 2 * 2;\n    }\n    if (b === 2) {\n        // \u5f53\u4f59\u6570\u4e3a 2 \u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u505a\u5904\u7406\n        return Math.pow(3, a) * 2;\n    }\n    // \u5f53\u4f59\u6570\u4e3a 0 \u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u505a\u5904\u7406\n    return Math.pow(3, a);\n}\n
    max_product_cutting.ts
    /* \u6700\u5927\u5207\u5206\u4e58\u79ef\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3 */\nfunction maxProductCutting(n: number): number {\n    // \u5f53 n <= 3 \u65f6\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5207\u5206\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a 1\n    if (n <= 3) {\n        return 1 * (n - 1);\n    }\n    // \u8d2a\u5fc3\u5730\u5207\u5206\u51fa 3 \uff0ca \u4e3a 3 \u7684\u4e2a\u6570\uff0cb \u4e3a\u4f59\u6570\n    let a: number = Math.floor(n / 3);\n    let b: number = n % 3;\n    if (b === 1) {\n        // \u5f53\u4f59\u6570\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u4e00\u5bf9 1 * 3 \u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a 2 * 2\n        return Math.pow(3, a - 1) * 2 * 2;\n    }\n    if (b === 2) {\n        // \u5f53\u4f59\u6570\u4e3a 2 \u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u505a\u5904\u7406\n        return Math.pow(3, a) * 2;\n    }\n    // \u5f53\u4f59\u6570\u4e3a 0 \u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u505a\u5904\u7406\n    return Math.pow(3, a);\n}\n
    max_product_cutting.dart
    /* \u6700\u5927\u5207\u5206\u4e58\u79ef\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3 */\nint maxProductCutting(int n) {\n  // \u5f53 n <= 3 \u65f6\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5207\u5206\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a 1\n  if (n <= 3) {\n    return 1 * (n - 1);\n  }\n  // \u8d2a\u5fc3\u5730\u5207\u5206\u51fa 3 \uff0ca \u4e3a 3 \u7684\u4e2a\u6570\uff0cb \u4e3a\u4f59\u6570\n  int a = n ~/ 3;\n  int b = n % 3;\n  if (b == 1) {\n    // \u5f53\u4f59\u6570\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u4e00\u5bf9 1 * 3 \u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a 2 * 2\n    return (pow(3, a - 1) * 2 * 2).toInt();\n  }\n  if (b == 2) {\n    // \u5f53\u4f59\u6570\u4e3a 2 \u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u505a\u5904\u7406\n    return (pow(3, a) * 2).toInt();\n  }\n  // \u5f53\u4f59\u6570\u4e3a 0 \u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u505a\u5904\u7406\n  return pow(3, a).toInt();\n}\n
    max_product_cutting.rs
    /* \u6700\u5927\u5207\u5206\u4e58\u79ef\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3 */\nfn max_product_cutting(n: i32) -> i32 {\n    // \u5f53 n <= 3 \u65f6\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5207\u5206\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a 1\n    if n <= 3 {\n        return 1 * (n - 1);\n    }\n    // \u8d2a\u5fc3\u5730\u5207\u5206\u51fa 3 \uff0ca \u4e3a 3 \u7684\u4e2a\u6570\uff0cb \u4e3a\u4f59\u6570\n    let a = n / 3;\n    let b = n % 3;\n    if b == 1 {\n        // \u5f53\u4f59\u6570\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u4e00\u5bf9 1 * 3 \u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a 2 * 2\n        3_i32.pow(a as u32 - 1) * 2 * 2\n    } else if b == 2 {\n        // \u5f53\u4f59\u6570\u4e3a 2 \u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u505a\u5904\u7406\n        3_i32.pow(a as u32) * 2\n    } else {\n        // \u5f53\u4f59\u6570\u4e3a 0 \u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u505a\u5904\u7406\n        3_i32.pow(a as u32)\n    }\n}\n
    max_product_cutting.c
    /* \u6700\u5927\u5207\u5206\u4e58\u79ef\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3 */\nint maxProductCutting(int n) {\n    // \u5f53 n <= 3 \u65f6\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5207\u5206\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a 1\n    if (n <= 3) {\n        return 1 * (n - 1);\n    }\n    // \u8d2a\u5fc3\u5730\u5207\u5206\u51fa 3 \uff0ca \u4e3a 3 \u7684\u4e2a\u6570\uff0cb \u4e3a\u4f59\u6570\n    int a = n / 3;\n    int b = n % 3;\n    if (b == 1) {\n        // \u5f53\u4f59\u6570\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u4e00\u5bf9 1 * 3 \u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a 2 * 2\n        return pow(3, a - 1) * 2 * 2;\n    }\n    if (b == 2) {\n        // \u5f53\u4f59\u6570\u4e3a 2 \u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u505a\u5904\u7406\n        return pow(3, a) * 2;\n    }\n    // \u5f53\u4f59\u6570\u4e3a 0 \u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u505a\u5904\u7406\n    return pow(3, a);\n}\n
    max_product_cutting.zig
    [class]{}-[func]{maxProductCutting}\n

    \u56fe 15-16 \u00a0 \u6700\u5927\u5207\u5206\u4e58\u79ef\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u65b9\u6cd5

    \u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u5e42\u8fd0\u7b97\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u4ee5 Python \u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u5e42\u8ba1\u7b97\u51fd\u6570\u6709\u4e09\u79cd\u3002

    • \u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26 ** \u548c\u51fd\u6570 pow() \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5747\u4e3a \\(O(\\log\u2061 a)\\) \u3002
    • \u51fd\u6570 math.pow() \u5185\u90e8\u8c03\u7528 C \u8bed\u8a00\u5e93\u7684 pow() \u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5176\u6267\u884c\u6d6e\u70b9\u53d6\u5e42\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(1)\\) \u3002

    \u53d8\u91cf \\(a\\) \u548c \\(b\\) \u4f7f\u7528\u5e38\u6570\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u989d\u5916\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(1)\\) \u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_greedy/max_product_cutting_problem/#3","title":"3. \u00a0 \u6b63\u786e\u6027\u8bc1\u660e","text":"

    \u4f7f\u7528\u53cd\u8bc1\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ea\u5206\u6790 \\(n \\geq 3\\) \u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002

    1. \u6240\u6709\u56e0\u5b50 \\(\\leq 3\\) \uff1a\u5047\u8bbe\u6700\u4f18\u5207\u5206\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728 \\(\\geq 4\\) \u7684\u56e0\u5b50 \\(x\\) \uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4e00\u5b9a\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u5176\u7ee7\u7eed\u5212\u5206\u4e3a \\(2(x-2)\\) \uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u83b7\u5f97\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u4e58\u79ef\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0e\u5047\u8bbe\u77db\u76fe\u3002
    2. \u5207\u5206\u65b9\u6848\u4e0d\u5305\u542b \\(1\\) \uff1a\u5047\u8bbe\u6700\u4f18\u5207\u5206\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u56e0\u5b50 \\(1\\) \uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5b83\u4e00\u5b9a\u53ef\u4ee5\u5408\u5e76\u5165\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e2a\u56e0\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u4e58\u79ef\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0e\u5047\u8bbe\u77db\u76fe\u3002
    3. \u5207\u5206\u65b9\u6848\u6700\u591a\u5305\u542b\u4e24\u4e2a \\(2\\) \uff1a\u5047\u8bbe\u6700\u4f18\u5207\u5206\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u4e09\u4e2a \\(2\\) \uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4e00\u5b9a\u53ef\u4ee5\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a \\(3\\) \uff0c\u4e58\u79ef\u66f4\u5927\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0e\u5047\u8bbe\u77db\u76fe\u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_greedy/summary/","title":"15.5 \u00a0 \u5c0f\u7ed3","text":"
    • \u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u89e3\u51b3\u6700\u4f18\u5316\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5176\u539f\u7406\u662f\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u51b3\u7b56\u9636\u6bb5\u90fd\u505a\u51fa\u5c40\u90e8\u6700\u4f18\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\uff0c\u4ee5\u671f\u83b7\u5f97\u5168\u5c40\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u3002
    • \u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u4f1a\u8fed\u4ee3\u5730\u505a\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c8\u4e00\u4e2a\u7684\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6bcf\u8f6e\u90fd\u5c06\u95ee\u9898\u8f6c\u5316\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u89c4\u6a21\u66f4\u5c0f\u7684\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u95ee\u9898\u88ab\u89e3\u51b3\u3002
    • \u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5b9e\u73b0\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u8fd8\u5177\u6709\u5f88\u9ad8\u7684\u89e3\u9898\u6548\u7387\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e8e\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\uff0c\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u901a\u5e38\u66f4\u4f4e\u3002
    • \u5728\u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\u95ee\u9898\u4e2d\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e9b\u786c\u5e01\u7ec4\u5408\uff0c\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u627e\u5230\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\uff1b\u5bf9\u4e8e\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e9b\u786c\u5e01\u7ec4\u5408\u5219\u4e0d\u7136\uff0c\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u53ef\u80fd\u627e\u5230\u5f88\u5dee\u7684\u89e3\u3002
    • \u9002\u5408\u7528\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u6c42\u89e3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5177\u6709\u4e24\u5927\u6027\u8d28\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u8d28\u548c\u6700\u4f18\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u8d28\u4ee3\u8868\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\u3002
    • \u5bf9\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e9b\u590d\u6742\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u8bc1\u660e\u5e76\u4e0d\u7b80\u5355\u3002\u76f8\u5bf9\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8bc1\u4f2a\u66f4\u52a0\u5bb9\u6613\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\u95ee\u9898\u3002
    • \u6c42\u89e3\u8d2a\u5fc3\u95ee\u9898\u4e3b\u8981\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u6b65\uff1a\u95ee\u9898\u5206\u6790\u3001\u786e\u5b9a\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b56\u7565\u3001\u6b63\u786e\u6027\u8bc1\u660e\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u786e\u5b9a\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b56\u7565\u662f\u6838\u5fc3\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u6b63\u786e\u6027\u8bc1\u660e\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u96be\u70b9\u3002
    • \u5206\u6570\u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898\u5728 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u9009\u62e9\u7269\u54c1\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u4f7f\u7528\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u6c42\u89e3\u3002\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u6027\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u53cd\u8bc1\u6cd5\u6765\u8bc1\u660e\u3002
    • \u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\u95ee\u9898\u53ef\u4f7f\u7528\u7a77\u4e3e\u6cd5\u6c42\u89e3\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n^2)\\) \u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u6bcf\u8f6e\u5411\u5185\u79fb\u52a8\u77ed\u677f\uff0c\u53ef\u5c06\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4f18\u5316\u81f3 \\(O(n)\\) \u3002
    • \u5728\u6700\u5927\u5207\u5206\u4e58\u79ef\u95ee\u9898\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5148\u540e\u63a8\u7406\u51fa\u4e24\u4e2a\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b56\u7565\uff1a\\(\\geq 4\\) \u7684\u6574\u6570\u90fd\u5e94\u8be5\u7ee7\u7eed\u5207\u5206\uff0c\u6700\u4f18\u5207\u5206\u56e0\u5b50\u4e3a \\(3\\) \u3002\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u5e42\u8fd0\u7b97\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5e42\u8fd0\u7b97\u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4e3a \\(O(1)\\) \u6216 \\(O(\\log n)\\) \u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_hashing/","title":"\u7b2c 6 \u7ae0 \u00a0 \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868","text":"

    Abstract

    \u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5982\u540c\u4e00\u4f4d\u806a\u6167\u7684\u56fe\u4e66\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u3002

    \u4ed6\u77e5\u9053\u5982\u4f55\u8ba1\u7b97\u7d22\u4e66\u53f7\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5feb\u901f\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u56fe\u4e66\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_hashing/#_1","title":"\u672c\u7ae0\u5185\u5bb9","text":"
    • 6.1 \u00a0 \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868
    • 6.2 \u00a0 \u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81
    • 6.3 \u00a0 \u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5
    • 6.4 \u00a0 \u5c0f\u7ed3
    "},{"location":"chapter_hashing/hash_algorithm/","title":"6.3 \u00a0 \u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5","text":"

    \u524d\u4e24\u8282\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u548c\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u5904\u7406\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u7136\u800c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5f00\u653e\u5bfb\u5740\u8fd8\u662f\u94fe\u5f0f\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u53ea\u80fd\u4fdd\u8bc1\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u53d1\u751f\u51b2\u7a81\u65f6\u6b63\u5e38\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u800c\u65e0\u6cd5\u51cf\u5c11\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u53d1\u751f\u3002

    \u5982\u679c\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\u8fc7\u4e8e\u9891\u7e41\uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u5219\u4f1a\u6025\u5267\u52a3\u5316\u3002\u5982\u56fe 6-8 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u94fe\u5f0f\u5730\u5740\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u7406\u60f3\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u5747\u5300\u5206\u5e03\u5728\u5404\u4e2a\u6876\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u4f73\u67e5\u8be2\u6548\u7387\uff1b\u6700\u5dee\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u6240\u6709\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u90fd\u5b58\u50a8\u5230\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6876\u4e2d\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u9000\u5316\u81f3 \\(O(n)\\) \u3002

    \u56fe 6-8 \u00a0 \u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0e\u6700\u5dee\u60c5\u51b5

    \u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u60c5\u51b5\u7531\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002\u56de\u5fc6\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u5148\u8ba1\u7b97\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\uff0c\u518d\u5bf9\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u53d6\u6a21\uff1a

    index = hash(key) % capacity\n

    \u89c2\u5bdf\u4ee5\u4e0a\u516c\u5f0f\uff0c\u5f53\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf capacity \u56fa\u5b9a\u65f6\uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5 hash() \u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u8f93\u51fa\u503c\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u5728\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u60c5\u51b5\u3002

    \u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u964d\u4f4e\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u53d1\u751f\u6982\u7387\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u5f53\u5c06\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5 hash() \u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e0a\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_hashing/hash_algorithm/#631","title":"6.3.1 \u00a0 \u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u76ee\u6807","text":"

    \u4e3a\u4e86\u5b9e\u73b0\u201c\u65e2\u5feb\u53c8\u7a33\u201d\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u5e94\u5177\u5907\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7279\u70b9\u3002

    • \u786e\u5b9a\u6027\uff1a\u5bf9\u4e8e\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u5e94\u59cb\u7ec8\u4ea7\u751f\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u624d\u80fd\u786e\u4fdd\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u662f\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u3002
    • \u6548\u7387\u9ad8\uff1a\u8ba1\u7b97\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5e94\u8be5\u8db3\u591f\u5feb\u3002\u8ba1\u7b97\u5f00\u9500\u8d8a\u5c0f\uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u7684\u5b9e\u7528\u6027\u8d8a\u9ad8\u3002
    • \u5747\u5300\u5206\u5e03\uff1a\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u5e94\u4f7f\u5f97\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u5747\u5300\u5206\u5e03\u5728\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u3002\u5206\u5e03\u8d8a\u5747\u5300\uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u6982\u7387\u5c31\u8d8a\u4f4e\u3002

    \u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u9664\u4e86\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u8fd8\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\u3002

    • \u5bc6\u7801\u5b58\u50a8\uff1a\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u62a4\u7528\u6237\u5bc6\u7801\u7684\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u4f1a\u76f4\u63a5\u5b58\u50a8\u7528\u6237\u7684\u660e\u6587\u5bc6\u7801\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5b58\u50a8\u5bc6\u7801\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u3002\u5f53\u7528\u6237\u8f93\u5165\u5bc6\u7801\u65f6\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u5bf9\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u8ba1\u7b97\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4e0e\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e24\u8005\u5339\u914d\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5bc6\u7801\u5c31\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u6b63\u786e\u3002
    • \u6570\u636e\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u68c0\u67e5\uff1a\u6570\u636e\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba1\u7b97\u6570\u636e\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u4e00\u540c\u53d1\u9001\uff1b\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u65b0\u8ba1\u7b97\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0e\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e24\u8005\u5339\u914d\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6570\u636e\u5c31\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5b8c\u6574\u3002

    \u5bf9\u4e8e\u5bc6\u7801\u5b66\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u9632\u6b62\u4ece\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u63a8\u5bfc\u51fa\u539f\u59cb\u5bc6\u7801\u7b49\u9006\u5411\u5de5\u7a0b\uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u9700\u8981\u5177\u5907\u66f4\u9ad8\u7b49\u7ea7\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u7279\u6027\u3002

    • \u5355\u5411\u6027\uff1a\u65e0\u6cd5\u901a\u8fc7\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u53cd\u63a8\u51fa\u5173\u4e8e\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u4fe1\u606f\u3002
    • \u6297\u78b0\u649e\u6027\uff1a\u5e94\u5f53\u6781\u96be\u627e\u5230\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u76f8\u540c\u3002
    • \u96ea\u5d29\u6548\u5e94\uff1a\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u5fae\u5c0f\u53d8\u5316\u5e94\u5f53\u5bfc\u81f4\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u663e\u8457\u4e14\u4e0d\u53ef\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3002

    \u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u201c\u5747\u5300\u5206\u5e03\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u6297\u78b0\u649e\u6027\u201d\u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u6ee1\u8db3\u5747\u5300\u5206\u5e03\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u6ee1\u8db3\u6297\u78b0\u649e\u6027\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u968f\u673a\u8f93\u5165 key \u4e0b\uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570 key % 100 \u53ef\u4ee5\u4ea7\u751f\u5747\u5300\u5206\u5e03\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u7136\u800c\u8be5\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u8fc7\u4e8e\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u540e\u4e24\u4f4d\u76f8\u7b49\u7684 key \u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u90fd\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u5730\u4ece\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u53cd\u63a8\u51fa\u53ef\u7528\u7684 key \uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u7834\u89e3\u5bc6\u7801\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_hashing/hash_algorithm/#632","title":"6.3.2 \u00a0 \u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1","text":"

    \u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9700\u8981\u8003\u8651\u8bb8\u591a\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u590d\u6742\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u7136\u800c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e9b\u8981\u6c42\u4e0d\u9ad8\u7684\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u80fd\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e00\u4e9b\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002

    • \u52a0\u6cd5\u54c8\u5e0c\uff1a\u5bf9\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u7684 ASCII \u7801\u8fdb\u884c\u76f8\u52a0\uff0c\u5c06\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u603b\u548c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u3002
    • \u4e58\u6cd5\u54c8\u5e0c\uff1a\u5229\u7528\u4e58\u6cd5\u7684\u4e0d\u76f8\u5173\u6027\uff0c\u6bcf\u8f6e\u4e58\u4ee5\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e38\u6570\uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u7684 ASCII \u7801\u7d2f\u79ef\u5230\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e2d\u3002
    • \u5f02\u6216\u54c8\u5e0c\uff1a\u5c06\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u901a\u8fc7\u5f02\u6216\u64cd\u4f5c\u7d2f\u79ef\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e2d\u3002
    • \u65cb\u8f6c\u54c8\u5e0c\uff1a\u5c06\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u7684 ASCII \u7801\u7d2f\u79ef\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u7d2f\u79ef\u4e4b\u524d\u90fd\u4f1a\u5bf9\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u8fdb\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002
    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig simple_hash.py
    def add_hash(key: str) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u52a0\u6cd5\u54c8\u5e0c\"\"\"\n    hash = 0\n    modulus = 1000000007\n    for c in key:\n        hash += ord(c)\n    return hash % modulus\n\ndef mul_hash(key: str) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u4e58\u6cd5\u54c8\u5e0c\"\"\"\n    hash = 0\n    modulus = 1000000007\n    for c in key:\n        hash = 31 * hash + ord(c)\n    return hash % modulus\n\ndef xor_hash(key: str) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u5f02\u6216\u54c8\u5e0c\"\"\"\n    hash = 0\n    modulus = 1000000007\n    for c in key:\n        hash ^= ord(c)\n    return hash % modulus\n\ndef rot_hash(key: str) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u65cb\u8f6c\u54c8\u5e0c\"\"\"\n    hash = 0\n    modulus = 1000000007\n    for c in key:\n        hash = (hash << 4) ^ (hash >> 28) ^ ord(c)\n    return hash % modulus\n
    simple_hash.cpp
    /* \u52a0\u6cd5\u54c8\u5e0c */\nint addHash(string key) {\n    long long hash = 0;\n    const int MODULUS = 1000000007;\n    for (unsigned char c : key) {\n        hash = (hash + (int)c) % MODULUS;\n    }\n    return (int)hash;\n}\n\n/* \u4e58\u6cd5\u54c8\u5e0c */\nint mulHash(string key) {\n    long long hash = 0;\n    const int MODULUS = 1000000007;\n    for (unsigned char c : key) {\n        hash = (31 * hash + (int)c) % MODULUS;\n    }\n    return (int)hash;\n}\n\n/* \u5f02\u6216\u54c8\u5e0c */\nint xorHash(string key) {\n    int hash = 0;\n    const int MODULUS = 1000000007;\n    for (unsigned char c : key) {\n        hash ^= (int)c;\n    }\n    return hash & MODULUS;\n}\n\n/* \u65cb\u8f6c\u54c8\u5e0c */\nint rotHash(string key) {\n    long long hash = 0;\n    const int MODULUS = 1000000007;\n    for (unsigned char c : key) {\n        hash = ((hash << 4) ^ (hash >> 28) ^ (int)c) % MODULUS;\n    }\n    return (int)hash;\n}\n
    simple_hash.java
    /* \u52a0\u6cd5\u54c8\u5e0c */\nint addHash(String key) {\n    long hash = 0;\n    final int MODULUS = 1000000007;\n    for (char c : key.toCharArray()) {\n        hash = (hash + (int) c) % MODULUS;\n    }\n    return (int) hash;\n}\n\n/* \u4e58\u6cd5\u54c8\u5e0c */\nint mulHash(String key) {\n    long hash = 0;\n    final int MODULUS = 1000000007;\n    for (char c : key.toCharArray()) {\n        hash = (31 * hash + (int) c) % MODULUS;\n    }\n    return (int) hash;\n}\n\n/* \u5f02\u6216\u54c8\u5e0c */\nint xorHash(String key) {\n    int hash = 0;\n    final int MODULUS = 1000000007;\n    for (char c : key.toCharArray()) {\n        hash ^= (int) c;\n    }\n    return hash & MODULUS;\n}\n\n/* \u65cb\u8f6c\u54c8\u5e0c */\nint rotHash(String key) {\n    long hash = 0;\n    final int MODULUS = 1000000007;\n    for (char c : key.toCharArray()) {\n        hash = ((hash << 4) ^ (hash >> 28) ^ (int) c) % MODULUS;\n    }\n    return (int) hash;\n}\n
    simple_hash.cs
    /* \u52a0\u6cd5\u54c8\u5e0c */\nint AddHash(string key) {\n    long hash = 0;\n    const int MODULUS = 1000000007;\n    foreach (char c in key) {\n        hash = (hash + c) % MODULUS;\n    }\n    return (int)hash;\n}\n\n/* \u4e58\u6cd5\u54c8\u5e0c */\nint MulHash(string key) {\n    long hash = 0;\n    const int MODULUS = 1000000007;\n    foreach (char c in key) {\n        hash = (31 * hash + c) % MODULUS;\n    }\n    return (int)hash;\n}\n\n/* \u5f02\u6216\u54c8\u5e0c */\nint XorHash(string key) {\n    int hash = 0;\n    const int MODULUS = 1000000007;\n    foreach (char c in key) {\n        hash ^= c;\n    }\n    return hash & MODULUS;\n}\n\n/* \u65cb\u8f6c\u54c8\u5e0c */\nint RotHash(string key) {\n    long hash = 0;\n    const int MODULUS = 1000000007;\n    foreach (char c in key) {\n        hash = ((hash << 4) ^ (hash >> 28) ^ c) % MODULUS;\n    }\n    return (int)hash;\n}\n
    simple_hash.go
    /* \u52a0\u6cd5\u54c8\u5e0c */\nfunc addHash(key string) int {\n    var hash int64\n    var modulus int64\n\n    modulus = 1000000007\n    for _, b := range []byte(key) {\n        hash = (hash + int64(b)) % modulus\n    }\n    return int(hash)\n}\n\n/* \u4e58\u6cd5\u54c8\u5e0c */\nfunc mulHash(key string) int {\n    var hash int64\n    var modulus int64\n\n    modulus = 1000000007\n    for _, b := range []byte(key) {\n        hash = (31*hash + int64(b)) % modulus\n    }\n    return int(hash)\n}\n\n/* \u5f02\u6216\u54c8\u5e0c */\nfunc xorHash(key string) int {\n    hash := 0\n    modulus := 1000000007\n    for _, b := range []byte(key) {\n        fmt.Println(int(b))\n        hash ^= int(b)\n        hash = (31*hash + int(b)) % modulus\n    }\n    return hash & modulus\n}\n\n/* \u65cb\u8f6c\u54c8\u5e0c */\nfunc rotHash(key string) int {\n    var hash int64\n    var modulus int64\n\n    modulus = 1000000007\n    for _, b := range []byte(key) {\n        hash = ((hash << 4) ^ (hash >> 28) ^ int64(b)) % modulus\n    }\n    return int(hash)\n}\n
    simple_hash.swift
    /* \u52a0\u6cd5\u54c8\u5e0c */\nfunc addHash(key: String) -> Int {\n    var hash = 0\n    let MODULUS = 1_000_000_007\n    for c in key {\n        for scalar in c.unicodeScalars {\n            hash = (hash + Int(scalar.value)) % MODULUS\n        }\n    }\n    return hash\n}\n\n/* \u4e58\u6cd5\u54c8\u5e0c */\nfunc mulHash(key: String) -> Int {\n    var hash = 0\n    let MODULUS = 1_000_000_007\n    for c in key {\n        for scalar in c.unicodeScalars {\n            hash = (31 * hash + Int(scalar.value)) % MODULUS\n        }\n    }\n    return hash\n}\n\n/* \u5f02\u6216\u54c8\u5e0c */\nfunc xorHash(key: String) -> Int {\n    var hash = 0\n    let MODULUS = 1_000_000_007\n    for c in key {\n        for scalar in c.unicodeScalars {\n            hash ^= Int(scalar.value)\n        }\n    }\n    return hash & MODULUS\n}\n\n/* \u65cb\u8f6c\u54c8\u5e0c */\nfunc rotHash(key: String) -> Int {\n    var hash = 0\n    let MODULUS = 1_000_000_007\n    for c in key {\n        for scalar in c.unicodeScalars {\n            hash = ((hash << 4) ^ (hash >> 28) ^ Int(scalar.value)) % MODULUS\n        }\n    }\n    return hash\n}\n
    simple_hash.js
    /* \u52a0\u6cd5\u54c8\u5e0c */\nfunction addHash(key) {\n    let hash = 0;\n    const MODULUS = 1000000007;\n    for (const c of key) {\n        hash = (hash + c.charCodeAt(0)) % MODULUS;\n    }\n    return hash;\n}\n\n/* \u4e58\u6cd5\u54c8\u5e0c */\nfunction mulHash(key) {\n    let hash = 0;\n    const MODULUS = 1000000007;\n    for (const c of key) {\n        hash = (31 * hash + c.charCodeAt(0)) % MODULUS;\n    }\n    return hash;\n}\n\n/* \u5f02\u6216\u54c8\u5e0c */\nfunction xorHash(key) {\n    let hash = 0;\n    const MODULUS = 1000000007;\n    for (const c of key) {\n        hash ^= c.charCodeAt(0);\n    }\n    return hash & MODULUS;\n}\n\n/* \u65cb\u8f6c\u54c8\u5e0c */\nfunction rotHash(key) {\n    let hash = 0;\n    const MODULUS = 1000000007;\n    for (const c of key) {\n        hash = ((hash << 4) ^ (hash >> 28) ^ c.charCodeAt(0)) % MODULUS;\n    }\n    return hash;\n}\n
    simple_hash.ts
    /* \u52a0\u6cd5\u54c8\u5e0c */\nfunction addHash(key: string): number {\n    let hash = 0;\n    const MODULUS = 1000000007;\n    for (const c of key) {\n        hash = (hash + c.charCodeAt(0)) % MODULUS;\n    }\n    return hash;\n}\n\n/* \u4e58\u6cd5\u54c8\u5e0c */\nfunction mulHash(key: string): number {\n    let hash = 0;\n    const MODULUS = 1000000007;\n    for (const c of key) {\n        hash = (31 * hash + c.charCodeAt(0)) % MODULUS;\n    }\n    return hash;\n}\n\n/* \u5f02\u6216\u54c8\u5e0c */\nfunction xorHash(key: string): number {\n    let hash = 0;\n    const MODULUS = 1000000007;\n    for (const c of key) {\n        hash ^= c.charCodeAt(0);\n    }\n    return hash & MODULUS;\n}\n\n/* \u65cb\u8f6c\u54c8\u5e0c */\nfunction rotHash(key: string): number {\n    let hash = 0;\n    const MODULUS = 1000000007;\n    for (const c of key) {\n        hash = ((hash << 4) ^ (hash >> 28) ^ c.charCodeAt(0)) % MODULUS;\n    }\n    return hash;\n}\n
    simple_hash.dart
    /* \u52a0\u6cd5\u54c8\u5e0c */\nint addHash(String key) {\n  int hash = 0;\n  final int MODULUS = 1000000007;\n  for (int i = 0; i < key.length; i++) {\n    hash = (hash + key.codeUnitAt(i)) % MODULUS;\n  }\n  return hash;\n}\n\n/* \u4e58\u6cd5\u54c8\u5e0c */\nint mulHash(String key) {\n  int hash = 0;\n  final int MODULUS = 1000000007;\n  for (int i = 0; i < key.length; i++) {\n    hash = (31 * hash + key.codeUnitAt(i)) % MODULUS;\n  }\n  return hash;\n}\n\n/* \u5f02\u6216\u54c8\u5e0c */\nint xorHash(String key) {\n  int hash = 0;\n  final int MODULUS = 1000000007;\n  for (int i = 0; i < key.length; i++) {\n    hash ^= key.codeUnitAt(i);\n  }\n  return hash & MODULUS;\n}\n\n/* \u65cb\u8f6c\u54c8\u5e0c */\nint rotHash(String key) {\n  int hash = 0;\n  final int MODULUS = 1000000007;\n  for (int i = 0; i < key.length; i++) {\n    hash = ((hash << 4) ^ (hash >> 28) ^ key.codeUnitAt(i)) % MODULUS;\n  }\n  return hash;\n}\n
    simple_hash.rs
    /* \u52a0\u6cd5\u54c8\u5e0c */\nfn add_hash(key: &str) -> i32 {\n    let mut hash = 0_i64;\n    const MODULUS: i64 = 1000000007;\n\n    for c in key.chars() {\n        hash = (hash + c as i64) % MODULUS;\n    }\n\n    hash as i32\n} \n\n/* \u4e58\u6cd5\u54c8\u5e0c */\nfn mul_hash(key: &str) -> i32 {\n    let mut hash = 0_i64;\n    const MODULUS: i64 = 1000000007;\n\n    for c in key.chars() {\n        hash = (31 * hash + c as i64) % MODULUS;\n    }\n\n    hash as i32\n}\n\n/* \u5f02\u6216\u54c8\u5e0c */\nfn xor_hash(key: &str) -> i32 {\n    let mut hash = 0_i64;\n    const MODULUS: i64 = 1000000007;\n\n    for c in key.chars() {\n        hash ^= c as i64;\n    }\n\n    (hash & MODULUS) as i32\n}\n\n/* \u65cb\u8f6c\u54c8\u5e0c */\nfn rot_hash(key: &str) -> i32 {\n    let mut hash = 0_i64;\n    const MODULUS: i64 = 1000000007;\n\n    for c in key.chars() {\n        hash = ((hash << 4) ^ (hash >> 28) ^ c as i64) % MODULUS;\n    }\n\n    hash as i32\n}\n
    simple_hash.c
    /* \u52a0\u6cd5\u54c8\u5e0c */\nint addHash(char *key) {\n    long long hash = 0;\n    const int MODULUS = 1000000007;\n    for (int i = 0; i < strlen(key); i++) {\n        hash = (hash + (unsigned char)key[i]) % MODULUS;\n    }\n    return (int)hash;\n}\n\n/* \u4e58\u6cd5\u54c8\u5e0c */\nint mulHash(char *key) {\n    long long hash = 0;\n    const int MODULUS = 1000000007;\n    for (int i = 0; i < strlen(key); i++) {\n        hash = (31 * hash + (unsigned char)key[i]) % MODULUS;\n    }\n    return (int)hash;\n}\n\n/* \u5f02\u6216\u54c8\u5e0c */\nint xorHash(char *key) {\n    int hash = 0;\n    const int MODULUS = 1000000007;\n\n    for (int i = 0; i < strlen(key); i++) {\n        hash ^= (unsigned char)key[i];\n    }\n    return hash & MODULUS;\n}\n\n/* \u65cb\u8f6c\u54c8\u5e0c */\nint rotHash(char *key) {\n    long long hash = 0;\n    const int MODULUS = 1000000007;\n    for (int i = 0; i < strlen(key); i++) {\n        hash = ((hash << 4) ^ (hash >> 28) ^ (unsigned char)key[i]) % MODULUS;\n    }\n\n    return (int)hash;\n}\n
    simple_hash.zig
    [class]{}-[func]{addHash}\n\n[class]{}-[func]{mulHash}\n\n[class]{}-[func]{xorHash}\n\n[class]{}-[func]{rotHash}\n

    \u89c2\u5bdf\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u6bcf\u79cd\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b65\u90fd\u662f\u5bf9\u5927\u8d28\u6570 \\(1000000007\\) \u53d6\u6a21\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u5728\u5408\u9002\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u601d\u8003\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u5f3a\u8c03\u5bf9\u8d28\u6570\u53d6\u6a21\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\u5bf9\u5408\u6570\u53d6\u6a21\u7684\u5f0a\u7aef\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002

    \u5148\u629b\u51fa\u7ed3\u8bba\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u5927\u8d28\u6570\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6a21\u6570\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6700\u5927\u5316\u5730\u4fdd\u8bc1\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u7684\u5747\u5300\u5206\u5e03\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u8d28\u6570\u4e0d\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u6570\u5b57\u5b58\u5728\u516c\u7ea6\u6570\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u56e0\u53d6\u6a21\u64cd\u4f5c\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u5468\u671f\u6027\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u907f\u514d\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\u3002

    \u4e3e\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u6570 \\(9\\) \u4f5c\u4e3a\u6a21\u6570\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab \\(3\\) \u6574\u9664\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab \\(3\\) \u6574\u9664\u7684 key \u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u6620\u5c04\u5230 \\(0\\)\u3001\\(3\\)\u3001\\(6\\) \u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u3002

    \\[ \\begin{aligned} \\text{modulus} & = 9 \\newline \\text{key} & = \\{ 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30, 33, \\dots \\} \\newline \\text{hash} & = \\{ 0, 3, 6, 0, 3, 6, 0, 3, 6, 0, 3, 6,\\dots \\} \\end{aligned} \\]

    \u5982\u679c\u8f93\u5165 key \u6070\u597d\u6ee1\u8db3\u8fd9\u79cd\u7b49\u5dee\u6570\u5217\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5206\u5e03\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u5c31\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u805a\u5806\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u52a0\u91cd\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u5047\u8bbe\u5c06 modulus \u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u8d28\u6570 \\(13\\) \uff0c\u7531\u4e8e key \u548c modulus \u4e4b\u95f4\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u516c\u7ea6\u6570\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u7684\u5747\u5300\u6027\u4f1a\u660e\u663e\u63d0\u5347\u3002

    \\[ \\begin{aligned} \\text{modulus} & = 13 \\newline \\text{key} & = \\{ 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30, 33, \\dots \\} \\newline \\text{hash} & = \\{ 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 2, 5, 8, 11, 1, 4, 7, \\dots \\} \\end{aligned} \\]

    \u503c\u5f97\u8bf4\u660e\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u80fd\u591f\u4fdd\u8bc1 key \u662f\u968f\u673a\u5747\u5300\u5206\u5e03\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u9009\u62e9\u8d28\u6570\u6216\u8005\u5408\u6570\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6a21\u6570\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u80fd\u8f93\u51fa\u5747\u5300\u5206\u5e03\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u3002\u800c\u5f53 key \u7684\u5206\u5e03\u5b58\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u5468\u671f\u6027\u65f6\uff0c\u5bf9\u5408\u6570\u53d6\u6a21\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u51fa\u73b0\u805a\u96c6\u73b0\u8c61\u3002

    \u603b\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u9009\u53d6\u8d28\u6570\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6a21\u6570\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8d28\u6570\u6700\u597d\u8db3\u591f\u5927\uff0c\u4ee5\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u6d88\u9664\u5468\u671f\u6027\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u63d0\u5347\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u7a33\u5065\u6027\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_hashing/hash_algorithm/#633","title":"6.3.3 \u00a0 \u5e38\u89c1\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5","text":"

    \u4e0d\u96be\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4ecb\u7ecd\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u90fd\u6bd4\u8f83\u201c\u8106\u5f31\u201d\uff0c\u8fdc\u8fdc\u6ca1\u6709\u8fbe\u5230\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u52a0\u6cd5\u548c\u5f02\u6216\u6ee1\u8db3\u4ea4\u6362\u5f8b\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u52a0\u6cd5\u54c8\u5e0c\u548c\u5f02\u6216\u54c8\u5e0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u533a\u5206\u5185\u5bb9\u76f8\u540c\u4f46\u987a\u5e8f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u52a0\u5267\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u5e76\u5f15\u8d77\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b89\u5168\u95ee\u9898\u3002

    \u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u7528\u4e00\u4e9b\u6807\u51c6\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 MD5\u3001SHA-1\u3001SHA-2 \u548c SHA-3 \u7b49\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u4efb\u610f\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u6620\u5c04\u5230\u6052\u5b9a\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u3002

    \u8fd1\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u5904\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u5347\u7ea7\u4e0e\u4f18\u5316\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u3002\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u52aa\u529b\u63d0\u5347\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u548c\u9ed1\u5ba2\u5219\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u5bfb\u627e\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u8868 6-2 \u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002

    • MD5 \u548c SHA-1 \u5df2\u591a\u6b21\u88ab\u6210\u529f\u653b\u51fb\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u4eec\u88ab\u5404\u7c7b\u5b89\u5168\u5e94\u7528\u5f03\u7528\u3002
    • SHA-2 \u7cfb\u5217\u4e2d\u7684 SHA-256 \u662f\u6700\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u4ecd\u672a\u51fa\u73b0\u6210\u529f\u7684\u653b\u51fb\u6848\u4f8b\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5e38\u7528\u5728\u5404\u7c7b\u5b89\u5168\u5e94\u7528\u4e0e\u534f\u8bae\u4e2d\u3002
    • SHA-3 \u76f8\u8f83 SHA-2 \u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u5f00\u9500\u66f4\u4f4e\u3001\u8ba1\u7b97\u6548\u7387\u66f4\u9ad8\uff0c\u4f46\u76ee\u524d\u4f7f\u7528\u8986\u76d6\u5ea6\u4e0d\u5982 SHA-2 \u7cfb\u5217\u3002

    \u8868 6-2 \u00a0 \u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5

    MD5 SHA-1 SHA-2 SHA-3 \u63a8\u51fa\u65f6\u95f4 1992 1995 2002 2008 \u8f93\u51fa\u957f\u5ea6 128 bit 160 bit 256/512 bit 224/256/384/512 bit \u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81 \u8f83\u591a \u8f83\u591a \u5f88\u5c11 \u5f88\u5c11 \u5b89\u5168\u7b49\u7ea7 \u4f4e\uff0c\u5df2\u88ab\u6210\u529f\u653b\u51fb \u4f4e\uff0c\u5df2\u88ab\u6210\u529f\u653b\u51fb \u9ad8 \u9ad8 \u5e94\u7528 \u5df2\u88ab\u5f03\u7528\uff0c\u4ecd\u7528\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u68c0\u67e5 \u5df2\u88ab\u5f03\u7528 \u52a0\u5bc6\u8d27\u5e01\u4ea4\u6613\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3001\u6570\u5b57\u7b7e\u540d\u7b49 \u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u66ff\u4ee3 SHA-2"},{"location":"chapter_hashing/hash_algorithm/#634","title":"6.3.4 \u00a0 \u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c","text":"

    \u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u7684 key \u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u6574\u6570\u3001\u5c0f\u6570\u6216\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7b49\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u63d0\u4f9b\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8ba1\u7b97\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\u3002\u4ee5 Python \u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8c03\u7528 hash() \u51fd\u6570\u6765\u8ba1\u7b97\u5404\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u3002

    • \u6574\u6570\u548c\u5e03\u5c14\u91cf\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u5c31\u662f\u5176\u672c\u8eab\u3002
    • \u6d6e\u70b9\u6570\u548c\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u8ba1\u7b97\u8f83\u4e3a\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u6709\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u8bfb\u8005\u8bf7\u81ea\u884c\u5b66\u4e60\u3002
    • \u5143\u7ec4\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u662f\u5bf9\u5176\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u8fdb\u884c\u54c8\u5e0c\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u7ec4\u5408\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u5355\u4e00\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u3002
    • \u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u57fa\u4e8e\u5176\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\u751f\u6210\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u91cd\u5199\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u5b9e\u73b0\u57fa\u4e8e\u5185\u5bb9\u751f\u6210\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u3002

    Tip

    \u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u5185\u7f6e\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u8ba1\u7b97\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0d\u540c\u3002

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig built_in_hash.py
    num = 3\nhash_num = hash(num)\n# \u6574\u6570 3 \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a 3\n\nbol = True\nhash_bol = hash(bol)\n# \u5e03\u5c14\u91cf True \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a 1\n\ndec = 3.14159\nhash_dec = hash(dec)\n# \u5c0f\u6570 3.14159 \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a 326484311674566659\n\nstr = \"Hello \u7b97\u6cd5\"\nhash_str = hash(str)\n# \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u201cHello \u7b97\u6cd5\u201d\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a 4617003410720528961\n\ntup = (12836, \"\u5c0f\u54c8\")\nhash_tup = hash(tup)\n# \u5143\u7ec4 (12836, '\u5c0f\u54c8') \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a 1029005403108185979\n\nobj = ListNode(0)\nhash_obj = hash(obj)\n# \u8282\u70b9\u5bf9\u8c61 <ListNode object at 0x1058fd810> \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a 274267521\n
    built_in_hash.cpp
    int num = 3;\nsize_t hashNum = hash<int>()(num);\n// \u6574\u6570 3 \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a 3\n\nbool bol = true;\nsize_t hashBol = hash<bool>()(bol);\n// \u5e03\u5c14\u91cf 1 \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a 1\n\ndouble dec = 3.14159;\nsize_t hashDec = hash<double>()(dec);\n// \u5c0f\u6570 3.14159 \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a 4614256650576692846\n\nstring str = \"Hello \u7b97\u6cd5\";\nsize_t hashStr = hash<string>()(str);\n// \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u201cHello \u7b97\u6cd5\u201d\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a 15466937326284535026\n\n// \u5728 C++ \u4e2d\uff0c\u5185\u7f6e std:hash() \u4ec5\u63d0\u4f9b\u57fa\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u8ba1\u7b97\n// \u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u8ba1\u7b97\u9700\u8981\u81ea\u884c\u5b9e\u73b0\n
    built_in_hash.java
    int num = 3;\nint hashNum = Integer.hashCode(num);\n// \u6574\u6570 3 \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a 3\n\nboolean bol = true;\nint hashBol = Boolean.hashCode(bol);\n// \u5e03\u5c14\u91cf true \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a 1231\n\ndouble dec = 3.14159;\nint hashDec = Double.hashCode(dec);\n// \u5c0f\u6570 3.14159 \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a -1340954729\n\nString str = \"Hello \u7b97\u6cd5\";\nint hashStr = str.hashCode();\n// \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u201cHello \u7b97\u6cd5\u201d\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a -727081396\n\nObject[] arr = { 12836, \"\u5c0f\u54c8\" };\nint hashTup = Arrays.hashCode(arr);\n// \u6570\u7ec4 [12836, \u5c0f\u54c8] \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a 1151158\n\nListNode obj = new ListNode(0);\nint hashObj = obj.hashCode();\n// \u8282\u70b9\u5bf9\u8c61 utils.ListNode@7dc5e7b4 \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a 2110121908\n
    built_in_hash.cs
    int num = 3;\nint hashNum = num.GetHashCode();\n// \u6574\u6570 3 \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a 3;\n\nbool bol = true;\nint hashBol = bol.GetHashCode();\n// \u5e03\u5c14\u91cf true \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a 1;\n\ndouble dec = 3.14159;\nint hashDec = dec.GetHashCode();\n// \u5c0f\u6570 3.14159 \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a -1340954729;\n\nstring str = \"Hello \u7b97\u6cd5\";\nint hashStr = str.GetHashCode();\n// \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u201cHello \u7b97\u6cd5\u201d\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a -586107568;\n\nobject[] arr = [12836, \"\u5c0f\u54c8\"];\nint hashTup = arr.GetHashCode();\n// \u6570\u7ec4 [12836, \u5c0f\u54c8] \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a 42931033;\n\nListNode obj = new(0);\nint hashObj = obj.GetHashCode();\n// \u8282\u70b9\u5bf9\u8c61 0 \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a 39053774;\n
    built_in_hash.go
    // Go \u672a\u63d0\u4f9b\u5185\u7f6e hash code \u51fd\u6570\n
    built_in_hash.swift
    let num = 3\nlet hashNum = num.hashValue\n// \u6574\u6570 3 \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a 9047044699613009734\n\nlet bol = true\nlet hashBol = bol.hashValue\n// \u5e03\u5c14\u91cf true \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a -4431640247352757451\n\nlet dec = 3.14159\nlet hashDec = dec.hashValue\n// \u5c0f\u6570 3.14159 \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a -2465384235396674631\n\nlet str = \"Hello \u7b97\u6cd5\"\nlet hashStr = str.hashValue\n// \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u201cHello \u7b97\u6cd5\u201d\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a -7850626797806988787\n\nlet arr = [AnyHashable(12836), AnyHashable(\"\u5c0f\u54c8\")]\nlet hashTup = arr.hashValue\n// \u6570\u7ec4 [AnyHashable(12836), AnyHashable(\"\u5c0f\u54c8\")] \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a -2308633508154532996\n\nlet obj = ListNode(x: 0)\nlet hashObj = obj.hashValue\n// \u8282\u70b9\u5bf9\u8c61 utils.ListNode \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a -2434780518035996159\n
    built_in_hash.js
    // JavaScript \u672a\u63d0\u4f9b\u5185\u7f6e hash code \u51fd\u6570\n
    built_in_hash.ts
    // TypeScript \u672a\u63d0\u4f9b\u5185\u7f6e hash code \u51fd\u6570\n
    built_in_hash.dart
    int num = 3;\nint hashNum = num.hashCode;\n// \u6574\u6570 3 \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a 34803\n\nbool bol = true;\nint hashBol = bol.hashCode;\n// \u5e03\u5c14\u503c true \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a 1231\n\ndouble dec = 3.14159;\nint hashDec = dec.hashCode;\n// \u5c0f\u6570 3.14159 \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a 2570631074981783\n\nString str = \"Hello \u7b97\u6cd5\";\nint hashStr = str.hashCode;\n// \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u201cHello \u7b97\u6cd5\u201d\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a 468167534\n\nList arr = [12836, \"\u5c0f\u54c8\"];\nint hashArr = arr.hashCode;\n// \u6570\u7ec4 [12836, \u5c0f\u54c8] \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a 976512528\n\nListNode obj = new ListNode(0);\nint hashObj = obj.hashCode;\n// \u8282\u70b9\u5bf9\u8c61 Instance of 'ListNode' \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a 1033450432\n
    built_in_hash.rs
    use std::collections::hash_map::DefaultHasher;\nuse std::hash::{Hash, Hasher};\n\nlet num = 3;\nlet mut num_hasher = DefaultHasher::new();\nnum.hash(&mut num_hasher);\nlet hash_num = num_hasher.finish();\n// \u6574\u6570 3 \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a 568126464209439262\n\nlet bol = true;\nlet mut bol_hasher = DefaultHasher::new();\nbol.hash(&mut bol_hasher);\nlet hash_bol = bol_hasher.finish();\n// \u5e03\u5c14\u91cf true \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a 4952851536318644461\n\nlet dec: f32 = 3.14159;\nlet mut dec_hasher = DefaultHasher::new();\ndec.to_bits().hash(&mut dec_hasher);\nlet hash_dec = dec_hasher.finish();\nprintln!(\"\u5c0f\u6570 {} \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a {}\", dec, hash_dec);\n// \u5c0f\u6570 3.14159 \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a 2566941990314602357\n\nlet str = \"Hello \u7b97\u6cd5\";\nlet mut str_hasher = DefaultHasher::new();\nstr.hash(&mut str_hasher);\nlet hash_str = str_hasher.finish();\n// \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u201cHello \u7b97\u6cd5\u201d\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a 16092673739211250988\n\nlet arr = (&12836, &\"\u5c0f\u54c8\");\nlet mut tup_hasher = DefaultHasher::new();\narr.hash(&mut tup_hasher);\nlet hash_tup = tup_hasher.finish();\n// \u5143\u7ec4 (12836, \"\u5c0f\u54c8\") \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a 1885128010422702749\n\nlet node = ListNode::new(42);\nlet mut hasher = DefaultHasher::new();\nnode.borrow().val.hash(&mut hasher);\nlet hash = hasher.finish();\n// \u8282\u70b9\u5bf9\u8c61 RefCell { value: ListNode { val: 42, next: None } } \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a15387811073369036852\n
    built_in_hash.c
    // C \u672a\u63d0\u4f9b\u5185\u7f6e hash code \u51fd\u6570\n
    built_in_hash.zig
    \n

    \u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u5bf9\u8c61\u624d\u53ef\u4f5c\u4e3a\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u7684 key \u3002\u5047\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5217\u8868\uff08\u52a8\u6001\u6570\u7ec4\uff09\u4f5c\u4e3a key \uff0c\u5f53\u5217\u8868\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e5f\u968f\u4e4b\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u65e0\u6cd5\u5728\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u67e5\u8be2\u5230\u539f\u5148\u7684 value \u4e86\u3002

    \u867d\u7136\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u5bf9\u8c61\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9\uff09\u7684\u6210\u5458\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u53ef\u53d8\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u662f\u53ef\u54c8\u5e0c\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\u751f\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\u4e0d\u53d8\uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u4e0d\u53d8\u7684\u3002

    \u7ec6\u5fc3\u7684\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u73b0\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\u4e2d\u8fd0\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u65f6\uff0c\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a Python \u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u5728\u6bcf\u6b21\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\uff0c\u90fd\u4f1a\u4e3a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u52a0\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u968f\u673a\u7684\u76d0\uff08salt\uff09\u503c\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u505a\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u9632\u6b62 HashDoS \u653b\u51fb\uff0c\u63d0\u5347\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_hashing/hash_collision/","title":"6.2 \u00a0 \u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81","text":"

    \u4e0a\u4e00\u8282\u63d0\u5230\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u7a7a\u95f4\u8fdc\u5927\u4e8e\u8f93\u51fa\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u7684\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u8f93\u5165\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e3a\u5168\u4f53\u6574\u6570\uff0c\u8f93\u51fa\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u5bb9\u91cf\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u5219\u5fc5\u7136\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u6574\u6570\u6620\u5c04\u81f3\u540c\u4e00\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\u3002

    \u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u4e25\u91cd\u5f71\u54cd\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u7684\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u8be5\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6bcf\u5f53\u9047\u5230\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u8fdb\u884c\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u6269\u5bb9\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u51b2\u7a81\u6d88\u5931\u4e3a\u6b62\u3002\u6b64\u65b9\u6cd5\u7b80\u5355\u7c97\u66b4\u4e14\u6709\u6548\uff0c\u4f46\u6548\u7387\u592a\u4f4e\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u6269\u5bb9\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u6570\u636e\u642c\u8fd0\u4e0e\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u8ba1\u7b97\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u63d0\u5347\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u91c7\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7b56\u7565\u3002

    1. \u6539\u826f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u51fa\u73b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\u65f6\u6b63\u5e38\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002
    2. \u4ec5\u5728\u5fc5\u8981\u65f6\uff0c\u5373\u5f53\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e25\u91cd\u65f6\uff0c\u624d\u6267\u884c\u6269\u5bb9\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002

    \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u6539\u826f\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u62ec\u201c\u94fe\u5f0f\u5730\u5740\u201d\u548c\u201c\u5f00\u653e\u5bfb\u5740\u201d\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_hashing/hash_collision/#621","title":"6.2.1 \u00a0 \u94fe\u5f0f\u5730\u5740","text":"

    \u5728\u539f\u59cb\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6876\u4ec5\u80fd\u5b58\u50a8\u4e00\u4e2a\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u3002\u300c\u94fe\u5f0f\u5730\u5740 separate chaining\u300d\u5c06\u5355\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u94fe\u8868\uff0c\u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u4f5c\u4e3a\u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u53d1\u751f\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u90fd\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u3002\u56fe 6-5 \u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u94fe\u5f0f\u5730\u5740\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002

    \u56fe 6-5 \u00a0 \u94fe\u5f0f\u5730\u5740\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868

    \u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u5f0f\u5730\u5740\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u65b9\u6cd5\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u4ee5\u4e0b\u53d8\u5316\u3002

    • \u67e5\u8be2\u5143\u7d20\uff1a\u8f93\u5165 key \uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u5f97\u5230\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u5373\u53ef\u8bbf\u95ee\u94fe\u8868\u5934\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u904d\u5386\u94fe\u8868\u5e76\u5bf9\u6bd4 key \u4ee5\u67e5\u627e\u76ee\u6807\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u3002
    • \u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20\uff1a\u9996\u5148\u901a\u8fc7\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u8bbf\u95ee\u94fe\u8868\u5934\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c06\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\uff09\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u3002
    • \u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20\uff1a\u6839\u636e\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u8bbf\u95ee\u94fe\u8868\u5934\u90e8\uff0c\u63a5\u7740\u904d\u5386\u94fe\u8868\u4ee5\u67e5\u627e\u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u5220\u9664\u3002

    \u94fe\u5f0f\u5730\u5740\u5b58\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5c40\u9650\u6027\u3002

    • \u5360\u7528\u7a7a\u95f4\u589e\u5927\uff1a\u94fe\u8868\u5305\u542b\u8282\u70b9\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u5b83\u76f8\u6bd4\u6570\u7ec4\u66f4\u52a0\u8017\u8d39\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002
    • \u67e5\u8be2\u6548\u7387\u964d\u4f4e\uff1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u9700\u8981\u7ebf\u6027\u904d\u5386\u94fe\u8868\u6765\u67e5\u627e\u5bf9\u5e94\u5143\u7d20\u3002

    \u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u94fe\u5f0f\u5730\u5740\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u4e24\u70b9\u3002

    • \u4f7f\u7528\u5217\u8868\uff08\u52a8\u6001\u6570\u7ec4\uff09\u4ee3\u66ff\u94fe\u8868\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u7b80\u5316\u4ee3\u7801\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bbe\u5b9a\u4e0b\uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff08\u6570\u7ec4\uff09\u5305\u542b\u591a\u4e2a\u6876\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6876\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5217\u8868\u3002
    • \u4ee5\u4e0b\u5b9e\u73b0\u5305\u542b\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u6269\u5bb9\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5f53\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u8d85\u8fc7 \\(\\frac{2}{3}\\) \u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u6269\u5bb9\u81f3\u539f\u5148\u7684 \\(2\\) \u500d\u3002
    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig hash_map_chaining.py
    class HashMapChaining:\n    \"\"\"\u94fe\u5f0f\u5730\u5740\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\"\"\"\n\n    def __init__(self):\n        \"\"\"\u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5\"\"\"\n        self.size = 0  # \u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6570\u91cf\n        self.capacity = 4  # \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\n        self.load_thres = 2.0 / 3.0  # \u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u9608\u503c\n        self.extend_ratio = 2  # \u6269\u5bb9\u500d\u6570\n        self.buckets = [[] for _ in range(self.capacity)]  # \u6876\u6570\u7ec4\n\n    def hash_func(self, key: int) -> int:\n        \"\"\"\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\"\"\"\n        return key % self.capacity\n\n    def load_factor(self) -> float:\n        \"\"\"\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\"\"\"\n        return self.size / self.capacity\n\n    def get(self, key: int) -> str | None:\n        \"\"\"\u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c\"\"\"\n        index = self.hash_func(key)\n        bucket = self.buckets[index]\n        # \u904d\u5386\u6876\uff0c\u82e5\u627e\u5230 key \uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5bf9\u5e94 val\n        for pair in bucket:\n            if pair.key == key:\n                return pair.val\n        # \u82e5\u672a\u627e\u5230 key \uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de None\n        return None\n\n    def put(self, key: int, val: str):\n        \"\"\"\u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c\"\"\"\n        # \u5f53\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u8d85\u8fc7\u9608\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u6269\u5bb9\n        if self.load_factor() > self.load_thres:\n            self.extend()\n        index = self.hash_func(key)\n        bucket = self.buckets[index]\n        # \u904d\u5386\u6876\uff0c\u82e5\u9047\u5230\u6307\u5b9a key \uff0c\u5219\u66f4\u65b0\u5bf9\u5e94 val \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\n        for pair in bucket:\n            if pair.key == key:\n                pair.val = val\n                return\n        # \u82e5\u65e0\u8be5 key \uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u5c3e\u90e8\n        pair = Pair(key, val)\n        bucket.append(pair)\n        self.size += 1\n\n    def remove(self, key: int):\n        \"\"\"\u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c\"\"\"\n        index = self.hash_func(key)\n        bucket = self.buckets[index]\n        # \u904d\u5386\u6876\uff0c\u4ece\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\n        for pair in bucket:\n            if pair.key == key:\n                bucket.remove(pair)\n                self.size -= 1\n                break\n\n    def extend(self):\n        \"\"\"\u6269\u5bb9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\"\"\"\n        # \u6682\u5b58\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n        buckets = self.buckets\n        # \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6269\u5bb9\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n        self.capacity *= self.extend_ratio\n        self.buckets = [[] for _ in range(self.capacity)]\n        self.size = 0\n        # \u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u4ece\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u642c\u8fd0\u81f3\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n        for bucket in buckets:\n            for pair in bucket:\n                self.put(pair.key, pair.val)\n\n    def print(self):\n        \"\"\"\u6253\u5370\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\"\"\"\n        for bucket in self.buckets:\n            res = []\n            for pair in bucket:\n                res.append(str(pair.key) + \" -> \" + pair.val)\n            print(res)\n
    hash_map_chaining.cpp
    /* \u94fe\u5f0f\u5730\u5740\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nclass HashMapChaining {\n  private:\n    int size;                       // \u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6570\u91cf\n    int capacity;                   // \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\n    double loadThres;               // \u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u9608\u503c\n    int extendRatio;                // \u6269\u5bb9\u500d\u6570\n    vector<vector<Pair *>> buckets; // \u6876\u6570\u7ec4\n\n  public:\n    /* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\n    HashMapChaining() : size(0), capacity(4), loadThres(2.0 / 3.0), extendRatio(2) {\n        buckets.resize(capacity);\n    }\n\n    /* \u6790\u6784\u65b9\u6cd5 */\n    ~HashMapChaining() {\n        for (auto &bucket : buckets) {\n            for (Pair *pair : bucket) {\n                // \u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\n                delete pair;\n            }\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570 */\n    int hashFunc(int key) {\n        return key % capacity;\n    }\n\n    /* \u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50 */\n    double loadFactor() {\n        return (double)size / (double)capacity;\n    }\n\n    /* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    string get(int key) {\n        int index = hashFunc(key);\n        // \u904d\u5386\u6876\uff0c\u82e5\u627e\u5230 key \uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5bf9\u5e94 val\n        for (Pair *pair : buckets[index]) {\n            if (pair->key == key) {\n                return pair->val;\n            }\n        }\n        // \u82e5\u672a\u627e\u5230 key \uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\n        return \"\";\n    }\n\n    /* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    void put(int key, string val) {\n        // \u5f53\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u8d85\u8fc7\u9608\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u6269\u5bb9\n        if (loadFactor() > loadThres) {\n            extend();\n        }\n        int index = hashFunc(key);\n        // \u904d\u5386\u6876\uff0c\u82e5\u9047\u5230\u6307\u5b9a key \uff0c\u5219\u66f4\u65b0\u5bf9\u5e94 val \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\n        for (Pair *pair : buckets[index]) {\n            if (pair->key == key) {\n                pair->val = val;\n                return;\n            }\n        }\n        // \u82e5\u65e0\u8be5 key \uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u5c3e\u90e8\n        buckets[index].push_back(new Pair(key, val));\n        size++;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    void remove(int key) {\n        int index = hashFunc(key);\n        auto &bucket = buckets[index];\n        // \u904d\u5386\u6876\uff0c\u4ece\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\n        for (int i = 0; i < bucket.size(); i++) {\n            if (bucket[i]->key == key) {\n                Pair *tmp = bucket[i];\n                bucket.erase(bucket.begin() + i); // \u4ece\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\n                delete tmp;                       // \u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\n                size--;\n                return;\n            }\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u6269\u5bb9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\n    void extend() {\n        // \u6682\u5b58\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n        vector<vector<Pair *>> bucketsTmp = buckets;\n        // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6269\u5bb9\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n        capacity *= extendRatio;\n        buckets.clear();\n        buckets.resize(capacity);\n        size = 0;\n        // \u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u4ece\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u642c\u8fd0\u81f3\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n        for (auto &bucket : bucketsTmp) {\n            for (Pair *pair : bucket) {\n                put(pair->key, pair->val);\n                // \u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\n                delete pair;\n            }\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u6253\u5370\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\n    void print() {\n        for (auto &bucket : buckets) {\n            cout << \"[\";\n            for (Pair *pair : bucket) {\n                cout << pair->key << \" -> \" << pair->val << \", \";\n            }\n            cout << \"]\\n\";\n        }\n    }\n};\n
    hash_map_chaining.java
    /* \u94fe\u5f0f\u5730\u5740\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nclass HashMapChaining {\n    int size; // \u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6570\u91cf\n    int capacity; // \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\n    double loadThres; // \u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u9608\u503c\n    int extendRatio; // \u6269\u5bb9\u500d\u6570\n    List<List<Pair>> buckets; // \u6876\u6570\u7ec4\n\n    /* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\n    public HashMapChaining() {\n        size = 0;\n        capacity = 4;\n        loadThres = 2.0 / 3.0;\n        extendRatio = 2;\n        buckets = new ArrayList<>(capacity);\n        for (int i = 0; i < capacity; i++) {\n            buckets.add(new ArrayList<>());\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570 */\n    int hashFunc(int key) {\n        return key % capacity;\n    }\n\n    /* \u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50 */\n    double loadFactor() {\n        return (double) size / capacity;\n    }\n\n    /* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    String get(int key) {\n        int index = hashFunc(key);\n        List<Pair> bucket = buckets.get(index);\n        // \u904d\u5386\u6876\uff0c\u82e5\u627e\u5230 key \uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5bf9\u5e94 val\n        for (Pair pair : bucket) {\n            if (pair.key == key) {\n                return pair.val;\n            }\n        }\n        // \u82e5\u672a\u627e\u5230 key \uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de null\n        return null;\n    }\n\n    /* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    void put(int key, String val) {\n        // \u5f53\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u8d85\u8fc7\u9608\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u6269\u5bb9\n        if (loadFactor() > loadThres) {\n            extend();\n        }\n        int index = hashFunc(key);\n        List<Pair> bucket = buckets.get(index);\n        // \u904d\u5386\u6876\uff0c\u82e5\u9047\u5230\u6307\u5b9a key \uff0c\u5219\u66f4\u65b0\u5bf9\u5e94 val \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\n        for (Pair pair : bucket) {\n            if (pair.key == key) {\n                pair.val = val;\n                return;\n            }\n        }\n        // \u82e5\u65e0\u8be5 key \uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u5c3e\u90e8\n        Pair pair = new Pair(key, val);\n        bucket.add(pair);\n        size++;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    void remove(int key) {\n        int index = hashFunc(key);\n        List<Pair> bucket = buckets.get(index);\n        // \u904d\u5386\u6876\uff0c\u4ece\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\n        for (Pair pair : bucket) {\n            if (pair.key == key) {\n                bucket.remove(pair);\n                size--;\n                break;\n            }\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u6269\u5bb9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\n    void extend() {\n        // \u6682\u5b58\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n        List<List<Pair>> bucketsTmp = buckets;\n        // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6269\u5bb9\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n        capacity *= extendRatio;\n        buckets = new ArrayList<>(capacity);\n        for (int i = 0; i < capacity; i++) {\n            buckets.add(new ArrayList<>());\n        }\n        size = 0;\n        // \u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u4ece\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u642c\u8fd0\u81f3\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n        for (List<Pair> bucket : bucketsTmp) {\n            for (Pair pair : bucket) {\n                put(pair.key, pair.val);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u6253\u5370\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\n    void print() {\n        for (List<Pair> bucket : buckets) {\n            List<String> res = new ArrayList<>();\n            for (Pair pair : bucket) {\n                res.add(pair.key + \" -> \" + pair.val);\n            }\n            System.out.println(res);\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    hash_map_chaining.cs
    /* \u94fe\u5f0f\u5730\u5740\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nclass HashMapChaining {\n    int size; // \u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6570\u91cf\n    int capacity; // \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\n    double loadThres; // \u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u9608\u503c\n    int extendRatio; // \u6269\u5bb9\u500d\u6570\n    List<List<Pair>> buckets; // \u6876\u6570\u7ec4\n\n    /* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\n    public HashMapChaining() {\n        size = 0;\n        capacity = 4;\n        loadThres = 2.0 / 3.0;\n        extendRatio = 2;\n        buckets = new List<List<Pair>>(capacity);\n        for (int i = 0; i < capacity; i++) {\n            buckets.Add([]);\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570 */\n    int HashFunc(int key) {\n        return key % capacity;\n    }\n\n    /* \u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50 */\n    double LoadFactor() {\n        return (double)size / capacity;\n    }\n\n    /* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    public string? Get(int key) {\n        int index = HashFunc(key);\n        // \u904d\u5386\u6876\uff0c\u82e5\u627e\u5230 key \uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5bf9\u5e94 val\n        foreach (Pair pair in buckets[index]) {\n            if (pair.key == key) {\n                return pair.val;\n            }\n        }\n        // \u82e5\u672a\u627e\u5230 key \uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de null\n        return null;\n    }\n\n    /* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    public void Put(int key, string val) {\n        // \u5f53\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u8d85\u8fc7\u9608\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u6269\u5bb9\n        if (LoadFactor() > loadThres) {\n            Extend();\n        }\n        int index = HashFunc(key);\n        // \u904d\u5386\u6876\uff0c\u82e5\u9047\u5230\u6307\u5b9a key \uff0c\u5219\u66f4\u65b0\u5bf9\u5e94 val \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\n        foreach (Pair pair in buckets[index]) {\n            if (pair.key == key) {\n                pair.val = val;\n                return;\n            }\n        }\n        // \u82e5\u65e0\u8be5 key \uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u5c3e\u90e8\n        buckets[index].Add(new Pair(key, val));\n        size++;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    public void Remove(int key) {\n        int index = HashFunc(key);\n        // \u904d\u5386\u6876\uff0c\u4ece\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\n        foreach (Pair pair in buckets[index].ToList()) {\n            if (pair.key == key) {\n                buckets[index].Remove(pair);\n                size--;\n                break;\n            }\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u6269\u5bb9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\n    void Extend() {\n        // \u6682\u5b58\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n        List<List<Pair>> bucketsTmp = buckets;\n        // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6269\u5bb9\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n        capacity *= extendRatio;\n        buckets = new List<List<Pair>>(capacity);\n        for (int i = 0; i < capacity; i++) {\n            buckets.Add([]);\n        }\n        size = 0;\n        // \u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u4ece\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u642c\u8fd0\u81f3\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n        foreach (List<Pair> bucket in bucketsTmp) {\n            foreach (Pair pair in bucket) {\n                Put(pair.key, pair.val);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u6253\u5370\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\n    public void Print() {\n        foreach (List<Pair> bucket in buckets) {\n            List<string> res = [];\n            foreach (Pair pair in bucket) {\n                res.Add(pair.key + \" -> \" + pair.val);\n            }\n            foreach (string kv in res) {\n                Console.WriteLine(kv);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    hash_map_chaining.go
    /* \u94fe\u5f0f\u5730\u5740\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\ntype hashMapChaining struct {\n    size        int      // \u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6570\u91cf\n    capacity    int      // \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\n    loadThres   float64  // \u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u9608\u503c\n    extendRatio int      // \u6269\u5bb9\u500d\u6570\n    buckets     [][]pair // \u6876\u6570\u7ec4\n}\n\n/* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\nfunc newHashMapChaining() *hashMapChaining {\n    buckets := make([][]pair, 4)\n    for i := 0; i < 4; i++ {\n        buckets[i] = make([]pair, 0)\n    }\n    return &hashMapChaining{\n        size:        0,\n        capacity:    4,\n        loadThres:   2.0 / 3.0,\n        extendRatio: 2,\n        buckets:     buckets,\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570 */\nfunc (m *hashMapChaining) hashFunc(key int) int {\n    return key % m.capacity\n}\n\n/* \u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50 */\nfunc (m *hashMapChaining) loadFactor() float64 {\n    return float64(m.size) / float64(m.capacity)\n}\n\n/* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\nfunc (m *hashMapChaining) get(key int) string {\n    idx := m.hashFunc(key)\n    bucket := m.buckets[idx]\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6876\uff0c\u82e5\u627e\u5230 key \uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5bf9\u5e94 val\n    for _, p := range bucket {\n        if p.key == key {\n            return p.val\n        }\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u672a\u627e\u5230 key \uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\n    return \"\"\n}\n\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\nfunc (m *hashMapChaining) put(key int, val string) {\n    // \u5f53\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u8d85\u8fc7\u9608\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u6269\u5bb9\n    if m.loadFactor() > m.loadThres {\n        m.extend()\n    }\n    idx := m.hashFunc(key)\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6876\uff0c\u82e5\u9047\u5230\u6307\u5b9a key \uff0c\u5219\u66f4\u65b0\u5bf9\u5e94 val \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\n    for i := range m.buckets[idx] {\n        if m.buckets[idx][i].key == key {\n            m.buckets[idx][i].val = val\n            return\n        }\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u65e0\u8be5 key \uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u5c3e\u90e8\n    p := pair{\n        key: key,\n        val: val,\n    }\n    m.buckets[idx] = append(m.buckets[idx], p)\n    m.size += 1\n}\n\n/* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\nfunc (m *hashMapChaining) remove(key int) {\n    idx := m.hashFunc(key)\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6876\uff0c\u4ece\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\n    for i, p := range m.buckets[idx] {\n        if p.key == key {\n            // \u5207\u7247\u5220\u9664\n            m.buckets[idx] = append(m.buckets[idx][:i], m.buckets[idx][i+1:]...)\n            m.size -= 1\n            break\n        }\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u6269\u5bb9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nfunc (m *hashMapChaining) extend() {\n    // \u6682\u5b58\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n    tmpBuckets := make([][]pair, len(m.buckets))\n    for i := 0; i < len(m.buckets); i++ {\n        tmpBuckets[i] = make([]pair, len(m.buckets[i]))\n        copy(tmpBuckets[i], m.buckets[i])\n    }\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6269\u5bb9\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n    m.capacity *= m.extendRatio\n    m.buckets = make([][]pair, m.capacity)\n    for i := 0; i < m.capacity; i++ {\n        m.buckets[i] = make([]pair, 0)\n    }\n    m.size = 0\n    // \u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u4ece\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u642c\u8fd0\u81f3\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n    for _, bucket := range tmpBuckets {\n        for _, p := range bucket {\n            m.put(p.key, p.val)\n        }\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u6253\u5370\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nfunc (m *hashMapChaining) print() {\n    var builder strings.Builder\n\n    for _, bucket := range m.buckets {\n        builder.WriteString(\"[\")\n        for _, p := range bucket {\n            builder.WriteString(strconv.Itoa(p.key) + \" -> \" + p.val + \" \")\n        }\n        builder.WriteString(\"]\")\n        fmt.Println(builder.String())\n        builder.Reset()\n    }\n}\n
    hash_map_chaining.swift
    /* \u94fe\u5f0f\u5730\u5740\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nclass HashMapChaining {\n    var size: Int // \u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6570\u91cf\n    var capacity: Int // \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\n    var loadThres: Double // \u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u9608\u503c\n    var extendRatio: Int // \u6269\u5bb9\u500d\u6570\n    var buckets: [[Pair]] // \u6876\u6570\u7ec4\n\n    /* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\n    init() {\n        size = 0\n        capacity = 4\n        loadThres = 2.0 / 3.0\n        extendRatio = 2\n        buckets = Array(repeating: [], count: capacity)\n    }\n\n    /* \u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570 */\n    func hashFunc(key: Int) -> Int {\n        key % capacity\n    }\n\n    /* \u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50 */\n    func loadFactor() -> Double {\n        Double(size / capacity)\n    }\n\n    /* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    func get(key: Int) -> String? {\n        let index = hashFunc(key: key)\n        let bucket = buckets[index]\n        // \u904d\u5386\u6876\uff0c\u82e5\u627e\u5230 key \uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5bf9\u5e94 val\n        for pair in bucket {\n            if pair.key == key {\n                return pair.val\n            }\n        }\n        // \u82e5\u672a\u627e\u5230 key \uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de nil\n        return nil\n    }\n\n    /* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    func put(key: Int, val: String) {\n        // \u5f53\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u8d85\u8fc7\u9608\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u6269\u5bb9\n        if loadFactor() > loadThres {\n            extend()\n        }\n        let index = hashFunc(key: key)\n        let bucket = buckets[index]\n        // \u904d\u5386\u6876\uff0c\u82e5\u9047\u5230\u6307\u5b9a key \uff0c\u5219\u66f4\u65b0\u5bf9\u5e94 val \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\n        for pair in bucket {\n            if pair.key == key {\n                pair.val = val\n                return\n            }\n        }\n        // \u82e5\u65e0\u8be5 key \uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u5c3e\u90e8\n        let pair = Pair(key: key, val: val)\n        buckets[index].append(pair)\n        size += 1\n    }\n\n    /* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    func remove(key: Int) {\n        let index = hashFunc(key: key)\n        let bucket = buckets[index]\n        // \u904d\u5386\u6876\uff0c\u4ece\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\n        for (pairIndex, pair) in bucket.enumerated() {\n            if pair.key == key {\n                buckets[index].remove(at: pairIndex)\n            }\n        }\n        size -= 1\n    }\n\n    /* \u6269\u5bb9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\n    func extend() {\n        // \u6682\u5b58\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n        let bucketsTmp = buckets\n        // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6269\u5bb9\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n        capacity *= extendRatio\n        buckets = Array(repeating: [], count: capacity)\n        size = 0\n        // \u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u4ece\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u642c\u8fd0\u81f3\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n        for bucket in bucketsTmp {\n            for pair in bucket {\n                put(key: pair.key, val: pair.val)\n            }\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u6253\u5370\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\n    func print() {\n        for bucket in buckets {\n            let res = bucket.map { \"\\($0.key) -> \\($0.val)\" }\n            Swift.print(res)\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    hash_map_chaining.js
    /* \u94fe\u5f0f\u5730\u5740\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nclass HashMapChaining {\n    #size; // \u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6570\u91cf\n    #capacity; // \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\n    #loadThres; // \u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u9608\u503c\n    #extendRatio; // \u6269\u5bb9\u500d\u6570\n    #buckets; // \u6876\u6570\u7ec4\n\n    /* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\n    constructor() {\n        this.#size = 0;\n        this.#capacity = 4;\n        this.#loadThres = 2.0 / 3.0;\n        this.#extendRatio = 2;\n        this.#buckets = new Array(this.#capacity).fill(null).map((x) => []);\n    }\n\n    /* \u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570 */\n    #hashFunc(key) {\n        return key % this.#capacity;\n    }\n\n    /* \u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50 */\n    #loadFactor() {\n        return this.#size / this.#capacity;\n    }\n\n    /* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    get(key) {\n        const index = this.#hashFunc(key);\n        const bucket = this.#buckets[index];\n        // \u904d\u5386\u6876\uff0c\u82e5\u627e\u5230 key \uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5bf9\u5e94 val\n        for (const pair of bucket) {\n            if (pair.key === key) {\n                return pair.val;\n            }\n        }\n        // \u82e5\u672a\u627e\u5230 key \uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de null\n        return null;\n    }\n\n    /* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    put(key, val) {\n        // \u5f53\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u8d85\u8fc7\u9608\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u6269\u5bb9\n        if (this.#loadFactor() > this.#loadThres) {\n            this.#extend();\n        }\n        const index = this.#hashFunc(key);\n        const bucket = this.#buckets[index];\n        // \u904d\u5386\u6876\uff0c\u82e5\u9047\u5230\u6307\u5b9a key \uff0c\u5219\u66f4\u65b0\u5bf9\u5e94 val \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\n        for (const pair of bucket) {\n            if (pair.key === key) {\n                pair.val = val;\n                return;\n            }\n        }\n        // \u82e5\u65e0\u8be5 key \uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u5c3e\u90e8\n        const pair = new Pair(key, val);\n        bucket.push(pair);\n        this.#size++;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    remove(key) {\n        const index = this.#hashFunc(key);\n        let bucket = this.#buckets[index];\n        // \u904d\u5386\u6876\uff0c\u4ece\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\n        for (let i = 0; i < bucket.length; i++) {\n            if (bucket[i].key === key) {\n                bucket.splice(i, 1);\n                this.#size--;\n                break;\n            }\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u6269\u5bb9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\n    #extend() {\n        // \u6682\u5b58\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n        const bucketsTmp = this.#buckets;\n        // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6269\u5bb9\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n        this.#capacity *= this.#extendRatio;\n        this.#buckets = new Array(this.#capacity).fill(null).map((x) => []);\n        this.#size = 0;\n        // \u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u4ece\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u642c\u8fd0\u81f3\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n        for (const bucket of bucketsTmp) {\n            for (const pair of bucket) {\n                this.put(pair.key, pair.val);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u6253\u5370\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\n    print() {\n        for (const bucket of this.#buckets) {\n            let res = [];\n            for (const pair of bucket) {\n                res.push(pair.key + ' -> ' + pair.val);\n            }\n            console.log(res);\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    hash_map_chaining.ts
    /* \u94fe\u5f0f\u5730\u5740\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nclass HashMapChaining {\n    #size: number; // \u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6570\u91cf\n    #capacity: number; // \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\n    #loadThres: number; // \u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u9608\u503c\n    #extendRatio: number; // \u6269\u5bb9\u500d\u6570\n    #buckets: Pair[][]; // \u6876\u6570\u7ec4\n\n    /* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\n    constructor() {\n        this.#size = 0;\n        this.#capacity = 4;\n        this.#loadThres = 2.0 / 3.0;\n        this.#extendRatio = 2;\n        this.#buckets = new Array(this.#capacity).fill(null).map((x) => []);\n    }\n\n    /* \u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570 */\n    #hashFunc(key: number): number {\n        return key % this.#capacity;\n    }\n\n    /* \u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50 */\n    #loadFactor(): number {\n        return this.#size / this.#capacity;\n    }\n\n    /* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    get(key: number): string | null {\n        const index = this.#hashFunc(key);\n        const bucket = this.#buckets[index];\n        // \u904d\u5386\u6876\uff0c\u82e5\u627e\u5230 key \uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5bf9\u5e94 val\n        for (const pair of bucket) {\n            if (pair.key === key) {\n                return pair.val;\n            }\n        }\n        // \u82e5\u672a\u627e\u5230 key \uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de null\n        return null;\n    }\n\n    /* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    put(key: number, val: string): void {\n        // \u5f53\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u8d85\u8fc7\u9608\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u6269\u5bb9\n        if (this.#loadFactor() > this.#loadThres) {\n            this.#extend();\n        }\n        const index = this.#hashFunc(key);\n        const bucket = this.#buckets[index];\n        // \u904d\u5386\u6876\uff0c\u82e5\u9047\u5230\u6307\u5b9a key \uff0c\u5219\u66f4\u65b0\u5bf9\u5e94 val \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\n        for (const pair of bucket) {\n            if (pair.key === key) {\n                pair.val = val;\n                return;\n            }\n        }\n        // \u82e5\u65e0\u8be5 key \uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u5c3e\u90e8\n        const pair = new Pair(key, val);\n        bucket.push(pair);\n        this.#size++;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    remove(key: number): void {\n        const index = this.#hashFunc(key);\n        let bucket = this.#buckets[index];\n        // \u904d\u5386\u6876\uff0c\u4ece\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\n        for (let i = 0; i < bucket.length; i++) {\n            if (bucket[i].key === key) {\n                bucket.splice(i, 1);\n                this.#size--;\n                break;\n            }\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u6269\u5bb9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\n    #extend(): void {\n        // \u6682\u5b58\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n        const bucketsTmp = this.#buckets;\n        // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6269\u5bb9\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n        this.#capacity *= this.#extendRatio;\n        this.#buckets = new Array(this.#capacity).fill(null).map((x) => []);\n        this.#size = 0;\n        // \u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u4ece\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u642c\u8fd0\u81f3\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n        for (const bucket of bucketsTmp) {\n            for (const pair of bucket) {\n                this.put(pair.key, pair.val);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u6253\u5370\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\n    print(): void {\n        for (const bucket of this.#buckets) {\n            let res = [];\n            for (const pair of bucket) {\n                res.push(pair.key + ' -> ' + pair.val);\n            }\n            console.log(res);\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    hash_map_chaining.dart
    /* \u94fe\u5f0f\u5730\u5740\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nclass HashMapChaining {\n  late int size; // \u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6570\u91cf\n  late int capacity; // \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\n  late double loadThres; // \u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u9608\u503c\n  late int extendRatio; // \u6269\u5bb9\u500d\u6570\n  late List<List<Pair>> buckets; // \u6876\u6570\u7ec4\n\n  /* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\n  HashMapChaining() {\n    size = 0;\n    capacity = 4;\n    loadThres = 2.0 / 3.0;\n    extendRatio = 2;\n    buckets = List.generate(capacity, (_) => []);\n  }\n\n  /* \u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570 */\n  int hashFunc(int key) {\n    return key % capacity;\n  }\n\n  /* \u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50 */\n  double loadFactor() {\n    return size / capacity;\n  }\n\n  /* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\n  String? get(int key) {\n    int index = hashFunc(key);\n    List<Pair> bucket = buckets[index];\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6876\uff0c\u82e5\u627e\u5230 key \uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5bf9\u5e94 val\n    for (Pair pair in bucket) {\n      if (pair.key == key) {\n        return pair.val;\n      }\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u672a\u627e\u5230 key \uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de null\n    return null;\n  }\n\n  /* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\n  void put(int key, String val) {\n    // \u5f53\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u8d85\u8fc7\u9608\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u6269\u5bb9\n    if (loadFactor() > loadThres) {\n      extend();\n    }\n    int index = hashFunc(key);\n    List<Pair> bucket = buckets[index];\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6876\uff0c\u82e5\u9047\u5230\u6307\u5b9a key \uff0c\u5219\u66f4\u65b0\u5bf9\u5e94 val \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\n    for (Pair pair in bucket) {\n      if (pair.key == key) {\n        pair.val = val;\n        return;\n      }\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u65e0\u8be5 key \uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u5c3e\u90e8\n    Pair pair = Pair(key, val);\n    bucket.add(pair);\n    size++;\n  }\n\n  /* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\n  void remove(int key) {\n    int index = hashFunc(key);\n    List<Pair> bucket = buckets[index];\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6876\uff0c\u4ece\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\n    for (Pair pair in bucket) {\n      if (pair.key == key) {\n        bucket.remove(pair);\n        size--;\n        break;\n      }\n    }\n  }\n\n  /* \u6269\u5bb9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\n  void extend() {\n    // \u6682\u5b58\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n    List<List<Pair>> bucketsTmp = buckets;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6269\u5bb9\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n    capacity *= extendRatio;\n    buckets = List.generate(capacity, (_) => []);\n    size = 0;\n    // \u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u4ece\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u642c\u8fd0\u81f3\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n    for (List<Pair> bucket in bucketsTmp) {\n      for (Pair pair in bucket) {\n        put(pair.key, pair.val);\n      }\n    }\n  }\n\n  /* \u6253\u5370\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\n  void printHashMap() {\n    for (List<Pair> bucket in buckets) {\n      List<String> res = [];\n      for (Pair pair in bucket) {\n        res.add(\"${pair.key} -> ${pair.val}\");\n      }\n      print(res);\n    }\n  }\n}\n
    hash_map_chaining.rs
    /* \u94fe\u5f0f\u5730\u5740\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nstruct HashMapChaining {\n    size: i32,\n    capacity: i32,\n    load_thres: f32,\n    extend_ratio: i32,\n    buckets: Vec<Vec<Pair>>,\n}\n\nimpl HashMapChaining {\n    /* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\n    fn new() -> Self {\n        Self {\n            size: 0,\n            capacity: 4,\n            load_thres: 2.0 / 3.0,\n            extend_ratio: 2,\n            buckets: vec![vec![]; 4],\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570 */\n    fn hash_func(&self, key: i32) -> usize {\n        key as usize % self.capacity as usize\n    }\n\n    /* \u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50 */\n    fn load_factor(&self) -> f32 {\n        self.size as f32 / self.capacity as f32\n    }\n\n    /* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    fn remove(&mut self, key: i32) -> Option<String> {\n        let index = self.hash_func(key);\n        let bucket = &mut self.buckets[index];\n\n        // \u904d\u5386\u6876\uff0c\u4ece\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\n        for i in 0..bucket.len() {\n            if bucket[i].key == key {\n                let pair = bucket.remove(i);\n                self.size -= 1;\n                return Some(pair.val);\n            }\n        }\n\n        // \u82e5\u672a\u627e\u5230 key \uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de None\n        None\n    }\n\n    /* \u6269\u5bb9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\n    fn extend(&mut self) {\n        // \u6682\u5b58\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n        let buckets_tmp = std::mem::replace(&mut self.buckets, vec![]);\n\n        // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6269\u5bb9\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n        self.capacity *= self.extend_ratio;\n        self.buckets = vec![Vec::new(); self.capacity as usize];\n        self.size = 0;\n\n        // \u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u4ece\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u642c\u8fd0\u81f3\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n        for bucket in buckets_tmp {\n            for pair in bucket {\n                self.put(pair.key, pair.val);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u6253\u5370\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\n    fn print(&self) {\n        for bucket in &self.buckets {\n            let mut res = Vec::new();\n            for pair in bucket {\n                res.push(format!(\"{} -> {}\", pair.key, pair.val));\n            }\n            println!(\"{:?}\", res);\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    fn put(&mut self, key: i32, val: String) {\n        // \u5f53\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u8d85\u8fc7\u9608\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u6269\u5bb9\n        if self.load_factor() > self.load_thres {\n            self.extend();\n        }\n\n        let index = self.hash_func(key);\n        let bucket = &mut self.buckets[index];\n\n        // \u904d\u5386\u6876\uff0c\u82e5\u9047\u5230\u6307\u5b9a key \uff0c\u5219\u66f4\u65b0\u5bf9\u5e94 val \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\n        for pair in bucket {\n            if pair.key == key {\n                pair.val = val.clone();\n                return;\n            }\n        }\n        let bucket = &mut self.buckets[index];\n\n        // \u82e5\u65e0\u8be5 key \uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u5c3e\u90e8\n        let pair = Pair {\n            key,\n            val: val.clone(),\n        };\n        bucket.push(pair);\n        self.size += 1;\n    }\n\n    /* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    fn get(&self, key: i32) -> Option<&str> {\n        let index = self.hash_func(key);\n        let bucket = &self.buckets[index];\n\n        // \u904d\u5386\u6876\uff0c\u82e5\u627e\u5230 key \uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5bf9\u5e94 val\n        for pair in bucket {\n            if pair.key == key {\n                return Some(&pair.val);\n            }\n        }\n\n        // \u82e5\u672a\u627e\u5230 key \uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de None\n        None\n    }\n}\n
    hash_map_chaining.c
    /* \u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9 */\ntypedef struct Node {\n    Pair *pair;\n    struct Node *next;\n} Node;\n\n/* \u94fe\u5f0f\u5730\u5740\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\ntypedef struct {\n    int size;         // \u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6570\u91cf\n    int capacity;     // \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\n    double loadThres; // \u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u9608\u503c\n    int extendRatio;  // \u6269\u5bb9\u500d\u6570\n    Node **buckets;   // \u6876\u6570\u7ec4\n} HashMapChaining;\n\n/* \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570 */\nHashMapChaining *newHashMapChaining() {\n    HashMapChaining *hashMap = (HashMapChaining *)malloc(sizeof(HashMapChaining));\n    hashMap->size = 0;\n    hashMap->capacity = 4;\n    hashMap->loadThres = 2.0 / 3.0;\n    hashMap->extendRatio = 2;\n    hashMap->buckets = (Node **)malloc(hashMap->capacity * sizeof(Node *));\n    for (int i = 0; i < hashMap->capacity; i++) {\n        hashMap->buckets[i] = NULL;\n    }\n    return hashMap;\n}\n\n/* \u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570 */\nvoid delHashMapChaining(HashMapChaining *hashMap) {\n    for (int i = 0; i < hashMap->capacity; i++) {\n        Node *cur = hashMap->buckets[i];\n        while (cur) {\n            Node *tmp = cur;\n            cur = cur->next;\n            free(tmp->pair);\n            free(tmp);\n        }\n    }\n    free(hashMap->buckets);\n    free(hashMap);\n}\n\n/* \u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570 */\nint hashFunc(HashMapChaining *hashMap, int key) {\n    return key % hashMap->capacity;\n}\n\n/* \u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50 */\ndouble loadFactor(HashMapChaining *hashMap) {\n    return (double)hashMap->size / (double)hashMap->capacity;\n}\n\n/* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\nchar *get(HashMapChaining *hashMap, int key) {\n    int index = hashFunc(hashMap, key);\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6876\uff0c\u82e5\u627e\u5230 key \uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5bf9\u5e94 val\n    Node *cur = hashMap->buckets[index];\n    while (cur) {\n        if (cur->pair->key == key) {\n            return cur->pair->val;\n        }\n        cur = cur->next;\n    }\n    return \"\"; // \u82e5\u672a\u627e\u5230 key \uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\n}\n\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\nvoid put(HashMapChaining *hashMap, int key, const char *val) {\n    // \u5f53\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u8d85\u8fc7\u9608\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u6269\u5bb9\n    if (loadFactor(hashMap) > hashMap->loadThres) {\n        extend(hashMap);\n    }\n    int index = hashFunc(hashMap, key);\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6876\uff0c\u82e5\u9047\u5230\u6307\u5b9a key \uff0c\u5219\u66f4\u65b0\u5bf9\u5e94 val \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\n    Node *cur = hashMap->buckets[index];\n    while (cur) {\n        if (cur->pair->key == key) {\n            strcpy(cur->pair->val, val); // \u82e5\u9047\u5230\u6307\u5b9a key \uff0c\u5219\u66f4\u65b0\u5bf9\u5e94 val \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\n            return;\n        }\n        cur = cur->next;\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u65e0\u8be5 key \uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u94fe\u8868\u5934\u90e8\n    Pair *newPair = (Pair *)malloc(sizeof(Pair));\n    newPair->key = key;\n    strcpy(newPair->val, val);\n    Node *newNode = (Node *)malloc(sizeof(Node));\n    newNode->pair = newPair;\n    newNode->next = hashMap->buckets[index];\n    hashMap->buckets[index] = newNode;\n    hashMap->size++;\n}\n\n/* \u6269\u5bb9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nvoid extend(HashMapChaining *hashMap) {\n    // \u6682\u5b58\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n    int oldCapacity = hashMap->capacity;\n    Node **oldBuckets = hashMap->buckets;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6269\u5bb9\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n    hashMap->capacity *= hashMap->extendRatio;\n    hashMap->buckets = (Node **)malloc(hashMap->capacity * sizeof(Node *));\n    for (int i = 0; i < hashMap->capacity; i++) {\n        hashMap->buckets[i] = NULL;\n    }\n    hashMap->size = 0;\n    // \u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u4ece\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u642c\u8fd0\u81f3\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n    for (int i = 0; i < oldCapacity; i++) {\n        Node *cur = oldBuckets[i];\n        while (cur) {\n            put(hashMap, cur->pair->key, cur->pair->val);\n            Node *temp = cur;\n            cur = cur->next;\n            // \u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\n            free(temp->pair);\n            free(temp);\n        }\n    }\n\n    free(oldBuckets);\n}\n\n/* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\nvoid removeItem(HashMapChaining *hashMap, int key) {\n    int index = hashFunc(hashMap, key);\n    Node *cur = hashMap->buckets[index];\n    Node *pre = NULL;\n    while (cur) {\n        if (cur->pair->key == key) {\n            // \u4ece\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\n            if (pre) {\n                pre->next = cur->next;\n            } else {\n                hashMap->buckets[index] = cur->next;\n            }\n            // \u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\n            free(cur->pair);\n            free(cur);\n            hashMap->size--;\n            return;\n        }\n        pre = cur;\n        cur = cur->next;\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u6253\u5370\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nvoid print(HashMapChaining *hashMap) {\n    for (int i = 0; i < hashMap->capacity; i++) {\n        Node *cur = hashMap->buckets[i];\n        printf(\"[\");\n        while (cur) {\n            printf(\"%d -> %s, \", cur->pair->key, cur->pair->val);\n            cur = cur->next;\n        }\n        printf(\"]\\n\");\n    }\n}\n
    hash_map_chaining.zig
    [class]{HashMapChaining}-[func]{}\n

    \u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5f53\u94fe\u8868\u5f88\u957f\u65f6\uff0c\u67e5\u8be2\u6548\u7387 \\(O(n)\\) \u5f88\u5dee\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u94fe\u8868\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u201cAVL \u6811\u201d\u6216\u201c\u7ea2\u9ed1\u6811\u201d\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5c06\u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4f18\u5316\u81f3 \\(O(\\log n)\\) \u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_hashing/hash_collision/#622","title":"6.2.2 \u00a0 \u5f00\u653e\u5bfb\u5740","text":"

    \u300c\u5f00\u653e\u5bfb\u5740 open addressing\u300d\u4e0d\u5f15\u5165\u989d\u5916\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u591a\u6b21\u63a2\u6d4b\u201d\u6765\u5904\u7406\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u63a2\u6d4b\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u62ec\u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\u3001\u5e73\u65b9\u63a2\u6d4b\u548c\u591a\u6b21\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b49\u3002

    \u4e0b\u9762\u4ee5\u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5f00\u653e\u5bfb\u5740\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u673a\u5236\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_hashing/hash_collision/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b","text":"

    \u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\u91c7\u7528\u56fa\u5b9a\u6b65\u957f\u7684\u7ebf\u6027\u641c\u7d22\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u63a2\u6d4b\uff0c\u5176\u64cd\u4f5c\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0e\u666e\u901a\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\u3002

    • \u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u8ba1\u7b97\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u82e5\u53d1\u73b0\u6876\u5185\u5df2\u6709\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5219\u4ece\u51b2\u7a81\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5411\u540e\u7ebf\u6027\u904d\u5386\uff08\u6b65\u957f\u901a\u5e38\u4e3a \\(1\\) \uff09\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u627e\u5230\u7a7a\u6876\uff0c\u5c06\u5143\u7d20\u63d2\u5165\u5176\u4e2d\u3002
    • \u67e5\u627e\u5143\u7d20\uff1a\u82e5\u53d1\u73b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u5219\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u540c\u6b65\u957f\u5411\u540e\u8fdb\u884c\u7ebf\u6027\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u627e\u5230\u5bf9\u5e94\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de value \u5373\u53ef\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u9047\u5230\u7a7a\u6876\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\u4e0d\u5728\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de None \u3002

    \u56fe 6-6 \u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5f00\u653e\u5bfb\u5740\uff08\u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\uff09\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u7684\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u5206\u5e03\u3002\u6839\u636e\u6b64\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u4e24\u4f4d\u76f8\u540c\u7684 key \u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u6620\u5c04\u5230\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u6876\u3002\u800c\u901a\u8fc7\u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u88ab\u4f9d\u6b21\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u8be5\u6876\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e4b\u4e0b\u7684\u6876\u4e2d\u3002

    \u56fe 6-6 \u00a0 \u5f00\u653e\u5bfb\u5740\uff08\u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\uff09\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u7684\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u5206\u5e03

    \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\u5bb9\u6613\u4ea7\u751f\u201c\u805a\u96c6\u73b0\u8c61\u201d\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u8fde\u7eed\u88ab\u5360\u7528\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u8d8a\u957f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8fde\u7eed\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53d1\u751f\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u4fc3\u4f7f\u8be5\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u805a\u5806\u751f\u957f\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u6076\u6027\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u5bfc\u81f4\u589e\u5220\u67e5\u6539\u64cd\u4f5c\u6548\u7387\u52a3\u5316\u3002

    \u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u5728\u5f00\u653e\u5bfb\u5740\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u76f4\u63a5\u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20\u4f1a\u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u5185\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u6876 None \uff0c\u800c\u5f53\u67e5\u8be2\u5143\u7d20\u65f6\uff0c\u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\u5230\u8be5\u7a7a\u6876\u5c31\u4f1a\u8fd4\u56de\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u8be5\u7a7a\u6876\u4e4b\u4e0b\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u518d\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u5230\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53ef\u80fd\u8bef\u5224\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5143\u7d20\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u3002

    \u56fe 6-7 \u00a0 \u5728\u5f00\u653e\u5bfb\u5740\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u95ee\u9898

    \u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u8be5\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u91c7\u7528\u300c\u61d2\u5220\u9664 lazy deletion\u300d\u673a\u5236\uff1a\u5b83\u4e0d\u76f4\u63a5\u4ece\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u79fb\u9664\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5229\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e38\u91cf TOMBSTONE \u6765\u6807\u8bb0\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6876\u3002\u5728\u8be5\u673a\u5236\u4e0b\uff0cNone \u548c TOMBSTONE \u90fd\u4ee3\u8868\u7a7a\u6876\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u653e\u7f6e\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u3002\u4f46\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\u5230 TOMBSTONE \u65f6\u5e94\u8be5\u7ee7\u7eed\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5176\u4e4b\u4e0b\u53ef\u80fd\u8fd8\u5b58\u5728\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u3002

    \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u61d2\u5220\u9664\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u52a0\u901f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u9000\u5316\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6bcf\u6b21\u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c\u90fd\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5220\u9664\u6807\u8bb0\uff0c\u968f\u7740 TOMBSTONE \u7684\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u641c\u7d22\u65f6\u95f4\u4e5f\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u8df3\u8fc7\u591a\u4e2a TOMBSTONE \u624d\u80fd\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\u3002

    \u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u8003\u8651\u5728\u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\u4e2d\u8bb0\u5f55\u9047\u5230\u7684\u9996\u4e2a TOMBSTONE \u7684\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u641c\u7d22\u5230\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u8be5 TOMBSTONE \u4ea4\u6362\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u7684\u597d\u5904\u662f\u5f53\u6bcf\u6b21\u67e5\u8be2\u6216\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20\u65f6\uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u4f1a\u88ab\u79fb\u52a8\u81f3\u8ddd\u79bb\u7406\u60f3\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff08\u63a2\u6d4b\u8d77\u59cb\u70b9\uff09\u66f4\u8fd1\u7684\u6876\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f18\u5316\u67e5\u8be2\u6548\u7387\u3002

    \u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u542b\u61d2\u5220\u9664\u7684\u5f00\u653e\u5bfb\u5740\uff08\u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\uff09\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u66f4\u52a0\u5145\u5206\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u770b\u4f5c\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u201d\uff0c\u5f53\u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u65f6\uff0c\u56de\u5230\u5934\u90e8\u7ee7\u7eed\u904d\u5386\u3002

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig hash_map_open_addressing.py
    class HashMapOpenAddressing:\n    \"\"\"\u5f00\u653e\u5bfb\u5740\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\"\"\"\n\n    def __init__(self):\n        \"\"\"\u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5\"\"\"\n        self.size = 0  # \u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6570\u91cf\n        self.capacity = 4  # \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\n        self.load_thres = 2.0 / 3.0  # \u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u9608\u503c\n        self.extend_ratio = 2  # \u6269\u5bb9\u500d\u6570\n        self.buckets: list[Pair | None] = [None] * self.capacity  # \u6876\u6570\u7ec4\n        self.TOMBSTONE = Pair(-1, \"-1\")  # \u5220\u9664\u6807\u8bb0\n\n    def hash_func(self, key: int) -> int:\n        \"\"\"\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\"\"\"\n        return key % self.capacity\n\n    def load_factor(self) -> float:\n        \"\"\"\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\"\"\"\n        return self.size / self.capacity\n\n    def find_bucket(self, key: int) -> int:\n        \"\"\"\u641c\u7d22 key \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\"\"\"\n        index = self.hash_func(key)\n        first_tombstone = -1\n        # \u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\uff0c\u5f53\u9047\u5230\u7a7a\u6876\u65f6\u8df3\u51fa\n        while self.buckets[index] is not None:\n            # \u82e5\u9047\u5230 key \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\n            if self.buckets[index].key == key:\n                # \u82e5\u4e4b\u524d\u9047\u5230\u4e86\u5220\u9664\u6807\u8bb0\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u79fb\u52a8\u81f3\u8be5\u7d22\u5f15\u5904\n                if first_tombstone != -1:\n                    self.buckets[first_tombstone] = self.buckets[index]\n                    self.buckets[index] = self.TOMBSTONE\n                    return first_tombstone  # \u8fd4\u56de\u79fb\u52a8\u540e\u7684\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\n                return index  # \u8fd4\u56de\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\n            # \u8bb0\u5f55\u9047\u5230\u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u5220\u9664\u6807\u8bb0\n            if first_tombstone == -1 and self.buckets[index] is self.TOMBSTONE:\n                first_tombstone = index\n            # \u8ba1\u7b97\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u5c3e\u90e8\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5934\u90e8\n            index = (index + 1) % self.capacity\n        # \u82e5 key \u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u6dfb\u52a0\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n        return index if first_tombstone == -1 else first_tombstone\n\n    def get(self, key: int) -> str:\n        \"\"\"\u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c\"\"\"\n        # \u641c\u7d22 key \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\n        index = self.find_bucket(key)\n        # \u82e5\u627e\u5230\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5bf9\u5e94 val\n        if self.buckets[index] not in [None, self.TOMBSTONE]:\n            return self.buckets[index].val\n        # \u82e5\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de None\n        return None\n\n    def put(self, key: int, val: str):\n        \"\"\"\u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c\"\"\"\n        # \u5f53\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u8d85\u8fc7\u9608\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u6269\u5bb9\n        if self.load_factor() > self.load_thres:\n            self.extend()\n        # \u641c\u7d22 key \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\n        index = self.find_bucket(key)\n        # \u82e5\u627e\u5230\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\uff0c\u5219\u8986\u76d6 val \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\n        if self.buckets[index] not in [None, self.TOMBSTONE]:\n            self.buckets[index].val = val\n            return\n        # \u82e5\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5219\u6dfb\u52a0\u8be5\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\n        self.buckets[index] = Pair(key, val)\n        self.size += 1\n\n    def remove(self, key: int):\n        \"\"\"\u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c\"\"\"\n        # \u641c\u7d22 key \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\n        index = self.find_bucket(key)\n        # \u82e5\u627e\u5230\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\uff0c\u5219\u7528\u5220\u9664\u6807\u8bb0\u8986\u76d6\u5b83\n        if self.buckets[index] not in [None, self.TOMBSTONE]:\n            self.buckets[index] = self.TOMBSTONE\n            self.size -= 1\n\n    def extend(self):\n        \"\"\"\u6269\u5bb9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\"\"\"\n        # \u6682\u5b58\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n        buckets_tmp = self.buckets\n        # \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6269\u5bb9\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n        self.capacity *= self.extend_ratio\n        self.buckets = [None] * self.capacity\n        self.size = 0\n        # \u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u4ece\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u642c\u8fd0\u81f3\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n        for pair in buckets_tmp:\n            if pair not in [None, self.TOMBSTONE]:\n                self.put(pair.key, pair.val)\n\n    def print(self):\n        \"\"\"\u6253\u5370\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\"\"\"\n        for pair in self.buckets:\n            if pair is None:\n                print(\"None\")\n            elif pair is self.TOMBSTONE:\n                print(\"TOMBSTONE\")\n            else:\n                print(pair.key, \"->\", pair.val)\n
    hash_map_open_addressing.cpp
    /* \u5f00\u653e\u5bfb\u5740\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nclass HashMapOpenAddressing {\n  private:\n    int size;                             // \u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6570\u91cf\n    int capacity = 4;                     // \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\n    const double loadThres = 2.0 / 3.0;     // \u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u9608\u503c\n    const int extendRatio = 2;            // \u6269\u5bb9\u500d\u6570\n    vector<Pair *> buckets;               // \u6876\u6570\u7ec4\n    Pair *TOMBSTONE = new Pair(-1, \"-1\"); // \u5220\u9664\u6807\u8bb0\n\n  public:\n    /* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\n    HashMapOpenAddressing() : size(0), buckets(capacity, nullptr) {\n    }\n\n    /* \u6790\u6784\u65b9\u6cd5 */\n    ~HashMapOpenAddressing() {\n        for (Pair *pair : buckets) {\n            if (pair != nullptr && pair != TOMBSTONE) {\n                delete pair;\n            }\n        }\n        delete TOMBSTONE;\n    }\n\n    /* \u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570 */\n    int hashFunc(int key) {\n        return key % capacity;\n    }\n\n    /* \u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50 */\n    double loadFactor() {\n        return (double)size / capacity;\n    }\n\n    /* \u641c\u7d22 key \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6876\u7d22\u5f15 */\n    int findBucket(int key) {\n        int index = hashFunc(key);\n        int firstTombstone = -1;\n        // \u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\uff0c\u5f53\u9047\u5230\u7a7a\u6876\u65f6\u8df3\u51fa\n        while (buckets[index] != nullptr) {\n            // \u82e5\u9047\u5230 key \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\n            if (buckets[index]->key == key) {\n                // \u82e5\u4e4b\u524d\u9047\u5230\u4e86\u5220\u9664\u6807\u8bb0\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u79fb\u52a8\u81f3\u8be5\u7d22\u5f15\u5904\n                if (firstTombstone != -1) {\n                    buckets[firstTombstone] = buckets[index];\n                    buckets[index] = TOMBSTONE;\n                    return firstTombstone; // \u8fd4\u56de\u79fb\u52a8\u540e\u7684\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\n                }\n                return index; // \u8fd4\u56de\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\n            }\n            // \u8bb0\u5f55\u9047\u5230\u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u5220\u9664\u6807\u8bb0\n            if (firstTombstone == -1 && buckets[index] == TOMBSTONE) {\n                firstTombstone = index;\n            }\n            // \u8ba1\u7b97\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u5c3e\u90e8\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5934\u90e8\n            index = (index + 1) % capacity;\n        }\n        // \u82e5 key \u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u6dfb\u52a0\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n        return firstTombstone == -1 ? index : firstTombstone;\n    }\n\n    /* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    string get(int key) {\n        // \u641c\u7d22 key \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\n        int index = findBucket(key);\n        // \u82e5\u627e\u5230\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5bf9\u5e94 val\n        if (buckets[index] != nullptr && buckets[index] != TOMBSTONE) {\n            return buckets[index]->val;\n        }\n        // \u82e5\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\n        return \"\";\n    }\n\n    /* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    void put(int key, string val) {\n        // \u5f53\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u8d85\u8fc7\u9608\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u6269\u5bb9\n        if (loadFactor() > loadThres) {\n            extend();\n        }\n        // \u641c\u7d22 key \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\n        int index = findBucket(key);\n        // \u82e5\u627e\u5230\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\uff0c\u5219\u8986\u76d6 val \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\n        if (buckets[index] != nullptr && buckets[index] != TOMBSTONE) {\n            buckets[index]->val = val;\n            return;\n        }\n        // \u82e5\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5219\u6dfb\u52a0\u8be5\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\n        buckets[index] = new Pair(key, val);\n        size++;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    void remove(int key) {\n        // \u641c\u7d22 key \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\n        int index = findBucket(key);\n        // \u82e5\u627e\u5230\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\uff0c\u5219\u7528\u5220\u9664\u6807\u8bb0\u8986\u76d6\u5b83\n        if (buckets[index] != nullptr && buckets[index] != TOMBSTONE) {\n            delete buckets[index];\n            buckets[index] = TOMBSTONE;\n            size--;\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u6269\u5bb9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\n    void extend() {\n        // \u6682\u5b58\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n        vector<Pair *> bucketsTmp = buckets;\n        // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6269\u5bb9\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n        capacity *= extendRatio;\n        buckets = vector<Pair *>(capacity, nullptr);\n        size = 0;\n        // \u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u4ece\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u642c\u8fd0\u81f3\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n        for (Pair *pair : bucketsTmp) {\n            if (pair != nullptr && pair != TOMBSTONE) {\n                put(pair->key, pair->val);\n                delete pair;\n            }\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u6253\u5370\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\n    void print() {\n        for (Pair *pair : buckets) {\n            if (pair == nullptr) {\n                cout << \"nullptr\" << endl;\n            } else if (pair == TOMBSTONE) {\n                cout << \"TOMBSTONE\" << endl;\n            } else {\n                cout << pair->key << \" -> \" << pair->val << endl;\n            }\n        }\n    }\n};\n
    hash_map_open_addressing.java
    /* \u5f00\u653e\u5bfb\u5740\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nclass HashMapOpenAddressing {\n    private int size; // \u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6570\u91cf\n    private int capacity = 4; // \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\n    private final double loadThres = 2.0 / 3.0; // \u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u9608\u503c\n    private final int extendRatio = 2; // \u6269\u5bb9\u500d\u6570\n    private Pair[] buckets; // \u6876\u6570\u7ec4\n    private final Pair TOMBSTONE = new Pair(-1, \"-1\"); // \u5220\u9664\u6807\u8bb0\n\n    /* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\n    public HashMapOpenAddressing() {\n        size = 0;\n        buckets = new Pair[capacity];\n    }\n\n    /* \u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570 */\n    private int hashFunc(int key) {\n        return key % capacity;\n    }\n\n    /* \u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50 */\n    private double loadFactor() {\n        return (double) size / capacity;\n    }\n\n    /* \u641c\u7d22 key \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6876\u7d22\u5f15 */\n    private int findBucket(int key) {\n        int index = hashFunc(key);\n        int firstTombstone = -1;\n        // \u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\uff0c\u5f53\u9047\u5230\u7a7a\u6876\u65f6\u8df3\u51fa\n        while (buckets[index] != null) {\n            // \u82e5\u9047\u5230 key \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\n            if (buckets[index].key == key) {\n                // \u82e5\u4e4b\u524d\u9047\u5230\u4e86\u5220\u9664\u6807\u8bb0\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u79fb\u52a8\u81f3\u8be5\u7d22\u5f15\u5904\n                if (firstTombstone != -1) {\n                    buckets[firstTombstone] = buckets[index];\n                    buckets[index] = TOMBSTONE;\n                    return firstTombstone; // \u8fd4\u56de\u79fb\u52a8\u540e\u7684\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\n                }\n                return index; // \u8fd4\u56de\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\n            }\n            // \u8bb0\u5f55\u9047\u5230\u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u5220\u9664\u6807\u8bb0\n            if (firstTombstone == -1 && buckets[index] == TOMBSTONE) {\n                firstTombstone = index;\n            }\n            // \u8ba1\u7b97\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u5c3e\u90e8\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5934\u90e8\n            index = (index + 1) % capacity;\n        }\n        // \u82e5 key \u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u6dfb\u52a0\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n        return firstTombstone == -1 ? index : firstTombstone;\n    }\n\n    /* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    public String get(int key) {\n        // \u641c\u7d22 key \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\n        int index = findBucket(key);\n        // \u82e5\u627e\u5230\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5bf9\u5e94 val\n        if (buckets[index] != null && buckets[index] != TOMBSTONE) {\n            return buckets[index].val;\n        }\n        // \u82e5\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de null\n        return null;\n    }\n\n    /* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    public void put(int key, String val) {\n        // \u5f53\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u8d85\u8fc7\u9608\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u6269\u5bb9\n        if (loadFactor() > loadThres) {\n            extend();\n        }\n        // \u641c\u7d22 key \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\n        int index = findBucket(key);\n        // \u82e5\u627e\u5230\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\uff0c\u5219\u8986\u76d6 val \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\n        if (buckets[index] != null && buckets[index] != TOMBSTONE) {\n            buckets[index].val = val;\n            return;\n        }\n        // \u82e5\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5219\u6dfb\u52a0\u8be5\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\n        buckets[index] = new Pair(key, val);\n        size++;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    public void remove(int key) {\n        // \u641c\u7d22 key \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\n        int index = findBucket(key);\n        // \u82e5\u627e\u5230\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\uff0c\u5219\u7528\u5220\u9664\u6807\u8bb0\u8986\u76d6\u5b83\n        if (buckets[index] != null && buckets[index] != TOMBSTONE) {\n            buckets[index] = TOMBSTONE;\n            size--;\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u6269\u5bb9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\n    private void extend() {\n        // \u6682\u5b58\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n        Pair[] bucketsTmp = buckets;\n        // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6269\u5bb9\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n        capacity *= extendRatio;\n        buckets = new Pair[capacity];\n        size = 0;\n        // \u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u4ece\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u642c\u8fd0\u81f3\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n        for (Pair pair : bucketsTmp) {\n            if (pair != null && pair != TOMBSTONE) {\n                put(pair.key, pair.val);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u6253\u5370\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\n    public void print() {\n        for (Pair pair : buckets) {\n            if (pair == null) {\n                System.out.println(\"null\");\n            } else if (pair == TOMBSTONE) {\n                System.out.println(\"TOMBSTONE\");\n            } else {\n                System.out.println(pair.key + \" -> \" + pair.val);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    hash_map_open_addressing.cs
    /* \u5f00\u653e\u5bfb\u5740\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nclass HashMapOpenAddressing {\n    int size; // \u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6570\u91cf\n    int capacity = 4; // \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\n    double loadThres = 2.0 / 3.0; // \u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u9608\u503c\n    int extendRatio = 2; // \u6269\u5bb9\u500d\u6570\n    Pair[] buckets; // \u6876\u6570\u7ec4\n    Pair TOMBSTONE = new(-1, \"-1\"); // \u5220\u9664\u6807\u8bb0\n\n    /* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\n    public HashMapOpenAddressing() {\n        size = 0;\n        buckets = new Pair[capacity];\n    }\n\n    /* \u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570 */\n    int HashFunc(int key) {\n        return key % capacity;\n    }\n\n    /* \u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50 */\n    double LoadFactor() {\n        return (double)size / capacity;\n    }\n\n    /* \u641c\u7d22 key \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6876\u7d22\u5f15 */\n    int FindBucket(int key) {\n        int index = HashFunc(key);\n        int firstTombstone = -1;\n        // \u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\uff0c\u5f53\u9047\u5230\u7a7a\u6876\u65f6\u8df3\u51fa\n        while (buckets[index] != null) {\n            // \u82e5\u9047\u5230 key \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\n            if (buckets[index].key == key) {\n                // \u82e5\u4e4b\u524d\u9047\u5230\u4e86\u5220\u9664\u6807\u8bb0\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u79fb\u52a8\u81f3\u8be5\u7d22\u5f15\u5904\n                if (firstTombstone != -1) {\n                    buckets[firstTombstone] = buckets[index];\n                    buckets[index] = TOMBSTONE;\n                    return firstTombstone; // \u8fd4\u56de\u79fb\u52a8\u540e\u7684\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\n                }\n                return index; // \u8fd4\u56de\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\n            }\n            // \u8bb0\u5f55\u9047\u5230\u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u5220\u9664\u6807\u8bb0\n            if (firstTombstone == -1 && buckets[index] == TOMBSTONE) {\n                firstTombstone = index;\n            }\n            // \u8ba1\u7b97\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u5c3e\u90e8\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5934\u90e8\n            index = (index + 1) % capacity;\n        }\n        // \u82e5 key \u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u6dfb\u52a0\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n        return firstTombstone == -1 ? index : firstTombstone;\n    }\n\n    /* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    public string? Get(int key) {\n        // \u641c\u7d22 key \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\n        int index = FindBucket(key);\n        // \u82e5\u627e\u5230\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5bf9\u5e94 val\n        if (buckets[index] != null && buckets[index] != TOMBSTONE) {\n            return buckets[index].val;\n        }\n        // \u82e5\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de null\n        return null;\n    }\n\n    /* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    public void Put(int key, string val) {\n        // \u5f53\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u8d85\u8fc7\u9608\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u6269\u5bb9\n        if (LoadFactor() > loadThres) {\n            Extend();\n        }\n        // \u641c\u7d22 key \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\n        int index = FindBucket(key);\n        // \u82e5\u627e\u5230\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\uff0c\u5219\u8986\u76d6 val \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\n        if (buckets[index] != null && buckets[index] != TOMBSTONE) {\n            buckets[index].val = val;\n            return;\n        }\n        // \u82e5\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5219\u6dfb\u52a0\u8be5\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\n        buckets[index] = new Pair(key, val);\n        size++;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    public void Remove(int key) {\n        // \u641c\u7d22 key \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\n        int index = FindBucket(key);\n        // \u82e5\u627e\u5230\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\uff0c\u5219\u7528\u5220\u9664\u6807\u8bb0\u8986\u76d6\u5b83\n        if (buckets[index] != null && buckets[index] != TOMBSTONE) {\n            buckets[index] = TOMBSTONE;\n            size--;\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u6269\u5bb9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\n    void Extend() {\n        // \u6682\u5b58\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n        Pair[] bucketsTmp = buckets;\n        // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6269\u5bb9\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n        capacity *= extendRatio;\n        buckets = new Pair[capacity];\n        size = 0;\n        // \u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u4ece\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u642c\u8fd0\u81f3\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n        foreach (Pair pair in bucketsTmp) {\n            if (pair != null && pair != TOMBSTONE) {\n                Put(pair.key, pair.val);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u6253\u5370\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\n    public void Print() {\n        foreach (Pair pair in buckets) {\n            if (pair == null) {\n                Console.WriteLine(\"null\");\n            } else if (pair == TOMBSTONE) {\n                Console.WriteLine(\"TOMBSTONE\");\n            } else {\n                Console.WriteLine(pair.key + \" -> \" + pair.val);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    hash_map_open_addressing.go
    /* \u5f00\u653e\u5bfb\u5740\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\ntype hashMapOpenAddressing struct {\n    size        int     // \u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6570\u91cf\n    capacity    int     // \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\n    loadThres   float64 // \u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u9608\u503c\n    extendRatio int     // \u6269\u5bb9\u500d\u6570\n    buckets     []pair  // \u6876\u6570\u7ec4\n    removed     pair    // \u5220\u9664\u6807\u8bb0\n}\n\n/* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\nfunc newHashMapOpenAddressing() *hashMapOpenAddressing {\n    buckets := make([]pair, 4)\n    return &hashMapOpenAddressing{\n        size:        0,\n        capacity:    4,\n        loadThres:   2.0 / 3.0,\n        extendRatio: 2,\n        buckets:     buckets,\n        removed: pair{\n            key: -1,\n            val: \"-1\",\n        },\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570 */\nfunc (m *hashMapOpenAddressing) hashFunc(key int) int {\n    return key % m.capacity\n}\n\n/* \u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50 */\nfunc (m *hashMapOpenAddressing) loadFactor() float64 {\n    return float64(m.size) / float64(m.capacity)\n}\n\n/* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\nfunc (m *hashMapOpenAddressing) get(key int) string {\n    idx := m.hashFunc(key)\n    // \u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\uff0c\u4ece index \u5f00\u59cb\u5411\u540e\u904d\u5386\n    for i := 0; i < m.capacity; i++ {\n        // \u8ba1\u7b97\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u5c3e\u90e8\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5934\u90e8\n        j := (idx + i) % m.capacity\n        // \u82e5\u9047\u5230\u7a7a\u6876\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u65e0\u6b64 key \uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de null\n        if m.buckets[j] == (pair{}) {\n            return \"\"\n        }\n        // \u82e5\u9047\u5230\u6307\u5b9a key \uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5bf9\u5e94 val\n        if m.buckets[j].key == key && m.buckets[j] != m.removed {\n            return m.buckets[j].val\n        }\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u672a\u627e\u5230 key \uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\n    return \"\"\n}\n\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\nfunc (m *hashMapOpenAddressing) put(key int, val string) {\n    // \u5f53\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u8d85\u8fc7\u9608\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u6269\u5bb9\n    if m.loadFactor() > m.loadThres {\n        m.extend()\n    }\n    idx := m.hashFunc(key)\n    // \u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\uff0c\u4ece index \u5f00\u59cb\u5411\u540e\u904d\u5386\n    for i := 0; i < m.capacity; i++ {\n        // \u8ba1\u7b97\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u5c3e\u90e8\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5934\u90e8\n        j := (idx + i) % m.capacity\n        // \u82e5\u9047\u5230\u7a7a\u6876\u3001\u6216\u5e26\u6709\u5220\u9664\u6807\u8bb0\u7684\u6876\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u653e\u5165\u8be5\u6876\n        if m.buckets[j] == (pair{}) || m.buckets[j] == m.removed {\n            m.buckets[j] = pair{\n                key: key,\n                val: val,\n            }\n            m.size += 1\n            return\n        }\n        // \u82e5\u9047\u5230\u6307\u5b9a key \uff0c\u5219\u66f4\u65b0\u5bf9\u5e94 val\n        if m.buckets[j].key == key {\n            m.buckets[j].val = val\n            return\n        }\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\nfunc (m *hashMapOpenAddressing) remove(key int) {\n    idx := m.hashFunc(key)\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6876\uff0c\u4ece\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\n    // \u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\uff0c\u4ece index \u5f00\u59cb\u5411\u540e\u904d\u5386\n    for i := 0; i < m.capacity; i++ {\n        // \u8ba1\u7b97\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u5c3e\u90e8\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5934\u90e8\n        j := (idx + i) % m.capacity\n        // \u82e5\u9047\u5230\u7a7a\u6876\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u65e0\u6b64 key \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n        if m.buckets[j] == (pair{}) {\n            return\n        }\n        // \u82e5\u9047\u5230\u6307\u5b9a key \uff0c\u5219\u6807\u8bb0\u5220\u9664\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\n        if m.buckets[j].key == key {\n            m.buckets[j] = m.removed\n            m.size -= 1\n        }\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u6269\u5bb9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nfunc (m *hashMapOpenAddressing) extend() {\n    // \u6682\u5b58\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n    tmpBuckets := make([]pair, len(m.buckets))\n    copy(tmpBuckets, m.buckets)\n\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6269\u5bb9\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n    m.capacity *= m.extendRatio\n    m.buckets = make([]pair, m.capacity)\n    m.size = 0\n    // \u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u4ece\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u642c\u8fd0\u81f3\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n    for _, p := range tmpBuckets {\n        if p != (pair{}) && p != m.removed {\n            m.put(p.key, p.val)\n        }\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u6253\u5370\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nfunc (m *hashMapOpenAddressing) print() {\n    for _, p := range m.buckets {\n        if p != (pair{}) {\n            fmt.Println(strconv.Itoa(p.key) + \" -> \" + p.val)\n        } else {\n            fmt.Println(\"nil\")\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    hash_map_open_addressing.swift
    /* \u5f00\u653e\u5bfb\u5740\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nclass HashMapOpenAddressing {\n    var size: Int // \u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6570\u91cf\n    var capacity: Int // \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\n    var loadThres: Double // \u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u9608\u503c\n    var extendRatio: Int // \u6269\u5bb9\u500d\u6570\n    var buckets: [Pair?] // \u6876\u6570\u7ec4\n    var TOMBSTONE: Pair // \u5220\u9664\u6807\u8bb0\n\n    /* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\n    init() {\n        size = 0\n        capacity = 4\n        loadThres = 2.0 / 3.0\n        extendRatio = 2\n        buckets = Array(repeating: nil, count: capacity)\n        TOMBSTONE = Pair(key: -1, val: \"-1\")\n    }\n\n    /* \u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570 */\n    func hashFunc(key: Int) -> Int {\n        key % capacity\n    }\n\n    /* \u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50 */\n    func loadFactor() -> Double {\n        Double(size / capacity)\n    }\n\n    /* \u641c\u7d22 key \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6876\u7d22\u5f15 */\n    func findBucket(key: Int) -> Int {\n        var index = hashFunc(key: key)\n        var firstTombstone = -1\n        // \u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\uff0c\u5f53\u9047\u5230\u7a7a\u6876\u65f6\u8df3\u51fa\n        while buckets[index] != nil {\n            // \u82e5\u9047\u5230 key \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\n            if buckets[index]!.key == key {\n                // \u82e5\u4e4b\u524d\u9047\u5230\u4e86\u5220\u9664\u6807\u8bb0\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u79fb\u52a8\u81f3\u8be5\u7d22\u5f15\u5904\n                if firstTombstone != -1 {\n                    buckets[firstTombstone] = buckets[index]\n                    buckets[index] = TOMBSTONE\n                    return firstTombstone // \u8fd4\u56de\u79fb\u52a8\u540e\u7684\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\n                }\n                return index // \u8fd4\u56de\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\n            }\n            // \u8bb0\u5f55\u9047\u5230\u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u5220\u9664\u6807\u8bb0\n            if firstTombstone == -1 && buckets[index] == TOMBSTONE {\n                firstTombstone = index\n            }\n            // \u8ba1\u7b97\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u5c3e\u90e8\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5934\u90e8\n            index = (index + 1) % capacity\n        }\n        // \u82e5 key \u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u6dfb\u52a0\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n        return firstTombstone == -1 ? index : firstTombstone\n    }\n\n    /* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    func get(key: Int) -> String? {\n        // \u641c\u7d22 key \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\n        let index = findBucket(key: key)\n        // \u82e5\u627e\u5230\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5bf9\u5e94 val\n        if buckets[index] != nil, buckets[index] != TOMBSTONE {\n            return buckets[index]!.val\n        }\n        // \u82e5\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de null\n        return nil\n    }\n\n    /* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    func put(key: Int, val: String) {\n        // \u5f53\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u8d85\u8fc7\u9608\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u6269\u5bb9\n        if loadFactor() > loadThres {\n            extend()\n        }\n        // \u641c\u7d22 key \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\n        let index = findBucket(key: key)\n        // \u82e5\u627e\u5230\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\uff0c\u5219\u8986\u76d6 val \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\n        if buckets[index] != nil, buckets[index] != TOMBSTONE {\n            buckets[index]!.val = val\n            return\n        }\n        // \u82e5\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5219\u6dfb\u52a0\u8be5\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\n        buckets[index] = Pair(key: key, val: val)\n        size += 1\n    }\n\n    /* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    func remove(key: Int) {\n        // \u641c\u7d22 key \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\n        let index = findBucket(key: key)\n        // \u82e5\u627e\u5230\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\uff0c\u5219\u7528\u5220\u9664\u6807\u8bb0\u8986\u76d6\u5b83\n        if buckets[index] != nil, buckets[index] != TOMBSTONE {\n            buckets[index] = TOMBSTONE\n            size -= 1\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u6269\u5bb9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\n    func extend() {\n        // \u6682\u5b58\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n        let bucketsTmp = buckets\n        // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6269\u5bb9\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n        capacity *= extendRatio\n        buckets = Array(repeating: nil, count: capacity)\n        size = 0\n        // \u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u4ece\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u642c\u8fd0\u81f3\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n        for pair in bucketsTmp {\n            if let pair, pair != TOMBSTONE {\n                put(key: pair.key, val: pair.val)\n            }\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u6253\u5370\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\n    func print() {\n        for pair in buckets {\n            if pair == nil {\n                Swift.print(\"null\")\n            } else if pair == TOMBSTONE {\n                Swift.print(\"TOMBSTONE\")\n            } else {\n                Swift.print(\"\\(pair!.key) -> \\(pair!.val)\")\n            }\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    hash_map_open_addressing.js
    /* \u5f00\u653e\u5bfb\u5740\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nclass HashMapOpenAddressing {\n    #size; // \u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6570\u91cf\n    #capacity; // \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\n    #loadThres; // \u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u9608\u503c\n    #extendRatio; // \u6269\u5bb9\u500d\u6570\n    #buckets; // \u6876\u6570\u7ec4\n    #TOMBSTONE; // \u5220\u9664\u6807\u8bb0\n\n    /* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\n    constructor() {\n        this.#size = 0; // \u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6570\u91cf\n        this.#capacity = 4; // \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\n        this.#loadThres = 2.0 / 3.0; // \u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u9608\u503c\n        this.#extendRatio = 2; // \u6269\u5bb9\u500d\u6570\n        this.#buckets = Array(this.#capacity).fill(null); // \u6876\u6570\u7ec4\n        this.#TOMBSTONE = new Pair(-1, '-1'); // \u5220\u9664\u6807\u8bb0\n    }\n\n    /* \u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570 */\n    #hashFunc(key) {\n        return key % this.#capacity;\n    }\n\n    /* \u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50 */\n    #loadFactor() {\n        return this.#size / this.#capacity;\n    }\n\n    /* \u641c\u7d22 key \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6876\u7d22\u5f15 */\n    #findBucket(key) {\n        let index = this.#hashFunc(key);\n        let firstTombstone = -1;\n        // \u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\uff0c\u5f53\u9047\u5230\u7a7a\u6876\u65f6\u8df3\u51fa\n        while (this.#buckets[index] !== null) {\n            // \u82e5\u9047\u5230 key \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\n            if (this.#buckets[index].key === key) {\n                // \u82e5\u4e4b\u524d\u9047\u5230\u4e86\u5220\u9664\u6807\u8bb0\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u79fb\u52a8\u81f3\u8be5\u7d22\u5f15\u5904\n                if (firstTombstone !== -1) {\n                    this.#buckets[firstTombstone] = this.#buckets[index];\n                    this.#buckets[index] = this.#TOMBSTONE;\n                    return firstTombstone; // \u8fd4\u56de\u79fb\u52a8\u540e\u7684\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\n                }\n                return index; // \u8fd4\u56de\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\n            }\n            // \u8bb0\u5f55\u9047\u5230\u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u5220\u9664\u6807\u8bb0\n            if (\n                firstTombstone === -1 &&\n                this.#buckets[index] === this.#TOMBSTONE\n            ) {\n                firstTombstone = index;\n            }\n            // \u8ba1\u7b97\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u5c3e\u90e8\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5934\u90e8\n            index = (index + 1) % this.#capacity;\n        }\n        // \u82e5 key \u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u6dfb\u52a0\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n        return firstTombstone === -1 ? index : firstTombstone;\n    }\n\n    /* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    get(key) {\n        // \u641c\u7d22 key \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\n        const index = this.#findBucket(key);\n        // \u82e5\u627e\u5230\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5bf9\u5e94 val\n        if (\n            this.#buckets[index] !== null &&\n            this.#buckets[index] !== this.#TOMBSTONE\n        ) {\n            return this.#buckets[index].val;\n        }\n        // \u82e5\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de null\n        return null;\n    }\n\n    /* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    put(key, val) {\n        // \u5f53\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u8d85\u8fc7\u9608\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u6269\u5bb9\n        if (this.#loadFactor() > this.#loadThres) {\n            this.#extend();\n        }\n        // \u641c\u7d22 key \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\n        const index = this.#findBucket(key);\n        // \u82e5\u627e\u5230\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\uff0c\u5219\u8986\u76d6 val \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\n        if (\n            this.#buckets[index] !== null &&\n            this.#buckets[index] !== this.#TOMBSTONE\n        ) {\n            this.#buckets[index].val = val;\n            return;\n        }\n        // \u82e5\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5219\u6dfb\u52a0\u8be5\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\n        this.#buckets[index] = new Pair(key, val);\n        this.#size++;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    remove(key) {\n        // \u641c\u7d22 key \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\n        const index = this.#findBucket(key);\n        // \u82e5\u627e\u5230\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\uff0c\u5219\u7528\u5220\u9664\u6807\u8bb0\u8986\u76d6\u5b83\n        if (\n            this.#buckets[index] !== null &&\n            this.#buckets[index] !== this.#TOMBSTONE\n        ) {\n            this.#buckets[index] = this.#TOMBSTONE;\n            this.#size--;\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u6269\u5bb9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\n    #extend() {\n        // \u6682\u5b58\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n        const bucketsTmp = this.#buckets;\n        // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6269\u5bb9\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n        this.#capacity *= this.#extendRatio;\n        this.#buckets = Array(this.#capacity).fill(null);\n        this.#size = 0;\n        // \u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u4ece\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u642c\u8fd0\u81f3\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n        for (const pair of bucketsTmp) {\n            if (pair !== null && pair !== this.#TOMBSTONE) {\n                this.put(pair.key, pair.val);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u6253\u5370\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\n    print() {\n        for (const pair of this.#buckets) {\n            if (pair === null) {\n                console.log('null');\n            } else if (pair === this.#TOMBSTONE) {\n                console.log('TOMBSTONE');\n            } else {\n                console.log(pair.key + ' -> ' + pair.val);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    hash_map_open_addressing.ts
    /* \u5f00\u653e\u5bfb\u5740\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nclass HashMapOpenAddressing {\n    private size: number; // \u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6570\u91cf\n    private capacity: number; // \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\n    private loadThres: number; // \u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u9608\u503c\n    private extendRatio: number; // \u6269\u5bb9\u500d\u6570\n    private buckets: Array<Pair | null>; // \u6876\u6570\u7ec4\n    private TOMBSTONE: Pair; // \u5220\u9664\u6807\u8bb0\n\n    /* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\n    constructor() {\n        this.size = 0; // \u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6570\u91cf\n        this.capacity = 4; // \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\n        this.loadThres = 2.0 / 3.0; // \u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u9608\u503c\n        this.extendRatio = 2; // \u6269\u5bb9\u500d\u6570\n        this.buckets = Array(this.capacity).fill(null); // \u6876\u6570\u7ec4\n        this.TOMBSTONE = new Pair(-1, '-1'); // \u5220\u9664\u6807\u8bb0\n    }\n\n    /* \u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570 */\n    private hashFunc(key: number): number {\n        return key % this.capacity;\n    }\n\n    /* \u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50 */\n    private loadFactor(): number {\n        return this.size / this.capacity;\n    }\n\n    /* \u641c\u7d22 key \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6876\u7d22\u5f15 */\n    private findBucket(key: number): number {\n        let index = this.hashFunc(key);\n        let firstTombstone = -1;\n        // \u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\uff0c\u5f53\u9047\u5230\u7a7a\u6876\u65f6\u8df3\u51fa\n        while (this.buckets[index] !== null) {\n            // \u82e5\u9047\u5230 key \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\n            if (this.buckets[index]!.key === key) {\n                // \u82e5\u4e4b\u524d\u9047\u5230\u4e86\u5220\u9664\u6807\u8bb0\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u79fb\u52a8\u81f3\u8be5\u7d22\u5f15\u5904\n                if (firstTombstone !== -1) {\n                    this.buckets[firstTombstone] = this.buckets[index];\n                    this.buckets[index] = this.TOMBSTONE;\n                    return firstTombstone; // \u8fd4\u56de\u79fb\u52a8\u540e\u7684\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\n                }\n                return index; // \u8fd4\u56de\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\n            }\n            // \u8bb0\u5f55\u9047\u5230\u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u5220\u9664\u6807\u8bb0\n            if (\n                firstTombstone === -1 &&\n                this.buckets[index] === this.TOMBSTONE\n            ) {\n                firstTombstone = index;\n            }\n            // \u8ba1\u7b97\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u5c3e\u90e8\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5934\u90e8\n            index = (index + 1) % this.capacity;\n        }\n        // \u82e5 key \u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u6dfb\u52a0\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n        return firstTombstone === -1 ? index : firstTombstone;\n    }\n\n    /* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    get(key: number): string | null {\n        // \u641c\u7d22 key \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\n        const index = this.findBucket(key);\n        // \u82e5\u627e\u5230\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5bf9\u5e94 val\n        if (\n            this.buckets[index] !== null &&\n            this.buckets[index] !== this.TOMBSTONE\n        ) {\n            return this.buckets[index]!.val;\n        }\n        // \u82e5\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de null\n        return null;\n    }\n\n    /* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    put(key: number, val: string): void {\n        // \u5f53\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u8d85\u8fc7\u9608\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u6269\u5bb9\n        if (this.loadFactor() > this.loadThres) {\n            this.extend();\n        }\n        // \u641c\u7d22 key \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\n        const index = this.findBucket(key);\n        // \u82e5\u627e\u5230\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\uff0c\u5219\u8986\u76d6 val \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\n        if (\n            this.buckets[index] !== null &&\n            this.buckets[index] !== this.TOMBSTONE\n        ) {\n            this.buckets[index]!.val = val;\n            return;\n        }\n        // \u82e5\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5219\u6dfb\u52a0\u8be5\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\n        this.buckets[index] = new Pair(key, val);\n        this.size++;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    remove(key: number): void {\n        // \u641c\u7d22 key \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\n        const index = this.findBucket(key);\n        // \u82e5\u627e\u5230\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\uff0c\u5219\u7528\u5220\u9664\u6807\u8bb0\u8986\u76d6\u5b83\n        if (\n            this.buckets[index] !== null &&\n            this.buckets[index] !== this.TOMBSTONE\n        ) {\n            this.buckets[index] = this.TOMBSTONE;\n            this.size--;\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u6269\u5bb9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\n    private extend(): void {\n        // \u6682\u5b58\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n        const bucketsTmp = this.buckets;\n        // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6269\u5bb9\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n        this.capacity *= this.extendRatio;\n        this.buckets = Array(this.capacity).fill(null);\n        this.size = 0;\n        // \u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u4ece\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u642c\u8fd0\u81f3\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n        for (const pair of bucketsTmp) {\n            if (pair !== null && pair !== this.TOMBSTONE) {\n                this.put(pair.key, pair.val);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u6253\u5370\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\n    print(): void {\n        for (const pair of this.buckets) {\n            if (pair === null) {\n                console.log('null');\n            } else if (pair === this.TOMBSTONE) {\n                console.log('TOMBSTONE');\n            } else {\n                console.log(pair.key + ' -> ' + pair.val);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    hash_map_open_addressing.dart
    /* \u5f00\u653e\u5bfb\u5740\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nclass HashMapOpenAddressing {\n  late int _size; // \u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6570\u91cf\n  int _capacity = 4; // \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\n  double _loadThres = 2.0 / 3.0; // \u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u9608\u503c\n  int _extendRatio = 2; // \u6269\u5bb9\u500d\u6570\n  late List<Pair?> _buckets; // \u6876\u6570\u7ec4\n  Pair _TOMBSTONE = Pair(-1, \"-1\"); // \u5220\u9664\u6807\u8bb0\n\n  /* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\n  HashMapOpenAddressing() {\n    _size = 0;\n    _buckets = List.generate(_capacity, (index) => null);\n  }\n\n  /* \u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570 */\n  int hashFunc(int key) {\n    return key % _capacity;\n  }\n\n  /* \u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50 */\n  double loadFactor() {\n    return _size / _capacity;\n  }\n\n  /* \u641c\u7d22 key \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6876\u7d22\u5f15 */\n  int findBucket(int key) {\n    int index = hashFunc(key);\n    int firstTombstone = -1;\n    // \u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\uff0c\u5f53\u9047\u5230\u7a7a\u6876\u65f6\u8df3\u51fa\n    while (_buckets[index] != null) {\n      // \u82e5\u9047\u5230 key \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\n      if (_buckets[index]!.key == key) {\n        // \u82e5\u4e4b\u524d\u9047\u5230\u4e86\u5220\u9664\u6807\u8bb0\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u79fb\u52a8\u81f3\u8be5\u7d22\u5f15\u5904\n        if (firstTombstone != -1) {\n          _buckets[firstTombstone] = _buckets[index];\n          _buckets[index] = _TOMBSTONE;\n          return firstTombstone; // \u8fd4\u56de\u79fb\u52a8\u540e\u7684\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\n        }\n        return index; // \u8fd4\u56de\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\n      }\n      // \u8bb0\u5f55\u9047\u5230\u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u5220\u9664\u6807\u8bb0\n      if (firstTombstone == -1 && _buckets[index] == _TOMBSTONE) {\n        firstTombstone = index;\n      }\n      // \u8ba1\u7b97\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u5c3e\u90e8\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5934\u90e8\n      index = (index + 1) % _capacity;\n    }\n    // \u82e5 key \u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u6dfb\u52a0\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n    return firstTombstone == -1 ? index : firstTombstone;\n  }\n\n  /* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\n  String? get(int key) {\n    // \u641c\u7d22 key \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\n    int index = findBucket(key);\n    // \u82e5\u627e\u5230\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5bf9\u5e94 val\n    if (_buckets[index] != null && _buckets[index] != _TOMBSTONE) {\n      return _buckets[index]!.val;\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de null\n    return null;\n  }\n\n  /* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\n  void put(int key, String val) {\n    // \u5f53\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u8d85\u8fc7\u9608\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u6269\u5bb9\n    if (loadFactor() > _loadThres) {\n      extend();\n    }\n    // \u641c\u7d22 key \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\n    int index = findBucket(key);\n    // \u82e5\u627e\u5230\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\uff0c\u5219\u8986\u76d6 val \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\n    if (_buckets[index] != null && _buckets[index] != _TOMBSTONE) {\n      _buckets[index]!.val = val;\n      return;\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5219\u6dfb\u52a0\u8be5\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\n    _buckets[index] = new Pair(key, val);\n    _size++;\n  }\n\n  /* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\n  void remove(int key) {\n    // \u641c\u7d22 key \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\n    int index = findBucket(key);\n    // \u82e5\u627e\u5230\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\uff0c\u5219\u7528\u5220\u9664\u6807\u8bb0\u8986\u76d6\u5b83\n    if (_buckets[index] != null && _buckets[index] != _TOMBSTONE) {\n      _buckets[index] = _TOMBSTONE;\n      _size--;\n    }\n  }\n\n  /* \u6269\u5bb9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\n  void extend() {\n    // \u6682\u5b58\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n    List<Pair?> bucketsTmp = _buckets;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6269\u5bb9\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n    _capacity *= _extendRatio;\n    _buckets = List.generate(_capacity, (index) => null);\n    _size = 0;\n    // \u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u4ece\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u642c\u8fd0\u81f3\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n    for (Pair? pair in bucketsTmp) {\n      if (pair != null && pair != _TOMBSTONE) {\n        put(pair.key, pair.val);\n      }\n    }\n  }\n\n  /* \u6253\u5370\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\n  void printHashMap() {\n    for (Pair? pair in _buckets) {\n      if (pair == null) {\n        print(\"null\");\n      } else if (pair == _TOMBSTONE) {\n        print(\"TOMBSTONE\");\n      } else {\n        print(\"${pair.key} -> ${pair.val}\");\n      }\n    }\n  }\n}\n
    hash_map_open_addressing.rs
    /* \u5f00\u653e\u5bfb\u5740\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nstruct HashMapOpenAddressing {\n    size: usize,                    // \u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6570\u91cf\n    capacity: usize,                // \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\n    load_thres: f64,                // \u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u9608\u503c\n    extend_ratio: usize,            // \u6269\u5bb9\u500d\u6570\n    buckets: Vec<Option<Pair>>,     // \u6876\u6570\u7ec4\n    TOMBSTONE: Option<Pair>,        // \u5220\u9664\u6807\u8bb0\n}\n\n\nimpl HashMapOpenAddressing {\n    /* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\n    fn new() -> Self {\n        Self {\n            size: 0,\n            capacity: 4,\n            load_thres: 2.0 / 3.0,\n            extend_ratio: 2,\n            buckets: vec![None; 4],\n            TOMBSTONE: Some(Pair {key: -1, val: \"-1\".to_string()}),\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570 */\n    fn hash_func(&self, key: i32) -> usize {\n        (key % self.capacity as i32) as usize\n    }\n\n    /* \u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50 */\n    fn load_factor(&self) -> f64 {\n        self.size as f64 / self.capacity as f64\n    }\n\n    /* \u641c\u7d22 key \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6876\u7d22\u5f15 */\n    fn find_bucket(&mut self, key: i32) -> usize {\n        let mut index = self.hash_func(key);\n        let mut first_tombstone = -1;\n        // \u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\uff0c\u5f53\u9047\u5230\u7a7a\u6876\u65f6\u8df3\u51fa\n        while self.buckets[index].is_some() {\n            // \u82e5\u9047\u5230 key\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\n            if self.buckets[index].as_ref().unwrap().key == key {\n                // \u82e5\u4e4b\u524d\u9047\u5230\u4e86\u5220\u9664\u6807\u8bb0\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5efa\u503c\u5bf9\u79fb\u52a8\u81f3\u8be5\u7d22\u5f15\n                if first_tombstone != -1 {\n                    self.buckets[first_tombstone as usize] = self.buckets[index].take();\n                    self.buckets[index] = self.TOMBSTONE.clone();\n                    return first_tombstone as usize;    // \u8fd4\u56de\u79fb\u52a8\u540e\u7684\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\n                }\n                return index;   // \u8fd4\u56de\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\n            }\n            // \u8bb0\u5f55\u9047\u5230\u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u5220\u9664\u6807\u8bb0\n            if first_tombstone == -1 && self.buckets[index] == self.TOMBSTONE {\n                first_tombstone = index as i32;\n            }\n            // \u8ba1\u7b97\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u5c3e\u90e8\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5934\u90e8\n            index = (index + 1) % self.capacity;\n        }\n        // \u82e5 key \u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u6dfb\u52a0\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n        if first_tombstone == -1 { index } else { first_tombstone as usize }\n    }\n\n    /* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    fn get(&mut self, key: i32) -> Option<&str> {\n        // \u641c\u7d22 key \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\n        let index = self.find_bucket(key);\n        // \u82e5\u627e\u5230\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5bf9\u5e94 val\n        if self.buckets[index].is_some() && self.buckets[index] != self.TOMBSTONE {\n            return self.buckets[index].as_ref().map(|pair| &pair.val as &str);\n        }\n        // \u82e5\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de null\n        None\n    }\n\n    /* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    fn put(&mut self, key: i32, val: String) {\n        // \u5f53\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u8d85\u8fc7\u9608\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u6269\u5bb9\n        if self.load_factor() > self.load_thres {\n            self.extend();\n        }\n        // \u641c\u7d22 key \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\n        let index = self.find_bucket(key);\n        // \u82e5\u627e\u5230\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\uff0c\u5219\u8986\u76d6 val \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\n        if self.buckets[index].is_some() && self.buckets[index] != self.TOMBSTONE {\n            self.buckets[index].as_mut().unwrap().val = val;\n            return;\n        }\n        // \u82e5\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5219\u6dfb\u52a0\u8be5\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\n        self.buckets[index] = Some(Pair { key, val });\n        self.size += 1;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    fn remove(&mut self, key: i32) {\n        // \u641c\u7d22 key \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\n        let index = self.find_bucket(key);\n        // \u82e5\u627e\u5230\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\uff0c\u5219\u7528\u5220\u9664\u6807\u8bb0\u8986\u76d6\u5b83\n        if self.buckets[index].is_some() && self.buckets[index] != self.TOMBSTONE {\n            self.buckets[index] = self.TOMBSTONE.clone();\n            self.size -= 1;\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u6269\u5bb9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\n    fn extend(&mut self) {\n        // \u6682\u5b58\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n        let buckets_tmp = self.buckets.clone();\n        // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6269\u5bb9\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n        self.capacity *= self.extend_ratio;\n        self.buckets = vec![None; self.capacity];\n        self.size = 0;\n\n        // \u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u4ece\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u642c\u8fd0\u81f3\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n        for pair in buckets_tmp {\n            if pair.is_none() || pair == self.TOMBSTONE {\n                continue;\n            }\n            let pair = pair.unwrap();\n\n            self.put(pair.key, pair.val);\n        }\n    }\n    /* \u6253\u5370\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\n    fn print(&self) {\n        for pair in &self.buckets {\n            if pair.is_none() {\n                println!(\"null\");\n            } else if pair == &self.TOMBSTONE {\n                println!(\"TOMBSTONE\");\n            } else {\n                let pair = pair.as_ref().unwrap();\n                println!(\"{} -> {}\", pair.key, pair.val);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    hash_map_open_addressing.c
    /* \u5f00\u653e\u5bfb\u5740\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\ntypedef struct {\n    int size;         // \u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6570\u91cf\n    int capacity;     // \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\n    double loadThres; // \u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u9608\u503c\n    int extendRatio;  // \u6269\u5bb9\u500d\u6570\n    Pair **buckets;   // \u6876\u6570\u7ec4\n    Pair *TOMBSTONE;  // \u5220\u9664\u6807\u8bb0\n} HashMapOpenAddressing;\n\n/* \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570 */\nHashMapOpenAddressing *newHashMapOpenAddressing() {\n    HashMapOpenAddressing *hashMap = (HashMapOpenAddressing *)malloc(sizeof(HashMapOpenAddressing));\n    hashMap->size = 0;\n    hashMap->capacity = 4;\n    hashMap->loadThres = 2.0 / 3.0;\n    hashMap->extendRatio = 2;\n    hashMap->buckets = (Pair **)malloc(sizeof(Pair *) * hashMap->capacity);\n    hashMap->TOMBSTONE = (Pair *)malloc(sizeof(Pair));\n    hashMap->TOMBSTONE->key = -1;\n    hashMap->TOMBSTONE->val = \"-1\";\n\n    return hashMap;\n}\n\n/* \u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570 */\nvoid delHashMapOpenAddressing(HashMapOpenAddressing *hashMap) {\n    for (int i = 0; i < hashMap->capacity; i++) {\n        Pair *pair = hashMap->buckets[i];\n        if (pair != NULL && pair != hashMap->TOMBSTONE) {\n            free(pair->val);\n            free(pair);\n        }\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570 */\nint hashFunc(HashMapOpenAddressing *hashMap, int key) {\n    return key % hashMap->capacity;\n}\n\n/* \u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50 */\ndouble loadFactor(HashMapOpenAddressing *hashMap) {\n    return (double)hashMap->size / (double)hashMap->capacity;\n}\n\n/* \u641c\u7d22 key \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6876\u7d22\u5f15 */\nint findBucket(HashMapOpenAddressing *hashMap, int key) {\n    int index = hashFunc(hashMap, key);\n    int firstTombstone = -1;\n    // \u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\uff0c\u5f53\u9047\u5230\u7a7a\u6876\u65f6\u8df3\u51fa\n    while (hashMap->buckets[index] != NULL) {\n        // \u82e5\u9047\u5230 key \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\n        if (hashMap->buckets[index]->key == key) {\n            // \u82e5\u4e4b\u524d\u9047\u5230\u4e86\u5220\u9664\u6807\u8bb0\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u79fb\u52a8\u81f3\u8be5\u7d22\u5f15\u5904\n            if (firstTombstone != -1) {\n                hashMap->buckets[firstTombstone] = hashMap->buckets[index];\n                hashMap->buckets[index] = hashMap->TOMBSTONE;\n                return firstTombstone; // \u8fd4\u56de\u79fb\u52a8\u540e\u7684\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\n            }\n            return index; // \u8fd4\u56de\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\n        }\n        // \u8bb0\u5f55\u9047\u5230\u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u5220\u9664\u6807\u8bb0\n        if (firstTombstone == -1 && hashMap->buckets[index] == hashMap->TOMBSTONE) {\n            firstTombstone = index;\n        }\n        // \u8ba1\u7b97\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u5c3e\u90e8\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5934\u90e8\n        index = (index + 1) % hashMap->capacity;\n    }\n    // \u82e5 key \u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u6dfb\u52a0\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n    return firstTombstone == -1 ? index : firstTombstone;\n}\n\n/* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\nchar *get(HashMapOpenAddressing *hashMap, int key) {\n    // \u641c\u7d22 key \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\n    int index = findBucket(hashMap, key);\n    // \u82e5\u627e\u5230\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5bf9\u5e94 val\n    if (hashMap->buckets[index] != NULL && hashMap->buckets[index] != hashMap->TOMBSTONE) {\n        return hashMap->buckets[index]->val;\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\n    return \"\";\n}\n\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\nvoid put(HashMapOpenAddressing *hashMap, int key, char *val) {\n    // \u5f53\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u8d85\u8fc7\u9608\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u6269\u5bb9\n    if (loadFactor(hashMap) > hashMap->loadThres) {\n        extend(hashMap);\n    }\n    // \u641c\u7d22 key \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\n    int index = findBucket(hashMap, key);\n    // \u82e5\u627e\u5230\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\uff0c\u5219\u8986\u76d6 val \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\n    if (hashMap->buckets[index] != NULL && hashMap->buckets[index] != hashMap->TOMBSTONE) {\n        free(hashMap->buckets[index]->val);\n        hashMap->buckets[index]->val = (char *)malloc(sizeof(strlen(val + 1)));\n        strcpy(hashMap->buckets[index]->val, val);\n        hashMap->buckets[index]->val[strlen(val)] = '\\0';\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5219\u6dfb\u52a0\u8be5\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\n    Pair *pair = (Pair *)malloc(sizeof(Pair));\n    pair->key = key;\n    pair->val = (char *)malloc(sizeof(strlen(val + 1)));\n    strcpy(pair->val, val);\n    pair->val[strlen(val)] = '\\0';\n\n    hashMap->buckets[index] = pair;\n    hashMap->size++;\n}\n\n/* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\nvoid removeItem(HashMapOpenAddressing *hashMap, int key) {\n    // \u641c\u7d22 key \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\n    int index = findBucket(hashMap, key);\n    // \u82e5\u627e\u5230\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\uff0c\u5219\u7528\u5220\u9664\u6807\u8bb0\u8986\u76d6\u5b83\n    if (hashMap->buckets[index] != NULL && hashMap->buckets[index] != hashMap->TOMBSTONE) {\n        Pair *pair = hashMap->buckets[index];\n        free(pair->val);\n        free(pair);\n        hashMap->buckets[index] = hashMap->TOMBSTONE;\n        hashMap->size--;\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u6269\u5bb9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nvoid extend(HashMapOpenAddressing *hashMap) {\n    // \u6682\u5b58\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n    Pair **bucketsTmp = hashMap->buckets;\n    int oldCapacity = hashMap->capacity;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6269\u5bb9\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n    hashMap->capacity *= hashMap->extendRatio;\n    hashMap->buckets = (Pair **)malloc(sizeof(Pair *) * hashMap->capacity);\n    hashMap->size = 0;\n    // \u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u4ece\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u642c\u8fd0\u81f3\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n    for (int i = 0; i < oldCapacity; i++) {\n        Pair *pair = bucketsTmp[i];\n        if (pair != NULL && pair != hashMap->TOMBSTONE) {\n            put(hashMap, pair->key, pair->val);\n            free(pair->val);\n            free(pair);\n        }\n    }\n    free(bucketsTmp);\n}\n\n/* \u6253\u5370\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nvoid print(HashMapOpenAddressing *hashMap) {\n    for (int i = 0; i < hashMap->capacity; i++) {\n        Pair *pair = hashMap->buckets[i];\n        if (pair == NULL) {\n            printf(\"NULL\\n\");\n        } else if (pair == hashMap->TOMBSTONE) {\n            printf(\"TOMBSTONE\\n\");\n        } else {\n            printf(\"%d -> %s\\n\", pair->key, pair->val);\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    hash_map_open_addressing.zig
    [class]{HashMapOpenAddressing}-[func]{}\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_hashing/hash_collision/#2","title":"2. \u00a0 \u5e73\u65b9\u63a2\u6d4b","text":"

    \u5e73\u65b9\u63a2\u6d4b\u4e0e\u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u5f00\u653e\u5bfb\u5740\u7684\u5e38\u89c1\u7b56\u7565\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u5f53\u53d1\u751f\u51b2\u7a81\u65f6\uff0c\u5e73\u65b9\u63a2\u6d4b\u4e0d\u662f\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u8df3\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u6b65\u6570\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8df3\u8fc7\u201c\u63a2\u6d4b\u6b21\u6570\u7684\u5e73\u65b9\u201d\u7684\u6b65\u6570\uff0c\u5373 \\(1, 4, 9, \\dots\\) \u6b65\u3002

    \u5e73\u65b9\u63a2\u6d4b\u4e3b\u8981\u5177\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4f18\u52bf\u3002

    • \u5e73\u65b9\u63a2\u6d4b\u901a\u8fc7\u8df3\u8fc7\u63a2\u6d4b\u6b21\u6570\u5e73\u65b9\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u7f13\u89e3\u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\u7684\u805a\u96c6\u6548\u5e94\u3002
    • \u5e73\u65b9\u63a2\u6d4b\u4f1a\u8df3\u8fc7\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\u6765\u5bfb\u627e\u7a7a\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u5206\u5e03\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u5747\u5300\u3002

    \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5e73\u65b9\u63a2\u6d4b\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7684\u3002

    • \u4ecd\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u805a\u96c6\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u5373\u67d0\u4e9b\u4f4d\u7f6e\u6bd4\u5176\u4ed6\u4f4d\u7f6e\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u5360\u7528\u3002
    • \u7531\u4e8e\u5e73\u65b9\u7684\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u5e73\u65b9\u63a2\u6d4b\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u63a2\u6d4b\u6574\u4e2a\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5373\u4f7f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u6709\u7a7a\u6876\uff0c\u5e73\u65b9\u63a2\u6d4b\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u8bbf\u95ee\u5230\u5b83\u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_hashing/hash_collision/#3","title":"3. \u00a0 \u591a\u6b21\u54c8\u5e0c","text":"

    \u987e\u540d\u601d\u4e49\uff0c\u591a\u6b21\u54c8\u5e0c\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u4e2a\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570 \\(f_1(x)\\)\u3001\\(f_2(x)\\)\u3001\\(f_3(x)\\)\u3001\\(\\dots\\) \u8fdb\u884c\u63a2\u6d4b\u3002

    • \u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20\uff1a\u82e5\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570 \\(f_1(x)\\) \u51fa\u73b0\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u5219\u5c1d\u8bd5 \\(f_2(x)\\) \uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u7c7b\u63a8\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u627e\u5230\u7a7a\u4f4d\u540e\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20\u3002
    • \u67e5\u627e\u5143\u7d20\uff1a\u5728\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u987a\u5e8f\u4e0b\u8fdb\u884c\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\u65f6\u8fd4\u56de\uff1b\u82e5\u9047\u5230\u7a7a\u4f4d\u6216\u5df2\u5c1d\u8bd5\u6240\u6709\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u8be5\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de None \u3002

    \u4e0e\u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u591a\u6b21\u54c8\u5e0c\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0d\u6613\u4ea7\u751f\u805a\u96c6\uff0c\u4f46\u591a\u4e2a\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u4f1a\u5e26\u6765\u989d\u5916\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u91cf\u3002

    Tip

    \u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u5f00\u653e\u5bfb\u5740\uff08\u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\u3001\u5e73\u65b9\u63a2\u6d4b\u548c\u591a\u6b21\u54c8\u5e0c\uff09\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u90fd\u5b58\u5728\u201c\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20\u201d\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_hashing/hash_collision/#623","title":"6.2.3 \u00a0 \u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u9009\u62e9","text":"

    \u5404\u79cd\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u91c7\u53d6\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\u4e3e\u51e0\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002

    • Python \u91c7\u7528\u5f00\u653e\u5bfb\u5740\u3002\u5b57\u5178 dict \u4f7f\u7528\u4f2a\u968f\u673a\u6570\u8fdb\u884c\u63a2\u6d4b\u3002
    • Java \u91c7\u7528\u94fe\u5f0f\u5730\u5740\u3002\u81ea JDK 1.8 \u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u5f53 HashMap \u5185\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u8fbe\u5230 64 \u4e14\u94fe\u8868\u957f\u5ea6\u8fbe\u5230 8 \u65f6\uff0c\u94fe\u8868\u4f1a\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u7ea2\u9ed1\u6811\u4ee5\u63d0\u5347\u67e5\u627e\u6027\u80fd\u3002
    • Go \u91c7\u7528\u94fe\u5f0f\u5730\u5740\u3002Go \u89c4\u5b9a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6876\u6700\u591a\u5b58\u50a8 8 \u4e2a\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\uff0c\u8d85\u51fa\u5bb9\u91cf\u5219\u8fde\u63a5\u4e00\u4e2a\u6ea2\u51fa\u6876\uff1b\u5f53\u6ea2\u51fa\u6876\u8fc7\u591a\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u6b21\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u7b49\u91cf\u6269\u5bb9\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u6027\u80fd\u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_hashing/hash_map/","title":"6.1 \u00a0 \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868","text":"

    \u300c\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 hash table\u300d\uff0c\u53c8\u79f0\u300c\u6563\u5217\u8868\u300d\uff0c\u5b83\u901a\u8fc7\u5efa\u7acb\u952e key \u4e0e\u503c value \u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6620\u5c04\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u67e5\u8be2\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5411\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u8f93\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u952e key \uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728 \\(O(1)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u83b7\u53d6\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u503c value \u3002

    \u5982\u56fe 6-1 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u7ed9\u5b9a \\(n\\) \u4e2a\u5b66\u751f\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b66\u751f\u90fd\u6709\u201c\u59d3\u540d\u201d\u548c\u201c\u5b66\u53f7\u201d\u4e24\u9879\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5047\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u5b9e\u73b0\u201c\u8f93\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b66\u53f7\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u59d3\u540d\u201d\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u91c7\u7528\u56fe 6-1 \u6240\u793a\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002

    \u56fe 6-1 \u00a0 \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u8868\u793a

    \u9664\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5916\uff0c\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u94fe\u8868\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u67e5\u8be2\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u6548\u7387\u5bf9\u6bd4\u5982\u8868 6-1 \u6240\u793a\u3002

    • \u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20\uff1a\u4ec5\u9700\u5c06\u5143\u7d20\u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u6570\u7ec4\uff08\u94fe\u8868\uff09\u7684\u5c3e\u90e8\u5373\u53ef\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(1)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u3002
    • \u67e5\u8be2\u5143\u7d20\uff1a\u7531\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\uff08\u94fe\u8868\uff09\u662f\u4e71\u5e8f\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u904d\u5386\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(n)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u3002
    • \u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20\uff1a\u9700\u8981\u5148\u67e5\u8be2\u5230\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u518d\u4ece\u6570\u7ec4\uff08\u94fe\u8868\uff09\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(n)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u3002

    \u8868 6-1 \u00a0 \u5143\u7d20\u67e5\u8be2\u6548\u7387\u5bf9\u6bd4

    \u6570\u7ec4 \u94fe\u8868 \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 \u67e5\u627e\u5143\u7d20 \\(O(n)\\) \\(O(n)\\) \\(O(1)\\) \u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20 \\(O(1)\\) \\(O(1)\\) \\(O(1)\\) \u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20 \\(O(n)\\) \\(O(n)\\) \\(O(1)\\)

    \u89c2\u5bdf\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5728\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u589e\u5220\u67e5\u6539\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u90fd\u662f \\(O(1)\\) \uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u9ad8\u6548\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_hashing/hash_map/#611","title":"6.1.1 \u00a0 \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5e38\u7528\u64cd\u4f5c","text":"

    \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u7684\u5e38\u89c1\u64cd\u4f5c\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u3001\u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c\u3001\u6dfb\u52a0\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u548c\u5220\u9664\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u7b49\uff0c\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig hash_map.py
    # \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\nhmap: dict = {}\n\n# \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c\n# \u5728\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 (key, value)\nhmap[12836] = \"\u5c0f\u54c8\"\nhmap[15937] = \"\u5c0f\u5570\"\nhmap[16750] = \"\u5c0f\u7b97\"\nhmap[13276] = \"\u5c0f\u6cd5\"\nhmap[10583] = \"\u5c0f\u9e2d\"\n\n# \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c\n# \u5411\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u8f93\u5165\u952e key \uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u503c value\nname: str = hmap[15937]\n\n# \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c\n# \u5728\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 (key, value)\nhmap.pop(10583)\n
    hash_map.cpp
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nunordered_map<int, string> map;\n\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\n// \u5728\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 (key, value)\nmap[12836] = \"\u5c0f\u54c8\";\nmap[15937] = \"\u5c0f\u5570\";\nmap[16750] = \"\u5c0f\u7b97\";\nmap[13276] = \"\u5c0f\u6cd5\";\nmap[10583] = \"\u5c0f\u9e2d\";\n\n/* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\n// \u5411\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u8f93\u5165\u952e key \uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u503c value\nstring name = map[15937];\n\n/* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\n// \u5728\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 (key, value)\nmap.erase(10583);\n
    hash_map.java
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nMap<Integer, String> map = new HashMap<>();\n\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\n// \u5728\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 (key, value)\nmap.put(12836, \"\u5c0f\u54c8\");   \nmap.put(15937, \"\u5c0f\u5570\");   \nmap.put(16750, \"\u5c0f\u7b97\");   \nmap.put(13276, \"\u5c0f\u6cd5\");\nmap.put(10583, \"\u5c0f\u9e2d\");\n\n/* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\n// \u5411\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u8f93\u5165\u952e key \uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u503c value\nString name = map.get(15937);\n\n/* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\n// \u5728\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 (key, value)\nmap.remove(10583);\n
    hash_map.cs
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nDictionary<int, string> map = new() {\n    /* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    // \u5728\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 (key, value)\n    { 12836, \"\u5c0f\u54c8\" },\n    { 15937, \"\u5c0f\u5570\" },\n    { 16750, \"\u5c0f\u7b97\" },\n    { 13276, \"\u5c0f\u6cd5\" },\n    { 10583, \"\u5c0f\u9e2d\" }\n};\n\n/* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\n// \u5411\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u8f93\u5165\u952e key \uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u503c value\nstring name = map[15937];\n\n/* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\n// \u5728\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 (key, value)\nmap.Remove(10583);\n
    hash_map_test.go
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nhmap := make(map[int]string)\n\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\n// \u5728\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 (key, value)\nhmap[12836] = \"\u5c0f\u54c8\"\nhmap[15937] = \"\u5c0f\u5570\"\nhmap[16750] = \"\u5c0f\u7b97\"\nhmap[13276] = \"\u5c0f\u6cd5\"\nhmap[10583] = \"\u5c0f\u9e2d\"\n\n/* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\n// \u5411\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u8f93\u5165\u952e key \uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u503c value\nname := hmap[15937]\n\n/* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\n// \u5728\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 (key, value)\ndelete(hmap, 10583)\n
    hash_map.swift
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nvar map: [Int: String] = [:]\n\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\n// \u5728\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 (key, value)\nmap[12836] = \"\u5c0f\u54c8\"\nmap[15937] = \"\u5c0f\u5570\"\nmap[16750] = \"\u5c0f\u7b97\"\nmap[13276] = \"\u5c0f\u6cd5\"\nmap[10583] = \"\u5c0f\u9e2d\"\n\n/* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\n// \u5411\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u8f93\u5165\u952e key \uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u503c value\nlet name = map[15937]!\n\n/* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\n// \u5728\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 (key, value)\nmap.removeValue(forKey: 10583)\n
    hash_map.js
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nconst map = new Map();\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\n// \u5728\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 (key, value)\nmap.set(12836, '\u5c0f\u54c8');\nmap.set(15937, '\u5c0f\u5570');\nmap.set(16750, '\u5c0f\u7b97');\nmap.set(13276, '\u5c0f\u6cd5');\nmap.set(10583, '\u5c0f\u9e2d');\n\n/* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\n// \u5411\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u8f93\u5165\u952e key \uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u503c value\nlet name = map.get(15937);\n\n/* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\n// \u5728\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 (key, value)\nmap.delete(10583);\n
    hash_map.ts
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nconst map = new Map<number, string>();\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\n// \u5728\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 (key, value)\nmap.set(12836, '\u5c0f\u54c8');\nmap.set(15937, '\u5c0f\u5570');\nmap.set(16750, '\u5c0f\u7b97');\nmap.set(13276, '\u5c0f\u6cd5');\nmap.set(10583, '\u5c0f\u9e2d');\nconsole.info('\\n\u6dfb\u52a0\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e3a\\nKey -> Value');\nconsole.info(map);\n\n/* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\n// \u5411\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u8f93\u5165\u952e key \uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u503c value\nlet name = map.get(15937);\nconsole.info('\\n\u8f93\u5165\u5b66\u53f7 15937 \uff0c\u67e5\u8be2\u5230\u59d3\u540d ' + name);\n\n/* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\n// \u5728\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 (key, value)\nmap.delete(10583);\nconsole.info('\\n\u5220\u9664 10583 \u540e\uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e3a\\nKey -> Value');\nconsole.info(map);\n
    hash_map.dart
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nMap<int, String> map = {};\n\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\n// \u5728\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 (key, value)\nmap[12836] = \"\u5c0f\u54c8\";\nmap[15937] = \"\u5c0f\u5570\";\nmap[16750] = \"\u5c0f\u7b97\";\nmap[13276] = \"\u5c0f\u6cd5\";\nmap[10583] = \"\u5c0f\u9e2d\";\n\n/* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\n// \u5411\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u8f93\u5165\u952e key \uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u503c value\nString name = map[15937];\n\n/* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\n// \u5728\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 (key, value)\nmap.remove(10583);\n
    hash_map.rs
    use std::collections::HashMap;\n\n/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nlet mut map: HashMap<i32, String> = HashMap::new();\n\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\n// \u5728\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 (key, value)\nmap.insert(12836, \"\u5c0f\u54c8\".to_string());\nmap.insert(15937, \"\u5c0f\u5570\".to_string());\nmap.insert(16750, \"\u5c0f\u7b97\".to_string());\nmap.insert(13279, \"\u5c0f\u6cd5\".to_string());\nmap.insert(10583, \"\u5c0f\u9e2d\".to_string());\n\n/* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\n// \u5411\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u8f93\u5165\u952e key \uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u503c value\nlet _name: Option<&String> = map.get(&15937);\n\n/* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\n// \u5728\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 (key, value)\nlet _removed_value: Option<String> = map.remove(&10583);\n
    hash_map.c
    // C \u672a\u63d0\u4f9b\u5185\u7f6e\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n
    hash_map.zig
    \n

    \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u6709\u4e09\u79cd\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u904d\u5386\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a\u904d\u5386\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u3001\u904d\u5386\u952e\u548c\u904d\u5386\u503c\u3002\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig hash_map.py
    # \u904d\u5386\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n# \u904d\u5386\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 key->value\nfor key, value in hmap.items():\n    print(key, \"->\", value)\n# \u5355\u72ec\u904d\u5386\u952e key\nfor key in hmap.keys():\n    print(key)\n# \u5355\u72ec\u904d\u5386\u503c value\nfor value in hmap.values():\n    print(value)\n
    hash_map.cpp
    /* \u904d\u5386\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\n// \u904d\u5386\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 key->value\nfor (auto kv: map) {\n    cout << kv.first << \" -> \" << kv.second << endl;\n}\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u8fed\u4ee3\u5668\u904d\u5386 key->value\nfor (auto iter = map.begin(); iter != map.end(); iter++) {\n    cout << iter->first << \"->\" << iter->second << endl;\n}\n
    hash_map.java
    /* \u904d\u5386\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\n// \u904d\u5386\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 key->value\nfor (Map.Entry <Integer, String> kv: map.entrySet()) {\n    System.out.println(kv.getKey() + \" -> \" + kv.getValue());\n}\n// \u5355\u72ec\u904d\u5386\u952e key\nfor (int key: map.keySet()) {\n    System.out.println(key);\n}\n// \u5355\u72ec\u904d\u5386\u503c value\nfor (String val: map.values()) {\n    System.out.println(val);\n}\n
    hash_map.cs
    /* \u904d\u5386\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\n// \u904d\u5386\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 Key->Value\nforeach (var kv in map) {\n    Console.WriteLine(kv.Key + \" -> \" + kv.Value);\n}\n// \u5355\u72ec\u904d\u5386\u952e key\nforeach (int key in map.Keys) {\n    Console.WriteLine(key);\n}\n// \u5355\u72ec\u904d\u5386\u503c value\nforeach (string val in map.Values) {\n    Console.WriteLine(val);\n}\n
    hash_map_test.go
    /* \u904d\u5386\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\n// \u904d\u5386\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 key->value\nfor key, value := range hmap {\n    fmt.Println(key, \"->\", value)\n}\n// \u5355\u72ec\u904d\u5386\u952e key\nfor key := range hmap {\n    fmt.Println(key)\n}\n// \u5355\u72ec\u904d\u5386\u503c value\nfor _, value := range hmap {\n    fmt.Println(value)\n}\n
    hash_map.swift
    /* \u904d\u5386\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\n// \u904d\u5386\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 Key->Value\nfor (key, value) in map {\n    print(\"\\(key) -> \\(value)\")\n}\n// \u5355\u72ec\u904d\u5386\u952e Key\nfor key in map.keys {\n    print(key)\n}\n// \u5355\u72ec\u904d\u5386\u503c Value\nfor value in map.values {\n    print(value)\n}\n
    hash_map.js
    /* \u904d\u5386\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nconsole.info('\\n\u904d\u5386\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 Key->Value');\nfor (const [k, v] of map.entries()) {\n    console.info(k + ' -> ' + v);\n}\nconsole.info('\\n\u5355\u72ec\u904d\u5386\u952e Key');\nfor (const k of map.keys()) {\n    console.info(k);\n}\nconsole.info('\\n\u5355\u72ec\u904d\u5386\u503c Value');\nfor (const v of map.values()) {\n    console.info(v);\n}\n
    hash_map.ts
    /* \u904d\u5386\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nconsole.info('\\n\u904d\u5386\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 Key->Value');\nfor (const [k, v] of map.entries()) {\n    console.info(k + ' -> ' + v);\n}\nconsole.info('\\n\u5355\u72ec\u904d\u5386\u952e Key');\nfor (const k of map.keys()) {\n    console.info(k);\n}\nconsole.info('\\n\u5355\u72ec\u904d\u5386\u503c Value');\nfor (const v of map.values()) {\n    console.info(v);\n}\n
    hash_map.dart
    /* \u904d\u5386\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\n// \u904d\u5386\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 Key->Value\nmap.forEach((key, value) {\n  print('$key -> $value');\n});\n\n// \u5355\u72ec\u904d\u5386\u952e Key\nmap.keys.forEach((key) {\n  print(key);\n});\n\n// \u5355\u72ec\u904d\u5386\u503c Value\nmap.values.forEach((value) {\n  print(value);\n});\n
    hash_map.rs
    /* \u904d\u5386\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\n// \u904d\u5386\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 Key->Value\nfor (key, value) in &map {\n    println!(\"{key} -> {value}\");\n}\n\n// \u5355\u72ec\u904d\u5386\u952e Key\nfor key in map.keys() {\n    println!(\"{key}\"); \n}\n\n// \u5355\u72ec\u904d\u5386\u503c Value\nfor value in map.values() {\n    println!(\"{value}\");\n}\n
    hash_map.c
    // C \u672a\u63d0\u4f9b\u5185\u7f6e\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n
    hash_map.zig
    \n
    "},{"location":"chapter_hashing/hash_map/#612","title":"6.1.2 \u00a0 \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u7b80\u5355\u5b9e\u73b0","text":"

    \u6211\u4eec\u5148\u8003\u8651\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u4ec5\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u3002\u5728\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7a7a\u4f4d\u79f0\u4e3a\u300c\u6876 bucket\u300d\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6876\u53ef\u5b58\u50a8\u4e00\u4e2a\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c\u5c31\u662f\u627e\u5230 key \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6876\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u6876\u4e2d\u83b7\u53d6 value \u3002

    \u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u57fa\u4e8e key \u5b9a\u4f4d\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6876\u5462\uff1f\u8fd9\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u300c\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570 hash function\u300d\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u3002\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u7a7a\u95f4\u6620\u5c04\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u5728\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\uff0c\u8f93\u5165\u7a7a\u95f4\u662f\u6240\u6709 key \uff0c\u8f93\u51fa\u7a7a\u95f4\u662f\u6240\u6709\u6876\uff08\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15\uff09\u3002\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u8f93\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a key \uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u5f97\u5230\u8be5 key \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002

    \u8f93\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a key \uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5206\u4e3a\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e24\u6b65\u3002

    1. \u901a\u8fc7\u67d0\u79cd\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5 hash() \u8ba1\u7b97\u5f97\u5230\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u3002
    2. \u5c06\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u5bf9\u6876\u6570\u91cf\uff08\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\uff09capacity \u53d6\u6a21\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u83b7\u53d6\u8be5 key \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15 index \u3002
    index = hash(key) % capacity\n

    \u968f\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528 index \u5728\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u8bbf\u95ee\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6876\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u83b7\u53d6 value \u3002

    \u8bbe\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6 capacity = 100\u3001\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5 hash(key) = key \uff0c\u6613\u5f97\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u4e3a key % 100 \u3002\u56fe 6-2 \u4ee5 key \u5b66\u53f7\u548c value \u59d3\u540d\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u3002

    \u56fe 6-2 \u00a0 \u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406

    \u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06 key \u548c value \u5c01\u88c5\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b Pair \uff0c\u4ee5\u8868\u793a\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u3002

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig array_hash_map.py
    class Pair:\n    \"\"\"\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\"\"\"\n\n    def __init__(self, key: int, val: str):\n        self.key = key\n        self.val = val\n\nclass ArrayHashMap:\n    \"\"\"\u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\"\"\"\n\n    def __init__(self):\n        \"\"\"\u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5\"\"\"\n        # \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5305\u542b 100 \u4e2a\u6876\n        self.buckets: list[Pair | None] = [None] * 100\n\n    def hash_func(self, key: int) -> int:\n        \"\"\"\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\"\"\"\n        index = key % 100\n        return index\n\n    def get(self, key: int) -> str:\n        \"\"\"\u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c\"\"\"\n        index: int = self.hash_func(key)\n        pair: Pair = self.buckets[index]\n        if pair is None:\n            return None\n        return pair.val\n\n    def put(self, key: int, val: str):\n        \"\"\"\u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c\"\"\"\n        pair = Pair(key, val)\n        index: int = self.hash_func(key)\n        self.buckets[index] = pair\n\n    def remove(self, key: int):\n        \"\"\"\u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c\"\"\"\n        index: int = self.hash_func(key)\n        # \u7f6e\u4e3a None \uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u5220\u9664\n        self.buckets[index] = None\n\n    def entry_set(self) -> list[Pair]:\n        \"\"\"\u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\"\"\"\n        result: list[Pair] = []\n        for pair in self.buckets:\n            if pair is not None:\n                result.append(pair)\n        return result\n\n    def key_set(self) -> list[int]:\n        \"\"\"\u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u952e\"\"\"\n        result = []\n        for pair in self.buckets:\n            if pair is not None:\n                result.append(pair.key)\n        return result\n\n    def value_set(self) -> list[str]:\n        \"\"\"\u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u503c\"\"\"\n        result = []\n        for pair in self.buckets:\n            if pair is not None:\n                result.append(pair.val)\n        return result\n\n    def print(self):\n        \"\"\"\u6253\u5370\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\"\"\"\n        for pair in self.buckets:\n            if pair is not None:\n                print(pair.key, \"->\", pair.val)\n
    array_hash_map.cpp
    /* \u952e\u503c\u5bf9 */\nstruct Pair {\n  public:\n    int key;\n    string val;\n    Pair(int key, string val) {\n        this->key = key;\n        this->val = val;\n    }\n};\n\n/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nclass ArrayHashMap {\n  private:\n    vector<Pair *> buckets;\n\n  public:\n    ArrayHashMap() {\n        // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5305\u542b 100 \u4e2a\u6876\n        buckets = vector<Pair *>(100);\n    }\n\n    ~ArrayHashMap() {\n        // \u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\n        for (const auto &bucket : buckets) {\n            delete bucket;\n        }\n        buckets.clear();\n    }\n\n    /* \u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570 */\n    int hashFunc(int key) {\n        int index = key % 100;\n        return index;\n    }\n\n    /* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    string get(int key) {\n        int index = hashFunc(key);\n        Pair *pair = buckets[index];\n        if (pair == nullptr)\n            return \"\";\n        return pair->val;\n    }\n\n    /* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    void put(int key, string val) {\n        Pair *pair = new Pair(key, val);\n        int index = hashFunc(key);\n        buckets[index] = pair;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    void remove(int key) {\n        int index = hashFunc(key);\n        // \u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\u5e76\u7f6e\u4e3a nullptr\n        delete buckets[index];\n        buckets[index] = nullptr;\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 */\n    vector<Pair *> pairSet() {\n        vector<Pair *> pairSet;\n        for (Pair *pair : buckets) {\n            if (pair != nullptr) {\n                pairSet.push_back(pair);\n            }\n        }\n        return pairSet;\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u952e */\n    vector<int> keySet() {\n        vector<int> keySet;\n        for (Pair *pair : buckets) {\n            if (pair != nullptr) {\n                keySet.push_back(pair->key);\n            }\n        }\n        return keySet;\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u503c */\n    vector<string> valueSet() {\n        vector<string> valueSet;\n        for (Pair *pair : buckets) {\n            if (pair != nullptr) {\n                valueSet.push_back(pair->val);\n            }\n        }\n        return valueSet;\n    }\n\n    /* \u6253\u5370\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\n    void print() {\n        for (Pair *kv : pairSet()) {\n            cout << kv->key << \" -> \" << kv->val << endl;\n        }\n    }\n};\n
    array_hash_map.java
    /* \u952e\u503c\u5bf9 */\nclass Pair {\n    public int key;\n    public String val;\n\n    public Pair(int key, String val) {\n        this.key = key;\n        this.val = val;\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nclass ArrayHashMap {\n    private List<Pair> buckets;\n\n    public ArrayHashMap() {\n        // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5305\u542b 100 \u4e2a\u6876\n        buckets = new ArrayList<>();\n        for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {\n            buckets.add(null);\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570 */\n    private int hashFunc(int key) {\n        int index = key % 100;\n        return index;\n    }\n\n    /* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    public String get(int key) {\n        int index = hashFunc(key);\n        Pair pair = buckets.get(index);\n        if (pair == null)\n            return null;\n        return pair.val;\n    }\n\n    /* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    public void put(int key, String val) {\n        Pair pair = new Pair(key, val);\n        int index = hashFunc(key);\n        buckets.set(index, pair);\n    }\n\n    /* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    public void remove(int key) {\n        int index = hashFunc(key);\n        // \u7f6e\u4e3a null \uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u5220\u9664\n        buckets.set(index, null);\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 */\n    public List<Pair> pairSet() {\n        List<Pair> pairSet = new ArrayList<>();\n        for (Pair pair : buckets) {\n            if (pair != null)\n                pairSet.add(pair);\n        }\n        return pairSet;\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u952e */\n    public List<Integer> keySet() {\n        List<Integer> keySet = new ArrayList<>();\n        for (Pair pair : buckets) {\n            if (pair != null)\n                keySet.add(pair.key);\n        }\n        return keySet;\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u503c */\n    public List<String> valueSet() {\n        List<String> valueSet = new ArrayList<>();\n        for (Pair pair : buckets) {\n            if (pair != null)\n                valueSet.add(pair.val);\n        }\n        return valueSet;\n    }\n\n    /* \u6253\u5370\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\n    public void print() {\n        for (Pair kv : pairSet()) {\n            System.out.println(kv.key + \" -> \" + kv.val);\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    array_hash_map.cs
    /* \u952e\u503c\u5bf9 int->string */\nclass Pair(int key, string val) {\n    public int key = key;\n    public string val = val;\n}\n\n/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nclass ArrayHashMap {\n    List<Pair?> buckets;\n    public ArrayHashMap() {\n        // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5305\u542b 100 \u4e2a\u6876\n        buckets = [];\n        for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {\n            buckets.Add(null);\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570 */\n    int HashFunc(int key) {\n        int index = key % 100;\n        return index;\n    }\n\n    /* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    public string? Get(int key) {\n        int index = HashFunc(key);\n        Pair? pair = buckets[index];\n        if (pair == null) return null;\n        return pair.val;\n    }\n\n    /* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    public void Put(int key, string val) {\n        Pair pair = new(key, val);\n        int index = HashFunc(key);\n        buckets[index] = pair;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    public void Remove(int key) {\n        int index = HashFunc(key);\n        // \u7f6e\u4e3a null \uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u5220\u9664\n        buckets[index] = null;\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 */\n    public List<Pair> PairSet() {\n        List<Pair> pairSet = [];\n        foreach (Pair? pair in buckets) {\n            if (pair != null)\n                pairSet.Add(pair);\n        }\n        return pairSet;\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u952e */\n    public List<int> KeySet() {\n        List<int> keySet = [];\n        foreach (Pair? pair in buckets) {\n            if (pair != null)\n                keySet.Add(pair.key);\n        }\n        return keySet;\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u503c */\n    public List<string> ValueSet() {\n        List<string> valueSet = [];\n        foreach (Pair? pair in buckets) {\n            if (pair != null)\n                valueSet.Add(pair.val);\n        }\n        return valueSet;\n    }\n\n    /* \u6253\u5370\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\n    public void Print() {\n        foreach (Pair kv in PairSet()) {\n            Console.WriteLine(kv.key + \" -> \" + kv.val);\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    array_hash_map.go
    /* \u952e\u503c\u5bf9 */\ntype pair struct {\n    key int\n    val string\n}\n\n/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\ntype arrayHashMap struct {\n    buckets []*pair\n}\n\n/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nfunc newArrayHashMap() *arrayHashMap {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5305\u542b 100 \u4e2a\u6876\n    buckets := make([]*pair, 100)\n    return &arrayHashMap{buckets: buckets}\n}\n\n/* \u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570 */\nfunc (a *arrayHashMap) hashFunc(key int) int {\n    index := key % 100\n    return index\n}\n\n/* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\nfunc (a *arrayHashMap) get(key int) string {\n    index := a.hashFunc(key)\n    pair := a.buckets[index]\n    if pair == nil {\n        return \"Not Found\"\n    }\n    return pair.val\n}\n\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\nfunc (a *arrayHashMap) put(key int, val string) {\n    pair := &pair{key: key, val: val}\n    index := a.hashFunc(key)\n    a.buckets[index] = pair\n}\n\n/* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\nfunc (a *arrayHashMap) remove(key int) {\n    index := a.hashFunc(key)\n    // \u7f6e\u4e3a nil \uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u5220\u9664\n    a.buckets[index] = nil\n}\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u952e\u5bf9 */\nfunc (a *arrayHashMap) pairSet() []*pair {\n    var pairs []*pair\n    for _, pair := range a.buckets {\n        if pair != nil {\n            pairs = append(pairs, pair)\n        }\n    }\n    return pairs\n}\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u952e */\nfunc (a *arrayHashMap) keySet() []int {\n    var keys []int\n    for _, pair := range a.buckets {\n        if pair != nil {\n            keys = append(keys, pair.key)\n        }\n    }\n    return keys\n}\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u503c */\nfunc (a *arrayHashMap) valueSet() []string {\n    var values []string\n    for _, pair := range a.buckets {\n        if pair != nil {\n            values = append(values, pair.val)\n        }\n    }\n    return values\n}\n\n/* \u6253\u5370\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nfunc (a *arrayHashMap) print() {\n    for _, pair := range a.buckets {\n        if pair != nil {\n            fmt.Println(pair.key, \"->\", pair.val)\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    array_hash_map.swift
    /* \u952e\u503c\u5bf9 */\nclass Pair: Equatable {\n    public var key: Int\n    public var val: String\n\n    public init(key: Int, val: String) {\n        self.key = key\n        self.val = val\n    }\n\n    public static func == (lhs: Pair, rhs: Pair) -> Bool {\n        lhs.key == rhs.key && lhs.val == rhs.val\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nclass ArrayHashMap {\n    private var buckets: [Pair?] = []\n\n    init() {\n        // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5305\u542b 100 \u4e2a\u6876\n        for _ in 0 ..< 100 {\n            buckets.append(nil)\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570 */\n    private func hashFunc(key: Int) -> Int {\n        let index = key % 100\n        return index\n    }\n\n    /* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    func get(key: Int) -> String? {\n        let index = hashFunc(key: key)\n        let pair = buckets[index]\n        return pair?.val\n    }\n\n    /* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    func put(key: Int, val: String) {\n        let pair = Pair(key: key, val: val)\n        let index = hashFunc(key: key)\n        buckets[index] = pair\n    }\n\n    /* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    func remove(key: Int) {\n        let index = hashFunc(key: key)\n        // \u7f6e\u4e3a nil \uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u5220\u9664\n        buckets[index] = nil\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 */\n    func pairSet() -> [Pair] {\n        var pairSet: [Pair] = []\n        for pair in buckets {\n            if let pair = pair {\n                pairSet.append(pair)\n            }\n        }\n        return pairSet\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u952e */\n    func keySet() -> [Int] {\n        var keySet: [Int] = []\n        for pair in buckets {\n            if let pair = pair {\n                keySet.append(pair.key)\n            }\n        }\n        return keySet\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u503c */\n    func valueSet() -> [String] {\n        var valueSet: [String] = []\n        for pair in buckets {\n            if let pair = pair {\n                valueSet.append(pair.val)\n            }\n        }\n        return valueSet\n    }\n\n    /* \u6253\u5370\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\n    func print() {\n        for pair in pairSet() {\n            Swift.print(\"\\(pair.key) -> \\(pair.val)\")\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    array_hash_map.js
    /* \u952e\u503c\u5bf9 Number -> String */\nclass Pair {\n    constructor(key, val) {\n        this.key = key;\n        this.val = val;\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nclass ArrayHashMap {\n    #buckets;\n    constructor() {\n        // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5305\u542b 100 \u4e2a\u6876\n        this.#buckets = new Array(100).fill(null);\n    }\n\n    /* \u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570 */\n    #hashFunc(key) {\n        return key % 100;\n    }\n\n    /* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    get(key) {\n        let index = this.#hashFunc(key);\n        let pair = this.#buckets[index];\n        if (pair === null) return null;\n        return pair.val;\n    }\n\n    /* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    set(key, val) {\n        let index = this.#hashFunc(key);\n        this.#buckets[index] = new Pair(key, val);\n    }\n\n    /* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    delete(key) {\n        let index = this.#hashFunc(key);\n        // \u7f6e\u4e3a null \uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u5220\u9664\n        this.#buckets[index] = null;\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 */\n    entries() {\n        let arr = [];\n        for (let i = 0; i < this.#buckets.length; i++) {\n            if (this.#buckets[i]) {\n                arr.push(this.#buckets[i]);\n            }\n        }\n        return arr;\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u952e */\n    keys() {\n        let arr = [];\n        for (let i = 0; i < this.#buckets.length; i++) {\n            if (this.#buckets[i]) {\n                arr.push(this.#buckets[i].key);\n            }\n        }\n        return arr;\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u503c */\n    values() {\n        let arr = [];\n        for (let i = 0; i < this.#buckets.length; i++) {\n            if (this.#buckets[i]) {\n                arr.push(this.#buckets[i].val);\n            }\n        }\n        return arr;\n    }\n\n    /* \u6253\u5370\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\n    print() {\n        let pairSet = this.entries();\n        for (const pair of pairSet) {\n            console.info(`${pair.key} -> ${pair.val}`);\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    array_hash_map.ts
    /* \u952e\u503c\u5bf9 Number -> String */\nclass Pair {\n    public key: number;\n    public val: string;\n\n    constructor(key: number, val: string) {\n        this.key = key;\n        this.val = val;\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nclass ArrayHashMap {\n    private readonly buckets: (Pair | null)[];\n\n    constructor() {\n        // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5305\u542b 100 \u4e2a\u6876\n        this.buckets = new Array(100).fill(null);\n    }\n\n    /* \u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570 */\n    private hashFunc(key: number): number {\n        return key % 100;\n    }\n\n    /* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    public get(key: number): string | null {\n        let index = this.hashFunc(key);\n        let pair = this.buckets[index];\n        if (pair === null) return null;\n        return pair.val;\n    }\n\n    /* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    public set(key: number, val: string) {\n        let index = this.hashFunc(key);\n        this.buckets[index] = new Pair(key, val);\n    }\n\n    /* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    public delete(key: number) {\n        let index = this.hashFunc(key);\n        // \u7f6e\u4e3a null \uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u5220\u9664\n        this.buckets[index] = null;\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 */\n    public entries(): (Pair | null)[] {\n        let arr: (Pair | null)[] = [];\n        for (let i = 0; i < this.buckets.length; i++) {\n            if (this.buckets[i]) {\n                arr.push(this.buckets[i]);\n            }\n        }\n        return arr;\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u952e */\n    public keys(): (number | undefined)[] {\n        let arr: (number | undefined)[] = [];\n        for (let i = 0; i < this.buckets.length; i++) {\n            if (this.buckets[i]) {\n                arr.push(this.buckets[i].key);\n            }\n        }\n        return arr;\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u503c */\n    public values(): (string | undefined)[] {\n        let arr: (string | undefined)[] = [];\n        for (let i = 0; i < this.buckets.length; i++) {\n            if (this.buckets[i]) {\n                arr.push(this.buckets[i].val);\n            }\n        }\n        return arr;\n    }\n\n    /* \u6253\u5370\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\n    public print() {\n        let pairSet = this.entries();\n        for (const pair of pairSet) {\n            console.info(`${pair.key} -> ${pair.val}`);\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    array_hash_map.dart
    /* \u952e\u503c\u5bf9 */\nclass Pair {\n  int key;\n  String val;\n  Pair(this.key, this.val);\n}\n\n/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nclass ArrayHashMap {\n  late List<Pair?> _buckets;\n\n  ArrayHashMap() {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5305\u542b 100 \u4e2a\u6876\n    _buckets = List.filled(100, null);\n  }\n\n  /* \u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570 */\n  int _hashFunc(int key) {\n    final int index = key % 100;\n    return index;\n  }\n\n  /* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\n  String? get(int key) {\n    final int index = _hashFunc(key);\n    final Pair? pair = _buckets[index];\n    if (pair == null) {\n      return null;\n    }\n    return pair.val;\n  }\n\n  /* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\n  void put(int key, String val) {\n    final Pair pair = Pair(key, val);\n    final int index = _hashFunc(key);\n    _buckets[index] = pair;\n  }\n\n  /* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\n  void remove(int key) {\n    final int index = _hashFunc(key);\n    _buckets[index] = null;\n  }\n\n  /* \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 */\n  List<Pair> pairSet() {\n    List<Pair> pairSet = [];\n    for (final Pair? pair in _buckets) {\n      if (pair != null) {\n        pairSet.add(pair);\n      }\n    }\n    return pairSet;\n  }\n\n  /* \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u952e */\n  List<int> keySet() {\n    List<int> keySet = [];\n    for (final Pair? pair in _buckets) {\n      if (pair != null) {\n        keySet.add(pair.key);\n      }\n    }\n    return keySet;\n  }\n\n  /* \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u503c */\n  List<String> values() {\n    List<String> valueSet = [];\n    for (final Pair? pair in _buckets) {\n      if (pair != null) {\n        valueSet.add(pair.val);\n      }\n    }\n    return valueSet;\n  }\n\n  /* \u6253\u5370\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\n  void printHashMap() {\n    for (final Pair kv in pairSet()) {\n      print(\"${kv.key} -> ${kv.val}\");\n    }\n  }\n}\n
    array_hash_map.rs
    /* \u952e\u503c\u5bf9 */\n#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]\npub struct Pair {\n    pub key: i32,\n    pub val: String,\n}\n\n/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\npub struct ArrayHashMap {\n    buckets: Vec<Option<Pair>>\n}\n\nimpl ArrayHashMap {\n    pub fn new() -> ArrayHashMap {\n        // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5305\u542b 100 \u4e2a\u6876\n        Self { buckets: vec![None; 100] }\n    }\n\n    /* \u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570 */\n    fn hash_func(&self, key: i32) -> usize {\n        key as usize % 100\n    }\n\n    /* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    pub fn get(&self, key: i32) -> Option<&String> {\n        let index = self.hash_func(key);\n        self.buckets[index].as_ref().map(|pair| &pair.val)\n    }\n\n    /* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    pub fn put(&mut self, key: i32, val: &str) {\n        let index = self.hash_func(key);\n        self.buckets[index] = Some(Pair {\n            key,\n            val: val.to_string(),\n        });\n    }\n\n    /* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    pub fn remove(&mut self, key: i32) {\n        let index = self.hash_func(key);\n        // \u7f6e\u4e3a None \uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u5220\u9664\n        self.buckets[index] = None;\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 */\n    pub fn entry_set(&self) -> Vec<&Pair> {\n        self.buckets.iter().filter_map(|pair| pair.as_ref()).collect()\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u952e */\n    pub fn key_set(&self) -> Vec<&i32> {\n        self.buckets.iter().filter_map(|pair| pair.as_ref().map(|pair| &pair.key)).collect()\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u503c */\n    pub fn value_set(&self) -> Vec<&String> {\n        self.buckets.iter().filter_map(|pair| pair.as_ref().map(|pair| &pair.val)).collect()\n    }\n\n    /* \u6253\u5370\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\n    pub fn print(&self) {\n        for pair in self.entry_set() {\n            println!(\"{} -> {}\", pair.key, pair.val);\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    array_hash_map.c
    /* \u952e\u503c\u5bf9 int->string */\ntypedef struct {\n    int key;\n    char *val;\n} Pair;\n\n/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\ntypedef struct {\n    Pair *buckets[HASHTABLE_CAPACITY];\n} ArrayHashMap;\n\n/* \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570 */\nArrayHashMap *newArrayHashMap() {\n    ArrayHashMap *hmap = malloc(sizeof(ArrayHashMap));\n    return hmap;\n}\n\n/* \u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570 */\nvoid delArrayHashMap(ArrayHashMap *hmap) {\n    for (int i = 0; i < HASHTABLE_CAPACITY; i++) {\n        if (hmap->buckets[i] != NULL) {\n            free(hmap->buckets[i]->val);\n            free(hmap->buckets[i]);\n        }\n    }\n    free(hmap);\n}\n\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\nvoid put(ArrayHashMap *hmap, const int key, const char *val) {\n    Pair *Pair = malloc(sizeof(Pair));\n    Pair->key = key;\n    Pair->val = malloc(strlen(val) + 1);\n    strcpy(Pair->val, val);\n\n    int index = hashFunc(key);\n    hmap->buckets[index] = Pair;\n}\n\n/* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\nvoid removeItem(ArrayHashMap *hmap, const int key) {\n    int index = hashFunc(key);\n    free(hmap->buckets[index]->val);\n    free(hmap->buckets[index]);\n    hmap->buckets[index] = NULL;\n}\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 */\nvoid pairSet(ArrayHashMap *hmap, MapSet *set) {\n    Pair *entries;\n    int i = 0, index = 0;\n    int total = 0;\n    /* \u7edf\u8ba1\u6709\u6548\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6570\u91cf */\n    for (i = 0; i < HASHTABLE_CAPACITY; i++) {\n        if (hmap->buckets[i] != NULL) {\n            total++;\n        }\n    }\n    entries = malloc(sizeof(Pair) * total);\n    for (i = 0; i < HASHTABLE_CAPACITY; i++) {\n        if (hmap->buckets[i] != NULL) {\n            entries[index].key = hmap->buckets[i]->key;\n            entries[index].val = malloc(strlen(hmap->buckets[i]->val) + 1);\n            strcpy(entries[index].val, hmap->buckets[i]->val);\n            index++;\n        }\n    }\n    set->set = entries;\n    set->len = total;\n}\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u952e */\nvoid keySet(ArrayHashMap *hmap, MapSet *set) {\n    int *keys;\n    int i = 0, index = 0;\n    int total = 0;\n    /* \u7edf\u8ba1\u6709\u6548\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6570\u91cf */\n    for (i = 0; i < HASHTABLE_CAPACITY; i++) {\n        if (hmap->buckets[i] != NULL) {\n            total++;\n        }\n    }\n    keys = malloc(total * sizeof(int));\n    for (i = 0; i < HASHTABLE_CAPACITY; i++) {\n        if (hmap->buckets[i] != NULL) {\n            keys[index] = hmap->buckets[i]->key;\n            index++;\n        }\n    }\n    set->set = keys;\n    set->len = total;\n}\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u503c */\nvoid valueSet(ArrayHashMap *hmap, MapSet *set) {\n    char **vals;\n    int i = 0, index = 0;\n    int total = 0;\n    /* \u7edf\u8ba1\u6709\u6548\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6570\u91cf */\n    for (i = 0; i < HASHTABLE_CAPACITY; i++) {\n        if (hmap->buckets[i] != NULL) {\n            total++;\n        }\n    }\n    vals = malloc(total * sizeof(char *));\n    for (i = 0; i < HASHTABLE_CAPACITY; i++) {\n        if (hmap->buckets[i] != NULL) {\n            vals[index] = hmap->buckets[i]->val;\n            index++;\n        }\n    }\n    set->set = vals;\n    set->len = total;\n}\n\n/* \u6253\u5370\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nvoid print(ArrayHashMap *hmap) {\n    int i;\n    MapSet set;\n    pairSet(hmap, &set);\n    Pair *entries = (Pair *)set.set;\n    for (i = 0; i < set.len; i++) {\n        printf(\"%d -> %s\\n\", entries[i].key, entries[i].val);\n    }\n    free(set.set);\n}\n
    array_hash_map.zig
    // \u952e\u503c\u5bf9\nconst Pair = struct {\n    key: usize = undefined,\n    val: []const u8 = undefined,\n\n   pub fn init(key: usize, val: []const u8) Pair {\n        return Pair {\n            .key = key,\n            .val = val,\n        };\n    }\n};\n\n// \u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\nfn ArrayHashMap(comptime T: type) type {\n    return struct {\n        bucket: ?std.ArrayList(?T) = null,\n        mem_allocator: std.mem.Allocator = undefined,\n\n        const Self = @This();\n\n        // \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\n        pub fn init(self: *Self, allocator: std.mem.Allocator) !void {\n            self.mem_allocator = allocator;\n            // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 100 \u7684\u6876\uff08\u6570\u7ec4\uff09\n            self.bucket = std.ArrayList(?T).init(self.mem_allocator);\n            var i: i32 = 0;\n            while (i < 100) : (i += 1) {\n                try self.bucket.?.append(null);\n            }\n        }\n\n        // \u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\n        pub fn deinit(self: *Self) void {\n            if (self.bucket != null) self.bucket.?.deinit();\n        }\n\n        // \u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\n        fn hashFunc(key: usize) usize {\n            var index = key % 100;\n            return index;\n        }\n\n        // \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c\n        pub fn get(self: *Self, key: usize) []const u8 {\n            var index = hashFunc(key);\n            var pair = self.bucket.?.items[index];\n            return pair.?.val;\n        }\n\n        // \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c\n        pub fn put(self: *Self, key: usize, val: []const u8) !void {\n            var pair = Pair.init(key, val);\n            var index = hashFunc(key);\n            self.bucket.?.items[index] = pair;\n        }\n\n        // \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c\n        pub fn remove(self: *Self, key: usize) !void {\n            var index = hashFunc(key);\n            // \u7f6e\u4e3a null \uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u5220\u9664\n            self.bucket.?.items[index] = null;\n        }       \n\n        // \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\n        pub fn pairSet(self: *Self) !std.ArrayList(T) {\n            var entry_set = std.ArrayList(T).init(self.mem_allocator);\n            for (self.bucket.?.items) |item| {\n                if (item == null) continue;\n                try entry_set.append(item.?);\n            }\n            return entry_set;\n        }  \n\n        // \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u952e\n        pub fn keySet(self: *Self) !std.ArrayList(usize) {\n            var key_set = std.ArrayList(usize).init(self.mem_allocator);\n            for (self.bucket.?.items) |item| {\n                if (item == null) continue;\n                try key_set.append(item.?.key);\n            }\n            return key_set;\n        }  \n\n        // \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u503c\n        pub fn valueSet(self: *Self) !std.ArrayList([]const u8) {\n            var value_set = std.ArrayList([]const u8).init(self.mem_allocator);\n            for (self.bucket.?.items) |item| {\n                if (item == null) continue;\n                try value_set.append(item.?.val);\n            }\n            return value_set;\n        }\n\n        // \u6253\u5370\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n        pub fn print(self: *Self) !void {\n            var entry_set = try self.pairSet();\n            defer entry_set.deinit();\n            for (entry_set.items) |item| {\n                std.debug.print(\"{} -> {s}\\n\", .{item.key, item.val});\n            }\n        }\n    };\n}\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_hashing/hash_map/#613","title":"6.1.3 \u00a0 \u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\u4e0e\u6269\u5bb9","text":"

    \u4ece\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u5c06\u6240\u6709 key \u6784\u6210\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u7a7a\u95f4\u6620\u5c04\u5230\u6570\u7ec4\u6240\u6709\u7d22\u5f15\u6784\u6210\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u800c\u8f93\u5165\u7a7a\u95f4\u5f80\u5f80\u8fdc\u5927\u4e8e\u8f93\u51fa\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u4e00\u5b9a\u5b58\u5728\u201c\u591a\u4e2a\u8f93\u5165\u5bf9\u5e94\u76f8\u540c\u8f93\u51fa\u201d\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002

    \u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e0a\u8ff0\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5f53\u8f93\u5165\u7684 key \u540e\u4e24\u4f4d\u76f8\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c\u4e5f\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u67e5\u8be2\u5b66\u53f7\u4e3a 12836 \u548c 20336 \u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b66\u751f\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5f97\u5230\uff1a

    12836 % 100 = 36\n20336 % 100 = 36\n

    \u5982\u56fe 6-3 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b66\u53f7\u6307\u5411\u4e86\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u59d3\u540d\uff0c\u8fd9\u663e\u7136\u662f\u4e0d\u5bf9\u7684\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8fd9\u79cd\u591a\u4e2a\u8f93\u5165\u5bf9\u5e94\u540c\u4e00\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u79f0\u4e3a\u300c\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81 hash collision\u300d\u3002

    \u56fe 6-3 \u00a0 \u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\u793a\u4f8b

    \u5bb9\u6613\u60f3\u5230\uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf \\(n\\) \u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u591a\u4e2a key \u88ab\u5206\u914d\u5230\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6876\u4e2d\u7684\u6982\u7387\u5c31\u8d8a\u4f4e\uff0c\u51b2\u7a81\u5c31\u8d8a\u5c11\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6269\u5bb9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u6765\u51cf\u5c11\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\u3002

    \u5982\u56fe 6-4 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u6269\u5bb9\u524d\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 (136, A) \u548c (236, D) \u53d1\u751f\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u6269\u5bb9\u540e\u51b2\u7a81\u6d88\u5931\u3002

    \u56fe 6-4 \u00a0 \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u6269\u5bb9

    \u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u6269\u5bb9\uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u6269\u5bb9\u9700\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u4ece\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u8fc1\u79fb\u81f3\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u8017\u65f6\uff1b\u5e76\u4e14\u7531\u4e8e\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf capacity \u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u91cd\u65b0\u8ba1\u7b97\u6240\u6709\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u8fd9\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u6269\u5bb9\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u5f00\u9500\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u9884\u7559\u8db3\u591f\u5927\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u9891\u7e41\u6269\u5bb9\u3002

    \u300c\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50 load factor\u300d\u662f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5176\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u9664\u4ee5\u6876\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8861\u91cf\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u4e25\u91cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e5f\u5e38\u4f5c\u4e3a\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u89e6\u53d1\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u5728 Java \u4e2d\uff0c\u5f53\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u8d85\u8fc7 \\(0.75\\) \u65f6\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u5c06\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u6269\u5bb9\u81f3\u539f\u5148\u7684 \\(2\\) \u500d\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_hashing/summary/","title":"6.4 \u00a0 \u5c0f\u7ed3","text":""},{"location":"chapter_hashing/summary/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u91cd\u70b9\u56de\u987e","text":"
    • \u8f93\u5165 key \uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u80fd\u591f\u5728 \\(O(1)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u67e5\u8be2\u5230 value \uff0c\u6548\u7387\u975e\u5e38\u9ad8\u3002
    • \u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u64cd\u4f5c\u5305\u62ec\u67e5\u8be2\u3001\u6dfb\u52a0\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u3001\u5220\u9664\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u548c\u904d\u5386\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u7b49\u3002
    • \u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u5c06 key \u6620\u5c04\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u8bbf\u95ee\u5bf9\u5e94\u6876\u5e76\u83b7\u53d6 value \u3002
    • \u4e24\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684 key \u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u7ecf\u8fc7\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u540e\u5f97\u5230\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u51fa\u9519\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u73b0\u8c61\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\u3002
    • \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u6982\u7387\u5c31\u8d8a\u4f4e\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6269\u5bb9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u6765\u7f13\u89e3\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u4e0e\u6570\u7ec4\u6269\u5bb9\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u6269\u5bb9\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u5f00\u9500\u5f88\u5927\u3002
    • \u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u9664\u4ee5\u6876\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u4e25\u91cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u5e38\u7528\u4f5c\u89e6\u53d1\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u3002
    • \u94fe\u5f0f\u5730\u5740\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u5355\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u94fe\u8868\uff0c\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u51b2\u7a81\u5143\u7d20\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u94fe\u8868\u8fc7\u957f\u4f1a\u964d\u4f4e\u67e5\u8be2\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5c06\u94fe\u8868\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u7ea2\u9ed1\u6811\u6765\u63d0\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\u3002
    • \u5f00\u653e\u5bfb\u5740\u901a\u8fc7\u591a\u6b21\u63a2\u6d4b\u6765\u5904\u7406\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\u4f7f\u7528\u56fa\u5b9a\u6b65\u957f\uff0c\u7f3a\u70b9\u662f\u4e0d\u80fd\u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u4e14\u5bb9\u6613\u4ea7\u751f\u805a\u96c6\u3002\u591a\u6b21\u54c8\u5e0c\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u4e2a\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u8fdb\u884c\u63a2\u6d4b\uff0c\u76f8\u8f83\u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\u66f4\u4e0d\u6613\u4ea7\u751f\u805a\u96c6\uff0c\u4f46\u591a\u4e2a\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u8ba1\u7b97\u91cf\u3002
    • \u4e0d\u540c\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u91c7\u53d6\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cJava \u7684 HashMap \u4f7f\u7528\u94fe\u5f0f\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u800c Python \u7684 Dict \u91c7\u7528\u5f00\u653e\u5bfb\u5740\u3002
    • \u5728\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u5177\u6709\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u3001\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\u548c\u5747\u5300\u5206\u5e03\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u3002\u5728\u5bc6\u7801\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u8fd8\u5e94\u8be5\u5177\u5907\u6297\u78b0\u649e\u6027\u548c\u96ea\u5d29\u6548\u5e94\u3002
    • \u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u901a\u5e38\u91c7\u7528\u5927\u8d28\u6570\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6a21\u6570\uff0c\u4ee5\u6700\u5927\u5316\u5730\u4fdd\u8bc1\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u5747\u5300\u5206\u5e03\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\u3002
    • \u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u5305\u62ec MD5\u3001SHA-1\u3001SHA-2 \u548c SHA-3 \u7b49\u3002MD5 \u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u6821\u9a8c\u6587\u4ef6\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\uff0cSHA-2 \u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u5b89\u5168\u5e94\u7528\u4e0e\u534f\u8bae\u3002
    • \u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u63d0\u4f9b\u5185\u7f6e\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8ba1\u7b97\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u53ef\u54c8\u5e0c\u7684\u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_hashing/summary/#2-q-a","title":"2. \u00a0 Q & A","text":"

    \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5728\u4ec0\u4e48\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u662f \\(O(n)\\) \uff1f

    \u5f53\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e25\u91cd\u65f6\uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4f1a\u9000\u5316\u81f3 \\(O(n)\\) \u3002\u5f53\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5f97\u6bd4\u8f83\u597d\u3001\u5bb9\u91cf\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6bd4\u8f83\u5408\u7406\u3001\u51b2\u7a81\u6bd4\u8f83\u5e73\u5747\u65f6\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u662f \\(O(1)\\) \u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u65f6\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u8ba4\u4e3a\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u662f \\(O(1)\\) \u3002

    \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570 \\(f(x) = x\\) \u5462\uff1f\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6709\u51b2\u7a81\u4e86

    \u5728 \\(f(x) = x\\) \u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u4e0b\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5bf9\u5e94\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0e\u6570\u7ec4\u7b49\u4ef7\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8f93\u5165\u7a7a\u95f4\u901a\u5e38\u8fdc\u5927\u4e8e\u8f93\u51fa\u7a7a\u95f4\uff08\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b65\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u5bf9\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u53d6\u6a21\u3002\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u7a7a\u95f4\u6620\u5c04\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b \\(O(1)\\) \u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u6548\u7387\u3002

    \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5e95\u5c42\u5b9e\u73b0\u662f\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u94fe\u8868\u3001\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff0c\u4f46\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6548\u7387\u53ef\u4ee5\u6bd4\u5b83\u4eec\u66f4\u9ad8\u5462\uff1f

    \u9996\u5148\uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6548\u7387\u53d8\u9ad8\uff0c\u4f46\u7a7a\u95f4\u6548\u7387\u53d8\u4f4e\u4e86\u3002\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u6709\u76f8\u5f53\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u5185\u5b58\u672a\u4f7f\u7528\u3002

    \u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u4f7f\u7528\u573a\u666f\u4e0b\u65f6\u95f4\u6548\u7387\u53d8\u9ad8\u4e86\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u529f\u80fd\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e0b\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u7ec4\u6216\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u901a\u5e38\u6bd4\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u66f4\u5feb\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u8ba1\u7b97\u9700\u8981\u5f00\u9500\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7684\u5e38\u6570\u9879\u66f4\u5927\u3002

    \u6700\u540e\uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u52a3\u5316\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u94fe\u5f0f\u5730\u5740\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u91c7\u53d6\u5728\u94fe\u8868\u6216\u7ea2\u9ed1\u6811\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\u67e5\u627e\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u6709\u9000\u5316\u81f3 \\(O(n)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u3002

    \u591a\u6b21\u54c8\u5e0c\u6709\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7f3a\u9677\u5417\uff1f\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a\u5df2\u5220\u9664\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u8fd8\u80fd\u518d\u6b21\u4f7f\u7528\u5417\uff1f

    \u591a\u6b21\u54c8\u5e0c\u662f\u5f00\u653e\u5bfb\u5740\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\uff0c\u5f00\u653e\u5bfb\u5740\u6cd5\u90fd\u6709\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7f3a\u9677\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u6807\u8bb0\u5220\u9664\u3002\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a\u5df2\u5220\u9664\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u518d\u6b21\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u5f53\u5c06\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u63d2\u5165\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u901a\u8fc7\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u627e\u5230\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a\u5df2\u5220\u9664\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u65f6\uff0c\u8be5\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u65e2\u80fd\u4fdd\u6301\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u7684\u63a2\u6d4b\u5e8f\u5217\u4e0d\u53d8\uff0c\u53c8\u80fd\u4fdd\u8bc1\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f7f\u7528\u7387\u3002

    \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5728\u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u67e5\u627e\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\u5462\uff1f

    \u67e5\u627e\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u901a\u8fc7\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u627e\u5230\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6876\u548c\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0 key \u4e0d\u5339\u914d\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u4ee3\u8868\u6709\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\u6cd5\u4f1a\u6839\u636e\u9884\u5148\u8bbe\u5b9a\u7684\u6b65\u957f\u4f9d\u6b21\u5411\u4e0b\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u627e\u5230\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6216\u65e0\u6cd5\u627e\u5230\u8df3\u51fa\u4e3a\u6b62\u3002

    \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u6269\u5bb9\u80fd\u591f\u7f13\u89e3\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\uff1f

    \u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b65\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u5bf9\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6 \\(n\\) \u53d6\u6a21\uff08\u53d6\u4f59\uff09\uff0c\u8ba9\u8f93\u51fa\u503c\u843d\u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15\u8303\u56f4\u5185\uff1b\u5728\u6269\u5bb9\u540e\uff0c\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6 \\(n\\) \u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u800c key \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u539f\u5148\u843d\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6876\u7684\u591a\u4e2a key \uff0c\u5728\u6269\u5bb9\u540e\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u5206\u914d\u5230\u591a\u4e2a\u6876\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5b9e\u73b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u7f13\u89e3\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_heap/","title":"\u7b2c 8 \u7ae0 \u00a0 \u5806","text":"

    Abstract

    \u5806\u5c31\u50cf\u662f\u5c71\u5cb3\u5cf0\u5ce6\uff0c\u5c42\u53e0\u8d77\u4f0f\u3001\u5f62\u6001\u5404\u5f02\u3002

    \u5ea7\u5ea7\u5c71\u5cf0\u9ad8\u4f4e\u9519\u843d\uff0c\u800c\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u5c71\u5cf0\u603b\u662f\u6700\u5148\u6620\u5165\u773c\u5e18\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_heap/#_1","title":"\u672c\u7ae0\u5185\u5bb9","text":"
    • 8.1 \u00a0 \u5806
    • 8.2 \u00a0 \u5efa\u5806\u64cd\u4f5c
    • 8.3 \u00a0 Top-k \u95ee\u9898
    • 8.4 \u00a0 \u5c0f\u7ed3
    "},{"location":"chapter_heap/build_heap/","title":"8.2 \u00a0 \u5efa\u5806\u64cd\u4f5c","text":"

    \u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u5217\u8868\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u6765\u6784\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5806\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u5efa\u5806\u64cd\u4f5c\u201d\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_heap/build_heap/#821","title":"8.2.1 \u00a0 \u501f\u52a9\u5165\u5806\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b9e\u73b0","text":"

    \u6211\u4eec\u9996\u5148\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u5806\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u904d\u5386\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u4f9d\u6b21\u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u6267\u884c\u201c\u5165\u5806\u64cd\u4f5c\u201d\uff0c\u5373\u5148\u5c06\u5143\u7d20\u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u5806\u7684\u5c3e\u90e8\uff0c\u518d\u5bf9\u8be5\u5143\u7d20\u6267\u884c\u201c\u4ece\u5e95\u81f3\u9876\u201d\u5806\u5316\u3002

    \u6bcf\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806\uff0c\u5806\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u5c31\u52a0\u4e00\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u8282\u70b9\u662f\u4ece\u9876\u5230\u5e95\u4f9d\u6b21\u88ab\u6dfb\u52a0\u8fdb\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5806\u662f\u201c\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u201d\u6784\u5efa\u7684\u3002

    \u8bbe\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u4e3a \\(n\\) \uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u5165\u5806\u64cd\u4f5c\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(\\log{n})\\) \u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8be5\u5efa\u5806\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n \\log n)\\) \u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_heap/build_heap/#822","title":"8.2.2 \u00a0 \u901a\u8fc7\u904d\u5386\u5806\u5316\u5b9e\u73b0","text":"

    \u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e00\u79cd\u66f4\u4e3a\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u5efa\u5806\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5171\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u6b65\u3002

    1. \u5c06\u5217\u8868\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u539f\u5c01\u4e0d\u52a8\u5730\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u5806\u4e2d\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u5806\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u5c1a\u672a\u5f97\u5230\u6ee1\u8db3\u3002
    2. \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u5806\uff08\u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u7684\u5012\u5e8f\uff09\uff0c\u4f9d\u6b21\u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u975e\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u6267\u884c\u201c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316\u201d\u3002

    \u6bcf\u5f53\u5806\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u540e\uff0c\u4ee5\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u4e3a\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5b50\u6811\u5c31\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u5b50\u5806\u3002\u800c\u7531\u4e8e\u662f\u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5806\u662f\u201c\u81ea\u4e0b\u800c\u4e0a\u201d\u6784\u5efa\u7684\u3002

    \u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u6837\u80fd\u591f\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5f53\u524d\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u4e0b\u7684\u5b50\u6811\u5df2\u7ecf\u662f\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u5b50\u5806\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5806\u5316\u5f53\u524d\u8282\u70b9\u624d\u662f\u6709\u6548\u7684\u3002

    \u503c\u5f97\u8bf4\u660e\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u6ca1\u6709\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u4eec\u5929\u7136\u5c31\u662f\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u5b50\u5806\uff0c\u65e0\u987b\u5806\u5316\u3002\u5982\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u662f\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7236\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4ece\u5b83\u5f00\u59cb\u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u5e76\u6267\u884c\u5806\u5316\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig my_heap.py
    def __init__(self, nums: list[int]):\n    \"\"\"\u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u8f93\u5165\u5217\u8868\u5efa\u5806\"\"\"\n    # \u5c06\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\u539f\u5c01\u4e0d\u52a8\u6dfb\u52a0\u8fdb\u5806\n    self.max_heap = nums\n    # \u5806\u5316\u9664\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\n    for i in range(self.parent(self.size() - 1), -1, -1):\n        self.sift_down(i)\n
    my_heap.cpp
    /* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u8f93\u5165\u5217\u8868\u5efa\u5806 */\nMaxHeap(vector<int> nums) {\n    // \u5c06\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\u539f\u5c01\u4e0d\u52a8\u6dfb\u52a0\u8fdb\u5806\n    maxHeap = nums;\n    // \u5806\u5316\u9664\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\n    for (int i = parent(size() - 1); i >= 0; i--) {\n        siftDown(i);\n    }\n}\n
    my_heap.java
    /* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u8f93\u5165\u5217\u8868\u5efa\u5806 */\nMaxHeap(List<Integer> nums) {\n    // \u5c06\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\u539f\u5c01\u4e0d\u52a8\u6dfb\u52a0\u8fdb\u5806\n    maxHeap = new ArrayList<>(nums);\n    // \u5806\u5316\u9664\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\n    for (int i = parent(size() - 1); i >= 0; i--) {\n        siftDown(i);\n    }\n}\n
    my_heap.cs
    /* \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u8f93\u5165\u5217\u8868\u5efa\u5806 */\nMaxHeap(IEnumerable<int> nums) {\n    // \u5c06\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\u539f\u5c01\u4e0d\u52a8\u6dfb\u52a0\u8fdb\u5806\n    maxHeap = new List<int>(nums);\n    // \u5806\u5316\u9664\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\n    var size = Parent(this.Size() - 1);\n    for (int i = size; i >= 0; i--) {\n        SiftDown(i);\n    }\n}\n
    my_heap.go
    /* \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u5207\u7247\u5efa\u5806 */\nfunc newMaxHeap(nums []any) *maxHeap {\n    // \u5c06\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\u539f\u5c01\u4e0d\u52a8\u6dfb\u52a0\u8fdb\u5806\n    h := &maxHeap{data: nums}\n    for i := h.parent(len(h.data) - 1); i >= 0; i-- {\n        // \u5806\u5316\u9664\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\n        h.siftDown(i)\n    }\n    return h\n}\n
    my_heap.swift
    /* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u8f93\u5165\u5217\u8868\u5efa\u5806 */\ninit(nums: [Int]) {\n    // \u5c06\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\u539f\u5c01\u4e0d\u52a8\u6dfb\u52a0\u8fdb\u5806\n    maxHeap = nums\n    // \u5806\u5316\u9664\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\n    for i in stride(from: parent(i: size() - 1), through: 0, by: -1) {\n        siftDown(i: i)\n    }\n}\n
    my_heap.js
    /* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u7a7a\u5806\u6216\u6839\u636e\u8f93\u5165\u5217\u8868\u5efa\u5806 */\nconstructor(nums) {\n    // \u5c06\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\u539f\u5c01\u4e0d\u52a8\u6dfb\u52a0\u8fdb\u5806\n    this.#maxHeap = nums === undefined ? [] : [...nums];\n    // \u5806\u5316\u9664\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\n    for (let i = this.#parent(this.size() - 1); i >= 0; i--) {\n        this.#siftDown(i);\n    }\n}\n
    my_heap.ts
    /* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u7a7a\u5806\u6216\u6839\u636e\u8f93\u5165\u5217\u8868\u5efa\u5806 */\nconstructor(nums?: number[]) {\n    // \u5c06\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\u539f\u5c01\u4e0d\u52a8\u6dfb\u52a0\u8fdb\u5806\n    this.maxHeap = nums === undefined ? [] : [...nums];\n    // \u5806\u5316\u9664\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\n    for (let i = this.parent(this.size() - 1); i >= 0; i--) {\n        this.siftDown(i);\n    }\n}\n
    my_heap.dart
    /* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u8f93\u5165\u5217\u8868\u5efa\u5806 */\nMaxHeap(List<int> nums) {\n  // \u5c06\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\u539f\u5c01\u4e0d\u52a8\u6dfb\u52a0\u8fdb\u5806\n  _maxHeap = nums;\n  // \u5806\u5316\u9664\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\n  for (int i = _parent(size() - 1); i >= 0; i--) {\n    siftDown(i);\n  }\n}\n
    my_heap.rs
    /* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u8f93\u5165\u5217\u8868\u5efa\u5806 */\nfn new(nums: Vec<i32>) -> Self {\n    // \u5c06\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\u539f\u5c01\u4e0d\u52a8\u6dfb\u52a0\u8fdb\u5806\n    let mut heap = MaxHeap { max_heap: nums };\n    // \u5806\u5316\u9664\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\n    for i in (0..=Self::parent(heap.size() - 1)).rev() {\n        heap.sift_down(i);\n    }\n    heap\n}\n
    my_heap.c
    /* \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u5207\u7247\u5efa\u5806 */\nMaxHeap *newMaxHeap(int nums[], int size) {\n    // \u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806\n    MaxHeap *maxHeap = (MaxHeap *)malloc(sizeof(MaxHeap));\n    maxHeap->size = size;\n    memcpy(maxHeap->data, nums, size * sizeof(int));\n    for (int i = parent(maxHeap, size - 1); i >= 0; i--) {\n        // \u5806\u5316\u9664\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\n        siftDown(maxHeap, i);\n    }\n    return maxHeap;\n}\n
    my_heap.zig
    // \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u8f93\u5165\u5217\u8868\u5efa\u5806\nfn init(self: *Self, allocator: std.mem.Allocator, nums: []const T) !void {\n    if (self.max_heap != null) return;\n    self.max_heap = std.ArrayList(T).init(allocator);\n    // \u5c06\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\u539f\u5c01\u4e0d\u52a8\u6dfb\u52a0\u8fdb\u5806\n    try self.max_heap.?.appendSlice(nums);\n    // \u5806\u5316\u9664\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\n    var i: usize = parent(self.size() - 1) + 1;\n    while (i > 0) : (i -= 1) {\n        try self.siftDown(i - 1);\n    }\n}\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_heap/build_heap/#823","title":"8.2.3 \u00a0 \u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5206\u6790","text":"

    \u4e0b\u9762\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u5c1d\u8bd5\u63a8\u7b97\u7b2c\u4e8c\u79cd\u5efa\u5806\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u3002

    • \u5047\u8bbe\u5b8c\u5168\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf\u4e3a \\(n\\) \uff0c\u5219\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf\u4e3a \\((n + 1) / 2\\) \uff0c\u5176\u4e2d \\(/\\) \u4e3a\u5411\u4e0b\u6574\u9664\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u5806\u5316\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf\u4e3a \\((n - 1) / 2\\) \u3002
    • \u5728\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u6700\u591a\u5806\u5316\u5230\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6700\u5927\u8fed\u4ee3\u6b21\u6570\u4e3a\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6 \\(\\log n\\) \u3002

    \u5c06\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e24\u8005\u76f8\u4e58\uff0c\u53ef\u5f97\u5230\u5efa\u5806\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n \\log n)\\) \u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f30\u7b97\u7ed3\u679c\u5e76\u4e0d\u51c6\u786e\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u6ca1\u6709\u8003\u8651\u5230\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u5e95\u5c42\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf\u8fdc\u591a\u4e8e\u9876\u5c42\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u3002

    \u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u66f4\u4e3a\u51c6\u786e\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u964d\u4f4e\u8ba1\u7b97\u96be\u5ea6\uff0c\u5047\u8bbe\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf\u4e3a \\(n\\) \u3001\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(h\\) \u7684\u201c\u5b8c\u7f8e\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u201d\uff0c\u8be5\u5047\u8bbe\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u8ba1\u7b97\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u6027\u3002

    \u56fe 8-5 \u00a0 \u5b8c\u7f8e\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u5404\u5c42\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf

    \u5982\u56fe 8-5 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u8282\u70b9\u201c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316\u201d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u8fed\u4ee3\u6b21\u6570\u7b49\u4e8e\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u5230\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\uff0c\u800c\u8be5\u8ddd\u79bb\u6b63\u662f\u201c\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u201d\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u5404\u5c42\u7684\u201c\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf \\(\\times\\) \u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u201d\u6c42\u548c\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5806\u5316\u8fed\u4ee3\u6b21\u6570\u7684\u603b\u548c\u3002

    \\[ T(h) = 2^0h + 2^1(h-1) + 2^2(h-2) + \\dots + 2^{(h-1)}\\times1 \\]

    \u5316\u7b80\u4e0a\u5f0f\u9700\u8981\u501f\u52a9\u4e2d\u5b66\u7684\u6570\u5217\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u5c06\u5bf9 \\(T(h)\\) \u4e58\u4ee5 \\(2\\) \uff0c\u5f97\u5230\uff1a

    \\[ \\begin{aligned} T(h) & = 2^0h + 2^1(h-1) + 2^2(h-2) + \\dots + 2^{h-1}\\times1 \\newline 2 T(h) & = 2^1h + 2^2(h-1) + 2^3(h-2) + \\dots + 2^{h}\\times1 \\newline \\end{aligned} \\]

    \u4f7f\u7528\u9519\u4f4d\u76f8\u51cf\u6cd5\uff0c\u7528\u4e0b\u5f0f \\(2 T(h)\\) \u51cf\u53bb\u4e0a\u5f0f \\(T(h)\\) \uff0c\u53ef\u5f97\uff1a

    \\[ 2T(h) - T(h) = T(h) = -2^0h + 2^1 + 2^2 + \\dots + 2^{h-1} + 2^h \\]

    \u89c2\u5bdf\u4e0a\u5f0f\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0 \\(T(h)\\) \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b49\u6bd4\u6570\u5217\uff0c\u53ef\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u6c42\u548c\u516c\u5f0f\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a\uff1a

    \\[ \\begin{aligned} T(h) & = 2 \\frac{1 - 2^h}{1 - 2} - h \\newline & = 2^{h+1} - h - 2 \\newline & = O(2^h) \\end{aligned} \\]

    \u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(h\\) \u7684\u5b8c\u7f8e\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf\u4e3a \\(n = 2^{h+1} - 1\\) \uff0c\u6613\u5f97\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(2^h) = O(n)\\) \u3002\u4ee5\u4e0a\u63a8\u7b97\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u8f93\u5165\u5217\u8868\u5e76\u5efa\u5806\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n)\\) \uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u9ad8\u6548\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_heap/heap/","title":"8.1 \u00a0 \u5806","text":"

    \u300c\u5806 heap\u300d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6ee1\u8db3\u7279\u5b9a\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u5b8c\u5168\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u5982\u56fe 8-1 \u6240\u793a\u3002

    • \u300c\u5c0f\u9876\u5806 min heap\u300d\uff1a\u4efb\u610f\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u503c \\(\\leq\\) \u5176\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u503c\u3002
    • \u300c\u5927\u9876\u5806 max heap\u300d\uff1a\u4efb\u610f\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u503c \\(\\geq\\) \u5176\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u503c\u3002

    \u56fe 8-1 \u00a0 \u5c0f\u9876\u5806\u4e0e\u5927\u9876\u5806

    \u5806\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5b8c\u5168\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u4f8b\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7279\u6027\u3002

    • \u6700\u5e95\u5c42\u8282\u70b9\u9760\u5de6\u586b\u5145\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u5c42\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u88ab\u586b\u6ee1\u3002
    • \u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u5806\u9876\u201d\uff0c\u5c06\u5e95\u5c42\u6700\u9760\u53f3\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u5806\u5e95\u201d\u3002
    • \u5bf9\u4e8e\u5927\u9876\u5806\uff08\u5c0f\u9876\u5806\uff09\uff0c\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\uff08\u6839\u8282\u70b9\uff09\u7684\u503c\u662f\u6700\u5927\uff08\u6700\u5c0f\uff09\u7684\u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_heap/heap/#811","title":"8.1.1 \u00a0 \u5806\u7684\u5e38\u7528\u64cd\u4f5c","text":"

    \u9700\u8981\u6307\u51fa\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u662f\u300c\u4f18\u5148\u961f\u5217 priority queue\u300d\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u5177\u6709\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u961f\u5217\u3002

    \u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u5806\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0\u4f18\u5148\u961f\u5217\uff0c\u5927\u9876\u5806\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u5143\u7d20\u6309\u4ece\u5927\u5230\u5c0f\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u51fa\u961f\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u961f\u5217\u3002\u4ece\u4f7f\u7528\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u201c\u4f18\u5148\u961f\u5217\u201d\u548c\u201c\u5806\u201d\u770b\u4f5c\u7b49\u4ef7\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u672c\u4e66\u5bf9\u4e24\u8005\u4e0d\u505a\u7279\u522b\u533a\u5206\uff0c\u7edf\u4e00\u79f0\u4f5c\u201c\u5806\u201d\u3002

    \u5806\u7684\u5e38\u7528\u64cd\u4f5c\u89c1\u8868 8-1 \uff0c\u65b9\u6cd5\u540d\u9700\u8981\u6839\u636e\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u6765\u786e\u5b9a\u3002

    \u8868 8-1 \u00a0 \u5806\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u6548\u7387

    \u65b9\u6cd5\u540d \u63cf\u8ff0 \u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 push() \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806 \\(O(\\log n)\\) pop() \u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806 \\(O(\\log n)\\) peek() \u8bbf\u95ee\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\uff08\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5927 / \u5c0f\u9876\u5806\u5206\u522b\u4e3a\u6700\u5927 / \u5c0f\u503c\uff09 \\(O(1)\\) size() \u83b7\u53d6\u5806\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf \\(O(1)\\) isEmpty() \u5224\u65ad\u5806\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a \\(O(1)\\)

    \u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u5806\u7c7b\uff08\u6216\u4f18\u5148\u961f\u5217\u7c7b\uff09\u3002

    \u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u4ece\u5c0f\u5230\u5927\u6392\u5217\u201d\u548c\u201c\u4ece\u5927\u5230\u5c0f\u6392\u5217\u201d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e00\u4e2a flag \u6216\u4fee\u6539 Comparator \u5b9e\u73b0\u201c\u5c0f\u9876\u5806\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u5927\u9876\u5806\u201d\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\u3002\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig heap.py
    # \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5c0f\u9876\u5806\nmin_heap, flag = [], 1\n# \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5927\u9876\u5806\nmax_heap, flag = [], -1\n\n# Python \u7684 heapq \u6a21\u5757\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5b9e\u73b0\u5c0f\u9876\u5806\n# \u8003\u8651\u5c06\u201c\u5143\u7d20\u53d6\u8d1f\u201d\u540e\u518d\u5165\u5806\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u5927\u5c0f\u5173\u7cfb\u98a0\u5012\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5b9e\u73b0\u5927\u9876\u5806\n# \u5728\u672c\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0cflag = 1 \u65f6\u5bf9\u5e94\u5c0f\u9876\u5806\uff0cflag = -1 \u65f6\u5bf9\u5e94\u5927\u9876\u5806\n\n# \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806\nheapq.heappush(max_heap, flag * 1)\nheapq.heappush(max_heap, flag * 3)\nheapq.heappush(max_heap, flag * 2)\nheapq.heappush(max_heap, flag * 5)\nheapq.heappush(max_heap, flag * 4)\n\n# \u83b7\u53d6\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\npeek: int = flag * max_heap[0] # 5\n\n# \u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806\n# \u51fa\u5806\u5143\u7d20\u4f1a\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ece\u5927\u5230\u5c0f\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\nval = flag * heapq.heappop(max_heap) # 5\nval = flag * heapq.heappop(max_heap) # 4\nval = flag * heapq.heappop(max_heap) # 3\nval = flag * heapq.heappop(max_heap) # 2\nval = flag * heapq.heappop(max_heap) # 1\n\n# \u83b7\u53d6\u5806\u5927\u5c0f\nsize: int = len(max_heap)\n\n# \u5224\u65ad\u5806\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a\nis_empty: bool = not max_heap\n\n# \u8f93\u5165\u5217\u8868\u5e76\u5efa\u5806\nmin_heap: list[int] = [1, 3, 2, 5, 4]\nheapq.heapify(min_heap)\n
    heap.cpp
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5806 */\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5c0f\u9876\u5806\npriority_queue<int, vector<int>, greater<int>> minHeap;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5927\u9876\u5806\npriority_queue<int, vector<int>, less<int>> maxHeap;\n\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806 */\nmaxHeap.push(1);\nmaxHeap.push(3);\nmaxHeap.push(2);\nmaxHeap.push(5);\nmaxHeap.push(4);\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\nint peek = maxHeap.top(); // 5\n\n/* \u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806 */\n// \u51fa\u5806\u5143\u7d20\u4f1a\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ece\u5927\u5230\u5c0f\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\nmaxHeap.pop(); // 5\nmaxHeap.pop(); // 4\nmaxHeap.pop(); // 3\nmaxHeap.pop(); // 2\nmaxHeap.pop(); // 1\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u5806\u5927\u5c0f */\nint size = maxHeap.size();\n\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u5806\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nbool isEmpty = maxHeap.empty();\n\n/* \u8f93\u5165\u5217\u8868\u5e76\u5efa\u5806 */\nvector<int> input{1, 3, 2, 5, 4};\npriority_queue<int, vector<int>, greater<int>> minHeap(input.begin(), input.end());\n
    heap.java
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5806 */\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5c0f\u9876\u5806\nQueue<Integer> minHeap = new PriorityQueue<>();\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5927\u9876\u5806\uff08\u4f7f\u7528 lambda \u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u4fee\u6539 Comparator \u5373\u53ef\uff09\nQueue<Integer> maxHeap = new PriorityQueue<>((a, b) -> b - a);\n\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806 */\nmaxHeap.offer(1);\nmaxHeap.offer(3);\nmaxHeap.offer(2);\nmaxHeap.offer(5);\nmaxHeap.offer(4);\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\nint peek = maxHeap.peek(); // 5\n\n/* \u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806 */\n// \u51fa\u5806\u5143\u7d20\u4f1a\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ece\u5927\u5230\u5c0f\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\npeek = maxHeap.poll(); // 5\npeek = maxHeap.poll(); // 4\npeek = maxHeap.poll(); // 3\npeek = maxHeap.poll(); // 2\npeek = maxHeap.poll(); // 1\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u5806\u5927\u5c0f */\nint size = maxHeap.size();\n\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u5806\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nboolean isEmpty = maxHeap.isEmpty();\n\n/* \u8f93\u5165\u5217\u8868\u5e76\u5efa\u5806 */\nminHeap = new PriorityQueue<>(Arrays.asList(1, 3, 2, 5, 4));\n
    heap.cs
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5806 */\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5c0f\u9876\u5806\nPriorityQueue<int, int> minHeap = new();\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5927\u9876\u5806\uff08\u4f7f\u7528 lambda \u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u4fee\u6539 Comparator \u5373\u53ef\uff09\nPriorityQueue<int, int> maxHeap = new(Comparer<int>.Create((x, y) => y - x));\n\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806 */\nmaxHeap.Enqueue(1, 1);\nmaxHeap.Enqueue(3, 3);\nmaxHeap.Enqueue(2, 2);\nmaxHeap.Enqueue(5, 5);\nmaxHeap.Enqueue(4, 4);\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\nint peek = maxHeap.Peek();//5\n\n/* \u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806 */\n// \u51fa\u5806\u5143\u7d20\u4f1a\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ece\u5927\u5230\u5c0f\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\npeek = maxHeap.Dequeue();  // 5\npeek = maxHeap.Dequeue();  // 4\npeek = maxHeap.Dequeue();  // 3\npeek = maxHeap.Dequeue();  // 2\npeek = maxHeap.Dequeue();  // 1\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u5806\u5927\u5c0f */\nint size = maxHeap.Count;\n\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u5806\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nbool isEmpty = maxHeap.Count == 0;\n\n/* \u8f93\u5165\u5217\u8868\u5e76\u5efa\u5806 */\nminHeap = new PriorityQueue<int, int>([(1, 1), (3, 3), (2, 2), (5, 5), (4, 4)]);\n
    heap.go
    // Go \u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9e\u73b0 heap.Interface \u6765\u6784\u5efa\u6574\u6570\u5927\u9876\u5806\n// \u5b9e\u73b0 heap.Interface \u9700\u8981\u540c\u65f6\u5b9e\u73b0 sort.Interface\ntype intHeap []any\n\n// Push heap.Interface \u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u63a8\u5165\u5143\u7d20\u5230\u5806\nfunc (h *intHeap) Push(x any) {\n    // Push \u548c Pop \u4f7f\u7528 pointer receiver \u4f5c\u4e3a\u53c2\u6570\n    // \u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4f1a\u5bf9\u5207\u7247\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u8fdb\u884c\u8c03\u6574\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u4fee\u6539\u5207\u7247\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u3002\n    *h = append(*h, x.(int))\n}\n\n// Pop heap.Interface \u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u5f39\u51fa\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\nfunc (h *intHeap) Pop() any {\n    // \u5f85\u51fa\u5806\u5143\u7d20\u5b58\u653e\u5728\u6700\u540e\n    last := (*h)[len(*h)-1]\n    *h = (*h)[:len(*h)-1]\n    return last\n}\n\n// Len sort.Interface \u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\nfunc (h *intHeap) Len() int {\n    return len(*h)\n}\n\n// Less sort.Interface \u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\nfunc (h *intHeap) Less(i, j int) bool {\n    // \u5982\u679c\u5b9e\u73b0\u5c0f\u9876\u5806\uff0c\u5219\u9700\u8981\u8c03\u6574\u4e3a\u5c0f\u4e8e\u53f7\n    return (*h)[i].(int) > (*h)[j].(int)\n}\n\n// Swap sort.Interface \u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\nfunc (h *intHeap) Swap(i, j int) {\n    (*h)[i], (*h)[j] = (*h)[j], (*h)[i]\n}\n\n// Top \u83b7\u53d6\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\nfunc (h *intHeap) Top() any {\n    return (*h)[0]\n}\n\n/* Driver Code */\nfunc TestHeap(t *testing.T) {\n    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5806 */\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5927\u9876\u5806\n    maxHeap := &intHeap{}\n    heap.Init(maxHeap)\n    /* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806 */\n    // \u8c03\u7528 heap.Interface \u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6765\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20\n    heap.Push(maxHeap, 1)\n    heap.Push(maxHeap, 3)\n    heap.Push(maxHeap, 2)\n    heap.Push(maxHeap, 4)\n    heap.Push(maxHeap, 5)\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\n    top := maxHeap.Top()\n    fmt.Printf(\"\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\u4e3a %d\\n\", top)\n\n    /* \u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806 */\n    // \u8c03\u7528 heap.Interface \u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6765\u79fb\u9664\u5143\u7d20\n    heap.Pop(maxHeap) // 5\n    heap.Pop(maxHeap) // 4\n    heap.Pop(maxHeap) // 3\n    heap.Pop(maxHeap) // 2\n    heap.Pop(maxHeap) // 1\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u5806\u5927\u5c0f */\n    size := len(*maxHeap)\n    fmt.Printf(\"\u5806\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u4e3a %d\\n\", size)\n\n    /* \u5224\u65ad\u5806\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\n    isEmpty := len(*maxHeap) == 0\n    fmt.Printf(\"\u5806\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a %t\\n\", isEmpty)\n}\n
    heap.swift
    // Swift \u672a\u63d0\u4f9b\u5185\u7f6e Heap \u7c7b\n
    heap.js
    // JavaScript \u672a\u63d0\u4f9b\u5185\u7f6e Heap \u7c7b\n
    heap.ts
    // TypeScript \u672a\u63d0\u4f9b\u5185\u7f6e Heap \u7c7b\n
    heap.dart
    // Dart \u672a\u63d0\u4f9b\u5185\u7f6e Heap \u7c7b\n
    heap.rs
    use std::collections::BinaryHeap;\nuse std::cmp::Reverse;\n\n/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5806 */\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5c0f\u9876\u5806\nlet mut min_heap = BinaryHeap::<Reverse<i32>>::new();\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5927\u9876\u5806\nlet mut max_heap = BinaryHeap::new();\n\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806 */\nmax_heap.push(1);\nmax_heap.push(3);\nmax_heap.push(2);\nmax_heap.push(5);\nmax_heap.push(4);\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\nlet peek = max_heap.peek().unwrap();  // 5\n\n/* \u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806 */\n// \u51fa\u5806\u5143\u7d20\u4f1a\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ece\u5927\u5230\u5c0f\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\nlet peek = max_heap.pop().unwrap();   // 5\nlet peek = max_heap.pop().unwrap();   // 4\nlet peek = max_heap.pop().unwrap();   // 3\nlet peek = max_heap.pop().unwrap();   // 2\nlet peek = max_heap.pop().unwrap();   // 1\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u5806\u5927\u5c0f */\nlet size = max_heap.len();\n\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u5806\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nlet is_empty = max_heap.is_empty();\n\n/* \u8f93\u5165\u5217\u8868\u5e76\u5efa\u5806 */\nlet min_heap = BinaryHeap::from(vec![Reverse(1), Reverse(3), Reverse(2), Reverse(5), Reverse(4)]);\n
    heap.c
    // C \u672a\u63d0\u4f9b\u5185\u7f6e Heap \u7c7b\n
    heap.zig
    \n
    "},{"location":"chapter_heap/heap/#812","title":"8.1.2 \u00a0 \u5806\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0","text":"

    \u4e0b\u6587\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u662f\u5927\u9876\u5806\u3002\u82e5\u8981\u5c06\u5176\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u5c0f\u9876\u5806\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u5927\u5c0f\u903b\u8f91\u5224\u65ad\u53d6\u9006\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5c06 \\(\\geq\\) \u66ff\u6362\u4e3a \\(\\leq\\) \uff09\u3002\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u8bfb\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u884c\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_heap/heap/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u5806\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u4e0e\u8868\u793a","text":"

    \u201c\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u201d\u7ae0\u8282\u8bb2\u8fc7\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u975e\u5e38\u9002\u5408\u7528\u6570\u7ec4\u6765\u8868\u793a\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5806\u6b63\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5b8c\u5168\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u91c7\u7528\u6570\u7ec4\u6765\u5b58\u50a8\u5806\u3002

    \u5f53\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u65f6\uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u4ee3\u8868\u8282\u70b9\u503c\uff0c\u7d22\u5f15\u4ee3\u8868\u8282\u70b9\u5728\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u4e2d\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u8282\u70b9\u6307\u9488\u901a\u8fc7\u7d22\u5f15\u6620\u5c04\u516c\u5f0f\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002

    \u5982\u56fe 8-2 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7d22\u5f15 \\(i\\) \uff0c\u5176\u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a \\(2i + 1\\) \uff0c\u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a \\(2i + 2\\) \uff0c\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a \\((i - 1) / 2\\)\uff08\u5411\u4e0b\u6574\u9664\uff09\u3002\u5f53\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\u65f6\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u7a7a\u8282\u70b9\u6216\u8282\u70b9\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u3002

    \u56fe 8-2 \u00a0 \u5806\u7684\u8868\u793a\u4e0e\u5b58\u50a8

    \u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u7d22\u5f15\u6620\u5c04\u516c\u5f0f\u5c01\u88c5\u6210\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u65b9\u4fbf\u540e\u7eed\u4f7f\u7528\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig my_heap.py
    def left(self, i: int) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u83b7\u53d6\u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\"\"\"\n    return 2 * i + 1\n\ndef right(self, i: int) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u83b7\u53d6\u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\"\"\"\n    return 2 * i + 2\n\ndef parent(self, i: int) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u83b7\u53d6\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\"\"\"\n    return (i - 1) // 2  # \u5411\u4e0b\u6574\u9664\n
    my_heap.cpp
    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\nint left(int i) {\n    return 2 * i + 1;\n}\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\nint right(int i) {\n    return 2 * i + 2;\n}\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\nint parent(int i) {\n    return (i - 1) / 2; // \u5411\u4e0b\u6574\u9664\n}\n
    my_heap.java
    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\nint left(int i) {\n    return 2 * i + 1;\n}\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\nint right(int i) {\n    return 2 * i + 2;\n}\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\nint parent(int i) {\n    return (i - 1) / 2; // \u5411\u4e0b\u6574\u9664\n}\n
    my_heap.cs
    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\nint Left(int i) {\n    return 2 * i + 1;\n}\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\nint Right(int i) {\n    return 2 * i + 2;\n}\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\nint Parent(int i) {\n    return (i - 1) / 2; // \u5411\u4e0b\u6574\u9664\n}\n
    my_heap.go
    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\nfunc (h *maxHeap) left(i int) int {\n    return 2*i + 1\n}\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\nfunc (h *maxHeap) right(i int) int {\n    return 2*i + 2\n}\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\nfunc (h *maxHeap) parent(i int) int {\n    // \u5411\u4e0b\u6574\u9664\n    return (i - 1) / 2\n}\n
    my_heap.swift
    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\nfunc left(i: Int) -> Int {\n    2 * i + 1\n}\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\nfunc right(i: Int) -> Int {\n    2 * i + 2\n}\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\nfunc parent(i: Int) -> Int {\n    (i - 1) / 2 // \u5411\u4e0b\u6574\u9664\n}\n
    my_heap.js
    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\n#left(i) {\n    return 2 * i + 1;\n}\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\n#right(i) {\n    return 2 * i + 2;\n}\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\n#parent(i) {\n    return Math.floor((i - 1) / 2); // \u5411\u4e0b\u6574\u9664\n}\n
    my_heap.ts
    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\nleft(i: number): number {\n    return 2 * i + 1;\n}\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\nright(i: number): number {\n    return 2 * i + 2;\n}\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\nparent(i: number): number {\n    return Math.floor((i - 1) / 2); // \u5411\u4e0b\u6574\u9664\n}\n
    my_heap.dart
    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\nint _left(int i) {\n  return 2 * i + 1;\n}\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\nint _right(int i) {\n  return 2 * i + 2;\n}\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\nint _parent(int i) {\n  return (i - 1) ~/ 2; // \u5411\u4e0b\u6574\u9664\n}\n
    my_heap.rs
    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\nfn left(i: usize) -> usize {\n    2 * i + 1\n}\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\nfn right(i: usize) -> usize {\n    2 * i + 2\n}\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\nfn parent(i: usize) -> usize {\n    (i - 1) / 2 // \u5411\u4e0b\u6574\u9664\n}\n
    my_heap.c
    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\nint left(MaxHeap *maxHeap, int i) {\n    return 2 * i + 1;\n}\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\nint right(MaxHeap *maxHeap, int i) {\n    return 2 * i + 2;\n}\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\nint parent(MaxHeap *maxHeap, int i) {\n    return (i - 1) / 2;\n}\n
    my_heap.zig
    // \u83b7\u53d6\u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\nfn left(i: usize) usize {\n    return 2 * i + 1;\n}\n\n// \u83b7\u53d6\u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\nfn right(i: usize) usize {\n    return 2 * i + 2;\n}\n\n// \u83b7\u53d6\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\nfn parent(i: usize) usize {\n    // return (i - 1) / 2; // \u5411\u4e0b\u6574\u9664\n    return @divFloor(i - 1, 2);\n}\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_heap/heap/#2","title":"2. \u00a0 \u8bbf\u95ee\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20","text":"

    \u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\u5373\u4e3a\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5217\u8868\u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig my_heap.py
    def peek(self) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u8bbf\u95ee\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\"\"\"\n    return self.max_heap[0]\n
    my_heap.cpp
    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\nint peek() {\n    return maxHeap[0];\n}\n
    my_heap.java
    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\nint peek() {\n    return maxHeap.get(0);\n}\n
    my_heap.cs
    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\nint Peek() {\n    return maxHeap[0];\n}\n
    my_heap.go
    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunc (h *maxHeap) peek() any {\n    return h.data[0]\n}\n
    my_heap.swift
    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunc peek() -> Int {\n    maxHeap[0]\n}\n
    my_heap.js
    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\npeek() {\n    return this.#maxHeap[0];\n}\n
    my_heap.ts
    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\npeek(): number {\n    return this.maxHeap[0];\n}\n
    my_heap.dart
    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\nint peek() {\n  return _maxHeap[0];\n}\n
    my_heap.rs
    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\nfn peek(&self) -> Option<i32> {\n    self.max_heap.first().copied()\n}\n
    my_heap.c
    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\nint peek(MaxHeap *maxHeap) {\n    return maxHeap->data[0];\n}\n
    my_heap.zig
    // \u8bbf\u95ee\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\nfn peek(self: *Self) T {\n    return self.max_heap.?.items[0];\n}  \n
    "},{"location":"chapter_heap/heap/#3","title":"3. \u00a0 \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806","text":"

    \u7ed9\u5b9a\u5143\u7d20 val \uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9996\u5148\u5c06\u5176\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u5806\u5e95\u3002\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e val \u53ef\u80fd\u5927\u4e8e\u5806\u4e2d\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5806\u7684\u6210\u7acb\u6761\u4ef6\u53ef\u80fd\u5df2\u88ab\u7834\u574f\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u4fee\u590d\u4ece\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\u5230\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u4e0a\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u300c\u5806\u5316 heapify\u300d\u3002

    \u8003\u8651\u4ece\u5165\u5806\u8282\u70b9\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u5e95\u81f3\u9876\u6267\u884c\u5806\u5316\u3002\u5982\u56fe 8-3 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6bd4\u8f83\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\u4e0e\u5176\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\u66f4\u5927\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u4ea4\u6362\u3002\u7136\u540e\u7ee7\u7eed\u6267\u884c\u6b64\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ece\u5e95\u81f3\u9876\u4fee\u590d\u5806\u4e2d\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u8d8a\u8fc7\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u6216\u9047\u5230\u65e0\u987b\u4ea4\u6362\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u65f6\u7ed3\u675f\u3002

    <1><2><3><4><5><6><7><8><9>

    \u56fe 8-3 \u00a0 \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806\u6b65\u9aa4

    \u8bbe\u8282\u70b9\u603b\u6570\u4e3a \\(n\\) \uff0c\u5219\u6811\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(\\log n)\\) \u3002\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u77e5\uff0c\u5806\u5316\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u5faa\u73af\u8f6e\u6570\u6700\u591a\u4e3a \\(O(\\log n)\\) \uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(\\log n)\\) \u3002\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig my_heap.py
    def push(self, val: int):\n    \"\"\"\u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806\"\"\"\n    # \u6dfb\u52a0\u8282\u70b9\n    self.max_heap.append(val)\n    # \u4ece\u5e95\u81f3\u9876\u5806\u5316\n    self.sift_up(self.size() - 1)\n\ndef sift_up(self, i: int):\n    \"\"\"\u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u5e95\u81f3\u9876\u5806\u5316\"\"\"\n    while True:\n        # \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9 i \u7684\u7236\u8282\u70b9\n        p = self.parent(i)\n        # \u5f53\u201c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u201d\u6216\u201c\u8282\u70b9\u65e0\u987b\u4fee\u590d\u201d\u65f6\uff0c\u7ed3\u675f\u5806\u5316\n        if p < 0 or self.max_heap[i] <= self.max_heap[p]:\n            break\n        # \u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\n        self.swap(i, p)\n        # \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0a\u5806\u5316\n        i = p\n
    my_heap.cpp
    /* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806 */\nvoid push(int val) {\n    // \u6dfb\u52a0\u8282\u70b9\n    maxHeap.push_back(val);\n    // \u4ece\u5e95\u81f3\u9876\u5806\u5316\n    siftUp(size() - 1);\n}\n\n/* \u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u5e95\u81f3\u9876\u5806\u5316 */\nvoid siftUp(int i) {\n    while (true) {\n        // \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9 i \u7684\u7236\u8282\u70b9\n        int p = parent(i);\n        // \u5f53\u201c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u201d\u6216\u201c\u8282\u70b9\u65e0\u987b\u4fee\u590d\u201d\u65f6\uff0c\u7ed3\u675f\u5806\u5316\n        if (p < 0 || maxHeap[i] <= maxHeap[p])\n            break;\n        // \u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\n        swap(maxHeap[i], maxHeap[p]);\n        // \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0a\u5806\u5316\n        i = p;\n    }\n}\n
    my_heap.java
    /* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806 */\nvoid push(int val) {\n    // \u6dfb\u52a0\u8282\u70b9\n    maxHeap.add(val);\n    // \u4ece\u5e95\u81f3\u9876\u5806\u5316\n    siftUp(size() - 1);\n}\n\n/* \u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u5e95\u81f3\u9876\u5806\u5316 */\nvoid siftUp(int i) {\n    while (true) {\n        // \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9 i \u7684\u7236\u8282\u70b9\n        int p = parent(i);\n        // \u5f53\u201c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u201d\u6216\u201c\u8282\u70b9\u65e0\u987b\u4fee\u590d\u201d\u65f6\uff0c\u7ed3\u675f\u5806\u5316\n        if (p < 0 || maxHeap.get(i) <= maxHeap.get(p))\n            break;\n        // \u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\n        swap(i, p);\n        // \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0a\u5806\u5316\n        i = p;\n    }\n}\n
    my_heap.cs
    /* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806 */\nvoid Push(int val) {\n    // \u6dfb\u52a0\u8282\u70b9\n    maxHeap.Add(val);\n    // \u4ece\u5e95\u81f3\u9876\u5806\u5316\n    SiftUp(Size() - 1);\n}\n\n/* \u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u5e95\u81f3\u9876\u5806\u5316 */\nvoid SiftUp(int i) {\n    while (true) {\n        // \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9 i \u7684\u7236\u8282\u70b9\n        int p = Parent(i);\n        // \u82e5\u201c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u201d\u6216\u201c\u8282\u70b9\u65e0\u987b\u4fee\u590d\u201d\uff0c\u5219\u7ed3\u675f\u5806\u5316\n        if (p < 0 || maxHeap[i] <= maxHeap[p])\n            break;\n        // \u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\n        Swap(i, p);\n        // \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0a\u5806\u5316\n        i = p;\n    }\n}\n
    my_heap.go
    /* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806 */\nfunc (h *maxHeap) push(val any) {\n    // \u6dfb\u52a0\u8282\u70b9\n    h.data = append(h.data, val)\n    // \u4ece\u5e95\u81f3\u9876\u5806\u5316\n    h.siftUp(len(h.data) - 1)\n}\n\n/* \u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u5e95\u81f3\u9876\u5806\u5316 */\nfunc (h *maxHeap) siftUp(i int) {\n    for true {\n        // \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9 i \u7684\u7236\u8282\u70b9\n        p := h.parent(i)\n        // \u5f53\u201c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u201d\u6216\u201c\u8282\u70b9\u65e0\u987b\u4fee\u590d\u201d\u65f6\uff0c\u7ed3\u675f\u5806\u5316\n        if p < 0 || h.data[i].(int) <= h.data[p].(int) {\n            break\n        }\n        // \u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\n        h.swap(i, p)\n        // \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0a\u5806\u5316\n        i = p\n    }\n}\n
    my_heap.swift
    /* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806 */\nfunc push(val: Int) {\n    // \u6dfb\u52a0\u8282\u70b9\n    maxHeap.append(val)\n    // \u4ece\u5e95\u81f3\u9876\u5806\u5316\n    siftUp(i: size() - 1)\n}\n\n/* \u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u5e95\u81f3\u9876\u5806\u5316 */\nfunc siftUp(i: Int) {\n    var i = i\n    while true {\n        // \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9 i \u7684\u7236\u8282\u70b9\n        let p = parent(i: i)\n        // \u5f53\u201c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u201d\u6216\u201c\u8282\u70b9\u65e0\u987b\u4fee\u590d\u201d\u65f6\uff0c\u7ed3\u675f\u5806\u5316\n        if p < 0 || maxHeap[i] <= maxHeap[p] {\n            break\n        }\n        // \u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\n        swap(i: i, j: p)\n        // \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0a\u5806\u5316\n        i = p\n    }\n}\n
    my_heap.js
    /* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806 */\npush(val) {\n    // \u6dfb\u52a0\u8282\u70b9\n    this.#maxHeap.push(val);\n    // \u4ece\u5e95\u81f3\u9876\u5806\u5316\n    this.#siftUp(this.size() - 1);\n}\n\n/* \u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u5e95\u81f3\u9876\u5806\u5316 */\n#siftUp(i) {\n    while (true) {\n        // \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9 i \u7684\u7236\u8282\u70b9\n        const p = this.#parent(i);\n        // \u5f53\u201c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u201d\u6216\u201c\u8282\u70b9\u65e0\u987b\u4fee\u590d\u201d\u65f6\uff0c\u7ed3\u675f\u5806\u5316\n        if (p < 0 || this.#maxHeap[i] <= this.#maxHeap[p]) break;\n        // \u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\n        this.#swap(i, p);\n        // \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0a\u5806\u5316\n        i = p;\n    }\n}\n
    my_heap.ts
    /* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806 */\npush(val: number): void {\n    // \u6dfb\u52a0\u8282\u70b9\n    this.maxHeap.push(val);\n    // \u4ece\u5e95\u81f3\u9876\u5806\u5316\n    this.siftUp(this.size() - 1);\n}\n\n/* \u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u5e95\u81f3\u9876\u5806\u5316 */\nsiftUp(i: number): void {\n    while (true) {\n        // \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9 i \u7684\u7236\u8282\u70b9\n        const p = this.parent(i);\n        // \u5f53\u201c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u201d\u6216\u201c\u8282\u70b9\u65e0\u987b\u4fee\u590d\u201d\u65f6\uff0c\u7ed3\u675f\u5806\u5316\n        if (p < 0 || this.maxHeap[i] <= this.maxHeap[p]) break;\n        // \u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\n        this.swap(i, p);\n        // \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0a\u5806\u5316\n        i = p;\n    }\n}\n
    my_heap.dart
    /* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806 */\nvoid push(int val) {\n  // \u6dfb\u52a0\u8282\u70b9\n  _maxHeap.add(val);\n  // \u4ece\u5e95\u81f3\u9876\u5806\u5316\n  siftUp(size() - 1);\n}\n\n/* \u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u5e95\u81f3\u9876\u5806\u5316 */\nvoid siftUp(int i) {\n  while (true) {\n    // \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9 i \u7684\u7236\u8282\u70b9\n    int p = _parent(i);\n    // \u5f53\u201c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u201d\u6216\u201c\u8282\u70b9\u65e0\u987b\u4fee\u590d\u201d\u65f6\uff0c\u7ed3\u675f\u5806\u5316\n    if (p < 0 || _maxHeap[i] <= _maxHeap[p]) {\n      break;\n    }\n    // \u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\n    _swap(i, p);\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0a\u5806\u5316\n    i = p;\n  }\n}\n
    my_heap.rs
    /* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806 */\nfn push(&mut self, val: i32) {\n    // \u6dfb\u52a0\u8282\u70b9\n    self.max_heap.push(val);\n    // \u4ece\u5e95\u81f3\u9876\u5806\u5316\n    self.sift_up(self.size() - 1);\n}\n\n/* \u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u5e95\u81f3\u9876\u5806\u5316 */\nfn sift_up(&mut self, mut i: usize) {\n    loop {\n        // \u8282\u70b9 i \u5df2\u7ecf\u662f\u5806\u9876\u8282\u70b9\u4e86\uff0c\u7ed3\u675f\u5806\u5316\n        if i == 0 {\n            break;\n        }\n        // \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9 i \u7684\u7236\u8282\u70b9\n        let p = Self::parent(i);\n        // \u5f53\u201c\u8282\u70b9\u65e0\u987b\u4fee\u590d\u201d\u65f6\uff0c\u7ed3\u675f\u5806\u5316\n        if self.max_heap[i] <= self.max_heap[p] {\n            break;\n        }\n        // \u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\n        self.swap(i, p);\n        // \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0a\u5806\u5316\n        i = p;\n    }\n}\n
    my_heap.c
    /* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806 */\nvoid push(MaxHeap *maxHeap, int val) {\n    // \u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u6dfb\u52a0\u8fd9\u4e48\u591a\u8282\u70b9\n    if (maxHeap->size == MAX_SIZE) {\n        printf(\"heap is full!\");\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u6dfb\u52a0\u8282\u70b9\n    maxHeap->data[maxHeap->size] = val;\n    maxHeap->size++;\n\n    // \u4ece\u5e95\u81f3\u9876\u5806\u5316\n    siftUp(maxHeap, maxHeap->size - 1);\n}\n\n/* \u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u5e95\u81f3\u9876\u5806\u5316 */\nvoid siftUp(MaxHeap *maxHeap, int i) {\n    while (true) {\n        // \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9 i \u7684\u7236\u8282\u70b9\n        int p = parent(maxHeap, i);\n        // \u5f53\u201c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u201d\u6216\u201c\u8282\u70b9\u65e0\u987b\u4fee\u590d\u201d\u65f6\uff0c\u7ed3\u675f\u5806\u5316\n        if (p < 0 || maxHeap->data[i] <= maxHeap->data[p]) {\n            break;\n        }\n        // \u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\n        swap(maxHeap, i, p);\n        // \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0a\u5806\u5316\n        i = p;\n    }\n}\n
    my_heap.zig
    // \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806\nfn push(self: *Self, val: T) !void {\n    // \u6dfb\u52a0\u8282\u70b9\n    try self.max_heap.?.append(val);\n    // \u4ece\u5e95\u81f3\u9876\u5806\u5316\n    try self.siftUp(self.size() - 1);\n}  \n\n// \u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u5e95\u81f3\u9876\u5806\u5316\nfn siftUp(self: *Self, i_: usize) !void {\n    var i = i_;\n    while (true) {\n        // \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9 i \u7684\u7236\u8282\u70b9\n        var p = parent(i);\n        // \u5f53\u201c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u201d\u6216\u201c\u8282\u70b9\u65e0\u987b\u4fee\u590d\u201d\u65f6\uff0c\u7ed3\u675f\u5806\u5316\n        if (p < 0 or self.max_heap.?.items[i] <= self.max_heap.?.items[p]) break;\n        // \u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\n        try self.swap(i, p);\n        // \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0a\u5806\u5316\n        i = p;\n    }\n}\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_heap/heap/#4","title":"4. \u00a0 \u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806","text":"

    \u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\u662f\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5373\u5217\u8868\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u76f4\u63a5\u4ece\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u9996\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u90fd\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c06\u4f7f\u5f97\u540e\u7eed\u4f7f\u7528\u5806\u5316\u8fdb\u884c\u4fee\u590d\u53d8\u5f97\u56f0\u96be\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u5c3d\u91cf\u51cf\u5c11\u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u53d8\u52a8\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u91c7\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u64cd\u4f5c\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002

    1. \u4ea4\u6362\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5806\u5e95\u5143\u7d20\uff08\u4ea4\u6362\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e0e\u6700\u53f3\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\uff09\u3002
    2. \u4ea4\u6362\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u5c06\u5806\u5e95\u4ece\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\uff08\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5df2\u7ecf\u4ea4\u6362\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5220\u9664\u7684\u662f\u539f\u6765\u7684\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\uff09\u3002
    3. \u4ece\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u6267\u884c\u5806\u5316\u3002

    \u5982\u56fe 8-4 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u201c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316\u201d\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u65b9\u5411\u4e0e\u201c\u4ece\u5e95\u81f3\u9876\u5806\u5316\u201d\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u503c\u4e0e\u5176\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u503c\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0c\u5c06\u6700\u5927\u7684\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u4e0e\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4ea4\u6362\u3002\u7136\u540e\u5faa\u73af\u6267\u884c\u6b64\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u6216\u9047\u5230\u65e0\u987b\u4ea4\u6362\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u65f6\u7ed3\u675f\u3002

    <1><2><3><4><5><6><7><8><9><10>

    \u56fe 8-4 \u00a0 \u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806\u6b65\u9aa4

    \u4e0e\u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806\u64cd\u4f5c\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e5f\u4e3a \\(O(\\log n)\\) \u3002\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig my_heap.py
    def pop(self) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806\"\"\"\n    # \u5224\u7a7a\u5904\u7406\n    if self.is_empty():\n        raise IndexError(\"\u5806\u4e3a\u7a7a\")\n    # \u4ea4\u6362\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e0e\u6700\u53f3\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u4ea4\u6362\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\uff09\n    self.swap(0, self.size() - 1)\n    # \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\n    val = self.max_heap.pop()\n    # \u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316\n    self.sift_down(0)\n    # \u8fd4\u56de\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\n    return val\n\ndef sift_down(self, i: int):\n    \"\"\"\u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316\"\"\"\n    while True:\n        # \u5224\u65ad\u8282\u70b9 i, l, r \u4e2d\u503c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a ma\n        l, r, ma = self.left(i), self.right(i), i\n        if l < self.size() and self.max_heap[l] > self.max_heap[ma]:\n            ma = l\n        if r < self.size() and self.max_heap[r] > self.max_heap[ma]:\n            ma = r\n        # \u82e5\u8282\u70b9 i \u6700\u5927\u6216\u7d22\u5f15 l, r \u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u65e0\u987b\u7ee7\u7eed\u5806\u5316\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\n        if ma == i:\n            break\n        # \u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\n        self.swap(i, ma)\n        # \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0b\u5806\u5316\n        i = ma\n
    my_heap.cpp
    /* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806 */\nvoid pop() {\n    // \u5224\u7a7a\u5904\u7406\n    if (isEmpty()) {\n        throw out_of_range(\"\u5806\u4e3a\u7a7a\");\n    }\n    // \u4ea4\u6362\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e0e\u6700\u53f3\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u4ea4\u6362\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\uff09\n    swap(maxHeap[0], maxHeap[size() - 1]);\n    // \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\n    maxHeap.pop_back();\n    // \u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316\n    siftDown(0);\n}\n\n/* \u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316 */\nvoid siftDown(int i) {\n    while (true) {\n        // \u5224\u65ad\u8282\u70b9 i, l, r \u4e2d\u503c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a ma\n        int l = left(i), r = right(i), ma = i;\n        if (l < size() && maxHeap[l] > maxHeap[ma])\n            ma = l;\n        if (r < size() && maxHeap[r] > maxHeap[ma])\n            ma = r;\n        // \u82e5\u8282\u70b9 i \u6700\u5927\u6216\u7d22\u5f15 l, r \u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u65e0\u987b\u7ee7\u7eed\u5806\u5316\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\n        if (ma == i)\n            break;\n        swap(maxHeap[i], maxHeap[ma]);\n        // \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0b\u5806\u5316\n        i = ma;\n    }\n}\n
    my_heap.java
    /* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806 */\nint pop() {\n    // \u5224\u7a7a\u5904\u7406\n    if (isEmpty())\n        throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();\n    // \u4ea4\u6362\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e0e\u6700\u53f3\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u4ea4\u6362\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\uff09\n    swap(0, size() - 1);\n    // \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\n    int val = maxHeap.remove(size() - 1);\n    // \u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316\n    siftDown(0);\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\n    return val;\n}\n\n/* \u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316 */\nvoid siftDown(int i) {\n    while (true) {\n        // \u5224\u65ad\u8282\u70b9 i, l, r \u4e2d\u503c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a ma\n        int l = left(i), r = right(i), ma = i;\n        if (l < size() && maxHeap.get(l) > maxHeap.get(ma))\n            ma = l;\n        if (r < size() && maxHeap.get(r) > maxHeap.get(ma))\n            ma = r;\n        // \u82e5\u8282\u70b9 i \u6700\u5927\u6216\u7d22\u5f15 l, r \u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u65e0\u987b\u7ee7\u7eed\u5806\u5316\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\n        if (ma == i)\n            break;\n        // \u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\n        swap(i, ma);\n        // \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0b\u5806\u5316\n        i = ma;\n    }\n}\n
    my_heap.cs
    /* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806 */\nint Pop() {\n    // \u5224\u7a7a\u5904\u7406\n    if (IsEmpty())\n        throw new IndexOutOfRangeException();\n    // \u4ea4\u6362\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e0e\u6700\u53f3\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u4ea4\u6362\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\uff09\n    Swap(0, Size() - 1);\n    // \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\n    int val = maxHeap.Last();\n    maxHeap.RemoveAt(Size() - 1);\n    // \u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316\n    SiftDown(0);\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\n    return val;\n}\n\n/* \u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316 */\nvoid SiftDown(int i) {\n    while (true) {\n        // \u5224\u65ad\u8282\u70b9 i, l, r \u4e2d\u503c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a ma\n        int l = Left(i), r = Right(i), ma = i;\n        if (l < Size() && maxHeap[l] > maxHeap[ma])\n            ma = l;\n        if (r < Size() && maxHeap[r] > maxHeap[ma])\n            ma = r;\n        // \u82e5\u201c\u8282\u70b9 i \u6700\u5927\u201d\u6216\u201c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u201d\uff0c\u5219\u7ed3\u675f\u5806\u5316\n        if (ma == i) break;\n        // \u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\n        Swap(i, ma);\n        // \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0b\u5806\u5316\n        i = ma;\n    }\n}\n
    my_heap.go
    /* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806 */\nfunc (h *maxHeap) pop() any {\n    // \u5224\u7a7a\u5904\u7406\n    if h.isEmpty() {\n        fmt.Println(\"error\")\n        return nil\n    }\n    // \u4ea4\u6362\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e0e\u6700\u53f3\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u4ea4\u6362\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\uff09\n    h.swap(0, h.size()-1)\n    // \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\n    val := h.data[len(h.data)-1]\n    h.data = h.data[:len(h.data)-1]\n    // \u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316\n    h.siftDown(0)\n\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\n    return val\n}\n\n/* \u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316 */\nfunc (h *maxHeap) siftDown(i int) {\n    for true {\n        // \u5224\u65ad\u8282\u70b9 i, l, r \u4e2d\u503c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a max\n        l, r, max := h.left(i), h.right(i), i\n        if l < h.size() && h.data[l].(int) > h.data[max].(int) {\n            max = l\n        }\n        if r < h.size() && h.data[r].(int) > h.data[max].(int) {\n            max = r\n        }\n        // \u82e5\u8282\u70b9 i \u6700\u5927\u6216\u7d22\u5f15 l, r \u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u65e0\u987b\u7ee7\u7eed\u5806\u5316\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\n        if max == i {\n            break\n        }\n        // \u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\n        h.swap(i, max)\n        // \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0b\u5806\u5316\n        i = max\n    }\n}\n
    my_heap.swift
    /* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806 */\nfunc pop() -> Int {\n    // \u5224\u7a7a\u5904\u7406\n    if isEmpty() {\n        fatalError(\"\u5806\u4e3a\u7a7a\")\n    }\n    // \u4ea4\u6362\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e0e\u6700\u53f3\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u4ea4\u6362\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\uff09\n    swap(i: 0, j: size() - 1)\n    // \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\n    let val = maxHeap.remove(at: size() - 1)\n    // \u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316\n    siftDown(i: 0)\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\n    return val\n}\n\n/* \u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316 */\nfunc siftDown(i: Int) {\n    var i = i\n    while true {\n        // \u5224\u65ad\u8282\u70b9 i, l, r \u4e2d\u503c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a ma\n        let l = left(i: i)\n        let r = right(i: i)\n        var ma = i\n        if l < size(), maxHeap[l] > maxHeap[ma] {\n            ma = l\n        }\n        if r < size(), maxHeap[r] > maxHeap[ma] {\n            ma = r\n        }\n        // \u82e5\u8282\u70b9 i \u6700\u5927\u6216\u7d22\u5f15 l, r \u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u65e0\u987b\u7ee7\u7eed\u5806\u5316\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\n        if ma == i {\n            break\n        }\n        // \u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\n        swap(i: i, j: ma)\n        // \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0b\u5806\u5316\n        i = ma\n    }\n}\n
    my_heap.js
    /* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806 */\npop() {\n    // \u5224\u7a7a\u5904\u7406\n    if (this.isEmpty()) throw new Error('\u5806\u4e3a\u7a7a');\n    // \u4ea4\u6362\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e0e\u6700\u53f3\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u4ea4\u6362\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\uff09\n    this.#swap(0, this.size() - 1);\n    // \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\n    const val = this.#maxHeap.pop();\n    // \u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316\n    this.#siftDown(0);\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\n    return val;\n}\n\n/* \u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316 */\n#siftDown(i) {\n    while (true) {\n        // \u5224\u65ad\u8282\u70b9 i, l, r \u4e2d\u503c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a ma\n        const l = this.#left(i),\n            r = this.#right(i);\n        let ma = i;\n        if (l < this.size() && this.#maxHeap[l] > this.#maxHeap[ma]) ma = l;\n        if (r < this.size() && this.#maxHeap[r] > this.#maxHeap[ma]) ma = r;\n        // \u82e5\u8282\u70b9 i \u6700\u5927\u6216\u7d22\u5f15 l, r \u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u65e0\u987b\u7ee7\u7eed\u5806\u5316\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\n        if (ma === i) break;\n        // \u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\n        this.#swap(i, ma);\n        // \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0b\u5806\u5316\n        i = ma;\n    }\n}\n
    my_heap.ts
    /* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806 */\npop(): number {\n    // \u5224\u7a7a\u5904\u7406\n    if (this.isEmpty()) throw new RangeError('Heap is empty.');\n    // \u4ea4\u6362\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e0e\u6700\u53f3\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u4ea4\u6362\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\uff09\n    this.swap(0, this.size() - 1);\n    // \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\n    const val = this.maxHeap.pop();\n    // \u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316\n    this.siftDown(0);\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\n    return val;\n}\n\n/* \u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316 */\nsiftDown(i: number): void {\n    while (true) {\n        // \u5224\u65ad\u8282\u70b9 i, l, r \u4e2d\u503c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a ma\n        const l = this.left(i),\n            r = this.right(i);\n        let ma = i;\n        if (l < this.size() && this.maxHeap[l] > this.maxHeap[ma]) ma = l;\n        if (r < this.size() && this.maxHeap[r] > this.maxHeap[ma]) ma = r;\n        // \u82e5\u8282\u70b9 i \u6700\u5927\u6216\u7d22\u5f15 l, r \u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u65e0\u987b\u7ee7\u7eed\u5806\u5316\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\n        if (ma === i) break;\n        // \u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\n        this.swap(i, ma);\n        // \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0b\u5806\u5316\n        i = ma;\n    }\n}\n
    my_heap.dart
    /* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806 */\nint pop() {\n  // \u5224\u7a7a\u5904\u7406\n  if (isEmpty()) throw Exception('\u5806\u4e3a\u7a7a');\n  // \u4ea4\u6362\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e0e\u6700\u53f3\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u4ea4\u6362\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\uff09\n  _swap(0, size() - 1);\n  // \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\n  int val = _maxHeap.removeLast();\n  // \u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316\n  siftDown(0);\n  // \u8fd4\u56de\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\n  return val;\n}\n\n/* \u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316 */\nvoid siftDown(int i) {\n  while (true) {\n    // \u5224\u65ad\u8282\u70b9 i, l, r \u4e2d\u503c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a ma\n    int l = _left(i);\n    int r = _right(i);\n    int ma = i;\n    if (l < size() && _maxHeap[l] > _maxHeap[ma]) ma = l;\n    if (r < size() && _maxHeap[r] > _maxHeap[ma]) ma = r;\n    // \u82e5\u8282\u70b9 i \u6700\u5927\u6216\u7d22\u5f15 l, r \u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u65e0\u987b\u7ee7\u7eed\u5806\u5316\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\n    if (ma == i) break;\n    // \u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\n    _swap(i, ma);\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0b\u5806\u5316\n    i = ma;\n  }\n}\n
    my_heap.rs
    /* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806 */\nfn pop(&mut self) -> i32 {\n    // \u5224\u7a7a\u5904\u7406\n    if self.is_empty() {\n        panic!(\"index out of bounds\");\n    }\n    // \u4ea4\u6362\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e0e\u6700\u53f3\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u4ea4\u6362\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\uff09\n    self.swap(0, self.size() - 1);\n    // \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\n    let val = self.max_heap.remove(self.size() - 1);\n    // \u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316\n    self.sift_down(0);\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\n    val\n}\n\n/* \u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316 */\nfn sift_down(&mut self, mut i: usize) {\n    loop {\n        // \u5224\u65ad\u8282\u70b9 i, l, r \u4e2d\u503c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a ma\n        let (l, r, mut ma) = (Self::left(i), Self::right(i), i);\n        if l < self.size() && self.max_heap[l] > self.max_heap[ma] {\n            ma = l;\n        }\n        if r < self.size() && self.max_heap[r] > self.max_heap[ma] {\n            ma = r;\n        }\n        // \u82e5\u8282\u70b9 i \u6700\u5927\u6216\u7d22\u5f15 l, r \u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u65e0\u987b\u7ee7\u7eed\u5806\u5316\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\n        if ma == i {\n            break;\n        }\n        // \u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\n        self.swap(i, ma);\n        // \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0b\u5806\u5316\n        i = ma;\n    }\n}\n
    my_heap.c
    /* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806 */\nint pop(MaxHeap *maxHeap) {\n    // \u5224\u7a7a\u5904\u7406\n    if (isEmpty(maxHeap)) {\n        printf(\"heap is empty!\");\n        return INT_MAX;\n    }\n    // \u4ea4\u6362\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e0e\u6700\u53f3\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u4ea4\u6362\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\uff09\n    swap(maxHeap, 0, size(maxHeap) - 1);\n    // \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\n    int val = maxHeap->data[maxHeap->size - 1];\n    maxHeap->size--;\n    // \u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316\n    siftDown(maxHeap, 0);\n\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\n    return val;\n}\n\n/* \u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316 */\nvoid siftDown(MaxHeap *maxHeap, int i) {\n    while (true) {\n        // \u5224\u65ad\u8282\u70b9 i, l, r \u4e2d\u503c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a max\n        int l = left(maxHeap, i);\n        int r = right(maxHeap, i);\n        int max = i;\n        if (l < size(maxHeap) && maxHeap->data[l] > maxHeap->data[max]) {\n            max = l;\n        }\n        if (r < size(maxHeap) && maxHeap->data[r] > maxHeap->data[max]) {\n            max = r;\n        }\n        // \u82e5\u8282\u70b9 i \u6700\u5927\u6216\u7d22\u5f15 l, r \u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u65e0\u987b\u7ee7\u7eed\u5806\u5316\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\n        if (max == i) {\n            break;\n        }\n        // \u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\n        swap(maxHeap, i, max);\n        // \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0b\u5806\u5316\n        i = max;\n    }\n}\n
    my_heap.zig
    // \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806\nfn pop(self: *Self) !T {\n    // \u5224\u65ad\u5904\u7406\n    if (self.isEmpty()) unreachable;\n    // \u4ea4\u6362\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e0e\u6700\u53f3\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u4ea4\u6362\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\uff09\n    try self.swap(0, self.size() - 1);\n    // \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\n    var val = self.max_heap.?.pop();\n    // \u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316\n    try self.siftDown(0);\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\n    return val;\n} \n\n// \u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316\nfn siftDown(self: *Self, i_: usize) !void {\n    var i = i_;\n    while (true) {\n        // \u5224\u65ad\u8282\u70b9 i, l, r \u4e2d\u503c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a ma\n        var l = left(i);\n        var r = right(i);\n        var ma = i;\n        if (l < self.size() and self.max_heap.?.items[l] > self.max_heap.?.items[ma]) ma = l;\n        if (r < self.size() and self.max_heap.?.items[r] > self.max_heap.?.items[ma]) ma = r;\n        // \u82e5\u8282\u70b9 i \u6700\u5927\u6216\u7d22\u5f15 l, r \u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u65e0\u987b\u7ee7\u7eed\u5806\u5316\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\n        if (ma == i) break;\n        // \u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\n        try self.swap(i, ma);\n        // \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0b\u5806\u5316\n        i = ma;\n    }\n}\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_heap/heap/#813","title":"8.1.3 \u00a0 \u5806\u7684\u5e38\u89c1\u5e94\u7528","text":"
    • \u4f18\u5148\u961f\u5217\uff1a\u5806\u901a\u5e38\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5b9e\u73b0\u4f18\u5148\u961f\u5217\u7684\u9996\u9009\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5176\u5165\u961f\u548c\u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5747\u4e3a \\(O(\\log n)\\) \uff0c\u800c\u5efa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e3a \\(O(n)\\) \uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\u90fd\u975e\u5e38\u9ad8\u6548\u3002
    • \u5806\u6392\u5e8f\uff1a\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u7ec4\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5b83\u4eec\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u5806\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u6267\u884c\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f97\u5230\u6709\u5e8f\u6570\u636e\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u79cd\u66f4\u4f18\u96c5\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5b9e\u73b0\u5806\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u8be6\u89c1\u201c\u5806\u6392\u5e8f\u201d\u7ae0\u8282\u3002
    • \u83b7\u53d6\u6700\u5927\u7684 \\(k\\) \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\uff1a\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ecf\u5178\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5178\u578b\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u9009\u62e9\u70ed\u5ea6\u524d 10 \u7684\u65b0\u95fb\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5fae\u535a\u70ed\u641c\uff0c\u9009\u53d6\u9500\u91cf\u524d 10 \u7684\u5546\u54c1\u7b49\u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_heap/summary/","title":"8.4 \u00a0 \u5c0f\u7ed3","text":""},{"location":"chapter_heap/summary/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u91cd\u70b9\u56de\u987e","text":"
    • \u5806\u662f\u4e00\u68f5\u5b8c\u5168\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u6210\u7acb\u6761\u4ef6\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u5927\u9876\u5806\u548c\u5c0f\u9876\u5806\u3002\u5927\uff08\u5c0f\uff09\u9876\u5806\u7684\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\u662f\u6700\u5927\uff08\u5c0f\uff09\u7684\u3002
    • \u4f18\u5148\u961f\u5217\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u662f\u5177\u6709\u51fa\u961f\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u7684\u961f\u5217\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u5806\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002
    • \u5806\u7684\u5e38\u7528\u64cd\u4f5c\u53ca\u5176\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806 \\(O(\\log n)\\)\u3001\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806 \\(O(\\log n)\\) \u548c\u8bbf\u95ee\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20 \\(O(1)\\) \u7b49\u3002
    • \u5b8c\u5168\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u975e\u5e38\u9002\u5408\u7528\u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u7ec4\u6765\u5b58\u50a8\u5806\u3002
    • \u5806\u5316\u64cd\u4f5c\u7528\u4e8e\u7ef4\u62a4\u5806\u7684\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u5728\u5165\u5806\u548c\u51fa\u5806\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e2d\u90fd\u4f1a\u7528\u5230\u3002
    • \u8f93\u5165 \\(n\\) \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5e76\u5efa\u5806\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f18\u5316\u81f3 \\(O(n)\\) \uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u9ad8\u6548\u3002
    • Top-k \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ecf\u5178\u7b97\u6cd5\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5806\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u9ad8\u6548\u89e3\u51b3\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n \\log k)\\) \u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_heap/summary/#2-q-a","title":"2. \u00a0 Q & A","text":"

    \u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u201c\u5806\u201d\u4e0e\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u201c\u5806\u201d\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u5417\uff1f

    \u4e24\u8005\u4e0d\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u78b0\u5de7\u90fd\u53eb\u201c\u5806\u201d\u3002\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u7684\u5806\u662f\u52a8\u6001\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\u6765\u5b58\u50a8\u6570\u636e\u3002\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e00\u5b9a\u91cf\u7684\u5806\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5982\u5bf9\u8c61\u548c\u6570\u7ec4\u7b49\u590d\u6742\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u5f53\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u4e0d\u518d\u9700\u8981\u65f6\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u9700\u8981\u91ca\u653e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u3002\u76f8\u8f83\u4e8e\u6808\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u5806\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u8c28\u614e\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0d\u5f53\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u548c\u91ce\u6307\u9488\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_heap/top_k/","title":"8.3 \u00a0 Top-k \u95ee\u9898","text":"

    Question

    \u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(n\\) \u7684\u65e0\u5e8f\u6570\u7ec4 nums \uff0c\u8bf7\u8fd4\u56de\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u6700\u5927\u7684 \\(k\\) \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u3002

    \u5bf9\u4e8e\u8be5\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5148\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e24\u79cd\u601d\u8def\u6bd4\u8f83\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u89e3\u6cd5\uff0c\u518d\u4ecb\u7ecd\u6548\u7387\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u5806\u89e3\u6cd5\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_heap/top_k/#831","title":"8.3.1 \u00a0 \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e00\uff1a\u904d\u5386\u9009\u62e9","text":"

    \u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u56fe 8-6 \u6240\u793a\u7684 \\(k\\) \u8f6e\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u5728\u6bcf\u8f6e\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u7b2c \\(1\\)\u3001\\(2\\)\u3001\\(\\dots\\)\u3001\\(k\\) \u5927\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(nk)\\) \u3002

    \u6b64\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ea\u9002\u7528\u4e8e \\(k \\ll n\\) \u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5f53 \\(k\\) \u4e0e \\(n\\) \u6bd4\u8f83\u63a5\u8fd1\u65f6\uff0c\u5176\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u8d8b\u5411\u4e8e \\(O(n^2)\\) \uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u8017\u65f6\u3002

    \u56fe 8-6 \u00a0 \u904d\u5386\u5bfb\u627e\u6700\u5927\u7684 k \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20

    Tip

    \u5f53 \\(k = n\\) \u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u6709\u5e8f\u5e8f\u5217\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\u201c\u9009\u62e9\u6392\u5e8f\u201d\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_heap/top_k/#832","title":"8.3.2 \u00a0 \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e8c\uff1a\u6392\u5e8f","text":"

    \u5982\u56fe 8-7 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5148\u5bf9\u6570\u7ec4 nums \u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u518d\u8fd4\u56de\u6700\u53f3\u8fb9\u7684 \\(k\\) \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n \\log n)\\) \u3002

    \u663e\u7136\uff0c\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u201c\u8d85\u989d\u201d\u5b8c\u6210\u4efb\u52a1\u4e86\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u9700\u627e\u51fa\u6700\u5927\u7684 \\(k\\) \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5373\u53ef\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u6392\u5e8f\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u7d20\u3002

    \u56fe 8-7 \u00a0 \u6392\u5e8f\u5bfb\u627e\u6700\u5927\u7684 k \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20

    "},{"location":"chapter_heap/top_k/#833","title":"8.3.3 \u00a0 \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e09\uff1a\u5806","text":"

    \u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u57fa\u4e8e\u5806\u66f4\u52a0\u9ad8\u6548\u5730\u89e3\u51b3 Top-k \u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6d41\u7a0b\u5982\u56fe 8-8 \u6240\u793a\u3002

    1. \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u9876\u5806\uff0c\u5176\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\u6700\u5c0f\u3002
    2. \u5148\u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u524d \\(k\\) \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u4f9d\u6b21\u5165\u5806\u3002
    3. \u4ece\u7b2c \\(k + 1\\) \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u82e5\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u5927\u4e8e\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806\u3002
    4. \u904d\u5386\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u5806\u4e2d\u4fdd\u5b58\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u6700\u5927\u7684 \\(k\\) \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u3002
    <1><2><3><4><5><6><7><8><9>

    \u56fe 8-8 \u00a0 \u57fa\u4e8e\u5806\u5bfb\u627e\u6700\u5927\u7684 k \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20

    \u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig top_k.py
    def top_k_heap(nums: list[int], k: int) -> list[int]:\n    \"\"\"\u57fa\u4e8e\u5806\u67e5\u627e\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u6700\u5927\u7684 k \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\"\"\"\n    # \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5c0f\u9876\u5806\n    heap = []\n    # \u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u524d k \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806\n    for i in range(k):\n        heapq.heappush(heap, nums[i])\n    # \u4ece\u7b2c k+1 \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4fdd\u6301\u5806\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a k\n    for i in range(k, len(nums)):\n        # \u82e5\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u5927\u4e8e\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806\u3001\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806\n        if nums[i] > heap[0]:\n            heapq.heappop(heap)\n            heapq.heappush(heap, nums[i])\n    return heap\n
    top_k.cpp
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u5806\u67e5\u627e\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u6700\u5927\u7684 k \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20 */\npriority_queue<int, vector<int>, greater<int>> topKHeap(vector<int> &nums, int k) {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5c0f\u9876\u5806\n    priority_queue<int, vector<int>, greater<int>> heap;\n    // \u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u524d k \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806\n    for (int i = 0; i < k; i++) {\n        heap.push(nums[i]);\n    }\n    // \u4ece\u7b2c k+1 \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4fdd\u6301\u5806\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a k\n    for (int i = k; i < nums.size(); i++) {\n        // \u82e5\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u5927\u4e8e\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806\u3001\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806\n        if (nums[i] > heap.top()) {\n            heap.pop();\n            heap.push(nums[i]);\n        }\n    }\n    return heap;\n}\n
    top_k.java
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u5806\u67e5\u627e\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u6700\u5927\u7684 k \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20 */\nQueue<Integer> topKHeap(int[] nums, int k) {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5c0f\u9876\u5806\n    Queue<Integer> heap = new PriorityQueue<Integer>();\n    // \u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u524d k \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806\n    for (int i = 0; i < k; i++) {\n        heap.offer(nums[i]);\n    }\n    // \u4ece\u7b2c k+1 \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4fdd\u6301\u5806\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a k\n    for (int i = k; i < nums.length; i++) {\n        // \u82e5\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u5927\u4e8e\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806\u3001\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806\n        if (nums[i] > heap.peek()) {\n            heap.poll();\n            heap.offer(nums[i]);\n        }\n    }\n    return heap;\n}\n
    top_k.cs
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u5806\u67e5\u627e\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u6700\u5927\u7684 k \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20 */\nPriorityQueue<int, int> TopKHeap(int[] nums, int k) {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5c0f\u9876\u5806\n    PriorityQueue<int, int> heap = new();\n    // \u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u524d k \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806\n    for (int i = 0; i < k; i++) {\n        heap.Enqueue(nums[i], nums[i]);\n    }\n    // \u4ece\u7b2c k+1 \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4fdd\u6301\u5806\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a k\n    for (int i = k; i < nums.Length; i++) {\n        // \u82e5\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u5927\u4e8e\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806\u3001\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806\n        if (nums[i] > heap.Peek()) {\n            heap.Dequeue();\n            heap.Enqueue(nums[i], nums[i]);\n        }\n    }\n    return heap;\n}\n
    top_k.go
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u5806\u67e5\u627e\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u6700\u5927\u7684 k \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunc topKHeap(nums []int, k int) *minHeap {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5c0f\u9876\u5806\n    h := &minHeap{}\n    heap.Init(h)\n    // \u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u524d k \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806\n    for i := 0; i < k; i++ {\n        heap.Push(h, nums[i])\n    }\n    // \u4ece\u7b2c k+1 \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4fdd\u6301\u5806\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a k\n    for i := k; i < len(nums); i++ {\n        // \u82e5\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u5927\u4e8e\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806\u3001\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806\n        if nums[i] > h.Top().(int) {\n            heap.Pop(h)\n            heap.Push(h, nums[i])\n        }\n    }\n    return h\n}\n
    top_k.swift
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u5806\u67e5\u627e\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u6700\u5927\u7684 k \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunc topKHeap(nums: [Int], k: Int) -> [Int] {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u9876\u5806\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u524d k \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5efa\u5806\n    var heap = Heap(nums.prefix(k))\n    // \u4ece\u7b2c k+1 \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4fdd\u6301\u5806\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a k\n    for i in stride(from: k, to: nums.count, by: 1) {\n        // \u82e5\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u5927\u4e8e\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806\u3001\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806\n        if nums[i] > heap.min()! {\n            _ = heap.removeMin()\n            heap.insert(nums[i])\n        }\n    }\n    return heap.unordered\n}\n
    top_k.js
    /* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806 */\nfunction pushMinHeap(maxHeap, val) {\n    // \u5143\u7d20\u53d6\u53cd\n    maxHeap.push(-val);\n}\n\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806 */\nfunction popMinHeap(maxHeap) {\n    // \u5143\u7d20\u53d6\u53cd\n    return -maxHeap.pop();\n}\n\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunction peekMinHeap(maxHeap) {\n    // \u5143\u7d20\u53d6\u53cd\n    return -maxHeap.peek();\n}\n\n/* \u53d6\u51fa\u5806\u4e2d\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunction getMinHeap(maxHeap) {\n    // \u5143\u7d20\u53d6\u53cd\n    return maxHeap.getMaxHeap().map((num) => -num);\n}\n\n/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u5806\u67e5\u627e\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u6700\u5927\u7684 k \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunction topKHeap(nums, k) {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5c0f\u9876\u5806\n    // \u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5806\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u53d6\u53cd\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u7528\u5927\u9876\u5806\u6765\u6a21\u62df\u5c0f\u9876\u5806\n    const maxHeap = new MaxHeap([]);\n    // \u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u524d k \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806\n    for (let i = 0; i < k; i++) {\n        pushMinHeap(maxHeap, nums[i]);\n    }\n    // \u4ece\u7b2c k+1 \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4fdd\u6301\u5806\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a k\n    for (let i = k; i < nums.length; i++) {\n        // \u82e5\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u5927\u4e8e\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806\u3001\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806\n        if (nums[i] > peekMinHeap(maxHeap)) {\n            popMinHeap(maxHeap);\n            pushMinHeap(maxHeap, nums[i]);\n        }\n    }\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u5806\u4e2d\u5143\u7d20\n    return getMinHeap(maxHeap);\n}\n
    top_k.ts
    /* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806 */\nfunction pushMinHeap(maxHeap: MaxHeap, val: number): void {\n    // \u5143\u7d20\u53d6\u53cd\n    maxHeap.push(-val);\n}\n\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806 */\nfunction popMinHeap(maxHeap: MaxHeap): number {\n    // \u5143\u7d20\u53d6\u53cd\n    return -maxHeap.pop();\n}\n\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunction peekMinHeap(maxHeap: MaxHeap): number {\n    // \u5143\u7d20\u53d6\u53cd\n    return -maxHeap.peek();\n}\n\n/* \u53d6\u51fa\u5806\u4e2d\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunction getMinHeap(maxHeap: MaxHeap): number[] {\n    // \u5143\u7d20\u53d6\u53cd\n    return maxHeap.getMaxHeap().map((num: number) => -num);\n}\n\n/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u5806\u67e5\u627e\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u6700\u5927\u7684 k \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunction topKHeap(nums: number[], k: number): number[] {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5c0f\u9876\u5806\n    // \u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5806\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u53d6\u53cd\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u7528\u5927\u9876\u5806\u6765\u6a21\u62df\u5c0f\u9876\u5806\n    const maxHeap = new MaxHeap([]);\n    // \u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u524d k \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806\n    for (let i = 0; i < k; i++) {\n        pushMinHeap(maxHeap, nums[i]);\n    }\n    // \u4ece\u7b2c k+1 \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4fdd\u6301\u5806\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a k\n    for (let i = k; i < nums.length; i++) {\n        // \u82e5\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u5927\u4e8e\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806\u3001\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806\n        if (nums[i] > peekMinHeap(maxHeap)) {\n            popMinHeap(maxHeap);\n            pushMinHeap(maxHeap, nums[i]);\n        }\n    }\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u5806\u4e2d\u5143\u7d20\n    return getMinHeap(maxHeap);\n}\n
    top_k.dart
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u5806\u67e5\u627e\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u6700\u5927\u7684 k \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20 */\nMinHeap topKHeap(List<int> nums, int k) {\n  // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5c0f\u9876\u5806\uff0c\u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u524d k \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806\n  MinHeap heap = MinHeap(nums.sublist(0, k));\n  // \u4ece\u7b2c k+1 \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4fdd\u6301\u5806\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a k\n  for (int i = k; i < nums.length; i++) {\n    // \u82e5\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u5927\u4e8e\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806\u3001\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806\n    if (nums[i] > heap.peek()) {\n      heap.pop();\n      heap.push(nums[i]);\n    }\n  }\n  return heap;\n}\n
    top_k.rs
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u5806\u67e5\u627e\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u6700\u5927\u7684 k \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20 */\nfn top_k_heap(nums: Vec<i32>, k: usize) -> BinaryHeap<Reverse<i32>> {\n    // BinaryHeap \u662f\u5927\u9876\u5806\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 Reverse \u5c06\u5143\u7d20\u53d6\u53cd\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5b9e\u73b0\u5c0f\u9876\u5806\n    let mut heap = BinaryHeap::<Reverse<i32>>::new();\n    // \u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u524d k \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806\n    for &num in nums.iter().take(k) {\n        heap.push(Reverse(num));\n    }\n    // \u4ece\u7b2c k+1 \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4fdd\u6301\u5806\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a k\n    for &num in nums.iter().skip(k) {\n        // \u82e5\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u5927\u4e8e\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806\u3001\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806\n        if num > heap.peek().unwrap().0 {\n            heap.pop();\n            heap.push(Reverse(num));\n        }\n    }\n    heap\n}\n
    top_k.c
    /* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806 */\nvoid pushMinHeap(MaxHeap *maxHeap, int val) {\n    // \u5143\u7d20\u53d6\u53cd\n    push(maxHeap, -val);\n}\n\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806 */\nint popMinHeap(MaxHeap *maxHeap) {\n    // \u5143\u7d20\u53d6\u53cd\n    return -pop(maxHeap);\n}\n\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\nint peekMinHeap(MaxHeap *maxHeap) {\n    // \u5143\u7d20\u53d6\u53cd\n    return -peek(maxHeap);\n}\n\n/* \u53d6\u51fa\u5806\u4e2d\u5143\u7d20 */\nint *getMinHeap(MaxHeap *maxHeap) {\n    // \u5c06\u5806\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u53d6\u53cd\u5e76\u5b58\u5165 res \u6570\u7ec4\n    int *res = (int *)malloc(maxHeap->size * sizeof(int));\n    for (int i = 0; i < maxHeap->size; i++) {\n        res[i] = -maxHeap->data[i];\n    }\n    return res;\n}\n\n/* \u53d6\u51fa\u5806\u4e2d\u5143\u7d20 */\nint *getMinHeap(MaxHeap *maxHeap) {\n    // \u5c06\u5806\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u53d6\u53cd\u5e76\u5b58\u5165 res \u6570\u7ec4\n    int *res = (int *)malloc(maxHeap->size * sizeof(int));\n    for (int i = 0; i < maxHeap->size; i++) {\n        res[i] = -maxHeap->data[i];\n    }\n    return res;\n}\n\n// \u57fa\u4e8e\u5806\u67e5\u627e\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u6700\u5927\u7684 k \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u51fd\u6570\nint *topKHeap(int *nums, int sizeNums, int k) {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5c0f\u9876\u5806\n    // \u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5806\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u53d6\u53cd\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u7528\u5927\u9876\u5806\u6765\u6a21\u62df\u5c0f\u9876\u5806\n    int *empty = (int *)malloc(0);\n    MaxHeap *maxHeap = newMaxHeap(empty, 0);\n    // \u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u524d k \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806\n    for (int i = 0; i < k; i++) {\n        pushMinHeap(maxHeap, nums[i]);\n    }\n    // \u4ece\u7b2c k+1 \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4fdd\u6301\u5806\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a k\n    for (int i = k; i < sizeNums; i++) {\n        // \u82e5\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u5927\u4e8e\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806\u3001\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806\n        if (nums[i] > peekMinHeap(maxHeap)) {\n            popMinHeap(maxHeap);\n            pushMinHeap(maxHeap, nums[i]);\n        }\n    }\n    int *res = getMinHeap(maxHeap);\n    // \u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\n    delMaxHeap(maxHeap);\n    return res;\n}\n
    top_k.zig
    [class]{}-[func]{topKHeap}\n

    \u603b\u5171\u6267\u884c\u4e86 \\(n\\) \u8f6e\u5165\u5806\u548c\u51fa\u5806\uff0c\u5806\u7684\u6700\u5927\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(k\\) \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n \\log k)\\) \u3002\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u6548\u7387\u5f88\u9ad8\uff0c\u5f53 \\(k\\) \u8f83\u5c0f\u65f6\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u8d8b\u5411 \\(O(n)\\) \uff1b\u5f53 \\(k\\) \u8f83\u5927\u65f6\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8d85\u8fc7 \\(O(n \\log n)\\) \u3002

    \u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u52a8\u6001\u6570\u636e\u6d41\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u573a\u666f\u3002\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u52a0\u5165\u6570\u636e\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6301\u7eed\u7ef4\u62a4\u5806\u5185\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5b9e\u73b0\u6700\u5927\u7684 \\(k\\) \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u66f4\u65b0\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_introduction/","title":"\u7b2c 1 \u7ae0 \u00a0 \u521d\u8bc6\u7b97\u6cd5","text":"

    Abstract

    \u4e00\u4f4d\u5c11\u5973\u7fe9\u7fe9\u8d77\u821e\uff0c\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u4ea4\u7ec7\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u88d9\u6446\u4e0a\u98d8\u626c\u7740\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u65cb\u5f8b\u3002

    \u5979\u9080\u8bf7\u4f60\u5171\u821e\uff0c\u8bf7\u7d27\u8ddf\u5979\u7684\u6b65\u4f10\uff0c\u8e0f\u5165\u5145\u6ee1\u903b\u8f91\u4e0e\u7f8e\u611f\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e16\u754c\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_introduction/#_1","title":"\u672c\u7ae0\u5185\u5bb9","text":"
    • 1.1 \u00a0 \u7b97\u6cd5\u65e0\u5904\u4e0d\u5728
    • 1.2 \u00a0 \u7b97\u6cd5\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48
    • 1.3 \u00a0 \u5c0f\u7ed3
    "},{"location":"chapter_introduction/algorithms_are_everywhere/","title":"1.1 \u00a0 \u7b97\u6cd5\u65e0\u5904\u4e0d\u5728","text":"

    \u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u542c\u5230\u201c\u7b97\u6cd5\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u65f6\uff0c\u5f88\u81ea\u7136\u5730\u4f1a\u60f3\u5230\u6570\u5b66\u3002\u7136\u800c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u7b97\u6cd5\u5e76\u4e0d\u6d89\u53ca\u590d\u6742\u6570\u5b66\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u66f4\u591a\u5730\u4f9d\u8d56\u57fa\u672c\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u903b\u8f91\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u5904\u5904\u53ef\u89c1\u3002

    \u5728\u6b63\u5f0f\u63a2\u8ba8\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u503c\u5f97\u5206\u4eab\uff1a\u4f60\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u4e0d\u77e5\u4e0d\u89c9\u4e2d\u5b66\u4f1a\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u4e60\u60ef\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u5e94\u7528\u5230\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u4e86\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u6211\u5c06\u4e3e\u51e0\u4e2a\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u6765\u8bc1\u5b9e\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u3002

    \u4f8b\u4e00\uff1a\u67e5\u5b57\u5178\u3002\u5728\u5b57\u5178\u91cc\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6c49\u5b57\u90fd\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e00\u4e2a\u62fc\u97f3\uff0c\u800c\u5b57\u5178\u662f\u6309\u7167\u62fc\u97f3\u5b57\u6bcd\u987a\u5e8f\u6392\u5217\u7684\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u67e5\u627e\u4e00\u4e2a\u62fc\u97f3\u9996\u5b57\u6bcd\u4e3a \\(r\\) \u7684\u5b57\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u6309\u7167\u56fe 1-1 \u6240\u793a\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002

    1. \u7ffb\u5f00\u5b57\u5178\u7ea6\u4e00\u534a\u7684\u9875\u6570\uff0c\u67e5\u770b\u8be5\u9875\u7684\u9996\u5b57\u6bcd\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u5047\u8bbe\u9996\u5b57\u6bcd\u4e3a \\(m\\) \u3002
    2. \u7531\u4e8e\u5728\u62fc\u97f3\u5b57\u6bcd\u8868\u4e2d \\(r\\) \u4f4d\u4e8e \\(m\\) \u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6392\u9664\u5b57\u5178\u524d\u534a\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u67e5\u627e\u8303\u56f4\u7f29\u5c0f\u5230\u540e\u534a\u90e8\u5206\u3002
    3. \u4e0d\u65ad\u91cd\u590d\u6b65\u9aa4 1. \u548c \u6b65\u9aa4 2. \uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u627e\u5230\u62fc\u97f3\u9996\u5b57\u6bcd\u4e3a \\(r\\) \u7684\u9875\u7801\u4e3a\u6b62\u3002
    <1><2><3><4><5>

    \u56fe 1-1 \u00a0 \u67e5\u5b57\u5178\u6b65\u9aa4

    \u67e5\u5b57\u5178\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c0f\u5b66\u751f\u5fc5\u5907\u6280\u80fd\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f\u8457\u540d\u7684\u201c\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u201d\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u5b57\u5178\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u201c\u6570\u7ec4\u201d\uff1b\u4ece\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u4e0a\u8ff0\u67e5\u5b57\u5178\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u64cd\u4f5c\u770b\u4f5c\u201c\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u201d\u3002

    \u4f8b\u4e8c\uff1a\u6574\u7406\u6251\u514b\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u6253\u724c\u65f6\uff0c\u6bcf\u5c40\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u6574\u7406\u624b\u4e2d\u7684\u6251\u514b\u724c\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u4ece\u5c0f\u5230\u5927\u6392\u5217\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u6d41\u7a0b\u5982\u56fe 1-2 \u6240\u793a\u3002

    1. \u5c06\u6251\u514b\u724c\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u201c\u6709\u5e8f\u201d\u548c\u201c\u65e0\u5e8f\u201d\u4e24\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5e76\u5047\u8bbe\u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\u6700\u5de6 1 \u5f20\u6251\u514b\u724c\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u5e8f\u3002
    2. \u5728\u65e0\u5e8f\u90e8\u5206\u62bd\u51fa\u4e00\u5f20\u6251\u514b\u724c\uff0c\u63d2\u5165\u81f3\u6709\u5e8f\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff1b\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\u6700\u5de6 2 \u5f20\u6251\u514b\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u5e8f\u3002
    3. \u4e0d\u65ad\u5faa\u73af\u6b65\u9aa4 2. \uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u8f6e\u5c06\u4e00\u5f20\u6251\u514b\u724c\u4ece\u65e0\u5e8f\u90e8\u5206\u63d2\u5165\u81f3\u6709\u5e8f\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u6240\u6709\u6251\u514b\u724c\u90fd\u6709\u5e8f\u3002

    \u56fe 1-2 \u00a0 \u6251\u514b\u6392\u5e8f\u6b65\u9aa4

    \u4e0a\u8ff0\u6574\u7406\u6251\u514b\u724c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u201c\u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f\u201d\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b83\u5728\u5904\u7406\u5c0f\u578b\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u65f6\u975e\u5e38\u9ad8\u6548\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u5e93\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u90fd\u6709\u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u8eab\u5f71\u3002

    \u4f8b\u4e09\uff1a\u8d27\u5e01\u627e\u96f6\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u8d85\u5e02\u8d2d\u4e70\u4e86 \\(69\\) \u5143\u7684\u5546\u54c1\uff0c\u7ed9\u4e86\u6536\u94f6\u5458 \\(100\\) \u5143\uff0c\u5219\u6536\u94f6\u5458\u9700\u8981\u627e\u6211\u4eec \\(31\\) \u5143\u3002\u4ed6\u4f1a\u5f88\u81ea\u7136\u5730\u5b8c\u6210\u5982\u56fe 1-3 \u6240\u793a\u7684\u601d\u8003\u3002

    1. \u53ef\u9009\u9879\u662f\u6bd4 \\(31\\) \u5143\u9762\u503c\u66f4\u5c0f\u7684\u8d27\u5e01\uff0c\u5305\u62ec \\(1\\) \u5143\u3001\\(5\\) \u5143\u3001\\(10\\) \u5143\u3001\\(20\\) \u5143\u3002
    2. \u4ece\u53ef\u9009\u9879\u4e2d\u62ff\u51fa\u6700\u5927\u7684 \\(20\\) \u5143\uff0c\u5269\u4f59 \\(31 - 20 = 11\\) \u5143\u3002
    3. \u4ece\u5269\u4f59\u53ef\u9009\u9879\u4e2d\u62ff\u51fa\u6700\u5927\u7684 \\(10\\) \u5143\uff0c\u5269\u4f59 \\(11 - 10 = 1\\) \u5143\u3002
    4. \u4ece\u5269\u4f59\u53ef\u9009\u9879\u4e2d\u62ff\u51fa\u6700\u5927\u7684 \\(1\\) \u5143\uff0c\u5269\u4f59 \\(1 - 1 = 0\\) \u5143\u3002
    5. \u5b8c\u6210\u627e\u96f6\uff0c\u65b9\u6848\u4e3a \\(20 + 10 + 1 = 31\\) \u5143\u3002

    \u56fe 1-3 \u00a0 \u8d27\u5e01\u627e\u96f6\u8fc7\u7a0b

    \u5728\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6b65\u9aa4\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b65\u90fd\u91c7\u53d6\u5f53\u524d\u770b\u6765\u6700\u597d\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff08\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u7528\u5927\u9762\u989d\u7684\u8d27\u5e01\uff09\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u53ef\u884c\u7684\u627e\u96f6\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u201c\u8d2a\u5fc3\u201d\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002

    \u5c0f\u5230\u70f9\u996a\u4e00\u9053\u83dc\uff0c\u5927\u5230\u661f\u9645\u822a\u884c\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u90fd\u79bb\u4e0d\u5f00\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u4f7f\u5f97\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u901a\u8fc7\u7f16\u7a0b\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u7f16\u5199\u4ee3\u7801\u8c03\u7528 CPU \u548c GPU \u6267\u884c\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u80fd\u628a\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ee5\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u89e3\u51b3\u5404\u79cd\u590d\u6742\u95ee\u9898\u3002

    Tip

    \u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u7b97\u6cd5\u3001\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u7b49\u6982\u5ff5\u4ecd\u611f\u5230\u4e00\u77e5\u534a\u89e3\uff0c\u8bf7\u7ee7\u7eed\u5f80\u4e0b\u9605\u8bfb\uff0c\u672c\u4e66\u5c06\u5f15\u5bfc\u4f60\u8fc8\u5165\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u6bbf\u5802\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_introduction/summary/","title":"1.3 \u00a0 \u5c0f\u7ed3","text":"
    • \u7b97\u6cd5\u5728\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u65e0\u5904\u4e0d\u5728\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u9065\u4e0d\u53ef\u53ca\u7684\u9ad8\u6df1\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u4e0d\u77e5\u4e0d\u89c9\u4e2d\u5b66\u4f1a\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u7528\u4ee5\u89e3\u51b3\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u95ee\u9898\u3002
    • \u67e5\u5b57\u5178\u7684\u539f\u7406\u4e0e\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u7b97\u6cd5\u76f8\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u7b97\u6cd5\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u5206\u800c\u6cbb\u4e4b\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7b97\u6cd5\u601d\u60f3\u3002
    • \u6574\u7406\u6251\u514b\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e0e\u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u975e\u5e38\u7c7b\u4f3c\u3002\u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u9002\u5408\u6392\u5e8f\u5c0f\u578b\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u3002
    • \u8d27\u5e01\u627e\u96f6\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b65\u90fd\u91c7\u53d6\u5f53\u524d\u770b\u6765\u6700\u597d\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u3002
    • \u7b97\u6cd5\u662f\u5728\u6709\u9650\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u89e3\u51b3\u7279\u5b9a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4e00\u7ec4\u6307\u4ee4\u6216\u64cd\u4f5c\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u800c\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u662f\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e2d\u7ec4\u7ec7\u548c\u5b58\u50a8\u6570\u636e\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002
    • \u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u7b97\u6cd5\u7d27\u5bc6\u76f8\u8fde\u3002\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u662f\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u57fa\u77f3\uff0c\u800c\u7b97\u6cd5\u662f\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u53d1\u6325\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u821e\u53f0\u3002
    • \u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u7b97\u6cd5\u7c7b\u6bd4\u4e3a\u62fc\u88c5\u79ef\u6728\uff0c\u79ef\u6728\u4ee3\u8868\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u79ef\u6728\u7684\u5f62\u72b6\u548c\u8fde\u63a5\u65b9\u5f0f\u7b49\u4ee3\u8868\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u62fc\u88c5\u79ef\u6728\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\u5219\u5bf9\u5e94\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_introduction/what_is_dsa/","title":"1.2 \u00a0 \u7b97\u6cd5\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48","text":""},{"location":"chapter_introduction/what_is_dsa/#121","title":"1.2.1 \u00a0 \u7b97\u6cd5\u5b9a\u4e49","text":"

    \u300c\u7b97\u6cd5 algorithm\u300d\u662f\u5728\u6709\u9650\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u89e3\u51b3\u7279\u5b9a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4e00\u7ec4\u6307\u4ee4\u6216\u64cd\u4f5c\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u5b83\u5177\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7279\u6027\u3002

    • \u95ee\u9898\u662f\u660e\u786e\u7684\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u548c\u8f93\u51fa\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002
    • \u5177\u6709\u53ef\u884c\u6027\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u6709\u9650\u6b65\u9aa4\u3001\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0b\u5b8c\u6210\u3002
    • \u5404\u6b65\u9aa4\u90fd\u6709\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u542b\u4e49\uff0c\u5728\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u548c\u8fd0\u884c\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u8f93\u51fa\u59cb\u7ec8\u76f8\u540c\u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_introduction/what_is_dsa/#122","title":"1.2.2 \u00a0 \u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u5b9a\u4e49","text":"

    \u300c\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784 data structure\u300d\u662f\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e2d\u7ec4\u7ec7\u548c\u5b58\u50a8\u6570\u636e\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8bbe\u8ba1\u76ee\u6807\u3002

    • \u7a7a\u95f4\u5360\u7528\u5c3d\u91cf\u5c11\uff0c\u4ee5\u8282\u7701\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5185\u5b58\u3002
    • \u6570\u636e\u64cd\u4f5c\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u5feb\u901f\uff0c\u6db5\u76d6\u6570\u636e\u8bbf\u95ee\u3001\u6dfb\u52a0\u3001\u5220\u9664\u3001\u66f4\u65b0\u7b49\u3002
    • \u63d0\u4f9b\u7b80\u6d01\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8868\u793a\u548c\u903b\u8f91\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u7b97\u6cd5\u9ad8\u6548\u8fd0\u884c\u3002

    \u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u8bbe\u8ba1\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5145\u6ee1\u6743\u8861\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u5728\u67d0\u65b9\u9762\u53d6\u5f97\u63d0\u5347\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u9700\u8981\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u4f5c\u51fa\u59a5\u534f\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u4e3e\u4e24\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002

    • \u94fe\u8868\u76f8\u8f83\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5728\u6570\u636e\u6dfb\u52a0\u548c\u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e0a\u66f4\u52a0\u4fbf\u6377\uff0c\u4f46\u727a\u7272\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u8bbf\u95ee\u901f\u5ea6\u3002
    • \u56fe\u76f8\u8f83\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4f46\u9700\u8981\u5360\u7528\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_introduction/what_is_dsa/#123","title":"1.2.3 \u00a0 \u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u5173\u7cfb","text":"

    \u5982\u56fe 1-4 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u7b97\u6cd5\u9ad8\u5ea6\u76f8\u5173\u3001\u7d27\u5bc6\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u8868\u73b0\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e09\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u3002

    • \u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u662f\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u57fa\u77f3\u3002\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e3a\u7b97\u6cd5\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u636e\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002
    • \u7b97\u6cd5\u662f\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u53d1\u6325\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u821e\u53f0\u3002\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u672c\u8eab\u4ec5\u5b58\u50a8\u6570\u636e\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u7ed3\u5408\u7b97\u6cd5\u624d\u80fd\u89e3\u51b3\u7279\u5b9a\u95ee\u9898\u3002
    • \u7b97\u6cd5\u901a\u5e38\u53ef\u4ee5\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u4f46\u6267\u884c\u6548\u7387\u53ef\u80fd\u76f8\u5dee\u5f88\u5927\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u662f\u5173\u952e\u3002

    \u56fe 1-4 \u00a0 \u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u5173\u7cfb

    \u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u7b97\u6cd5\u72b9\u5982\u56fe 1-5 \u6240\u793a\u7684\u62fc\u88c5\u79ef\u6728\u3002\u4e00\u5957\u79ef\u6728\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u5305\u542b\u8bb8\u591a\u96f6\u4ef6\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u9644\u6709\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u7ec4\u88c5\u8bf4\u660e\u4e66\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u6309\u7167\u8bf4\u660e\u4e66\u4e00\u6b65\u6b65\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u7ec4\u88c5\u51fa\u7cbe\u7f8e\u7684\u79ef\u6728\u6a21\u578b\u3002

    \u56fe 1-5 \u00a0 \u62fc\u88c5\u79ef\u6728

    \u4e24\u8005\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u5bf9\u5e94\u5173\u7cfb\u5982\u8868 1-1 \u6240\u793a\u3002

    \u8868 1-1 \u00a0 \u5c06\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u7b97\u6cd5\u7c7b\u6bd4\u4e3a\u62fc\u88c5\u79ef\u6728

    \u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u7b97\u6cd5 \u62fc\u88c5\u79ef\u6728 \u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e \u672a\u62fc\u88c5\u7684\u79ef\u6728 \u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784 \u79ef\u6728\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5f62\u72b6\u3001\u5927\u5c0f\u3001\u8fde\u63a5\u65b9\u5f0f\u7b49 \u7b97\u6cd5 \u628a\u79ef\u6728\u62fc\u6210\u76ee\u6807\u5f62\u6001\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u64cd\u4f5c\u6b65\u9aa4 \u8f93\u51fa\u6570\u636e \u79ef\u6728\u6a21\u578b

    \u503c\u5f97\u8bf4\u660e\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u7b97\u6cd5\u662f\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8e\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u3002\u6b63\u56e0\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u672c\u4e66\u5f97\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u57fa\u4e8e\u591a\u79cd\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002

    \u7ea6\u5b9a\u4fd7\u6210\u7684\u7b80\u79f0

    \u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u8ba8\u8bba\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u5c06\u201c\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u7b97\u6cd5\u201d\u7b80\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u7b97\u6cd5\u201d\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u4f17\u6240\u5468\u77e5\u7684 LeetCode \u7b97\u6cd5\u9898\u76ee\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u540c\u65f6\u8003\u67e5\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e24\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_preface/","title":"\u7b2c 0 \u7ae0 \u00a0 \u524d\u8a00","text":"

    Abstract

    \u7b97\u6cd5\u72b9\u5982\u7f8e\u5999\u7684\u4ea4\u54cd\u4e50\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u884c\u4ee3\u7801\u90fd\u50cf\u97f5\u5f8b\u822c\u6d41\u6dcc\u3002

    \u613f\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u5728\u4f60\u7684\u8111\u6d77\u4e2d\u8f7b\u8f7b\u54cd\u8d77\uff0c\u7559\u4e0b\u72ec\u7279\u800c\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u65cb\u5f8b\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_preface/#_1","title":"\u672c\u7ae0\u5185\u5bb9","text":"
    • 0.1 \u00a0 \u5173\u4e8e\u672c\u4e66
    • 0.2 \u00a0 \u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u672c\u4e66
    • 0.3 \u00a0 \u5c0f\u7ed3
    "},{"location":"chapter_preface/about_the_book/","title":"0.1 \u00a0 \u5173\u4e8e\u672c\u4e66","text":"

    \u672c\u9879\u76ee\u65e8\u5728\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u672c\u5f00\u6e90\u3001\u514d\u8d39\u3001\u5bf9\u65b0\u624b\u53cb\u597d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u7b97\u6cd5\u5165\u95e8\u6559\u7a0b\u3002

    • \u5168\u4e66\u91c7\u7528\u52a8\u753b\u56fe\u89e3\uff0c\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u5730\u8bb2\u89e3\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u7b97\u6cd5\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u5185\u5bb9\u6e05\u6670\u6613\u61c2\uff0c\u5b66\u4e60\u66f2\u7ebf\u5e73\u6ed1\u3002
    • \u7b97\u6cd5\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u7686\u53ef\u4e00\u952e\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u652f\u6301 Python\u3001C++\u3001Java\u3001C#\u3001Go\u3001Swift\u3001JavaScript\u3001TypeScript\u3001Dart\u3001Rust\u3001C \u548c Zig \u7b49\u8bed\u8a00\u3002
    • \u9f13\u52b1\u8bfb\u8005\u5728\u7ebf\u4e0a\u7ae0\u8282\u8bc4\u8bba\u533a\u4e92\u5e2e\u4e92\u52a9\u3001\u5171\u540c\u8fdb\u6b65\uff0c\u63d0\u95ee\u4e0e\u8bc4\u8bba\u901a\u5e38\u53ef\u5728\u4e24\u65e5\u5185\u5f97\u5230\u56de\u590d\u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_preface/about_the_book/#011","title":"0.1.1 \u00a0 \u8bfb\u8005\u5bf9\u8c61","text":"

    \u82e5\u4f60\u662f\u7b97\u6cd5\u521d\u5b66\u8005\uff0c\u4ece\u672a\u63a5\u89e6\u8fc7\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u5237\u9898\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u7b97\u6cd5\u6709\u6a21\u7cca\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\uff0c\u5728\u4f1a\u4e0e\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4e4b\u95f4\u53cd\u590d\u6a2a\u8df3\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u672c\u4e66\u6b63\u662f\u4e3a\u4f60\u91cf\u8eab\u5b9a\u5236\u7684\uff01

    \u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5df2\u7ecf\u79ef\u7d2f\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u5237\u9898\u91cf\uff0c\u719f\u6089\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u9898\u578b\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u672c\u4e66\u53ef\u52a9\u4f60\u56de\u987e\u4e0e\u68b3\u7406\u7b97\u6cd5\u77e5\u8bc6\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u4ed3\u5e93\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f53\u4f5c\u201c\u5237\u9898\u5de5\u5177\u5e93\u201d\u6216\u201c\u7b97\u6cd5\u5b57\u5178\u201d\u6765\u4f7f\u7528\u3002

    \u82e5\u4f60\u662f\u7b97\u6cd5\u201c\u5927\u795e\u201d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u671f\u5f85\u6536\u5230\u4f60\u7684\u5b9d\u8d35\u5efa\u8bae\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4e00\u8d77\u53c2\u4e0e\u521b\u4f5c\u3002

    \u524d\u7f6e\u6761\u4ef6

    \u4f60\u9700\u8981\u81f3\u5c11\u5177\u5907\u4efb\u4e00\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u7f16\u7a0b\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u9605\u8bfb\u548c\u7f16\u5199\u7b80\u5355\u4ee3\u7801\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_preface/about_the_book/#012","title":"0.1.2 \u00a0 \u5185\u5bb9\u7ed3\u6784","text":"

    \u672c\u4e66\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5185\u5bb9\u5982\u56fe 0-1 \u6240\u793a\u3002

    • \u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5206\u6790\uff1a\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u8bc4\u4ef7\u7ef4\u5ea6\u4e0e\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7684\u63a8\u7b97\u65b9\u6cd5\u3001\u5e38\u89c1\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u793a\u4f8b\u7b49\u3002
    • \u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a\u57fa\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u5206\u7c7b\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u94fe\u8868\u3001\u6808\u3001\u961f\u5217\u3001\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u3001\u6811\u3001\u5806\u3001\u56fe\u7b49\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u3001\u4f18\u7f3a\u70b9\u3001\u5e38\u7528\u64cd\u4f5c\u3001\u5e38\u89c1\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u5178\u578b\u5e94\u7528\u3001\u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u6cd5\u7b49\u3002
    • \u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u641c\u7d22\u3001\u6392\u5e8f\u3001\u5206\u6cbb\u3001\u56de\u6eaf\u3001\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u3001\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b49\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u3001\u4f18\u7f3a\u70b9\u3001\u6548\u7387\u3001\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\u3001\u89e3\u9898\u6b65\u9aa4\u548c\u793a\u4f8b\u95ee\u9898\u7b49\u3002

    \u56fe 0-1 \u00a0 \u672c\u4e66\u4e3b\u8981\u5185\u5bb9

    "},{"location":"chapter_preface/about_the_book/#013","title":"0.1.3 \u00a0 \u81f4\u8c22","text":"

    \u672c\u4e66\u5728\u5f00\u6e90\u793e\u533a\u4f17\u591a\u8d21\u732e\u8005\u7684\u5171\u540c\u52aa\u529b\u4e0b\u4e0d\u65ad\u5b8c\u5584\u3002\u611f\u8c22\u6bcf\u4e00\u4f4d\u6295\u5165\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0e\u7cbe\u529b\u7684\u64b0\u7a3f\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\uff08\u6309\u7167 GitHub \u81ea\u52a8\u751f\u6210\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\uff09\uff1akrahets\u3001codingonion\u3001nuomi1\u3001Gonglja\u3001Reanon\u3001justin-tse\u3001danielsss\u3001hpstory\u3001S-N-O-R-L-A-X\u3001night-cruise\u3001msk397\u3001gvenusleo\u3001RiverTwilight\u3001gyt95\u3001zhuoqinyue\u3001Zuoxun\u3001Xia-Sang\u3001mingXta\u3001FangYuan33\u3001GN-Yu\u3001IsChristina\u3001xBLACKICEx\u3001guowei-gong\u3001Cathay-Chen\u3001mgisr\u3001JoseHung\u3001qualifier1024\u3001pengchzn\u3001Guanngxu\u3001longsizhuo\u3001L-Super\u3001what-is-me\u3001yuan0221\u3001lhxsm\u3001Slone123c\u3001WSL0809\u3001longranger2\u3001theNefelibatas\u3001xiongsp\u3001JeffersonHuang\u3001hongyun-robot\u3001K3v123\u3001yuelinxin\u3001a16su\u3001gaofer\u3001malone6\u3001Wonderdch\u3001xjr7670\u3001DullSword\u3001Horbin-Magician\u3001NI-SW\u3001reeswell\u3001XC-Zero\u3001XiaChuerwu\u3001yd-j\u3001iron-irax\u3001huawuque404\u3001MolDuM\u3001Nigh\u3001KorsChen\u3001foursevenlove\u300152coder\u3001bubble9um\u3001youshaoXG\u3001curly210102\u3001gltianwen\u3001fanchenggang\u3001Transmigration-zhou\u3001FloranceYeh\u3001FreddieLi\u3001ShiMaRing\u3001lipusheng\u3001Javesun99\u3001JackYang-hellobobo\u3001shanghai-Jerry\u30010130w\u3001Keynman\u3001psychelzh\u3001logan-qiu\u3001ZnYang2018\u3001MwumLi\u30011ch0\u3001Phoenix0415\u3001qingpeng9802\u3001Richard-Zhang1019\u3001QiLOL\u3001Suremotoo\u3001Turing-1024-Lee\u3001Evilrabbit520\u3001GaochaoZhu\u3001ZJKung\u3001linzeyan\u3001hezhizhen\u3001ZongYangL\u3001beintentional\u3001czruby\u3001coderlef\u3001dshlstarr\u3001szu17dmy\u3001fbigm\u3001gledfish\u3001hts0000\u3001boloboloda\u3001iStig\u3001jiaxianhua\u3001wenjianmin\u3001keshida\u3001kilikilikid\u3001lclc6\u3001lwbaptx\u3001liuxjerry\u3001lucaswangdev\u3001lyl625760\u3001chadyi\u3001noobcodemaker\u3001selear\u3001siqyka\u3001syd168\u30014yDX3906\u3001tao363\u3001wangwang105\u3001weibk\u3001yabo083\u3001yi427\u3001yishangzhang\u3001zhouLion\u3001baagod\u3001ElaBosak233\u3001xb534\u3001luluxia\u3001yanedie\u3001thomasq0 \u548c YangXuanyi\u3002

    \u672c\u4e66\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u5ba1\u9605\u5de5\u4f5c\u7531 codingonion, Gonglja\u3001gvenusleo\u3001hpstory\u3001justin\u2010tse\u3001krahets\u3001night-cruise\u3001nuomi1 \u548c Reanon \u5b8c\u6210\uff08\u6309\u7167\u9996\u5b57\u6bcd\u987a\u5e8f\u6392\u5217\uff09\u3002\u611f\u8c22\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ed8\u51fa\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0e\u7cbe\u529b\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u786e\u4fdd\u4e86\u5404\u8bed\u8a00\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u89c4\u8303\u4e0e\u7edf\u4e00\u3002

    \u5728\u672c\u4e66\u7684\u521b\u4f5c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002

    • \u611f\u8c22\u6211\u5728\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u5bfc\u5e08\u674e\u6c50\u535a\u58eb\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u6b21\u7545\u8c08\u4e2d\u4f60\u9f13\u52b1\u6211\u201c\u5feb\u884c\u52a8\u8d77\u6765\u201d\uff0c\u575a\u5b9a\u4e86\u6211\u5199\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u7684\u51b3\u5fc3\uff1b
    • \u611f\u8c22\u6211\u7684\u5973\u670b\u53cb\u6ce1\u6ce1\u4f5c\u4e3a\u672c\u4e66\u7684\u9996\u4f4d\u8bfb\u8005\uff0c\u4ece\u7b97\u6cd5\u5c0f\u767d\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u63d0\u51fa\u8bb8\u591a\u5b9d\u8d35\u5efa\u8bae\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u672c\u4e66\u66f4\u9002\u5408\u65b0\u624b\u9605\u8bfb\uff1b
    • \u611f\u8c22\u817e\u5b9d\u3001\u7426\u5b9d\u3001\u98de\u5b9d\u4e3a\u672c\u4e66\u8d77\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bcc\u6709\u521b\u610f\u7684\u540d\u5b57\uff0c\u5524\u8d77\u5927\u5bb6\u5199\u4e0b\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u4ee3\u7801 \"Hello World!\" \u7684\u7f8e\u597d\u56de\u5fc6\uff1b
    • \u611f\u8c22\u6821\u94e8\u5728\u77e5\u8bc6\u4ea7\u6743\u65b9\u9762\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u4e13\u4e1a\u5e2e\u52a9\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bf9\u672c\u5f00\u6e90\u4e66\u7684\u5b8c\u5584\u8d77\u5230\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\uff1b
    • \u611f\u8c22\u82cf\u6f7c\u4e3a\u672c\u4e66\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e86\u7cbe\u7f8e\u7684\u5c01\u9762\u548c logo \uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u6211\u7684\u5f3a\u8feb\u75c7\u7684\u9a71\u4f7f\u4e0b\u591a\u6b21\u8010\u5fc3\u4fee\u6539\uff1b
    • \u611f\u8c22 @squidfunk \u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u6392\u7248\u5efa\u8bae\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ed6\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u5f00\u6e90\u6587\u6863\u4e3b\u9898 Material-for-MkDocs \u3002

    \u5728\u5199\u4f5c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u9605\u8bfb\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u5173\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u6559\u6750\u548c\u6587\u7ae0\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e3a\u672c\u4e66\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4f18\u79c0\u7684\u8303\u672c\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u4e86\u672c\u4e66\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u6027\u4e0e\u54c1\u8d28\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u611f\u8c22\u6240\u6709\u8001\u5e08\u548c\u524d\u8f88\u4eec\u7684\u6770\u51fa\u8d21\u732e\uff01

    \u672c\u4e66\u5021\u5bfc\u624b\u8111\u5e76\u7528\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u4e0a\u6211\u6df1\u53d7\u300a\u52a8\u624b\u5b66\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u300b\u7684\u542f\u53d1\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u5411\u5404\u4f4d\u8bfb\u8005\u5f3a\u70c8\u63a8\u8350\u8fd9\u672c\u4f18\u79c0\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u3002

    \u8877\u5fc3\u611f\u8c22\u6211\u7684\u7236\u6bcd\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u4f60\u4eec\u4e00\u76f4\u4ee5\u6765\u7684\u652f\u6301\u4e0e\u9f13\u52b1\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\u505a\u8fd9\u4ef6\u5bcc\u6709\u8da3\u5473\u7684\u4e8b\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_preface/suggestions/","title":"0.2 \u00a0 \u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u672c\u4e66","text":"

    Tip

    \u4e3a\u4e86\u83b7\u5f97\u6700\u4f73\u7684\u9605\u8bfb\u4f53\u9a8c\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u4f60\u901a\u8bfb\u672c\u8282\u5185\u5bb9\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_preface/suggestions/#021","title":"0.2.1 \u00a0 \u884c\u6587\u98ce\u683c\u7ea6\u5b9a","text":"
    • \u6807\u9898\u540e\u6807\u6ce8 * \u7684\u662f\u9009\u8bfb\u7ae0\u8282\uff0c\u5185\u5bb9\u76f8\u5bf9\u56f0\u96be\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5148\u8df3\u8fc7\u3002
    • \u91cd\u8981\u4e13\u6709\u540d\u8bcd\u53ca\u5176\u82f1\u6587\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4f1a\u7528 \u300c \u300d \u62ec\u53f7\u6807\u6ce8\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 \u300c\u6570\u7ec4 array\u300d \u3002\u5efa\u8bae\u8bb0\u4f4f\u5b83\u4eec\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u9605\u8bfb\u6587\u732e\u3002
    • \u4e13\u6709\u540d\u8bcd\u548c\u6709\u7279\u6307\u542b\u4e49\u7684\u8bcd\u53e5\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528 \u201c\u5f15\u53f7\u201d \u6807\u6ce8\uff0c\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u6b67\u4e49\u3002
    • \u91cd\u8981\u540d\u8bcd\u3001\u91cd\u70b9\u5185\u5bb9\u548c\u603b\u7ed3\u6027\u8bed\u53e5\u4f1a \u52a0\u7c97 \uff0c\u8fd9\u7c7b\u6587\u5b57\u503c\u5f97\u7279\u522b\u5173\u6ce8\u3002
    • \u5f53\u6d89\u53ca\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\u65f6\uff0c\u672c\u4e66\u5747\u4ee5 Python \u4e3a\u51c6\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4f7f\u7528 None \u6765\u8868\u793a\u201c\u7a7a\u201d\u3002
    • \u672c\u4e66\u90e8\u5206\u653e\u5f03\u4e86\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u6ce8\u91ca\u89c4\u8303\uff0c\u4ee5\u6362\u53d6\u66f4\u52a0\u7d27\u51d1\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u6392\u7248\u3002\u6ce8\u91ca\u4e3b\u8981\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\uff1a\u6807\u9898\u6ce8\u91ca\u3001\u5185\u5bb9\u6ce8\u91ca\u3001\u591a\u884c\u6ce8\u91ca\u3002
    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig 
    \"\"\"\u6807\u9898\u6ce8\u91ca\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6807\u6ce8\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u7c7b\u3001\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6837\u4f8b\u7b49\"\"\"\n\n# \u5185\u5bb9\u6ce8\u91ca\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8be6\u89e3\u4ee3\u7801\n\n\"\"\"\n\u591a\u884c\n\u6ce8\u91ca\n\"\"\"\n
    /* \u6807\u9898\u6ce8\u91ca\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6807\u6ce8\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u7c7b\u3001\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6837\u4f8b\u7b49 */\n\n// \u5185\u5bb9\u6ce8\u91ca\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8be6\u89e3\u4ee3\u7801\n\n/**\n * \u591a\u884c\n * \u6ce8\u91ca\n */\n
    /* \u6807\u9898\u6ce8\u91ca\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6807\u6ce8\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u7c7b\u3001\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6837\u4f8b\u7b49 */\n\n// \u5185\u5bb9\u6ce8\u91ca\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8be6\u89e3\u4ee3\u7801\n\n/**\n * \u591a\u884c\n * \u6ce8\u91ca\n */\n
    /* \u6807\u9898\u6ce8\u91ca\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6807\u6ce8\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u7c7b\u3001\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6837\u4f8b\u7b49 */\n\n// \u5185\u5bb9\u6ce8\u91ca\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8be6\u89e3\u4ee3\u7801\n\n/**\n * \u591a\u884c\n * \u6ce8\u91ca\n */\n
    /* \u6807\u9898\u6ce8\u91ca\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6807\u6ce8\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u7c7b\u3001\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6837\u4f8b\u7b49 */\n\n// \u5185\u5bb9\u6ce8\u91ca\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8be6\u89e3\u4ee3\u7801\n\n/**\n * \u591a\u884c\n * \u6ce8\u91ca\n */\n
    /* \u6807\u9898\u6ce8\u91ca\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6807\u6ce8\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u7c7b\u3001\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6837\u4f8b\u7b49 */\n\n// \u5185\u5bb9\u6ce8\u91ca\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8be6\u89e3\u4ee3\u7801\n\n/**\n * \u591a\u884c\n * \u6ce8\u91ca\n */\n
    /* \u6807\u9898\u6ce8\u91ca\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6807\u6ce8\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u7c7b\u3001\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6837\u4f8b\u7b49 */\n\n// \u5185\u5bb9\u6ce8\u91ca\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8be6\u89e3\u4ee3\u7801\n\n/**\n * \u591a\u884c\n * \u6ce8\u91ca\n */\n
    /* \u6807\u9898\u6ce8\u91ca\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6807\u6ce8\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u7c7b\u3001\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6837\u4f8b\u7b49 */\n\n// \u5185\u5bb9\u6ce8\u91ca\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8be6\u89e3\u4ee3\u7801\n\n/**\n * \u591a\u884c\n * \u6ce8\u91ca\n */\n
    /* \u6807\u9898\u6ce8\u91ca\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6807\u6ce8\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u7c7b\u3001\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6837\u4f8b\u7b49 */\n\n// \u5185\u5bb9\u6ce8\u91ca\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8be6\u89e3\u4ee3\u7801\n\n/**\n * \u591a\u884c\n * \u6ce8\u91ca\n */\n
    /* \u6807\u9898\u6ce8\u91ca\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6807\u6ce8\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u7c7b\u3001\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6837\u4f8b\u7b49 */\n\n// \u5185\u5bb9\u6ce8\u91ca\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8be6\u89e3\u4ee3\u7801\n\n/**\n * \u591a\u884c\n * \u6ce8\u91ca\n */\n
    /* \u6807\u9898\u6ce8\u91ca\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6807\u6ce8\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u7c7b\u3001\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6837\u4f8b\u7b49 */\n\n// \u5185\u5bb9\u6ce8\u91ca\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8be6\u89e3\u4ee3\u7801\n\n/**\n * \u591a\u884c\n * \u6ce8\u91ca\n */\n
    // \u6807\u9898\u6ce8\u91ca\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6807\u6ce8\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u7c7b\u3001\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6837\u4f8b\u7b49\n\n// \u5185\u5bb9\u6ce8\u91ca\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8be6\u89e3\u4ee3\u7801\n\n// \u591a\u884c\n// \u6ce8\u91ca\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_preface/suggestions/#022","title":"0.2.2 \u00a0 \u5728\u52a8\u753b\u56fe\u89e3\u4e2d\u9ad8\u6548\u5b66\u4e60","text":"

    \u76f8\u8f83\u4e8e\u6587\u5b57\uff0c\u89c6\u9891\u548c\u56fe\u7247\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u5bc6\u5ea6\u548c\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u66f4\u6613\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u5728\u672c\u4e66\u4e2d\uff0c\u91cd\u70b9\u548c\u96be\u70b9\u77e5\u8bc6\u5c06\u4e3b\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u52a8\u753b\u4ee5\u56fe\u89e3\u5f62\u5f0f\u5c55\u793a\uff0c\u800c\u6587\u5b57\u5219\u4f5c\u4e3a\u89e3\u91ca\u4e0e\u8865\u5145\u3002

    \u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5728\u9605\u8bfb\u672c\u4e66\u65f6\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u67d0\u6bb5\u5185\u5bb9\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5982\u56fe 0-2 \u6240\u793a\u7684\u52a8\u753b\u6216\u56fe\u89e3\uff0c\u8bf7\u4ee5\u56fe\u4e3a\u4e3b\u3001\u4ee5\u6587\u5b57\u4e3a\u8f85\uff0c\u7efc\u5408\u4e24\u8005\u6765\u7406\u89e3\u5185\u5bb9\u3002

    \u56fe 0-2 \u00a0 \u52a8\u753b\u56fe\u89e3\u793a\u4f8b

    "},{"location":"chapter_preface/suggestions/#023","title":"0.2.3 \u00a0 \u5728\u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u52a0\u6df1\u7406\u89e3","text":"

    \u672c\u4e66\u7684\u914d\u5957\u4ee3\u7801\u6258\u7ba1\u5728 GitHub \u4ed3\u5e93\u3002\u5982\u56fe 0-3 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u9644\u6709\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6837\u4f8b\uff0c\u53ef\u4e00\u952e\u8fd0\u884c\u3002

    \u5982\u679c\u65f6\u95f4\u5141\u8bb8\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u4f60\u53c2\u7167\u4ee3\u7801\u81ea\u884c\u6572\u4e00\u904d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5b66\u4e60\u65f6\u95f4\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u8bf7\u81f3\u5c11\u901a\u8bfb\u5e76\u8fd0\u884c\u6240\u6709\u4ee3\u7801\u3002

    \u4e0e\u9605\u8bfb\u4ee3\u7801\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u7f16\u5199\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5f80\u5f80\u80fd\u5e26\u6765\u66f4\u591a\u6536\u83b7\u3002\u52a8\u624b\u5b66\uff0c\u624d\u662f\u771f\u7684\u5b66\u3002

    \u56fe 0-3 \u00a0 \u8fd0\u884c\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b

    \u8fd0\u884c\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u524d\u7f6e\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e3b\u8981\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u6b65\u3002

    \u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\uff1a\u5b89\u88c5\u672c\u5730\u7f16\u7a0b\u73af\u5883\u3002\u8bf7\u53c2\u7167\u9644\u5f55\u6240\u793a\u7684\u6559\u7a0b\u8fdb\u884c\u5b89\u88c5\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5df2\u5b89\u88c5\uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u8df3\u8fc7\u6b64\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002

    \u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b65\uff1a\u514b\u9686\u6216\u4e0b\u8f7d\u4ee3\u7801\u4ed3\u5e93\u3002\u524d\u5f80 GitHub \u4ed3\u5e93\u3002

    \u5982\u679c\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b89\u88c5 Git \uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u514b\u9686\u672c\u4ed3\u5e93\uff1a

    git clone https://github.com/krahets/hello-algo.git\n

    \u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u4f60\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u56fe 0-4 \u6240\u793a\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u70b9\u51fb\u201cDownload ZIP\u201d\u6309\u94ae\u76f4\u63a5\u4e0b\u8f7d\u4ee3\u7801\u538b\u7f29\u5305\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5728\u672c\u5730\u89e3\u538b\u5373\u53ef\u3002

    \u56fe 0-4 \u00a0 \u514b\u9686\u4ed3\u5e93\u4e0e\u4e0b\u8f7d\u4ee3\u7801

    \u7b2c\u4e09\u6b65\uff1a\u8fd0\u884c\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u3002\u5982\u56fe 0-5 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9876\u90e8\u6807\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u79f0\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u5757\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4ed3\u5e93\u7684 codes \u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u5185\u627e\u5230\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u6587\u4ef6\u53ef\u4e00\u952e\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u5c06\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f60\u8282\u7701\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u8c03\u8bd5\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u8ba9\u4f60\u80fd\u591f\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u5b66\u4e60\u5185\u5bb9\u3002

    \u56fe 0-5 \u00a0 \u4ee3\u7801\u5757\u4e0e\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u6587\u4ef6

    "},{"location":"chapter_preface/suggestions/#024","title":"0.2.4 \u00a0 \u5728\u63d0\u95ee\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e2d\u5171\u540c\u6210\u957f","text":"

    \u5728\u9605\u8bfb\u672c\u4e66\u65f6\uff0c\u8bf7\u4e0d\u8981\u8f7b\u6613\u8df3\u8fc7\u90a3\u4e9b\u6ca1\u5b66\u660e\u767d\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\u3002\u6b22\u8fce\u5728\u8bc4\u8bba\u533a\u63d0\u51fa\u4f60\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6211\u548c\u5c0f\u4f19\u4f34\u4eec\u5c06\u7aed\u8bda\u4e3a\u4f60\u89e3\u7b54\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u53ef\u5728\u4e24\u5929\u5185\u56de\u590d\u3002

    \u5982\u56fe 0-6 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u7f51\u9875\u7248\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ae0\u8282\u7684\u5e95\u90e8\u90fd\u914d\u6709\u8bc4\u8bba\u533a\u3002\u5e0c\u671b\u4f60\u80fd\u591a\u5173\u6ce8\u8bc4\u8bba\u533a\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e86\u89e3\u5927\u5bb6\u9047\u5230\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u67e5\u6f0f\u8865\u7f3a\uff0c\u6fc0\u53d1\u66f4\u6df1\u5165\u7684\u601d\u8003\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u671f\u5f85\u4f60\u80fd\u6177\u6168\u5730\u56de\u7b54\u5176\u4ed6\u5c0f\u4f19\u4f34\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5206\u4eab\u4f60\u7684\u89c1\u89e3\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u4ed6\u4eba\u8fdb\u6b65\u3002

    \u56fe 0-6 \u00a0 \u8bc4\u8bba\u533a\u793a\u4f8b

    "},{"location":"chapter_preface/suggestions/#025","title":"0.2.5 \u00a0 \u7b97\u6cd5\u5b66\u4e60\u8def\u7ebf","text":"

    \u4ece\u603b\u4f53\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u5b66\u4e60\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\u3002

    1. \u9636\u6bb5\u4e00\uff1a\u7b97\u6cd5\u5165\u95e8\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u719f\u6089\u5404\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u548c\u7528\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b66\u4e60\u4e0d\u540c\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u539f\u7406\u3001\u6d41\u7a0b\u3001\u7528\u9014\u548c\u6548\u7387\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002
    2. \u9636\u6bb5\u4e8c\uff1a\u5237\u7b97\u6cd5\u9898\u3002\u5efa\u8bae\u4ece\u70ed\u95e8\u9898\u76ee\u5f00\u5237\uff0c\u5982\u201c\u5251\u6307 Offer\u201d\u548c\u201cLeetCode Hot 100\u201d\uff0c\u5148\u79ef\u7d2f\u81f3\u5c11 100 \u9053\u9898\u76ee\uff0c\u719f\u6089\u4e3b\u6d41\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u521d\u6b21\u5237\u9898\u65f6\uff0c\u201c\u77e5\u8bc6\u9057\u5fd8\u201d\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u4f46\u8bf7\u653e\u5fc3\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u5f88\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309\u7167\u201c\u827e\u5bbe\u6d69\u65af\u9057\u5fd8\u66f2\u7ebf\u201d\u6765\u590d\u4e60\u9898\u76ee\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u5728\u8fdb\u884c 3\uff5e5 \u8f6e\u7684\u91cd\u590d\u540e\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u5c06\u5176\u7262\u8bb0\u5728\u5fc3\u3002
    3. \u9636\u6bb5\u4e09\uff1a\u642d\u5efa\u77e5\u8bc6\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002\u5728\u5b66\u4e60\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u9605\u8bfb\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e13\u680f\u6587\u7ae0\u3001\u89e3\u9898\u6846\u67b6\u548c\u7b97\u6cd5\u6559\u6750\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0d\u65ad\u4e30\u5bcc\u77e5\u8bc6\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002\u5728\u5237\u9898\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c1d\u8bd5\u91c7\u7528\u8fdb\u9636\u5237\u9898\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u5982\u6309\u4e13\u9898\u5206\u7c7b\u3001\u4e00\u9898\u591a\u89e3\u3001\u4e00\u89e3\u591a\u9898\u7b49\uff0c\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u5237\u9898\u5fc3\u5f97\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5404\u4e2a\u793e\u533a\u627e\u5230\u3002

    \u5982\u56fe 0-7 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u672c\u4e66\u5185\u5bb9\u4e3b\u8981\u6db5\u76d6\u201c\u9636\u6bb5\u4e00\u201d\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f60\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548\u5730\u5c55\u5f00\u9636\u6bb5\u4e8c\u548c\u9636\u6bb5\u4e09\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u3002

    \u56fe 0-7 \u00a0 \u7b97\u6cd5\u5b66\u4e60\u8def\u7ebf

    "},{"location":"chapter_preface/summary/","title":"0.3 \u00a0 \u5c0f\u7ed3","text":"
    • \u672c\u4e66\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u53d7\u4f17\u662f\u7b97\u6cd5\u521d\u5b66\u8005\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5df2\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u672c\u4e66\u80fd\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f60\u7cfb\u7edf\u56de\u987e\u7b97\u6cd5\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u4e66\u4e2d\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u4e5f\u53ef\u4f5c\u4e3a\u201c\u5237\u9898\u5de5\u5177\u5e93\u201d\u4f7f\u7528\u3002
    • \u4e66\u4e2d\u5185\u5bb9\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u62ec\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5206\u6790\u3001\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e09\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u6db5\u76d6\u4e86\u8be5\u9886\u57df\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u4e3b\u9898\u3002
    • \u5bf9\u4e8e\u7b97\u6cd5\u65b0\u624b\uff0c\u5728\u521d\u5b66\u9636\u6bb5\u9605\u8bfb\u4e00\u672c\u5165\u95e8\u4e66\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c11\u8d70\u8bb8\u591a\u5f2f\u8def\u3002
    • \u4e66\u4e2d\u7684\u52a8\u753b\u56fe\u89e3\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u4ecb\u7ecd\u91cd\u70b9\u548c\u96be\u70b9\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002\u9605\u8bfb\u672c\u4e66\u65f6\uff0c\u5e94\u7ed9\u4e88\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5185\u5bb9\u66f4\u591a\u5173\u6ce8\u3002
    • \u5b9e\u8df5\u4e43\u5b66\u4e60\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e4b\u6700\u4f73\u9014\u5f84\u3002\u5f3a\u70c8\u5efa\u8bae\u8fd0\u884c\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u5e76\u4eb2\u81ea\u6572\u4ee3\u7801\u3002
    • \u672c\u4e66\u7f51\u9875\u7248\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ae0\u8282\u90fd\u8bbe\u6709\u8bc4\u8bba\u533a\uff0c\u6b22\u8fce\u968f\u65f6\u5206\u4eab\u4f60\u7684\u7591\u60d1\u4e0e\u89c1\u89e3\u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_reference/","title":"\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e","text":"

    [1] Thomas H. Cormen, et al. Introduction to Algorithms (3rd Edition).

    [2] Aditya Bhargava. Grokking Algorithms: An Illustrated Guide for Programmers and Other Curious People (1st Edition).

    [3] \u4e25\u851a\u654f. \u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff08C \u8bed\u8a00\u7248\uff09.

    [4] \u9093\u4fca\u8f89. \u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff08C++ \u8bed\u8a00\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e09\u7248\uff09.

    [5] \u9a6c\u514b \u827e\u4f26 \u7ef4\u65af\u8457\uff0c\u9648\u8d8a\u8bd1. \u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u7b97\u6cd5\u5206\u6790\uff1aJava\u8bed\u8a00\u63cf\u8ff0\uff08\u7b2c\u4e09\u7248\uff09.

    [6] \u7a0b\u6770. \u5927\u8bdd\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784.

    [7] \u738b\u4e89. \u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e4b\u7f8e.

    [8] Gayle Laakmann McDowell. Cracking the Coding Interview: 189 Programming Questions and Solutions (6th Edition).

    [9] Aston Zhang, et al. Dive into Deep Learning.

    "},{"location":"chapter_searching/","title":"\u7b2c 10 \u7ae0 \u00a0 \u641c\u7d22","text":"

    Abstract

    \u641c\u7d22\u662f\u4e00\u573a\u672a\u77e5\u7684\u5192\u9669\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6216\u8bb8\u9700\u8981\u8d70\u904d\u795e\u79d8\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u89d2\u843d\uff0c\u53c8\u6216\u8bb8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5feb\u901f\u9501\u5b9a\u76ee\u6807\u3002

    \u5728\u8fd9\u573a\u5bfb\u89c5\u4e4b\u65c5\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u63a2\u7d22\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u672a\u66fe\u6599\u60f3\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_searching/#_1","title":"\u672c\u7ae0\u5185\u5bb9","text":"
    • 10.1 \u00a0 \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e
    • 10.2 \u00a0 \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u70b9
    • 10.3 \u00a0 \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u8fb9\u754c
    • 10.4 \u00a0 \u54c8\u5e0c\u4f18\u5316\u7b56\u7565
    • 10.5 \u00a0 \u91cd\u8bc6\u641c\u7d22\u7b97\u6cd5
    • 10.6 \u00a0 \u5c0f\u7ed3
    "},{"location":"chapter_searching/binary_search/","title":"10.1 \u00a0 \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e","text":"

    \u300c\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e binary search\u300d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u57fa\u4e8e\u5206\u6cbb\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u9ad8\u6548\u641c\u7d22\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002\u5b83\u5229\u7528\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6709\u5e8f\u6027\uff0c\u6bcf\u8f6e\u7f29\u5c0f\u4e00\u534a\u641c\u7d22\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\u6216\u641c\u7d22\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u4e3a\u6b62\u3002

    Question

    \u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(n\\) \u7684\u6570\u7ec4 nums \uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u6309\u4ece\u5c0f\u5230\u5927\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u6392\u5217\u4e14\u4e0d\u91cd\u590d\u3002\u8bf7\u67e5\u627e\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u5143\u7d20 target \u5728\u8be5\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u3002\u82e5\u6570\u7ec4\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u8be5\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de \\(-1\\) \u3002\u793a\u4f8b\u5982\u56fe 10-1 \u6240\u793a\u3002

    \u56fe 10-1 \u00a0 \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u793a\u4f8b\u6570\u636e

    \u5982\u56fe 10-2 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5148\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6307\u9488 \\(i = 0\\) \u548c \\(j = n - 1\\) \uff0c\u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u548c\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u641c\u7d22\u533a\u95f4 \\([0, n - 1]\\) \u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u4e2d\u62ec\u53f7\u8868\u793a\u95ed\u533a\u95f4\uff0c\u5176\u5305\u542b\u8fb9\u754c\u503c\u672c\u8eab\u3002

    \u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u5faa\u73af\u6267\u884c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e24\u6b65\u3002

    1. \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 \\(m = \\lfloor {(i + j) / 2} \\rfloor\\) \uff0c\u5176\u4e2d \\(\\lfloor \\: \\rfloor\\) \u8868\u793a\u5411\u4e0b\u53d6\u6574\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002
    2. \u5224\u65ad nums[m] \u548c target \u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5206\u4e3a\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e09\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u3002
      1. \u5f53 nums[m] < target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 \\([m + 1, j]\\) \u4e2d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6267\u884c \\(i = m + 1\\) \u3002
      2. \u5f53 nums[m] > target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 \\([i, m - 1]\\) \u4e2d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6267\u884c \\(j = m - 1\\) \u3002
      3. \u5f53 nums[m] = target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8fd4\u56de\u7d22\u5f15 \\(m\\) \u3002

    \u82e5\u6570\u7ec4\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u641c\u7d22\u533a\u95f4\u6700\u7ec8\u4f1a\u7f29\u5c0f\u4e3a\u7a7a\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\u8fd4\u56de \\(-1\\) \u3002

    <1><2><3><4><5><6><7>

    \u56fe 10-2 \u00a0 \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u6d41\u7a0b

    \u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e \\(i\\) \u548c \\(j\\) \u90fd\u662f int \u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64 \\(i + j\\) \u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u8d85\u51fa int \u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u53d6\u503c\u8303\u56f4\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u5927\u6570\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u91c7\u7528\u516c\u5f0f \\(m = \\lfloor {i + (j - i) / 2} \\rfloor\\) \u6765\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u3002

    \u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig binary_search.py
    def binary_search(nums: list[int], target: int) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff08\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4\uff09\"\"\"\n    # \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4 [0, n-1] \uff0c\u5373 i, j \u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u3001\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\n    i, j = 0, len(nums) - 1\n    # \u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u5f53\u641c\u7d22\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u8df3\u51fa\uff08\u5f53 i > j \u65f6\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff09\n    while i <= j:\n        # \u7406\u8bba\u4e0a Python \u7684\u6570\u5b57\u53ef\u4ee5\u65e0\u9650\u5927\uff08\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5185\u5b58\u5927\u5c0f\uff09\uff0c\u65e0\u987b\u8003\u8651\u5927\u6570\u8d8a\u754c\u95ee\u9898\n        m = (i + j) // 2  # \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\n        if nums[m] < target:\n            i = m + 1  # \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j] \u4e2d\n        elif nums[m] > target:\n            j = m - 1  # \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\n        else:\n            return m  # \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u7d22\u5f15\n    return -1  # \u672a\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\n
    binary_search.cpp
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff08\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4\uff09 */\nint binarySearch(vector<int> &nums, int target) {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4 [0, n-1] \uff0c\u5373 i, j \u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u3001\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\n    int i = 0, j = nums.size() - 1;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u5f53\u641c\u7d22\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u8df3\u51fa\uff08\u5f53 i > j \u65f6\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff09\n    while (i <= j) {\n        int m = i + (j - i) / 2; // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\n        if (nums[m] < target)    // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j] \u4e2d\n            i = m + 1;\n        else if (nums[m] > target) // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\n            j = m - 1;\n        else // \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u7d22\u5f15\n            return m;\n    }\n    // \u672a\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\n    return -1;\n}\n
    binary_search.java
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff08\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4\uff09 */\nint binarySearch(int[] nums, int target) {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4 [0, n-1] \uff0c\u5373 i, j \u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u3001\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\n    int i = 0, j = nums.length - 1;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u5f53\u641c\u7d22\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u8df3\u51fa\uff08\u5f53 i > j \u65f6\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff09\n    while (i <= j) {\n        int m = i + (j - i) / 2; // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\n        if (nums[m] < target) // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j] \u4e2d\n            i = m + 1;\n        else if (nums[m] > target) // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\n            j = m - 1;\n        else // \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u7d22\u5f15\n            return m;\n    }\n    // \u672a\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\n    return -1;\n}\n
    binary_search.cs
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff08\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4\uff09 */\nint BinarySearch(int[] nums, int target) {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4 [0, n-1] \uff0c\u5373 i, j \u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u3001\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\n    int i = 0, j = nums.Length - 1;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u5f53\u641c\u7d22\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u8df3\u51fa\uff08\u5f53 i > j \u65f6\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff09\n    while (i <= j) {\n        int m = i + (j - i) / 2;   // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\n        if (nums[m] < target)      // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j] \u4e2d\n            i = m + 1;\n        else if (nums[m] > target) // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\n            j = m - 1;\n        else                       // \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u7d22\u5f15\n            return m;\n    }\n    // \u672a\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\n    return -1;\n}\n
    binary_search.go
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff08\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4\uff09 */\nfunc binarySearch(nums []int, target int) int {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4 [0, n-1] \uff0c\u5373 i, j \u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u3001\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\n    i, j := 0, len(nums)-1\n    // \u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u5f53\u641c\u7d22\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u8df3\u51fa\uff08\u5f53 i > j \u65f6\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff09\n    for i <= j {\n        m := i + (j-i)/2      // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\n        if nums[m] < target { // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j] \u4e2d\n            i = m + 1\n        } else if nums[m] > target { // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\n            j = m - 1\n        } else { // \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u7d22\u5f15\n            return m\n        }\n    }\n    // \u672a\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\n    return -1\n}\n
    binary_search.swift
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff08\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4\uff09 */\nfunc binarySearch(nums: [Int], target: Int) -> Int {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4 [0, n-1] \uff0c\u5373 i, j \u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u3001\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\n    var i = 0\n    var j = nums.count - 1\n    // \u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u5f53\u641c\u7d22\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u8df3\u51fa\uff08\u5f53 i > j \u65f6\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff09\n    while i <= j {\n        let m = i + (j - i) / 2 // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\n        if nums[m] < target { // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j] \u4e2d\n            i = m + 1\n        } else if nums[m] > target { // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\n            j = m - 1\n        } else { // \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u7d22\u5f15\n            return m\n        }\n    }\n    // \u672a\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\n    return -1\n}\n
    binary_search.js
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff08\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4\uff09 */\nfunction binarySearch(nums, target) {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4 [0, n-1] \uff0c\u5373 i, j \u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u3001\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\n    let i = 0,\n        j = nums.length - 1;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u5f53\u641c\u7d22\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u8df3\u51fa\uff08\u5f53 i > j \u65f6\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff09\n    while (i <= j) {\n        // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m \uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 parseInt() \u5411\u4e0b\u53d6\u6574\n        const m = parseInt(i + (j - i) / 2);\n        if (nums[m] < target)\n            // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j] \u4e2d\n            i = m + 1;\n        else if (nums[m] > target)\n            // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\n            j = m - 1;\n        else return m; // \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u7d22\u5f15\n    }\n    // \u672a\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\n    return -1;\n}\n
    binary_search.ts
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff08\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4\uff09 */\nfunction binarySearch(nums: number[], target: number): number {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4 [0, n-1] \uff0c\u5373 i, j \u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u3001\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\n    let i = 0,\n        j = nums.length - 1;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u5f53\u641c\u7d22\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u8df3\u51fa\uff08\u5f53 i > j \u65f6\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff09\n    while (i <= j) {\n        // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\n        const m = Math.floor(i + (j - i) / 2);\n        if (nums[m] < target) {\n            // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j] \u4e2d\n            i = m + 1;\n        } else if (nums[m] > target) {\n            // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\n            j = m - 1;\n        } else {\n            // \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u7d22\u5f15\n            return m;\n        }\n    }\n    return -1; // \u672a\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\n}\n
    binary_search.dart
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff08\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4\uff09 */\nint binarySearch(List<int> nums, int target) {\n  // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4 [0, n-1] \uff0c\u5373 i, j \u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u3001\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\n  int i = 0, j = nums.length - 1;\n  // \u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u5f53\u641c\u7d22\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u8df3\u51fa\uff08\u5f53 i > j \u65f6\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff09\n  while (i <= j) {\n    int m = i + (j - i) ~/ 2; // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\n    if (nums[m] < target) {\n      // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j] \u4e2d\n      i = m + 1;\n    } else if (nums[m] > target) {\n      // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\n      j = m - 1;\n    } else {\n      // \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u7d22\u5f15\n      return m;\n    }\n  }\n  // \u672a\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\n  return -1;\n}\n
    binary_search.rs
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff08\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4\uff09 */\nfn binary_search(nums: &[i32], target: i32) -> i32 {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4 [0, n-1] \uff0c\u5373 i, j \u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u3001\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\n    let mut i = 0;\n    let mut j = nums.len() as i32 - 1;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u5f53\u641c\u7d22\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u8df3\u51fa\uff08\u5f53 i > j \u65f6\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff09\n    while i <= j {\n        let m = i + (j - i) / 2;      // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\n        if nums[m as usize] < target {         // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j] \u4e2d\n            i = m + 1;\n        } else if nums[m as usize] > target {  // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\n            j = m - 1;\n        } else {                      // \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u7d22\u5f15\n            return m;\n        }                       \n    }\n    // \u672a\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\n    return -1;\n}\n
    binary_search.c
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff08\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4\uff09 */\nint binarySearch(int *nums, int len, int target) {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4 [0, n-1] \uff0c\u5373 i, j \u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u3001\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\n    int i = 0, j = len - 1;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u5f53\u641c\u7d22\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u8df3\u51fa\uff08\u5f53 i > j \u65f6\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff09\n    while (i <= j) {\n        int m = i + (j - i) / 2; // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\n        if (nums[m] < target)    // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j] \u4e2d\n            i = m + 1;\n        else if (nums[m] > target) // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\n            j = m - 1;\n        else // \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u7d22\u5f15\n            return m;\n    }\n    // \u672a\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\n    return -1;\n}\n
    binary_search.zig
    // \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff08\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4\uff09\nfn binarySearch(comptime T: type, nums: std.ArrayList(T), target: T) T {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4 [0, n-1] \uff0c\u5373 i, j \u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u3001\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\n    var i: usize = 0;\n    var j: usize = nums.items.len - 1;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u5f53\u641c\u7d22\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u8df3\u51fa\uff08\u5f53 i > j \u65f6\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff09\n    while (i <= j) {\n        var m = i + (j - i) / 2;                // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\n        if (nums.items[m] < target) {           // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j] \u4e2d\n            i = m + 1;\n        } else if (nums.items[m] > target) {    // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\n            j = m - 1;\n        } else {                                // \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u7d22\u5f15\n            return @intCast(m);\n        }\n    }\n    // \u672a\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\n    return -1;\n}\n

    \u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(\\log n)\\) \uff1a\u5728\u4e8c\u5206\u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\uff0c\u533a\u95f4\u6bcf\u8f6e\u7f29\u5c0f\u4e00\u534a\uff0c\u5faa\u73af\u6b21\u6570\u4e3a \\(\\log_2 n\\) \u3002

    \u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(1)\\) \uff1a\u6307\u9488 \\(i\\) \u548c \\(j\\) \u4f7f\u7528\u5e38\u6570\u5927\u5c0f\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_searching/binary_search/#1011","title":"10.1.1 \u00a0 \u533a\u95f4\u8868\u793a\u65b9\u6cd5","text":"

    \u9664\u4e86\u4e0a\u8ff0\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4\u5916\uff0c\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u533a\u95f4\u8868\u793a\u8fd8\u6709\u201c\u5de6\u95ed\u53f3\u5f00\u201d\u533a\u95f4\uff0c\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a \\([0, n)\\) \uff0c\u5373\u5de6\u8fb9\u754c\u5305\u542b\u81ea\u8eab\uff0c\u53f3\u8fb9\u754c\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u81ea\u8eab\u3002\u5728\u8be5\u8868\u793a\u4e0b\uff0c\u533a\u95f4 \\([i, j)\\) \u5728 \\(i = j\\) \u65f6\u4e3a\u7a7a\u3002

    \u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u57fa\u4e8e\u8be5\u8868\u793a\u5b9e\u73b0\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig binary_search.py
    def binary_search_lcro(nums: list[int], target: int) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff08\u5de6\u95ed\u53f3\u5f00\u533a\u95f4\uff09\"\"\"\n    # \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5de6\u95ed\u53f3\u5f00\u533a\u95f4 [0, n) \uff0c\u5373 i, j \u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u3001\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20+1\n    i, j = 0, len(nums)\n    # \u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u5f53\u641c\u7d22\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u8df3\u51fa\uff08\u5f53 i = j \u65f6\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff09\n    while i < j:\n        m = (i + j) // 2  # \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\n        if nums[m] < target:\n            i = m + 1  # \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j) \u4e2d\n        elif nums[m] > target:\n            j = m  # \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m) \u4e2d\n        else:\n            return m  # \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u7d22\u5f15\n    return -1  # \u672a\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\n
    binary_search.cpp
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff08\u5de6\u95ed\u53f3\u5f00\u533a\u95f4\uff09 */\nint binarySearchLCRO(vector<int> &nums, int target) {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5de6\u95ed\u53f3\u5f00\u533a\u95f4 [0, n) \uff0c\u5373 i, j \u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u3001\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20+1\n    int i = 0, j = nums.size();\n    // \u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u5f53\u641c\u7d22\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u8df3\u51fa\uff08\u5f53 i = j \u65f6\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff09\n    while (i < j) {\n        int m = i + (j - i) / 2; // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\n        if (nums[m] < target)    // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j) \u4e2d\n            i = m + 1;\n        else if (nums[m] > target) // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m) \u4e2d\n            j = m;\n        else // \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u7d22\u5f15\n            return m;\n    }\n    // \u672a\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\n    return -1;\n}\n
    binary_search.java
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff08\u5de6\u95ed\u53f3\u5f00\u533a\u95f4\uff09 */\nint binarySearchLCRO(int[] nums, int target) {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5de6\u95ed\u53f3\u5f00\u533a\u95f4 [0, n) \uff0c\u5373 i, j \u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u3001\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20+1\n    int i = 0, j = nums.length;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u5f53\u641c\u7d22\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u8df3\u51fa\uff08\u5f53 i = j \u65f6\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff09\n    while (i < j) {\n        int m = i + (j - i) / 2; // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\n        if (nums[m] < target) // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j) \u4e2d\n            i = m + 1;\n        else if (nums[m] > target) // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m) \u4e2d\n            j = m;\n        else // \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u7d22\u5f15\n            return m;\n    }\n    // \u672a\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\n    return -1;\n}\n
    binary_search.cs
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff08\u5de6\u95ed\u53f3\u5f00\u533a\u95f4\uff09 */\nint BinarySearchLCRO(int[] nums, int target) {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5de6\u95ed\u53f3\u5f00\u533a\u95f4 [0, n) \uff0c\u5373 i, j \u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u3001\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20+1\n    int i = 0, j = nums.Length;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u5f53\u641c\u7d22\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u8df3\u51fa\uff08\u5f53 i = j \u65f6\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff09\n    while (i < j) {\n        int m = i + (j - i) / 2;   // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\n        if (nums[m] < target)      // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j) \u4e2d\n            i = m + 1;\n        else if (nums[m] > target) // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m) \u4e2d\n            j = m;\n        else                       // \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u7d22\u5f15\n            return m;\n    }\n    // \u672a\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\n    return -1;\n}\n
    binary_search.go
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff08\u5de6\u95ed\u53f3\u5f00\u533a\u95f4\uff09 */\nfunc binarySearchLCRO(nums []int, target int) int {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5de6\u95ed\u53f3\u5f00\u533a\u95f4 [0, n) \uff0c\u5373 i, j \u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u3001\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20+1\n    i, j := 0, len(nums)\n    // \u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u5f53\u641c\u7d22\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u8df3\u51fa\uff08\u5f53 i = j \u65f6\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff09\n    for i < j {\n        m := i + (j-i)/2      // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\n        if nums[m] < target { // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j) \u4e2d\n            i = m + 1\n        } else if nums[m] > target { // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m) \u4e2d\n            j = m\n        } else { // \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u7d22\u5f15\n            return m\n        }\n    }\n    // \u672a\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\n    return -1\n}\n
    binary_search.swift
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff08\u5de6\u95ed\u53f3\u5f00\u533a\u95f4\uff09 */\nfunc binarySearchLCRO(nums: [Int], target: Int) -> Int {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5de6\u95ed\u53f3\u5f00\u533a\u95f4 [0, n) \uff0c\u5373 i, j \u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u3001\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20+1\n    var i = 0\n    var j = nums.count\n    // \u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u5f53\u641c\u7d22\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u8df3\u51fa\uff08\u5f53 i = j \u65f6\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff09\n    while i < j {\n        let m = i + (j - i) / 2 // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\n        if nums[m] < target { // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j) \u4e2d\n            i = m + 1\n        } else if nums[m] > target { // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m) \u4e2d\n            j = m\n        } else { // \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u7d22\u5f15\n            return m\n        }\n    }\n    // \u672a\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\n    return -1\n}\n
    binary_search.js
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff08\u5de6\u95ed\u53f3\u5f00\u533a\u95f4\uff09 */\nfunction binarySearchLCRO(nums, target) {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5de6\u95ed\u53f3\u5f00\u533a\u95f4 [0, n) \uff0c\u5373 i, j \u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u3001\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20+1\n    let i = 0,\n        j = nums.length;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u5f53\u641c\u7d22\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u8df3\u51fa\uff08\u5f53 i = j \u65f6\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff09\n    while (i < j) {\n        // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m \uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 parseInt() \u5411\u4e0b\u53d6\u6574\n        const m = parseInt(i + (j - i) / 2);\n        if (nums[m] < target)\n            // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j) \u4e2d\n            i = m + 1;\n        else if (nums[m] > target)\n            // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m) \u4e2d\n            j = m;\n        // \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u7d22\u5f15\n        else return m;\n    }\n    // \u672a\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\n    return -1;\n}\n
    binary_search.ts
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff08\u5de6\u95ed\u53f3\u5f00\u533a\u95f4\uff09 */\nfunction binarySearchLCRO(nums: number[], target: number): number {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5de6\u95ed\u53f3\u5f00\u533a\u95f4 [0, n) \uff0c\u5373 i, j \u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u3001\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20+1\n    let i = 0,\n        j = nums.length;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u5f53\u641c\u7d22\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u8df3\u51fa\uff08\u5f53 i = j \u65f6\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff09\n    while (i < j) {\n        // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\n        const m = Math.floor(i + (j - i) / 2);\n        if (nums[m] < target) {\n            // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j) \u4e2d\n            i = m + 1;\n        } else if (nums[m] > target) {\n            // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m) \u4e2d\n            j = m;\n        } else {\n            // \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u7d22\u5f15\n            return m;\n        }\n    }\n    return -1; // \u672a\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\n}\n
    binary_search.dart
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff08\u5de6\u95ed\u53f3\u5f00\u533a\u95f4\uff09 */\nint binarySearchLCRO(List<int> nums, int target) {\n  // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5de6\u95ed\u53f3\u5f00\u533a\u95f4 [0, n) \uff0c\u5373 i, j \u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u3001\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20+1\n  int i = 0, j = nums.length;\n  // \u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u5f53\u641c\u7d22\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u8df3\u51fa\uff08\u5f53 i = j \u65f6\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff09\n  while (i < j) {\n    int m = i + (j - i) ~/ 2; // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\n    if (nums[m] < target) {\n      // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j) \u4e2d\n      i = m + 1;\n    } else if (nums[m] > target) {\n      // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m) \u4e2d\n      j = m;\n    } else {\n      // \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u7d22\u5f15\n      return m;\n    }\n  }\n  // \u672a\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\n  return -1;\n}\n
    binary_search.rs
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff08\u5de6\u95ed\u53f3\u5f00\u533a\u95f4\uff09 */\nfn binary_search_lcro(nums: &[i32], target: i32) -> i32 {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5de6\u95ed\u53f3\u5f00\u533a\u95f4 [0, n) \uff0c\u5373 i, j \u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u3001\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20+1\n    let mut i = 0;\n    let mut j = nums.len() as i32;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u5f53\u641c\u7d22\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u8df3\u51fa\uff08\u5f53 i = j \u65f6\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff09\n    while i < j {\n        let m = i + (j - i) / 2;      // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\n        if nums[m as usize] < target {         // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j) \u4e2d\n            i = m + 1;\n        } else if nums[m as usize] > target {  // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m) \u4e2d\n            j = m;\n        } else {                      // \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u7d22\u5f15\n            return m;\n        }                       \n    }\n    // \u672a\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\n    return -1;\n}\n
    binary_search.c
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff08\u5de6\u95ed\u53f3\u5f00\u533a\u95f4\uff09 */\nint binarySearchLCRO(int *nums, int len, int target) {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5de6\u95ed\u53f3\u5f00\u533a\u95f4 [0, n) \uff0c\u5373 i, j \u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u3001\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20+1\n    int i = 0, j = len;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u5f53\u641c\u7d22\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u8df3\u51fa\uff08\u5f53 i = j \u65f6\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff09\n    while (i < j) {\n        int m = i + (j - i) / 2; // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\n        if (nums[m] < target)    // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j) \u4e2d\n            i = m + 1;\n        else if (nums[m] > target) // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m) \u4e2d\n            j = m;\n        else // \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u7d22\u5f15\n            return m;\n    }\n    // \u672a\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\n    return -1;\n}\n
    binary_search.zig
    // \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff08\u5de6\u95ed\u53f3\u5f00\u533a\u95f4\uff09\nfn binarySearchLCRO(comptime T: type, nums: std.ArrayList(T), target: T) T {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5de6\u95ed\u53f3\u5f00\u533a\u95f4 [0, n) \uff0c\u5373 i, j \u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u3001\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20+1\n    var i: usize = 0;\n    var j: usize = nums.items.len;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u5f53\u641c\u7d22\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u8df3\u51fa\uff08\u5f53 i = j \u65f6\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff09\n    while (i <= j) {\n        var m = i + (j - i) / 2;                // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\n        if (nums.items[m] < target) {           // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j) \u4e2d\n            i = m + 1;\n        } else if (nums.items[m] > target) {    // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m) \u4e2d\n            j = m;\n        } else {                                // \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u7d22\u5f15\n            return @intCast(m);\n        }\n    }\n    // \u672a\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\n    return -1;\n}\n

    \u5982\u56fe 10-3 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5728\u4e24\u79cd\u533a\u95f4\u8868\u793a\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u3001\u5faa\u73af\u6761\u4ef6\u548c\u7f29\u5c0f\u533a\u95f4\u64cd\u4f5c\u7686\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\u3002

    \u7531\u4e8e\u201c\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4\u201d\u8868\u793a\u4e2d\u7684\u5de6\u53f3\u8fb9\u754c\u90fd\u88ab\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u95ed\u533a\u95f4\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u901a\u8fc7\u6307\u9488 \\(i\\) \u548c\u6307\u9488 \\(j\\) \u7f29\u5c0f\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e5f\u662f\u5bf9\u79f0\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u66f4\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u51fa\u9519\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e00\u822c\u5efa\u8bae\u91c7\u7528\u201c\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4\u201d\u7684\u5199\u6cd5\u3002

    \u56fe 10-3 \u00a0 \u4e24\u79cd\u533a\u95f4\u5b9a\u4e49

    "},{"location":"chapter_searching/binary_search/#1012","title":"10.1.2 \u00a0 \u4f18\u70b9\u4e0e\u5c40\u9650\u6027","text":"

    \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u5728\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u65b9\u9762\u90fd\u6709\u8f83\u597d\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u3002

    • \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6548\u7387\u9ad8\u3002\u5728\u5927\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u4e0b\uff0c\u5bf9\u6570\u9636\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5177\u6709\u663e\u8457\u4f18\u52bf\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5f53\u6570\u636e\u5927\u5c0f \\(n = 2^{20}\\) \u65f6\uff0c\u7ebf\u6027\u67e5\u627e\u9700\u8981 \\(2^{20} = 1048576\\) \u8f6e\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u800c\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u4ec5\u9700 \\(\\log_2 2^{20} = 20\\) \u8f6e\u5faa\u73af\u3002
    • \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u65e0\u987b\u989d\u5916\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u76f8\u8f83\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u501f\u52a9\u989d\u5916\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u641c\u7d22\u7b97\u6cd5\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u54c8\u5e0c\u67e5\u627e\uff09\uff0c\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u66f4\u52a0\u8282\u7701\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002

    \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u5e76\u975e\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6240\u6709\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u539f\u56e0\u3002

    • \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u4ec5\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6709\u5e8f\u6570\u636e\u3002\u82e5\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u65e0\u5e8f\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u4f7f\u7528\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u800c\u4e13\u95e8\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u5f97\u4e0d\u507f\u5931\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u901a\u5e38\u4e3a \\(O(n \\log n)\\) \uff0c\u6bd4\u7ebf\u6027\u67e5\u627e\u548c\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u90fd\u66f4\u9ad8\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9891\u7e41\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u4e3a\u4fdd\u6301\u6570\u7ec4\u6709\u5e8f\u6027\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u5143\u7d20\u63d2\u5165\u5230\u7279\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n)\\) \uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u6602\u8d35\u7684\u3002
    • \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u4ec5\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u3002\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u9700\u8981\u8df3\u8dc3\u5f0f\uff08\u975e\u8fde\u7eed\u5730\uff09\u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\u8df3\u8dc3\u5f0f\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u6548\u7387\u8f83\u4f4e\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u9002\u5408\u5e94\u7528\u5728\u94fe\u8868\u6216\u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u3002
    • \u5c0f\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u4e0b\uff0c\u7ebf\u6027\u67e5\u627e\u6027\u80fd\u66f4\u4f73\u3002\u5728\u7ebf\u6027\u67e5\u627e\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u8f6e\u53ea\u9700 1 \u6b21\u5224\u65ad\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1b\u800c\u5728\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u4e2d\uff0c\u9700\u8981 1 \u6b21\u52a0\u6cd5\u30011 \u6b21\u9664\u6cd5\u30011 ~ 3 \u6b21\u5224\u65ad\u64cd\u4f5c\u30011 \u6b21\u52a0\u6cd5\uff08\u51cf\u6cd5\uff09\uff0c\u5171 4 ~ 6 \u4e2a\u5355\u5143\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1b\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5f53\u6570\u636e\u91cf \\(n\\) \u8f83\u5c0f\u65f6\uff0c\u7ebf\u6027\u67e5\u627e\u53cd\u800c\u6bd4\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u66f4\u5feb\u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_searching/binary_search_edge/","title":"10.3 \u00a0 \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u8fb9\u754c","text":""},{"location":"chapter_searching/binary_search_edge/#1031","title":"10.3.1 \u00a0 \u67e5\u627e\u5de6\u8fb9\u754c","text":"

    Question

    \u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(n\\) \u7684\u6709\u5e8f\u6570\u7ec4 nums \uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u542b\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u8bf7\u8fd4\u56de\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u6700\u5de6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20 target \u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u3002\u82e5\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u8be5\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de \\(-1\\) \u3002

    \u56de\u5fc6\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u641c\u7d22\u5b8c\u6210\u540e \\(i\\) \u6307\u5411\u6700\u5de6\u4e00\u4e2a target \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u5728\u67e5\u627e\u6700\u5de6\u4e00\u4e2a target \u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u3002

    \u8003\u8651\u901a\u8fc7\u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u5b9e\u73b0\u67e5\u627e\u5de6\u8fb9\u754c\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u5305\u542b target \uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e24\u79cd\u7ed3\u679c\u3002

    • \u63d2\u5165\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 \\(i\\) \u8d8a\u754c\u3002
    • \u5143\u7d20 nums[i] \u4e0e target \u4e0d\u76f8\u7b49\u3002

    \u5f53\u9047\u5230\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4e24\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u65f6\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de \\(-1\\) \u5373\u53ef\u3002\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig binary_search_edge.py
    def binary_search_left_edge(nums: list[int], target: int) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u6700\u5de6\u4e00\u4e2a target\"\"\"\n    # \u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\u67e5\u627e target \u7684\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\n    i = binary_search_insertion(nums, target)\n    # \u672a\u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\n    if i == len(nums) or nums[i] != target:\n        return -1\n    # \u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u7d22\u5f15 i\n    return i\n
    binary_search_edge.cpp
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u6700\u5de6\u4e00\u4e2a target */\nint binarySearchLeftEdge(vector<int> &nums, int target) {\n    // \u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\u67e5\u627e target \u7684\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\n    int i = binarySearchInsertion(nums, target);\n    // \u672a\u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\n    if (i == nums.size() || nums[i] != target) {\n        return -1;\n    }\n    // \u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u7d22\u5f15 i\n    return i;\n}\n
    binary_search_edge.java
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u6700\u5de6\u4e00\u4e2a target */\nint binarySearchLeftEdge(int[] nums, int target) {\n    // \u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\u67e5\u627e target \u7684\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\n    int i = binary_search_insertion.binarySearchInsertion(nums, target);\n    // \u672a\u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\n    if (i == nums.length || nums[i] != target) {\n        return -1;\n    }\n    // \u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u7d22\u5f15 i\n    return i;\n}\n
    binary_search_edge.cs
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u6700\u5de6\u4e00\u4e2a target */\nint BinarySearchLeftEdge(int[] nums, int target) {\n    // \u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\u67e5\u627e target \u7684\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\n    int i = binary_search_insertion.BinarySearchInsertion(nums, target);\n    // \u672a\u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\n    if (i == nums.Length || nums[i] != target) {\n        return -1;\n    }\n    // \u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u7d22\u5f15 i\n    return i;\n}\n
    binary_search_edge.go
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u6700\u5de6\u4e00\u4e2a target */\nfunc binarySearchLeftEdge(nums []int, target int) int {\n    // \u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\u67e5\u627e target \u7684\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\n    i := binarySearchInsertion(nums, target)\n    // \u672a\u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\n    if i == len(nums) || nums[i] != target {\n        return -1\n    }\n    // \u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u7d22\u5f15 i\n    return i\n}\n
    binary_search_edge.swift
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u6700\u5de6\u4e00\u4e2a target */\nfunc binarySearchLeftEdge(nums: [Int], target: Int) -> Int {\n    // \u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\u67e5\u627e target \u7684\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\n    let i = binarySearchInsertion(nums: nums, target: target)\n    // \u672a\u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\n    if i == nums.count || nums[i] != target {\n        return -1\n    }\n    // \u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u7d22\u5f15 i\n    return i\n}\n
    binary_search_edge.js
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u6700\u5de6\u4e00\u4e2a target */\nfunction binarySearchLeftEdge(nums, target) {\n    // \u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\u67e5\u627e target \u7684\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\n    const i = binarySearchInsertion(nums, target);\n    // \u672a\u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\n    if (i === nums.length || nums[i] !== target) {\n        return -1;\n    }\n    // \u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u7d22\u5f15 i\n    return i;\n}\n
    binary_search_edge.ts
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u6700\u5de6\u4e00\u4e2a target */\nfunction binarySearchLeftEdge(nums: Array<number>, target: number): number {\n    // \u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\u67e5\u627e target \u7684\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\n    const i = binarySearchInsertion(nums, target);\n    // \u672a\u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\n    if (i === nums.length || nums[i] !== target) {\n        return -1;\n    }\n    // \u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u7d22\u5f15 i\n    return i;\n}\n
    binary_search_edge.dart
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u6700\u5de6\u4e00\u4e2a target */\nint binarySearchLeftEdge(List<int> nums, int target) {\n  // \u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\u67e5\u627e target \u7684\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\n  int i = binarySearchInsertion(nums, target);\n  // \u672a\u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\n  if (i == nums.length || nums[i] != target) {\n    return -1;\n  }\n  // \u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u7d22\u5f15 i\n  return i;\n}\n
    binary_search_edge.rs
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u6700\u5de6\u4e00\u4e2a target */\nfn binary_search_left_edge(nums: &[i32], target: i32) -> i32 {\n    // \u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\u67e5\u627e target \u7684\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\n    let i = binary_search_insertion(nums, target);\n    // \u672a\u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\n    if i == nums.len() as i32 || nums[i as usize] != target {\n        return -1;\n    }\n    // \u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u7d22\u5f15 i\n    i\n}\n
    binary_search_edge.c
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u6700\u5de6\u4e00\u4e2a target */\nint binarySearchLeftEdge(int *nums, int numSize, int target) {\n    // \u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\u67e5\u627e target \u7684\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\n    int i = binarySearchInsertion(nums, numSize, target);\n    // \u672a\u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\n    if (i == numSize || nums[i] != target) {\n        return -1;\n    }\n    // \u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u7d22\u5f15 i\n    return i;\n}\n
    binary_search_edge.zig
    [class]{}-[func]{binarySearchLeftEdge}\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_searching/binary_search_edge/#1032","title":"10.3.2 \u00a0 \u67e5\u627e\u53f3\u8fb9\u754c","text":"

    \u90a3\u4e48\u5982\u4f55\u67e5\u627e\u6700\u53f3\u4e00\u4e2a target \u5462\uff1f\u6700\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u4fee\u6539\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u66ff\u6362\u5728 nums[m] == target \u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u7684\u6307\u9488\u6536\u7f29\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u4ee3\u7801\u5728\u6b64\u7701\u7565\uff0c\u6709\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u8bfb\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u884c\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002

    \u4e0b\u9762\u6211\u4eec\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e24\u79cd\u66f4\u52a0\u53d6\u5de7\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_searching/binary_search_edge/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u590d\u7528\u67e5\u627e\u5de6\u8fb9\u754c","text":"

    \u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u67e5\u627e\u6700\u5de6\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u67e5\u627e\u6700\u53f3\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e3a\uff1a\u5c06\u67e5\u627e\u6700\u53f3\u4e00\u4e2a target \u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u67e5\u627e\u6700\u5de6\u4e00\u4e2a target + 1\u3002

    \u5982\u56fe 10-7 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u67e5\u627e\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u6307\u9488 \\(i\\) \u6307\u5411\u6700\u5de6\u4e00\u4e2a target + 1\uff08\u5982\u679c\u5b58\u5728\uff09\uff0c\u800c \\(j\\) \u6307\u5411\u6700\u53f3\u4e00\u4e2a target \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8fd4\u56de \\(j\\) \u5373\u53ef\u3002

    \u56fe 10-7 \u00a0 \u5c06\u67e5\u627e\u53f3\u8fb9\u754c\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u67e5\u627e\u5de6\u8fb9\u754c

    \u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\u662f \\(i\\) \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u5176\u51cf \\(1\\) \uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u83b7\u5f97 \\(j\\) \uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig binary_search_edge.py
    def binary_search_right_edge(nums: list[int], target: int) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u6700\u53f3\u4e00\u4e2a target\"\"\"\n    # \u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u67e5\u627e\u6700\u5de6\u4e00\u4e2a target + 1\n    i = binary_search_insertion(nums, target + 1)\n    # j \u6307\u5411\u6700\u53f3\u4e00\u4e2a target \uff0ci \u6307\u5411\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e target \u7684\u5143\u7d20\n    j = i - 1\n    # \u672a\u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\n    if j == -1 or nums[j] != target:\n        return -1\n    # \u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u7d22\u5f15 j\n    return j\n
    binary_search_edge.cpp
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u6700\u53f3\u4e00\u4e2a target */\nint binarySearchRightEdge(vector<int> &nums, int target) {\n    // \u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u67e5\u627e\u6700\u5de6\u4e00\u4e2a target + 1\n    int i = binarySearchInsertion(nums, target + 1);\n    // j \u6307\u5411\u6700\u53f3\u4e00\u4e2a target \uff0ci \u6307\u5411\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e target \u7684\u5143\u7d20\n    int j = i - 1;\n    // \u672a\u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\n    if (j == -1 || nums[j] != target) {\n        return -1;\n    }\n    // \u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u7d22\u5f15 j\n    return j;\n}\n
    binary_search_edge.java
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u6700\u53f3\u4e00\u4e2a target */\nint binarySearchRightEdge(int[] nums, int target) {\n    // \u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u67e5\u627e\u6700\u5de6\u4e00\u4e2a target + 1\n    int i = binary_search_insertion.binarySearchInsertion(nums, target + 1);\n    // j \u6307\u5411\u6700\u53f3\u4e00\u4e2a target \uff0ci \u6307\u5411\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e target \u7684\u5143\u7d20\n    int j = i - 1;\n    // \u672a\u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\n    if (j == -1 || nums[j] != target) {\n        return -1;\n    }\n    // \u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u7d22\u5f15 j\n    return j;\n}\n
    binary_search_edge.cs
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u6700\u53f3\u4e00\u4e2a target */\nint BinarySearchRightEdge(int[] nums, int target) {\n    // \u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u67e5\u627e\u6700\u5de6\u4e00\u4e2a target + 1\n    int i = binary_search_insertion.BinarySearchInsertion(nums, target + 1);\n    // j \u6307\u5411\u6700\u53f3\u4e00\u4e2a target \uff0ci \u6307\u5411\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e target \u7684\u5143\u7d20\n    int j = i - 1;\n    // \u672a\u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\n    if (j == -1 || nums[j] != target) {\n        return -1;\n    }\n    // \u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u7d22\u5f15 j\n    return j;\n}\n
    binary_search_edge.go
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u6700\u53f3\u4e00\u4e2a target */\nfunc binarySearchRightEdge(nums []int, target int) int {\n    // \u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u67e5\u627e\u6700\u5de6\u4e00\u4e2a target + 1\n    i := binarySearchInsertion(nums, target+1)\n    // j \u6307\u5411\u6700\u53f3\u4e00\u4e2a target \uff0ci \u6307\u5411\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e target \u7684\u5143\u7d20\n    j := i - 1\n    // \u672a\u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\n    if j == -1 || nums[j] != target {\n        return -1\n    }\n    // \u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u7d22\u5f15 j\n    return j\n}\n
    binary_search_edge.swift
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u6700\u53f3\u4e00\u4e2a target */\nfunc binarySearchRightEdge(nums: [Int], target: Int) -> Int {\n    // \u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u67e5\u627e\u6700\u5de6\u4e00\u4e2a target + 1\n    let i = binarySearchInsertion(nums: nums, target: target + 1)\n    // j \u6307\u5411\u6700\u53f3\u4e00\u4e2a target \uff0ci \u6307\u5411\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e target \u7684\u5143\u7d20\n    let j = i - 1\n    // \u672a\u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\n    if j == -1 || nums[j] != target {\n        return -1\n    }\n    // \u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u7d22\u5f15 j\n    return j\n}\n
    binary_search_edge.js
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u6700\u53f3\u4e00\u4e2a target */\nfunction binarySearchRightEdge(nums, target) {\n    // \u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u67e5\u627e\u6700\u5de6\u4e00\u4e2a target + 1\n    const i = binarySearchInsertion(nums, target + 1);\n    // j \u6307\u5411\u6700\u53f3\u4e00\u4e2a target \uff0ci \u6307\u5411\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e target \u7684\u5143\u7d20\n    const j = i - 1;\n    // \u672a\u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\n    if (j === -1 || nums[j] !== target) {\n        return -1;\n    }\n    // \u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u7d22\u5f15 j\n    return j;\n}\n
    binary_search_edge.ts
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u6700\u53f3\u4e00\u4e2a target */\nfunction binarySearchRightEdge(nums: Array<number>, target: number): number {\n    // \u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u67e5\u627e\u6700\u5de6\u4e00\u4e2a target + 1\n    const i = binarySearchInsertion(nums, target + 1);\n    // j \u6307\u5411\u6700\u53f3\u4e00\u4e2a target \uff0ci \u6307\u5411\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e target \u7684\u5143\u7d20\n    const j = i - 1;\n    // \u672a\u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\n    if (j === -1 || nums[j] !== target) {\n        return -1;\n    }\n    // \u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u7d22\u5f15 j\n    return j;\n}\n
    binary_search_edge.dart
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u6700\u53f3\u4e00\u4e2a target */\nint binarySearchRightEdge(List<int> nums, int target) {\n  // \u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u67e5\u627e\u6700\u5de6\u4e00\u4e2a target + 1\n  int i = binarySearchInsertion(nums, target + 1);\n  // j \u6307\u5411\u6700\u53f3\u4e00\u4e2a target \uff0ci \u6307\u5411\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e target \u7684\u5143\u7d20\n  int j = i - 1;\n  // \u672a\u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\n  if (j == -1 || nums[j] != target) {\n    return -1;\n  }\n  // \u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u7d22\u5f15 j\n  return j;\n}\n
    binary_search_edge.rs
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u6700\u53f3\u4e00\u4e2a target */\nfn binary_search_right_edge(nums: &[i32], target: i32) -> i32 {\n    // \u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u67e5\u627e\u6700\u5de6\u4e00\u4e2a target + 1\n    let i = binary_search_insertion(nums, target + 1);\n    // j \u6307\u5411\u6700\u53f3\u4e00\u4e2a target \uff0ci \u6307\u5411\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e target \u7684\u5143\u7d20\n    let j = i - 1;\n    // \u672a\u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\n    if j == -1 || nums[j as usize] != target {\n        return -1;\n    }\n    // \u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u7d22\u5f15 j\n    j\n}\n
    binary_search_edge.c
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u6700\u53f3\u4e00\u4e2a target */\nint binarySearchRightEdge(int *nums, int numSize, int target) {\n    // \u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u67e5\u627e\u6700\u5de6\u4e00\u4e2a target + 1\n    int i = binarySearchInsertion(nums, numSize, target + 1);\n    // j \u6307\u5411\u6700\u53f3\u4e00\u4e2a target \uff0ci \u6307\u5411\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e target \u7684\u5143\u7d20\n    int j = i - 1;\n    // \u672a\u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\n    if (j == -1 || nums[j] != target) {\n        return -1;\n    }\n    // \u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u7d22\u5f15 j\n    return j;\n}\n
    binary_search_edge.zig
    [class]{}-[func]{binarySearchRightEdge}\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_searching/binary_search_edge/#2","title":"2. \u00a0 \u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u67e5\u627e\u5143\u7d20","text":"

    \u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u5f53\u6570\u7ec4\u4e0d\u5305\u542b target \u65f6\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8 \\(i\\) \u548c \\(j\\) \u4f1a\u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e\u3001\u5c0f\u4e8e target \u7684\u5143\u7d20\u3002

    \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5982\u56fe 10-8 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6784\u9020\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u67e5\u627e\u5de6\u53f3\u8fb9\u754c\u3002

    • \u67e5\u627e\u6700\u5de6\u4e00\u4e2a target \uff1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u67e5\u627e target - 0.5 \uff0c\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u6307\u9488 \\(i\\) \u3002
    • \u67e5\u627e\u6700\u53f3\u4e00\u4e2a target \uff1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u67e5\u627e target + 0.5 \uff0c\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u6307\u9488 \\(j\\) \u3002

    \u56fe 10-8 \u00a0 \u5c06\u67e5\u627e\u8fb9\u754c\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u67e5\u627e\u5143\u7d20

    \u4ee3\u7801\u5728\u6b64\u7701\u7565\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e24\u70b9\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u3002

    • \u7ed9\u5b9a\u6570\u7ec4\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u5c0f\u6570\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u987b\u5173\u5fc3\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u76f8\u7b49\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002
    • \u56e0\u4e3a\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u5c0f\u6570\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u7684\u53d8\u91cf target \u6539\u4e3a\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\uff08Python \u65e0\u987b\u6539\u52a8\uff09\u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_searching/binary_search_insertion/","title":"10.2 \u00a0 \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u70b9","text":"

    \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u641c\u7d22\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u89e3\u51b3\u8bb8\u591a\u53d8\u79cd\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u641c\u7d22\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_searching/binary_search_insertion/#1021","title":"10.2.1 \u00a0 \u65e0\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u60c5\u51b5","text":"

    Question

    \u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(n\\) \u7684\u6709\u5e8f\u6570\u7ec4 nums \u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20 target \uff0c\u6570\u7ec4\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u73b0\u5c06 target \u63d2\u5165\u6570\u7ec4 nums \u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u4fdd\u6301\u5176\u6709\u5e8f\u6027\u3002\u82e5\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u5df2\u5b58\u5728\u5143\u7d20 target \uff0c\u5219\u63d2\u5165\u5230\u5176\u5de6\u65b9\u3002\u8bf7\u8fd4\u56de\u63d2\u5165\u540e target \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u3002\u793a\u4f8b\u5982\u56fe 10-4 \u6240\u793a\u3002

    \u56fe 10-4 \u00a0 \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\u793a\u4f8b\u6570\u636e

    \u5982\u679c\u60f3\u590d\u7528\u4e0a\u4e00\u8282\u7684\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u5219\u9700\u8981\u56de\u7b54\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e24\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002

    \u95ee\u9898\u4e00\uff1a\u5f53\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u5305\u542b target \u65f6\uff0c\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u662f\u5426\u662f\u8be5\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\uff1f

    \u9898\u76ee\u8981\u6c42\u5c06 target \u63d2\u5165\u5230\u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u5de6\u8fb9\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u65b0\u63d2\u5165\u7684 target \u66ff\u6362\u4e86\u539f\u6765 target \u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5f53\u6570\u7ec4\u5305\u542b target \u65f6\uff0c\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u5c31\u662f\u8be5 target \u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u3002

    \u95ee\u9898\u4e8c\uff1a\u5f53\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728 target \u65f6\uff0c\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\u662f\u54ea\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\uff1f

    \u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u601d\u8003\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff1a\u5f53 nums[m] < target \u65f6 \\(i\\) \u79fb\u52a8\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6307\u9488 \\(i\\) \u5728\u5411\u5927\u4e8e\u7b49\u4e8e target \u7684\u5143\u7d20\u9760\u8fd1\u3002\u540c\u7406\uff0c\u6307\u9488 \\(j\\) \u59cb\u7ec8\u5728\u5411\u5c0f\u4e8e\u7b49\u4e8e target \u7684\u5143\u7d20\u9760\u8fd1\u3002

    \u56e0\u6b64\u4e8c\u5206\u7ed3\u675f\u65f6\u4e00\u5b9a\u6709\uff1a\\(i\\) \u6307\u5411\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e target \u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\\(j\\) \u6307\u5411\u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e target \u7684\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u6613\u5f97\u5f53\u6570\u7ec4\u4e0d\u5305\u542b target \u65f6\uff0c\u63d2\u5165\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a \\(i\\) \u3002\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig binary_search_insertion.py
    def binary_search_insertion_simple(nums: list[int], target: int) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\uff08\u65e0\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\uff09\"\"\"\n    i, j = 0, len(nums) - 1  # \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4 [0, n-1]\n    while i <= j:\n        m = (i + j) // 2  # \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\n        if nums[m] < target:\n            i = m + 1  # target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j] \u4e2d\n        elif nums[m] > target:\n            j = m - 1  # target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\n        else:\n            return m  # \u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u63d2\u5165\u70b9 m\n    # \u672a\u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u63d2\u5165\u70b9 i\n    return i\n
    binary_search_insertion.cpp
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\uff08\u65e0\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\uff09 */\nint binarySearchInsertionSimple(vector<int> &nums, int target) {\n    int i = 0, j = nums.size() - 1; // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4 [0, n-1]\n    while (i <= j) {\n        int m = i + (j - i) / 2; // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\n        if (nums[m] < target) {\n            i = m + 1; // target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j] \u4e2d\n        } else if (nums[m] > target) {\n            j = m - 1; // target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\n        } else {\n            return m; // \u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u63d2\u5165\u70b9 m\n        }\n    }\n    // \u672a\u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u63d2\u5165\u70b9 i\n    return i;\n}\n
    binary_search_insertion.java
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\uff08\u65e0\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\uff09 */\nint binarySearchInsertionSimple(int[] nums, int target) {\n    int i = 0, j = nums.length - 1; // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4 [0, n-1]\n    while (i <= j) {\n        int m = i + (j - i) / 2; // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\n        if (nums[m] < target) {\n            i = m + 1; // target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j] \u4e2d\n        } else if (nums[m] > target) {\n            j = m - 1; // target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\n        } else {\n            return m; // \u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u63d2\u5165\u70b9 m\n        }\n    }\n    // \u672a\u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u63d2\u5165\u70b9 i\n    return i;\n}\n
    binary_search_insertion.cs
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\uff08\u65e0\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\uff09 */\nint BinarySearchInsertionSimple(int[] nums, int target) {\n    int i = 0, j = nums.Length - 1; // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4 [0, n-1]\n    while (i <= j) {\n        int m = i + (j - i) / 2; // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\n        if (nums[m] < target) {\n            i = m + 1; // target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j] \u4e2d\n        } else if (nums[m] > target) {\n            j = m - 1; // target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\n        } else {\n            return m; // \u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u63d2\u5165\u70b9 m\n        }\n    }\n    // \u672a\u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u63d2\u5165\u70b9 i\n    return i;\n}\n
    binary_search_insertion.go
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\uff08\u65e0\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\uff09 */\nfunc binarySearchInsertionSimple(nums []int, target int) int {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4 [0, n-1]\n    i, j := 0, len(nums)-1\n    for i <= j {\n        // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\n        m := i + (j-i)/2\n        if nums[m] < target {\n            // target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j] \u4e2d\n            i = m + 1\n        } else if nums[m] > target {\n            // target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\n            j = m - 1\n        } else {\n            // \u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u63d2\u5165\u70b9 m\n            return m\n        }\n    }\n    // \u672a\u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u63d2\u5165\u70b9 i\n    return i\n}\n
    binary_search_insertion.swift
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\uff08\u65e0\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\uff09 */\nfunc binarySearchInsertionSimple(nums: [Int], target: Int) -> Int {\n    var i = 0, j = nums.count - 1 // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4 [0, n-1]\n    while i <= j {\n        let m = i + (j - i) / 2 // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\n        if nums[m] < target {\n            i = m + 1 // target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j] \u4e2d\n        } else if nums[m] > target {\n            j = m - 1 // target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\n        } else {\n            return m // \u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u63d2\u5165\u70b9 m\n        }\n    }\n    // \u672a\u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u63d2\u5165\u70b9 i\n    return i\n}\n
    binary_search_insertion.js
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\uff08\u65e0\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\uff09 */\nfunction binarySearchInsertionSimple(nums, target) {\n    let i = 0,\n        j = nums.length - 1; // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4 [0, n-1]\n    while (i <= j) {\n        const m = Math.floor(i + (j - i) / 2); // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m, \u4f7f\u7528 Math.floor() \u5411\u4e0b\u53d6\u6574\n        if (nums[m] < target) {\n            i = m + 1; // target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j] \u4e2d\n        } else if (nums[m] > target) {\n            j = m - 1; // target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\n        } else {\n            return m; // \u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u63d2\u5165\u70b9 m\n        }\n    }\n    // \u672a\u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u63d2\u5165\u70b9 i\n    return i;\n}\n
    binary_search_insertion.ts
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\uff08\u65e0\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\uff09 */\nfunction binarySearchInsertionSimple(\n    nums: Array<number>,\n    target: number\n): number {\n    let i = 0,\n        j = nums.length - 1; // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4 [0, n-1]\n    while (i <= j) {\n        const m = Math.floor(i + (j - i) / 2); // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m, \u4f7f\u7528 Math.floor() \u5411\u4e0b\u53d6\u6574\n        if (nums[m] < target) {\n            i = m + 1; // target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j] \u4e2d\n        } else if (nums[m] > target) {\n            j = m - 1; // target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\n        } else {\n            return m; // \u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u63d2\u5165\u70b9 m\n        }\n    }\n    // \u672a\u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u63d2\u5165\u70b9 i\n    return i;\n}\n
    binary_search_insertion.dart
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\uff08\u65e0\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\uff09 */\nint binarySearchInsertionSimple(List<int> nums, int target) {\n  int i = 0, j = nums.length - 1; // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4 [0, n-1]\n  while (i <= j) {\n    int m = i + (j - i) ~/ 2; // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\n    if (nums[m] < target) {\n      i = m + 1; // target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j] \u4e2d\n    } else if (nums[m] > target) {\n      j = m - 1; // target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\n    } else {\n      return m; // \u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u63d2\u5165\u70b9 m\n    }\n  }\n  // \u672a\u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u63d2\u5165\u70b9 i\n  return i;\n}\n
    binary_search_insertion.rs
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\uff08\u5b58\u5728\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\uff09 */\npub fn binary_search_insertion(nums: &[i32], target: i32) -> i32 {\n    let (mut i, mut j) = (0, nums.len() as i32 - 1);    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4 [0, n-1]\n    while i <= j {\n        let m = i + (j - i) / 2;    // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\n        if nums[m as usize] < target {\n            i = m + 1;  // target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j] \u4e2d\n        } else if nums[m as usize] > target {\n            j = m - 1;  // target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\n        } else {\n            j = m - 1;  // \u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e target \u7684\u5143\u7d20\u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\n        }\n    }\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u63d2\u5165\u70b9 i\n    i\n}\n
    binary_search_insertion.c
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\uff08\u65e0\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\uff09 */\nint binarySearchInsertionSimple(int *nums, int numSize, int target) {\n    int i = 0, j = numSize - 1; // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4 [0, n-1]\n    while (i <= j) {\n        int m = i + (j - i) / 2; // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\n        if (nums[m] < target) {\n            i = m + 1; // target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j] \u4e2d\n        } else if (nums[m] > target) {\n            j = m - 1; // target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\n        } else {\n            return m; // \u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u63d2\u5165\u70b9 m\n        }\n    }\n    // \u672a\u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u63d2\u5165\u70b9 i\n    return i;\n}\n
    binary_search_insertion.zig
    [class]{}-[func]{binarySearchInsertionSimple}\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_searching/binary_search_insertion/#1022","title":"10.2.2 \u00a0 \u5b58\u5728\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u60c5\u51b5","text":"

    Question

    \u5728\u4e0a\u4e00\u9898\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u89c4\u5b9a\u6570\u7ec4\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u542b\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5176\u4f59\u4e0d\u53d8\u3002

    \u5047\u8bbe\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u591a\u4e2a target \uff0c\u5219\u666e\u901a\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u53ea\u80fd\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a target \u7684\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u800c\u65e0\u6cd5\u786e\u5b9a\u8be5\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u5de6\u8fb9\u548c\u53f3\u8fb9\u8fd8\u6709\u591a\u5c11 target\u3002

    \u9898\u76ee\u8981\u6c42\u5c06\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\u63d2\u5165\u5230\u6700\u5de6\u8fb9\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u67e5\u627e\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u6700\u5de6\u4e00\u4e2a target \u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u3002\u521d\u6b65\u8003\u8651\u901a\u8fc7\u56fe 10-5 \u6240\u793a\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002

    1. \u6267\u884c\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u4efb\u610f\u4e00\u4e2a target \u7684\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a \\(k\\) \u3002
    2. \u4ece\u7d22\u5f15 \\(k\\) \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5411\u5de6\u8fdb\u884c\u7ebf\u6027\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u5f53\u627e\u5230\u6700\u5de6\u8fb9\u7684 target \u65f6\u8fd4\u56de\u3002

    \u56fe 10-5 \u00a0 \u7ebf\u6027\u67e5\u627e\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u63d2\u5165\u70b9

    \u6b64\u65b9\u6cd5\u867d\u7136\u53ef\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u5305\u542b\u7ebf\u6027\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n)\\) \u3002\u5f53\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u5f88\u591a\u91cd\u590d\u7684 target \u65f6\uff0c\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u6548\u7387\u5f88\u4f4e\u3002

    \u73b0\u8003\u8651\u62d3\u5c55\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u4ee3\u7801\u3002\u5982\u56fe 10-6 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u6574\u4f53\u6d41\u7a0b\u4fdd\u6301\u4e0d\u53d8\uff0c\u6bcf\u8f6e\u5148\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 \\(m\\) \uff0c\u518d\u5224\u65ad target \u548c nums[m] \u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5206\u4e3a\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u3002

    • \u5f53 nums[m] < target \u6216 nums[m] > target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u91c7\u7528\u666e\u901a\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u7684\u7f29\u5c0f\u533a\u95f4\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u6307\u9488 \\(i\\) \u548c \\(j\\) \u5411 target \u9760\u8fd1\u3002
    • \u5f53 nums[m] == target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u5c0f\u4e8e target \u7684\u5143\u7d20\u5728\u533a\u95f4 \\([i, m - 1]\\) \u4e2d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u91c7\u7528 \\(j = m - 1\\) \u6765\u7f29\u5c0f\u533a\u95f4\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u6307\u9488 \\(j\\) \u5411\u5c0f\u4e8e target \u7684\u5143\u7d20\u9760\u8fd1\u3002

    \u5faa\u73af\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\\(i\\) \u6307\u5411\u6700\u5de6\u8fb9\u7684 target \uff0c\\(j\\) \u6307\u5411\u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e target \u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7d22\u5f15 \\(i\\) \u5c31\u662f\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\u3002

    <1><2><3><4><5><6><7><8>

    \u56fe 10-6 \u00a0 \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4

    \u89c2\u5bdf\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u5224\u65ad\u5206\u652f nums[m] > target \u548c nums[m] == target \u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e24\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u5408\u5e76\u3002

    \u5373\u4fbf\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u5224\u65ad\u6761\u4ef6\u4fdd\u6301\u5c55\u5f00\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5176\u903b\u8f91\u66f4\u52a0\u6e05\u6670\u3001\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u66f4\u597d\u3002

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig binary_search_insertion.py
    def binary_search_insertion(nums: list[int], target: int) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\uff08\u5b58\u5728\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\uff09\"\"\"\n    i, j = 0, len(nums) - 1  # \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4 [0, n-1]\n    while i <= j:\n        m = (i + j) // 2  # \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\n        if nums[m] < target:\n            i = m + 1  # target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j] \u4e2d\n        elif nums[m] > target:\n            j = m - 1  # target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\n        else:\n            j = m - 1  # \u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e target \u7684\u5143\u7d20\u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\n    # \u8fd4\u56de\u63d2\u5165\u70b9 i\n    return i\n
    binary_search_insertion.cpp
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\uff08\u5b58\u5728\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\uff09 */\nint binarySearchInsertion(vector<int> &nums, int target) {\n    int i = 0, j = nums.size() - 1; // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4 [0, n-1]\n    while (i <= j) {\n        int m = i + (j - i) / 2; // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\n        if (nums[m] < target) {\n            i = m + 1; // target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j] \u4e2d\n        } else if (nums[m] > target) {\n            j = m - 1; // target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\n        } else {\n            j = m - 1; // \u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e target \u7684\u5143\u7d20\u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\n        }\n    }\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u63d2\u5165\u70b9 i\n    return i;\n}\n
    binary_search_insertion.java
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\uff08\u5b58\u5728\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\uff09 */\nint binarySearchInsertion(int[] nums, int target) {\n    int i = 0, j = nums.length - 1; // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4 [0, n-1]\n    while (i <= j) {\n        int m = i + (j - i) / 2; // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\n        if (nums[m] < target) {\n            i = m + 1; // target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j] \u4e2d\n        } else if (nums[m] > target) {\n            j = m - 1; // target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\n        } else {\n            j = m - 1; // \u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e target \u7684\u5143\u7d20\u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\n        }\n    }\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u63d2\u5165\u70b9 i\n    return i;\n}\n
    binary_search_insertion.cs
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\uff08\u5b58\u5728\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\uff09 */\nint BinarySearchInsertion(int[] nums, int target) {\n    int i = 0, j = nums.Length - 1; // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4 [0, n-1]\n    while (i <= j) {\n        int m = i + (j - i) / 2; // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\n        if (nums[m] < target) {\n            i = m + 1; // target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j] \u4e2d\n        } else if (nums[m] > target) {\n            j = m - 1; // target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\n        } else {\n            j = m - 1; // \u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e target \u7684\u5143\u7d20\u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\n        }\n    }\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u63d2\u5165\u70b9 i\n    return i;\n}\n
    binary_search_insertion.go
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\uff08\u5b58\u5728\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\uff09 */\nfunc binarySearchInsertion(nums []int, target int) int {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4 [0, n-1]\n    i, j := 0, len(nums)-1\n    for i <= j {\n        // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\n        m := i + (j-i)/2\n        if nums[m] < target {\n            // target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j] \u4e2d\n            i = m + 1\n        } else if nums[m] > target {\n            // target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\n            j = m - 1\n        } else {\n            // \u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e target \u7684\u5143\u7d20\u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\n            j = m - 1\n        }\n    }\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u63d2\u5165\u70b9 i\n    return i\n}\n
    binary_search_insertion.swift
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\uff08\u5b58\u5728\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\uff09 */\nfunc binarySearchInsertion(nums: [Int], target: Int) -> Int {\n    var i = 0, j = nums.count - 1 // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4 [0, n-1]\n    while i <= j {\n        let m = i + (j - i) / 2 // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\n        if nums[m] < target {\n            i = m + 1 // target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j] \u4e2d\n        } else if nums[m] > target {\n            j = m - 1 // target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\n        } else {\n            j = m - 1 // \u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e target \u7684\u5143\u7d20\u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\n        }\n    }\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u63d2\u5165\u70b9 i\n    return i\n}\n
    binary_search_insertion.js
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\uff08\u5b58\u5728\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\uff09 */\nfunction binarySearchInsertion(nums, target) {\n    let i = 0,\n        j = nums.length - 1; // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4 [0, n-1]\n    while (i <= j) {\n        const m = Math.floor(i + (j - i) / 2); // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m, \u4f7f\u7528 Math.floor() \u5411\u4e0b\u53d6\u6574\n        if (nums[m] < target) {\n            i = m + 1; // target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j] \u4e2d\n        } else if (nums[m] > target) {\n            j = m - 1; // target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\n        } else {\n            j = m - 1; // \u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e target \u7684\u5143\u7d20\u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\n        }\n    }\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u63d2\u5165\u70b9 i\n    return i;\n}\n
    binary_search_insertion.ts
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\uff08\u5b58\u5728\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\uff09 */\nfunction binarySearchInsertion(nums: Array<number>, target: number): number {\n    let i = 0,\n        j = nums.length - 1; // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4 [0, n-1]\n    while (i <= j) {\n        const m = Math.floor(i + (j - i) / 2); // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m, \u4f7f\u7528 Math.floor() \u5411\u4e0b\u53d6\u6574\n        if (nums[m] < target) {\n            i = m + 1; // target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j] \u4e2d\n        } else if (nums[m] > target) {\n            j = m - 1; // target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\n        } else {\n            j = m - 1; // \u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e target \u7684\u5143\u7d20\u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\n        }\n    }\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u63d2\u5165\u70b9 i\n    return i;\n}\n
    binary_search_insertion.dart
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\uff08\u5b58\u5728\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\uff09 */\nint binarySearchInsertion(List<int> nums, int target) {\n  int i = 0, j = nums.length - 1; // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4 [0, n-1]\n  while (i <= j) {\n    int m = i + (j - i) ~/ 2; // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\n    if (nums[m] < target) {\n      i = m + 1; // target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j] \u4e2d\n    } else if (nums[m] > target) {\n      j = m - 1; // target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\n    } else {\n      j = m - 1; // \u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e target \u7684\u5143\u7d20\u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\n    }\n  }\n  // \u8fd4\u56de\u63d2\u5165\u70b9 i\n  return i;\n}\n
    binary_search_insertion.rs
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\uff08\u5b58\u5728\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\uff09 */\npub fn binary_search_insertion(nums: &[i32], target: i32) -> i32 {\n    let (mut i, mut j) = (0, nums.len() as i32 - 1);    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4 [0, n-1]\n    while i <= j {\n        let m = i + (j - i) / 2;    // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\n        if nums[m as usize] < target {\n            i = m + 1;  // target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j] \u4e2d\n        } else if nums[m as usize] > target {\n            j = m - 1;  // target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\n        } else {\n            j = m - 1;  // \u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e target \u7684\u5143\u7d20\u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\n        }\n    }\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u63d2\u5165\u70b9 i\n    i\n}\n
    binary_search_insertion.c
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\uff08\u5b58\u5728\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\uff09 */\nint binarySearchInsertion(int *nums, int numSize, int target) {\n    int i = 0, j = numSize - 1; // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4 [0, n-1]\n    while (i <= j) {\n        int m = i + (j - i) / 2; // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\n        if (nums[m] < target) {\n            i = m + 1; // target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j] \u4e2d\n        } else if (nums[m] > target) {\n            j = m - 1; // target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\n        } else {\n            j = m - 1; // \u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e target \u7684\u5143\u7d20\u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\n        }\n    }\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u63d2\u5165\u70b9 i\n    return i;\n}\n
    binary_search_insertion.zig
    [class]{}-[func]{binarySearchInsertion}\n

    Tip

    \u672c\u8282\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u90fd\u662f\u201c\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4\u201d\u5199\u6cd5\u3002\u6709\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u8bfb\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u884c\u5b9e\u73b0\u201c\u5de6\u95ed\u53f3\u5f00\u201d\u5199\u6cd5\u3002

    \u603b\u7684\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u65e0\u975e\u5c31\u662f\u7ed9\u6307\u9488 \\(i\\) \u548c \\(j\\) \u5206\u522b\u8bbe\u5b9a\u641c\u7d22\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u76ee\u6807\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff08\u4f8b\u5982 target \uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u8303\u56f4\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u5c0f\u4e8e target \u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff09\u3002

    \u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u7684\u5faa\u73af\u4e8c\u5206\u4e2d\uff0c\u6307\u9488 \\(i\\) \u548c \\(j\\) \u90fd\u9010\u6e10\u903c\u8fd1\u9884\u5148\u8bbe\u5b9a\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u6700\u7ec8\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u6216\u662f\u6210\u529f\u627e\u5230\u7b54\u6848\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u8d8a\u8fc7\u8fb9\u754c\u540e\u505c\u6b62\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_searching/replace_linear_by_hashing/","title":"10.4 \u00a0 \u54c8\u5e0c\u4f18\u5316\u7b56\u7565","text":"

    \u5728\u7b97\u6cd5\u9898\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e38\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u7ebf\u6027\u67e5\u627e\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u54c8\u5e0c\u67e5\u627e\u6765\u964d\u4f4e\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u501f\u52a9\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b97\u6cd5\u9898\u6765\u52a0\u6df1\u7406\u89e3\u3002

    Question

    \u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6574\u6570\u6570\u7ec4 nums \u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20 target \uff0c\u8bf7\u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u641c\u7d22\u201c\u548c\u201d\u4e3a target \u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15\u3002\u8fd4\u56de\u4efb\u610f\u4e00\u4e2a\u89e3\u5373\u53ef\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_searching/replace_linear_by_hashing/#1041","title":"10.4.1 \u00a0 \u7ebf\u6027\u67e5\u627e\uff1a\u4ee5\u65f6\u95f4\u6362\u7a7a\u95f4","text":"

    \u8003\u8651\u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u3002\u5982\u56fe 10-9 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5f00\u542f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e24\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u5728\u6bcf\u8f6e\u4e2d\u5224\u65ad\u4e24\u4e2a\u6574\u6570\u7684\u548c\u662f\u5426\u4e3a target \uff0c\u82e5\u662f\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u3002

    \u56fe 10-9 \u00a0 \u7ebf\u6027\u67e5\u627e\u6c42\u89e3\u4e24\u6570\u4e4b\u548c

    \u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig two_sum.py
    def two_sum_brute_force(nums: list[int], target: int) -> list[int]:\n    \"\"\"\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e00\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u679a\u4e3e\"\"\"\n    # \u4e24\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a O(n^2)\n    for i in range(len(nums) - 1):\n        for j in range(i + 1, len(nums)):\n            if nums[i] + nums[j] == target:\n                return [i, j]\n    return []\n
    two_sum.cpp
    /* \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e00\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u679a\u4e3e */\nvector<int> twoSumBruteForce(vector<int> &nums, int target) {\n    int size = nums.size();\n    // \u4e24\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a O(n^2)\n    for (int i = 0; i < size - 1; i++) {\n        for (int j = i + 1; j < size; j++) {\n            if (nums[i] + nums[j] == target)\n                return {i, j};\n        }\n    }\n    return {};\n}\n
    two_sum.java
    /* \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e00\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u679a\u4e3e */\nint[] twoSumBruteForce(int[] nums, int target) {\n    int size = nums.length;\n    // \u4e24\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a O(n^2)\n    for (int i = 0; i < size - 1; i++) {\n        for (int j = i + 1; j < size; j++) {\n            if (nums[i] + nums[j] == target)\n                return new int[] { i, j };\n        }\n    }\n    return new int[0];\n}\n
    two_sum.cs
    /* \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e00\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u679a\u4e3e */\nint[] TwoSumBruteForce(int[] nums, int target) {\n    int size = nums.Length;\n    // \u4e24\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a O(n^2)\n    for (int i = 0; i < size - 1; i++) {\n        for (int j = i + 1; j < size; j++) {\n            if (nums[i] + nums[j] == target)\n                return [i, j];\n        }\n    }\n    return [];\n}\n
    two_sum.go
    /* \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e00\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u679a\u4e3e */\nfunc twoSumBruteForce(nums []int, target int) []int {\n    size := len(nums)\n    // \u4e24\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a O(n^2)\n    for i := 0; i < size-1; i++ {\n        for j := i + 1; i < size; j++ {\n            if nums[i]+nums[j] == target {\n                return []int{i, j}\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return nil\n}\n
    two_sum.swift
    /* \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e00\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u679a\u4e3e */\nfunc twoSumBruteForce(nums: [Int], target: Int) -> [Int] {\n    // \u4e24\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a O(n^2)\n    for i in nums.indices.dropLast() {\n        for j in nums.indices.dropFirst(i + 1) {\n            if nums[i] + nums[j] == target {\n                return [i, j]\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return [0]\n}\n
    two_sum.js
    /* \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e00\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u679a\u4e3e */\nfunction twoSumBruteForce(nums, target) {\n    const n = nums.length;\n    // \u4e24\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a O(n^2)\n    for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        for (let j = i + 1; j < n; j++) {\n            if (nums[i] + nums[j] === target) {\n                return [i, j];\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return [];\n}\n
    two_sum.ts
    /* \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e00\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u679a\u4e3e */\nfunction twoSumBruteForce(nums: number[], target: number): number[] {\n    const n = nums.length;\n    // \u4e24\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a O(n^2)\n    for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        for (let j = i + 1; j < n; j++) {\n            if (nums[i] + nums[j] === target) {\n                return [i, j];\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return [];\n}\n
    two_sum.dart
    /* \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e00\uff1a \u66b4\u529b\u679a\u4e3e */\nList<int> twoSumBruteForce(List<int> nums, int target) {\n  int size = nums.length;\n  // \u4e24\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a O(n^2)\n  for (var i = 0; i < size - 1; i++) {\n    for (var j = i + 1; j < size; j++) {\n      if (nums[i] + nums[j] == target) return [i, j];\n    }\n  }\n  return [0];\n}\n
    two_sum.rs
    /* \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e00\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u679a\u4e3e */\npub fn two_sum_brute_force(nums: &Vec<i32>, target: i32) -> Option<Vec<i32>> {\n    let size = nums.len();\n    // \u4e24\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a O(n^2)\n    for i in 0..size - 1 {\n        for j in i + 1..size {\n            if nums[i] + nums[j] == target {\n                return Some(vec![i as i32, j as i32]);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    None\n}\n
    two_sum.c
    /* \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e00\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u679a\u4e3e */\nint *twoSumBruteForce(int *nums, int numsSize, int target, int *returnSize) {\n    for (int i = 0; i < numsSize; ++i) {\n        for (int j = i + 1; j < numsSize; ++j) {\n            if (nums[i] + nums[j] == target) {\n                int *res = malloc(sizeof(int) * 2);\n                res[0] = i, res[1] = j;\n                *returnSize = 2;\n                return res;\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    *returnSize = 0;\n    return NULL;\n}\n
    two_sum.zig
    // \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e00\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u679a\u4e3e\nfn twoSumBruteForce(nums: []i32, target: i32) ?[2]i32 {\n    var size: usize = nums.len;\n    var i: usize = 0;\n    // \u4e24\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a O(n^2)\n    while (i < size - 1) : (i += 1) {\n        var j = i + 1;\n        while (j < size) : (j += 1) {\n            if (nums[i] + nums[j] == target) {\n                return [_]i32{@intCast(i), @intCast(j)};\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return null;\n}\n

    \u6b64\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n^2)\\) \uff0c\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(1)\\) \uff0c\u5728\u5927\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u4e0b\u975e\u5e38\u8017\u65f6\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_searching/replace_linear_by_hashing/#1042","title":"10.4.2 \u00a0 \u54c8\u5e0c\u67e5\u627e\uff1a\u4ee5\u7a7a\u95f4\u6362\u65f6\u95f4","text":"

    \u8003\u8651\u501f\u52a9\u4e00\u4e2a\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u5206\u522b\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u548c\u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\u3002\u5faa\u73af\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u6bcf\u8f6e\u6267\u884c\u56fe 10-10 \u6240\u793a\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002

    1. \u5224\u65ad\u6570\u5b57 target - nums[i] \u662f\u5426\u5728\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\uff0c\u82e5\u662f\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u3002
    2. \u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 nums[i] \u548c\u7d22\u5f15 i \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fdb\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u3002
    <1><2><3>

    \u56fe 10-10 \u00a0 \u8f85\u52a9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u6c42\u89e3\u4e24\u6570\u4e4b\u548c

    \u5b9e\u73b0\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u4ec5\u9700\u5355\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\u5373\u53ef\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig two_sum.py
    def two_sum_hash_table(nums: list[int], target: int) -> list[int]:\n    \"\"\"\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e8c\uff1a\u8f85\u52a9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\"\"\"\n    # \u8f85\u52a9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a O(n)\n    dic = {}\n    # \u5355\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a O(n)\n    for i in range(len(nums)):\n        if target - nums[i] in dic:\n            return [dic[target - nums[i]], i]\n        dic[nums[i]] = i\n    return []\n
    two_sum.cpp
    /* \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e8c\uff1a\u8f85\u52a9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nvector<int> twoSumHashTable(vector<int> &nums, int target) {\n    int size = nums.size();\n    // \u8f85\u52a9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a O(n)\n    unordered_map<int, int> dic;\n    // \u5355\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a O(n)\n    for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {\n        if (dic.find(target - nums[i]) != dic.end()) {\n            return {dic[target - nums[i]], i};\n        }\n        dic.emplace(nums[i], i);\n    }\n    return {};\n}\n
    two_sum.java
    /* \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e8c\uff1a\u8f85\u52a9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nint[] twoSumHashTable(int[] nums, int target) {\n    int size = nums.length;\n    // \u8f85\u52a9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a O(n)\n    Map<Integer, Integer> dic = new HashMap<>();\n    // \u5355\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a O(n)\n    for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {\n        if (dic.containsKey(target - nums[i])) {\n            return new int[] { dic.get(target - nums[i]), i };\n        }\n        dic.put(nums[i], i);\n    }\n    return new int[0];\n}\n
    two_sum.cs
    /* \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e8c\uff1a\u8f85\u52a9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nint[] TwoSumHashTable(int[] nums, int target) {\n    int size = nums.Length;\n    // \u8f85\u52a9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a O(n)\n    Dictionary<int, int> dic = [];\n    // \u5355\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a O(n)\n    for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {\n        if (dic.ContainsKey(target - nums[i])) {\n            return [dic[target - nums[i]], i];\n        }\n        dic.Add(nums[i], i);\n    }\n    return [];\n}\n
    two_sum.go
    /* \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e8c\uff1a\u8f85\u52a9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nfunc twoSumHashTable(nums []int, target int) []int {\n    // \u8f85\u52a9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a O(n)\n    hashTable := map[int]int{}\n    // \u5355\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a O(n)\n    for idx, val := range nums {\n        if preIdx, ok := hashTable[target-val]; ok {\n            return []int{preIdx, idx}\n        }\n        hashTable[val] = idx\n    }\n    return nil\n}\n
    two_sum.swift
    /* \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e8c\uff1a\u8f85\u52a9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nfunc twoSumHashTable(nums: [Int], target: Int) -> [Int] {\n    // \u8f85\u52a9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a O(n)\n    var dic: [Int: Int] = [:]\n    // \u5355\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a O(n)\n    for i in nums.indices {\n        if let j = dic[target - nums[i]] {\n            return [j, i]\n        }\n        dic[nums[i]] = i\n    }\n    return [0]\n}\n
    two_sum.js
    /* \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e8c\uff1a\u8f85\u52a9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nfunction twoSumHashTable(nums, target) {\n    // \u8f85\u52a9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a O(n)\n    let m = {};\n    // \u5355\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a O(n)\n    for (let i = 0; i < nums.length; i++) {\n        if (m[target - nums[i]] !== undefined) {\n            return [m[target - nums[i]], i];\n        } else {\n            m[nums[i]] = i;\n        }\n    }\n    return [];\n}\n
    two_sum.ts
    /* \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e8c\uff1a\u8f85\u52a9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nfunction twoSumHashTable(nums: number[], target: number): number[] {\n    // \u8f85\u52a9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a O(n)\n    let m: Map<number, number> = new Map();\n    // \u5355\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a O(n)\n    for (let i = 0; i < nums.length; i++) {\n        let index = m.get(target - nums[i]);\n        if (index !== undefined) {\n            return [index, i];\n        } else {\n            m.set(nums[i], i);\n        }\n    }\n    return [];\n}\n
    two_sum.dart
    /* \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e8c\uff1a \u8f85\u52a9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nList<int> twoSumHashTable(List<int> nums, int target) {\n  int size = nums.length;\n  // \u8f85\u52a9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a O(n)\n  Map<int, int> dic = HashMap();\n  // \u5355\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a O(n)\n  for (var i = 0; i < size; i++) {\n    if (dic.containsKey(target - nums[i])) {\n      return [dic[target - nums[i]]!, i];\n    }\n    dic.putIfAbsent(nums[i], () => i);\n  }\n  return [0];\n}\n
    two_sum.rs
    /* \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e8c\uff1a\u8f85\u52a9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\npub fn two_sum_hash_table(nums: &Vec<i32>, target: i32) -> Option<Vec<i32>> {\n    // \u8f85\u52a9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a O(n)\n    let mut dic = HashMap::new();\n    // \u5355\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a O(n)\n    for (i, num) in nums.iter().enumerate() {\n        match dic.get(&(target - num)) {\n            Some(v) => return Some(vec![*v as i32, i as i32]),\n            None => dic.insert(num, i as i32)\n        };\n    }\n    None\n}\n
    two_sum.c
    /* \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\ntypedef struct {\n    int key;\n    int val;\n    UT_hash_handle hh; // \u57fa\u4e8e uthash.h \u5b9e\u73b0\n} HashTable;\n\n/* \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u67e5\u8be2 */\nHashTable *find(HashTable *h, int key) {\n    HashTable *tmp;\n    HASH_FIND_INT(h, &key, tmp);\n    return tmp;\n}\n\n/* \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5143\u7d20\u63d2\u5165 */\nvoid insert(HashTable *h, int key, int val) {\n    HashTable *t = find(h, key);\n    if (t == NULL) {\n        HashTable *tmp = malloc(sizeof(HashTable));\n        tmp->key = key, tmp->val = val;\n        HASH_ADD_INT(h, key, tmp);\n    } else {\n        t->val = val;\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e8c\uff1a\u8f85\u52a9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nint *twoSumHashTable(int *nums, int numsSize, int target, int *returnSize) {\n    HashTable *hashtable = NULL;\n    for (int i = 0; i < numsSize; i++) {\n        HashTable *t = find(hashtable, target - nums[i]);\n        if (t != NULL) {\n            int *res = malloc(sizeof(int) * 2);\n            res[0] = t->val, res[1] = i;\n            *returnSize = 2;\n            return res;\n        }\n        insert(hashtable, nums[i], i);\n    }\n    *returnSize = 0;\n    return NULL;\n}\n
    two_sum.zig
    // \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e8c\uff1a\u8f85\u52a9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\nfn twoSumHashTable(nums: []i32, target: i32) !?[2]i32 {\n    var size: usize = nums.len;\n    // \u8f85\u52a9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a O(n)\n    var dic = std.AutoHashMap(i32, i32).init(std.heap.page_allocator);\n    defer dic.deinit();\n    var i: usize = 0;\n    // \u5355\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a O(n)\n    while (i < size) : (i += 1) {\n        if (dic.contains(target - nums[i])) {\n            return [_]i32{dic.get(target - nums[i]).?, @intCast(i)};\n        }\n        try dic.put(nums[i], @intCast(i));\n    }\n    return null;\n}\n

    \u6b64\u65b9\u6cd5\u901a\u8fc7\u54c8\u5e0c\u67e5\u627e\u5c06\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4ece \\(O(n^2)\\) \u964d\u81f3 \\(O(n)\\) \uff0c\u5927\u5e45\u63d0\u5347\u8fd0\u884c\u6548\u7387\u3002

    \u7531\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u7ef4\u62a4\u4e00\u4e2a\u989d\u5916\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n)\\) \u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u65f6\u7a7a\u6548\u7387\u66f4\u4e3a\u5747\u8861\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u662f\u672c\u9898\u7684\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u6cd5\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_searching/searching_algorithm_revisited/","title":"10.5 \u00a0 \u91cd\u8bc6\u641c\u7d22\u7b97\u6cd5","text":"

    \u300c\u641c\u7d22\u7b97\u6cd5 searching algorithm\u300d\u7528\u4e8e\u5728\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u94fe\u8868\u3001\u6811\u6216\u56fe\uff09\u4e2d\u641c\u7d22\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u4e00\u7ec4\u6ee1\u8db3\u7279\u5b9a\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u3002

    \u641c\u7d22\u7b97\u6cd5\u53ef\u6839\u636e\u5b9e\u73b0\u601d\u8def\u5206\u4e3a\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e24\u7c7b\u3002

    • \u901a\u8fc7\u904d\u5386\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u6765\u5b9a\u4f4d\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u94fe\u8868\u3001\u6811\u548c\u56fe\u7684\u904d\u5386\u7b49\u3002
    • \u5229\u7528\u6570\u636e\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ed3\u6784\u6216\u6570\u636e\u5305\u542b\u7684\u5148\u9a8c\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u9ad8\u6548\u5143\u7d20\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u3001\u54c8\u5e0c\u67e5\u627e\u548c\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u67e5\u627e\u7b49\u3002

    \u4e0d\u96be\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\u90fd\u5df2\u5728\u524d\u9762\u7684\u7ae0\u8282\u4e2d\u4ecb\u7ecd\u8fc7\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u641c\u7d22\u7b97\u6cd5\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u8bf4\u5e76\u4e0d\u964c\u751f\u3002\u5728\u672c\u8282\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4ece\u66f4\u52a0\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u5207\u5165\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u5ba1\u89c6\u641c\u7d22\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_searching/searching_algorithm_revisited/#1051","title":"10.5.1 \u00a0 \u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22","text":"

    \u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22\u901a\u8fc7\u904d\u5386\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u6765\u5b9a\u4f4d\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\u3002

    • \u201c\u7ebf\u6027\u641c\u7d22\u201d\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u94fe\u8868\u7b49\u7ebf\u6027\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u5b83\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u4e00\u7aef\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u9010\u4e2a\u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\u6216\u5230\u8fbe\u53e6\u4e00\u7aef\u4ecd\u6ca1\u6709\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\u4e3a\u6b62\u3002
    • \u201c\u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u641c\u7d22\u201d\u548c\u201c\u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u641c\u7d22\u201d\u662f\u56fe\u548c\u6811\u7684\u4e24\u79cd\u904d\u5386\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u641c\u7d22\u4ece\u521d\u59cb\u8282\u70b9\u5f00\u59cb\u9010\u5c42\u641c\u7d22\uff0c\u7531\u8fd1\u53ca\u8fdc\u5730\u8bbf\u95ee\u5404\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u3002\u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u641c\u7d22\u4ece\u521d\u59cb\u8282\u70b9\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u6cbf\u7740\u4e00\u6761\u8def\u5f84\u8d70\u5230\u5934\uff0c\u518d\u56de\u6eaf\u5e76\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5176\u4ed6\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u904d\u5386\u5b8c\u6574\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u3002

    \u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\u662f\u7b80\u5355\u4e14\u901a\u7528\u6027\u597d\uff0c\u65e0\u987b\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u505a\u9884\u5904\u7406\u548c\u501f\u52a9\u989d\u5916\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u3002

    \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6b64\u7c7b\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n)\\) \uff0c\u5176\u4e2d \\(n\\) \u4e3a\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u6027\u80fd\u8f83\u5dee\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_searching/searching_algorithm_revisited/#1052","title":"10.5.2 \u00a0 \u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u641c\u7d22","text":"

    \u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u641c\u7d22\u5229\u7528\u6570\u636e\u7684\u7279\u6709\u5c5e\u6027\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u6709\u5e8f\u6027\uff09\u6765\u4f18\u5316\u641c\u7d22\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548\u5730\u5b9a\u4f4d\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\u3002

    • \u201c\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u201d\u5229\u7528\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6709\u5e8f\u6027\u5b9e\u73b0\u9ad8\u6548\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u4ec5\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u3002
    • \u201c\u54c8\u5e0c\u67e5\u627e\u201d\u5229\u7528\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5c06\u641c\u7d22\u6570\u636e\u548c\u76ee\u6807\u6570\u636e\u5efa\u7acb\u4e3a\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6620\u5c04\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5b9e\u73b0\u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002
    • \u201c\u6811\u67e5\u627e\u201d\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u6811\u7ed3\u6784\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\uff09\u4e2d\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u6bd4\u8f83\u8282\u70b9\u503c\u6765\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5b9a\u4f4d\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\u3002

    \u6b64\u7c7b\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\u662f\u6548\u7387\u9ad8\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u53ef\u8fbe\u5230 \\(O(\\log n)\\) \u751a\u81f3 \\(O(1)\\) \u3002

    \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7b97\u6cd5\u5f80\u5f80\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u9884\u5904\u7406\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u9700\u8981\u9884\u5148\u5bf9\u6570\u7ec4\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u67e5\u627e\u548c\u6811\u67e5\u627e\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u501f\u52a9\u989d\u5916\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u7ef4\u62a4\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u989d\u5916\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u5f00\u9500\u3002

    Tip

    \u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u641c\u7d22\u7b97\u6cd5\u5e38\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u67e5\u627e\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u5feb\u901f\u68c0\u7d22\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_searching/searching_algorithm_revisited/#1053","title":"10.5.3 \u00a0 \u641c\u7d22\u65b9\u6cd5\u9009\u53d6","text":"

    \u7ed9\u5b9a\u5927\u5c0f\u4e3a \\(n\\) \u7684\u4e00\u7ec4\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u7ebf\u6027\u641c\u7d22\u3001\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u3001\u6811\u67e5\u627e\u3001\u54c8\u5e0c\u67e5\u627e\u7b49\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u4ece\u4e2d\u641c\u7d22\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u5404\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u5982\u56fe 10-11 \u6240\u793a\u3002

    \u56fe 10-11 \u00a0 \u591a\u79cd\u641c\u7d22\u7b56\u7565

    \u4e0a\u8ff0\u51e0\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u6548\u7387\u4e0e\u7279\u6027\u5982\u8868 10-1 \u6240\u793a\u3002

    \u8868 10-1 \u00a0 \u67e5\u627e\u7b97\u6cd5\u6548\u7387\u5bf9\u6bd4

    \u7ebf\u6027\u641c\u7d22 \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e \u6811\u67e5\u627e \u54c8\u5e0c\u67e5\u627e \u67e5\u627e\u5143\u7d20 \\(O(n)\\) \\(O(\\log n)\\) \\(O(\\log n)\\) \\(O(1)\\) \u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20 \\(O(1)\\) \\(O(n)\\) \\(O(\\log n)\\) \\(O(1)\\) \u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20 \\(O(n)\\) \\(O(n)\\) \\(O(\\log n)\\) \\(O(1)\\) \u989d\u5916\u7a7a\u95f4 \\(O(1)\\) \\(O(1)\\) \\(O(n)\\) \\(O(n)\\) \u6570\u636e\u9884\u5904\u7406 / \u6392\u5e8f \\(O(n \\log n)\\) \u5efa\u6811 \\(O(n \\log n)\\) \u5efa\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 \\(O(n)\\) \u6570\u636e\u662f\u5426\u6709\u5e8f \u65e0\u5e8f \u6709\u5e8f \u6709\u5e8f \u65e0\u5e8f

    \u641c\u7d22\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u8fd8\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u4f53\u91cf\u3001\u641c\u7d22\u6027\u80fd\u8981\u6c42\u3001\u6570\u636e\u67e5\u8be2\u4e0e\u66f4\u65b0\u9891\u7387\u7b49\u3002

    \u7ebf\u6027\u641c\u7d22

    • \u901a\u7528\u6027\u8f83\u597d\uff0c\u65e0\u987b\u4efb\u4f55\u6570\u636e\u9884\u5904\u7406\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u5047\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u4ec5\u9700\u67e5\u8be2\u4e00\u6b21\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5176\u4ed6\u4e09\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u6570\u636e\u9884\u5904\u7406\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6bd4\u7ebf\u6027\u641c\u7d22\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u8fd8\u8981\u66f4\u957f\u3002
    • \u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4f53\u91cf\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5bf9\u6548\u7387\u5f71\u54cd\u8f83\u5c0f\u3002
    • \u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u66f4\u65b0\u9891\u7387\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u4efb\u4f55\u989d\u5916\u7ef4\u62a4\u3002

    \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e

    • \u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5927\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u6548\u7387\u8868\u73b0\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c\u6700\u5dee\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(\\log n)\\) \u3002
    • \u6570\u636e\u91cf\u4e0d\u80fd\u8fc7\u5927\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b58\u50a8\u6570\u7ec4\u9700\u8981\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002
    • \u4e0d\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u9ad8\u9891\u589e\u5220\u6570\u636e\u7684\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7ef4\u62a4\u6709\u5e8f\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5f00\u9500\u8f83\u5927\u3002

    \u54c8\u5e0c\u67e5\u627e

    • \u9002\u5408\u5bf9\u67e5\u8be2\u6027\u80fd\u8981\u6c42\u5f88\u9ad8\u7684\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u5e73\u5747\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(1)\\) \u3002
    • \u4e0d\u9002\u5408\u9700\u8981\u6709\u5e8f\u6570\u636e\u6216\u8303\u56f4\u67e5\u627e\u7684\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u65e0\u6cd5\u7ef4\u62a4\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6709\u5e8f\u6027\u3002
    • \u5bf9\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\u5904\u7406\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u6027\u8f83\u9ad8\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u52a3\u5316\u98ce\u9669\u3002
    • \u4e0d\u9002\u5408\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u8fc7\u5927\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u9700\u8981\u989d\u5916\u7a7a\u95f4\u6765\u6700\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u5730\u51cf\u5c11\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63d0\u4f9b\u826f\u597d\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u6027\u80fd\u3002

    \u6811\u67e5\u627e

    • \u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6d77\u91cf\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6811\u8282\u70b9\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u662f\u5206\u6563\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u3002
    • \u9002\u5408\u9700\u8981\u7ef4\u62a4\u6709\u5e8f\u6570\u636e\u6216\u8303\u56f4\u67e5\u627e\u7684\u573a\u666f\u3002
    • \u5728\u6301\u7eed\u589e\u5220\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u53ef\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u503e\u659c\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u52a3\u5316\u81f3 \\(O(n)\\) \u3002
    • \u82e5\u4f7f\u7528 AVL \u6811\u6216\u7ea2\u9ed1\u6811\uff0c\u5219\u5404\u9879\u64cd\u4f5c\u53ef\u5728 \\(O(\\log n)\\) \u6548\u7387\u4e0b\u7a33\u5b9a\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u4f46\u7ef4\u62a4\u6811\u5e73\u8861\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u989d\u5916\u7684\u5f00\u9500\u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_searching/summary/","title":"10.6 \u00a0 \u5c0f\u7ed3","text":"
    • \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u4f9d\u8d56\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6709\u5e8f\u6027\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5faa\u73af\u9010\u6b65\u7f29\u51cf\u4e00\u534a\u641c\u7d22\u533a\u95f4\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u67e5\u627e\u3002\u5b83\u8981\u6c42\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u6709\u5e8f\uff0c\u4e14\u4ec5\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u6216\u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u3002
    • \u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22\u901a\u8fc7\u904d\u5386\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u6765\u5b9a\u4f4d\u6570\u636e\u3002\u7ebf\u6027\u641c\u7d22\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u94fe\u8868\uff0c\u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u641c\u7d22\u548c\u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u641c\u7d22\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u56fe\u548c\u6811\u3002\u6b64\u7c7b\u7b97\u6cd5\u901a\u7528\u6027\u597d\uff0c\u65e0\u987b\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u9884\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u4f46\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 \\(O(n)\\) \u8f83\u9ad8\u3002
    • \u54c8\u5e0c\u67e5\u627e\u3001\u6811\u67e5\u627e\u548c\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u5c5e\u4e8e\u9ad8\u6548\u641c\u7d22\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u5feb\u901f\u5b9a\u4f4d\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u6b64\u7c7b\u7b97\u6cd5\u6548\u7387\u9ad8\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u53ef\u8fbe \\(O(\\log n)\\) \u751a\u81f3 \\(O(1)\\) \uff0c\u4f46\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u501f\u52a9\u989d\u5916\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u3002
    • \u5b9e\u9645\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u4f53\u91cf\u3001\u641c\u7d22\u6027\u80fd\u8981\u6c42\u3001\u6570\u636e\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u66f4\u65b0\u9891\u7387\u7b49\u56e0\u7d20\u8fdb\u884c\u5177\u4f53\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u641c\u7d22\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002
    • \u7ebf\u6027\u641c\u7d22\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5c0f\u578b\u6216\u9891\u7e41\u66f4\u65b0\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff1b\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5927\u578b\u3001\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff1b\u54c8\u5e0c\u67e5\u627e\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5bf9\u67e5\u8be2\u6548\u7387\u8981\u6c42\u8f83\u9ad8\u4e14\u65e0\u987b\u8303\u56f4\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff1b\u6811\u67e5\u627e\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u7ef4\u62a4\u987a\u5e8f\u548c\u652f\u6301\u8303\u56f4\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u5927\u578b\u52a8\u6001\u6570\u636e\u3002
    • \u7528\u54c8\u5e0c\u67e5\u627e\u66ff\u6362\u7ebf\u6027\u67e5\u627e\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u4f18\u5316\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u53ef\u5c06\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4ece \\(O(n)\\) \u964d\u81f3 \\(O(1)\\) \u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_sorting/","title":"\u7b2c 11 \u7ae0 \u00a0 \u6392\u5e8f","text":"

    Abstract

    \u6392\u5e8f\u72b9\u5982\u4e00\u628a\u5c06\u6df7\u4e71\u53d8\u4e3a\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u9b54\u6cd5\u94a5\u5319\uff0c\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u4ee5\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u7406\u89e3\u4e0e\u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e\u3002

    \u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5347\u5e8f\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u590d\u6742\u7684\u5206\u7c7b\u6392\u5217\uff0c\u6392\u5e8f\u90fd\u5411\u6211\u4eec\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u7684\u548c\u8c10\u7f8e\u611f\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_sorting/#_1","title":"\u672c\u7ae0\u5185\u5bb9","text":"
    • 11.1 \u00a0 \u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5
    • 11.2 \u00a0 \u9009\u62e9\u6392\u5e8f
    • 11.3 \u00a0 \u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f
    • 11.4 \u00a0 \u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f
    • 11.5 \u00a0 \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f
    • 11.6 \u00a0 \u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f
    • 11.7 \u00a0 \u5806\u6392\u5e8f
    • 11.8 \u00a0 \u6876\u6392\u5e8f
    • 11.9 \u00a0 \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f
    • 11.10 \u00a0 \u57fa\u6570\u6392\u5e8f
    • 11.11 \u00a0 \u5c0f\u7ed3
    "},{"location":"chapter_sorting/bubble_sort/","title":"11.3 \u00a0 \u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f","text":"

    \u300c\u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f bubble sort\u300d\u901a\u8fc7\u8fde\u7eed\u5730\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e0e\u4ea4\u6362\u76f8\u90bb\u5143\u7d20\u5b9e\u73b0\u6392\u5e8f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5c31\u50cf\u6c14\u6ce1\u4ece\u5e95\u90e8\u5347\u5230\u9876\u90e8\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5f97\u540d\u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\u3002

    \u5982\u56fe 11-4 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5192\u6ce1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u64cd\u4f5c\u6765\u6a21\u62df\uff1a\u4ece\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5de6\u7aef\u5f00\u59cb\u5411\u53f3\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u4f9d\u6b21\u6bd4\u8f83\u76f8\u90bb\u5143\u7d20\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u201c\u5de6\u5143\u7d20 > \u53f3\u5143\u7d20\u201d\u5c31\u4ea4\u6362\u4e8c\u8005\u3002\u904d\u5386\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u4f1a\u88ab\u79fb\u52a8\u5230\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef\u3002

    <1><2><3><4><5><6><7>

    \u56fe 11-4 \u00a0 \u5229\u7528\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u64cd\u4f5c\u6a21\u62df\u5192\u6ce1

    "},{"location":"chapter_sorting/bubble_sort/#1131","title":"11.3.1 \u00a0 \u7b97\u6cd5\u6d41\u7a0b","text":"

    \u8bbe\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(n\\) \uff0c\u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\u5982\u56fe 11-5 \u6240\u793a\u3002

    1. \u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5bf9 \\(n\\) \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u6267\u884c\u201c\u5192\u6ce1\u201d\uff0c\u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u6b63\u786e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002
    2. \u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u5bf9\u5269\u4f59 \\(n - 1\\) \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u6267\u884c\u201c\u5192\u6ce1\u201d\uff0c\u5c06\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u6b63\u786e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002
    3. \u4ee5\u6b64\u7c7b\u63a8\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7 \\(n - 1\\) \u8f6e\u201c\u5192\u6ce1\u201d\u540e\uff0c\u524d \\(n - 1\\) \u5927\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u88ab\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u6b63\u786e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002
    4. \u4ec5\u5269\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5fc5\u5b9a\u662f\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u65e0\u987b\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6570\u7ec4\u6392\u5e8f\u5b8c\u6210\u3002

    \u56fe 11-5 \u00a0 \u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\u6d41\u7a0b

    \u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig bubble_sort.py
    def bubble_sort(nums: list[int]):\n    \"\"\"\u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\"\"\"\n    n = len(nums)\n    # \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\n    for i in range(n - 1, 0, -1):\n        # \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef\n        for j in range(i):\n            if nums[j] > nums[j + 1]:\n                # \u4ea4\u6362 nums[j] \u4e0e nums[j + 1]\n                nums[j], nums[j + 1] = nums[j + 1], nums[j]\n
    bubble_sort.cpp
    /* \u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid bubbleSort(vector<int> &nums) {\n    // \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\n    for (int i = nums.size() - 1; i > 0; i--) {\n        // \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef\n        for (int j = 0; j < i; j++) {\n            if (nums[j] > nums[j + 1]) {\n                // \u4ea4\u6362 nums[j] \u4e0e nums[j + 1]\n                // \u8fd9\u91cc\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86 std::swap() \u51fd\u6570\n                swap(nums[j], nums[j + 1]);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    bubble_sort.java
    /* \u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid bubbleSort(int[] nums) {\n    // \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\n    for (int i = nums.length - 1; i > 0; i--) {\n        // \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef\n        for (int j = 0; j < i; j++) {\n            if (nums[j] > nums[j + 1]) {\n                // \u4ea4\u6362 nums[j] \u4e0e nums[j + 1]\n                int tmp = nums[j];\n                nums[j] = nums[j + 1];\n                nums[j + 1] = tmp;\n            }\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    bubble_sort.cs
    /* \u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid BubbleSort(int[] nums) {\n    // \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\n    for (int i = nums.Length - 1; i > 0; i--) {\n        // \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef \n        for (int j = 0; j < i; j++) {\n            if (nums[j] > nums[j + 1]) {\n                // \u4ea4\u6362 nums[j] \u4e0e nums[j + 1]\n                (nums[j + 1], nums[j]) = (nums[j], nums[j + 1]);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    bubble_sort.go
    /* \u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f */\nfunc bubbleSort(nums []int) {\n    // \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\n    for i := len(nums) - 1; i > 0; i-- {\n        // \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef\n        for j := 0; j < i; j++ {\n            if nums[j] > nums[j+1] {\n                // \u4ea4\u6362 nums[j] \u4e0e nums[j + 1]\n                nums[j], nums[j+1] = nums[j+1], nums[j]\n            }\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    bubble_sort.swift
    /* \u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f */\nfunc bubbleSort(nums: inout [Int]) {\n    // \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\n    for i in stride(from: nums.count - 1, to: 0, by: -1) {\n        // \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef \n        for j in stride(from: 0, to: i, by: 1) {\n            if nums[j] > nums[j + 1] {\n                // \u4ea4\u6362 nums[j] \u4e0e nums[j + 1]\n                let tmp = nums[j]\n                nums[j] = nums[j + 1]\n                nums[j + 1] = tmp\n            }\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    bubble_sort.js
    /* \u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f */\nfunction bubbleSort(nums) {\n    // \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\n    for (let i = nums.length - 1; i > 0; i--) {\n        // \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef\n        for (let j = 0; j < i; j++) {\n            if (nums[j] > nums[j + 1]) {\n                // \u4ea4\u6362 nums[j] \u4e0e nums[j + 1]\n                let tmp = nums[j];\n                nums[j] = nums[j + 1];\n                nums[j + 1] = tmp;\n            }\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    bubble_sort.ts
    /* \u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f */\nfunction bubbleSort(nums: number[]): void {\n    // \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\n    for (let i = nums.length - 1; i > 0; i--) {\n        // \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef\n        for (let j = 0; j < i; j++) {\n            if (nums[j] > nums[j + 1]) {\n                // \u4ea4\u6362 nums[j] \u4e0e nums[j + 1]\n                let tmp = nums[j];\n                nums[j] = nums[j + 1];\n                nums[j + 1] = tmp;\n            }\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    bubble_sort.dart
    /* \u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid bubbleSort(List<int> nums) {\n  // \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\n  for (int i = nums.length - 1; i > 0; i--) {\n    // \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef\n    for (int j = 0; j < i; j++) {\n      if (nums[j] > nums[j + 1]) {\n        // \u4ea4\u6362 nums[j] \u4e0e nums[j + 1]\n        int tmp = nums[j];\n        nums[j] = nums[j + 1];\n        nums[j + 1] = tmp;\n      }\n    }\n  }\n}\n
    bubble_sort.rs
    /* \u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f */\nfn bubble_sort(nums: &mut [i32]) {\n    // \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\n    for i in (1..nums.len()).rev() {\n        // \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef \n        for j in 0..i {\n            if nums[j] > nums[j + 1] {\n                // \u4ea4\u6362 nums[j] \u4e0e nums[j + 1]\n                let tmp = nums[j];\n                nums[j] = nums[j + 1];\n                nums[j + 1] = tmp;\n            }\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    bubble_sort.c
    /* \u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid bubbleSort(int nums[], int size) {\n    // \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\n    for (int i = size - 1; i > 0; i--) {\n        // \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef\n        for (int j = 0; j < i; j++) {\n            if (nums[j] > nums[j + 1]) {\n                int temp = nums[j];\n                nums[j] = nums[j + 1];\n                nums[j + 1] = temp;\n            }\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    bubble_sort.zig
    // \u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\nfn bubbleSort(nums: []i32) void {\n    // \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\n    var i: usize = nums.len - 1;\n    while (i > 0) : (i -= 1) {\n        var j: usize = 0;\n        // \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef \n        while (j < i) : (j += 1) {\n            if (nums[j] > nums[j + 1]) {\n                // \u4ea4\u6362 nums[j] \u4e0e nums[j + 1]\n                var tmp = nums[j];\n                nums[j] = nums[j + 1];\n                nums[j + 1] = tmp;\n            }\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_sorting/bubble_sort/#1132","title":"11.3.2 \u00a0 \u6548\u7387\u4f18\u5316","text":"

    \u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u67d0\u8f6e\u201c\u5192\u6ce1\u201d\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u6267\u884c\u4efb\u4f55\u4ea4\u6362\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b8c\u6210\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u53ef\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u589e\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d flag \u6765\u76d1\u6d4b\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u51fa\u73b0\u5c31\u7acb\u5373\u8fd4\u56de\u3002

    \u7ecf\u8fc7\u4f18\u5316\uff0c\u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u6700\u5dee\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u548c\u5e73\u5747\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4ecd\u4e3a \\(O(n^2)\\) \uff1b\u4f46\u5f53\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u7ec4\u5b8c\u5168\u6709\u5e8f\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u4f73\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 \\(O(n)\\) \u3002

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig bubble_sort.py
    def bubble_sort_with_flag(nums: list[int]):\n    \"\"\"\u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u6807\u5fd7\u4f18\u5316\uff09\"\"\"\n    n = len(nums)\n    # \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\n    for i in range(n - 1, 0, -1):\n        flag = False  # \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d\n        # \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef\n        for j in range(i):\n            if nums[j] > nums[j + 1]:\n                # \u4ea4\u6362 nums[j] \u4e0e nums[j + 1]\n                nums[j], nums[j + 1] = nums[j + 1], nums[j]\n                flag = True  # \u8bb0\u5f55\u4ea4\u6362\u5143\u7d20\n        if not flag:\n            break  # \u6b64\u8f6e\u201c\u5192\u6ce1\u201d\u672a\u4ea4\u6362\u4efb\u4f55\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u51fa\n
    bubble_sort.cpp
    /* \u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u6807\u5fd7\u4f18\u5316\uff09*/\nvoid bubbleSortWithFlag(vector<int> &nums) {\n    // \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\n    for (int i = nums.size() - 1; i > 0; i--) {\n        bool flag = false; // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d\n        // \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef\n        for (int j = 0; j < i; j++) {\n            if (nums[j] > nums[j + 1]) {\n                // \u4ea4\u6362 nums[j] \u4e0e nums[j + 1]\n                // \u8fd9\u91cc\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86 std::swap() \u51fd\u6570\n                swap(nums[j], nums[j + 1]);\n                flag = true; // \u8bb0\u5f55\u4ea4\u6362\u5143\u7d20\n            }\n        }\n        if (!flag)\n            break; // \u6b64\u8f6e\u201c\u5192\u6ce1\u201d\u672a\u4ea4\u6362\u4efb\u4f55\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u51fa\n    }\n}\n
    bubble_sort.java
    /* \u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u6807\u5fd7\u4f18\u5316\uff09 */\nvoid bubbleSortWithFlag(int[] nums) {\n    // \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\n    for (int i = nums.length - 1; i > 0; i--) {\n        boolean flag = false; // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d\n        // \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef\n        for (int j = 0; j < i; j++) {\n            if (nums[j] > nums[j + 1]) {\n                // \u4ea4\u6362 nums[j] \u4e0e nums[j + 1]\n                int tmp = nums[j];\n                nums[j] = nums[j + 1];\n                nums[j + 1] = tmp;\n                flag = true; // \u8bb0\u5f55\u4ea4\u6362\u5143\u7d20\n            }\n        }\n        if (!flag)\n            break; // \u6b64\u8f6e\u201c\u5192\u6ce1\u201d\u672a\u4ea4\u6362\u4efb\u4f55\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u51fa\n    }\n}\n
    bubble_sort.cs
    /* \u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u6807\u5fd7\u4f18\u5316\uff09*/\nvoid BubbleSortWithFlag(int[] nums) {\n    // \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\n    for (int i = nums.Length - 1; i > 0; i--) {\n        bool flag = false; // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d\n        // \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef \n        for (int j = 0; j < i; j++) {\n            if (nums[j] > nums[j + 1]) {\n                // \u4ea4\u6362 nums[j] \u4e0e nums[j + 1]\n                (nums[j + 1], nums[j]) = (nums[j], nums[j + 1]);\n                flag = true;  // \u8bb0\u5f55\u4ea4\u6362\u5143\u7d20\n            }\n        }\n        if (!flag) break;     // \u6b64\u8f6e\u201c\u5192\u6ce1\u201d\u672a\u4ea4\u6362\u4efb\u4f55\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u51fa\n    }\n}\n
    bubble_sort.go
    /* \u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u6807\u5fd7\u4f18\u5316\uff09*/\nfunc bubbleSortWithFlag(nums []int) {\n    // \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\n    for i := len(nums) - 1; i > 0; i-- {\n        flag := false // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d\n        // \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef\n        for j := 0; j < i; j++ {\n            if nums[j] > nums[j+1] {\n                // \u4ea4\u6362 nums[j] \u4e0e nums[j + 1]\n                nums[j], nums[j+1] = nums[j+1], nums[j]\n                flag = true // \u8bb0\u5f55\u4ea4\u6362\u5143\u7d20\n            }\n        }\n        if flag == false { // \u6b64\u8f6e\u201c\u5192\u6ce1\u201d\u672a\u4ea4\u6362\u4efb\u4f55\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u51fa\n            break\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    bubble_sort.swift
    /* \u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u6807\u5fd7\u4f18\u5316\uff09*/\nfunc bubbleSortWithFlag(nums: inout [Int]) {\n    // \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\n    for i in stride(from: nums.count - 1, to: 0, by: -1) {\n        var flag = false // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d\n        for j in stride(from: 0, to: i, by: 1) {\n            if nums[j] > nums[j + 1] {\n                // \u4ea4\u6362 nums[j] \u4e0e nums[j + 1]\n                let tmp = nums[j]\n                nums[j] = nums[j + 1]\n                nums[j + 1] = tmp\n                flag = true // \u8bb0\u5f55\u4ea4\u6362\u5143\u7d20\n            }\n        }\n        if !flag { // \u6b64\u8f6e\u201c\u5192\u6ce1\u201d\u672a\u4ea4\u6362\u4efb\u4f55\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u51fa\n            break\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    bubble_sort.js
    /* \u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u6807\u5fd7\u4f18\u5316\uff09*/\nfunction bubbleSortWithFlag(nums) {\n    // \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\n    for (let i = nums.length - 1; i > 0; i--) {\n        let flag = false; // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d\n        // \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef\n        for (let j = 0; j < i; j++) {\n            if (nums[j] > nums[j + 1]) {\n                // \u4ea4\u6362 nums[j] \u4e0e nums[j + 1]\n                let tmp = nums[j];\n                nums[j] = nums[j + 1];\n                nums[j + 1] = tmp;\n                flag = true; // \u8bb0\u5f55\u4ea4\u6362\u5143\u7d20\n            }\n        }\n        if (!flag) break; // \u6b64\u8f6e\u201c\u5192\u6ce1\u201d\u672a\u4ea4\u6362\u4efb\u4f55\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u51fa\n    }\n}\n
    bubble_sort.ts
    /* \u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u6807\u5fd7\u4f18\u5316\uff09*/\nfunction bubbleSortWithFlag(nums: number[]): void {\n    // \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\n    for (let i = nums.length - 1; i > 0; i--) {\n        let flag = false; // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d\n        // \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef\n        for (let j = 0; j < i; j++) {\n            if (nums[j] > nums[j + 1]) {\n                // \u4ea4\u6362 nums[j] \u4e0e nums[j + 1]\n                let tmp = nums[j];\n                nums[j] = nums[j + 1];\n                nums[j + 1] = tmp;\n                flag = true; // \u8bb0\u5f55\u4ea4\u6362\u5143\u7d20\n            }\n        }\n        if (!flag) break; // \u6b64\u8f6e\u201c\u5192\u6ce1\u201d\u672a\u4ea4\u6362\u4efb\u4f55\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u51fa\n    }\n}\n
    bubble_sort.dart
    /* \u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u6807\u5fd7\u4f18\u5316\uff09*/\nvoid bubbleSortWithFlag(List<int> nums) {\n  // \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\n  for (int i = nums.length - 1; i > 0; i--) {\n    bool flag = false; // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d\n    // \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef\n    for (int j = 0; j < i; j++) {\n      if (nums[j] > nums[j + 1]) {\n        // \u4ea4\u6362 nums[j] \u4e0e nums[j + 1]\n        int tmp = nums[j];\n        nums[j] = nums[j + 1];\n        nums[j + 1] = tmp;\n        flag = true; // \u8bb0\u5f55\u4ea4\u6362\u5143\u7d20\n      }\n    }\n    if (!flag) break; // \u6b64\u8f6e\u201c\u5192\u6ce1\u201d\u672a\u4ea4\u6362\u4efb\u4f55\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u51fa\n  }\n}\n
    bubble_sort.rs
    /* \u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u6807\u5fd7\u4f18\u5316\uff09 */\nfn bubble_sort_with_flag(nums: &mut [i32]) {\n    // \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\n    for i in (1..nums.len()).rev() {\n        let mut flag = false; // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d\n        // \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef \n        for j in 0..i {\n            if nums[j] > nums[j + 1] {\n                // \u4ea4\u6362 nums[j] \u4e0e nums[j + 1]\n                let tmp = nums[j];\n                nums[j] = nums[j + 1];\n                nums[j + 1] = tmp;\n                flag = true;  // \u8bb0\u5f55\u4ea4\u6362\u5143\u7d20\n            }\n        }\n        if !flag {break};  // \u6b64\u8f6e\u201c\u5192\u6ce1\u201d\u672a\u4ea4\u6362\u4efb\u4f55\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u51fa\n    }\n}\n
    bubble_sort.c
    /* \u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u6807\u5fd7\u4f18\u5316\uff09*/\nvoid bubbleSortWithFlag(int nums[], int size) {\n    // \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\n    for (int i = size - 1; i > 0; i--) {\n        bool flag = false;\n        // \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef\n        for (int j = 0; j < i; j++) {\n            if (nums[j] > nums[j + 1]) {\n                int temp = nums[j];\n                nums[j] = nums[j + 1];\n                nums[j + 1] = temp;\n                flag = true;\n            }\n        }\n        if (!flag)\n            break;\n    }\n}\n
    bubble_sort.zig
    // \u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u6807\u5fd7\u4f18\u5316\uff09\nfn bubbleSortWithFlag(nums: []i32) void {\n    // \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\n    var i: usize = nums.len - 1;\n    while (i > 0) : (i -= 1) {\n        var flag = false;   // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d\n        var j: usize = 0;\n        // \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef \n        while (j < i) : (j += 1) {\n            if (nums[j] > nums[j + 1]) {\n                // \u4ea4\u6362 nums[j] \u4e0e nums[j + 1]\n                var tmp = nums[j];\n                nums[j] = nums[j + 1];\n                nums[j + 1] = tmp;\n                flag = true;\n            }\n        }\n        if (!flag) break;   // \u6b64\u8f6e\u201c\u5192\u6ce1\u201d\u672a\u4ea4\u6362\u4efb\u4f55\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u51fa\n    }\n}\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_sorting/bubble_sort/#1133","title":"11.3.3 \u00a0 \u7b97\u6cd5\u7279\u6027","text":"
    • \u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n^2)\\)\u3001\u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u6392\u5e8f\uff1a\u5404\u8f6e\u201c\u5192\u6ce1\u201d\u904d\u5386\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4f9d\u6b21\u4e3a \\(n - 1\\)\u3001\\(n - 2\\)\u3001\\(\\dots\\)\u3001\\(2\\)\u3001\\(1\\) \uff0c\u603b\u548c\u4e3a \\((n - 1) n / 2\\) \u3002\u5728\u5f15\u5165 flag \u4f18\u5316\u540e\uff0c\u6700\u4f73\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u53ef\u8fbe\u5230 \\(O(n)\\) \u3002
    • \u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(1)\\)\u3001\u539f\u5730\u6392\u5e8f\uff1a\u6307\u9488 \\(i\\) \u548c \\(j\\) \u4f7f\u7528\u5e38\u6570\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u989d\u5916\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002
    • \u7a33\u5b9a\u6392\u5e8f\uff1a\u7531\u4e8e\u5728\u201c\u5192\u6ce1\u201d\u4e2d\u9047\u5230\u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\u4e0d\u4ea4\u6362\u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_sorting/bucket_sort/","title":"11.8 \u00a0 \u6876\u6392\u5e8f","text":"

    \u524d\u8ff0\u51e0\u79cd\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u90fd\u5c5e\u4e8e\u201c\u57fa\u4e8e\u6bd4\u8f83\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u201d\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u6bd4\u8f83\u5143\u7d20\u95f4\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u6392\u5e8f\u3002\u6b64\u7c7b\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u65e0\u6cd5\u8d85\u8d8a \\(O(n \\log n)\\) \u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u63a2\u8ba8\u51e0\u79cd\u201c\u975e\u6bd4\u8f83\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u201d\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fbe\u5230\u7ebf\u6027\u9636\u3002

    \u300c\u6876\u6392\u5e8f bucket sort\u300d\u662f\u5206\u6cbb\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5178\u578b\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u5b83\u901a\u8fc7\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e00\u4e9b\u5177\u6709\u5927\u5c0f\u987a\u5e8f\u7684\u6876\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6876\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5e73\u5747\u5206\u914d\u5230\u5404\u4e2a\u6876\u4e2d\uff1b\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6876\u5185\u90e8\u5206\u522b\u6267\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\uff1b\u6700\u7ec8\u6309\u7167\u6876\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u6570\u636e\u5408\u5e76\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_sorting/bucket_sort/#1181","title":"11.8.1 \u00a0 \u7b97\u6cd5\u6d41\u7a0b","text":"

    \u8003\u8651\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(n\\) \u7684\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5176\u5143\u7d20\u662f\u8303\u56f4 \\([0, 1)\\) \u5185\u7684\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570\u3002\u6876\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u6d41\u7a0b\u5982\u56fe 11-13 \u6240\u793a\u3002

    1. \u521d\u59cb\u5316 \\(k\\) \u4e2a\u6876\uff0c\u5c06 \\(n\\) \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5206\u914d\u5230 \\(k\\) \u4e2a\u6876\u4e2d\u3002
    2. \u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6876\u5206\u522b\u6267\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u8fd9\u91cc\u91c7\u7528\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u5185\u7f6e\u6392\u5e8f\u51fd\u6570\uff09\u3002
    3. \u6309\u7167\u6876\u4ece\u5c0f\u5230\u5927\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u5408\u5e76\u7ed3\u679c\u3002

    \u56fe 11-13 \u00a0 \u6876\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u6d41\u7a0b

    \u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig bucket_sort.py
    def bucket_sort(nums: list[float]):\n    \"\"\"\u6876\u6392\u5e8f\"\"\"\n    # \u521d\u59cb\u5316 k = n/2 \u4e2a\u6876\uff0c\u9884\u671f\u5411\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6876\u5206\u914d 2 \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\n    k = len(nums) // 2\n    buckets = [[] for _ in range(k)]\n    # 1. \u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u5206\u914d\u5230\u5404\u4e2a\u6876\u4e2d\n    for num in nums:\n        # \u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u8303\u56f4\u4e3a [0, 1)\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 num * k \u6620\u5c04\u5230\u7d22\u5f15\u8303\u56f4 [0, k-1]\n        i = int(num * k)\n        # \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fdb\u6876 i\n        buckets[i].append(num)\n    # 2. \u5bf9\u5404\u4e2a\u6876\u6267\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\n    for bucket in buckets:\n        # \u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u7f6e\u6392\u5e8f\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u66ff\u6362\u6210\u5176\u4ed6\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\n        bucket.sort()\n    # 3. \u904d\u5386\u6876\u5408\u5e76\u7ed3\u679c\n    i = 0\n    for bucket in buckets:\n        for num in bucket:\n            nums[i] = num\n            i += 1\n
    bucket_sort.cpp
    /* \u6876\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid bucketSort(vector<float> &nums) {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 k = n/2 \u4e2a\u6876\uff0c\u9884\u671f\u5411\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6876\u5206\u914d 2 \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\n    int k = nums.size() / 2;\n    vector<vector<float>> buckets(k);\n    // 1. \u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u5206\u914d\u5230\u5404\u4e2a\u6876\u4e2d\n    for (float num : nums) {\n        // \u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u8303\u56f4\u4e3a [0, 1)\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 num * k \u6620\u5c04\u5230\u7d22\u5f15\u8303\u56f4 [0, k-1]\n        int i = num * k;\n        // \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fdb\u6876 bucket_idx\n        buckets[i].push_back(num);\n    }\n    // 2. \u5bf9\u5404\u4e2a\u6876\u6267\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\n    for (vector<float> &bucket : buckets) {\n        // \u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u7f6e\u6392\u5e8f\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u66ff\u6362\u6210\u5176\u4ed6\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\n        sort(bucket.begin(), bucket.end());\n    }\n    // 3. \u904d\u5386\u6876\u5408\u5e76\u7ed3\u679c\n    int i = 0;\n    for (vector<float> &bucket : buckets) {\n        for (float num : bucket) {\n            nums[i++] = num;\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    bucket_sort.java
    /* \u6876\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid bucketSort(float[] nums) {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 k = n/2 \u4e2a\u6876\uff0c\u9884\u671f\u5411\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6876\u5206\u914d 2 \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\n    int k = nums.length / 2;\n    List<List<Float>> buckets = new ArrayList<>();\n    for (int i = 0; i < k; i++) {\n        buckets.add(new ArrayList<>());\n    }\n    // 1. \u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u5206\u914d\u5230\u5404\u4e2a\u6876\u4e2d\n    for (float num : nums) {\n        // \u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u8303\u56f4\u4e3a [0, 1)\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 num * k \u6620\u5c04\u5230\u7d22\u5f15\u8303\u56f4 [0, k-1]\n        int i = (int) (num * k);\n        // \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fdb\u6876 i\n        buckets.get(i).add(num);\n    }\n    // 2. \u5bf9\u5404\u4e2a\u6876\u6267\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\n    for (List<Float> bucket : buckets) {\n        // \u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u7f6e\u6392\u5e8f\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u66ff\u6362\u6210\u5176\u4ed6\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\n        Collections.sort(bucket);\n    }\n    // 3. \u904d\u5386\u6876\u5408\u5e76\u7ed3\u679c\n    int i = 0;\n    for (List<Float> bucket : buckets) {\n        for (float num : bucket) {\n            nums[i++] = num;\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    bucket_sort.cs
    /* \u6876\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid BucketSort(float[] nums) {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 k = n/2 \u4e2a\u6876\uff0c\u9884\u671f\u5411\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6876\u5206\u914d 2 \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\n    int k = nums.Length / 2;\n    List<List<float>> buckets = [];\n    for (int i = 0; i < k; i++) {\n        buckets.Add([]);\n    }\n    // 1. \u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u5206\u914d\u5230\u5404\u4e2a\u6876\u4e2d\n    foreach (float num in nums) {\n        // \u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u8303\u56f4\u4e3a [0, 1)\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 num * k \u6620\u5c04\u5230\u7d22\u5f15\u8303\u56f4 [0, k-1]\n        int i = (int)(num * k);\n        // \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fdb\u6876 i\n        buckets[i].Add(num);\n    }\n    // 2. \u5bf9\u5404\u4e2a\u6876\u6267\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\n    foreach (List<float> bucket in buckets) {\n        // \u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u7f6e\u6392\u5e8f\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u66ff\u6362\u6210\u5176\u4ed6\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\n        bucket.Sort();\n    }\n    // 3. \u904d\u5386\u6876\u5408\u5e76\u7ed3\u679c\n    int j = 0;\n    foreach (List<float> bucket in buckets) {\n        foreach (float num in bucket) {\n            nums[j++] = num;\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    bucket_sort.go
    /* \u6876\u6392\u5e8f */\nfunc bucketSort(nums []float64) {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 k = n/2 \u4e2a\u6876\uff0c\u9884\u671f\u5411\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6876\u5206\u914d 2 \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\n    k := len(nums) / 2\n    buckets := make([][]float64, k)\n    for i := 0; i < k; i++ {\n        buckets[i] = make([]float64, 0)\n    }\n    // 1. \u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u5206\u914d\u5230\u5404\u4e2a\u6876\u4e2d\n    for _, num := range nums {\n        // \u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u8303\u56f4\u4e3a [0, 1)\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 num * k \u6620\u5c04\u5230\u7d22\u5f15\u8303\u56f4 [0, k-1]\n        i := int(num * float64(k))\n        // \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fdb\u6876 i\n        buckets[i] = append(buckets[i], num)\n    }\n    // 2. \u5bf9\u5404\u4e2a\u6876\u6267\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\n    for i := 0; i < k; i++ {\n        // \u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u7f6e\u5207\u7247\u6392\u5e8f\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u66ff\u6362\u6210\u5176\u4ed6\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\n        sort.Float64s(buckets[i])\n    }\n    // 3. \u904d\u5386\u6876\u5408\u5e76\u7ed3\u679c\n    i := 0\n    for _, bucket := range buckets {\n        for _, num := range bucket {\n            nums[i] = num\n            i++\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    bucket_sort.swift
    /* \u6876\u6392\u5e8f */\nfunc bucketSort(nums: inout [Double]) {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 k = n/2 \u4e2a\u6876\uff0c\u9884\u671f\u5411\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6876\u5206\u914d 2 \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\n    let k = nums.count / 2\n    var buckets = (0 ..< k).map { _ in [Double]() }\n    // 1. \u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u5206\u914d\u5230\u5404\u4e2a\u6876\u4e2d\n    for num in nums {\n        // \u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u8303\u56f4\u4e3a [0, 1)\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 num * k \u6620\u5c04\u5230\u7d22\u5f15\u8303\u56f4 [0, k-1]\n        let i = Int(num * Double(k))\n        // \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fdb\u6876 i\n        buckets[i].append(num)\n    }\n    // 2. \u5bf9\u5404\u4e2a\u6876\u6267\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\n    for i in buckets.indices {\n        // \u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u7f6e\u6392\u5e8f\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u66ff\u6362\u6210\u5176\u4ed6\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\n        buckets[i].sort()\n    }\n    // 3. \u904d\u5386\u6876\u5408\u5e76\u7ed3\u679c\n    var i = nums.startIndex\n    for bucket in buckets {\n        for num in bucket {\n            nums[i] = num\n            nums.formIndex(after: &i)\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    bucket_sort.js
    /* \u6876\u6392\u5e8f */\nfunction bucketSort(nums) {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 k = n/2 \u4e2a\u6876\uff0c\u9884\u671f\u5411\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6876\u5206\u914d 2 \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\n    const k = nums.length / 2;\n    const buckets = [];\n    for (let i = 0; i < k; i++) {\n        buckets.push([]);\n    }\n    // 1. \u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u5206\u914d\u5230\u5404\u4e2a\u6876\u4e2d\n    for (const num of nums) {\n        // \u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u8303\u56f4\u4e3a [0, 1)\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 num * k \u6620\u5c04\u5230\u7d22\u5f15\u8303\u56f4 [0, k-1]\n        const i = Math.floor(num * k);\n        // \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fdb\u6876 i\n        buckets[i].push(num);\n    }\n    // 2. \u5bf9\u5404\u4e2a\u6876\u6267\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\n    for (const bucket of buckets) {\n        // \u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u7f6e\u6392\u5e8f\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u66ff\u6362\u6210\u5176\u4ed6\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\n        bucket.sort((a, b) => a - b);\n    }\n    // 3. \u904d\u5386\u6876\u5408\u5e76\u7ed3\u679c\n    let i = 0;\n    for (const bucket of buckets) {\n        for (const num of bucket) {\n            nums[i++] = num;\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    bucket_sort.ts
    /* \u6876\u6392\u5e8f */\nfunction bucketSort(nums: number[]): void {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 k = n/2 \u4e2a\u6876\uff0c\u9884\u671f\u5411\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6876\u5206\u914d 2 \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\n    const k = nums.length / 2;\n    const buckets: number[][] = [];\n    for (let i = 0; i < k; i++) {\n        buckets.push([]);\n    }\n    // 1. \u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u5206\u914d\u5230\u5404\u4e2a\u6876\u4e2d\n    for (const num of nums) {\n        // \u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u8303\u56f4\u4e3a [0, 1)\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 num * k \u6620\u5c04\u5230\u7d22\u5f15\u8303\u56f4 [0, k-1]\n        const i = Math.floor(num * k);\n        // \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fdb\u6876 i\n        buckets[i].push(num);\n    }\n    // 2. \u5bf9\u5404\u4e2a\u6876\u6267\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\n    for (const bucket of buckets) {\n        // \u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u7f6e\u6392\u5e8f\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u66ff\u6362\u6210\u5176\u4ed6\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\n        bucket.sort((a, b) => a - b);\n    }\n    // 3. \u904d\u5386\u6876\u5408\u5e76\u7ed3\u679c\n    let i = 0;\n    for (const bucket of buckets) {\n        for (const num of bucket) {\n            nums[i++] = num;\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    bucket_sort.dart
    /* \u6876\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid bucketSort(List<double> nums) {\n  // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 k = n/2 \u4e2a\u6876\uff0c\u9884\u671f\u5411\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6876\u5206\u914d 2 \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\n  int k = nums.length ~/ 2;\n  List<List<double>> buckets = List.generate(k, (index) => []);\n\n  // 1. \u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u5206\u914d\u5230\u5404\u4e2a\u6876\u4e2d\n  for (double _num in nums) {\n    // \u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u8303\u56f4\u4e3a [0, 1)\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 _num * k \u6620\u5c04\u5230\u7d22\u5f15\u8303\u56f4 [0, k-1]\n    int i = (_num * k).toInt();\n    // \u5c06 _num \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fdb\u6876 bucket_idx\n    buckets[i].add(_num);\n  }\n  // 2. \u5bf9\u5404\u4e2a\u6876\u6267\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\n  for (List<double> bucket in buckets) {\n    bucket.sort();\n  }\n  // 3. \u904d\u5386\u6876\u5408\u5e76\u7ed3\u679c\n  int i = 0;\n  for (List<double> bucket in buckets) {\n    for (double _num in bucket) {\n      nums[i++] = _num;\n    }\n  }\n}\n
    bucket_sort.rs
    /* \u6876\u6392\u5e8f */\nfn bucket_sort(nums: &mut [f64]) {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 k = n/2 \u4e2a\u6876\uff0c\u9884\u671f\u5411\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6876\u5206\u914d 2 \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\n    let k = nums.len() / 2;\n    let mut buckets = vec![vec![]; k];\n    // 1. \u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u5206\u914d\u5230\u5404\u4e2a\u6876\u4e2d\n    for &mut num in &mut *nums {\n        // \u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u8303\u56f4\u4e3a [0, 1)\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 num * k \u6620\u5c04\u5230\u7d22\u5f15\u8303\u56f4 [0, k-1]\n        let i = (num * k as f64) as usize;\n        // \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fdb\u6876 i\n        buckets[i].push(num);\n    }\n    // 2. \u5bf9\u5404\u4e2a\u6876\u6267\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\n    for bucket in &mut buckets {\n        // \u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u7f6e\u6392\u5e8f\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u66ff\u6362\u6210\u5176\u4ed6\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\n        bucket.sort_by(|a, b| a.partial_cmp(b).unwrap());\n    }\n    // 3. \u904d\u5386\u6876\u5408\u5e76\u7ed3\u679c\n    let mut i = 0;\n    for bucket in &mut buckets {\n        for &mut num in bucket {\n            nums[i] = num;\n            i += 1;\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    bucket_sort.c
    /* \u6876\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid bucketSort(float nums[], int size) {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 k = n/2 \u4e2a\u6876\uff0c\u9884\u671f\u5411\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6876\u5206\u914d 2 \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\n    int k = size / 2;\n    float **buckets = calloc(k, sizeof(float *));\n    for (int i = 0; i < k; i++) {\n        // \u6bcf\u4e2a\u6876\u6700\u591a\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u914d k \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\n        buckets[i] = calloc(ARRAY_SIZE, sizeof(float));\n    }\n\n    // 1. \u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u5206\u914d\u5230\u5404\u4e2a\u6876\u4e2d\n    for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {\n        // \u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u8303\u56f4\u4e3a [0, 1)\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 num * k \u6620\u5c04\u5230\u7d22\u5f15\u8303\u56f4 [0, k-1]\n        int bucket_idx = nums[i] * k;\n        int j = 0;\n        // \u5982\u679c\u6876\u4e2d\u6709\u6570\u636e\u4e14\u6570\u636e\u5c0f\u4e8e\u5f53\u524d\u503c nums[i], \u8981\u5c06\u5176\u653e\u5230\u5f53\u524d\u6876\u7684\u540e\u9762\uff0c\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e cpp \u4e2d\u7684 push_back\n        while (buckets[bucket_idx][j] > 0 && buckets[bucket_idx][j] < nums[i]) {\n            j++;\n        }\n        float temp = nums[i];\n        while (j < ARRAY_SIZE && buckets[bucket_idx][j] > 0) {\n            swap(&temp, &buckets[bucket_idx][j]);\n            j++;\n        }\n        buckets[bucket_idx][j] = temp;\n    }\n\n    // 2. \u5bf9\u5404\u4e2a\u6876\u6267\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\n    for (int i = 0; i < k; i++) {\n        qsort(buckets[i], ARRAY_SIZE, sizeof(float), compare_float);\n    }\n\n    // 3. \u904d\u5386\u6876\u5408\u5e76\u7ed3\u679c\n    for (int i = 0, j = 0; j < k; j++) {\n        for (int l = 0; l < ARRAY_SIZE; l++) {\n            if (buckets[j][l] > 0) {\n                nums[i++] = buckets[j][l];\n            }\n        }\n    }\n\n    // \u91ca\u653e\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5206\u914d\u7684\u5185\u5b58\n    for (int i = 0; i < k; i++) {\n        free(buckets[i]);\n    }\n    free(buckets);\n}\n
    bucket_sort.zig
    [class]{}-[func]{bucketSort}\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_sorting/bucket_sort/#1182","title":"11.8.2 \u00a0 \u7b97\u6cd5\u7279\u6027","text":"

    \u6876\u6392\u5e8f\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5904\u7406\u4f53\u91cf\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5305\u542b 100 \u4e07\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u7a7a\u95f4\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u5b58\u65e0\u6cd5\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u52a0\u8f7d\u6240\u6709\u6570\u636e\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6210 1000 \u4e2a\u6876\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5206\u522b\u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6876\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u5c06\u7ed3\u679c\u5408\u5e76\u3002

    • \u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n + k)\\) \uff1a\u5047\u8bbe\u5143\u7d20\u5728\u5404\u4e2a\u6876\u5185\u5e73\u5747\u5206\u5e03\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6876\u5185\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u4e3a \\(\\frac{n}{k}\\) \u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u6392\u5e8f\u5355\u4e2a\u6876\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(\\frac{n}{k} \\log\\frac{n}{k})\\) \u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u5219\u6392\u5e8f\u6240\u6709\u6876\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(n \\log\\frac{n}{k})\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u5f53\u6876\u6570\u91cf \\(k\\) \u6bd4\u8f83\u5927\u65f6\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5219\u8d8b\u5411\u4e8e \\(O(n)\\) \u3002\u5408\u5e76\u7ed3\u679c\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u6876\u548c\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u82b1\u8d39 \\(O(n + k)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u3002
    • \u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u6392\u5e8f\uff1a\u5728\u6700\u5dee\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u6570\u636e\u88ab\u5206\u914d\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6876\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e14\u6392\u5e8f\u8be5\u6876\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(n^2)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u3002
    • \u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n + k)\\)\u3001\u975e\u539f\u5730\u6392\u5e8f\uff1a\u9700\u8981\u501f\u52a9 \\(k\\) \u4e2a\u6876\u548c\u603b\u5171 \\(n\\) \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u989d\u5916\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002
    • \u6876\u6392\u5e8f\u662f\u5426\u7a33\u5b9a\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u6392\u5e8f\u6876\u5185\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u662f\u5426\u7a33\u5b9a\u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_sorting/bucket_sort/#1183","title":"11.8.3 \u00a0 \u5982\u4f55\u5b9e\u73b0\u5e73\u5747\u5206\u914d","text":"

    \u6876\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fbe\u5230 \\(O(n)\\) \uff0c\u5173\u952e\u5728\u4e8e\u5c06\u5143\u7d20\u5747\u5300\u5206\u914d\u5230\u5404\u4e2a\u6876\u4e2d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b9e\u9645\u6570\u636e\u5f80\u5f80\u4e0d\u662f\u5747\u5300\u5206\u5e03\u7684\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u8981\u5c06\u6dd8\u5b9d\u4e0a\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5546\u54c1\u6309\u4ef7\u683c\u8303\u56f4\u5e73\u5747\u5206\u914d\u5230 10 \u4e2a\u6876\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f46\u5546\u54c1\u4ef7\u683c\u5206\u5e03\u4e0d\u5747\uff0c\u4f4e\u4e8e 100 \u5143\u7684\u975e\u5e38\u591a\uff0c\u9ad8\u4e8e 1000 \u5143\u7684\u975e\u5e38\u5c11\u3002\u82e5\u5c06\u4ef7\u683c\u533a\u95f4\u5e73\u5747\u5212\u5206\u4e3a 10 \u4e2a\uff0c\u5404\u4e2a\u6876\u4e2d\u7684\u5546\u54c1\u6570\u91cf\u5dee\u8ddd\u4f1a\u975e\u5e38\u5927\u3002

    \u4e3a\u5b9e\u73b0\u5e73\u5747\u5206\u914d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5148\u8bbe\u5b9a\u4e00\u6761\u5927\u81f4\u7684\u5206\u754c\u7ebf\uff0c\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u7c97\u7565\u5730\u5206\u5230 3 \u4e2a\u6876\u4e2d\u3002\u5206\u914d\u5b8c\u6bd5\u540e\uff0c\u518d\u5c06\u5546\u54c1\u8f83\u591a\u7684\u6876\u7ee7\u7eed\u5212\u5206\u4e3a 3 \u4e2a\u6876\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u6240\u6709\u6876\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u5927\u81f4\u76f8\u7b49\u3002

    \u5982\u56fe 11-14 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u68f5\u9012\u5f52\u6811\uff0c\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u8ba9\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u503c\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u5e73\u5747\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u6bcf\u8f6e\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5212\u5206\u4e3a 3 \u4e2a\u6876\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u5212\u5206\u65b9\u5f0f\u53ef\u6839\u636e\u6570\u636e\u7279\u70b9\u7075\u6d3b\u9009\u62e9\u3002

    \u56fe 11-14 \u00a0 \u9012\u5f52\u5212\u5206\u6876

    \u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u524d\u77e5\u9053\u5546\u54c1\u4ef7\u683c\u7684\u6982\u7387\u5206\u5e03\uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u6570\u636e\u6982\u7387\u5206\u5e03\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6876\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u5206\u754c\u7ebf\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u5206\u5e03\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u9700\u8981\u7279\u610f\u7edf\u8ba1\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u6570\u636e\u7279\u70b9\u91c7\u7528\u67d0\u79cd\u6982\u7387\u6a21\u578b\u8fdb\u884c\u8fd1\u4f3c\u3002

    \u5982\u56fe 11-15 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5047\u8bbe\u5546\u54c1\u4ef7\u683c\u670d\u4ece\u6b63\u6001\u5206\u5e03\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5408\u7406\u5730\u8bbe\u5b9a\u4ef7\u683c\u533a\u95f4\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5c06\u5546\u54c1\u5e73\u5747\u5206\u914d\u5230\u5404\u4e2a\u6876\u4e2d\u3002

    \u56fe 11-15 \u00a0 \u6839\u636e\u6982\u7387\u5206\u5e03\u5212\u5206\u6876

    "},{"location":"chapter_sorting/counting_sort/","title":"11.9 \u00a0 \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f","text":"

    \u300c\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f counting sort\u300d\u901a\u8fc7\u7edf\u8ba1\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u6574\u6570\u6570\u7ec4\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_sorting/counting_sort/#1191","title":"11.9.1 \u00a0 \u7b80\u5355\u5b9e\u73b0","text":"

    \u5148\u6765\u770b\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(n\\) \u7684\u6570\u7ec4 nums \uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u662f\u201c\u975e\u8d1f\u6574\u6570\u201d\uff0c\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u6d41\u7a0b\u5982\u56fe 11-16 \u6240\u793a\u3002

    1. \u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u627e\u51fa\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u6570\u5b57\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a \\(m\\) \uff0c\u7136\u540e\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(m + 1\\) \u7684\u8f85\u52a9\u6570\u7ec4 counter \u3002
    2. \u501f\u52a9 counter \u7edf\u8ba1 nums \u4e2d\u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d counter[num] \u5bf9\u5e94\u6570\u5b57 num \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\u3002\u7edf\u8ba1\u65b9\u6cd5\u5f88\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u904d\u5386 nums\uff08\u8bbe\u5f53\u524d\u6570\u5b57\u4e3a num\uff09\uff0c\u6bcf\u8f6e\u5c06 counter[num] \u589e\u52a0 \\(1\\) \u5373\u53ef\u3002
    3. \u7531\u4e8e counter \u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u7d22\u5f15\u5929\u7136\u6709\u5e8f\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u6240\u6709\u6570\u5b57\u5df2\u7ecf\u6392\u5e8f\u597d\u4e86\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u904d\u5386 counter \uff0c\u6839\u636e\u5404\u6570\u5b57\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\u4ece\u5c0f\u5230\u5927\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u586b\u5165 nums \u5373\u53ef\u3002

    \u56fe 11-16 \u00a0 \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u6d41\u7a0b

    \u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig counting_sort.py
    def counting_sort_naive(nums: list[int]):\n    \"\"\"\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\"\"\"\n    # \u7b80\u5355\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u7528\u4e8e\u6392\u5e8f\u5bf9\u8c61\n    # 1. \u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20 m\n    m = 0\n    for num in nums:\n        m = max(m, num)\n    # 2. \u7edf\u8ba1\u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n    # counter[num] \u4ee3\u8868 num \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n    counter = [0] * (m + 1)\n    for num in nums:\n        counter[num] += 1\n    # 3. \u904d\u5386 counter \uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums\n    i = 0\n    for num in range(m + 1):\n        for _ in range(counter[num]):\n            nums[i] = num\n            i += 1\n
    counting_sort.cpp
    /* \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f */\n// \u7b80\u5355\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u7528\u4e8e\u6392\u5e8f\u5bf9\u8c61\nvoid countingSortNaive(vector<int> &nums) {\n    // 1. \u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20 m\n    int m = 0;\n    for (int num : nums) {\n        m = max(m, num);\n    }\n    // 2. \u7edf\u8ba1\u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n    // counter[num] \u4ee3\u8868 num \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n    vector<int> counter(m + 1, 0);\n    for (int num : nums) {\n        counter[num]++;\n    }\n    // 3. \u904d\u5386 counter \uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums\n    int i = 0;\n    for (int num = 0; num < m + 1; num++) {\n        for (int j = 0; j < counter[num]; j++, i++) {\n            nums[i] = num;\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    counting_sort.java
    /* \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f */\n// \u7b80\u5355\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u7528\u4e8e\u6392\u5e8f\u5bf9\u8c61\nvoid countingSortNaive(int[] nums) {\n    // 1. \u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20 m\n    int m = 0;\n    for (int num : nums) {\n        m = Math.max(m, num);\n    }\n    // 2. \u7edf\u8ba1\u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n    // counter[num] \u4ee3\u8868 num \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n    int[] counter = new int[m + 1];\n    for (int num : nums) {\n        counter[num]++;\n    }\n    // 3. \u904d\u5386 counter \uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums\n    int i = 0;\n    for (int num = 0; num < m + 1; num++) {\n        for (int j = 0; j < counter[num]; j++, i++) {\n            nums[i] = num;\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    counting_sort.cs
    /* \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f */\n// \u7b80\u5355\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u7528\u4e8e\u6392\u5e8f\u5bf9\u8c61\nvoid CountingSortNaive(int[] nums) {\n    // 1. \u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20 m\n    int m = 0;\n    foreach (int num in nums) {\n        m = Math.Max(m, num);\n    }\n    // 2. \u7edf\u8ba1\u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n    // counter[num] \u4ee3\u8868 num \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n    int[] counter = new int[m + 1];\n    foreach (int num in nums) {\n        counter[num]++;\n    }\n    // 3. \u904d\u5386 counter \uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums\n    int i = 0;\n    for (int num = 0; num < m + 1; num++) {\n        for (int j = 0; j < counter[num]; j++, i++) {\n            nums[i] = num;\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    counting_sort.go
    /* \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f */\n// \u7b80\u5355\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u7528\u4e8e\u6392\u5e8f\u5bf9\u8c61\nfunc countingSortNaive(nums []int) {\n    // 1. \u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20 m\n    m := 0\n    for _, num := range nums {\n        if num > m {\n            m = num\n        }\n    }\n    // 2. \u7edf\u8ba1\u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n    // counter[num] \u4ee3\u8868 num \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n    counter := make([]int, m+1)\n    for _, num := range nums {\n        counter[num]++\n    }\n    // 3. \u904d\u5386 counter \uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums\n    for i, num := 0, 0; num < m+1; num++ {\n        for j := 0; j < counter[num]; j++ {\n            nums[i] = num\n            i++\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    counting_sort.swift
    /* \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f */\n// \u7b80\u5355\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u7528\u4e8e\u6392\u5e8f\u5bf9\u8c61\nfunc countingSortNaive(nums: inout [Int]) {\n    // 1. \u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20 m\n    let m = nums.max()!\n    // 2. \u7edf\u8ba1\u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n    // counter[num] \u4ee3\u8868 num \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n    var counter = Array(repeating: 0, count: m + 1)\n    for num in nums {\n        counter[num] += 1\n    }\n    // 3. \u904d\u5386 counter \uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums\n    var i = 0\n    for num in stride(from: 0, to: m + 1, by: 1) {\n        for _ in stride(from: 0, to: counter[num], by: 1) {\n            nums[i] = num\n            i += 1\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    counting_sort.js
    /* \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f */\n// \u7b80\u5355\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u7528\u4e8e\u6392\u5e8f\u5bf9\u8c61\nfunction countingSortNaive(nums) {\n    // 1. \u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20 m\n    let m = 0;\n    for (const num of nums) {\n        m = Math.max(m, num);\n    }\n    // 2. \u7edf\u8ba1\u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n    // counter[num] \u4ee3\u8868 num \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n    const counter = new Array(m + 1).fill(0);\n    for (const num of nums) {\n        counter[num]++;\n    }\n    // 3. \u904d\u5386 counter \uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums\n    let i = 0;\n    for (let num = 0; num < m + 1; num++) {\n        for (let j = 0; j < counter[num]; j++, i++) {\n            nums[i] = num;\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    counting_sort.ts
    /* \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f */\n// \u7b80\u5355\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u7528\u4e8e\u6392\u5e8f\u5bf9\u8c61\nfunction countingSortNaive(nums: number[]): void {\n    // 1. \u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20 m\n    let m = 0;\n    for (const num of nums) {\n        m = Math.max(m, num);\n    }\n    // 2. \u7edf\u8ba1\u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n    // counter[num] \u4ee3\u8868 num \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n    const counter: number[] = new Array<number>(m + 1).fill(0);\n    for (const num of nums) {\n        counter[num]++;\n    }\n    // 3. \u904d\u5386 counter \uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums\n    let i = 0;\n    for (let num = 0; num < m + 1; num++) {\n        for (let j = 0; j < counter[num]; j++, i++) {\n            nums[i] = num;\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    counting_sort.dart
    /* \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f */\n// \u7b80\u5355\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u7528\u4e8e\u6392\u5e8f\u5bf9\u8c61\nvoid countingSortNaive(List<int> nums) {\n  // 1. \u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20 m\n  int m = 0;\n  for (int _num in nums) {\n    m = max(m, _num);\n  }\n  // 2. \u7edf\u8ba1\u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n  // counter[_num] \u4ee3\u8868 _num \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n  List<int> counter = List.filled(m + 1, 0);\n  for (int _num in nums) {\n    counter[_num]++;\n  }\n  // 3. \u904d\u5386 counter \uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums\n  int i = 0;\n  for (int _num = 0; _num < m + 1; _num++) {\n    for (int j = 0; j < counter[_num]; j++, i++) {\n      nums[i] = _num;\n    }\n  }\n}\n
    counting_sort.rs
    /* \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f */\n// \u7b80\u5355\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u7528\u4e8e\u6392\u5e8f\u5bf9\u8c61\nfn counting_sort_naive(nums: &mut [i32]) {\n    // 1. \u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20 m\n    let m = *nums.into_iter().max().unwrap();\n    // 2. \u7edf\u8ba1\u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n    // counter[num] \u4ee3\u8868 num \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n    let mut counter = vec![0; m as usize + 1];\n    for &num in &*nums {\n        counter[num as usize] += 1;\n    }\n    // 3. \u904d\u5386 counter \uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums\n    let mut i = 0;\n    for num in 0..m + 1 {\n        for _ in 0..counter[num as usize] {\n            nums[i] = num;\n            i += 1;\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    counting_sort.c
    /* \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f */\n// \u7b80\u5355\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u7528\u4e8e\u6392\u5e8f\u5bf9\u8c61\nvoid countingSortNaive(int nums[], int size) {\n    // 1. \u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20 m\n    int m = 0;\n    for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {\n        if (nums[i] > m) {\n            m = nums[i];\n        }\n    }\n    // 2. \u7edf\u8ba1\u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n    // counter[num] \u4ee3\u8868 num \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n    int *counter = calloc(m, sizeof(int));\n    for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {\n        counter[nums[i]]++;\n    }\n    // 3. \u904d\u5386 counter \uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums\n    int i = 0;\n    for (int num = 0; num < m + 1; num++) {\n        for (int j = 0; j < counter[num]; j++, i++) {\n            nums[i] = num;\n        }\n    }\n    // 4. \u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\n    free(counter);\n}\n
    counting_sort.zig
    [class]{}-[func]{countingSortNaive}\n

    \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u4e0e\u6876\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u8054\u7cfb

    \u4ece\u6876\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u4e2d\u7684\u8ba1\u6570\u6570\u7ec4 counter \u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7d22\u5f15\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6876\uff0c\u5c06\u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u770b\u4f5c\u5c06\u5404\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5206\u914d\u5230\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6876\u4e2d\u3002\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\uff0c\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u662f\u6876\u6392\u5e8f\u5728\u6574\u578b\u6570\u636e\u4e0b\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u4f8b\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_sorting/counting_sort/#1192","title":"11.9.2 \u00a0 \u5b8c\u6574\u5b9e\u73b0","text":"

    \u7ec6\u5fc3\u7684\u8bfb\u8005\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u662f\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6b65\u9aa4 3. \u5c31\u5931\u6548\u4e86\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u662f\u5546\u54c1\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u6309\u7167\u5546\u54c1\u4ef7\u683c\uff08\u7c7b\u7684\u6210\u5458\u53d8\u91cf\uff09\u5bf9\u5546\u54c1\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u800c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7b97\u6cd5\u53ea\u80fd\u7ed9\u51fa\u4ef7\u683c\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u7ed3\u679c\u3002

    \u90a3\u4e48\u5982\u4f55\u624d\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u539f\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u7ed3\u679c\u5462\uff1f\u6211\u4eec\u9996\u5148\u8ba1\u7b97 counter \u7684\u201c\u524d\u7f00\u548c\u201d\u3002\u987e\u540d\u601d\u4e49\uff0c\u7d22\u5f15 i \u5904\u7684\u524d\u7f00\u548c prefix[i] \u7b49\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u524d i \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u4e4b\u548c\uff1a

    \\[ \\text{prefix}[i] = \\sum_{j=0}^i \\text{counter[j]} \\]

    \u524d\u7f00\u548c\u5177\u6709\u660e\u786e\u7684\u610f\u4e49\uff0cprefix[num] - 1 \u4ee3\u8868\u5143\u7d20 num \u5728\u7ed3\u679c\u6570\u7ec4 res \u4e2d\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b21\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4fe1\u606f\u975e\u5e38\u5173\u952e\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\u5404\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5e94\u8be5\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u7ed3\u679c\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u54ea\u4e2a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums \u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20 num \uff0c\u5728\u6bcf\u8f6e\u8fed\u4ee3\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e24\u6b65\u3002

    1. \u5c06 num \u586b\u5165\u6570\u7ec4 res \u7684\u7d22\u5f15 prefix[num] - 1 \u5904\u3002
    2. \u4ee4\u524d\u7f00\u548c prefix[num] \u51cf\u5c0f \\(1\\) \uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f97\u5230\u4e0b\u6b21\u653e\u7f6e num \u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u3002

    \u904d\u5386\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u6570\u7ec4 res \u4e2d\u5c31\u662f\u6392\u5e8f\u597d\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u4f7f\u7528 res \u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums \u5373\u53ef\u3002\u56fe 11-17 \u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u6d41\u7a0b\u3002

    <1><2><3><4><5><6><7><8>

    \u56fe 11-17 \u00a0 \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u6b65\u9aa4

    \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig counting_sort.py
    def counting_sort(nums: list[int]):\n    \"\"\"\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\"\"\"\n    # \u5b8c\u6574\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u53ef\u6392\u5e8f\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u662f\u7a33\u5b9a\u6392\u5e8f\n    # 1. \u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20 m\n    m = max(nums)\n    # 2. \u7edf\u8ba1\u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n    # counter[num] \u4ee3\u8868 num \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n    counter = [0] * (m + 1)\n    for num in nums:\n        counter[num] += 1\n    # 3. \u6c42 counter \u7684\u524d\u7f00\u548c\uff0c\u5c06\u201c\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\u201d\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u201c\u5c3e\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\n    # \u5373 counter[num]-1 \u662f num \u5728 res \u4e2d\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b21\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n    for i in range(m):\n        counter[i + 1] += counter[i]\n    # 4. \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 nums \uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165\u7ed3\u679c\u6570\u7ec4 res\n    # \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4 res \u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u7ed3\u679c\n    n = len(nums)\n    res = [0] * n\n    for i in range(n - 1, -1, -1):\n        num = nums[i]\n        res[counter[num] - 1] = num  # \u5c06 num \u653e\u7f6e\u5230\u5bf9\u5e94\u7d22\u5f15\u5904\n        counter[num] -= 1  # \u4ee4\u524d\u7f00\u548c\u81ea\u51cf 1 \uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u4e0b\u6b21\u653e\u7f6e num \u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n    # \u4f7f\u7528\u7ed3\u679c\u6570\u7ec4 res \u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums\n    for i in range(n):\n        nums[i] = res[i]\n
    counting_sort.cpp
    /* \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f */\n// \u5b8c\u6574\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u53ef\u6392\u5e8f\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u662f\u7a33\u5b9a\u6392\u5e8f\nvoid countingSort(vector<int> &nums) {\n    // 1. \u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20 m\n    int m = 0;\n    for (int num : nums) {\n        m = max(m, num);\n    }\n    // 2. \u7edf\u8ba1\u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n    // counter[num] \u4ee3\u8868 num \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n    vector<int> counter(m + 1, 0);\n    for (int num : nums) {\n        counter[num]++;\n    }\n    // 3. \u6c42 counter \u7684\u524d\u7f00\u548c\uff0c\u5c06\u201c\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\u201d\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u201c\u5c3e\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\n    // \u5373 counter[num]-1 \u662f num \u5728 res \u4e2d\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b21\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n    for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) {\n        counter[i + 1] += counter[i];\n    }\n    // 4. \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 nums \uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165\u7ed3\u679c\u6570\u7ec4 res\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4 res \u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u7ed3\u679c\n    int n = nums.size();\n    vector<int> res(n);\n    for (int i = n - 1; i >= 0; i--) {\n        int num = nums[i];\n        res[counter[num] - 1] = num; // \u5c06 num \u653e\u7f6e\u5230\u5bf9\u5e94\u7d22\u5f15\u5904\n        counter[num]--;              // \u4ee4\u524d\u7f00\u548c\u81ea\u51cf 1 \uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u4e0b\u6b21\u653e\u7f6e num \u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n    }\n    // \u4f7f\u7528\u7ed3\u679c\u6570\u7ec4 res \u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums\n    nums = res;\n}\n
    counting_sort.java
    /* \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f */\n// \u5b8c\u6574\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u53ef\u6392\u5e8f\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u662f\u7a33\u5b9a\u6392\u5e8f\nvoid countingSort(int[] nums) {\n    // 1. \u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20 m\n    int m = 0;\n    for (int num : nums) {\n        m = Math.max(m, num);\n    }\n    // 2. \u7edf\u8ba1\u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n    // counter[num] \u4ee3\u8868 num \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n    int[] counter = new int[m + 1];\n    for (int num : nums) {\n        counter[num]++;\n    }\n    // 3. \u6c42 counter \u7684\u524d\u7f00\u548c\uff0c\u5c06\u201c\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\u201d\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u201c\u5c3e\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\n    // \u5373 counter[num]-1 \u662f num \u5728 res \u4e2d\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b21\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n    for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) {\n        counter[i + 1] += counter[i];\n    }\n    // 4. \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 nums \uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165\u7ed3\u679c\u6570\u7ec4 res\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4 res \u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u7ed3\u679c\n    int n = nums.length;\n    int[] res = new int[n];\n    for (int i = n - 1; i >= 0; i--) {\n        int num = nums[i];\n        res[counter[num] - 1] = num; // \u5c06 num \u653e\u7f6e\u5230\u5bf9\u5e94\u7d22\u5f15\u5904\n        counter[num]--; // \u4ee4\u524d\u7f00\u548c\u81ea\u51cf 1 \uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u4e0b\u6b21\u653e\u7f6e num \u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n    }\n    // \u4f7f\u7528\u7ed3\u679c\u6570\u7ec4 res \u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        nums[i] = res[i];\n    }\n}\n
    counting_sort.cs
    /* \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f */\n// \u5b8c\u6574\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u53ef\u6392\u5e8f\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u662f\u7a33\u5b9a\u6392\u5e8f\nvoid CountingSort(int[] nums) {\n    // 1. \u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20 m\n    int m = 0;\n    foreach (int num in nums) {\n        m = Math.Max(m, num);\n    }\n    // 2. \u7edf\u8ba1\u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n    // counter[num] \u4ee3\u8868 num \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n    int[] counter = new int[m + 1];\n    foreach (int num in nums) {\n        counter[num]++;\n    }\n    // 3. \u6c42 counter \u7684\u524d\u7f00\u548c\uff0c\u5c06\u201c\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\u201d\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u201c\u5c3e\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\n    // \u5373 counter[num]-1 \u662f num \u5728 res \u4e2d\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b21\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n    for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) {\n        counter[i + 1] += counter[i];\n    }\n    // 4. \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 nums \uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165\u7ed3\u679c\u6570\u7ec4 res\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4 res \u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u7ed3\u679c\n    int n = nums.Length;\n    int[] res = new int[n];\n    for (int i = n - 1; i >= 0; i--) {\n        int num = nums[i];\n        res[counter[num] - 1] = num; // \u5c06 num \u653e\u7f6e\u5230\u5bf9\u5e94\u7d22\u5f15\u5904\n        counter[num]--; // \u4ee4\u524d\u7f00\u548c\u81ea\u51cf 1 \uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u4e0b\u6b21\u653e\u7f6e num \u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n    }\n    // \u4f7f\u7528\u7ed3\u679c\u6570\u7ec4 res \u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        nums[i] = res[i];\n    }\n}\n
    counting_sort.go
    /* \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f */\n// \u5b8c\u6574\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u53ef\u6392\u5e8f\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u662f\u7a33\u5b9a\u6392\u5e8f\nfunc countingSort(nums []int) {\n    // 1. \u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20 m\n    m := 0\n    for _, num := range nums {\n        if num > m {\n            m = num\n        }\n    }\n    // 2. \u7edf\u8ba1\u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n    // counter[num] \u4ee3\u8868 num \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n    counter := make([]int, m+1)\n    for _, num := range nums {\n        counter[num]++\n    }\n    // 3. \u6c42 counter \u7684\u524d\u7f00\u548c\uff0c\u5c06\u201c\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\u201d\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u201c\u5c3e\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\n    // \u5373 counter[num]-1 \u662f num \u5728 res \u4e2d\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b21\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n    for i := 0; i < m; i++ {\n        counter[i+1] += counter[i]\n    }\n    // 4. \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 nums \uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165\u7ed3\u679c\u6570\u7ec4 res\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4 res \u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u7ed3\u679c\n    n := len(nums)\n    res := make([]int, n)\n    for i := n - 1; i >= 0; i-- {\n        num := nums[i]\n        // \u5c06 num \u653e\u7f6e\u5230\u5bf9\u5e94\u7d22\u5f15\u5904\n        res[counter[num]-1] = num\n        // \u4ee4\u524d\u7f00\u548c\u81ea\u51cf 1 \uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u4e0b\u6b21\u653e\u7f6e num \u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n        counter[num]--\n    }\n    // \u4f7f\u7528\u7ed3\u679c\u6570\u7ec4 res \u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums\n    copy(nums, res)\n}\n
    counting_sort.swift
    /* \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f */\n// \u5b8c\u6574\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u53ef\u6392\u5e8f\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u662f\u7a33\u5b9a\u6392\u5e8f\nfunc countingSort(nums: inout [Int]) {\n    // 1. \u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20 m\n    let m = nums.max()!\n    // 2. \u7edf\u8ba1\u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n    // counter[num] \u4ee3\u8868 num \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n    var counter = Array(repeating: 0, count: m + 1)\n    for num in nums {\n        counter[num] += 1\n    }\n    // 3. \u6c42 counter \u7684\u524d\u7f00\u548c\uff0c\u5c06\u201c\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\u201d\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u201c\u5c3e\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\n    // \u5373 counter[num]-1 \u662f num \u5728 res \u4e2d\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b21\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n    for i in stride(from: 0, to: m, by: 1) {\n        counter[i + 1] += counter[i]\n    }\n    // 4. \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 nums \uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165\u7ed3\u679c\u6570\u7ec4 res\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4 res \u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u7ed3\u679c\n    var res = Array(repeating: 0, count: nums.count)\n    for i in stride(from: nums.count - 1, through: 0, by: -1) {\n        let num = nums[i]\n        res[counter[num] - 1] = num // \u5c06 num \u653e\u7f6e\u5230\u5bf9\u5e94\u7d22\u5f15\u5904\n        counter[num] -= 1 // \u4ee4\u524d\u7f00\u548c\u81ea\u51cf 1 \uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u4e0b\u6b21\u653e\u7f6e num \u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n    }\n    // \u4f7f\u7528\u7ed3\u679c\u6570\u7ec4 res \u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums\n    for i in stride(from: 0, to: nums.count, by: 1) {\n        nums[i] = res[i]\n    }\n}\n
    counting_sort.js
    /* \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f */\n// \u5b8c\u6574\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u53ef\u6392\u5e8f\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u662f\u7a33\u5b9a\u6392\u5e8f\nfunction countingSort(nums) {\n    // 1. \u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20 m\n    let m = 0;\n    for (const num of nums) {\n        m = Math.max(m, num);\n    }\n    // 2. \u7edf\u8ba1\u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n    // counter[num] \u4ee3\u8868 num \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n    const counter = new Array(m + 1).fill(0);\n    for (const num of nums) {\n        counter[num]++;\n    }\n    // 3. \u6c42 counter \u7684\u524d\u7f00\u548c\uff0c\u5c06\u201c\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\u201d\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u201c\u5c3e\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\n    // \u5373 counter[num]-1 \u662f num \u5728 res \u4e2d\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b21\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n    for (let i = 0; i < m; i++) {\n        counter[i + 1] += counter[i];\n    }\n    // 4. \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 nums \uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165\u7ed3\u679c\u6570\u7ec4 res\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4 res \u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u7ed3\u679c\n    const n = nums.length;\n    const res = new Array(n);\n    for (let i = n - 1; i >= 0; i--) {\n        const num = nums[i];\n        res[counter[num] - 1] = num; // \u5c06 num \u653e\u7f6e\u5230\u5bf9\u5e94\u7d22\u5f15\u5904\n        counter[num]--; // \u4ee4\u524d\u7f00\u548c\u81ea\u51cf 1 \uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u4e0b\u6b21\u653e\u7f6e num \u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n    }\n    // \u4f7f\u7528\u7ed3\u679c\u6570\u7ec4 res \u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums\n    for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        nums[i] = res[i];\n    }\n}\n
    counting_sort.ts
    /* \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f */\n// \u5b8c\u6574\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u53ef\u6392\u5e8f\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u662f\u7a33\u5b9a\u6392\u5e8f\nfunction countingSort(nums: number[]): void {\n    // 1. \u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20 m\n    let m = 0;\n    for (const num of nums) {\n        m = Math.max(m, num);\n    }\n    // 2. \u7edf\u8ba1\u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n    // counter[num] \u4ee3\u8868 num \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n    const counter: number[] = new Array<number>(m + 1).fill(0);\n    for (const num of nums) {\n        counter[num]++;\n    }\n    // 3. \u6c42 counter \u7684\u524d\u7f00\u548c\uff0c\u5c06\u201c\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\u201d\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u201c\u5c3e\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\n    // \u5373 counter[num]-1 \u662f num \u5728 res \u4e2d\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b21\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n    for (let i = 0; i < m; i++) {\n        counter[i + 1] += counter[i];\n    }\n    // 4. \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 nums \uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165\u7ed3\u679c\u6570\u7ec4 res\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4 res \u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u7ed3\u679c\n    const n = nums.length;\n    const res: number[] = new Array<number>(n);\n    for (let i = n - 1; i >= 0; i--) {\n        const num = nums[i];\n        res[counter[num] - 1] = num; // \u5c06 num \u653e\u7f6e\u5230\u5bf9\u5e94\u7d22\u5f15\u5904\n        counter[num]--; // \u4ee4\u524d\u7f00\u548c\u81ea\u51cf 1 \uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u4e0b\u6b21\u653e\u7f6e num \u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n    }\n    // \u4f7f\u7528\u7ed3\u679c\u6570\u7ec4 res \u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums\n    for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        nums[i] = res[i];\n    }\n}\n
    counting_sort.dart
    /* \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f */\n// \u5b8c\u6574\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u53ef\u6392\u5e8f\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u662f\u7a33\u5b9a\u6392\u5e8f\nvoid countingSort(List<int> nums) {\n  // 1. \u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20 m\n  int m = 0;\n  for (int _num in nums) {\n    m = max(m, _num);\n  }\n  // 2. \u7edf\u8ba1\u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n  // counter[_num] \u4ee3\u8868 _num \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n  List<int> counter = List.filled(m + 1, 0);\n  for (int _num in nums) {\n    counter[_num]++;\n  }\n  // 3. \u6c42 counter \u7684\u524d\u7f00\u548c\uff0c\u5c06\u201c\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\u201d\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u201c\u5c3e\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\n  // \u5373 counter[_num]-1 \u662f _num \u5728 res \u4e2d\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b21\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n  for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) {\n    counter[i + 1] += counter[i];\n  }\n  // 4. \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 nums \uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165\u7ed3\u679c\u6570\u7ec4 res\n  // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4 res \u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u7ed3\u679c\n  int n = nums.length;\n  List<int> res = List.filled(n, 0);\n  for (int i = n - 1; i >= 0; i--) {\n    int _num = nums[i];\n    res[counter[_num] - 1] = _num; // \u5c06 _num \u653e\u7f6e\u5230\u5bf9\u5e94\u7d22\u5f15\u5904\n    counter[_num]--; // \u4ee4\u524d\u7f00\u548c\u81ea\u51cf 1 \uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u4e0b\u6b21\u653e\u7f6e _num \u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n  }\n  // \u4f7f\u7528\u7ed3\u679c\u6570\u7ec4 res \u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums\n  nums.setAll(0, res);\n}\n
    counting_sort.rs
    /* \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f */\n// \u5b8c\u6574\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u53ef\u6392\u5e8f\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u662f\u7a33\u5b9a\u6392\u5e8f\nfn counting_sort(nums: &mut [i32]) {\n    // 1. \u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20 m\n    let m = *nums.into_iter().max().unwrap();\n    // 2. \u7edf\u8ba1\u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n    // counter[num] \u4ee3\u8868 num \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n    let mut counter = vec![0; m as usize + 1];\n    for &num in &*nums {\n        counter[num as usize] += 1;\n    }\n    // 3. \u6c42 counter \u7684\u524d\u7f00\u548c\uff0c\u5c06\u201c\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\u201d\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u201c\u5c3e\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\n    // \u5373 counter[num]-1 \u662f num \u5728 res \u4e2d\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b21\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n    for i in 0..m as usize {\n        counter[i + 1] += counter[i];\n    }\n    // 4. \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 nums \uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165\u7ed3\u679c\u6570\u7ec4 res\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4 res \u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u7ed3\u679c\n    let n = nums.len();\n    let mut res = vec![0; n];\n    for i in (0..n).rev() {\n        let num = nums[i];\n        res[counter[num as usize] - 1] = num; // \u5c06 num \u653e\u7f6e\u5230\u5bf9\u5e94\u7d22\u5f15\u5904\n        counter[num as usize] -= 1; // \u4ee4\u524d\u7f00\u548c\u81ea\u51cf 1 \uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u4e0b\u6b21\u653e\u7f6e num \u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n    }\n    // \u4f7f\u7528\u7ed3\u679c\u6570\u7ec4 res \u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums\n    for i in 0..n {\n        nums[i] = res[i];\n    }\n}\n
    counting_sort.c
    /* \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f */\n// \u5b8c\u6574\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u53ef\u6392\u5e8f\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u662f\u7a33\u5b9a\u6392\u5e8f\nvoid countingSort(int nums[], int size) {\n    // 1. \u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20 m\n    int m = 0;\n    for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {\n        if (nums[i] > m) {\n            m = nums[i];\n        }\n    }\n    // 2. \u7edf\u8ba1\u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n    // counter[num] \u4ee3\u8868 num \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n    int *counter = calloc(m, sizeof(int));\n    for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {\n        counter[nums[i]]++;\n    }\n    // 3. \u6c42 counter \u7684\u524d\u7f00\u548c\uff0c\u5c06\u201c\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\u201d\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u201c\u5c3e\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\n    // \u5373 counter[num]-1 \u662f num \u5728 res \u4e2d\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b21\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n    for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) {\n        counter[i + 1] += counter[i];\n    }\n    // 4. \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 nums \uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165\u7ed3\u679c\u6570\u7ec4 res\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4 res \u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u7ed3\u679c\n    int *res = malloc(sizeof(int) * size);\n    for (int i = size - 1; i >= 0; i--) {\n        int num = nums[i];\n        res[counter[num] - 1] = num; // \u5c06 num \u653e\u7f6e\u5230\u5bf9\u5e94\u7d22\u5f15\u5904\n        counter[num]--;              // \u4ee4\u524d\u7f00\u548c\u81ea\u51cf 1 \uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u4e0b\u6b21\u653e\u7f6e num \u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n    }\n    // \u4f7f\u7528\u7ed3\u679c\u6570\u7ec4 res \u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums\n    memcpy(nums, res, size * sizeof(int));\n    // 5. \u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\n    free(counter);\n}\n
    counting_sort.zig
    [class]{}-[func]{countingSort}\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_sorting/counting_sort/#1193","title":"11.9.3 \u00a0 \u7b97\u6cd5\u7279\u6027","text":"
    • \u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n + m)\\) \uff1a\u6d89\u53ca\u904d\u5386 nums \u548c\u904d\u5386 counter \uff0c\u90fd\u4f7f\u7528\u7ebf\u6027\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b \\(n \\gg m\\) \uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u8d8b\u4e8e \\(O(n)\\) \u3002
    • \u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n + m)\\)\u3001\u975e\u539f\u5730\u6392\u5e8f\uff1a\u501f\u52a9\u4e86\u957f\u5ea6\u5206\u522b\u4e3a \\(n\\) \u548c \\(m\\) \u7684\u6570\u7ec4 res \u548c counter \u3002
    • \u7a33\u5b9a\u6392\u5e8f\uff1a\u7531\u4e8e\u5411 res \u4e2d\u586b\u5145\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u662f\u201c\u4ece\u53f3\u5411\u5de6\u201d\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 nums \u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u6539\u53d8\u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5b9e\u73b0\u7a33\u5b9a\u6392\u5e8f\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u6b63\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 nums \u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u4f46\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u975e\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_sorting/counting_sort/#1194","title":"11.9.4 \u00a0 \u5c40\u9650\u6027","text":"

    \u770b\u5230\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u4f60\u4e5f\u8bb8\u4f1a\u89c9\u5f97\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u975e\u5e38\u5de7\u5999\uff0c\u4ec5\u901a\u8fc7\u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u91cf\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u524d\u7f6e\u6761\u4ef6\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u4e3a\u4e25\u683c\u3002

    \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u53ea\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u975e\u8d1f\u6574\u6570\u3002\u82e5\u60f3\u5c06\u5176\u7528\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u786e\u4fdd\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u975e\u8d1f\u6574\u6570\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u8f6c\u6362\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4e0d\u80fd\u6539\u53d8\u5404\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u5927\u5c0f\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5305\u542b\u8d1f\u6570\u7684\u6574\u6570\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5148\u7ed9\u6240\u6709\u6570\u5b57\u52a0\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e38\u6570\uff0c\u5c06\u5168\u90e8\u6570\u5b57\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u6b63\u6570\uff0c\u6392\u5e8f\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\u518d\u8f6c\u6362\u56de\u53bb\u3002

    \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u5927\u4f46\u6570\u636e\u8303\u56f4\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d \\(m\\) \u4e0d\u80fd\u592a\u5927\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4f1a\u5360\u7528\u8fc7\u591a\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u800c\u5f53 \\(n \\ll m\\) \u65f6\uff0c\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(m)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u6bd4 \\(O(n \\log n)\\) \u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u8fd8\u8981\u6162\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_sorting/heap_sort/","title":"11.7 \u00a0 \u5806\u6392\u5e8f","text":"

    Tip

    \u9605\u8bfb\u672c\u8282\u524d\uff0c\u8bf7\u786e\u4fdd\u5df2\u5b66\u5b8c\u201c\u5806\u201c\u7ae0\u8282\u3002

    \u300c\u5806\u6392\u5e8f heap sort\u300d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u57fa\u4e8e\u5806\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u9ad8\u6548\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b66\u8fc7\u7684\u201c\u5efa\u5806\u64cd\u4f5c\u201d\u548c\u201c\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806\u64cd\u4f5c\u201d\u5b9e\u73b0\u5806\u6392\u5e8f\u3002

    1. \u8f93\u5165\u6570\u7ec4\u5e76\u5efa\u7acb\u5c0f\u9876\u5806\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\u4f4d\u4e8e\u5806\u9876\u3002
    2. \u4e0d\u65ad\u6267\u884c\u51fa\u5806\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f9d\u6b21\u8bb0\u5f55\u51fa\u5806\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5373\u53ef\u5f97\u5230\u4ece\u5c0f\u5230\u5927\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\u3002

    \u4ee5\u4e0a\u65b9\u6cd5\u867d\u7136\u53ef\u884c\uff0c\u4f46\u9700\u8981\u501f\u52a9\u4e00\u4e2a\u989d\u5916\u6570\u7ec4\u6765\u4fdd\u5b58\u5f39\u51fa\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f83\u6d6a\u8d39\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u79cd\u66f4\u52a0\u4f18\u96c5\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_sorting/heap_sort/#1171","title":"11.7.1 \u00a0 \u7b97\u6cd5\u6d41\u7a0b","text":"

    \u8bbe\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(n\\) \uff0c\u5806\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u6d41\u7a0b\u5982\u56fe 11-12 \u6240\u793a\u3002

    1. \u8f93\u5165\u6570\u7ec4\u5e76\u5efa\u7acb\u5927\u9876\u5806\u3002\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4f4d\u4e8e\u5806\u9876\u3002
    2. \u5c06\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\uff08\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\uff09\u4e0e\u5806\u5e95\u5143\u7d20\uff08\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\uff09\u4ea4\u6362\u3002\u5b8c\u6210\u4ea4\u6362\u540e\uff0c\u5806\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u51cf \\(1\\) \uff0c\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u52a0 \\(1\\) \u3002
    3. \u4ece\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u5230\u5e95\u6267\u884c\u5806\u5316\u64cd\u4f5c\uff08Sift Down\uff09\u3002\u5b8c\u6210\u5806\u5316\u540e\uff0c\u5806\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u5f97\u5230\u4fee\u590d\u3002
    4. \u5faa\u73af\u6267\u884c\u7b2c 2. \u6b65\u548c\u7b2c 3. \u6b65\u3002\u5faa\u73af \\(n - 1\\) \u8f6e\u540e\uff0c\u5373\u53ef\u5b8c\u6210\u6570\u7ec4\u6392\u5e8f\u3002

    Tip

    \u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e2d\u4e5f\u5305\u542b\u7b2c 2. \u6b65\u548c\u7b2c 3. \u6b65\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u591a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f39\u51fa\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002

    <1><2><3><4><5><6><7><8><9><10><11><12>

    \u56fe 11-12 \u00a0 \u5806\u6392\u5e8f\u6b65\u9aa4

    \u5728\u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u4e0e\u201c\u5806\u201d\u7ae0\u8282\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316 sift_down() \u51fd\u6570\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5806\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4f1a\u968f\u7740\u63d0\u53d6\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u800c\u51cf\u5c0f\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u7ed9 sift_down() \u51fd\u6570\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u5ea6\u53c2\u6570 \\(n\\) \uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6307\u5b9a\u5806\u7684\u5f53\u524d\u6709\u6548\u957f\u5ea6\u3002\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig heap_sort.py
    def sift_down(nums: list[int], n: int, i: int):\n    \"\"\"\u5806\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \uff0c\u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316\"\"\"\n    while True:\n        # \u5224\u65ad\u8282\u70b9 i, l, r \u4e2d\u503c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a ma\n        l = 2 * i + 1\n        r = 2 * i + 2\n        ma = i\n        if l < n and nums[l] > nums[ma]:\n            ma = l\n        if r < n and nums[r] > nums[ma]:\n            ma = r\n        # \u82e5\u8282\u70b9 i \u6700\u5927\u6216\u7d22\u5f15 l, r \u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u65e0\u987b\u7ee7\u7eed\u5806\u5316\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\n        if ma == i:\n            break\n        # \u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\n        nums[i], nums[ma] = nums[ma], nums[i]\n        # \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0b\u5806\u5316\n        i = ma\n\ndef heap_sort(nums: list[int]):\n    \"\"\"\u5806\u6392\u5e8f\"\"\"\n    # \u5efa\u5806\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a\u5806\u5316\u9664\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\n    for i in range(len(nums) // 2 - 1, -1, -1):\n        sift_down(nums, len(nums), i)\n    # \u4ece\u5806\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5faa\u73af n-1 \u8f6e\n    for i in range(len(nums) - 1, 0, -1):\n        # \u4ea4\u6362\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e0e\u6700\u53f3\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u4ea4\u6362\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\uff09\n        nums[0], nums[i] = nums[i], nums[0]\n        # \u4ee5\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e3a\u8d77\u70b9\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u8fdb\u884c\u5806\u5316\n        sift_down(nums, i, 0)\n
    heap_sort.cpp
    /* \u5806\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \uff0c\u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316 */\nvoid siftDown(vector<int> &nums, int n, int i) {\n    while (true) {\n        // \u5224\u65ad\u8282\u70b9 i, l, r \u4e2d\u503c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a ma\n        int l = 2 * i + 1;\n        int r = 2 * i + 2;\n        int ma = i;\n        if (l < n && nums[l] > nums[ma])\n            ma = l;\n        if (r < n && nums[r] > nums[ma])\n            ma = r;\n        // \u82e5\u8282\u70b9 i \u6700\u5927\u6216\u7d22\u5f15 l, r \u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u65e0\u987b\u7ee7\u7eed\u5806\u5316\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\n        if (ma == i) {\n            break;\n        }\n        // \u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\n        swap(nums[i], nums[ma]);\n        // \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0b\u5806\u5316\n        i = ma;\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u5806\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid heapSort(vector<int> &nums) {\n    // \u5efa\u5806\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a\u5806\u5316\u9664\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\n    for (int i = nums.size() / 2 - 1; i >= 0; --i) {\n        siftDown(nums, nums.size(), i);\n    }\n    // \u4ece\u5806\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5faa\u73af n-1 \u8f6e\n    for (int i = nums.size() - 1; i > 0; --i) {\n        // \u4ea4\u6362\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e0e\u6700\u53f3\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u4ea4\u6362\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\uff09\n        swap(nums[0], nums[i]);\n        // \u4ee5\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e3a\u8d77\u70b9\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u8fdb\u884c\u5806\u5316\n        siftDown(nums, i, 0);\n    }\n}\n
    heap_sort.java
    /* \u5806\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \uff0c\u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316 */\nvoid siftDown(int[] nums, int n, int i) {\n    while (true) {\n        // \u5224\u65ad\u8282\u70b9 i, l, r \u4e2d\u503c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a ma\n        int l = 2 * i + 1;\n        int r = 2 * i + 2;\n        int ma = i;\n        if (l < n && nums[l] > nums[ma])\n            ma = l;\n        if (r < n && nums[r] > nums[ma])\n            ma = r;\n        // \u82e5\u8282\u70b9 i \u6700\u5927\u6216\u7d22\u5f15 l, r \u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u65e0\u987b\u7ee7\u7eed\u5806\u5316\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\n        if (ma == i)\n            break;\n        // \u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\n        int temp = nums[i];\n        nums[i] = nums[ma];\n        nums[ma] = temp;\n        // \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0b\u5806\u5316\n        i = ma;\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u5806\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid heapSort(int[] nums) {\n    // \u5efa\u5806\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a\u5806\u5316\u9664\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\n    for (int i = nums.length / 2 - 1; i >= 0; i--) {\n        siftDown(nums, nums.length, i);\n    }\n    // \u4ece\u5806\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5faa\u73af n-1 \u8f6e\n    for (int i = nums.length - 1; i > 0; i--) {\n        // \u4ea4\u6362\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e0e\u6700\u53f3\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u4ea4\u6362\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\uff09\n        int tmp = nums[0];\n        nums[0] = nums[i];\n        nums[i] = tmp;\n        // \u4ee5\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e3a\u8d77\u70b9\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u8fdb\u884c\u5806\u5316\n        siftDown(nums, i, 0);\n    }\n}\n
    heap_sort.cs
    /* \u5806\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \uff0c\u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316 */\nvoid SiftDown(int[] nums, int n, int i) {\n    while (true) {\n        // \u5224\u65ad\u8282\u70b9 i, l, r \u4e2d\u503c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a ma\n        int l = 2 * i + 1;\n        int r = 2 * i + 2;\n        int ma = i;\n        if (l < n && nums[l] > nums[ma])\n            ma = l;\n        if (r < n && nums[r] > nums[ma])\n            ma = r;\n        // \u82e5\u8282\u70b9 i \u6700\u5927\u6216\u7d22\u5f15 l, r \u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u65e0\u987b\u7ee7\u7eed\u5806\u5316\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\n        if (ma == i)\n            break;\n        // \u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\n        (nums[ma], nums[i]) = (nums[i], nums[ma]);\n        // \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0b\u5806\u5316\n        i = ma;\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u5806\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid HeapSort(int[] nums) {\n    // \u5efa\u5806\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a\u5806\u5316\u9664\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\n    for (int i = nums.Length / 2 - 1; i >= 0; i--) {\n        SiftDown(nums, nums.Length, i);\n    }\n    // \u4ece\u5806\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5faa\u73af n-1 \u8f6e\n    for (int i = nums.Length - 1; i > 0; i--) {\n        // \u4ea4\u6362\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e0e\u6700\u53f3\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u4ea4\u6362\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\uff09\n        (nums[i], nums[0]) = (nums[0], nums[i]);\n        // \u4ee5\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e3a\u8d77\u70b9\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u8fdb\u884c\u5806\u5316\n        SiftDown(nums, i, 0);\n    }\n}\n
    heap_sort.go
    /* \u5806\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \uff0c\u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316 */\nfunc siftDown(nums *[]int, n, i int) {\n    for true {\n        // \u5224\u65ad\u8282\u70b9 i, l, r \u4e2d\u503c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a ma\n        l := 2*i + 1\n        r := 2*i + 2\n        ma := i\n        if l < n && (*nums)[l] > (*nums)[ma] {\n            ma = l\n        }\n        if r < n && (*nums)[r] > (*nums)[ma] {\n            ma = r\n        }\n        // \u82e5\u8282\u70b9 i \u6700\u5927\u6216\u7d22\u5f15 l, r \u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u65e0\u987b\u7ee7\u7eed\u5806\u5316\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\n        if ma == i {\n            break\n        }\n        // \u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\n        (*nums)[i], (*nums)[ma] = (*nums)[ma], (*nums)[i]\n        // \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0b\u5806\u5316\n        i = ma\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u5806\u6392\u5e8f */\nfunc heapSort(nums *[]int) {\n    // \u5efa\u5806\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a\u5806\u5316\u9664\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\n    for i := len(*nums)/2 - 1; i >= 0; i-- {\n        siftDown(nums, len(*nums), i)\n    }\n    // \u4ece\u5806\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5faa\u73af n-1 \u8f6e\n    for i := len(*nums) - 1; i > 0; i-- {\n        // \u4ea4\u6362\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e0e\u6700\u53f3\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u4ea4\u6362\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\uff09\n        (*nums)[0], (*nums)[i] = (*nums)[i], (*nums)[0]\n        // \u4ee5\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e3a\u8d77\u70b9\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u8fdb\u884c\u5806\u5316\n        siftDown(nums, i, 0)\n    }\n}\n
    heap_sort.swift
    /* \u5806\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \uff0c\u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316 */\nfunc siftDown(nums: inout [Int], n: Int, i: Int) {\n    var i = i\n    while true {\n        // \u5224\u65ad\u8282\u70b9 i, l, r \u4e2d\u503c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a ma\n        let l = 2 * i + 1\n        let r = 2 * i + 2\n        var ma = i\n        if l < n, nums[l] > nums[ma] {\n            ma = l\n        }\n        if r < n, nums[r] > nums[ma] {\n            ma = r\n        }\n        // \u82e5\u8282\u70b9 i \u6700\u5927\u6216\u7d22\u5f15 l, r \u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u65e0\u987b\u7ee7\u7eed\u5806\u5316\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\n        if ma == i {\n            break\n        }\n        // \u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\n        nums.swapAt(i, ma)\n        // \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0b\u5806\u5316\n        i = ma\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u5806\u6392\u5e8f */\nfunc heapSort(nums: inout [Int]) {\n    // \u5efa\u5806\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a\u5806\u5316\u9664\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\n    for i in stride(from: nums.count / 2 - 1, through: 0, by: -1) {\n        siftDown(nums: &nums, n: nums.count, i: i)\n    }\n    // \u4ece\u5806\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5faa\u73af n-1 \u8f6e\n    for i in stride(from: nums.count - 1, to: 0, by: -1) {\n        // \u4ea4\u6362\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e0e\u6700\u53f3\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u4ea4\u6362\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\uff09\n        nums.swapAt(0, i)\n        // \u4ee5\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e3a\u8d77\u70b9\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u8fdb\u884c\u5806\u5316\n        siftDown(nums: &nums, n: i, i: 0)\n    }\n}\n
    heap_sort.js
    /* \u5806\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \uff0c\u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316 */\nfunction siftDown(nums, n, i) {\n    while (true) {\n        // \u5224\u65ad\u8282\u70b9 i, l, r \u4e2d\u503c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a ma\n        let l = 2 * i + 1;\n        let r = 2 * i + 2;\n        let ma = i;\n        if (l < n && nums[l] > nums[ma]) {\n            ma = l;\n        }\n        if (r < n && nums[r] > nums[ma]) {\n            ma = r;\n        }\n        // \u82e5\u8282\u70b9 i \u6700\u5927\u6216\u7d22\u5f15 l, r \u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u65e0\u987b\u7ee7\u7eed\u5806\u5316\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\n        if (ma === i) {\n            break;\n        }\n        // \u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\n        [nums[i], nums[ma]] = [nums[ma], nums[i]];\n        // \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0b\u5806\u5316\n        i = ma;\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u5806\u6392\u5e8f */\nfunction heapSort(nums) {\n    // \u5efa\u5806\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a\u5806\u5316\u9664\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\n    for (let i = Math.floor(nums.length / 2) - 1; i >= 0; i--) {\n        siftDown(nums, nums.length, i);\n    }\n    // \u4ece\u5806\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5faa\u73af n-1 \u8f6e\n    for (let i = nums.length - 1; i > 0; i--) {\n        // \u4ea4\u6362\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e0e\u6700\u53f3\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u4ea4\u6362\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\uff09\n        [nums[0], nums[i]] = [nums[i], nums[0]];\n        // \u4ee5\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e3a\u8d77\u70b9\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u8fdb\u884c\u5806\u5316\n        siftDown(nums, i, 0);\n    }\n}\n
    heap_sort.ts
    /* \u5806\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \uff0c\u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316 */\nfunction siftDown(nums: number[], n: number, i: number): void {\n    while (true) {\n        // \u5224\u65ad\u8282\u70b9 i, l, r \u4e2d\u503c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a ma\n        let l = 2 * i + 1;\n        let r = 2 * i + 2;\n        let ma = i;\n        if (l < n && nums[l] > nums[ma]) {\n            ma = l;\n        }\n        if (r < n && nums[r] > nums[ma]) {\n            ma = r;\n        }\n        // \u82e5\u8282\u70b9 i \u6700\u5927\u6216\u7d22\u5f15 l, r \u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u65e0\u987b\u7ee7\u7eed\u5806\u5316\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\n        if (ma === i) {\n            break;\n        }\n        // \u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\n        [nums[i], nums[ma]] = [nums[ma], nums[i]];\n        // \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0b\u5806\u5316\n        i = ma;\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u5806\u6392\u5e8f */\nfunction heapSort(nums: number[]): void {\n    // \u5efa\u5806\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a\u5806\u5316\u9664\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\n    for (let i = Math.floor(nums.length / 2) - 1; i >= 0; i--) {\n        siftDown(nums, nums.length, i);\n    }\n    // \u4ece\u5806\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5faa\u73af n-1 \u8f6e\n    for (let i = nums.length - 1; i > 0; i--) {\n        // \u4ea4\u6362\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e0e\u6700\u53f3\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u4ea4\u6362\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\uff09\n        [nums[0], nums[i]] = [nums[i], nums[0]];\n        // \u4ee5\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e3a\u8d77\u70b9\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u8fdb\u884c\u5806\u5316\n        siftDown(nums, i, 0);\n    }\n}\n
    heap_sort.dart
    /* \u5806\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \uff0c\u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316 */\nvoid siftDown(List<int> nums, int n, int i) {\n  while (true) {\n    // \u5224\u65ad\u8282\u70b9 i, l, r \u4e2d\u503c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a ma\n    int l = 2 * i + 1;\n    int r = 2 * i + 2;\n    int ma = i;\n    if (l < n && nums[l] > nums[ma]) ma = l;\n    if (r < n && nums[r] > nums[ma]) ma = r;\n    // \u82e5\u8282\u70b9 i \u6700\u5927\u6216\u7d22\u5f15 l, r \u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u65e0\u987b\u7ee7\u7eed\u5806\u5316\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\n    if (ma == i) break;\n    // \u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\n    int temp = nums[i];\n    nums[i] = nums[ma];\n    nums[ma] = temp;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0b\u5806\u5316\n    i = ma;\n  }\n}\n\n/* \u5806\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid heapSort(List<int> nums) {\n  // \u5efa\u5806\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a\u5806\u5316\u9664\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\n  for (int i = nums.length ~/ 2 - 1; i >= 0; i--) {\n    siftDown(nums, nums.length, i);\n  }\n  // \u4ece\u5806\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5faa\u73af n-1 \u8f6e\n  for (int i = nums.length - 1; i > 0; i--) {\n    // \u4ea4\u6362\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e0e\u6700\u53f3\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u4ea4\u6362\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\uff09\n    int tmp = nums[0];\n    nums[0] = nums[i];\n    nums[i] = tmp;\n    // \u4ee5\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e3a\u8d77\u70b9\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u8fdb\u884c\u5806\u5316\n    siftDown(nums, i, 0);\n  }\n}\n
    heap_sort.rs
    /* \u5806\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \uff0c\u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316 */\nfn sift_down(nums: &mut [i32], n: usize, mut i: usize) {\n    loop {\n        // \u5224\u65ad\u8282\u70b9 i, l, r \u4e2d\u503c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a ma\n        let l = 2 * i + 1;\n        let r = 2 * i + 2;\n        let mut ma = i;\n        if l < n && nums[l] > nums[ma] {\n            ma = l;\n        }\n        if r < n && nums[r] > nums[ma] {\n            ma = r;\n        }\n        // \u82e5\u8282\u70b9 i \u6700\u5927\u6216\u7d22\u5f15 l, r \u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u65e0\u987b\u7ee7\u7eed\u5806\u5316\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\n        if ma == i {\n            break;\n        }\n        // \u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\n        let temp = nums[i];\n        nums[i] = nums[ma];\n        nums[ma] = temp;\n        // \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0b\u5806\u5316\n        i = ma;\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u5806\u6392\u5e8f */\nfn heap_sort(nums: &mut [i32]) {\n    // \u5efa\u5806\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a\u5806\u5316\u9664\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\n    for i in (0..=nums.len() / 2 - 1).rev() {\n        sift_down(nums, nums.len(), i);\n    }\n    // \u4ece\u5806\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5faa\u73af n-1 \u8f6e\n    for i in (1..=nums.len() - 1).rev() {\n        // \u4ea4\u6362\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e0e\u6700\u53f3\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u4ea4\u6362\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\uff09\n        let tmp = nums[0];\n        nums[0] = nums[i];\n        nums[i] = tmp;\n        // \u4ee5\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e3a\u8d77\u70b9\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u8fdb\u884c\u5806\u5316\n        sift_down(nums, i, 0);\n    }\n}\n
    heap_sort.c
    /* \u5806\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \uff0c\u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316 */\nvoid siftDown(int nums[], int n, int i) {\n    while (1) {\n        // \u5224\u65ad\u8282\u70b9 i, l, r \u4e2d\u503c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a ma\n        int l = 2 * i + 1;\n        int r = 2 * i + 2;\n        int ma = i;\n        if (l < n && nums[l] > nums[ma])\n            ma = l;\n        if (r < n && nums[r] > nums[ma])\n            ma = r;\n        // \u82e5\u8282\u70b9 i \u6700\u5927\u6216\u7d22\u5f15 l, r \u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u65e0\u987b\u7ee7\u7eed\u5806\u5316\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\n        if (ma == i) {\n            break;\n        }\n        // \u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\n        int temp = nums[i];\n        nums[i] = nums[ma];\n        nums[ma] = temp;\n        // \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0b\u5806\u5316\n        i = ma;\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u5806\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid heapSort(int nums[], int n) {\n    // \u5efa\u5806\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a\u5806\u5316\u9664\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\n    for (int i = n / 2 - 1; i >= 0; --i) {\n        siftDown(nums, n, i);\n    }\n    // \u4ece\u5806\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5faa\u73af n-1 \u8f6e\n    for (int i = n - 1; i > 0; --i) {\n        // \u4ea4\u6362\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e0e\u6700\u53f3\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u4ea4\u6362\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\uff09\n        int tmp = nums[0];\n        nums[0] = nums[i];\n        nums[i] = tmp;\n        // \u4ee5\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e3a\u8d77\u70b9\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u8fdb\u884c\u5806\u5316\n        siftDown(nums, i, 0);\n    }\n}\n
    heap_sort.zig
    [class]{}-[func]{siftDown}\n\n[class]{}-[func]{heapSort}\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_sorting/heap_sort/#1172","title":"11.7.2 \u00a0 \u7b97\u6cd5\u7279\u6027","text":"
    • \u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n \\log n)\\)\u3001\u975e\u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u6392\u5e8f\uff1a\u5efa\u5806\u64cd\u4f5c\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(n)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u4ece\u5806\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(\\log n)\\) \uff0c\u5171\u5faa\u73af \\(n - 1\\) \u8f6e\u3002
    • \u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(1)\\)\u3001\u539f\u5730\u6392\u5e8f\uff1a\u51e0\u4e2a\u6307\u9488\u53d8\u91cf\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(1)\\) \u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u548c\u5806\u5316\u64cd\u4f5c\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u3002
    • \u975e\u7a33\u5b9a\u6392\u5e8f\uff1a\u5728\u4ea4\u6362\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\u548c\u5806\u5e95\u5143\u7d20\u65f6\uff0c\u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_sorting/insertion_sort/","title":"11.4 \u00a0 \u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f","text":"

    \u300c\u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f insertion sort\u300d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u4e0e\u624b\u52a8\u6574\u7406\u4e00\u526f\u724c\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u975e\u5e38\u76f8\u4f3c\u3002

    \u5177\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u51c6\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5c06\u8be5\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5176\u5de6\u4fa7\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u9010\u4e00\u6bd4\u8f83\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u8be5\u5143\u7d20\u63d2\u5165\u5230\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002

    \u56fe 11-6 \u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u6570\u7ec4\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u6d41\u7a0b\u3002\u8bbe\u57fa\u51c6\u5143\u7d20\u4e3a base \uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u4ece\u76ee\u6807\u7d22\u5f15\u5230 base \u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u5411\u53f3\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c06 base \u8d4b\u503c\u7ed9\u76ee\u6807\u7d22\u5f15\u3002

    \u56fe 11-6 \u00a0 \u5355\u6b21\u63d2\u5165\u64cd\u4f5c

    "},{"location":"chapter_sorting/insertion_sort/#1141","title":"11.4.1 \u00a0 \u7b97\u6cd5\u6d41\u7a0b","text":"

    \u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u6d41\u7a0b\u5982\u56fe 11-7 \u6240\u793a\u3002

    1. \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\uff0c\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u7b2c 1 \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5df2\u5b8c\u6210\u6392\u5e8f\u3002
    2. \u9009\u53d6\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u7b2c 2 \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u4f5c\u4e3a base \uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u63d2\u5165\u5230\u6b63\u786e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u540e\uff0c\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u524d 2 \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u3002
    3. \u9009\u53d6\u7b2c 3 \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u4f5c\u4e3a base \uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u63d2\u5165\u5230\u6b63\u786e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u540e\uff0c\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u524d 3 \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u3002
    4. \u4ee5\u6b64\u7c7b\u63a8\uff0c\u5728\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u8f6e\u4e2d\uff0c\u9009\u53d6\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u4f5c\u4e3a base \uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u63d2\u5165\u5230\u6b63\u786e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u540e\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u5747\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u3002

    \u56fe 11-7 \u00a0 \u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f\u6d41\u7a0b

    \u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig insertion_sort.py
    def insertion_sort(nums: list[int]):\n    \"\"\"\u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f\"\"\"\n    # \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i-1]\n    for i in range(1, len(nums)):\n        base = nums[i]\n        j = i - 1\n        # \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06 base \u63d2\u5165\u5230\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i-1] \u4e2d\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u4f4d\u7f6e\n        while j >= 0 and nums[j] > base:\n            nums[j + 1] = nums[j]  # \u5c06 nums[j] \u5411\u53f3\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n            j -= 1\n        nums[j + 1] = base  # \u5c06 base \u8d4b\u503c\u5230\u6b63\u786e\u4f4d\u7f6e\n
    insertion_sort.cpp
    /* \u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid insertionSort(vector<int> &nums) {\n    // \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u4e3a 1, 2, ..., n\n    for (int i = 1; i < nums.size(); i++) {\n        int base = nums[i], j = i - 1;\n        // \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06 base \u63d2\u5165\u5230\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u4f4d\u7f6e\n        while (j >= 0 && nums[j] > base) {\n            nums[j + 1] = nums[j]; // \u5c06 nums[j] \u5411\u53f3\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n            j--;\n        }\n        nums[j + 1] = base; // \u5c06 base \u8d4b\u503c\u5230\u6b63\u786e\u4f4d\u7f6e\n    }\n}\n
    insertion_sort.java
    /* \u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid insertionSort(int[] nums) {\n    // \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u4e3a 1, 2, ..., n\n    for (int i = 1; i < nums.length; i++) {\n        int base = nums[i], j = i - 1;\n        // \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06 base \u63d2\u5165\u5230\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u4f4d\u7f6e\n        while (j >= 0 && nums[j] > base) {\n            nums[j + 1] = nums[j]; // \u5c06 nums[j] \u5411\u53f3\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n            j--;\n        }\n        nums[j + 1] = base;        // \u5c06 base \u8d4b\u503c\u5230\u6b63\u786e\u4f4d\u7f6e\n    }\n}\n
    insertion_sort.cs
    /* \u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid InsertionSort(int[] nums) {\n    // \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u4e3a 1, 2, ..., n\n    for (int i = 1; i < nums.Length; i++) {\n        int bas = nums[i], j = i - 1;\n        // \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06 base \u63d2\u5165\u5230\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u4f4d\u7f6e\n        while (j >= 0 && nums[j] > bas) {\n            nums[j + 1] = nums[j]; // \u5c06 nums[j] \u5411\u53f3\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n            j--;\n        }\n        nums[j + 1] = bas;         // \u5c06 base \u8d4b\u503c\u5230\u6b63\u786e\u4f4d\u7f6e\n    }\n}\n
    insertion_sort.go
    /* \u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f */\nfunc insertionSort(nums []int) {\n    // \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\n    for i := 1; i < len(nums); i++ {\n        base := nums[i]\n        j := i - 1\n        // \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06 base \u63d2\u5165\u5230\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u4f4d\u7f6e\n        for j >= 0 && nums[j] > base {\n            nums[j+1] = nums[j] // \u5c06 nums[j] \u5411\u53f3\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n            j--\n        }\n        nums[j+1] = base // \u5c06 base \u8d4b\u503c\u5230\u6b63\u786e\u4f4d\u7f6e\n    }\n}\n
    insertion_sort.swift
    /* \u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f */\nfunc insertionSort(nums: inout [Int]) {\n    // \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u4e3a 1, 2, ..., n\n    for i in stride(from: 1, to: nums.count, by: 1) {\n        let base = nums[i]\n        var j = i - 1\n        // \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06 base \u63d2\u5165\u5230\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u4f4d\u7f6e\n        while j >= 0, nums[j] > base {\n            nums[j + 1] = nums[j] // \u5c06 nums[j] \u5411\u53f3\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n            j -= 1\n        }\n        nums[j + 1] = base // \u5c06 base \u8d4b\u503c\u5230\u6b63\u786e\u4f4d\u7f6e\n    }\n}\n
    insertion_sort.js
    /* \u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f */\nfunction insertionSort(nums) {\n    // \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u4e3a 1, 2, ..., n\n    for (let i = 1; i < nums.length; i++) {\n        let base = nums[i],\n            j = i - 1;\n        // \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06 base \u63d2\u5165\u5230\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u4f4d\u7f6e\n        while (j >= 0 && nums[j] > base) {\n            nums[j + 1] = nums[j]; // \u5c06 nums[j] \u5411\u53f3\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n            j--;\n        }\n        nums[j + 1] = base; // \u5c06 base \u8d4b\u503c\u5230\u6b63\u786e\u4f4d\u7f6e\n    }\n}\n
    insertion_sort.ts
    /* \u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f */\nfunction insertionSort(nums: number[]): void {\n    // \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u4e3a 1, 2, ..., n\n    for (let i = 1; i < nums.length; i++) {\n        const base = nums[i];\n        let j = i - 1;\n        // \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06 base \u63d2\u5165\u5230\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u4f4d\u7f6e\n        while (j >= 0 && nums[j] > base) {\n            nums[j + 1] = nums[j]; // \u5c06 nums[j] \u5411\u53f3\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n            j--;\n        }\n        nums[j + 1] = base; // \u5c06 base \u8d4b\u503c\u5230\u6b63\u786e\u4f4d\u7f6e\n    }\n}\n
    insertion_sort.dart
    /* \u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid insertionSort(List<int> nums) {\n  // \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u4e3a 1, 2, ..., n\n  for (int i = 1; i < nums.length; i++) {\n    int base = nums[i], j = i - 1;\n    // \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06 base \u63d2\u5165\u5230\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u4f4d\u7f6e\n    while (j >= 0 && nums[j] > base) {\n      nums[j + 1] = nums[j]; // \u5c06 nums[j] \u5411\u53f3\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n      j--;\n    }\n    nums[j + 1] = base; // \u5c06 base \u8d4b\u503c\u5230\u6b63\u786e\u4f4d\u7f6e\n  }\n}\n
    insertion_sort.rs
    /* \u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f */\nfn insertion_sort(nums: &mut [i32]) {\n    // \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u4e3a 1, 2, ..., n\n    for i in 1..nums.len() {\n        let (base, mut j) = (nums[i],  (i - 1) as i32);\n        // \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06 base \u63d2\u5165\u5230\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u4f4d\u7f6e\n        while j >= 0 && nums[j as usize] > base {\n            nums[(j + 1) as usize] = nums[j as usize]; // \u5c06 nums[j] \u5411\u53f3\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n            j -= 1;\n        }\n        nums[(j + 1) as usize] = base;  // \u5c06 base \u8d4b\u503c\u5230\u6b63\u786e\u4f4d\u7f6e\n    }\n}\n
    insertion_sort.c
    /* \u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid insertionSort(int nums[], int size) {\n    // \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u4e3a 1, 2, ..., n\n    for (int i = 1; i < size; i++) {\n        int base = nums[i], j = i - 1;\n        // \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06 base \u63d2\u5165\u5230\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u4f4d\u7f6e\n        while (j >= 0 && nums[j] > base) {\n            // \u5c06 nums[j] \u5411\u53f3\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n            nums[j + 1] = nums[j];\n            j--;\n        }\n        // \u5c06 base \u8d4b\u503c\u5230\u6b63\u786e\u4f4d\u7f6e\n        nums[j + 1] = base;\n    }\n}\n
    insertion_sort.zig
    // \u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f\nfn insertionSort(nums: []i32) void {\n    // \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u4e3a 1, 2, ..., n\n    var i: usize = 1;\n    while (i < nums.len) : (i += 1) {\n        var base = nums[i];\n        var j: usize = i;\n        // \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06 base \u63d2\u5165\u5230\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u4f4d\u7f6e\n        while (j >= 1 and nums[j - 1] > base) : (j -= 1) {\n            nums[j] = nums[j - 1];  // \u5c06 nums[j] \u5411\u53f3\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n        }\n        nums[j] = base;             // \u5c06 base \u8d4b\u503c\u5230\u6b63\u786e\u4f4d\u7f6e\n    }\n}\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_sorting/insertion_sort/#1142","title":"11.4.2 \u00a0 \u7b97\u6cd5\u7279\u6027","text":"
    • \u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n^2)\\)\u3001\u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u6392\u5e8f\uff1a\u5728\u6700\u5dee\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u63d2\u5165\u64cd\u4f5c\u5206\u522b\u9700\u8981\u5faa\u73af \\(n - 1\\)\u3001\\(n-2\\)\u3001\\(\\dots\\)\u3001\\(2\\)\u3001\\(1\\) \u6b21\uff0c\u6c42\u548c\u5f97\u5230 \\((n - 1) n / 2\\) \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n^2)\\) \u3002\u5728\u9047\u5230\u6709\u5e8f\u6570\u636e\u65f6\uff0c\u63d2\u5165\u64cd\u4f5c\u4f1a\u63d0\u524d\u7ec8\u6b62\u3002\u5f53\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u7ec4\u5b8c\u5168\u6709\u5e8f\u65f6\uff0c\u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u4f73\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 \\(O(n)\\) \u3002
    • \u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(1)\\)\u3001\u539f\u5730\u6392\u5e8f\uff1a\u6307\u9488 \\(i\\) \u548c \\(j\\) \u4f7f\u7528\u5e38\u6570\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u989d\u5916\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002
    • \u7a33\u5b9a\u6392\u5e8f\uff1a\u5728\u63d2\u5165\u64cd\u4f5c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u5c06\u5143\u7d20\u63d2\u5165\u5230\u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u53f3\u4fa7\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6539\u53d8\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_sorting/insertion_sort/#1143","title":"11.4.3 \u00a0 \u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u4f18\u52bf","text":"

    \u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n^2)\\) \uff0c\u800c\u6211\u4eec\u5373\u5c06\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n \\log n)\\) \u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u66f4\u9ad8\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f\u901a\u5e38\u66f4\u5feb\u3002

    \u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ed3\u8bba\u4e0e\u7ebf\u6027\u67e5\u627e\u548c\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u7684\u9002\u7528\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u7c7b\u4f3c\u3002\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u8fd9\u7c7b \\(O(n \\log n)\\) \u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u5c5e\u4e8e\u57fa\u4e8e\u5206\u6cbb\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u5305\u542b\u66f4\u591a\u5355\u5143\u8ba1\u7b97\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u800c\u5728\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u8f83\u5c0f\u65f6\uff0c\\(n^2\\) \u548c \\(n \\log n\\) \u7684\u6570\u503c\u6bd4\u8f83\u63a5\u8fd1\uff0c\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e0d\u5360\u4e3b\u5bfc\u5730\u4f4d\uff1b\u6bcf\u8f6e\u4e2d\u7684\u5355\u5143\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u91cf\u8d77\u5230\u51b3\u5b9a\u6027\u4f5c\u7528\u3002

    \u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\uff08\u4f8b\u5982 Java\uff09\u7684\u5185\u7f6e\u6392\u5e8f\u51fd\u6570\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u5927\u81f4\u601d\u8def\u4e3a\uff1a\u5bf9\u4e8e\u957f\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u57fa\u4e8e\u5206\u6cbb\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\uff1b\u5bf9\u4e8e\u77ed\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f\u3002

    \u867d\u7136\u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\u3001\u9009\u62e9\u6392\u5e8f\u548c\u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u90fd\u4e3a \\(O(n^2)\\) \uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u60c5\u51b5\u4e2d\uff0c\u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u9891\u7387\u663e\u8457\u9ad8\u4e8e\u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\u548c\u9009\u62e9\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u539f\u56e0\u3002

    • \u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\u57fa\u4e8e\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u501f\u52a9\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e34\u65f6\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u5171\u6d89\u53ca 3 \u4e2a\u5355\u5143\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1b\u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f\u57fa\u4e8e\u5143\u7d20\u8d4b\u503c\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u4ec5\u9700 1 \u4e2a\u5355\u5143\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u5f00\u9500\u901a\u5e38\u6bd4\u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f\u66f4\u9ad8\u3002
    • \u9009\u62e9\u6392\u5e8f\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u90fd\u4e3a \\(O(n^2)\\) \u3002\u5982\u679c\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u7ec4\u90e8\u5206\u6709\u5e8f\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f\u901a\u5e38\u6bd4\u9009\u62e9\u6392\u5e8f\u6548\u7387\u66f4\u9ad8\u3002
    • \u9009\u62e9\u6392\u5e8f\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u591a\u7ea7\u6392\u5e8f\u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_sorting/merge_sort/","title":"11.6 \u00a0 \u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f","text":"

    \u300c\u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f merge sort\u300d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u57fa\u4e8e\u5206\u6cbb\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u56fe 11-10 \u6240\u793a\u7684\u201c\u5212\u5206\u201d\u548c\u201c\u5408\u5e76\u201d\u9636\u6bb5\u3002

    1. \u5212\u5206\u9636\u6bb5\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u9012\u5f52\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u4ece\u4e2d\u70b9\u5904\u5206\u5f00\uff0c\u5c06\u957f\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u95ee\u9898\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u77ed\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u95ee\u9898\u3002
    2. \u5408\u5e76\u9636\u6bb5\uff1a\u5f53\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\u5212\u5206\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u5408\u5e76\uff0c\u6301\u7eed\u5730\u5c06\u5de6\u53f3\u4e24\u4e2a\u8f83\u77ed\u7684\u6709\u5e8f\u6570\u7ec4\u5408\u5e76\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f83\u957f\u7684\u6709\u5e8f\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u7ed3\u675f\u3002

    \u56fe 11-10 \u00a0 \u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u5212\u5206\u4e0e\u5408\u5e76\u9636\u6bb5

    "},{"location":"chapter_sorting/merge_sort/#1161","title":"11.6.1 \u00a0 \u7b97\u6cd5\u6d41\u7a0b","text":"

    \u5982\u56fe 11-11 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u201c\u5212\u5206\u9636\u6bb5\u201d\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u9012\u5f52\u5730\u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u4ece\u4e2d\u70b9\u5207\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u3002

    1. \u8ba1\u7b97\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u70b9 mid \uff0c\u9012\u5f52\u5212\u5206\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\uff08\u533a\u95f4 [left, mid] \uff09\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\uff08\u533a\u95f4 [mid + 1, right] \uff09\u3002
    2. \u9012\u5f52\u6267\u884c\u6b65\u9aa4 1. \uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u533a\u95f4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\u3002

    \u201c\u5408\u5e76\u9636\u6bb5\u201d\u4ece\u5e95\u81f3\u9876\u5730\u5c06\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5408\u5e76\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u5e8f\u6570\u7ec4\u3002\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4ece\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u7684\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5f00\u59cb\u5408\u5e76\uff0c\u5408\u5e76\u9636\u6bb5\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u90fd\u662f\u6709\u5e8f\u7684\u3002

    <1><2><3><4><5><6><7><8><9><10>

    \u56fe 11-11 \u00a0 \u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f\u6b65\u9aa4

    \u89c2\u5bdf\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f\u4e0e\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u7684\u9012\u5f52\u987a\u5e8f\u662f\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u3002

    • \u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a\u5148\u9012\u5f52\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\uff0c\u518d\u9012\u5f52\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u5904\u7406\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u3002
    • \u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f\uff1a\u5148\u9012\u5f52\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u518d\u9012\u5f52\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u5904\u7406\u5408\u5e76\u3002

    \u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u5982\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u6240\u793a\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0cnums \u7684\u5f85\u5408\u5e76\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [left, right] \uff0c\u800c tmp \u7684\u5bf9\u5e94\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, right - left] \u3002

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig merge_sort.py
    def merge(nums: list[int], left: int, mid: int, right: int):\n    \"\"\"\u5408\u5e76\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\"\"\"\n    # \u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [left, mid], \u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [mid+1, right]\n    # \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e34\u65f6\u6570\u7ec4 tmp \uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u653e\u5408\u5e76\u540e\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\n    tmp = [0] * (right - left + 1)\n    # \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u7d22\u5f15\n    i, j, k = left, mid + 1, 0\n    # \u5f53\u5de6\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u90fd\u8fd8\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u65f6\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\u5e76\u5c06\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u590d\u5236\u5230\u4e34\u65f6\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\n    while i <= mid and j <= right:\n        if nums[i] <= nums[j]:\n            tmp[k] = nums[i]\n            i += 1\n        else:\n            tmp[k] = nums[j]\n            j += 1\n        k += 1\n    # \u5c06\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5269\u4f59\u5143\u7d20\u590d\u5236\u5230\u4e34\u65f6\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\n    while i <= mid:\n        tmp[k] = nums[i]\n        i += 1\n        k += 1\n    while j <= right:\n        tmp[k] = nums[j]\n        j += 1\n        k += 1\n    # \u5c06\u4e34\u65f6\u6570\u7ec4 tmp \u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u590d\u5236\u56de\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums \u7684\u5bf9\u5e94\u533a\u95f4\n    for k in range(0, len(tmp)):\n        nums[left + k] = tmp[k]\n\ndef merge_sort(nums: list[int], left: int, right: int):\n    \"\"\"\u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f\"\"\"\n    # \u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6\n    if left >= right:\n        return  # \u5f53\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\u9012\u5f52\n    # \u5212\u5206\u9636\u6bb5\n    mid = (left + right) // 2  # \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\n    merge_sort(nums, left, mid)  # \u9012\u5f52\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n    merge_sort(nums, mid + 1, right)  # \u9012\u5f52\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n    # \u5408\u5e76\u9636\u6bb5\n    merge(nums, left, mid, right)\n
    merge_sort.cpp
    /* \u5408\u5e76\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4 */\nvoid merge(vector<int> &nums, int left, int mid, int right) {\n    // \u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [left, mid], \u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [mid+1, right]\n    // \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e34\u65f6\u6570\u7ec4 tmp \uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u653e\u5408\u5e76\u540e\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\n    vector<int> tmp(right - left + 1);\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u7d22\u5f15\n    int i = left, j = mid + 1, k = 0;\n    // \u5f53\u5de6\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u90fd\u8fd8\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u65f6\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\u5e76\u5c06\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u590d\u5236\u5230\u4e34\u65f6\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\n    while (i <= mid && j <= right) {\n        if (nums[i] <= nums[j])\n            tmp[k++] = nums[i++];\n        else\n            tmp[k++] = nums[j++];\n    }\n    // \u5c06\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5269\u4f59\u5143\u7d20\u590d\u5236\u5230\u4e34\u65f6\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\n    while (i <= mid) {\n        tmp[k++] = nums[i++];\n    }\n    while (j <= right) {\n        tmp[k++] = nums[j++];\n    }\n    // \u5c06\u4e34\u65f6\u6570\u7ec4 tmp \u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u590d\u5236\u56de\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums \u7684\u5bf9\u5e94\u533a\u95f4\n    for (k = 0; k < tmp.size(); k++) {\n        nums[left + k] = tmp[k];\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid mergeSort(vector<int> &nums, int left, int right) {\n    // \u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6\n    if (left >= right)\n        return; // \u5f53\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\u9012\u5f52\n    // \u5212\u5206\u9636\u6bb5\n    int mid = (left + right) / 2;    // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\n    mergeSort(nums, left, mid);      // \u9012\u5f52\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n    mergeSort(nums, mid + 1, right); // \u9012\u5f52\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n    // \u5408\u5e76\u9636\u6bb5\n    merge(nums, left, mid, right);\n}\n
    merge_sort.java
    /* \u5408\u5e76\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4 */\nvoid merge(int[] nums, int left, int mid, int right) {\n    // \u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [left, mid], \u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [mid+1, right]\n    // \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e34\u65f6\u6570\u7ec4 tmp \uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u653e\u5408\u5e76\u540e\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\n    int[] tmp = new int[right - left + 1];\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u7d22\u5f15\n    int i = left, j = mid + 1, k = 0;\n    // \u5f53\u5de6\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u90fd\u8fd8\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u65f6\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\u5e76\u5c06\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u590d\u5236\u5230\u4e34\u65f6\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\n    while (i <= mid && j <= right) {\n        if (nums[i] <= nums[j])\n            tmp[k++] = nums[i++];\n        else\n            tmp[k++] = nums[j++];\n    }\n    // \u5c06\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5269\u4f59\u5143\u7d20\u590d\u5236\u5230\u4e34\u65f6\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\n    while (i <= mid) {\n        tmp[k++] = nums[i++];\n    }\n    while (j <= right) {\n        tmp[k++] = nums[j++];\n    }\n    // \u5c06\u4e34\u65f6\u6570\u7ec4 tmp \u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u590d\u5236\u56de\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums \u7684\u5bf9\u5e94\u533a\u95f4\n    for (k = 0; k < tmp.length; k++) {\n        nums[left + k] = tmp[k];\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid mergeSort(int[] nums, int left, int right) {\n    // \u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6\n    if (left >= right)\n        return; // \u5f53\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\u9012\u5f52\n    // \u5212\u5206\u9636\u6bb5\n    int mid = (left + right) / 2; // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\n    mergeSort(nums, left, mid); // \u9012\u5f52\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n    mergeSort(nums, mid + 1, right); // \u9012\u5f52\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n    // \u5408\u5e76\u9636\u6bb5\n    merge(nums, left, mid, right);\n}\n
    merge_sort.cs
    /* \u5408\u5e76\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4 */\nvoid Merge(int[] nums, int left, int mid, int right) {\n    // \u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [left, mid], \u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [mid+1, right]\n    // \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e34\u65f6\u6570\u7ec4 tmp \uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u653e\u5408\u5e76\u540e\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\n    int[] tmp = new int[right - left + 1];\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u7d22\u5f15\n    int i = left, j = mid + 1, k = 0;\n    // \u5f53\u5de6\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u90fd\u8fd8\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u65f6\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\u5e76\u5c06\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u590d\u5236\u5230\u4e34\u65f6\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\n    while (i <= mid && j <= right) {\n        if (nums[i] <= nums[j])\n            tmp[k++] = nums[i++];\n        else\n            tmp[k++] = nums[j++];\n    }\n    // \u5c06\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5269\u4f59\u5143\u7d20\u590d\u5236\u5230\u4e34\u65f6\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\n    while (i <= mid) {\n        tmp[k++] = nums[i++];\n    }\n    while (j <= right) {\n        tmp[k++] = nums[j++];\n    }\n    // \u5c06\u4e34\u65f6\u6570\u7ec4 tmp \u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u590d\u5236\u56de\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums \u7684\u5bf9\u5e94\u533a\u95f4\n    for (k = 0; k < tmp.Length; ++k) {\n        nums[left + k] = tmp[k];\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid MergeSort(int[] nums, int left, int right) {\n    // \u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6\n    if (left >= right) return;       // \u5f53\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\u9012\u5f52\n    // \u5212\u5206\u9636\u6bb5\n    int mid = (left + right) / 2;    // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\n    MergeSort(nums, left, mid);      // \u9012\u5f52\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n    MergeSort(nums, mid + 1, right); // \u9012\u5f52\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n    // \u5408\u5e76\u9636\u6bb5\n    Merge(nums, left, mid, right);\n}\n
    merge_sort.go
    /* \u5408\u5e76\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4 */\nfunc merge(nums []int, left, mid, right int) {\n    // \u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [left, mid], \u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [mid+1, right]\n    // \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e34\u65f6\u6570\u7ec4 tmp \uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u653e\u5408\u5e76\u540e\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\n    tmp := make([]int, right-left+1)\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u7d22\u5f15\n    i, j, k := left, mid+1, 0\n    // \u5f53\u5de6\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u90fd\u8fd8\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u65f6\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\u5e76\u5c06\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u590d\u5236\u5230\u4e34\u65f6\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\n    for i <= mid && j <= right {\n        if nums[i] <= nums[j] {\n            tmp[k] = nums[i]\n            i++\n        } else {\n            tmp[k] = nums[j]\n            j++\n        }\n        k++\n    }\n    // \u5c06\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5269\u4f59\u5143\u7d20\u590d\u5236\u5230\u4e34\u65f6\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\n    for i <= mid {\n        tmp[k] = nums[i]\n        i++\n        k++\n    }\n    for j <= right {\n        tmp[k] = nums[j]\n        j++\n        k++\n    }\n    // \u5c06\u4e34\u65f6\u6570\u7ec4 tmp \u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u590d\u5236\u56de\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums \u7684\u5bf9\u5e94\u533a\u95f4\n    for k := 0; k < len(tmp); k++ {\n        nums[left+k] = tmp[k]\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f */\nfunc mergeSort(nums []int, left, right int) {\n    // \u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6\n    if left >= right {\n        return\n    }\n    // \u5212\u5206\u9636\u6bb5\n    mid := (left + right) / 2\n    mergeSort(nums, left, mid)\n    mergeSort(nums, mid+1, right)\n    // \u5408\u5e76\u9636\u6bb5\n    merge(nums, left, mid, right)\n}\n
    merge_sort.swift
    /* \u5408\u5e76\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4 */\nfunc merge(nums: inout [Int], left: Int, mid: Int, right: Int) {\n    // \u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [left, mid], \u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [mid+1, right]\n    // \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e34\u65f6\u6570\u7ec4 tmp \uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u653e\u5408\u5e76\u540e\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\n    var tmp = Array(repeating: 0, count: right - left + 1)\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u7d22\u5f15\n    var i = left, j = mid + 1, k = 0\n    // \u5f53\u5de6\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u90fd\u8fd8\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u65f6\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\u5e76\u5c06\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u590d\u5236\u5230\u4e34\u65f6\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\n    while i <= mid, j <= right {\n        if nums[i] <= nums[j] {\n            tmp[k] = nums[i]\n            i += 1\n            k += 1\n        } else {\n            tmp[k] = nums[j]\n            j += 1\n            k += 1\n        }\n    }\n    // \u5c06\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5269\u4f59\u5143\u7d20\u590d\u5236\u5230\u4e34\u65f6\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\n    while i <= mid {\n        tmp[k] = nums[i]\n        i += 1\n        k += 1\n    }\n    while j <= right {\n        tmp[k] = nums[j]\n        j += 1\n        k += 1\n    }\n    // \u5c06\u4e34\u65f6\u6570\u7ec4 tmp \u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u590d\u5236\u56de\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums \u7684\u5bf9\u5e94\u533a\u95f4\n    for k in tmp.indices {\n        nums[left + k] = tmp[k]\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f */\nfunc mergeSort(nums: inout [Int], left: Int, right: Int) {\n    // \u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6\n    if left >= right { // \u5f53\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\u9012\u5f52\n        return\n    }\n    // \u5212\u5206\u9636\u6bb5\n    let mid = (left + right) / 2 // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\n    mergeSort(nums: &nums, left: left, right: mid) // \u9012\u5f52\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n    mergeSort(nums: &nums, left: mid + 1, right: right) // \u9012\u5f52\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n    // \u5408\u5e76\u9636\u6bb5\n    merge(nums: &nums, left: left, mid: mid, right: right)\n}\n
    merge_sort.js
    /* \u5408\u5e76\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4 */\nfunction merge(nums, left, mid, right) {\n    // \u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [left, mid], \u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [mid+1, right]\n    // \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e34\u65f6\u6570\u7ec4 tmp \uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u653e\u5408\u5e76\u540e\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\n    const tmp = new Array(right - left + 1);\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u7d22\u5f15\n    let i = left,\n        j = mid + 1,\n        k = 0;\n    // \u5f53\u5de6\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u90fd\u8fd8\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u65f6\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\u5e76\u5c06\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u590d\u5236\u5230\u4e34\u65f6\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\n    while (i <= mid && j <= right) {\n        if (nums[i] <= nums[j]) {\n            tmp[k++] = nums[i++];\n        } else {\n            tmp[k++] = nums[j++];\n        }\n    }\n    // \u5c06\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5269\u4f59\u5143\u7d20\u590d\u5236\u5230\u4e34\u65f6\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\n    while (i <= mid) {\n        tmp[k++] = nums[i++];\n    }\n    while (j <= right) {\n        tmp[k++] = nums[j++];\n    }\n    // \u5c06\u4e34\u65f6\u6570\u7ec4 tmp \u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u590d\u5236\u56de\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums \u7684\u5bf9\u5e94\u533a\u95f4\n    for (k = 0; k < tmp.length; k++) {\n        nums[left + k] = tmp[k];\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f */\nfunction mergeSort(nums, left, right) {\n    // \u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6\n    if (left >= right) return; // \u5f53\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\u9012\u5f52\n    // \u5212\u5206\u9636\u6bb5\n    let mid = Math.floor((left + right) / 2); // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\n    mergeSort(nums, left, mid); // \u9012\u5f52\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n    mergeSort(nums, mid + 1, right); // \u9012\u5f52\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n    // \u5408\u5e76\u9636\u6bb5\n    merge(nums, left, mid, right);\n}\n
    merge_sort.ts
    /* \u5408\u5e76\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4 */\nfunction merge(nums: number[], left: number, mid: number, right: number): void {\n    // \u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [left, mid], \u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [mid+1, right]\n    // \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e34\u65f6\u6570\u7ec4 tmp \uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u653e\u5408\u5e76\u540e\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\n    const tmp = new Array(right - left + 1);\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u7d22\u5f15\n    let i = left,\n        j = mid + 1,\n        k = 0;\n    // \u5f53\u5de6\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u90fd\u8fd8\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u65f6\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\u5e76\u5c06\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u590d\u5236\u5230\u4e34\u65f6\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\n    while (i <= mid && j <= right) {\n        if (nums[i] <= nums[j]) {\n            tmp[k++] = nums[i++];\n        } else {\n            tmp[k++] = nums[j++];\n        }\n    }\n    // \u5c06\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5269\u4f59\u5143\u7d20\u590d\u5236\u5230\u4e34\u65f6\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\n    while (i <= mid) {\n        tmp[k++] = nums[i++];\n    }\n    while (j <= right) {\n        tmp[k++] = nums[j++];\n    }\n    // \u5c06\u4e34\u65f6\u6570\u7ec4 tmp \u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u590d\u5236\u56de\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums \u7684\u5bf9\u5e94\u533a\u95f4\n    for (k = 0; k < tmp.length; k++) {\n        nums[left + k] = tmp[k];\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f */\nfunction mergeSort(nums: number[], left: number, right: number): void {\n    // \u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6\n    if (left >= right) return; // \u5f53\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\u9012\u5f52\n    // \u5212\u5206\u9636\u6bb5\n    let mid = Math.floor((left + right) / 2); // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\n    mergeSort(nums, left, mid); // \u9012\u5f52\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n    mergeSort(nums, mid + 1, right); // \u9012\u5f52\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n    // \u5408\u5e76\u9636\u6bb5\n    merge(nums, left, mid, right);\n}\n
    merge_sort.dart
    /* \u5408\u5e76\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4 */\nvoid merge(List<int> nums, int left, int mid, int right) {\n  // \u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [left, mid], \u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [mid+1, right]\n  // \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e34\u65f6\u6570\u7ec4 tmp \uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u653e\u5408\u5e76\u540e\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\n  List<int> tmp = List.filled(right - left + 1, 0);\n  // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u7d22\u5f15\n  int i = left, j = mid + 1, k = 0;\n  // \u5f53\u5de6\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u90fd\u8fd8\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u65f6\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\u5e76\u5c06\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u590d\u5236\u5230\u4e34\u65f6\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\n  while (i <= mid && j <= right) {\n    if (nums[i] <= nums[j])\n      tmp[k++] = nums[i++];\n    else\n      tmp[k++] = nums[j++];\n  }\n  // \u5c06\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5269\u4f59\u5143\u7d20\u590d\u5236\u5230\u4e34\u65f6\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\n  while (i <= mid) {\n    tmp[k++] = nums[i++];\n  }\n  while (j <= right) {\n    tmp[k++] = nums[j++];\n  }\n  // \u5c06\u4e34\u65f6\u6570\u7ec4 tmp \u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u590d\u5236\u56de\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums \u7684\u5bf9\u5e94\u533a\u95f4\n  for (k = 0; k < tmp.length; k++) {\n    nums[left + k] = tmp[k];\n  }\n}\n\n/* \u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid mergeSort(List<int> nums, int left, int right) {\n  // \u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6\n  if (left >= right) return; // \u5f53\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\u9012\u5f52\n  // \u5212\u5206\u9636\u6bb5\n  int mid = (left + right) ~/ 2; // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\n  mergeSort(nums, left, mid); // \u9012\u5f52\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n  mergeSort(nums, mid + 1, right); // \u9012\u5f52\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n  // \u5408\u5e76\u9636\u6bb5\n  merge(nums, left, mid, right);\n}\n
    merge_sort.rs
    /* \u5408\u5e76\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4 */\nfn merge(nums: &mut [i32], left: usize, mid: usize, right: usize) {\n    // \u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [left, mid], \u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [mid+1, right]\n    // \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e34\u65f6\u6570\u7ec4 tmp \uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u653e\u5408\u5e76\u540e\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\n    let tmp_size = right - left + 1;\n    let mut tmp = vec![0; tmp_size];\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u7d22\u5f15\n    let (mut i, mut j, mut k) = (left, mid + 1, 0);\n    // \u5f53\u5de6\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u90fd\u8fd8\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u65f6\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\u5e76\u5c06\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u590d\u5236\u5230\u4e34\u65f6\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\n    while i <= mid && j <= right {\n        if nums[i] <= nums[j] {\n            tmp[k] = nums[j];\n            i += 1;\n        } else {\n            tmp[k] = nums[j];\n            j += 1;\n        }\n        k += 1;\n    }\n    // \u5c06\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5269\u4f59\u5143\u7d20\u590d\u5236\u5230\u4e34\u65f6\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\n    while i <= mid {\n        tmp[k] = nums[i];\n        k += 1;\n        i += 1;\n    }\n    while j <= right {\n        tmp[k] = nums[j];\n        k += 1;\n        j += 1;\n    }\n    // \u5c06\u4e34\u65f6\u6570\u7ec4 tmp \u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u590d\u5236\u56de\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums \u7684\u5bf9\u5e94\u533a\u95f4\n    for k in 0..tmp_size {\n        nums[left + k] = tmp[k];\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f */\nfn merge_sort(nums: &mut [i32], left: usize, right: usize) {\n    // \u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6\n    if left >= right { return; }             // \u5f53\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\u9012\u5f52\n    // \u5212\u5206\u9636\u6bb5\n    let mid = (left + right) / 2;     // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\n    merge_sort(nums, left, mid);      // \u9012\u5f52\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n    merge_sort(nums, mid + 1, right);  // \u9012\u5f52\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n    // \u5408\u5e76\u9636\u6bb5\n    merge(nums, left, mid, right);\n}\n
    merge_sort.c
    /* \u5408\u5e76\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4 */\nvoid merge(int *nums, int left, int mid, int right) {\n    // \u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [left, mid], \u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [mid+1, right]\n    // \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e34\u65f6\u6570\u7ec4 tmp \uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u653e\u5408\u5e76\u540e\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\n    int tmpSize = right - left + 1;\n    int *tmp = (int *)malloc(tmpSize * sizeof(int));\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u7d22\u5f15\n    int i = left, j = mid + 1, k = 0;\n    // \u5f53\u5de6\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u90fd\u8fd8\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u65f6\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\u5e76\u5c06\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u590d\u5236\u5230\u4e34\u65f6\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\n    while (i <= mid && j <= right) {\n        if (nums[i] <= nums[j]) {\n            tmp[k++] = nums[i++];\n        } else {\n            tmp[k++] = nums[j++];\n        }\n    }\n    // \u5c06\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5269\u4f59\u5143\u7d20\u590d\u5236\u5230\u4e34\u65f6\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\n    while (i <= mid) {\n        tmp[k++] = nums[i++];\n    }\n    while (j <= right) {\n        tmp[k++] = nums[j++];\n    }\n    // \u5c06\u4e34\u65f6\u6570\u7ec4 tmp \u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u590d\u5236\u56de\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums \u7684\u5bf9\u5e94\u533a\u95f4\n    for (k = 0; k < tmpSize; ++k) {\n        nums[left + k] = tmp[k];\n    }\n    // \u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\n    free(tmp);\n}\n\n/* \u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid mergeSort(int *nums, int left, int right) {\n    // \u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6\n    if (left >= right)\n        return; // \u5f53\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\u9012\u5f52\n    // \u5212\u5206\u9636\u6bb5\n    int mid = (left + right) / 2;    // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\n    mergeSort(nums, left, mid);      // \u9012\u5f52\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n    mergeSort(nums, mid + 1, right); // \u9012\u5f52\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n    // \u5408\u5e76\u9636\u6bb5\n    merge(nums, left, mid, right);\n}\n
    merge_sort.zig
    // \u5408\u5e76\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n// \u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u533a\u95f4 [left, mid]\n// \u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u533a\u95f4 [mid + 1, right]\nfn merge(nums: []i32, left: usize, mid: usize, right: usize) !void {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u8f85\u52a9\u6570\u7ec4\n    var mem_arena = std.heap.ArenaAllocator.init(std.heap.page_allocator);\n    defer mem_arena.deinit();\n    const mem_allocator = mem_arena.allocator();\n    var tmp = try mem_allocator.alloc(i32, right + 1 - left);\n    std.mem.copy(i32, tmp, nums[left..right+1]);\n    // \u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u7d22\u5f15\u548c\u7ed3\u675f\u7d22\u5f15  \n    var leftStart = left - left;\n    var leftEnd = mid - left;\n    // \u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u7d22\u5f15\u548c\u7ed3\u675f\u7d22\u5f15       \n    var rightStart = mid + 1 - left;\n    var rightEnd = right - left;\n    // i, j \u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u9996\u5143\u7d20\n    var i = leftStart;\n    var j = rightStart;\n    // \u901a\u8fc7\u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums \u6765\u5408\u5e76\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n    var k = left;\n    while (k <= right) : (k += 1) {\n        // \u82e5\u201c\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u5168\u90e8\u5408\u5e76\u5b8c\u201d\uff0c\u5219\u9009\u53d6\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14 j++\n        if (i > leftEnd) {\n            nums[k] = tmp[j];\n            j += 1;\n        // \u5426\u5219\uff0c\u82e5\u201c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u5168\u90e8\u5408\u5e76\u5b8c\u201d\u6216\u201c\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20 <= \u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u201d\uff0c\u5219\u9009\u53d6\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14 i++\n        } else if  (j > rightEnd or tmp[i] <= tmp[j]) {\n            nums[k] = tmp[i];\n            i += 1;\n        // \u5426\u5219\uff0c\u82e5\u201c\u5de6\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u90fd\u672a\u5168\u90e8\u5408\u5e76\u5b8c\u201d\u4e14\u201c\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20 > \u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u201d\uff0c\u5219\u9009\u53d6\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14 j++\n        } else {\n            nums[k] = tmp[j];\n            j += 1;\n        }\n    }\n}\n\n// \u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f\nfn mergeSort(nums: []i32, left: usize, right: usize) !void {\n    // \u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6\n    if (left >= right) return;              // \u5f53\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\u9012\u5f52\n    // \u5212\u5206\u9636\u6bb5\n    var mid = (left + right) / 2;           // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\n    try mergeSort(nums, left, mid);         // \u9012\u5f52\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n    try mergeSort(nums, mid + 1, right);    // \u9012\u5f52\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n    // \u5408\u5e76\u9636\u6bb5\n    try merge(nums, left, mid, right);\n}\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_sorting/merge_sort/#1162","title":"11.6.2 \u00a0 \u7b97\u6cd5\u7279\u6027","text":"
    • \u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n \\log n)\\)\u3001\u975e\u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u6392\u5e8f\uff1a\u5212\u5206\u4ea7\u751f\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(\\log n\\) \u7684\u9012\u5f52\u6811\uff0c\u6bcf\u5c42\u5408\u5e76\u7684\u603b\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u91cf\u4e3a \\(n\\) \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u603b\u4f53\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n \\log n)\\) \u3002
    • \u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n)\\)\u3001\u975e\u539f\u5730\u6392\u5e8f\uff1a\u9012\u5f52\u6df1\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(\\log n\\) \uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(\\log n)\\) \u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u6808\u5e27\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u5408\u5e76\u64cd\u4f5c\u9700\u8981\u501f\u52a9\u8f85\u52a9\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(n)\\) \u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u989d\u5916\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002
    • \u7a33\u5b9a\u6392\u5e8f\uff1a\u5728\u5408\u5e76\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6b21\u5e8f\u4fdd\u6301\u4e0d\u53d8\u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_sorting/merge_sort/#1163","title":"11.6.3 \u00a0 \u94fe\u8868\u6392\u5e8f","text":"

    \u5bf9\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\uff0c\u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f\u76f8\u8f83\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u5177\u6709\u663e\u8457\u4f18\u52bf\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u94fe\u8868\u6392\u5e8f\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4f18\u5316\u81f3 \\(O(1)\\) \u3002

    • \u5212\u5206\u9636\u6bb5\uff1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u201c\u8fed\u4ee3\u201d\u66ff\u4ee3\u201c\u9012\u5f52\u201d\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u94fe\u8868\u5212\u5206\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u7701\u53bb\u9012\u5f52\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6808\u5e27\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002
    • \u5408\u5e76\u9636\u6bb5\uff1a\u5728\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\uff0c\u8282\u70b9\u589e\u5220\u64cd\u4f5c\u4ec5\u9700\u6539\u53d8\u5f15\u7528\uff08\u6307\u9488\uff09\u5373\u53ef\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5408\u5e76\u9636\u6bb5\uff08\u5c06\u4e24\u4e2a\u77ed\u6709\u5e8f\u94fe\u8868\u5408\u5e76\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u6709\u5e8f\u94fe\u8868\uff09\u65e0\u987b\u521b\u5efa\u989d\u5916\u94fe\u8868\u3002

    \u5177\u4f53\u5b9e\u73b0\u7ec6\u8282\u6bd4\u8f83\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u6709\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u8bfb\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u67e5\u9605\u76f8\u5173\u8d44\u6599\u8fdb\u884c\u5b66\u4e60\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_sorting/quick_sort/","title":"11.5 \u00a0 \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f","text":"

    \u300c\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f quick sort\u300d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u57fa\u4e8e\u5206\u6cbb\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u8fd0\u884c\u9ad8\u6548\uff0c\u5e94\u7528\u5e7f\u6cdb\u3002

    \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u64cd\u4f5c\u662f\u201c\u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u201d\uff0c\u5176\u76ee\u6807\u662f\uff1a\u9009\u62e9\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u67d0\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u4f5c\u4e3a\u201c\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u201d\uff0c\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u5c0f\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u79fb\u5230\u5176\u5de6\u4fa7\uff0c\u800c\u5927\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u79fb\u5230\u5176\u53f3\u4fa7\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u7684\u6d41\u7a0b\u5982\u56fe 11-8 \u6240\u793a\u3002

    1. \u9009\u53d6\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5de6\u7aef\u5143\u7d20\u4f5c\u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\uff0c\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e24\u4e2a\u6307\u9488 i \u548c j \u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u4e24\u7aef\u3002
    2. \u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u5728\u6bcf\u8f6e\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528 i\uff08j\uff09\u5206\u522b\u5bfb\u627e\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6bd4\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u5927\uff08\u5c0f\uff09\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4ea4\u6362\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u3002
    3. \u5faa\u73af\u6267\u884c\u6b65\u9aa4 2. \uff0c\u76f4\u5230 i \u548c j \u76f8\u9047\u65f6\u505c\u6b62\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u5c06\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5206\u754c\u7ebf\u3002
    <1><2><3><4><5><6><7><8><9>

    \u56fe 11-8 \u00a0 \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u6b65\u9aa4

    \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\u88ab\u5212\u5206\u6210\u4e09\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u3001\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u4e14\u6ee1\u8db3\u201c\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u4efb\u610f\u5143\u7d20 \\(\\leq\\) \u57fa\u51c6\u6570 \\(\\leq\\) \u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u4efb\u610f\u5143\u7d20\u201d\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u53ea\u9700\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\u3002

    \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u5206\u6cbb\u7b56\u7565

    \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u7684\u5b9e\u8d28\u662f\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f83\u957f\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u95ee\u9898\u7b80\u5316\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u8f83\u77ed\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u95ee\u9898\u3002

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig quick_sort.py
    def partition(self, nums: list[int], left: int, right: int) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\"\"\"\n    # \u4ee5 nums[left] \u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\n    i, j = left, right\n    while i < j:\n        while i < j and nums[j] >= nums[left]:\n            j -= 1  # \u4ece\u53f3\u5411\u5de6\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n        while i < j and nums[i] <= nums[left]:\n            i += 1  # \u4ece\u5de6\u5411\u53f3\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n        # \u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\n        nums[i], nums[j] = nums[j], nums[i]\n    # \u5c06\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u4e24\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5206\u754c\u7ebf\n    nums[i], nums[left] = nums[left], nums[i]\n    return i  # \u8fd4\u56de\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n
    quick_sort.cpp
    /* \u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362 */\nvoid swap(vector<int> &nums, int i, int j) {\n    int tmp = nums[i];\n    nums[i] = nums[j];\n    nums[j] = tmp;\n}\n\n/* \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206 */\nint partition(vector<int> &nums, int left, int right) {\n    // \u4ee5 nums[left] \u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\n    int i = left, j = right;\n    while (i < j) {\n        while (i < j && nums[j] >= nums[left])\n            j--; // \u4ece\u53f3\u5411\u5de6\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n        while (i < j && nums[i] <= nums[left])\n            i++;          // \u4ece\u5de6\u5411\u53f3\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n        swap(nums, i, j); // \u4ea4\u6362\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\n    }\n    swap(nums, i, left); // \u5c06\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u4e24\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5206\u754c\u7ebf\n    return i;            // \u8fd4\u56de\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n}\n
    quick_sort.java
    /* \u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362 */\nvoid swap(int[] nums, int i, int j) {\n    int tmp = nums[i];\n    nums[i] = nums[j];\n    nums[j] = tmp;\n}\n\n/* \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206 */\nint partition(int[] nums, int left, int right) {\n    // \u4ee5 nums[left] \u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\n    int i = left, j = right;\n    while (i < j) {\n        while (i < j && nums[j] >= nums[left])\n            j--;          // \u4ece\u53f3\u5411\u5de6\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n        while (i < j && nums[i] <= nums[left])\n            i++;          // \u4ece\u5de6\u5411\u53f3\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n        swap(nums, i, j); // \u4ea4\u6362\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\n    }\n    swap(nums, i, left);  // \u5c06\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u4e24\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5206\u754c\u7ebf\n    return i;             // \u8fd4\u56de\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n}\n
    quick_sort.cs
    /* \u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362 */\nvoid Swap(int[] nums, int i, int j) {\n    (nums[j], nums[i]) = (nums[i], nums[j]);\n}\n\n/* \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206 */\nint Partition(int[] nums, int left, int right) {\n    // \u4ee5 nums[left] \u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\n    int i = left, j = right;\n    while (i < j) {\n        while (i < j && nums[j] >= nums[left])\n            j--;          // \u4ece\u53f3\u5411\u5de6\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n        while (i < j && nums[i] <= nums[left])\n            i++;          // \u4ece\u5de6\u5411\u53f3\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n        Swap(nums, i, j); // \u4ea4\u6362\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\n    }\n    Swap(nums, i, left);  // \u5c06\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u4e24\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5206\u754c\u7ebf\n    return i;             // \u8fd4\u56de\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n}\n
    quick_sort.go
    /* \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206 */\nfunc (q *quickSort) partition(nums []int, left, right int) int {\n    // \u4ee5 nums[left] \u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\n    i, j := left, right\n    for i < j {\n        for i < j && nums[j] >= nums[left] {\n            j-- // \u4ece\u53f3\u5411\u5de6\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n        }\n        for i < j && nums[i] <= nums[left] {\n            i++ // \u4ece\u5de6\u5411\u53f3\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n        }\n        // \u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\n        nums[i], nums[j] = nums[j], nums[i]\n    }\n    // \u5c06\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u4e24\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5206\u754c\u7ebf\n    nums[i], nums[left] = nums[left], nums[i]\n    return i // \u8fd4\u56de\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n}\n
    quick_sort.swift
    /* \u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362 */\nfunc swap(nums: inout [Int], i: Int, j: Int) {\n    let tmp = nums[i]\n    nums[i] = nums[j]\n    nums[j] = tmp\n}\n\n/* \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206 */\nfunc partition(nums: inout [Int], left: Int, right: Int) -> Int {\n    // \u4ee5 nums[left] \u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\n    var i = left\n    var j = right\n    while i < j {\n        while i < j, nums[j] >= nums[left] {\n            j -= 1 // \u4ece\u53f3\u5411\u5de6\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n        }\n        while i < j, nums[i] <= nums[left] {\n            i += 1 // \u4ece\u5de6\u5411\u53f3\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n        }\n        swap(nums: &nums, i: i, j: j) // \u4ea4\u6362\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\n    }\n    swap(nums: &nums, i: i, j: left) // \u5c06\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u4e24\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5206\u754c\u7ebf\n    return i // \u8fd4\u56de\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n}\n
    quick_sort.js
    /* \u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362 */\nswap(nums, i, j) {\n    let tmp = nums[i];\n    nums[i] = nums[j];\n    nums[j] = tmp;\n}\n\n/* \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206 */\npartition(nums, left, right) {\n    // \u4ee5 nums[left] \u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\n    let i = left,\n        j = right;\n    while (i < j) {\n        while (i < j && nums[j] >= nums[left]) {\n            j -= 1; // \u4ece\u53f3\u5411\u5de6\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n        }\n        while (i < j && nums[i] <= nums[left]) {\n            i += 1; // \u4ece\u5de6\u5411\u53f3\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n        }\n        // \u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\n        this.swap(nums, i, j); // \u4ea4\u6362\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\n    }\n    this.swap(nums, i, left); // \u5c06\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u4e24\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5206\u754c\u7ebf\n    return i; // \u8fd4\u56de\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n}\n
    quick_sort.ts
    /* \u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362 */\nswap(nums: number[], i: number, j: number): void {\n    let tmp = nums[i];\n    nums[i] = nums[j];\n    nums[j] = tmp;\n}\n\n/* \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206 */\npartition(nums: number[], left: number, right: number): number {\n    // \u4ee5 nums[left] \u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\n    let i = left,\n        j = right;\n    while (i < j) {\n        while (i < j && nums[j] >= nums[left]) {\n            j -= 1; // \u4ece\u53f3\u5411\u5de6\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n        }\n        while (i < j && nums[i] <= nums[left]) {\n            i += 1; // \u4ece\u5de6\u5411\u53f3\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n        }\n        // \u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\n        this.swap(nums, i, j); // \u4ea4\u6362\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\n    }\n    this.swap(nums, i, left); // \u5c06\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u4e24\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5206\u754c\u7ebf\n    return i; // \u8fd4\u56de\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n}\n
    quick_sort.dart
    /* \u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362 */\nvoid _swap(List<int> nums, int i, int j) {\n  int tmp = nums[i];\n  nums[i] = nums[j];\n  nums[j] = tmp;\n}\n\n/* \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206 */\nint _partition(List<int> nums, int left, int right) {\n  // \u4ee5 nums[left] \u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\n  int i = left, j = right;\n  while (i < j) {\n    while (i < j && nums[j] >= nums[left]) j--; // \u4ece\u53f3\u5411\u5de6\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n    while (i < j && nums[i] <= nums[left]) i++; // \u4ece\u5de6\u5411\u53f3\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n    _swap(nums, i, j); // \u4ea4\u6362\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\n  }\n  _swap(nums, i, left); // \u5c06\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u4e24\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5206\u754c\u7ebf\n  return i; // \u8fd4\u56de\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n}\n
    quick_sort.rs
    /* \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206 */\nfn partition(nums: &mut [i32], left: usize, right: usize) -> usize {\n    // \u4ee5 nums[left] \u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\n    let (mut i, mut j) = (left, right);\n    while i < j {\n        while i < j && nums[j] >= nums[left] {\n            j -= 1;      // \u4ece\u53f3\u5411\u5de6\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n        }\n        while i < j && nums[i] <= nums[left] {\n            i += 1;      // \u4ece\u5de6\u5411\u53f3\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n        }\n        nums.swap(i, j); // \u4ea4\u6362\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\n    }\n    nums.swap(i, left);  // \u5c06\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u4e24\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5206\u754c\u7ebf\n    i                    // \u8fd4\u56de\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n}\n
    quick_sort.c
    /* \u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362 */\nvoid swap(int nums[], int i, int j) {\n    int tmp = nums[i];\n    nums[i] = nums[j];\n    nums[j] = tmp;\n}\n\n/* \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u7c7b */\n// \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u7c7b-\u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\nint partition(int nums[], int left, int right) {\n    // \u4ee5 nums[left] \u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\n    int i = left, j = right;\n    while (i < j) {\n        while (i < j && nums[j] >= nums[left]) {\n            // \u4ece\u53f3\u5411\u5de6\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n            j--;\n        }\n        while (i < j && nums[i] <= nums[left]) {\n            // \u4ece\u5de6\u5411\u53f3\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n            i++;\n        }\n        // \u4ea4\u6362\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\n        swap(nums, i, j);\n    }\n    // \u5c06\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u4e24\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5206\u754c\u7ebf\n    swap(nums, i, left);\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n    return i;\n}\n
    quick_sort.zig
    // \u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\nfn swap(nums: []i32, i: usize, j: usize) void {\n    var tmp = nums[i];\n    nums[i] = nums[j];\n    nums[j] = tmp;\n}\n\n// \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\nfn partition(nums: []i32, left: usize, right: usize) usize {\n    // \u4ee5 nums[left] \u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\n    var i = left;\n    var j = right;\n    while (i < j) {\n        while (i < j and nums[j] >= nums[left]) j -= 1; // \u4ece\u53f3\u5411\u5de6\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n        while (i < j and nums[i] <= nums[left]) i += 1; // \u4ece\u5de6\u5411\u53f3\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n        swap(nums, i, j);   // \u4ea4\u6362\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\n    }\n    swap(nums, i, left);    // \u5c06\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u4e24\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5206\u754c\u7ebf\n    return i;               // \u8fd4\u56de\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n}\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_sorting/quick_sort/#1151","title":"11.5.1 \u00a0 \u7b97\u6cd5\u6d41\u7a0b","text":"

    \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u6d41\u7a0b\u5982\u56fe 11-9 \u6240\u793a\u3002

    1. \u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5bf9\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u6b21\u201c\u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u201d\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u3002
    2. \u7136\u540e\uff0c\u5bf9\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5206\u522b\u9012\u5f52\u6267\u884c\u201c\u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u201d\u3002
    3. \u6301\u7eed\u9012\u5f52\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5b8c\u6210\u6574\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u3002

    \u56fe 11-9 \u00a0 \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u6d41\u7a0b

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig quick_sort.py
    def quick_sort(self, nums: list[int], left: int, right: int):\n    \"\"\"\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\"\"\"\n    # \u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\u9012\u5f52\n    if left >= right:\n        return\n    # \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\n    pivot = self.partition(nums, left, right)\n    # \u9012\u5f52\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n    self.quick_sort(nums, left, pivot - 1)\n    self.quick_sort(nums, pivot + 1, right)\n
    quick_sort.cpp
    /* \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid quickSort(vector<int> &nums, int left, int right) {\n    // \u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\u9012\u5f52\n    if (left >= right)\n        return;\n    // \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\n    int pivot = partition(nums, left, right);\n    // \u9012\u5f52\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n    quickSort(nums, left, pivot - 1);\n    quickSort(nums, pivot + 1, right);\n}\n
    quick_sort.java
    /* \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid quickSort(int[] nums, int left, int right) {\n    // \u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\u9012\u5f52\n    if (left >= right)\n        return;\n    // \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\n    int pivot = partition(nums, left, right);\n    // \u9012\u5f52\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n    quickSort(nums, left, pivot - 1);\n    quickSort(nums, pivot + 1, right);\n}\n
    quick_sort.cs
    /* \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid QuickSort(int[] nums, int left, int right) {\n    // \u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\u9012\u5f52\n    if (left >= right)\n        return;\n    // \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\n    int pivot = Partition(nums, left, right);\n    // \u9012\u5f52\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n    QuickSort(nums, left, pivot - 1);\n    QuickSort(nums, pivot + 1, right);\n}\n
    quick_sort.go
    /* \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f */\nfunc (q *quickSort) quickSort(nums []int, left, right int) {\n    // \u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\u9012\u5f52\n    if left >= right {\n        return\n    }\n    // \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\n    pivot := q.partition(nums, left, right)\n    // \u9012\u5f52\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n    q.quickSort(nums, left, pivot-1)\n    q.quickSort(nums, pivot+1, right)\n}\n
    quick_sort.swift
    /* \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f */\nfunc quickSort(nums: inout [Int], left: Int, right: Int) {\n    // \u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\u9012\u5f52\n    if left >= right {\n        return\n    }\n    // \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\n    let pivot = partition(nums: &nums, left: left, right: right)\n    // \u9012\u5f52\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n    quickSort(nums: &nums, left: left, right: pivot - 1)\n    quickSort(nums: &nums, left: pivot + 1, right: right)\n}\n
    quick_sort.js
    /* \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f */\nquickSort(nums, left, right) {\n    // \u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\u9012\u5f52\n    if (left >= right) return;\n    // \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\n    const pivot = this.partition(nums, left, right);\n    // \u9012\u5f52\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n    this.quickSort(nums, left, pivot - 1);\n    this.quickSort(nums, pivot + 1, right);\n}\n
    quick_sort.ts
    /* \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f */\nquickSort(nums: number[], left: number, right: number): void {\n    // \u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\u9012\u5f52\n    if (left >= right) {\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\n    const pivot = this.partition(nums, left, right);\n    // \u9012\u5f52\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n    this.quickSort(nums, left, pivot - 1);\n    this.quickSort(nums, pivot + 1, right);\n}\n
    quick_sort.dart
    /* \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid quickSort(List<int> nums, int left, int right) {\n  // \u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\u9012\u5f52\n  if (left >= right) return;\n  // \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\n  int pivot = _partition(nums, left, right);\n  // \u9012\u5f52\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n  quickSort(nums, left, pivot - 1);\n  quickSort(nums, pivot + 1, right);\n}\n
    quick_sort.rs
    /* \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f */\npub fn quick_sort(left: i32, right: i32, nums: &mut [i32]) {\n    // \u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\u9012\u5f52\n    if left >= right {\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\n    let pivot = Self::partition(nums, left as usize, right as usize) as i32;\n    // \u9012\u5f52\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n    Self::quick_sort(left, pivot - 1, nums);\n    Self::quick_sort(pivot + 1, right, nums);\n}\n
    quick_sort.c
    /* \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u7c7b */\n// \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u7c7b-\u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\nint partition(int nums[], int left, int right) {\n    // \u4ee5 nums[left] \u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\n    int i = left, j = right;\n    while (i < j) {\n        while (i < j && nums[j] >= nums[left]) {\n            // \u4ece\u53f3\u5411\u5de6\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n            j--;\n        }\n        while (i < j && nums[i] <= nums[left]) {\n            // \u4ece\u5de6\u5411\u53f3\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n            i++;\n        }\n        // \u4ea4\u6362\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\n        swap(nums, i, j);\n    }\n    // \u5c06\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u4e24\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5206\u754c\u7ebf\n    swap(nums, i, left);\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n    return i;\n}\n\n// \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u7c7b-\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\nvoid quickSort(int nums[], int left, int right) {\n    // \u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\u9012\u5f52\n    if (left >= right) {\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\n    int pivot = partition(nums, left, right);\n    // \u9012\u5f52\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n    quickSort(nums, left, pivot - 1);\n    quickSort(nums, pivot + 1, right);\n}\n
    quick_sort.zig
    // \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\nfn quickSort(nums: []i32, left: usize, right: usize) void {\n    // \u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\u9012\u5f52\n    if (left >= right) return;\n    // \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\n    var pivot = partition(nums, left, right);\n    // \u9012\u5f52\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n    quickSort(nums, left, pivot - 1);\n    quickSort(nums, pivot + 1, right);\n}\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_sorting/quick_sort/#1152","title":"11.5.2 \u00a0 \u7b97\u6cd5\u7279\u6027","text":"
    • \u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n \\log n)\\)\u3001\u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u6392\u5e8f\uff1a\u5728\u5e73\u5747\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u7684\u9012\u5f52\u5c42\u6570\u4e3a \\(\\log n\\) \uff0c\u6bcf\u5c42\u4e2d\u7684\u603b\u5faa\u73af\u6570\u4e3a \\(n\\) \uff0c\u603b\u4f53\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(n \\log n)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u5728\u6700\u5dee\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6bcf\u8f6e\u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u64cd\u4f5c\u90fd\u5c06\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(n\\) \u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(0\\) \u548c \\(n - 1\\) \u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u9012\u5f52\u5c42\u6570\u8fbe\u5230 \\(n\\) \uff0c\u6bcf\u5c42\u4e2d\u7684\u5faa\u73af\u6570\u4e3a \\(n\\) \uff0c\u603b\u4f53\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(n^2)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u3002
    • \u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n)\\)\u3001\u539f\u5730\u6392\u5e8f\uff1a\u5728\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u7ec4\u5b8c\u5168\u5012\u5e8f\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u5dee\u9012\u5f52\u6df1\u5ea6 \\(n\\) \uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(n)\\) \u6808\u5e27\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u6392\u5e8f\u64cd\u4f5c\u662f\u5728\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\uff0c\u672a\u501f\u52a9\u989d\u5916\u6570\u7ec4\u3002
    • \u975e\u7a33\u5b9a\u6392\u5e8f\uff1a\u5728\u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u53f3\u4fa7\u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_sorting/quick_sort/#1153","title":"11.5.3 \u00a0 \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5feb","text":"

    \u4ece\u540d\u79f0\u4e0a\u5c31\u80fd\u770b\u51fa\uff0c\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u5728\u6548\u7387\u65b9\u9762\u5e94\u8be5\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e0e\u201c\u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f\u201d\u548c\u201c\u5806\u6392\u5e8f\u201d\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u901a\u5e38\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u6548\u7387\u66f4\u9ad8\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u539f\u56e0\u3002

    • \u51fa\u73b0\u6700\u5dee\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u6982\u7387\u5f88\u4f4e\uff1a\u867d\u7136\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u6700\u5dee\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n^2)\\) \uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u80fd\u5728 \\(O(n \\log n)\\) \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e0b\u8fd0\u884c\u3002
    • \u7f13\u5b58\u4f7f\u7528\u6548\u7387\u9ad8\uff1a\u5728\u6267\u884c\u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u64cd\u4f5c\u65f6\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u5c06\u6574\u4e2a\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u52a0\u8f7d\u5230\u7f13\u5b58\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6548\u7387\u8f83\u9ad8\u3002\u800c\u50cf\u201c\u5806\u6392\u5e8f\u201d\u8fd9\u7c7b\u7b97\u6cd5\u9700\u8981\u8df3\u8dc3\u5f0f\u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8fd9\u4e00\u7279\u6027\u3002
    • \u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7684\u5e38\u6570\u7cfb\u6570\u5c0f\uff1a\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e09\u79cd\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e2d\uff0c\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\u3001\u8d4b\u503c\u3001\u4ea4\u6362\u7b49\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u603b\u6570\u91cf\u6700\u5c11\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0e\u201c\u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f\u201d\u6bd4\u201c\u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\u201d\u66f4\u5feb\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u7c7b\u4f3c\u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_sorting/quick_sort/#1154","title":"11.5.4 \u00a0 \u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u4f18\u5316","text":"

    \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u8f93\u5165\u4e0b\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6548\u7387\u53ef\u80fd\u964d\u4f4e\u3002\u4e3e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6781\u7aef\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u5047\u8bbe\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u7ec4\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u5012\u5e8f\u7684\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u9009\u62e9\u6700\u5de6\u7aef\u5143\u7d20\u4f5c\u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5728\u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u88ab\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u53f3\u7aef\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(n - 1\\)\u3001\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(0\\) \u3002\u5982\u6b64\u9012\u5f52\u4e0b\u53bb\uff0c\u6bcf\u8f6e\u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u540e\u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u90fd\u4e3a \\(0\\) \uff0c\u5206\u6cbb\u7b56\u7565\u5931\u6548\uff0c\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u9000\u5316\u4e3a\u201c\u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\u201d\u3002

    \u4e3a\u4e86\u5c3d\u91cf\u907f\u514d\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f18\u5316\u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u4e2d\u7684\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u9009\u53d6\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u968f\u673a\u9009\u53d6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u4f5c\u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8fd0\u6c14\u4e0d\u4f73\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u90fd\u9009\u5230\u4e0d\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\uff0c\u6548\u7387\u4ecd\u7136\u4e0d\u5c3d\u5982\u4eba\u610f\u3002

    \u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u901a\u5e38\u751f\u6210\u7684\u662f\u201c\u4f2a\u968f\u673a\u6570\u201d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u9488\u5bf9\u4f2a\u968f\u673a\u6570\u5e8f\u5217\u6784\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6837\u4f8b\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u6548\u7387\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u80fd\u52a3\u5316\u3002

    \u4e3a\u4e86\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6539\u8fdb\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u9009\u53d6\u4e09\u4e2a\u5019\u9009\u5143\u7d20\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u9996\u3001\u5c3e\u3001\u4e2d\u70b9\u5143\u7d20\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u5019\u9009\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\u4f5c\u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u6765\uff0c\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u201c\u65e2\u4e0d\u592a\u5c0f\u4e5f\u4e0d\u592a\u5927\u201d\u7684\u6982\u7387\u5c06\u5927\u5e45\u63d0\u5347\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u53d6\u66f4\u591a\u5019\u9009\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u4ee5\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u63d0\u9ad8\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u7a33\u5065\u6027\u3002\u91c7\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u540e\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u52a3\u5316\u81f3 \\(O(n^2)\\) \u7684\u6982\u7387\u5927\u5927\u964d\u4f4e\u3002

    \u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig quick_sort.py
    def median_three(self, nums: list[int], left: int, mid: int, right: int) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u9009\u53d6\u4e09\u4e2a\u5019\u9009\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\"\"\"\n    # \u6b64\u5904\u4f7f\u7528\u5f02\u6216\u8fd0\u7b97\u6765\u7b80\u5316\u4ee3\u7801\n    # \u5f02\u6216\u89c4\u5219\u4e3a 0 ^ 0 = 1 ^ 1 = 0, 0 ^ 1 = 1 ^ 0 = 1\n    if (nums[left] < nums[mid]) ^ (nums[left] < nums[right]):\n        return left\n    elif (nums[mid] < nums[left]) ^ (nums[mid] < nums[right]):\n        return mid\n    return right\n\ndef partition(self, nums: list[int], left: int, right: int) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\uff08\u4e09\u6570\u53d6\u4e2d\u503c\uff09\"\"\"\n    # \u4ee5 nums[left] \u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\n    med = self.median_three(nums, left, (left + right) // 2, right)\n    # \u5c06\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5de6\u7aef\n    nums[left], nums[med] = nums[med], nums[left]\n    # \u4ee5 nums[left] \u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\n    i, j = left, right\n    while i < j:\n        while i < j and nums[j] >= nums[left]:\n            j -= 1  # \u4ece\u53f3\u5411\u5de6\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n        while i < j and nums[i] <= nums[left]:\n            i += 1  # \u4ece\u5de6\u5411\u53f3\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n        # \u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\n        nums[i], nums[j] = nums[j], nums[i]\n    # \u5c06\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u4e24\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5206\u754c\u7ebf\n    nums[i], nums[left] = nums[left], nums[i]\n    return i  # \u8fd4\u56de\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n
    quick_sort.cpp
    /* \u9009\u53d6\u4e09\u4e2a\u5019\u9009\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570 */\nint medianThree(vector<int> &nums, int left, int mid, int right) {\n    // \u6b64\u5904\u4f7f\u7528\u5f02\u6216\u8fd0\u7b97\u6765\u7b80\u5316\u4ee3\u7801\n    // \u5f02\u6216\u89c4\u5219\u4e3a 0 ^ 0 = 1 ^ 1 = 0, 0 ^ 1 = 1 ^ 0 = 1\n    if ((nums[left] < nums[mid]) ^ (nums[left] < nums[right]))\n        return left;\n    else if ((nums[mid] < nums[left]) ^ (nums[mid] < nums[right]))\n        return mid;\n    else\n        return right;\n}\n\n/* \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\uff08\u4e09\u6570\u53d6\u4e2d\u503c\uff09 */\nint partition(vector<int> &nums, int left, int right) {\n    // \u9009\u53d6\u4e09\u4e2a\u5019\u9009\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\n    int med = medianThree(nums, left, (left + right) / 2, right);\n    // \u5c06\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5de6\u7aef\n    swap(nums, left, med);\n    // \u4ee5 nums[left] \u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\n    int i = left, j = right;\n    while (i < j) {\n        while (i < j && nums[j] >= nums[left])\n            j--; // \u4ece\u53f3\u5411\u5de6\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n        while (i < j && nums[i] <= nums[left])\n            i++;          // \u4ece\u5de6\u5411\u53f3\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n        swap(nums, i, j); // \u4ea4\u6362\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\n    }\n    swap(nums, i, left); // \u5c06\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u4e24\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5206\u754c\u7ebf\n    return i;            // \u8fd4\u56de\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n}\n
    quick_sort.java
    /* \u9009\u53d6\u4e09\u4e2a\u5019\u9009\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570 */\nint medianThree(int[] nums, int left, int mid, int right) {\n    // \u6b64\u5904\u4f7f\u7528\u5f02\u6216\u8fd0\u7b97\u6765\u7b80\u5316\u4ee3\u7801\n    // \u5f02\u6216\u89c4\u5219\u4e3a 0 ^ 0 = 1 ^ 1 = 0, 0 ^ 1 = 1 ^ 0 = 1\n    if ((nums[left] < nums[mid]) ^ (nums[left] < nums[right]))\n        return left;\n    else if ((nums[mid] < nums[left]) ^ (nums[mid] < nums[right]))\n        return mid;\n    else\n        return right;\n}\n\n/* \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\uff08\u4e09\u6570\u53d6\u4e2d\u503c\uff09 */\nint partition(int[] nums, int left, int right) {\n    // \u9009\u53d6\u4e09\u4e2a\u5019\u9009\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\n    int med = medianThree(nums, left, (left + right) / 2, right);\n    // \u5c06\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5de6\u7aef\n    swap(nums, left, med);\n    // \u4ee5 nums[left] \u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\n    int i = left, j = right;\n    while (i < j) {\n        while (i < j && nums[j] >= nums[left])\n            j--;          // \u4ece\u53f3\u5411\u5de6\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n        while (i < j && nums[i] <= nums[left])\n            i++;          // \u4ece\u5de6\u5411\u53f3\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n        swap(nums, i, j); // \u4ea4\u6362\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\n    }\n    swap(nums, i, left);  // \u5c06\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u4e24\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5206\u754c\u7ebf\n    return i;             // \u8fd4\u56de\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n}\n
    quick_sort.cs
    /* \u9009\u53d6\u4e09\u4e2a\u5019\u9009\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570 */\nint MedianThree(int[] nums, int left, int mid, int right) {\n    // \u6b64\u5904\u4f7f\u7528\u5f02\u6216\u8fd0\u7b97\u6765\u7b80\u5316\u4ee3\u7801\n    // \u5f02\u6216\u89c4\u5219\u4e3a 0 ^ 0 = 1 ^ 1 = 0, 0 ^ 1 = 1 ^ 0 = 1\n    if ((nums[left] < nums[mid]) ^ (nums[left] < nums[right]))\n        return left;\n    else if ((nums[mid] < nums[left]) ^ (nums[mid] < nums[right]))\n        return mid;\n    else\n        return right;\n}\n\n/* \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\uff08\u4e09\u6570\u53d6\u4e2d\u503c\uff09 */\nint Partition(int[] nums, int left, int right) {\n    // \u9009\u53d6\u4e09\u4e2a\u5019\u9009\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\n    int med = MedianThree(nums, left, (left + right) / 2, right);\n    // \u5c06\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5de6\u7aef\n    Swap(nums, left, med);\n    // \u4ee5 nums[left] \u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\n    int i = left, j = right;\n    while (i < j) {\n        while (i < j && nums[j] >= nums[left])\n            j--;          // \u4ece\u53f3\u5411\u5de6\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n        while (i < j && nums[i] <= nums[left])\n            i++;          // \u4ece\u5de6\u5411\u53f3\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n        Swap(nums, i, j); // \u4ea4\u6362\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\n    }\n    Swap(nums, i, left);  // \u5c06\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u4e24\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5206\u754c\u7ebf\n    return i;             // \u8fd4\u56de\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n}\n
    quick_sort.go
    /* \u9009\u53d6\u4e09\u4e2a\u5019\u9009\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570 */\nfunc (q *quickSortMedian) medianThree(nums []int, left, mid, right int) int {\n    // \u6b64\u5904\u4f7f\u7528\u5f02\u6216\u8fd0\u7b97\u6765\u7b80\u5316\u4ee3\u7801\uff08!= \u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u8d77\u5230\u5f02\u6216\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff09\n    // \u5f02\u6216\u89c4\u5219\u4e3a 0 ^ 0 = 1 ^ 1 = 0, 0 ^ 1 = 1 ^ 0 = 1\n    if (nums[left] < nums[mid]) != (nums[left] < nums[right]) {\n        return left\n    } else if (nums[mid] < nums[left]) != (nums[mid] < nums[right]) {\n        return mid\n    }\n    return right\n}\n\n/* \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\uff08\u4e09\u6570\u53d6\u4e2d\u503c\uff09*/\nfunc (q *quickSortMedian) partition(nums []int, left, right int) int {\n    // \u4ee5 nums[left] \u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\n    med := q.medianThree(nums, left, (left+right)/2, right)\n    // \u5c06\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5de6\u7aef\n    nums[left], nums[med] = nums[med], nums[left]\n    // \u4ee5 nums[left] \u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\n    i, j := left, right\n    for i < j {\n        for i < j && nums[j] >= nums[left] {\n            j-- //\u4ece\u53f3\u5411\u5de6\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n        }\n        for i < j && nums[i] <= nums[left] {\n            i++ //\u4ece\u5de6\u5411\u53f3\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n        }\n        //\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\n        nums[i], nums[j] = nums[j], nums[i]\n    }\n    //\u5c06\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u4e24\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5206\u754c\u7ebf\n    nums[i], nums[left] = nums[left], nums[i]\n    return i //\u8fd4\u56de\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n}\n
    quick_sort.swift
    /* \u9009\u53d6\u4e09\u4e2a\u5019\u9009\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570 */\nfunc medianThree(nums: [Int], left: Int, mid: Int, right: Int) -> Int {\n    if (nums[left] < nums[mid]) != (nums[left] < nums[right]) {\n        return left\n    } else if (nums[mid] < nums[left]) != (nums[mid] < nums[right]) {\n        return mid\n    } else {\n        return right\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\uff08\u4e09\u6570\u53d6\u4e2d\u503c\uff09 */\nfunc partitionMedian(nums: inout [Int], left: Int, right: Int) -> Int {\n    // \u9009\u53d6\u4e09\u4e2a\u5019\u9009\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\n    let med = medianThree(nums: nums, left: left, mid: (left + right) / 2, right: right)\n    // \u5c06\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5de6\u7aef\n    swap(nums: &nums, i: left, j: med)\n    return partition(nums: &nums, left: left, right: right)\n}\n
    quick_sort.js
    /* \u9009\u53d6\u4e09\u4e2a\u5019\u9009\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570 */\nmedianThree(nums, left, mid, right) {\n    // \u6b64\u5904\u4f7f\u7528\u5f02\u6216\u8fd0\u7b97\u6765\u7b80\u5316\u4ee3\u7801\n    // \u5f02\u6216\u89c4\u5219\u4e3a 0 ^ 0 = 1 ^ 1 = 0, 0 ^ 1 = 1 ^ 0 = 1\n    if ((nums[left] < nums[mid]) ^ (nums[left] < nums[right])) return left;\n    else if ((nums[mid] < nums[left]) ^ (nums[mid] < nums[right]))\n        return mid;\n    else return right;\n}\n\n/* \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\uff08\u4e09\u6570\u53d6\u4e2d\u503c\uff09 */\npartition(nums, left, right) {\n    // \u9009\u53d6\u4e09\u4e2a\u5019\u9009\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\n    let med = this.medianThree(\n        nums,\n        left,\n        Math.floor((left + right) / 2),\n        right\n    );\n    // \u5c06\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5de6\u7aef\n    this.swap(nums, left, med);\n    // \u4ee5 nums[left] \u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\n    let i = left,\n        j = right;\n    while (i < j) {\n        while (i < j && nums[j] >= nums[left]) j--; // \u4ece\u53f3\u5411\u5de6\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n        while (i < j && nums[i] <= nums[left]) i++; // \u4ece\u5de6\u5411\u53f3\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n        this.swap(nums, i, j); // \u4ea4\u6362\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\n    }\n    this.swap(nums, i, left); // \u5c06\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u4e24\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5206\u754c\u7ebf\n    return i; // \u8fd4\u56de\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n}\n
    quick_sort.ts
    /* \u9009\u53d6\u4e09\u4e2a\u5019\u9009\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570 */\nmedianThree(\n    nums: number[],\n    left: number,\n    mid: number,\n    right: number\n): number {\n    // \u6b64\u5904\u4f7f\u7528\u5f02\u6216\u8fd0\u7b97\u6765\u7b80\u5316\u4ee3\u7801\n    // \u5f02\u6216\u89c4\u5219\u4e3a 0 ^ 0 = 1 ^ 1 = 0, 0 ^ 1 = 1 ^ 0 = 1\n    if (Number(nums[left] < nums[mid]) ^ Number(nums[left] < nums[right])) {\n        return left;\n    } else if (\n        Number(nums[mid] < nums[left]) ^ Number(nums[mid] < nums[right])\n    ) {\n        return mid;\n    } else {\n        return right;\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\uff08\u4e09\u6570\u53d6\u4e2d\u503c\uff09 */\npartition(nums: number[], left: number, right: number): number {\n    // \u9009\u53d6\u4e09\u4e2a\u5019\u9009\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\n    let med = this.medianThree(\n        nums,\n        left,\n        Math.floor((left + right) / 2),\n        right\n    );\n    // \u5c06\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5de6\u7aef\n    this.swap(nums, left, med);\n    // \u4ee5 nums[left] \u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\n    let i = left,\n        j = right;\n    while (i < j) {\n        while (i < j && nums[j] >= nums[left]) {\n            j--; // \u4ece\u53f3\u5411\u5de6\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n        }\n        while (i < j && nums[i] <= nums[left]) {\n            i++; // \u4ece\u5de6\u5411\u53f3\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n        }\n        this.swap(nums, i, j); // \u4ea4\u6362\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\n    }\n    this.swap(nums, i, left); // \u5c06\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u4e24\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5206\u754c\u7ebf\n    return i; // \u8fd4\u56de\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n}\n
    quick_sort.dart
    /* \u9009\u53d6\u4e09\u4e2a\u5019\u9009\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570 */\nint _medianThree(List<int> nums, int left, int mid, int right) {\n  // \u6b64\u5904\u4f7f\u7528\u5f02\u6216\u8fd0\u7b97\u6765\u7b80\u5316\u4ee3\u7801\n  // \u5f02\u6216\u89c4\u5219\u4e3a 0 ^ 0 = 1 ^ 1 = 0, 0 ^ 1 = 1 ^ 0 = 1\n  if ((nums[left] < nums[mid]) ^ (nums[left] < nums[right]))\n    return left;\n  else if ((nums[mid] < nums[left]) ^ (nums[mid] < nums[right]))\n    return mid;\n  else\n    return right;\n}\n\n/* \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\uff08\u4e09\u6570\u53d6\u4e2d\u503c\uff09 */\nint _partition(List<int> nums, int left, int right) {\n  // \u9009\u53d6\u4e09\u4e2a\u5019\u9009\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\n  int med = _medianThree(nums, left, (left + right) ~/ 2, right);\n  // \u5c06\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5de6\u7aef\n  _swap(nums, left, med);\n  // \u4ee5 nums[left] \u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\n  int i = left, j = right;\n  while (i < j) {\n    while (i < j && nums[j] >= nums[left]) j--; // \u4ece\u53f3\u5411\u5de6\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n    while (i < j && nums[i] <= nums[left]) i++; // \u4ece\u5de6\u5411\u53f3\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n    _swap(nums, i, j); // \u4ea4\u6362\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\n  }\n  _swap(nums, i, left); // \u5c06\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u4e24\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5206\u754c\u7ebf\n  return i; // \u8fd4\u56de\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n}\n
    quick_sort.rs
    /* \u9009\u53d6\u4e09\u4e2a\u5019\u9009\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570 */\nfn median_three(nums: &mut [i32], left: usize, mid: usize, right: usize) -> usize {\n    // \u6b64\u5904\u4f7f\u7528\u5f02\u6216\u8fd0\u7b97\u6765\u7b80\u5316\u4ee3\u7801\n    // \u5f02\u6216\u89c4\u5219\u4e3a 0 ^ 0 = 1 ^ 1 = 0, 0 ^ 1 = 1 ^ 0 = 1\n    if (nums[left] < nums[mid]) ^ (nums[left] < nums[right]) {\n        return left;\n    } else if (nums[mid] < nums[left]) ^ (nums[mid] < nums[right]) {\n        return mid;\n    } \n    right\n}\n\n/* \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\uff08\u4e09\u6570\u53d6\u4e2d\u503c\uff09 */\nfn partition(nums: &mut [i32], left: usize, right: usize) -> usize {\n    // \u9009\u53d6\u4e09\u4e2a\u5019\u9009\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\n    let med = Self::median_three(nums, left, (left + right) / 2, right);\n    // \u5c06\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5de6\u7aef\n    nums.swap(left, med);\n    // \u4ee5 nums[left] \u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\n    let (mut i, mut j) = (left, right);\n    while i < j {\n        while i < j && nums[j] >= nums[left] {\n            j -= 1;      // \u4ece\u53f3\u5411\u5de6\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n        }\n        while i < j && nums[i] <= nums[left] {\n            i += 1;      // \u4ece\u5de6\u5411\u53f3\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n        }\n        nums.swap(i, j); // \u4ea4\u6362\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\n    }\n     nums.swap(i, left);  // \u5c06\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u4e24\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5206\u754c\u7ebf\n     i                    // \u8fd4\u56de\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n}\n
    quick_sort.c
    /* \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u7c7b\uff08\u4e2d\u4f4d\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u4f18\u5316\uff09 */\n// \u9009\u53d6\u4e09\u4e2a\u5019\u9009\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\nint medianThree(int nums[], int left, int mid, int right) {\n    // \u6b64\u5904\u4f7f\u7528\u5f02\u6216\u8fd0\u7b97\u6765\u7b80\u5316\u4ee3\u7801\n    // \u5f02\u6216\u89c4\u5219\u4e3a 0 ^ 0 = 1 ^ 1 = 0, 0 ^ 1 = 1 ^ 0 = 1\n    if ((nums[left] < nums[mid]) ^ (nums[left] < nums[right]))\n        return left;\n    else if ((nums[mid] < nums[left]) ^ (nums[mid] < nums[right]))\n        return mid;\n    else\n        return right;\n}\n\n/* \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\uff08\u4e09\u6570\u53d6\u4e2d\u503c\uff09 */ \nint partitionMedian(int nums[], int left, int right) {\n    // \u9009\u53d6\u4e09\u4e2a\u5019\u9009\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\n    int med = medianThree(nums, left, (left + right) / 2, right);\n    // \u5c06\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5de6\u7aef\n    swap(nums, left, med);\n    // \u4ee5 nums[left] \u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\n    int i = left, j = right;\n    while (i < j) {\n        while (i < j && nums[j] >= nums[left])\n            j--; // \u4ece\u53f3\u5411\u5de6\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n        while (i < j && nums[i] <= nums[left])\n            i++;          // \u4ece\u5de6\u5411\u53f3\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n        swap(nums, i, j); // \u4ea4\u6362\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\n    }\n    swap(nums, i, left); // \u5c06\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u4e24\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5206\u754c\u7ebf\n    return i;            // \u8fd4\u56de\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n}\n
    quick_sort.zig
    // \u9009\u53d6\u4e09\u4e2a\u5019\u9009\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\nfn medianThree(nums: []i32, left: usize, mid: usize, right: usize) usize {\n    // \u6b64\u5904\u4f7f\u7528\u5f02\u6216\u8fd0\u7b97\u6765\u7b80\u5316\u4ee3\u7801\n    // \u5f02\u6216\u89c4\u5219\u4e3a 0 ^ 0 = 1 ^ 1 = 0, 0 ^ 1 = 1 ^ 0 = 1\n    if ((nums[left] < nums[mid]) != (nums[left] < nums[right])) {\n        return left;\n    } else if ((nums[mid] < nums[left]) != (nums[mid] < nums[right])) {\n        return mid;\n    } else {\n        return right;\n    }\n}\n\n// \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\uff08\u4e09\u6570\u53d6\u4e2d\u503c\uff09\nfn partition(nums: []i32, left: usize, right: usize) usize {\n    // \u9009\u53d6\u4e09\u4e2a\u5019\u9009\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\n    var med = medianThree(nums, left, (left + right) / 2, right);\n    // \u5c06\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5de6\u7aef\n    swap(nums, left, med);\n    // \u4ee5 nums[left] \u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\n    var i = left;\n    var j = right;\n    while (i < j) {\n        while (i < j and nums[j] >= nums[left]) j -= 1; // \u4ece\u53f3\u5411\u5de6\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n        while (i < j and nums[i] <= nums[left]) i += 1; // \u4ece\u5de6\u5411\u53f3\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n        swap(nums, i, j);   // \u4ea4\u6362\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\n    }\n    swap(nums, i, left);    // \u5c06\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u4e24\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5206\u754c\u7ebf\n    return i;               // \u8fd4\u56de\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n}\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_sorting/quick_sort/#1155","title":"11.5.5 \u00a0 \u5c3e\u9012\u5f52\u4f18\u5316","text":"

    \u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u8f93\u5165\u4e0b\uff0c\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u53ef\u80fd\u5360\u7528\u7a7a\u95f4\u8f83\u591a\u3002\u4ee5\u5b8c\u5168\u6709\u5e8f\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u7ec4\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u8bbe\u9012\u5f52\u4e2d\u7684\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(m\\) \uff0c\u6bcf\u8f6e\u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u64cd\u4f5c\u90fd\u5c06\u4ea7\u751f\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(0\\) \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(m - 1\\) \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6bcf\u4e00\u5c42\u9012\u5f52\u8c03\u7528\u51cf\u5c11\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u89c4\u6a21\u975e\u5e38\u5c0f\uff08\u53ea\u51cf\u5c11\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\uff09\uff0c\u9012\u5f52\u6811\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4f1a\u8fbe\u5230 \\(n - 1\\) \uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u5360\u7528 \\(O(n)\\) \u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u6808\u5e27\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002

    \u4e3a\u4e86\u9632\u6b62\u6808\u5e27\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u7d2f\u79ef\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6bcf\u8f6e\u54e8\u5175\u6392\u5e8f\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\uff0c\u4ec5\u5bf9\u8f83\u77ed\u7684\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u8fdb\u884c\u9012\u5f52\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u8f83\u77ed\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8d85\u8fc7 \\(n / 2\\) \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u80fd\u786e\u4fdd\u9012\u5f52\u6df1\u5ea6\u4e0d\u8d85\u8fc7 \\(\\log n\\) \uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5c06\u6700\u5dee\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4f18\u5316\u81f3 \\(O(\\log n)\\) \u3002\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig quick_sort.py
    def quick_sort(self, nums: list[int], left: int, right: int):\n    \"\"\"\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u5c3e\u9012\u5f52\u4f18\u5316\uff09\"\"\"\n    # \u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\n    while left < right:\n        # \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u64cd\u4f5c\n        pivot = self.partition(nums, left, right)\n        # \u5bf9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u8f83\u77ed\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u6267\u884c\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\n        if pivot - left < right - pivot:\n            self.quick_sort(nums, left, pivot - 1)  # \u9012\u5f52\u6392\u5e8f\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n            left = pivot + 1  # \u5269\u4f59\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [pivot + 1, right]\n        else:\n            self.quick_sort(nums, pivot + 1, right)  # \u9012\u5f52\u6392\u5e8f\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n            right = pivot - 1  # \u5269\u4f59\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [left, pivot - 1]\n
    quick_sort.cpp
    /* \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u5c3e\u9012\u5f52\u4f18\u5316\uff09 */\nvoid quickSort(vector<int> &nums, int left, int right) {\n    // \u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\n    while (left < right) {\n        // \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u64cd\u4f5c\n        int pivot = partition(nums, left, right);\n        // \u5bf9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u8f83\u77ed\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u6267\u884c\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\n        if (pivot - left < right - pivot) {\n            quickSort(nums, left, pivot - 1); // \u9012\u5f52\u6392\u5e8f\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n            left = pivot + 1;                 // \u5269\u4f59\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [pivot + 1, right]\n        } else {\n            quickSort(nums, pivot + 1, right); // \u9012\u5f52\u6392\u5e8f\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n            right = pivot - 1;                 // \u5269\u4f59\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [left, pivot - 1]\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    quick_sort.java
    /* \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u5c3e\u9012\u5f52\u4f18\u5316\uff09 */\nvoid quickSort(int[] nums, int left, int right) {\n    // \u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\n    while (left < right) {\n        // \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u64cd\u4f5c\n        int pivot = partition(nums, left, right);\n        // \u5bf9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u8f83\u77ed\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u6267\u884c\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\n        if (pivot - left < right - pivot) {\n            quickSort(nums, left, pivot - 1); // \u9012\u5f52\u6392\u5e8f\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n            left = pivot + 1; // \u5269\u4f59\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [pivot + 1, right]\n        } else {\n            quickSort(nums, pivot + 1, right); // \u9012\u5f52\u6392\u5e8f\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n            right = pivot - 1; // \u5269\u4f59\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [left, pivot - 1]\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    quick_sort.cs
    /* \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u5c3e\u9012\u5f52\u4f18\u5316\uff09 */\nvoid QuickSort(int[] nums, int left, int right) {\n    // \u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\n    while (left < right) {\n        // \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u64cd\u4f5c\n        int pivot = Partition(nums, left, right);\n        // \u5bf9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u8f83\u77ed\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u6267\u884c\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\n        if (pivot - left < right - pivot) {\n            QuickSort(nums, left, pivot - 1);  // \u9012\u5f52\u6392\u5e8f\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n            left = pivot + 1;  // \u5269\u4f59\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [pivot + 1, right]\n        } else {\n            QuickSort(nums, pivot + 1, right); // \u9012\u5f52\u6392\u5e8f\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n            right = pivot - 1; // \u5269\u4f59\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [left, pivot - 1]\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    quick_sort.go
    /* \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u5c3e\u9012\u5f52\u4f18\u5316\uff09*/\nfunc (q *quickSortTailCall) quickSort(nums []int, left, right int) {\n    // \u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\n    for left < right {\n        // \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u64cd\u4f5c\n        pivot := q.partition(nums, left, right)\n        // \u5bf9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u8f83\u77ed\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u6267\u884c\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\n        if pivot-left < right-pivot {\n            q.quickSort(nums, left, pivot-1) // \u9012\u5f52\u6392\u5e8f\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n            left = pivot + 1                 // \u5269\u4f59\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [pivot + 1, right]\n        } else {\n            q.quickSort(nums, pivot+1, right) // \u9012\u5f52\u6392\u5e8f\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n            right = pivot - 1                 // \u5269\u4f59\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [left, pivot - 1]\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    quick_sort.swift
    /* \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u5c3e\u9012\u5f52\u4f18\u5316\uff09 */\nfunc quickSortTailCall(nums: inout [Int], left: Int, right: Int) {\n    var left = left\n    var right = right\n    // \u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\n    while left < right {\n        // \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u64cd\u4f5c\n        let pivot = partition(nums: &nums, left: left, right: right)\n        // \u5bf9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u8f83\u77ed\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u6267\u884c\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\n        if (pivot - left) < (right - pivot) {\n            quickSortTailCall(nums: &nums, left: left, right: pivot - 1) // \u9012\u5f52\u6392\u5e8f\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n            left = pivot + 1 // \u5269\u4f59\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [pivot + 1, right]\n        } else {\n            quickSortTailCall(nums: &nums, left: pivot + 1, right: right) // \u9012\u5f52\u6392\u5e8f\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n            right = pivot - 1 // \u5269\u4f59\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [left, pivot - 1]\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    quick_sort.js
    /* \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u5c3e\u9012\u5f52\u4f18\u5316\uff09 */\nquickSort(nums, left, right) {\n    // \u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\n    while (left < right) {\n        // \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u64cd\u4f5c\n        let pivot = this.partition(nums, left, right);\n        // \u5bf9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u8f83\u77ed\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u6267\u884c\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\n        if (pivot - left < right - pivot) {\n            this.quickSort(nums, left, pivot - 1); // \u9012\u5f52\u6392\u5e8f\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n            left = pivot + 1; // \u5269\u4f59\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [pivot + 1, right]\n        } else {\n            this.quickSort(nums, pivot + 1, right); // \u9012\u5f52\u6392\u5e8f\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n            right = pivot - 1; // \u5269\u4f59\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [left, pivot - 1]\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    quick_sort.ts
    /* \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u5c3e\u9012\u5f52\u4f18\u5316\uff09 */\nquickSort(nums: number[], left: number, right: number): void {\n    // \u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\n    while (left < right) {\n        // \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u64cd\u4f5c\n        let pivot = this.partition(nums, left, right);\n        // \u5bf9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u8f83\u77ed\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u6267\u884c\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\n        if (pivot - left < right - pivot) {\n            this.quickSort(nums, left, pivot - 1); // \u9012\u5f52\u6392\u5e8f\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n            left = pivot + 1; // \u5269\u4f59\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [pivot + 1, right]\n        } else {\n            this.quickSort(nums, pivot + 1, right); // \u9012\u5f52\u6392\u5e8f\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n            right = pivot - 1; // \u5269\u4f59\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [left, pivot - 1]\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    quick_sort.dart
    /* \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u5c3e\u9012\u5f52\u4f18\u5316\uff09 */\nvoid quickSort(List<int> nums, int left, int right) {\n  // \u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\n  while (left < right) {\n    // \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u64cd\u4f5c\n    int pivot = _partition(nums, left, right);\n    // \u5bf9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u8f83\u77ed\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u6267\u884c\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\n    if (pivot - left < right - pivot) {\n      quickSort(nums, left, pivot - 1); // \u9012\u5f52\u6392\u5e8f\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n      left = pivot + 1; // \u5269\u4f59\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [pivot + 1, right]\n    } else {\n      quickSort(nums, pivot + 1, right); // \u9012\u5f52\u6392\u5e8f\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n      right = pivot - 1; // \u5269\u4f59\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [left, pivot - 1]\n    }\n  }\n}\n
    quick_sort.rs
    /* \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u5c3e\u9012\u5f52\u4f18\u5316\uff09 */\npub fn quick_sort(mut left: i32, mut right: i32, nums: &mut [i32]) {\n    // \u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\n    while left < right {\n        // \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u64cd\u4f5c\n        let pivot = Self::partition(nums, left as usize, right as usize) as i32;\n        // \u5bf9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u8f83\u77ed\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u6267\u884c\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\n        if  pivot - left < right - pivot {\n            Self::quick_sort(left, pivot - 1, nums);  // \u9012\u5f52\u6392\u5e8f\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n            left = pivot + 1;  // \u5269\u4f59\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [pivot + 1, right]\n        } else {\n            Self::quick_sort(pivot + 1, right, nums); // \u9012\u5f52\u6392\u5e8f\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n            right = pivot - 1; // \u5269\u4f59\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [left, pivot - 1]\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    quick_sort.c
    /* \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u7c7b\uff08\u5c3e\u9012\u5f52\u4f18\u5316\uff09 */\n// \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u5c3e\u9012\u5f52\u4f18\u5316\uff09\nvoid quickSortTailCall(int nums[], int left, int right) {\n    // \u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\n    while (left < right) {\n        // \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u64cd\u4f5c\n        int pivot = partition(nums, left, right);\n        // \u5bf9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u8f83\u77ed\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u6267\u884c\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\n        if (pivot - left < right - pivot) {\n            quickSortTailCall(nums, left, pivot - 1); // \u9012\u5f52\u6392\u5e8f\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n            left = pivot + 1;                         // \u5269\u4f59\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [pivot + 1, right]\n        } else {\n            quickSortTailCall(nums, pivot + 1, right); // \u9012\u5f52\u6392\u5e8f\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n            right = pivot - 1;                         // \u5269\u4f59\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [left, pivot - 1]\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    quick_sort.zig
    // \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u5c3e\u9012\u5f52\u4f18\u5316\uff09\nfn quickSort(nums: []i32, left_: usize, right_: usize) void {\n    var left = left_;\n    var right = right_;\n    // \u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\u9012\u5f52\n    while (left < right) {\n        // \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u64cd\u4f5c\n        var pivot = partition(nums, left, right);\n        // \u5bf9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u8f83\u77ed\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u6267\u884c\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\n        if (pivot - left < right - pivot) {\n            quickSort(nums, left, pivot - 1);   // \u9012\u5f52\u6392\u5e8f\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n            left = pivot + 1;                   // \u5269\u4f59\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [pivot + 1, right]\n        } else {\n            quickSort(nums, pivot + 1, right);  // \u9012\u5f52\u6392\u5e8f\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n            right = pivot - 1;                  // \u5269\u4f59\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [left, pivot - 1]\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_sorting/radix_sort/","title":"11.10 \u00a0 \u57fa\u6570\u6392\u5e8f","text":"

    \u4e0a\u4e00\u8282\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u5b83\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u91cf \\(n\\) \u8f83\u5927\u4f46\u6570\u636e\u8303\u56f4 \\(m\\) \u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5bf9 \\(n = 10^6\\) \u4e2a\u5b66\u53f7\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u800c\u5b66\u53f7\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a \\(8\\) \u4f4d\u6570\u5b57\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6570\u636e\u8303\u56f4 \\(m = 10^8\\) \u975e\u5e38\u5927\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u9700\u8981\u5206\u914d\u5927\u91cf\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u800c\u57fa\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u3002

    \u300c\u57fa\u6570\u6392\u5e8f radix sort\u300d\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u601d\u60f3\u4e0e\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u4e5f\u901a\u8fc7\u7edf\u8ba1\u4e2a\u6570\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u6392\u5e8f\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u57fa\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u5229\u7528\u6570\u5b57\u5404\u4f4d\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u9012\u8fdb\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4f9d\u6b21\u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e00\u4f4d\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f97\u5230\u6700\u7ec8\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u7ed3\u679c\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_sorting/radix_sort/#11101","title":"11.10.1 \u00a0 \u7b97\u6cd5\u6d41\u7a0b","text":"

    \u4ee5\u5b66\u53f7\u6570\u636e\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u5047\u8bbe\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u6700\u4f4e\u4f4d\u662f\u7b2c \\(1\\) \u4f4d\uff0c\u6700\u9ad8\u4f4d\u662f\u7b2c \\(8\\) \u4f4d\uff0c\u57fa\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u6d41\u7a0b\u5982\u56fe 11-18 \u6240\u793a\u3002

    1. \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4f4d\u6570 \\(k = 1\\) \u3002
    2. \u5bf9\u5b66\u53f7\u7684\u7b2c \\(k\\) \u4f4d\u6267\u884c\u201c\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u201d\u3002\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u4f1a\u6839\u636e\u7b2c \\(k\\) \u4f4d\u4ece\u5c0f\u5230\u5927\u6392\u5e8f\u3002
    3. \u5c06 \\(k\\) \u589e\u52a0 \\(1\\) \uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8fd4\u56de\u6b65\u9aa4 2. \u7ee7\u7eed\u8fed\u4ee3\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u6240\u6709\u4f4d\u90fd\u6392\u5e8f\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\u7ed3\u675f\u3002

    \u56fe 11-18 \u00a0 \u57fa\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u6d41\u7a0b

    \u4e0b\u9762\u5256\u6790\u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a \\(d\\) \u8fdb\u5236\u7684\u6570\u5b57 \\(x\\) \uff0c\u8981\u83b7\u53d6\u5176\u7b2c \\(k\\) \u4f4d \\(x_k\\) \uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8ba1\u7b97\u516c\u5f0f\uff1a

    \\[ x_k = \\lfloor\\frac{x}{d^{k-1}}\\rfloor \\bmod d \\]

    \u5176\u4e2d \\(\\lfloor a \\rfloor\\) \u8868\u793a\u5bf9\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570 \\(a\\) \u5411\u4e0b\u53d6\u6574\uff0c\u800c \\(\\bmod \\: d\\) \u8868\u793a\u5bf9 \\(d\\) \u53d6\u6a21\uff08\u53d6\u4f59\uff09\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5b66\u53f7\u6570\u636e\uff0c\\(d = 10\\) \u4e14 \\(k \\in [1, 8]\\) \u3002

    \u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5c0f\u5e45\u6539\u52a8\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u4f7f\u4e4b\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u7b2c \\(k\\) \u4f4d\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig radix_sort.py
    def digit(num: int, exp: int) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u83b7\u53d6\u5143\u7d20 num \u7684\u7b2c k \u4f4d\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d exp = 10^(k-1)\"\"\"\n    # \u4f20\u5165 exp \u800c\u975e k \u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u5728\u6b64\u91cd\u590d\u6267\u884c\u6602\u8d35\u7684\u6b21\u65b9\u8ba1\u7b97\n    return (num // exp) % 10\n\ndef counting_sort_digit(nums: list[int], exp: int):\n    \"\"\"\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u6839\u636e nums \u7b2c k \u4f4d\u6392\u5e8f\uff09\"\"\"\n    # \u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u7684\u4f4d\u8303\u56f4\u4e3a 0~9 \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 10 \u7684\u6876\u6570\u7ec4\n    counter = [0] * 10\n    n = len(nums)\n    # \u7edf\u8ba1 0~9 \u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n    for i in range(n):\n        d = digit(nums[i], exp)  # \u83b7\u53d6 nums[i] \u7b2c k \u4f4d\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a d\n        counter[d] += 1  # \u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u5b57 d \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n    # \u6c42\u524d\u7f00\u548c\uff0c\u5c06\u201c\u51fa\u73b0\u4e2a\u6570\u201d\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u201c\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\n    for i in range(1, 10):\n        counter[i] += counter[i - 1]\n    # \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u6876\u5185\u7edf\u8ba1\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165 res\n    res = [0] * n\n    for i in range(n - 1, -1, -1):\n        d = digit(nums[i], exp)\n        j = counter[d] - 1  # \u83b7\u53d6 d \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 j\n        res[j] = nums[i]  # \u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165\u7d22\u5f15 j\n        counter[d] -= 1  # \u5c06 d \u7684\u6570\u91cf\u51cf 1\n    # \u4f7f\u7528\u7ed3\u679c\u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums\n    for i in range(n):\n        nums[i] = res[i]\n\ndef radix_sort(nums: list[int]):\n    \"\"\"\u57fa\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\"\"\"\n    # \u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5224\u65ad\u6700\u5927\u4f4d\u6570\n    m = max(nums)\n    # \u6309\u7167\u4ece\u4f4e\u4f4d\u5230\u9ad8\u4f4d\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\n    exp = 1\n    while exp <= m:\n        # \u5bf9\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7b2c k \u4f4d\u6267\u884c\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\n        # k = 1 -> exp = 1\n        # k = 2 -> exp = 10\n        # \u5373 exp = 10^(k-1)\n        counting_sort_digit(nums, exp)\n        exp *= 10\n
    radix_sort.cpp
    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u5143\u7d20 num \u7684\u7b2c k \u4f4d\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d exp = 10^(k-1) */\nint digit(int num, int exp) {\n    // \u4f20\u5165 exp \u800c\u975e k \u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u5728\u6b64\u91cd\u590d\u6267\u884c\u6602\u8d35\u7684\u6b21\u65b9\u8ba1\u7b97\n    return (num / exp) % 10;\n}\n\n/* \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u6839\u636e nums \u7b2c k \u4f4d\u6392\u5e8f\uff09 */\nvoid countingSortDigit(vector<int> &nums, int exp) {\n    // \u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u7684\u4f4d\u8303\u56f4\u4e3a 0~9 \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 10 \u7684\u6876\u6570\u7ec4\n    vector<int> counter(10, 0);\n    int n = nums.size();\n    // \u7edf\u8ba1 0~9 \u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        int d = digit(nums[i], exp); // \u83b7\u53d6 nums[i] \u7b2c k \u4f4d\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a d\n        counter[d]++;                // \u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u5b57 d \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n    }\n    // \u6c42\u524d\u7f00\u548c\uff0c\u5c06\u201c\u51fa\u73b0\u4e2a\u6570\u201d\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u201c\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\n    for (int i = 1; i < 10; i++) {\n        counter[i] += counter[i - 1];\n    }\n    // \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u6876\u5185\u7edf\u8ba1\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165 res\n    vector<int> res(n, 0);\n    for (int i = n - 1; i >= 0; i--) {\n        int d = digit(nums[i], exp);\n        int j = counter[d] - 1; // \u83b7\u53d6 d \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 j\n        res[j] = nums[i];       // \u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165\u7d22\u5f15 j\n        counter[d]--;           // \u5c06 d \u7684\u6570\u91cf\u51cf 1\n    }\n    // \u4f7f\u7528\u7ed3\u679c\u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)\n        nums[i] = res[i];\n}\n\n/* \u57fa\u6570\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid radixSort(vector<int> &nums) {\n    // \u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5224\u65ad\u6700\u5927\u4f4d\u6570\n    int m = *max_element(nums.begin(), nums.end());\n    // \u6309\u7167\u4ece\u4f4e\u4f4d\u5230\u9ad8\u4f4d\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\n    for (int exp = 1; exp <= m; exp *= 10)\n        // \u5bf9\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7b2c k \u4f4d\u6267\u884c\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\n        // k = 1 -> exp = 1\n        // k = 2 -> exp = 10\n        // \u5373 exp = 10^(k-1)\n        countingSortDigit(nums, exp);\n}\n
    radix_sort.java
    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u5143\u7d20 num \u7684\u7b2c k \u4f4d\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d exp = 10^(k-1) */\nint digit(int num, int exp) {\n    // \u4f20\u5165 exp \u800c\u975e k \u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u5728\u6b64\u91cd\u590d\u6267\u884c\u6602\u8d35\u7684\u6b21\u65b9\u8ba1\u7b97\n    return (num / exp) % 10;\n}\n\n/* \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u6839\u636e nums \u7b2c k \u4f4d\u6392\u5e8f\uff09 */\nvoid countingSortDigit(int[] nums, int exp) {\n    // \u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u7684\u4f4d\u8303\u56f4\u4e3a 0~9 \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 10 \u7684\u6876\u6570\u7ec4\n    int[] counter = new int[10];\n    int n = nums.length;\n    // \u7edf\u8ba1 0~9 \u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        int d = digit(nums[i], exp); // \u83b7\u53d6 nums[i] \u7b2c k \u4f4d\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a d\n        counter[d]++;                // \u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u5b57 d \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n    }\n    // \u6c42\u524d\u7f00\u548c\uff0c\u5c06\u201c\u51fa\u73b0\u4e2a\u6570\u201d\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u201c\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\n    for (int i = 1; i < 10; i++) {\n        counter[i] += counter[i - 1];\n    }\n    // \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u6876\u5185\u7edf\u8ba1\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165 res\n    int[] res = new int[n];\n    for (int i = n - 1; i >= 0; i--) {\n        int d = digit(nums[i], exp);\n        int j = counter[d] - 1; // \u83b7\u53d6 d \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 j\n        res[j] = nums[i];       // \u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165\u7d22\u5f15 j\n        counter[d]--;           // \u5c06 d \u7684\u6570\u91cf\u51cf 1\n    }\n    // \u4f7f\u7528\u7ed3\u679c\u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)\n        nums[i] = res[i];\n}\n\n/* \u57fa\u6570\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid radixSort(int[] nums) {\n    // \u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5224\u65ad\u6700\u5927\u4f4d\u6570\n    int m = Integer.MIN_VALUE;\n    for (int num : nums)\n        if (num > m)\n            m = num;\n    // \u6309\u7167\u4ece\u4f4e\u4f4d\u5230\u9ad8\u4f4d\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\n    for (int exp = 1; exp <= m; exp *= 10)\n        // \u5bf9\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7b2c k \u4f4d\u6267\u884c\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\n        // k = 1 -> exp = 1\n        // k = 2 -> exp = 10\n        // \u5373 exp = 10^(k-1)\n        countingSortDigit(nums, exp);\n}\n
    radix_sort.cs
    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u5143\u7d20 num \u7684\u7b2c k \u4f4d\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d exp = 10^(k-1) */\nint Digit(int num, int exp) {\n    // \u4f20\u5165 exp \u800c\u975e k \u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u5728\u6b64\u91cd\u590d\u6267\u884c\u6602\u8d35\u7684\u6b21\u65b9\u8ba1\u7b97\n    return (num / exp) % 10;\n}\n\n/* \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u6839\u636e nums \u7b2c k \u4f4d\u6392\u5e8f\uff09 */\nvoid CountingSortDigit(int[] nums, int exp) {\n    // \u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u7684\u4f4d\u8303\u56f4\u4e3a 0~9 \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 10 \u7684\u6876\u6570\u7ec4\n    int[] counter = new int[10];\n    int n = nums.Length;\n    // \u7edf\u8ba1 0~9 \u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        int d = Digit(nums[i], exp); // \u83b7\u53d6 nums[i] \u7b2c k \u4f4d\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a d\n        counter[d]++;                // \u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u5b57 d \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n    }\n    // \u6c42\u524d\u7f00\u548c\uff0c\u5c06\u201c\u51fa\u73b0\u4e2a\u6570\u201d\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u201c\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\n    for (int i = 1; i < 10; i++) {\n        counter[i] += counter[i - 1];\n    }\n    // \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u6876\u5185\u7edf\u8ba1\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165 res\n    int[] res = new int[n];\n    for (int i = n - 1; i >= 0; i--) {\n        int d = Digit(nums[i], exp);\n        int j = counter[d] - 1; // \u83b7\u53d6 d \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 j\n        res[j] = nums[i];       // \u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165\u7d22\u5f15 j\n        counter[d]--;           // \u5c06 d \u7684\u6570\u91cf\u51cf 1\n    }\n    // \u4f7f\u7528\u7ed3\u679c\u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        nums[i] = res[i];\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u57fa\u6570\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid RadixSort(int[] nums) {\n    // \u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5224\u65ad\u6700\u5927\u4f4d\u6570\n    int m = int.MinValue;\n    foreach (int num in nums) {\n        if (num > m) m = num;\n    }\n    // \u6309\u7167\u4ece\u4f4e\u4f4d\u5230\u9ad8\u4f4d\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\n    for (int exp = 1; exp <= m; exp *= 10) {\n        // \u5bf9\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7b2c k \u4f4d\u6267\u884c\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\n        // k = 1 -> exp = 1\n        // k = 2 -> exp = 10\n        // \u5373 exp = 10^(k-1)\n        CountingSortDigit(nums, exp);\n    }\n}\n
    radix_sort.go
    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u5143\u7d20 num \u7684\u7b2c k \u4f4d\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d exp = 10^(k-1) */\nfunc digit(num, exp int) int {\n    // \u4f20\u5165 exp \u800c\u975e k \u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u5728\u6b64\u91cd\u590d\u6267\u884c\u6602\u8d35\u7684\u6b21\u65b9\u8ba1\u7b97\n    return (num / exp) % 10\n}\n\n/* \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u6839\u636e nums \u7b2c k \u4f4d\u6392\u5e8f\uff09 */\nfunc countingSortDigit(nums []int, exp int) {\n    // \u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u7684\u4f4d\u8303\u56f4\u4e3a 0~9 \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 10 \u7684\u6876\u6570\u7ec4\n    counter := make([]int, 10)\n    n := len(nums)\n    // \u7edf\u8ba1 0~9 \u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n    for i := 0; i < n; i++ {\n        d := digit(nums[i], exp) // \u83b7\u53d6 nums[i] \u7b2c k \u4f4d\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a d\n        counter[d]++             // \u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u5b57 d \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n    }\n    // \u6c42\u524d\u7f00\u548c\uff0c\u5c06\u201c\u51fa\u73b0\u4e2a\u6570\u201d\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u201c\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\n    for i := 1; i < 10; i++ {\n        counter[i] += counter[i-1]\n    }\n    // \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u6876\u5185\u7edf\u8ba1\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165 res\n    res := make([]int, n)\n    for i := n - 1; i >= 0; i-- {\n        d := digit(nums[i], exp)\n        j := counter[d] - 1 // \u83b7\u53d6 d \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 j\n        res[j] = nums[i]    // \u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165\u7d22\u5f15 j\n        counter[d]--        // \u5c06 d \u7684\u6570\u91cf\u51cf 1\n    }\n    // \u4f7f\u7528\u7ed3\u679c\u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums\n    for i := 0; i < n; i++ {\n        nums[i] = res[i]\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u57fa\u6570\u6392\u5e8f */\nfunc radixSort(nums []int) {\n    // \u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5224\u65ad\u6700\u5927\u4f4d\u6570\n    max := math.MinInt\n    for _, num := range nums {\n        if num > max {\n            max = num\n        }\n    }\n    // \u6309\u7167\u4ece\u4f4e\u4f4d\u5230\u9ad8\u4f4d\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\n    for exp := 1; max >= exp; exp *= 10 {\n        // \u5bf9\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7b2c k \u4f4d\u6267\u884c\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\n        // k = 1 -> exp = 1\n        // k = 2 -> exp = 10\n        // \u5373 exp = 10^(k-1)\n        countingSortDigit(nums, exp)\n    }\n}\n
    radix_sort.swift
    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u5143\u7d20 num \u7684\u7b2c k \u4f4d\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d exp = 10^(k-1) */\nfunc digit(num: Int, exp: Int) -> Int {\n    // \u4f20\u5165 exp \u800c\u975e k \u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u5728\u6b64\u91cd\u590d\u6267\u884c\u6602\u8d35\u7684\u6b21\u65b9\u8ba1\u7b97\n    (num / exp) % 10\n}\n\n/* \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u6839\u636e nums \u7b2c k \u4f4d\u6392\u5e8f\uff09 */\nfunc countingSortDigit(nums: inout [Int], exp: Int) {\n    // \u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u7684\u4f4d\u8303\u56f4\u4e3a 0~9 \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 10 \u7684\u6876\u6570\u7ec4\n    var counter = Array(repeating: 0, count: 10)\n    let n = nums.count\n    // \u7edf\u8ba1 0~9 \u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n    for i in nums.indices {\n        let d = digit(num: nums[i], exp: exp) // \u83b7\u53d6 nums[i] \u7b2c k \u4f4d\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a d\n        counter[d] += 1 // \u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u5b57 d \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n    }\n    // \u6c42\u524d\u7f00\u548c\uff0c\u5c06\u201c\u51fa\u73b0\u4e2a\u6570\u201d\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u201c\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\n    for i in 1 ..< 10 {\n        counter[i] += counter[i - 1]\n    }\n    // \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u6876\u5185\u7edf\u8ba1\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165 res\n    var res = Array(repeating: 0, count: n)\n    for i in stride(from: n - 1, through: 0, by: -1) {\n        let d = digit(num: nums[i], exp: exp)\n        let j = counter[d] - 1 // \u83b7\u53d6 d \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 j\n        res[j] = nums[i] // \u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165\u7d22\u5f15 j\n        counter[d] -= 1 // \u5c06 d \u7684\u6570\u91cf\u51cf 1\n    }\n    // \u4f7f\u7528\u7ed3\u679c\u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums\n    for i in nums.indices {\n        nums[i] = res[i]\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u57fa\u6570\u6392\u5e8f */\nfunc radixSort(nums: inout [Int]) {\n    // \u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5224\u65ad\u6700\u5927\u4f4d\u6570\n    var m = Int.min\n    for num in nums {\n        if num > m {\n            m = num\n        }\n    }\n    // \u6309\u7167\u4ece\u4f4e\u4f4d\u5230\u9ad8\u4f4d\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\n    for exp in sequence(first: 1, next: { m >= ($0 * 10) ? $0 * 10 : nil }) {\n        // \u5bf9\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7b2c k \u4f4d\u6267\u884c\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\n        // k = 1 -> exp = 1\n        // k = 2 -> exp = 10\n        // \u5373 exp = 10^(k-1)\n        countingSortDigit(nums: &nums, exp: exp)\n    }\n}\n
    radix_sort.js
    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u5143\u7d20 num \u7684\u7b2c k \u4f4d\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d exp = 10^(k-1) */\nfunction digit(num, exp) {\n    // \u4f20\u5165 exp \u800c\u975e k \u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u5728\u6b64\u91cd\u590d\u6267\u884c\u6602\u8d35\u7684\u6b21\u65b9\u8ba1\u7b97\n    return Math.floor(num / exp) % 10;\n}\n\n/* \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u6839\u636e nums \u7b2c k \u4f4d\u6392\u5e8f\uff09 */\nfunction countingSortDigit(nums, exp) {\n    // \u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u7684\u4f4d\u8303\u56f4\u4e3a 0~9 \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 10 \u7684\u6876\u6570\u7ec4\n    const counter = new Array(10).fill(0);\n    const n = nums.length;\n    // \u7edf\u8ba1 0~9 \u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n    for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        const d = digit(nums[i], exp); // \u83b7\u53d6 nums[i] \u7b2c k \u4f4d\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a d\n        counter[d]++; // \u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u5b57 d \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n    }\n    // \u6c42\u524d\u7f00\u548c\uff0c\u5c06\u201c\u51fa\u73b0\u4e2a\u6570\u201d\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u201c\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\n    for (let i = 1; i < 10; i++) {\n        counter[i] += counter[i - 1];\n    }\n    // \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u6876\u5185\u7edf\u8ba1\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165 res\n    const res = new Array(n).fill(0);\n    for (let i = n - 1; i >= 0; i--) {\n        const d = digit(nums[i], exp);\n        const j = counter[d] - 1; // \u83b7\u53d6 d \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 j\n        res[j] = nums[i]; // \u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165\u7d22\u5f15 j\n        counter[d]--; // \u5c06 d \u7684\u6570\u91cf\u51cf 1\n    }\n    // \u4f7f\u7528\u7ed3\u679c\u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums\n    for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        nums[i] = res[i];\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u57fa\u6570\u6392\u5e8f */\nfunction radixSort(nums) {\n    // \u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5224\u65ad\u6700\u5927\u4f4d\u6570\n    let m = Number.MIN_VALUE;\n    for (const num of nums) {\n        if (num > m) {\n            m = num;\n        }\n    }\n    // \u6309\u7167\u4ece\u4f4e\u4f4d\u5230\u9ad8\u4f4d\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\n    for (let exp = 1; exp <= m; exp *= 10) {\n        // \u5bf9\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7b2c k \u4f4d\u6267\u884c\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\n        // k = 1 -> exp = 1\n        // k = 2 -> exp = 10\n        // \u5373 exp = 10^(k-1)\n        countingSortDigit(nums, exp);\n    }\n}\n
    radix_sort.ts
    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u5143\u7d20 num \u7684\u7b2c k \u4f4d\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d exp = 10^(k-1) */\nfunction digit(num: number, exp: number): number {\n    // \u4f20\u5165 exp \u800c\u975e k \u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u5728\u6b64\u91cd\u590d\u6267\u884c\u6602\u8d35\u7684\u6b21\u65b9\u8ba1\u7b97\n    return Math.floor(num / exp) % 10;\n}\n\n/* \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u6839\u636e nums \u7b2c k \u4f4d\u6392\u5e8f\uff09 */\nfunction countingSortDigit(nums: number[], exp: number): void {\n    // \u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u7684\u4f4d\u8303\u56f4\u4e3a 0~9 \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 10 \u7684\u6876\u6570\u7ec4\n    const counter = new Array(10).fill(0);\n    const n = nums.length;\n    // \u7edf\u8ba1 0~9 \u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n    for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        const d = digit(nums[i], exp); // \u83b7\u53d6 nums[i] \u7b2c k \u4f4d\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a d\n        counter[d]++; // \u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u5b57 d \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n    }\n    // \u6c42\u524d\u7f00\u548c\uff0c\u5c06\u201c\u51fa\u73b0\u4e2a\u6570\u201d\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u201c\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\n    for (let i = 1; i < 10; i++) {\n        counter[i] += counter[i - 1];\n    }\n    // \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u6876\u5185\u7edf\u8ba1\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165 res\n    const res = new Array(n).fill(0);\n    for (let i = n - 1; i >= 0; i--) {\n        const d = digit(nums[i], exp);\n        const j = counter[d] - 1; // \u83b7\u53d6 d \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 j\n        res[j] = nums[i]; // \u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165\u7d22\u5f15 j\n        counter[d]--; // \u5c06 d \u7684\u6570\u91cf\u51cf 1\n    }\n    // \u4f7f\u7528\u7ed3\u679c\u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums\n    for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        nums[i] = res[i];\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u57fa\u6570\u6392\u5e8f */\nfunction radixSort(nums: number[]): void {\n    // \u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5224\u65ad\u6700\u5927\u4f4d\u6570\n    let m = Number.MIN_VALUE;\n    for (const num of nums) {\n        if (num > m) {\n            m = num;\n        }\n    }\n    // \u6309\u7167\u4ece\u4f4e\u4f4d\u5230\u9ad8\u4f4d\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\n    for (let exp = 1; exp <= m; exp *= 10) {\n        // \u5bf9\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7b2c k \u4f4d\u6267\u884c\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\n        // k = 1 -> exp = 1\n        // k = 2 -> exp = 10\n        // \u5373 exp = 10^(k-1)\n        countingSortDigit(nums, exp);\n    }\n}\n
    radix_sort.dart
    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u5143\u7d20 _num \u7684\u7b2c k \u4f4d\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d exp = 10^(k-1) */\nint digit(int _num, int exp) {\n  // \u4f20\u5165 exp \u800c\u975e k \u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u5728\u6b64\u91cd\u590d\u6267\u884c\u6602\u8d35\u7684\u6b21\u65b9\u8ba1\u7b97\n  return (_num ~/ exp) % 10;\n}\n\n/* \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u6839\u636e nums \u7b2c k \u4f4d\u6392\u5e8f\uff09 */\nvoid countingSortDigit(List<int> nums, int exp) {\n  // \u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u7684\u4f4d\u8303\u56f4\u4e3a 0~9 \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 10 \u7684\u6876\u6570\u7ec4\n  List<int> counter = List<int>.filled(10, 0);\n  int n = nums.length;\n  // \u7edf\u8ba1 0~9 \u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n    int d = digit(nums[i], exp); // \u83b7\u53d6 nums[i] \u7b2c k \u4f4d\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a d\n    counter[d]++; // \u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u5b57 d \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n  }\n  // \u6c42\u524d\u7f00\u548c\uff0c\u5c06\u201c\u51fa\u73b0\u4e2a\u6570\u201d\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u201c\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\n  for (int i = 1; i < 10; i++) {\n    counter[i] += counter[i - 1];\n  }\n  // \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u6876\u5185\u7edf\u8ba1\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165 res\n  List<int> res = List<int>.filled(n, 0);\n  for (int i = n - 1; i >= 0; i--) {\n    int d = digit(nums[i], exp);\n    int j = counter[d] - 1; // \u83b7\u53d6 d \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 j\n    res[j] = nums[i]; // \u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165\u7d22\u5f15 j\n    counter[d]--; // \u5c06 d \u7684\u6570\u91cf\u51cf 1\n  }\n  // \u4f7f\u7528\u7ed3\u679c\u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums\n  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) nums[i] = res[i];\n}\n\n/* \u57fa\u6570\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid radixSort(List<int> nums) {\n  // \u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5224\u65ad\u6700\u5927\u4f4d\u6570\n  // dart \u4e2d int \u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u662f 64 \u4f4d\u7684\n  int m = -1 << 63;\n  for (int _num in nums) if (_num > m) m = _num;\n  // \u6309\u7167\u4ece\u4f4e\u4f4d\u5230\u9ad8\u4f4d\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\n  for (int exp = 1; exp <= m; exp *= 10)\n    // \u5bf9\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7b2c k \u4f4d\u6267\u884c\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\n    // k = 1 -> exp = 1\n    // k = 2 -> exp = 10\n    // \u5373 exp = 10^(k-1)\n    countingSortDigit(nums, exp);\n}\n
    radix_sort.rs
    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u5143\u7d20 num \u7684\u7b2c k \u4f4d\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d exp = 10^(k-1) */\nfn digit(num: i32, exp: i32) -> usize {\n    // \u4f20\u5165 exp \u800c\u975e k \u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u5728\u6b64\u91cd\u590d\u6267\u884c\u6602\u8d35\u7684\u6b21\u65b9\u8ba1\u7b97\n    return ((num / exp) % 10) as usize;\n}\n\n/* \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u6839\u636e nums \u7b2c k \u4f4d\u6392\u5e8f\uff09 */\nfn counting_sort_digit(nums: &mut [i32], exp: i32) {\n    // \u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u7684\u4f4d\u8303\u56f4\u4e3a 0~9 \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 10 \u7684\u6876\u6570\u7ec4\n    let mut counter = [0; 10];\n    let n = nums.len();\n    // \u7edf\u8ba1 0~9 \u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n    for i in 0..n {\n        let d = digit(nums[i], exp); // \u83b7\u53d6 nums[i] \u7b2c k \u4f4d\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a d\n        counter[d] += 1; // \u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u5b57 d \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n    }\n    // \u6c42\u524d\u7f00\u548c\uff0c\u5c06\u201c\u51fa\u73b0\u4e2a\u6570\u201d\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u201c\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\n    for i in 1..10 {\n        counter[i] += counter[i - 1];\n    }\n    // \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u6876\u5185\u7edf\u8ba1\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165 res\n    let mut res = vec![0; n];\n    for i in (0..n).rev() {\n        let d = digit(nums[i], exp);\n        let j = counter[d] - 1; // \u83b7\u53d6 d \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 j\n        res[j] = nums[i]; // \u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165\u7d22\u5f15 j\n        counter[d] -= 1; // \u5c06 d \u7684\u6570\u91cf\u51cf 1\n    }\n    // \u4f7f\u7528\u7ed3\u679c\u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums\n    for i in 0..n {\n        nums[i] = res[i];\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u57fa\u6570\u6392\u5e8f */\nfn radix_sort(nums: &mut [i32]) {\n    // \u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5224\u65ad\u6700\u5927\u4f4d\u6570\n    let m = *nums.into_iter().max().unwrap();\n    // \u6309\u7167\u4ece\u4f4e\u4f4d\u5230\u9ad8\u4f4d\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\n    let mut exp = 1;\n    while exp <= m {\n        counting_sort_digit(nums, exp);\n        exp *= 10;\n    }\n}\n
    radix_sort.c
    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u5143\u7d20 num \u7684\u7b2c k \u4f4d\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d exp = 10^(k-1) */\nint digit(int num, int exp) {\n    // \u4f20\u5165 exp \u800c\u975e k \u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u5728\u6b64\u91cd\u590d\u6267\u884c\u6602\u8d35\u7684\u6b21\u65b9\u8ba1\u7b97\n    return (num / exp) % 10;\n}\n\n/* \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u6839\u636e nums \u7b2c k \u4f4d\u6392\u5e8f\uff09 */\nvoid countingSortDigit(int nums[], int size, int exp) {\n    // \u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u7684\u4f4d\u8303\u56f4\u4e3a 0~9 \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 10 \u7684\u6876\u6570\u7ec4\n    int *counter = (int *)malloc((sizeof(int) * 10));\n    // \u7edf\u8ba1 0~9 \u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n    for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {\n        // \u83b7\u53d6 nums[i] \u7b2c k \u4f4d\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a d\n        int d = digit(nums[i], exp);\n        // \u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u5b57 d \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n        counter[d]++;\n    }\n    // \u6c42\u524d\u7f00\u548c\uff0c\u5c06\u201c\u51fa\u73b0\u4e2a\u6570\u201d\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u201c\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\n    for (int i = 1; i < 10; i++) {\n        counter[i] += counter[i - 1];\n    }\n    // \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u6876\u5185\u7edf\u8ba1\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165 res\n    int *res = (int *)malloc(sizeof(int) * size);\n    for (int i = size - 1; i >= 0; i--) {\n        int d = digit(nums[i], exp);\n        int j = counter[d] - 1; // \u83b7\u53d6 d \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 j\n        res[j] = nums[i];       // \u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165\u7d22\u5f15 j\n        counter[d]--;           // \u5c06 d \u7684\u6570\u91cf\u51cf 1\n    }\n    // \u4f7f\u7528\u7ed3\u679c\u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums\n    for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {\n        nums[i] = res[i];\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u57fa\u6570\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid radixSort(int nums[], int size) {\n    // \u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5224\u65ad\u6700\u5927\u4f4d\u6570\n    int max = INT32_MIN;\n    for (size_t i = 0; i < size - 1; i++) {\n        if (nums[i] > max) {\n            max = nums[i];\n        }\n    }\n    // \u6309\u7167\u4ece\u4f4e\u4f4d\u5230\u9ad8\u4f4d\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\n    for (int exp = 1; max >= exp; exp *= 10)\n        // \u5bf9\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7b2c k \u4f4d\u6267\u884c\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\n        // k = 1 -> exp = 1\n        // k = 2 -> exp = 10\n        // \u5373 exp = 10^(k-1)\n        countingSortDigit(nums, size, exp);\n}\n
    radix_sort.zig
    // \u83b7\u53d6\u5143\u7d20 num \u7684\u7b2c k \u4f4d\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d exp = 10^(k-1)\nfn digit(num: i32, exp: i32) i32 {\n    // \u4f20\u5165 exp \u800c\u975e k \u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u5728\u6b64\u91cd\u590d\u6267\u884c\u6602\u8d35\u7684\u6b21\u65b9\u8ba1\u7b97\n    return @mod(@divFloor(num, exp), 10);\n}\n\n// \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u6839\u636e nums \u7b2c k \u4f4d\u6392\u5e8f\uff09\nfn countingSortDigit(nums: []i32, exp: i32) !void {\n    // \u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u7684\u4f4d\u8303\u56f4\u4e3a 0~9 \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 10 \u7684\u6876\u6570\u7ec4\n    var mem_arena = std.heap.ArenaAllocator.init(std.heap.page_allocator);\n    // defer mem_arena.deinit();\n    const mem_allocator = mem_arena.allocator();\n    var counter = try mem_allocator.alloc(usize, 10);\n    @memset(counter, 0);\n    var n = nums.len;\n    // \u7edf\u8ba1 0~9 \u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n    for (nums) |num| {\n        var d: u32 = @bitCast(digit(num, exp)); // \u83b7\u53d6 nums[i] \u7b2c k \u4f4d\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a d\n        counter[d] += 1; // \u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u5b57 d \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n    }\n    // \u6c42\u524d\u7f00\u548c\uff0c\u5c06\u201c\u51fa\u73b0\u4e2a\u6570\u201d\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u201c\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\n    var i: usize = 1;\n    while (i < 10) : (i += 1) {\n        counter[i] += counter[i - 1];\n    }\n    // \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u6876\u5185\u7edf\u8ba1\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165 res\n    var res = try mem_allocator.alloc(i32, n);\n    i = n - 1;\n    while (i >= 0) : (i -= 1) {\n        var d: u32 = @bitCast(digit(nums[i], exp));\n        var j = counter[d] - 1; // \u83b7\u53d6 d \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 j\n        res[j] = nums[i];       // \u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165\u7d22\u5f15 j\n        counter[d] -= 1;        // \u5c06 d \u7684\u6570\u91cf\u51cf 1\n        if (i == 0) break;\n    }\n    // \u4f7f\u7528\u7ed3\u679c\u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums\n    i = 0;\n    while (i < n) : (i += 1) {\n        nums[i] = res[i];\n    }\n}\n\n// \u57fa\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\nfn radixSort(nums: []i32) !void {\n    // \u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5224\u65ad\u6700\u5927\u4f4d\u6570\n    var m: i32 = std.math.minInt(i32);\n    for (nums) |num| {\n        if (num > m) m = num;\n    }\n    // \u6309\u7167\u4ece\u4f4e\u4f4d\u5230\u9ad8\u4f4d\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\n    var exp: i32 = 1;\n    while (exp <= m) : (exp *= 10) {\n        // \u5bf9\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7b2c k \u4f4d\u6267\u884c\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\n        // k = 1 -> exp = 1\n        // k = 2 -> exp = 10\n        // \u5373 exp = 10^(k-1)\n        try countingSortDigit(nums, exp);    \n    }\n} \n

    \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4ece\u6700\u4f4e\u4f4d\u5f00\u59cb\u6392\u5e8f\uff1f

    \u5728\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u8f6e\u6b21\u4e2d\uff0c\u540e\u4e00\u8f6e\u6392\u5e8f\u4f1a\u8986\u76d6\u524d\u4e00\u8f6e\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u4e3e\u4f8b\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u7b2c\u4e00\u8f6e\u6392\u5e8f\u7ed3\u679c \\(a < b\\) \uff0c\u800c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8f6e\u6392\u5e8f\u7ed3\u679c \\(a > b\\) \uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8f6e\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u5c06\u53d6\u4ee3\u7b2c\u4e00\u8f6e\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u9ad8\u4f4d\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u9ad8\u4e8e\u4f4e\u4f4d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5e94\u8be5\u5148\u6392\u5e8f\u4f4e\u4f4d\u518d\u6392\u5e8f\u9ad8\u4f4d\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_sorting/radix_sort/#11102","title":"11.10.2 \u00a0 \u7b97\u6cd5\u7279\u6027","text":"

    \u76f8\u8f83\u4e8e\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u57fa\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6570\u503c\u8303\u56f4\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u4f46\u524d\u63d0\u662f\u6570\u636e\u5fc5\u987b\u53ef\u4ee5\u8868\u793a\u4e3a\u56fa\u5b9a\u4f4d\u6570\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e14\u4f4d\u6570\u4e0d\u80fd\u8fc7\u5927\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570\u4e0d\u9002\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u57fa\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5176\u4f4d\u6570 \\(k\\) \u8fc7\u5927\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 \\(O(nk) \\gg O(n^2)\\) \u3002

    • \u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(nk)\\)\uff1a\u8bbe\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u4e3a \\(n\\)\u3001\u6570\u636e\u4e3a \\(d\\) \u8fdb\u5236\u3001\u6700\u5927\u4f4d\u6570\u4e3a \\(k\\) \uff0c\u5219\u5bf9\u67d0\u4e00\u4f4d\u6267\u884c\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(n + d)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u6392\u5e8f\u6240\u6709 \\(k\\) \u4f4d\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O((n + d)k)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\\(d\\) \u548c \\(k\\) \u90fd\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u5c0f\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u8d8b\u5411 \\(O(n)\\) \u3002
    • \u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n + d)\\)\u3001\u975e\u539f\u5730\u6392\u5e8f\uff1a\u4e0e\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u57fa\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u9700\u8981\u501f\u52a9\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(n\\) \u548c \\(d\\) \u7684\u6570\u7ec4 res \u548c counter \u3002
    • \u7a33\u5b9a\u6392\u5e8f\uff1a\u5f53\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u7a33\u5b9a\u65f6\uff0c\u57fa\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u4e5f\u7a33\u5b9a\uff1b\u5f53\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u65f6\uff0c\u57fa\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u65e0\u6cd5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5f97\u5230\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u7ed3\u679c\u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_sorting/selection_sort/","title":"11.2 \u00a0 \u9009\u62e9\u6392\u5e8f","text":"

    \u300c\u9009\u62e9\u6392\u5e8f selection sort\u300d\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u975e\u5e38\u7b80\u5355\uff1a\u5f00\u542f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u6bcf\u8f6e\u4ece\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u9009\u62e9\u6700\u5c0f\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u653e\u5230\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u672b\u5c3e\u3002

    \u8bbe\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(n\\) \uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u6d41\u7a0b\u5982\u56fe 11-2 \u6240\u793a\u3002

    1. \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u5373\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u7d22\u5f15\uff09\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a \\([0, n-1]\\) \u3002
    2. \u9009\u53d6\u533a\u95f4 \\([0, n-1]\\) \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u4e0e\u7d22\u5f15 \\(0\\) \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u3002\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u6570\u7ec4\u524d 1 \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u3002
    3. \u9009\u53d6\u533a\u95f4 \\([1, n-1]\\) \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u4e0e\u7d22\u5f15 \\(1\\) \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u3002\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u6570\u7ec4\u524d 2 \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u3002
    4. \u4ee5\u6b64\u7c7b\u63a8\u3002\u7ecf\u8fc7 \\(n - 1\\) \u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\u4e0e\u4ea4\u6362\u540e\uff0c\u6570\u7ec4\u524d \\(n - 1\\) \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u3002
    5. \u4ec5\u5269\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5fc5\u5b9a\u662f\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u65e0\u987b\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6570\u7ec4\u6392\u5e8f\u5b8c\u6210\u3002
    <1><2><3><4><5><6><7><8><9><10><11>

    \u56fe 11-2 \u00a0 \u9009\u62e9\u6392\u5e8f\u6b65\u9aa4

    \u5728\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7528 \\(k\\) \u6765\u8bb0\u5f55\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u5185\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig selection_sort.py
    def selection_sort(nums: list[int]):\n    \"\"\"\u9009\u62e9\u6392\u5e8f\"\"\"\n    n = len(nums)\n    # \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [i, n-1]\n    for i in range(n - 1):\n        # \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u627e\u5230\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u5185\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\n        k = i\n        for j in range(i + 1, n):\n            if nums[j] < nums[k]:\n                k = j  # \u8bb0\u5f55\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n        # \u5c06\u8be5\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\n        nums[i], nums[k] = nums[k], nums[i]\n
    selection_sort.cpp
    /* \u9009\u62e9\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid selectionSort(vector<int> &nums) {\n    int n = nums.size();\n    // \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [i, n-1]\n    for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) {\n        // \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u627e\u5230\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u5185\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\n        int k = i;\n        for (int j = i + 1; j < n; j++) {\n            if (nums[j] < nums[k])\n                k = j; // \u8bb0\u5f55\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n        }\n        // \u5c06\u8be5\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\n        swap(nums[i], nums[k]);\n    }\n}\n
    selection_sort.java
    /* \u9009\u62e9\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid selectionSort(int[] nums) {\n    int n = nums.length;\n    // \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [i, n-1]\n    for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) {\n        // \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u627e\u5230\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u5185\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\n        int k = i;\n        for (int j = i + 1; j < n; j++) {\n            if (nums[j] < nums[k])\n                k = j; // \u8bb0\u5f55\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n        }\n        // \u5c06\u8be5\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\n        int temp = nums[i];\n        nums[i] = nums[k];\n        nums[k] = temp;\n    }\n}\n
    selection_sort.cs
    /* \u9009\u62e9\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid SelectionSort(int[] nums) {\n    int n = nums.Length;\n    // \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [i, n-1]\n    for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) {\n        // \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u627e\u5230\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u5185\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\n        int k = i;\n        for (int j = i + 1; j < n; j++) {\n            if (nums[j] < nums[k])\n                k = j; // \u8bb0\u5f55\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n        }\n        // \u5c06\u8be5\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\n        (nums[k], nums[i]) = (nums[i], nums[k]);\n    }\n}\n
    selection_sort.go
    /* \u9009\u62e9\u6392\u5e8f */\nfunc selectionSort(nums []int) {\n    n := len(nums)\n    // \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [i, n-1]\n    for i := 0; i < n-1; i++ {\n        // \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u627e\u5230\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u5185\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\n        k := i\n        for j := i + 1; j < n; j++ {\n            if nums[j] < nums[k] {\n                // \u8bb0\u5f55\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n                k = j\n            }\n        }\n        // \u5c06\u8be5\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\n        nums[i], nums[k] = nums[k], nums[i]\n\n    }\n}\n
    selection_sort.swift
    /* \u9009\u62e9\u6392\u5e8f */\nfunc selectionSort(nums: inout [Int]) {\n    // \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [i, n-1]\n    for i in nums.indices.dropLast() {\n        // \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u627e\u5230\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u5185\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\n        var k = i\n        for j in nums.indices.dropFirst(i + 1) {\n            if nums[j] < nums[k] {\n                k = j // \u8bb0\u5f55\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n            }\n        }\n        // \u5c06\u8be5\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\n        nums.swapAt(i, k)\n    }\n}\n
    selection_sort.js
    /* \u9009\u62e9\u6392\u5e8f */\nfunction selectionSort(nums) {\n    let n = nums.length;\n    // \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [i, n-1]\n    for (let i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) {\n        // \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u627e\u5230\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u5185\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\n        let k = i;\n        for (let j = i + 1; j < n; j++) {\n            if (nums[j] < nums[k]) {\n                k = j; // \u8bb0\u5f55\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n            }\n        }\n        // \u5c06\u8be5\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\n        [nums[i], nums[k]] = [nums[k], nums[i]];\n    }\n}\n
    selection_sort.ts
    /* \u9009\u62e9\u6392\u5e8f */\nfunction selectionSort(nums: number[]): void {\n    let n = nums.length;\n    // \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [i, n-1]\n    for (let i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) {\n        // \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u627e\u5230\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u5185\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\n        let k = i;\n        for (let j = i + 1; j < n; j++) {\n            if (nums[j] < nums[k]) {\n                k = j; // \u8bb0\u5f55\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n            }\n        }\n        // \u5c06\u8be5\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\n        [nums[i], nums[k]] = [nums[k], nums[i]];\n    }\n}\n
    selection_sort.dart
    /* \u9009\u62e9\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid selectionSort(List<int> nums) {\n  int n = nums.length;\n  // \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [i, n-1]\n  for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) {\n    // \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u627e\u5230\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u5185\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\n    int k = i;\n    for (int j = i + 1; j < n; j++) {\n      if (nums[j] < nums[k]) k = j; // \u8bb0\u5f55\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n    }\n    // \u5c06\u8be5\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\n    int temp = nums[i];\n    nums[i] = nums[k];\n    nums[k] = temp;\n  }\n}\n
    selection_sort.rs
    /* \u9009\u62e9\u6392\u5e8f */\nfn selection_sort(nums: &mut [i32]) {\n    let n = nums.len();\n    // \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [i, n-1]\n    for i in 0..n-1 {\n        // \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u627e\u5230\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u5185\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\n        let mut k = i;\n        for j in i+1..n {\n            if nums[j] < nums[k] {\n                k = j; // \u8bb0\u5f55\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n            }\n        }\n        // \u5c06\u8be5\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\n        nums.swap(i, k);\n    }\n}\n
    selection_sort.c
    /* \u9009\u62e9\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid selectionSort(int nums[], int n) {\n    // \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [i, n-1]\n    for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) {\n        // \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u627e\u5230\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u5185\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\n        int k = i;\n        for (int j = i + 1; j < n; j++) {\n            if (nums[j] < nums[k])\n                k = j; // \u8bb0\u5f55\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n        }\n        // \u5c06\u8be5\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\n        int temp = nums[i];\n        nums[i] = nums[k];\n        nums[k] = temp;\n    }\n}\n
    selection_sort.zig
    [class]{}-[func]{selectionSort}\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_sorting/selection_sort/#1121","title":"11.2.1 \u00a0 \u7b97\u6cd5\u7279\u6027","text":"
    • \u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n^2)\\)\u3001\u975e\u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u6392\u5e8f\uff1a\u5916\u5faa\u73af\u5171 \\(n - 1\\) \u8f6e\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u8f6e\u7684\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(n\\) \uff0c\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u8f6e\u7684\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(2\\) \uff0c\u5373\u5404\u8f6e\u5916\u5faa\u73af\u5206\u522b\u5305\u542b \\(n\\)\u3001\\(n - 1\\)\u3001\\(\\dots\\)\u3001\\(3\\)\u3001\\(2\\) \u8f6e\u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u6c42\u548c\u4e3a \\(\\frac{(n - 1)(n + 2)}{2}\\) \u3002
    • \u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(1)\\)\u3001\u539f\u5730\u6392\u5e8f\uff1a\u6307\u9488 \\(i\\) \u548c \\(j\\) \u4f7f\u7528\u5e38\u6570\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u989d\u5916\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002
    • \u975e\u7a33\u5b9a\u6392\u5e8f\uff1a\u5982\u56fe 11-3 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5143\u7d20 nums[i] \u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u4e0e\u5176\u76f8\u7b49\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u53f3\u8fb9\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e24\u8005\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u987a\u5e8f\u53d1\u751f\u6539\u53d8\u3002

    \u56fe 11-3 \u00a0 \u9009\u62e9\u6392\u5e8f\u975e\u7a33\u5b9a\u793a\u4f8b

    "},{"location":"chapter_sorting/sorting_algorithm/","title":"11.1 \u00a0 \u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5","text":"

    \u300c\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5 sorting algorithm\u300d\u7528\u4e8e\u5bf9\u4e00\u7ec4\u6570\u636e\u6309\u7167\u7279\u5b9a\u987a\u5e8f\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5217\u3002\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u6709\u7740\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6709\u5e8f\u6570\u636e\u901a\u5e38\u80fd\u591f\u88ab\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548\u5730\u67e5\u627e\u3001\u5206\u6790\u548c\u5904\u7406\u3002

    \u5982\u56fe 11-1 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u6574\u6570\u3001\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570\u3001\u5b57\u7b26\u6216\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7b49\u3002\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u5224\u65ad\u89c4\u5219\u53ef\u6839\u636e\u9700\u6c42\u8bbe\u5b9a\uff0c\u5982\u6570\u5b57\u5927\u5c0f\u3001\u5b57\u7b26 ASCII \u7801\u987a\u5e8f\u6216\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u89c4\u5219\u3002

    \u56fe 11-1 \u00a0 \u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u5224\u65ad\u89c4\u5219\u793a\u4f8b

    "},{"location":"chapter_sorting/sorting_algorithm/#1111","title":"11.1.1 \u00a0 \u8bc4\u4ef7\u7ef4\u5ea6","text":"

    \u8fd0\u884c\u6548\u7387\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u671f\u671b\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5c3d\u91cf\u4f4e\uff0c\u4e14\u603b\u4f53\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u91cf\u8f83\u5c11\uff08\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e2d\u7684\u5e38\u6570\u9879\u53d8\u5c0f\uff09\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5927\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u8fd0\u884c\u6548\u7387\u663e\u5f97\u5c24\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u3002

    \u5c31\u5730\u6027\uff1a\u987e\u540d\u601d\u4e49\uff0c\u300c\u539f\u5730\u6392\u5e8f\u300d\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\u4e0a\u76f4\u63a5\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b9e\u73b0\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u65e0\u987b\u501f\u52a9\u989d\u5916\u7684\u8f85\u52a9\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u8282\u7701\u5185\u5b58\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u539f\u5730\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u6570\u636e\u642c\u8fd0\u64cd\u4f5c\u8f83\u5c11\uff0c\u8fd0\u884c\u901f\u5ea6\u4e5f\u66f4\u5feb\u3002

    \u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\uff1a\u300c\u7a33\u5b9a\u6392\u5e8f\u300d\u5728\u5b8c\u6210\u6392\u5e8f\u540e\uff0c\u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u987a\u5e8f\u4e0d\u53d1\u751f\u6539\u53d8\u3002

    \u7a33\u5b9a\u6392\u5e8f\u662f\u591a\u7ea7\u6392\u5e8f\u573a\u666f\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b58\u50a8\u5b66\u751f\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u8868\u683c\uff0c\u7b2c 1 \u5217\u548c\u7b2c 2 \u5217\u5206\u522b\u662f\u59d3\u540d\u548c\u5e74\u9f84\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u300c\u975e\u7a33\u5b9a\u6392\u5e8f\u300d\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6709\u5e8f\u6027\u4e27\u5931\uff1a

    # \u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u662f\u6309\u7167\u59d3\u540d\u6392\u5e8f\u597d\u7684\n# (name, age)\n  ('A', 19)\n  ('B', 18)\n  ('C', 21)\n  ('D', 19)\n  ('E', 23)\n\n# \u5047\u8bbe\u4f7f\u7528\u975e\u7a33\u5b9a\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u6309\u5e74\u9f84\u6392\u5e8f\u5217\u8868\uff0c\n# \u7ed3\u679c\u4e2d ('D', 19) \u548c ('A', 19) \u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u4f4d\u7f6e\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\n# \u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u6309\u59d3\u540d\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u4e22\u5931\n  ('B', 18)\n  ('D', 19)\n  ('A', 19)\n  ('C', 21)\n  ('E', 23)\n

    \u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u6027\uff1a\u300c\u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u6392\u5e8f\u300d\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4f1a\u53d7\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5373\u6700\u4f73\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u3001\u6700\u5dee\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u3001\u5e73\u5747\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5e76\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u7b49\u3002

    \u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u9700\u8981\u6839\u636e\u5177\u4f53\u60c5\u51b5\u6765\u8bc4\u4f30\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6700\u5dee\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5dee\u4e8e\u5e73\u5747\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u4e0b\u6027\u80fd\u53ef\u80fd\u52a3\u5316\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u8d1f\u9762\u5c5e\u6027\uff1b\u800c\u5982\u679c\u6700\u4f73\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4f18\u4e8e\u5e73\u5747\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff0c\u5219\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u6b63\u9762\u5c5e\u6027\u3002

    \u662f\u5426\u57fa\u4e8e\u6bd4\u8f83\uff1a\u300c\u57fa\u4e8e\u6bd4\u8f83\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u300d\u4f9d\u8d56\u6bd4\u8f83\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\uff08\\(<\\)\u3001\\(=\\)\u3001\\(>\\)\uff09\u6765\u5224\u65ad\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u987a\u5e8f\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6392\u5e8f\u6574\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u7406\u8bba\u6700\u4f18\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n \\log n)\\) \u3002\u800c\u300c\u975e\u6bd4\u8f83\u6392\u5e8f\u300d\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528\u6bd4\u8f83\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u53ef\u8fbe \\(O(n)\\) \uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u901a\u7528\u6027\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u5dee\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_sorting/sorting_algorithm/#1112","title":"11.1.2 \u00a0 \u7406\u60f3\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5","text":"

    \u8fd0\u884c\u5feb\u3001\u539f\u5730\u3001\u7a33\u5b9a\u3001\u6b63\u5411\u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u3001\u901a\u7528\u6027\u597d\u3002\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u8fc4\u4eca\u4e3a\u6b62\u5c1a\u672a\u53d1\u73b0\u517c\u5177\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6240\u6709\u7279\u6027\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u9009\u62e9\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6839\u636e\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7279\u70b9\u548c\u95ee\u9898\u9700\u6c42\u6765\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002

    \u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5171\u540c\u5b66\u4e60\u5404\u79cd\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e0a\u8ff0\u8bc4\u4ef7\u7ef4\u5ea6\u5bf9\u5404\u4e2a\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u4f18\u7f3a\u70b9\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u6790\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_sorting/summary/","title":"11.11 \u00a0 \u5c0f\u7ed3","text":""},{"location":"chapter_sorting/summary/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u91cd\u70b9\u56de\u987e","text":"
    • \u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\u901a\u8fc7\u4ea4\u6362\u76f8\u90bb\u5143\u7d20\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u6392\u5e8f\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u63d0\u524d\u8fd4\u56de\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4f18\u5316\u5230 \\(O(n)\\) \u3002
    • \u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f\u6bcf\u8f6e\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u5185\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u63d2\u5165\u5230\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5b8c\u6210\u6392\u5e8f\u3002\u867d\u7136\u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n^2)\\) \uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u5355\u5143\u64cd\u4f5c\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u5c11\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u5c0f\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u4efb\u52a1\u4e2d\u975e\u5e38\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\u3002
    • \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u57fa\u4e8e\u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b9e\u73b0\u6392\u5e8f\u3002\u5728\u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u6bcf\u6b21\u90fd\u9009\u53d6\u5230\u6700\u5dee\u7684\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u52a3\u5316\u81f3 \\(O(n^2)\\) \u3002\u5f15\u5165\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u6216\u968f\u673a\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u964d\u4f4e\u8fd9\u79cd\u52a3\u5316\u7684\u6982\u7387\u3002\u5c3e\u9012\u5f52\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u5730\u51cf\u5c11\u9012\u5f52\u6df1\u5ea6\uff0c\u5c06\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4f18\u5316\u5230 \\(O(\\log n)\\) \u3002
    • \u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f\u5305\u62ec\u5212\u5206\u548c\u5408\u5e76\u4e24\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u5178\u578b\u5730\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u5206\u6cbb\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u5728\u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f\u4e2d\uff0c\u6392\u5e8f\u6570\u7ec4\u9700\u8981\u521b\u5efa\u8f85\u52a9\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n)\\) \uff1b\u7136\u800c\u6392\u5e8f\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f18\u5316\u81f3 \\(O(1)\\) \u3002
    • \u6876\u6392\u5e8f\u5305\u542b\u4e09\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1a\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6876\u3001\u6876\u5185\u6392\u5e8f\u548c\u5408\u5e76\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u5b83\u540c\u6837\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u5206\u6cbb\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u4f53\u91cf\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u6876\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u5173\u952e\u5728\u4e8e\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u5e73\u5747\u5206\u914d\u3002
    • \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u662f\u6876\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u4f8b\uff0c\u5b83\u901a\u8fc7\u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u636e\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u6b21\u6570\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u6392\u5e8f\u3002\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u5927\u4f46\u6570\u636e\u8303\u56f4\u6709\u9650\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8981\u6c42\u6570\u636e\u80fd\u591f\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u6b63\u6574\u6570\u3002
    • \u57fa\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u901a\u8fc7\u9010\u4f4d\u6392\u5e8f\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u6570\u636e\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u6570\u636e\u80fd\u591f\u8868\u793a\u4e3a\u56fa\u5b9a\u4f4d\u6570\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u3002
    • \u603b\u7684\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u627e\u5230\u4e00\u79cd\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\u3001\u7a33\u5b9a\u3001\u539f\u5730\u4ee5\u53ca\u6b63\u5411\u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u7b49\u4f18\u70b9\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u5176\u4ed6\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u80fd\u591f\u540c\u65f6\u6ee1\u8db3\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u6839\u636e\u6570\u636e\u7684\u7279\u6027\u6765\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002
    • \u56fe 11-19 \u5bf9\u6bd4\u4e86\u4e3b\u6d41\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u6548\u7387\u3001\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3001\u5c31\u5730\u6027\u548c\u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u7b49\u3002

    \u56fe 11-19 \u00a0 \u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u5bf9\u6bd4

    "},{"location":"chapter_sorting/summary/#2-q-a","title":"2. \u00a0 Q & A","text":"

    \u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u5728\u4ec0\u4e48\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u662f\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\uff1f

    \u5728\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u57fa\u4e8e\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u67d0\u4e2a\u5c5e\u6027\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5b66\u751f\u6709\u59d3\u540d\u548c\u8eab\u9ad8\u4e24\u4e2a\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u591a\u7ea7\u6392\u5e8f\uff1a\u5148\u6309\u7167\u59d3\u540d\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u5f97\u5230 (A, 180) (B, 185) (C, 170) (D, 170) \uff1b\u518d\u5bf9\u8eab\u9ad8\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u80fd\u5f97\u5230 (D, 170) (C, 170) (A, 180) (B, 185) \u3002

    \u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5b66\u751f D \u548c C \u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u4ea4\u6362\uff0c\u59d3\u540d\u7684\u6709\u5e8f\u6027\u88ab\u7834\u574f\u4e86\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u5e0c\u671b\u770b\u5230\u7684\u3002

    \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u4e2d\u201c\u4ece\u53f3\u5f80\u5de6\u67e5\u627e\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u4ece\u5de6\u5f80\u53f3\u67e5\u627e\u201d\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ea4\u6362\u5417\uff1f

    \u4e0d\u884c\uff0c\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u4ee5\u6700\u5de6\u7aef\u5143\u7d20\u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5148\u201c\u4ece\u53f3\u5f80\u5de6\u67e5\u627e\u201d\u518d\u201c\u4ece\u5de6\u5f80\u53f3\u67e5\u627e\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ed3\u8bba\u6709\u4e9b\u53cd\u76f4\u89c9\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u5256\u6790\u4e00\u4e0b\u539f\u56e0\u3002

    \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206 partition() \u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b65\u662f\u4ea4\u6362 nums[left] \u548c nums[i] \u3002\u5b8c\u6210\u4ea4\u6362\u540e\uff0c\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u5de6\u8fb9\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u90fd <= \u57fa\u51c6\u6570\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u8981\u6c42\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b65\u4ea4\u6362\u524d nums[left] >= nums[i] \u5fc5\u987b\u6210\u7acb\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u5148\u201c\u4ece\u5de6\u5f80\u53f3\u67e5\u627e\u201d\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5982\u679c\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u6bd4\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u5728 i == j \u65f6\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u53ef\u80fd nums[j] == nums[i] > nums[left]\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b65\u4ea4\u6362\u64cd\u4f5c\u4f1a\u628a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6bd4\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5de6\u7aef\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u5931\u8d25\u3002

    \u4e3e\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u7ed9\u5b9a\u6570\u7ec4 [0, 0, 0, 0, 1] \uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5148\u201c\u4ece\u5de6\u5411\u53f3\u67e5\u627e\u201d\uff0c\u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u540e\u6570\u7ec4\u4e3a [1, 0, 0, 0, 0] \uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u4e0d\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u3002

    \u518d\u6df1\u5165\u601d\u8003\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u9009\u62e9 nums[right] \u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6b63\u597d\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5148\u201c\u4ece\u5de6\u5f80\u53f3\u67e5\u627e\u201d\u3002

    \u5173\u4e8e\u5c3e\u9012\u5f52\u4f18\u5316\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u9009\u77ed\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u80fd\u4fdd\u8bc1\u9012\u5f52\u6df1\u5ea6\u4e0d\u8d85\u8fc7 \\(\\log n\\) \uff1f

    \u9012\u5f52\u6df1\u5ea6\u5c31\u662f\u5f53\u524d\u672a\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u9012\u5f52\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u3002\u6bcf\u8f6e\u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u3002\u5728\u5c3e\u9012\u5f52\u4f18\u5316\u540e\uff0c\u5411\u4e0b\u9012\u5f52\u7684\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u6700\u5927\u4e3a\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u4e00\u534a\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u6700\u5dee\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u4e3a\u4e00\u534a\u957f\u5ea6\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6700\u7ec8\u7684\u9012\u5f52\u6df1\u5ea6\u5c31\u662f \\(\\log n\\) \u3002

    \u56de\u987e\u539f\u59cb\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u7eed\u5730\u9012\u5f52\u957f\u5ea6\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u6700\u5dee\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4e3a \\(n\\)\u3001\\(n - 1\\)\u3001\\(\\dots\\)\u3001\\(2\\)\u3001\\(1\\) \uff0c\u9012\u5f52\u6df1\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(n\\) \u3002\u5c3e\u9012\u5f52\u4f18\u5316\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u51fa\u73b0\u3002

    \u5f53\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u76f8\u7b49\u65f6\uff0c\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u662f \\(O(n^2)\\) \u5417\uff1f\u8be5\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u8fd9\u79cd\u9000\u5316\u60c5\u51b5\uff1f

    \u662f\u7684\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8003\u8651\u901a\u8fc7\u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u5c0f\u4e8e\u3001\u7b49\u4e8e\u3001\u5927\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u3002\u4ec5\u5411\u4e0b\u9012\u5f52\u5c0f\u4e8e\u548c\u5927\u4e8e\u7684\u4e24\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u5728\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0b\uff0c\u8f93\u5165\u5143\u7d20\u5168\u90e8\u76f8\u7b49\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u4ec5\u4e00\u8f6e\u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u5373\u53ef\u5b8c\u6210\u6392\u5e8f\u3002

    \u6876\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u6700\u5dee\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f \\(O(n^2)\\) \uff1f

    \u6700\u5dee\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u88ab\u5206\u81f3\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6876\u4e2d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u91c7\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a \\(O(n^2)\\) \u7b97\u6cd5\u6765\u6392\u5e8f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5219\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n^2)\\) \u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_stack_and_queue/","title":"\u7b2c 5 \u7ae0 \u00a0 \u6808\u4e0e\u961f\u5217","text":"

    Abstract

    \u6808\u5982\u540c\u53e0\u732b\u732b\uff0c\u800c\u961f\u5217\u5c31\u50cf\u732b\u732b\u6392\u961f\u3002

    \u4e24\u8005\u5206\u522b\u4ee3\u8868\u5148\u5165\u540e\u51fa\u548c\u5148\u5165\u5148\u51fa\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u5173\u7cfb\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_stack_and_queue/#_1","title":"\u672c\u7ae0\u5185\u5bb9","text":"
    • 5.1 \u00a0 \u6808
    • 5.2 \u00a0 \u961f\u5217
    • 5.3 \u00a0 \u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217
    • 5.4 \u00a0 \u5c0f\u7ed3
    "},{"location":"chapter_stack_and_queue/deque/","title":"5.3 \u00a0 \u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217","text":"

    \u5728\u961f\u5217\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4ec5\u80fd\u5220\u9664\u5934\u90e8\u5143\u7d20\u6216\u5728\u5c3e\u90e8\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u5982\u56fe 5-7 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u300c\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217 double-ended queue\u300d\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u5728\u5934\u90e8\u548c\u5c3e\u90e8\u6267\u884c\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6dfb\u52a0\u6216\u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002

    \u56fe 5-7 \u00a0 \u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c

    "},{"location":"chapter_stack_and_queue/deque/#531","title":"5.3.1 \u00a0 \u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5e38\u7528\u64cd\u4f5c","text":"

    \u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u5e38\u7528\u64cd\u4f5c\u5982\u8868 5-3 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u540d\u79f0\u9700\u8981\u6839\u636e\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u6765\u786e\u5b9a\u3002

    \u8868 5-3 \u00a0 \u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u64cd\u4f5c\u6548\u7387

    \u65b9\u6cd5\u540d \u63cf\u8ff0 \u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 pushFirst() \u5c06\u5143\u7d20\u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u9996 \\(O(1)\\) pushLast() \u5c06\u5143\u7d20\u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u5c3e \\(O(1)\\) popFirst() \u5220\u9664\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 \\(O(1)\\) popLast() \u5220\u9664\u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20 \\(O(1)\\) peekFirst() \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 \\(O(1)\\) peekLast() \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20 \\(O(1)\\)

    \u540c\u6837\u5730\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u5df2\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7c7b\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig deque.py
    from collections import deque\n\n# \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\ndeque: deque[int] = deque()\n\n# \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u961f\ndeque.append(2)      # \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u5c3e\ndeque.append(5)\ndeque.append(4)\ndeque.appendleft(3)  # \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u9996\ndeque.appendleft(1)\n\n# \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20\nfront: int = deque[0]  # \u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\nrear: int = deque[-1]  # \u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\n\n# \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f\npop_front: int = deque.popleft()  # \u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f\npop_rear: int = deque.pop()       # \u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f\n\n# \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\nsize: int = len(deque)\n\n# \u5224\u65ad\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a\nis_empty: bool = len(deque) == 0\n
    deque.cpp
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217 */\ndeque<int> deque;\n\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u961f */\ndeque.push_back(2);   // \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u5c3e\ndeque.push_back(5);\ndeque.push_back(4);\ndeque.push_front(3);  // \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u9996\ndeque.push_front(1);\n\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\nint front = deque.front(); // \u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\nint back = deque.back();   // \u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\n\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f */\ndeque.pop_front();  // \u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f\ndeque.pop_back();   // \u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nint size = deque.size();\n\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nbool empty = deque.empty();\n
    deque.java
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217 */\nDeque<Integer> deque = new LinkedList<>();\n\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u961f */\ndeque.offerLast(2);   // \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u5c3e\ndeque.offerLast(5);\ndeque.offerLast(4);\ndeque.offerFirst(3);  // \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u9996\ndeque.offerFirst(1);\n\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\nint peekFirst = deque.peekFirst();  // \u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\nint peekLast = deque.peekLast();    // \u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\n\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f */\nint popFirst = deque.pollFirst();  // \u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f\nint popLast = deque.pollLast();    // \u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nint size = deque.size();\n\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nboolean isEmpty = deque.isEmpty();\n
    deque.cs
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217 */\n// \u5728 C# \u4e2d\uff0c\u5c06\u94fe\u8868 LinkedList \u770b\u4f5c\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u6765\u4f7f\u7528\nLinkedList<int> deque = new();\n\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u961f */\ndeque.AddLast(2);   // \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u5c3e\ndeque.AddLast(5);\ndeque.AddLast(4);\ndeque.AddFirst(3);  // \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u9996\ndeque.AddFirst(1);\n\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\nint peekFirst = deque.First.Value;  // \u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\nint peekLast = deque.Last.Value;    // \u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\n\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f */\ndeque.RemoveFirst();  // \u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f\ndeque.RemoveLast();   // \u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nint size = deque.Count;\n\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nbool isEmpty = deque.Count == 0;\n
    deque_test.go
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217 */\n// \u5728 Go \u4e2d\uff0c\u5c06 list \u4f5c\u4e3a\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u4f7f\u7528\ndeque := list.New()\n\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u961f */\ndeque.PushBack(2)      // \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u5c3e\ndeque.PushBack(5)\ndeque.PushBack(4)\ndeque.PushFront(3)     // \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u9996\ndeque.PushFront(1)\n\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\nfront := deque.Front() // \u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\nrear := deque.Back()   // \u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\n\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f */\ndeque.Remove(front)    // \u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f\ndeque.Remove(rear)     // \u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nsize := deque.Len()\n\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nisEmpty := deque.Len() == 0\n
    deque.swift
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217 */\n// Swift \u6ca1\u6709\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7c7b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a Array \u5f53\u4f5c\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u6765\u4f7f\u7528\nvar deque: [Int] = []\n\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u961f */\ndeque.append(2) // \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u5c3e\ndeque.append(5)\ndeque.append(4)\ndeque.insert(3, at: 0) // \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u9996\ndeque.insert(1, at: 0)\n\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\nlet peekFirst = deque.first! // \u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\nlet peekLast = deque.last! // \u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\n\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f */\n// \u4f7f\u7528 Array \u6a21\u62df\u65f6 popFirst \u7684\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a O(n)\nlet popFirst = deque.removeFirst() // \u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f\nlet popLast = deque.removeLast() // \u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nlet size = deque.count\n\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nlet isEmpty = deque.isEmpty\n
    deque.js
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217 */\n// JavaScript \u6ca1\u6709\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u53cc\u7aef\u961f\u5217\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u628a Array \u5f53\u4f5c\u53cc\u7aef\u961f\u5217\u6765\u4f7f\u7528\nconst deque = [];\n\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u961f */\ndeque.push(2);\ndeque.push(5);\ndeque.push(4);\n// \u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u662f\u6570\u7ec4\uff0cunshift() \u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a O(n)\ndeque.unshift(3);\ndeque.unshift(1);\nconsole.log(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217 deque = \", deque);\n\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\nconst peekFirst = deque[0];\nconsole.log(\"\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 peekFirst = \" + peekFirst);\nconst peekLast = deque[deque.length - 1];\nconsole.log(\"\u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20 peekLast = \" + peekLast);\n\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f */\n// \u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u662f\u6570\u7ec4\uff0cshift() \u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a O(n)\nconst popFront = deque.shift();\nconsole.log(\"\u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f\u5143\u7d20 popFront = \" + popFront + \"\uff0c\u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f\u540e deque = \" + deque);\nconst popBack = deque.pop();\nconsole.log(\"\u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f\u5143\u7d20 popBack = \" + popBack + \"\uff0c\u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f\u540e deque = \" + deque);\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nconst size = deque.length;\nconsole.log(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6 size = \" + size);\n\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nconst isEmpty = size === 0;\nconsole.log(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a = \" + isEmpty);\n
    deque.ts
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217 */\n// TypeScript \u6ca1\u6709\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u53cc\u7aef\u961f\u5217\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u628a Array \u5f53\u4f5c\u53cc\u7aef\u961f\u5217\u6765\u4f7f\u7528\nconst deque: number[] = [];\n\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u961f */\ndeque.push(2);\ndeque.push(5);\ndeque.push(4);\n// \u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u662f\u6570\u7ec4\uff0cunshift() \u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a O(n)\ndeque.unshift(3);\ndeque.unshift(1);\nconsole.log(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217 deque = \", deque);\n\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\nconst peekFirst: number = deque[0];\nconsole.log(\"\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 peekFirst = \" + peekFirst);\nconst peekLast: number = deque[deque.length - 1];\nconsole.log(\"\u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20 peekLast = \" + peekLast);\n\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f */\n// \u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u662f\u6570\u7ec4\uff0cshift() \u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a O(n)\nconst popFront: number = deque.shift() as number;\nconsole.log(\"\u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f\u5143\u7d20 popFront = \" + popFront + \"\uff0c\u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f\u540e deque = \" + deque);\nconst popBack: number = deque.pop() as number;\nconsole.log(\"\u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f\u5143\u7d20 popBack = \" + popBack + \"\uff0c\u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f\u540e deque = \" + deque);\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nconst size: number = deque.length;\nconsole.log(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6 size = \" + size);\n\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nconst isEmpty: boolean = size === 0;\nconsole.log(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a = \" + isEmpty);\n
    deque.dart
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217 */\n// \u5728 Dart \u4e2d\uff0cQueue \u88ab\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\nQueue<int> deque = Queue<int>();\n\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u961f */\ndeque.addLast(2);  // \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u5c3e\ndeque.addLast(5);\ndeque.addLast(4);\ndeque.addFirst(3); // \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u9996\ndeque.addFirst(1);\n\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\nint peekFirst = deque.first; // \u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\nint peekLast = deque.last;   // \u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\n\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f */\nint popFirst = deque.removeFirst(); // \u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f\nint popLast = deque.removeLast();   // \u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nint size = deque.length;\n\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nbool isEmpty = deque.isEmpty;W\n
    deque.rs
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217 */\nlet mut deque: VecDeque<u32> = VecDeque::new();\n\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u961f */\ndeque.push_back(2);  // \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u5c3e\ndeque.push_back(5);\ndeque.push_back(4);\ndeque.push_front(3); // \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u9996\ndeque.push_front(1);\n\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\nif let Some(front) = deque.front() { // \u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\n}\nif let Some(rear) = deque.back() {   // \u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\n}\n\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f */\nif let Some(pop_front) = deque.pop_front() { // \u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f\n}\nif let Some(pop_rear) = deque.pop_back() {   // \u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f\n}\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nlet size = deque.len();\n\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nlet is_empty = deque.is_empty();\n
    deque.c
    // C \u672a\u63d0\u4f9b\u5185\u7f6e\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\n
    deque.zig
    \n
    "},{"location":"chapter_stack_and_queue/deque/#532","title":"5.3.2 \u00a0 \u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5b9e\u73b0 *","text":"

    \u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e0e\u961f\u5217\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u94fe\u8868\u6216\u6570\u7ec4\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5e95\u5c42\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_stack_and_queue/deque/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u57fa\u4e8e\u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0","text":"

    \u56de\u987e\u4e0a\u4e00\u8282\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u666e\u901a\u5355\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u961f\u5217\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u5220\u9664\u5934\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u5bf9\u5e94\u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\uff09\u548c\u5728\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u6dfb\u52a0\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u5bf9\u5e94\u5165\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\uff09\u3002

    \u5bf9\u4e8e\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5934\u90e8\u548c\u5c3e\u90e8\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u6267\u884c\u5165\u961f\u548c\u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u9700\u8981\u5b9e\u73b0\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u79f0\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u91c7\u7528\u201c\u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u201d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u5e95\u5c42\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u3002

    \u5982\u56fe 5-8 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u5934\u8282\u70b9\u548c\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u89c6\u4e3a\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u961f\u9996\u548c\u961f\u5c3e\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5b9e\u73b0\u5728\u4e24\u7aef\u6dfb\u52a0\u548c\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002

    LinkedListDequepushLast()pushFirst()popLast()popFirst()

    \u56fe 5-8 \u00a0 \u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u5165\u961f\u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c

    \u5b9e\u73b0\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig linkedlist_deque.py
    class ListNode:\n    \"\"\"\u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9\"\"\"\n\n    def __init__(self, val: int):\n        \"\"\"\u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5\"\"\"\n        self.val: int = val\n        self.next: ListNode | None = None  # \u540e\u7ee7\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528\n        self.prev: ListNode | None = None  # \u524d\u9a71\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528\n\nclass LinkedListDeque:\n    \"\"\"\u57fa\u4e8e\u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\"\"\"\n\n    def __init__(self):\n        \"\"\"\u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5\"\"\"\n        self._front: ListNode | None = None  # \u5934\u8282\u70b9 front\n        self._rear: ListNode | None = None  # \u5c3e\u8282\u70b9 rear\n        self._size: int = 0  # \u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\n\n    def size(self) -> int:\n        \"\"\"\u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\"\"\"\n        return self._size\n\n    def is_empty(self) -> bool:\n        \"\"\"\u5224\u65ad\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a\"\"\"\n        return self.size() == 0\n\n    def push(self, num: int, is_front: bool):\n        \"\"\"\u5165\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\"\"\"\n        node = ListNode(num)\n        # \u82e5\u94fe\u8868\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u4ee4 front \u548c rear \u90fd\u6307\u5411 node\n        if self.is_empty():\n            self._front = self._rear = node\n        # \u961f\u9996\u5165\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\n        elif is_front:\n            # \u5c06 node \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u94fe\u8868\u5934\u90e8\n            self._front.prev = node\n            node.next = self._front\n            self._front = node  # \u66f4\u65b0\u5934\u8282\u70b9\n        # \u961f\u5c3e\u5165\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\n        else:\n            # \u5c06 node \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u94fe\u8868\u5c3e\u90e8\n            self._rear.next = node\n            node.prev = self._rear\n            self._rear = node  # \u66f4\u65b0\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\n        self._size += 1  # \u66f4\u65b0\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\n\n    def push_first(self, num: int):\n        \"\"\"\u961f\u9996\u5165\u961f\"\"\"\n        self.push(num, True)\n\n    def push_last(self, num: int):\n        \"\"\"\u961f\u5c3e\u5165\u961f\"\"\"\n        self.push(num, False)\n\n    def pop(self, is_front: bool) -> int:\n        \"\"\"\u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\"\"\"\n        if self.is_empty():\n            raise IndexError(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\")\n        # \u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\n        if is_front:\n            val: int = self._front.val  # \u6682\u5b58\u5934\u8282\u70b9\u503c\n            # \u5220\u9664\u5934\u8282\u70b9\n            fnext: ListNode | None = self._front.next\n            if fnext != None:\n                fnext.prev = None\n                self._front.next = None\n            self._front = fnext  # \u66f4\u65b0\u5934\u8282\u70b9\n        # \u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\n        else:\n            val: int = self._rear.val  # \u6682\u5b58\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u503c\n            # \u5220\u9664\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\n            rprev: ListNode | None = self._rear.prev\n            if rprev != None:\n                rprev.next = None\n                self._rear.prev = None\n            self._rear = rprev  # \u66f4\u65b0\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\n        self._size -= 1  # \u66f4\u65b0\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\n        return val\n\n    def pop_first(self) -> int:\n        \"\"\"\u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f\"\"\"\n        return self.pop(True)\n\n    def pop_last(self) -> int:\n        \"\"\"\u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f\"\"\"\n        return self.pop(False)\n\n    def peek_first(self) -> int:\n        \"\"\"\u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\"\"\"\n        if self.is_empty():\n            raise IndexError(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\")\n        return self._front.val\n\n    def peek_last(self) -> int:\n        \"\"\"\u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\"\"\"\n        if self.is_empty():\n            raise IndexError(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\")\n        return self._rear.val\n\n    def to_array(self) -> list[int]:\n        \"\"\"\u8fd4\u56de\u6570\u7ec4\u7528\u4e8e\u6253\u5370\"\"\"\n        node = self._front\n        res = [0] * self.size()\n        for i in range(self.size()):\n            res[i] = node.val\n            node = node.next\n        return res\n
    linkedlist_deque.cpp
    /* \u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9 */\nstruct DoublyListNode {\n    int val;              // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\n    DoublyListNode *next; // \u540e\u7ee7\u8282\u70b9\u6307\u9488\n    DoublyListNode *prev; // \u524d\u9a71\u8282\u70b9\u6307\u9488\n    DoublyListNode(int val) : val(val), prev(nullptr), next(nullptr) {\n    }\n};\n\n/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217 */\nclass LinkedListDeque {\n  private:\n    DoublyListNode *front, *rear; // \u5934\u8282\u70b9 front \uff0c\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9 rear\n    int queSize = 0;              // \u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\n\n  public:\n    /* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\n    LinkedListDeque() : front(nullptr), rear(nullptr) {\n    }\n\n    /* \u6790\u6784\u65b9\u6cd5 */\n    ~LinkedListDeque() {\n        // \u904d\u5386\u94fe\u8868\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\n        DoublyListNode *pre, *cur = front;\n        while (cur != nullptr) {\n            pre = cur;\n            cur = cur->next;\n            delete pre;\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\n    int size() {\n        return queSize;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5224\u65ad\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\n    bool isEmpty() {\n        return size() == 0;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5165\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    void push(int num, bool isFront) {\n        DoublyListNode *node = new DoublyListNode(num);\n        // \u82e5\u94fe\u8868\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u4ee4 front \u548c rear \u90fd\u6307\u5411 node\n        if (isEmpty())\n            front = rear = node;\n        // \u961f\u9996\u5165\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\n        else if (isFront) {\n            // \u5c06 node \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u94fe\u8868\u5934\u90e8\n            front->prev = node;\n            node->next = front;\n            front = node; // \u66f4\u65b0\u5934\u8282\u70b9\n        // \u961f\u5c3e\u5165\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\n        } else {\n            // \u5c06 node \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u94fe\u8868\u5c3e\u90e8\n            rear->next = node;\n            node->prev = rear;\n            rear = node; // \u66f4\u65b0\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\n        }\n        queSize++; // \u66f4\u65b0\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\n    }\n\n    /* \u961f\u9996\u5165\u961f */\n    void pushFirst(int num) {\n        push(num, true);\n    }\n\n    /* \u961f\u5c3e\u5165\u961f */\n    void pushLast(int num) {\n        push(num, false);\n    }\n\n    /* \u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    int pop(bool isFront) {\n        if (isEmpty())\n            throw out_of_range(\"\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\");\n        int val;\n        // \u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\n        if (isFront) {\n            val = front->val; // \u6682\u5b58\u5934\u8282\u70b9\u503c\n            // \u5220\u9664\u5934\u8282\u70b9\n            DoublyListNode *fNext = front->next;\n            if (fNext != nullptr) {\n                fNext->prev = nullptr;\n                front->next = nullptr;\n                delete front;\n            }\n            front = fNext; // \u66f4\u65b0\u5934\u8282\u70b9\n        // \u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\n        } else {\n            val = rear->val; // \u6682\u5b58\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u503c\n            // \u5220\u9664\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\n            DoublyListNode *rPrev = rear->prev;\n            if (rPrev != nullptr) {\n                rPrev->next = nullptr;\n                rear->prev = nullptr;\n                delete rear;\n            }\n            rear = rPrev; // \u66f4\u65b0\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\n        }\n        queSize--; // \u66f4\u65b0\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\n        return val;\n    }\n\n    /* \u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f */\n    int popFirst() {\n        return pop(true);\n    }\n\n    /* \u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f */\n    int popLast() {\n        return pop(false);\n    }\n\n    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\n    int peekFirst() {\n        if (isEmpty())\n            throw out_of_range(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\");\n        return front->val;\n    }\n\n    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20 */\n    int peekLast() {\n        if (isEmpty())\n            throw out_of_range(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\");\n        return rear->val;\n    }\n\n    /* \u8fd4\u56de\u6570\u7ec4\u7528\u4e8e\u6253\u5370 */\n    vector<int> toVector() {\n        DoublyListNode *node = front;\n        vector<int> res(size());\n        for (int i = 0; i < res.size(); i++) {\n            res[i] = node->val;\n            node = node->next;\n        }\n        return res;\n    }\n};\n
    linkedlist_deque.java
    /* \u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9 */\nclass ListNode {\n    int val; // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\n    ListNode next; // \u540e\u7ee7\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528\n    ListNode prev; // \u524d\u9a71\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528\n\n    ListNode(int val) {\n        this.val = val;\n        prev = next = null;\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217 */\nclass LinkedListDeque {\n    private ListNode front, rear; // \u5934\u8282\u70b9 front \uff0c\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9 rear\n    private int queSize = 0; // \u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\n\n    public LinkedListDeque() {\n        front = rear = null;\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\n    public int size() {\n        return queSize;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5224\u65ad\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\n    public boolean isEmpty() {\n        return size() == 0;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5165\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    private void push(int num, boolean isFront) {\n        ListNode node = new ListNode(num);\n        // \u82e5\u94fe\u8868\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u4ee4 front \u548c rear \u90fd\u6307\u5411 node\n        if (isEmpty())\n            front = rear = node;\n        // \u961f\u9996\u5165\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\n        else if (isFront) {\n            // \u5c06 node \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u94fe\u8868\u5934\u90e8\n            front.prev = node;\n            node.next = front;\n            front = node; // \u66f4\u65b0\u5934\u8282\u70b9\n        // \u961f\u5c3e\u5165\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\n        } else {\n            // \u5c06 node \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u94fe\u8868\u5c3e\u90e8\n            rear.next = node;\n            node.prev = rear;\n            rear = node; // \u66f4\u65b0\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\n        }\n        queSize++; // \u66f4\u65b0\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\n    }\n\n    /* \u961f\u9996\u5165\u961f */\n    public void pushFirst(int num) {\n        push(num, true);\n    }\n\n    /* \u961f\u5c3e\u5165\u961f */\n    public void pushLast(int num) {\n        push(num, false);\n    }\n\n    /* \u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    private int pop(boolean isFront) {\n        if (isEmpty())\n            throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();\n        int val;\n        // \u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\n        if (isFront) {\n            val = front.val; // \u6682\u5b58\u5934\u8282\u70b9\u503c\n            // \u5220\u9664\u5934\u8282\u70b9\n            ListNode fNext = front.next;\n            if (fNext != null) {\n                fNext.prev = null;\n                front.next = null;\n            }\n            front = fNext; // \u66f4\u65b0\u5934\u8282\u70b9\n        // \u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\n        } else {\n            val = rear.val; // \u6682\u5b58\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u503c\n            // \u5220\u9664\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\n            ListNode rPrev = rear.prev;\n            if (rPrev != null) {\n                rPrev.next = null;\n                rear.prev = null;\n            }\n            rear = rPrev; // \u66f4\u65b0\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\n        }\n        queSize--; // \u66f4\u65b0\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\n        return val;\n    }\n\n    /* \u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f */\n    public int popFirst() {\n        return pop(true);\n    }\n\n    /* \u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f */\n    public int popLast() {\n        return pop(false);\n    }\n\n    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\n    public int peekFirst() {\n        if (isEmpty())\n            throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();\n        return front.val;\n    }\n\n    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20 */\n    public int peekLast() {\n        if (isEmpty())\n            throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();\n        return rear.val;\n    }\n\n    /* \u8fd4\u56de\u6570\u7ec4\u7528\u4e8e\u6253\u5370 */\n    public int[] toArray() {\n        ListNode node = front;\n        int[] res = new int[size()];\n        for (int i = 0; i < res.length; i++) {\n            res[i] = node.val;\n            node = node.next;\n        }\n        return res;\n    }\n}\n
    linkedlist_deque.cs
    /* \u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9 */\nclass ListNode(int val) {\n    public int val = val;       // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\n    public ListNode? next = null; // \u540e\u7ee7\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528\n    public ListNode? prev = null; // \u524d\u9a71\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528\n}\n\n/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217 */\nclass LinkedListDeque {\n    ListNode? front, rear; // \u5934\u8282\u70b9 front, \u5c3e\u8282\u70b9 rear\n    int queSize = 0;      // \u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\n\n    public LinkedListDeque() {\n        front = null;\n        rear = null;\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\n    public int Size() {\n        return queSize;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5224\u65ad\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\n    public bool IsEmpty() {\n        return Size() == 0;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5165\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    void Push(int num, bool isFront) {\n        ListNode node = new(num);\n        // \u82e5\u94fe\u8868\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u4ee4 front \u548c rear \u90fd\u6307\u5411 node\n        if (IsEmpty()) {\n            front = node;\n            rear = node;\n        }\n        // \u961f\u9996\u5165\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\n        else if (isFront) {\n            // \u5c06 node \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u94fe\u8868\u5934\u90e8\n            front!.prev = node;\n            node.next = front;\n            front = node; // \u66f4\u65b0\u5934\u8282\u70b9                           \n        }\n        // \u961f\u5c3e\u5165\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\n        else {\n            // \u5c06 node \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u94fe\u8868\u5c3e\u90e8\n            rear!.next = node;\n            node.prev = rear;\n            rear = node;  // \u66f4\u65b0\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\n        }\n\n        queSize++; // \u66f4\u65b0\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\n    }\n\n    /* \u961f\u9996\u5165\u961f */\n    public void PushFirst(int num) {\n        Push(num, true);\n    }\n\n    /* \u961f\u5c3e\u5165\u961f */\n    public void PushLast(int num) {\n        Push(num, false);\n    }\n\n    /* \u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    int? Pop(bool isFront) {\n        if (IsEmpty())\n            throw new Exception();\n        int? val;\n        // \u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\n        if (isFront) {\n            val = front?.val; // \u6682\u5b58\u5934\u8282\u70b9\u503c\n            // \u5220\u9664\u5934\u8282\u70b9\n            ListNode? fNext = front?.next;\n            if (fNext != null) {\n                fNext.prev = null;\n                front!.next = null;\n            }\n            front = fNext;   // \u66f4\u65b0\u5934\u8282\u70b9\n        }\n        // \u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\n        else {\n            val = rear?.val;  // \u6682\u5b58\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u503c\n            // \u5220\u9664\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\n            ListNode? rPrev = rear?.prev;\n            if (rPrev != null) {\n                rPrev.next = null;\n                rear!.prev = null;\n            }\n            rear = rPrev;    // \u66f4\u65b0\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\n        }\n\n        queSize--; // \u66f4\u65b0\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\n        return val;\n    }\n\n    /* \u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f */\n    public int? PopFirst() {\n        return Pop(true);\n    }\n\n    /* \u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f */\n    public int? PopLast() {\n        return Pop(false);\n    }\n\n    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\n    public int? PeekFirst() {\n        if (IsEmpty())\n            throw new Exception();\n        return front?.val;\n    }\n\n    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20 */\n    public int? PeekLast() {\n        if (IsEmpty())\n            throw new Exception();\n        return rear?.val;\n    }\n\n    /* \u8fd4\u56de\u6570\u7ec4\u7528\u4e8e\u6253\u5370 */\n    public int?[] ToArray() {\n        ListNode? node = front;\n        int?[] res = new int?[Size()];\n        for (int i = 0; i < res.Length; i++) {\n            res[i] = node?.val;\n            node = node?.next;\n        }\n\n        return res;\n    }\n}\n
    linkedlist_deque.go
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217 */\ntype linkedListDeque struct {\n    // \u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u7f6e\u5305 list\n    data *list.List\n}\n\n/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u7aef\u961f\u5217 */\nfunc newLinkedListDeque() *linkedListDeque {\n    return &linkedListDeque{\n        data: list.New(),\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u5165\u961f */\nfunc (s *linkedListDeque) pushFirst(value any) {\n    s.data.PushFront(value)\n}\n\n/* \u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\u5165\u961f */\nfunc (s *linkedListDeque) pushLast(value any) {\n    s.data.PushBack(value)\n}\n\n/* \u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f */\nfunc (s *linkedListDeque) popFirst() any {\n    if s.isEmpty() {\n        return nil\n    }\n    e := s.data.Front()\n    s.data.Remove(e)\n    return e.Value\n}\n\n/* \u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f */\nfunc (s *linkedListDeque) popLast() any {\n    if s.isEmpty() {\n        return nil\n    }\n    e := s.data.Back()\n    s.data.Remove(e)\n    return e.Value\n}\n\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunc (s *linkedListDeque) peekFirst() any {\n    if s.isEmpty() {\n        return nil\n    }\n    e := s.data.Front()\n    return e.Value\n}\n\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunc (s *linkedListDeque) peekLast() any {\n    if s.isEmpty() {\n        return nil\n    }\n    e := s.data.Back()\n    return e.Value\n}\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nfunc (s *linkedListDeque) size() int {\n    return s.data.Len()\n}\n\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nfunc (s *linkedListDeque) isEmpty() bool {\n    return s.data.Len() == 0\n}\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6 List \u7528\u4e8e\u6253\u5370 */\nfunc (s *linkedListDeque) toList() *list.List {\n    return s.data\n}\n
    linkedlist_deque.swift
    /* \u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9 */\nclass ListNode {\n    var val: Int // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\n    var next: ListNode? // \u540e\u7ee7\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528\n    weak var prev: ListNode? // \u524d\u9a71\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528\n\n    init(val: Int) {\n        self.val = val\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217 */\nclass LinkedListDeque {\n    private var front: ListNode? // \u5934\u8282\u70b9 front\n    private var rear: ListNode? // \u5c3e\u8282\u70b9 rear\n    private var queSize: Int // \u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\n\n    init() {\n        queSize = 0\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\n    func size() -> Int {\n        queSize\n    }\n\n    /* \u5224\u65ad\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\n    func isEmpty() -> Bool {\n        size() == 0\n    }\n\n    /* \u5165\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    private func push(num: Int, isFront: Bool) {\n        let node = ListNode(val: num)\n        // \u82e5\u94fe\u8868\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u4ee4 front \u548c rear \u90fd\u6307\u5411 node\n        if isEmpty() {\n            front = node\n            rear = node\n        }\n        // \u961f\u9996\u5165\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\n        else if isFront {\n            // \u5c06 node \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u94fe\u8868\u5934\u90e8\n            front?.prev = node\n            node.next = front\n            front = node // \u66f4\u65b0\u5934\u8282\u70b9\n        }\n        // \u961f\u5c3e\u5165\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\n        else {\n            // \u5c06 node \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u94fe\u8868\u5c3e\u90e8\n            rear?.next = node\n            node.prev = rear\n            rear = node // \u66f4\u65b0\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\n        }\n        queSize += 1 // \u66f4\u65b0\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\n    }\n\n    /* \u961f\u9996\u5165\u961f */\n    func pushFirst(num: Int) {\n        push(num: num, isFront: true)\n    }\n\n    /* \u961f\u5c3e\u5165\u961f */\n    func pushLast(num: Int) {\n        push(num: num, isFront: false)\n    }\n\n    /* \u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    private func pop(isFront: Bool) -> Int {\n        if isEmpty() {\n            fatalError(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\")\n        }\n        let val: Int\n        // \u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\n        if isFront {\n            val = front!.val // \u6682\u5b58\u5934\u8282\u70b9\u503c\n            // \u5220\u9664\u5934\u8282\u70b9\n            let fNext = front?.next\n            if fNext != nil {\n                fNext?.prev = nil\n                front?.next = nil\n            }\n            front = fNext // \u66f4\u65b0\u5934\u8282\u70b9\n        }\n        // \u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\n        else {\n            val = rear!.val // \u6682\u5b58\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u503c\n            // \u5220\u9664\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\n            let rPrev = rear?.prev\n            if rPrev != nil {\n                rPrev?.next = nil\n                rear?.prev = nil\n            }\n            rear = rPrev // \u66f4\u65b0\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\n        }\n        queSize -= 1 // \u66f4\u65b0\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\n        return val\n    }\n\n    /* \u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f */\n    func popFirst() -> Int {\n        pop(isFront: true)\n    }\n\n    /* \u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f */\n    func popLast() -> Int {\n        pop(isFront: false)\n    }\n\n    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\n    func peekFirst() -> Int? {\n        isEmpty() ? nil : front?.val\n    }\n\n    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20 */\n    func peekLast() -> Int? {\n        isEmpty() ? nil : rear?.val\n    }\n\n    /* \u8fd4\u56de\u6570\u7ec4\u7528\u4e8e\u6253\u5370 */\n    func toArray() -> [Int] {\n        var node = front\n        var res = Array(repeating: 0, count: size())\n        for i in res.indices {\n            res[i] = node!.val\n            node = node?.next\n        }\n        return res\n    }\n}\n
    linkedlist_deque.js
    /* \u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9 */\nclass ListNode {\n    prev; // \u524d\u9a71\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528 (\u6307\u9488)\n    next; // \u540e\u7ee7\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528 (\u6307\u9488)\n    val; // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\n\n    constructor(val) {\n        this.val = val;\n        this.next = null;\n        this.prev = null;\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217 */\nclass LinkedListDeque {\n    #front; // \u5934\u8282\u70b9 front\n    #rear; // \u5c3e\u8282\u70b9 rear\n    #queSize; // \u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\n\n    constructor() {\n        this.#front = null;\n        this.#rear = null;\n        this.#queSize = 0;\n    }\n\n    /* \u961f\u5c3e\u5165\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    pushLast(val) {\n        const node = new ListNode(val);\n        // \u82e5\u94fe\u8868\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u4ee4 front \u548c rear \u90fd\u6307\u5411 node\n        if (this.#queSize === 0) {\n            this.#front = node;\n            this.#rear = node;\n        } else {\n            // \u5c06 node \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u94fe\u8868\u5c3e\u90e8\n            this.#rear.next = node;\n            node.prev = this.#rear;\n            this.#rear = node; // \u66f4\u65b0\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\n        }\n        this.#queSize++;\n    }\n\n    /* \u961f\u9996\u5165\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    pushFirst(val) {\n        const node = new ListNode(val);\n        // \u82e5\u94fe\u8868\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u4ee4 front \u548c rear \u90fd\u6307\u5411 node\n        if (this.#queSize === 0) {\n            this.#front = node;\n            this.#rear = node;\n        } else {\n            // \u5c06 node \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u94fe\u8868\u5934\u90e8\n            this.#front.prev = node;\n            node.next = this.#front;\n            this.#front = node; // \u66f4\u65b0\u5934\u8282\u70b9\n        }\n        this.#queSize++;\n    }\n\n    /* \u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    popLast() {\n        if (this.#queSize === 0) {\n            return null;\n        }\n        const value = this.#rear.val; // \u5b58\u50a8\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u503c\n        // \u5220\u9664\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\n        let temp = this.#rear.prev;\n        if (temp !== null) {\n            temp.next = null;\n            this.#rear.prev = null;\n        }\n        this.#rear = temp; // \u66f4\u65b0\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\n        this.#queSize--;\n        return value;\n    }\n\n    /* \u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    popFirst() {\n        if (this.#queSize === 0) {\n            return null;\n        }\n        const value = this.#front.val; // \u5b58\u50a8\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u503c\n        // \u5220\u9664\u5934\u8282\u70b9\n        let temp = this.#front.next;\n        if (temp !== null) {\n            temp.prev = null;\n            this.#front.next = null;\n        }\n        this.#front = temp; // \u66f4\u65b0\u5934\u8282\u70b9\n        this.#queSize--;\n        return value;\n    }\n\n    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20 */\n    peekLast() {\n        return this.#queSize === 0 ? null : this.#rear.val;\n    }\n\n    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\n    peekFirst() {\n        return this.#queSize === 0 ? null : this.#front.val;\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\n    size() {\n        return this.#queSize;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5224\u65ad\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\n    isEmpty() {\n        return this.#queSize === 0;\n    }\n\n    /* \u6253\u5370\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217 */\n    print() {\n        const arr = [];\n        let temp = this.#front;\n        while (temp !== null) {\n            arr.push(temp.val);\n            temp = temp.next;\n        }\n        console.log('[' + arr.join(', ') + ']');\n    }\n}\n
    linkedlist_deque.ts
    /* \u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9 */\nclass ListNode {\n    prev: ListNode; // \u524d\u9a71\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528 (\u6307\u9488)\n    next: ListNode; // \u540e\u7ee7\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528 (\u6307\u9488)\n    val: number; // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\n\n    constructor(val: number) {\n        this.val = val;\n        this.next = null;\n        this.prev = null;\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217 */\nclass LinkedListDeque {\n    private front: ListNode; // \u5934\u8282\u70b9 front\n    private rear: ListNode; // \u5c3e\u8282\u70b9 rear\n    private queSize: number; // \u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\n\n    constructor() {\n        this.front = null;\n        this.rear = null;\n        this.queSize = 0;\n    }\n\n    /* \u961f\u5c3e\u5165\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    pushLast(val: number): void {\n        const node: ListNode = new ListNode(val);\n        // \u82e5\u94fe\u8868\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u4ee4 front \u548c rear \u90fd\u6307\u5411 node\n        if (this.queSize === 0) {\n            this.front = node;\n            this.rear = node;\n        } else {\n            // \u5c06 node \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u94fe\u8868\u5c3e\u90e8\n            this.rear.next = node;\n            node.prev = this.rear;\n            this.rear = node; // \u66f4\u65b0\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\n        }\n        this.queSize++;\n    }\n\n    /* \u961f\u9996\u5165\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    pushFirst(val: number): void {\n        const node: ListNode = new ListNode(val);\n        // \u82e5\u94fe\u8868\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u4ee4 front \u548c rear \u90fd\u6307\u5411 node\n        if (this.queSize === 0) {\n            this.front = node;\n            this.rear = node;\n        } else {\n            // \u5c06 node \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u94fe\u8868\u5934\u90e8\n            this.front.prev = node;\n            node.next = this.front;\n            this.front = node; // \u66f4\u65b0\u5934\u8282\u70b9\n        }\n        this.queSize++;\n    }\n\n    /* \u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    popLast(): number {\n        if (this.queSize === 0) {\n            return null;\n        }\n        const value: number = this.rear.val; // \u5b58\u50a8\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u503c\n        // \u5220\u9664\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\n        let temp: ListNode = this.rear.prev;\n        if (temp !== null) {\n            temp.next = null;\n            this.rear.prev = null;\n        }\n        this.rear = temp; // \u66f4\u65b0\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\n        this.queSize--;\n        return value;\n    }\n\n    /* \u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    popFirst(): number {\n        if (this.queSize === 0) {\n            return null;\n        }\n        const value: number = this.front.val; // \u5b58\u50a8\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u503c\n        // \u5220\u9664\u5934\u8282\u70b9\n        let temp: ListNode = this.front.next;\n        if (temp !== null) {\n            temp.prev = null;\n            this.front.next = null;\n        }\n        this.front = temp; // \u66f4\u65b0\u5934\u8282\u70b9\n        this.queSize--;\n        return value;\n    }\n\n    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20 */\n    peekLast(): number {\n        return this.queSize === 0 ? null : this.rear.val;\n    }\n\n    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\n    peekFirst(): number {\n        return this.queSize === 0 ? null : this.front.val;\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\n    size(): number {\n        return this.queSize;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5224\u65ad\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\n    isEmpty(): boolean {\n        return this.queSize === 0;\n    }\n\n    /* \u6253\u5370\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217 */\n    print(): void {\n        const arr: number[] = [];\n        let temp: ListNode = this.front;\n        while (temp !== null) {\n            arr.push(temp.val);\n            temp = temp.next;\n        }\n        console.log('[' + arr.join(', ') + ']');\n    }\n}\n
    linkedlist_deque.dart
    /* \u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9 */\nclass ListNode {\n  int val; // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\n  ListNode? next; // \u540e\u7ee7\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528\n  ListNode? prev; // \u524d\u9a71\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528\n\n  ListNode(this.val, {this.next, this.prev});\n}\n\n/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u53cc\u5411\u5bf9\u5217 */\nclass LinkedListDeque {\n  late ListNode? _front; // \u5934\u8282\u70b9 _front\n  late ListNode? _rear; // \u5c3e\u8282\u70b9 _rear\n  int _queSize = 0; // \u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\n\n  LinkedListDeque() {\n    this._front = null;\n    this._rear = null;\n  }\n\n  /* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6 */\n  int size() {\n    return this._queSize;\n  }\n\n  /* \u5224\u65ad\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\n  bool isEmpty() {\n    return size() == 0;\n  }\n\n  /* \u5165\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c */\n  void push(int _num, bool isFront) {\n    final ListNode node = ListNode(_num);\n    if (isEmpty()) {\n      // \u82e5\u94fe\u8868\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u4ee4 _front \u548c _rear \u90fd\u6307\u5411 node\n      _front = _rear = node;\n    } else if (isFront) {\n      // \u961f\u9996\u5165\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\n      // \u5c06 node \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u94fe\u8868\u5934\u90e8\n      _front!.prev = node;\n      node.next = _front;\n      _front = node; // \u66f4\u65b0\u5934\u8282\u70b9\n    } else {\n      // \u961f\u5c3e\u5165\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\n      // \u5c06 node \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u94fe\u8868\u5c3e\u90e8\n      _rear!.next = node;\n      node.prev = _rear;\n      _rear = node; // \u66f4\u65b0\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\n    }\n    _queSize++; // \u66f4\u65b0\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\n  }\n\n  /* \u961f\u9996\u5165\u961f */\n  void pushFirst(int _num) {\n    push(_num, true);\n  }\n\n  /* \u961f\u5c3e\u5165\u961f */\n  void pushLast(int _num) {\n    push(_num, false);\n  }\n\n  /* \u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c */\n  int? pop(bool isFront) {\n    // \u82e5\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de null\n    if (isEmpty()) {\n      return null;\n    }\n    final int val;\n    if (isFront) {\n      // \u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\n      val = _front!.val; // \u6682\u5b58\u5934\u8282\u70b9\u503c\n      // \u5220\u9664\u5934\u8282\u70b9\n      ListNode? fNext = _front!.next;\n      if (fNext != null) {\n        fNext.prev = null;\n        _front!.next = null;\n      }\n      _front = fNext; // \u66f4\u65b0\u5934\u8282\u70b9\n    } else {\n      // \u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\n      val = _rear!.val; // \u6682\u5b58\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u503c\n      // \u5220\u9664\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\n      ListNode? rPrev = _rear!.prev;\n      if (rPrev != null) {\n        rPrev.next = null;\n        _rear!.prev = null;\n      }\n      _rear = rPrev; // \u66f4\u65b0\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\n    }\n    _queSize--; // \u66f4\u65b0\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\n    return val;\n  }\n\n  /* \u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f */\n  int? popFirst() {\n    return pop(true);\n  }\n\n  /* \u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f */\n  int? popLast() {\n    return pop(false);\n  }\n\n  /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\n  int? peekFirst() {\n    return _front?.val;\n  }\n\n  /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20 */\n  int? peekLast() {\n    return _rear?.val;\n  }\n\n  /* \u8fd4\u56de\u6570\u7ec4\u7528\u4e8e\u6253\u5370 */\n  List<int> toArray() {\n    ListNode? node = _front;\n    final List<int> res = [];\n    for (int i = 0; i < _queSize; i++) {\n      res.add(node!.val);\n      node = node.next;\n    }\n    return res;\n  }\n}\n
    linkedlist_deque.rs
    /* \u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9 */\npub struct ListNode<T> {\n    pub val: T,                                 // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\n    pub next: Option<Rc<RefCell<ListNode<T>>>>, // \u540e\u7ee7\u8282\u70b9\u6307\u9488\n    pub prev: Option<Rc<RefCell<ListNode<T>>>>, // \u524d\u9a71\u8282\u70b9\u6307\u9488\n}\n\nimpl<T> ListNode<T> {\n    pub fn new(val: T) -> Rc<RefCell<ListNode<T>>> {\n        Rc::new(RefCell::new(ListNode {\n            val,\n            next: None,\n            prev: None,\n        }))\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217 */\n#[allow(dead_code)]\npub struct LinkedListDeque<T> {\n    front: Option<Rc<RefCell<ListNode<T>>>>,    // \u5934\u8282\u70b9 front\n    rear: Option<Rc<RefCell<ListNode<T>>>>,     // \u5c3e\u8282\u70b9 rear \n    que_size: usize,                            // \u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\n}\n\nimpl<T: Copy> LinkedListDeque<T> {\n    pub fn new() -> Self {\n        Self {\n            front: None,\n            rear: None,\n            que_size: 0, \n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\n    pub fn size(&self) -> usize {\n        return self.que_size;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5224\u65ad\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\n    pub fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {\n        return self.size() == 0;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5165\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    pub fn push(&mut self, num: T, is_front: bool) {\n        let node = ListNode::new(num);\n        // \u961f\u9996\u5165\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\n        if is_front {\n            match self.front.take() {\n                // \u82e5\u94fe\u8868\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u4ee4 front \u548c rear \u90fd\u6307\u5411 node\n                None => {\n                    self.rear = Some(node.clone());\n                    self.front = Some(node);\n                }\n                // \u5c06 node \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u94fe\u8868\u5934\u90e8\n                Some(old_front) => {\n                    old_front.borrow_mut().prev = Some(node.clone());\n                    node.borrow_mut().next = Some(old_front);\n                    self.front = Some(node); // \u66f4\u65b0\u5934\u8282\u70b9\n                }\n            }\n        } \n        // \u961f\u5c3e\u5165\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\n        else {\n            match self.rear.take() {\n                // \u82e5\u94fe\u8868\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u4ee4 front \u548c rear \u90fd\u6307\u5411 node\n                None => {\n                    self.front = Some(node.clone());\n                    self.rear = Some(node);\n                }\n                // \u5c06 node \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u94fe\u8868\u5c3e\u90e8\n                Some(old_rear) => {\n                    old_rear.borrow_mut().next = Some(node.clone());\n                    node.borrow_mut().prev = Some(old_rear);\n                    self.rear = Some(node); // \u66f4\u65b0\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\n                }\n            }\n        }\n        self.que_size += 1; // \u66f4\u65b0\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\n    }\n\n    /* \u961f\u9996\u5165\u961f */\n    pub fn push_first(&mut self, num: T) {\n        self.push(num, true);\n    }\n\n    /* \u961f\u5c3e\u5165\u961f */\n    pub fn push_last(&mut self, num: T) {\n        self.push(num, false);\n    }\n\n    /* \u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    pub fn pop(&mut self, is_front: bool) -> Option<T> {\n        // \u82e5\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de None\n        if self.is_empty() { \n            return None \n        };\n        // \u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\n        if is_front {\n            self.front.take().map(|old_front| {\n                match old_front.borrow_mut().next.take() {\n                    Some(new_front) => {\n                        new_front.borrow_mut().prev.take();\n                        self.front = Some(new_front);   // \u66f4\u65b0\u5934\u8282\u70b9\n                    }\n                    None => {\n                        self.rear.take();\n                    }\n                }\n                self.que_size -= 1; // \u66f4\u65b0\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\n                Rc::try_unwrap(old_front).ok().unwrap().into_inner().val\n            })\n\n        } \n        // \u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\n        else {\n            self.rear.take().map(|old_rear| {\n                match old_rear.borrow_mut().prev.take() {\n                    Some(new_rear) => {\n                        new_rear.borrow_mut().next.take();\n                        self.rear = Some(new_rear);     // \u66f4\u65b0\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\n                    }\n                    None => {\n                        self.front.take();\n                    }\n                }\n                self.que_size -= 1; // \u66f4\u65b0\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\n                Rc::try_unwrap(old_rear).ok().unwrap().into_inner().val\n            })\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f */\n    pub fn pop_first(&mut self) -> Option<T> {\n        return self.pop(true);\n    }\n\n    /* \u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f */\n    pub fn pop_last(&mut self) -> Option<T> {\n        return self.pop(false);\n    }\n\n    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\n    pub fn peek_first(&self) -> Option<&Rc<RefCell<ListNode<T>>>> {\n        self.front.as_ref()\n    }\n\n    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20 */\n    pub fn peek_last(&self) -> Option<&Rc<RefCell<ListNode<T>>>> {\n        self.rear.as_ref()\n    }\n\n    /* \u8fd4\u56de\u6570\u7ec4\u7528\u4e8e\u6253\u5370 */\n    pub fn to_array(&self, head: Option<&Rc<RefCell<ListNode<T>>>>) -> Vec<T> {\n        if let Some(node) = head {\n            let mut nums = self.to_array(node.borrow().next.as_ref());\n            nums.insert(0, node.borrow().val);\n            return nums;\n        }\n        return Vec::new();\n    }\n}\n
    linkedlist_deque.c
    /* \u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9 */\ntypedef struct DoublyListNode {\n    int val;                     // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\n    struct DoublyListNode *next; // \u540e\u7ee7\u8282\u70b9\n    struct DoublyListNode *prev; // \u524d\u9a71\u8282\u70b9\n} DoublyListNode;\n\n/* \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570 */\nDoublyListNode *newDoublyListNode(int num) {\n    DoublyListNode *new = (DoublyListNode *)malloc(sizeof(DoublyListNode));\n    new->val = num;\n    new->next = NULL;\n    new->prev = NULL;\n    return new;\n}\n\n/* \u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570 */\nvoid delDoublyListNode(DoublyListNode *node) {\n    free(node);\n}\n\n/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217 */\ntypedef struct {\n    DoublyListNode *front, *rear; // \u5934\u8282\u70b9 front \uff0c\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9 rear\n    int queSize;                  // \u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\n} LinkedListDeque;\n\n/* \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570 */\nLinkedListDeque *newLinkedListDeque() {\n    LinkedListDeque *deque = (LinkedListDeque *)malloc(sizeof(LinkedListDeque));\n    deque->front = NULL;\n    deque->rear = NULL;\n    deque->queSize = 0;\n    return deque;\n}\n\n/* \u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570 */\nvoid delLinkedListdeque(LinkedListDeque *deque) {\n    // \u91ca\u653e\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\n    for (int i = 0; i < deque->queSize && deque->front != NULL; i++) {\n        DoublyListNode *tmp = deque->front;\n        deque->front = deque->front->next;\n        free(tmp);\n    }\n    // \u91ca\u653e deque \u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\n    free(deque);\n}\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nint size(LinkedListDeque *deque) {\n    return deque->queSize;\n}\n\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nbool empty(LinkedListDeque *deque) {\n    return (size(deque) == 0);\n}\n\n/* \u5165\u961f */\nvoid push(LinkedListDeque *deque, int num, bool isFront) {\n    DoublyListNode *node = newDoublyListNode(num);\n    // \u82e5\u94fe\u8868\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u4ee4 front \u548c rear \u90fd\u6307\u5411node\n    if (empty(deque)) {\n        deque->front = deque->rear = node;\n    }\n    // \u961f\u9996\u5165\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\n    else if (isFront) {\n        // \u5c06 node \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u94fe\u8868\u5934\u90e8\n        deque->front->prev = node;\n        node->next = deque->front;\n        deque->front = node; // \u66f4\u65b0\u5934\u8282\u70b9\n    }\n    // \u961f\u5c3e\u5165\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\n    else {\n        // \u5c06 node \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u94fe\u8868\u5c3e\u90e8\n        deque->rear->next = node;\n        node->prev = deque->rear;\n        deque->rear = node;\n    }\n    deque->queSize++; // \u66f4\u65b0\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\n}\n\n/* \u961f\u9996\u5165\u961f */\nvoid pushFirst(LinkedListDeque *deque, int num) {\n    push(deque, num, true);\n}\n\n/* \u961f\u5c3e\u5165\u961f */\nvoid pushLast(LinkedListDeque *deque, int num) {\n    push(deque, num, false);\n}\n\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\nint peekFirst(LinkedListDeque *deque) {\n    assert(size(deque) && deque->front);\n    return deque->front->val;\n}\n\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20 */\nint peekLast(LinkedListDeque *deque) {\n    assert(size(deque) && deque->rear);\n    return deque->rear->val;\n}\n\n/* \u51fa\u961f */\nint pop(LinkedListDeque *deque, bool isFront) {\n    if (empty(deque))\n        return -1;\n    int val;\n    // \u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\n    if (isFront) {\n        val = peekFirst(deque); // \u6682\u5b58\u5934\u8282\u70b9\u503c\n        DoublyListNode *fNext = deque->front->next;\n        if (fNext) {\n            fNext->prev = NULL;\n            deque->front->next = NULL;\n            delDoublyListNode(deque->front);\n        }\n        deque->front = fNext; // \u66f4\u65b0\u5934\u8282\u70b9\n    }\n    // \u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\n    else {\n        val = peekLast(deque); // \u6682\u5b58\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u503c\n        DoublyListNode *rPrev = deque->rear->prev;\n        if (rPrev) {\n            rPrev->next = NULL;\n            deque->rear->prev = NULL;\n            delDoublyListNode(deque->rear);\n        }\n        deque->rear = rPrev; // \u66f4\u65b0\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\n    }\n    deque->queSize--; // \u66f4\u65b0\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\n    return val;\n}\n\n/* \u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f */\nint popFirst(LinkedListDeque *deque) {\n    return pop(deque, true);\n}\n\n/* \u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f */\nint popLast(LinkedListDeque *deque) {\n    return pop(deque, false);\n}\n\n/* \u6253\u5370\u961f\u5217 */\nvoid printLinkedListDeque(LinkedListDeque *deque) {\n    int *arr = malloc(sizeof(int) * deque->queSize);\n    // \u62f7\u8d1d\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5230\u6570\u7ec4\n    int i;\n    DoublyListNode *node;\n    for (i = 0, node = deque->front; i < deque->queSize; i++) {\n        arr[i] = node->val;\n        node = node->next;\n    }\n    printArray(arr, deque->queSize);\n    free(arr);\n}\n
    linkedlist_deque.zig
    // \u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9\nfn ListNode(comptime T: type) type {\n    return struct {\n        const Self = @This();\n\n        val: T = undefined,     // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\n        next: ?*Self = null,    // \u540e\u7ee7\u8282\u70b9\u6307\u9488\n        prev: ?*Self = null,    // \u524d\u9a71\u8282\u70b9\u6307\u9488\n\n        // Initialize a list node with specific value\n        pub fn init(self: *Self, x: i32) void {\n            self.val = x;\n            self.next = null;\n            self.prev = null;\n        }\n    };\n}\n\n// \u57fa\u4e8e\u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\nfn LinkedListDeque(comptime T: type) type {\n    return struct {\n        const Self = @This();\n\n        front: ?*ListNode(T) = null,                    // \u5934\u8282\u70b9 front\n        rear: ?*ListNode(T) = null,                     // \u5c3e\u8282\u70b9 rear\n        que_size: usize = 0,                             // \u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\n        mem_arena: ?std.heap.ArenaAllocator = null,\n        mem_allocator: std.mem.Allocator = undefined,   // \u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u5668\n\n        // \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\uff08\u5206\u914d\u5185\u5b58+\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u961f\u5217\uff09\n        pub fn init(self: *Self, allocator: std.mem.Allocator) !void {\n            if (self.mem_arena == null) {\n                self.mem_arena = std.heap.ArenaAllocator.init(allocator);\n                self.mem_allocator = self.mem_arena.?.allocator();\n            }\n            self.front = null;\n            self.rear = null;\n            self.que_size = 0;\n        }\n\n        // \u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\uff08\u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\uff09\n        pub fn deinit(self: *Self) void {\n            if (self.mem_arena == null) return;\n            self.mem_arena.?.deinit();\n        }\n\n        // \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\n        pub fn size(self: *Self) usize {\n            return self.que_size;\n        }\n\n        // \u5224\u65ad\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a\n        pub fn isEmpty(self: *Self) bool {\n            return self.size() == 0;\n        }\n\n        // \u5165\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\n        pub fn push(self: *Self, num: T, is_front: bool) !void {\n            var node = try self.mem_allocator.create(ListNode(T));\n            node.init(num);\n            // \u82e5\u94fe\u8868\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u4ee4 front \u548c rear \u90fd\u6307\u5411 node\n            if (self.isEmpty()) {\n                self.front = node;\n                self.rear = node;\n            // \u961f\u9996\u5165\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\n            } else if (is_front) {\n                // \u5c06 node \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u94fe\u8868\u5934\u90e8\n                self.front.?.prev = node;\n                node.next = self.front;\n                self.front = node;  // \u66f4\u65b0\u5934\u8282\u70b9\n            // \u961f\u5c3e\u5165\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\n            } else {\n                // \u5c06 node \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u94fe\u8868\u5c3e\u90e8\n                self.rear.?.next = node;\n                node.prev = self.rear;\n                self.rear = node;   // \u66f4\u65b0\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\n            }\n            self.que_size += 1;      // \u66f4\u65b0\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\n        } \n\n        // \u961f\u9996\u5165\u961f\n        pub fn pushFirst(self: *Self, num: T) !void {\n            try self.push(num, true);\n        } \n\n        // \u961f\u5c3e\u5165\u961f\n        pub fn pushLast(self: *Self, num: T) !void {\n            try self.push(num, false);\n        } \n\n        // \u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\n        pub fn pop(self: *Self, is_front: bool) T {\n            if (self.isEmpty()) @panic(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\");\n            var val: T = undefined;\n            // \u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\n            if (is_front) {\n                val = self.front.?.val;     // \u6682\u5b58\u5934\u8282\u70b9\u503c\n                // \u5220\u9664\u5934\u8282\u70b9\n                var fNext = self.front.?.next;\n                if (fNext != null) {\n                    fNext.?.prev = null;\n                    self.front.?.next = null;\n                }\n                self.front = fNext;         // \u66f4\u65b0\u5934\u8282\u70b9\n            // \u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\n            } else {\n                val = self.rear.?.val;      // \u6682\u5b58\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u503c\n                // \u5220\u9664\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\n                var rPrev = self.rear.?.prev;\n                if (rPrev != null) {\n                    rPrev.?.next = null;\n                    self.rear.?.prev = null;\n                }\n                self.rear = rPrev;          // \u66f4\u65b0\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\n            }\n            self.que_size -= 1;              // \u66f4\u65b0\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\n            return val;\n        } \n\n        // \u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f\n        pub fn popFirst(self: *Self) T {\n            return self.pop(true);\n        } \n\n        // \u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f\n        pub fn popLast(self: *Self) T {\n            return self.pop(false);\n        } \n\n        // \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\n        pub fn peekFirst(self: *Self) T {\n            if (self.isEmpty()) @panic(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\");\n            return self.front.?.val;\n        }  \n\n        // \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\n        pub fn peekLast(self: *Self) T {\n            if (self.isEmpty()) @panic(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\");\n            return self.rear.?.val;\n        }\n\n        // \u8fd4\u56de\u6570\u7ec4\u7528\u4e8e\u6253\u5370\n        pub fn toArray(self: *Self) ![]T {\n            var node = self.front;\n            var res = try self.mem_allocator.alloc(T, self.size());\n            @memset(res, @as(T, 0));\n            var i: usize = 0;\n            while (i < res.len) : (i += 1) {\n                res[i] = node.?.val;\n                node = node.?.next;\n            }\n            return res;\n        }\n    };\n}\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_stack_and_queue/deque/#2","title":"2. \u00a0 \u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0","text":"

    \u5982\u56fe 5-9 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u4e0e\u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u961f\u5217\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u3002

    ArrayDequepushLast()pushFirst()popLast()popFirst()

    \u56fe 5-9 \u00a0 \u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u5165\u961f\u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c

    \u5728\u961f\u5217\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ec5\u9700\u589e\u52a0\u201c\u961f\u9996\u5165\u961f\u201d\u548c\u201c\u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f\u201d\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig array_deque.py
    class ArrayDeque:\n    \"\"\"\u57fa\u4e8e\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\"\"\"\n\n    def __init__(self, capacity: int):\n        \"\"\"\u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5\"\"\"\n        self._nums: list[int] = [0] * capacity\n        self._front: int = 0\n        self._size: int = 0\n\n    def capacity(self) -> int:\n        \"\"\"\u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf\"\"\"\n        return len(self._nums)\n\n    def size(self) -> int:\n        \"\"\"\u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\"\"\"\n        return self._size\n\n    def is_empty(self) -> bool:\n        \"\"\"\u5224\u65ad\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a\"\"\"\n        return self._size == 0\n\n    def index(self, i: int) -> int:\n        \"\"\"\u8ba1\u7b97\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15\"\"\"\n        # \u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b9e\u73b0\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5c3e\u76f8\u8fde\n        # \u5f53 i \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u540e\uff0c\u56de\u5230\u5934\u90e8\n        # \u5f53 i \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u540e\uff0c\u56de\u5230\u5c3e\u90e8\n        return (i + self.capacity()) % self.capacity()\n\n    def push_first(self, num: int):\n        \"\"\"\u961f\u9996\u5165\u961f\"\"\"\n        if self._size == self.capacity():\n            print(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5df2\u6ee1\")\n            return\n        # \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\u5411\u5de6\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n        # \u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b9e\u73b0 front \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u540e\u56de\u5230\u5c3e\u90e8\n        self._front = self.index(self._front - 1)\n        # \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u9996\n        self._nums[self._front] = num\n        self._size += 1\n\n    def push_last(self, num: int):\n        \"\"\"\u961f\u5c3e\u5165\u961f\"\"\"\n        if self._size == self.capacity():\n            print(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5df2\u6ee1\")\n            return\n        # \u8ba1\u7b97\u961f\u5c3e\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u5c3e\u7d22\u5f15 + 1\n        rear = self.index(self._front + self._size)\n        # \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u5c3e\n        self._nums[rear] = num\n        self._size += 1\n\n    def pop_first(self) -> int:\n        \"\"\"\u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f\"\"\"\n        num = self.peek_first()\n        # \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n        self._front = self.index(self._front + 1)\n        self._size -= 1\n        return num\n\n    def pop_last(self) -> int:\n        \"\"\"\u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f\"\"\"\n        num = self.peek_last()\n        self._size -= 1\n        return num\n\n    def peek_first(self) -> int:\n        \"\"\"\u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\"\"\"\n        if self.is_empty():\n            raise IndexError(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\")\n        return self._nums[self._front]\n\n    def peek_last(self) -> int:\n        \"\"\"\u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\"\"\"\n        if self.is_empty():\n            raise IndexError(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\")\n        # \u8ba1\u7b97\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\n        last = self.index(self._front + self._size - 1)\n        return self._nums[last]\n\n    def to_array(self) -> list[int]:\n        \"\"\"\u8fd4\u56de\u6570\u7ec4\u7528\u4e8e\u6253\u5370\"\"\"\n        # \u4ec5\u8f6c\u6362\u6709\u6548\u957f\u5ea6\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\n        res = []\n        for i in range(self._size):\n            res.append(self._nums[self.index(self._front + i)])\n        return res\n
    array_deque.cpp
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217 */\nclass ArrayDeque {\n  private:\n    vector<int> nums; // \u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\n    int front;        // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\n    int queSize;      // \u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\n\n  public:\n    /* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\n    ArrayDeque(int capacity) {\n        nums.resize(capacity);\n        front = queSize = 0;\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf */\n    int capacity() {\n        return nums.size();\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\n    int size() {\n        return queSize;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5224\u65ad\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\n    bool isEmpty() {\n        return queSize == 0;\n    }\n\n    /* \u8ba1\u7b97\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15 */\n    int index(int i) {\n        // \u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b9e\u73b0\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5c3e\u76f8\u8fde\n        // \u5f53 i \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u540e\uff0c\u56de\u5230\u5934\u90e8\n        // \u5f53 i \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u540e\uff0c\u56de\u5230\u5c3e\u90e8\n        return (i + capacity()) % capacity();\n    }\n\n    /* \u961f\u9996\u5165\u961f */\n    void pushFirst(int num) {\n        if (queSize == capacity()) {\n            cout << \"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5df2\u6ee1\" << endl;\n            return;\n        }\n        // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\u5411\u5de6\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n        // \u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b9e\u73b0 front \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u540e\u56de\u5230\u5c3e\u90e8\n        front = index(front - 1);\n        // \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u9996\n        nums[front] = num;\n        queSize++;\n    }\n\n    /* \u961f\u5c3e\u5165\u961f */\n    void pushLast(int num) {\n        if (queSize == capacity()) {\n            cout << \"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5df2\u6ee1\" << endl;\n            return;\n        }\n        // \u8ba1\u7b97\u961f\u5c3e\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u5c3e\u7d22\u5f15 + 1\n        int rear = index(front + queSize);\n        // \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u5c3e\n        nums[rear] = num;\n        queSize++;\n    }\n\n    /* \u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f */\n    int popFirst() {\n        int num = peekFirst();\n        // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n        front = index(front + 1);\n        queSize--;\n        return num;\n    }\n\n    /* \u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f */\n    int popLast() {\n        int num = peekLast();\n        queSize--;\n        return num;\n    }\n\n    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\n    int peekFirst() {\n        if (isEmpty())\n            throw out_of_range(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\");\n        return nums[front];\n    }\n\n    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20 */\n    int peekLast() {\n        if (isEmpty())\n            throw out_of_range(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\");\n        // \u8ba1\u7b97\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\n        int last = index(front + queSize - 1);\n        return nums[last];\n    }\n\n    /* \u8fd4\u56de\u6570\u7ec4\u7528\u4e8e\u6253\u5370 */\n    vector<int> toVector() {\n        // \u4ec5\u8f6c\u6362\u6709\u6548\u957f\u5ea6\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\n        vector<int> res(queSize);\n        for (int i = 0, j = front; i < queSize; i++, j++) {\n            res[i] = nums[index(j)];\n        }\n        return res;\n    }\n};\n
    array_deque.java
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217 */\nclass ArrayDeque {\n    private int[] nums; // \u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\n    private int front; // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\n    private int queSize; // \u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\n\n    /* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\n    public ArrayDeque(int capacity) {\n        this.nums = new int[capacity];\n        front = queSize = 0;\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf */\n    public int capacity() {\n        return nums.length;\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\n    public int size() {\n        return queSize;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5224\u65ad\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\n    public boolean isEmpty() {\n        return queSize == 0;\n    }\n\n    /* \u8ba1\u7b97\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15 */\n    private int index(int i) {\n        // \u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b9e\u73b0\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5c3e\u76f8\u8fde\n        // \u5f53 i \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u540e\uff0c\u56de\u5230\u5934\u90e8\n        // \u5f53 i \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u540e\uff0c\u56de\u5230\u5c3e\u90e8\n        return (i + capacity()) % capacity();\n    }\n\n    /* \u961f\u9996\u5165\u961f */\n    public void pushFirst(int num) {\n        if (queSize == capacity()) {\n            System.out.println(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5df2\u6ee1\");\n            return;\n        }\n        // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\u5411\u5de6\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n        // \u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b9e\u73b0 front \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u540e\u56de\u5230\u5c3e\u90e8\n        front = index(front - 1);\n        // \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u9996\n        nums[front] = num;\n        queSize++;\n    }\n\n    /* \u961f\u5c3e\u5165\u961f */\n    public void pushLast(int num) {\n        if (queSize == capacity()) {\n            System.out.println(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5df2\u6ee1\");\n            return;\n        }\n        // \u8ba1\u7b97\u961f\u5c3e\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u5c3e\u7d22\u5f15 + 1\n        int rear = index(front + queSize);\n        // \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u5c3e\n        nums[rear] = num;\n        queSize++;\n    }\n\n    /* \u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f */\n    public int popFirst() {\n        int num = peekFirst();\n        // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n        front = index(front + 1);\n        queSize--;\n        return num;\n    }\n\n    /* \u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f */\n    public int popLast() {\n        int num = peekLast();\n        queSize--;\n        return num;\n    }\n\n    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\n    public int peekFirst() {\n        if (isEmpty())\n            throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();\n        return nums[front];\n    }\n\n    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20 */\n    public int peekLast() {\n        if (isEmpty())\n            throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();\n        // \u8ba1\u7b97\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\n        int last = index(front + queSize - 1);\n        return nums[last];\n    }\n\n    /* \u8fd4\u56de\u6570\u7ec4\u7528\u4e8e\u6253\u5370 */\n    public int[] toArray() {\n        // \u4ec5\u8f6c\u6362\u6709\u6548\u957f\u5ea6\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\n        int[] res = new int[queSize];\n        for (int i = 0, j = front; i < queSize; i++, j++) {\n            res[i] = nums[index(j)];\n        }\n        return res;\n    }\n}\n
    array_deque.cs
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217 */\nclass ArrayDeque {\n    int[] nums;  // \u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\n    int front;   // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\n    int queSize; // \u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\n\n    /* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\n    public ArrayDeque(int capacity) {\n        nums = new int[capacity];\n        front = queSize = 0;\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf */\n    int Capacity() {\n        return nums.Length;\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\n    public int Size() {\n        return queSize;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5224\u65ad\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\n    public bool IsEmpty() {\n        return queSize == 0;\n    }\n\n    /* \u8ba1\u7b97\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15 */\n    int Index(int i) {\n        // \u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b9e\u73b0\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5c3e\u76f8\u8fde\n        // \u5f53 i \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u540e\uff0c\u56de\u5230\u5934\u90e8\n        // \u5f53 i \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u540e\uff0c\u56de\u5230\u5c3e\u90e8\n        return (i + Capacity()) % Capacity();\n    }\n\n    /* \u961f\u9996\u5165\u961f */\n    public void PushFirst(int num) {\n        if (queSize == Capacity()) {\n            Console.WriteLine(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5df2\u6ee1\");\n            return;\n        }\n        // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\u5411\u5de6\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n        // \u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b9e\u73b0 front \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u540e\u56de\u5230\u5c3e\u90e8\n        front = Index(front - 1);\n        // \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u9996\n        nums[front] = num;\n        queSize++;\n    }\n\n    /* \u961f\u5c3e\u5165\u961f */\n    public void PushLast(int num) {\n        if (queSize == Capacity()) {\n            Console.WriteLine(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5df2\u6ee1\");\n            return;\n        }\n        // \u8ba1\u7b97\u961f\u5c3e\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u5c3e\u7d22\u5f15 + 1\n        int rear = Index(front + queSize);\n        // \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u5c3e\n        nums[rear] = num;\n        queSize++;\n    }\n\n    /* \u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f */\n    public int PopFirst() {\n        int num = PeekFirst();\n        // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n        front = Index(front + 1);\n        queSize--;\n        return num;\n    }\n\n    /* \u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f */\n    public int PopLast() {\n        int num = PeekLast();\n        queSize--;\n        return num;\n    }\n\n    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\n    public int PeekFirst() {\n        if (IsEmpty()) {\n            throw new InvalidOperationException();\n        }\n        return nums[front];\n    }\n\n    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20 */\n    public int PeekLast() {\n        if (IsEmpty()) {\n            throw new InvalidOperationException();\n        }\n        // \u8ba1\u7b97\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\n        int last = Index(front + queSize - 1);\n        return nums[last];\n    }\n\n    /* \u8fd4\u56de\u6570\u7ec4\u7528\u4e8e\u6253\u5370 */\n    public int[] ToArray() {\n        // \u4ec5\u8f6c\u6362\u6709\u6548\u957f\u5ea6\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\n        int[] res = new int[queSize];\n        for (int i = 0, j = front; i < queSize; i++, j++) {\n            res[i] = nums[Index(j)];\n        }\n        return res;\n    }\n}\n
    array_deque.go
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217 */\ntype arrayDeque struct {\n    nums        []int // \u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\n    front       int   // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\n    queSize     int   // \u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\n    queCapacity int   // \u961f\u5217\u5bb9\u91cf\uff08\u5373\u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u7eb3\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\uff09\n}\n\n/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u961f\u5217 */\nfunc newArrayDeque(queCapacity int) *arrayDeque {\n    return &arrayDeque{\n        nums:        make([]int, queCapacity),\n        queCapacity: queCapacity,\n        front:       0,\n        queSize:     0,\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nfunc (q *arrayDeque) size() int {\n    return q.queSize\n}\n\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nfunc (q *arrayDeque) isEmpty() bool {\n    return q.queSize == 0\n}\n\n/* \u8ba1\u7b97\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15 */\nfunc (q *arrayDeque) index(i int) int {\n    // \u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b9e\u73b0\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5c3e\u76f8\u8fde\n    // \u5f53 i \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u540e\uff0c\u56de\u5230\u5934\u90e8\n    // \u5f53 i \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u540e\uff0c\u56de\u5230\u5c3e\u90e8\n    return (i + q.queCapacity) % q.queCapacity\n}\n\n/* \u961f\u9996\u5165\u961f */\nfunc (q *arrayDeque) pushFirst(num int) {\n    if q.queSize == q.queCapacity {\n        fmt.Println(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5df2\u6ee1\")\n        return\n    }\n    // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\u5411\u5de6\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n    // \u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b9e\u73b0 front \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u540e\u56de\u5230\u5c3e\u90e8\n    q.front = q.index(q.front - 1)\n    // \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u9996\n    q.nums[q.front] = num\n    q.queSize++\n}\n\n/* \u961f\u5c3e\u5165\u961f */\nfunc (q *arrayDeque) pushLast(num int) {\n    if q.queSize == q.queCapacity {\n        fmt.Println(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5df2\u6ee1\")\n        return\n    }\n    // \u8ba1\u7b97\u961f\u5c3e\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u5c3e\u7d22\u5f15 + 1\n    rear := q.index(q.front + q.queSize)\n    // \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u9996\n    q.nums[rear] = num\n    q.queSize++\n}\n\n/* \u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f */\nfunc (q *arrayDeque) popFirst() any {\n    num := q.peekFirst()\n    // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n    q.front = q.index(q.front + 1)\n    q.queSize--\n    return num\n}\n\n/* \u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f */\nfunc (q *arrayDeque) popLast() any {\n    num := q.peekLast()\n    q.queSize--\n    return num\n}\n\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunc (q *arrayDeque) peekFirst() any {\n    if q.isEmpty() {\n        return nil\n    }\n    return q.nums[q.front]\n}\n\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunc (q *arrayDeque) peekLast() any {\n    if q.isEmpty() {\n        return nil\n    }\n    // \u8ba1\u7b97\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\n    last := q.index(q.front + q.queSize - 1)\n    return q.nums[last]\n}\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6 Slice \u7528\u4e8e\u6253\u5370 */\nfunc (q *arrayDeque) toSlice() []int {\n    // \u4ec5\u8f6c\u6362\u6709\u6548\u957f\u5ea6\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\n    res := make([]int, q.queSize)\n    for i, j := 0, q.front; i < q.queSize; i++ {\n        res[i] = q.nums[q.index(j)]\n        j++\n    }\n    return res\n}\n
    array_deque.swift
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217 */\nclass ArrayDeque {\n    private var nums: [Int] // \u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\n    private var front: Int // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\n    private var queSize: Int // \u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\n\n    /* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\n    init(capacity: Int) {\n        nums = Array(repeating: 0, count: capacity)\n        front = 0\n        queSize = 0\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf */\n    func capacity() -> Int {\n        nums.count\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\n    func size() -> Int {\n        queSize\n    }\n\n    /* \u5224\u65ad\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\n    func isEmpty() -> Bool {\n        size() == 0\n    }\n\n    /* \u8ba1\u7b97\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15 */\n    private func index(i: Int) -> Int {\n        // \u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b9e\u73b0\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5c3e\u76f8\u8fde\n        // \u5f53 i \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u540e\uff0c\u56de\u5230\u5934\u90e8\n        // \u5f53 i \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u540e\uff0c\u56de\u5230\u5c3e\u90e8\n        (i + capacity()) % capacity()\n    }\n\n    /* \u961f\u9996\u5165\u961f */\n    func pushFirst(num: Int) {\n        if size() == capacity() {\n            print(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5df2\u6ee1\")\n            return\n        }\n        // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\u5411\u5de6\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n        // \u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b9e\u73b0 front \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u540e\u56de\u5230\u5c3e\u90e8\n        front = index(i: front - 1)\n        // \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u9996\n        nums[front] = num\n        queSize += 1\n    }\n\n    /* \u961f\u5c3e\u5165\u961f */\n    func pushLast(num: Int) {\n        if size() == capacity() {\n            print(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5df2\u6ee1\")\n            return\n        }\n        // \u8ba1\u7b97\u961f\u5c3e\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u5c3e\u7d22\u5f15 + 1\n        let rear = index(i: front + size())\n        // \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u5c3e\n        nums[rear] = num\n        queSize += 1\n    }\n\n    /* \u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f */\n    func popFirst() -> Int {\n        let num = peekFirst()\n        // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n        front = index(i: front + 1)\n        queSize -= 1\n        return num\n    }\n\n    /* \u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f */\n    func popLast() -> Int {\n        let num = peekLast()\n        queSize -= 1\n        return num\n    }\n\n    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\n    func peekFirst() -> Int {\n        if isEmpty() {\n            fatalError(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\")\n        }\n        return nums[front]\n    }\n\n    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20 */\n    func peekLast() -> Int {\n        if isEmpty() {\n            fatalError(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\")\n        }\n        // \u8ba1\u7b97\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\n        let last = index(i: front + size() - 1)\n        return nums[last]\n    }\n\n    /* \u8fd4\u56de\u6570\u7ec4\u7528\u4e8e\u6253\u5370 */\n    func toArray() -> [Int] {\n        // \u4ec5\u8f6c\u6362\u6709\u6548\u957f\u5ea6\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\n        var res = Array(repeating: 0, count: size())\n        for (i, j) in sequence(first: (0, front), next: { $0 < self.size() - 1 ? ($0 + 1, $1 + 1) : nil }) {\n            res[i] = nums[index(i: j)]\n        }\n        return res\n    }\n}\n
    array_deque.js
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217 */\nclass ArrayDeque {\n    #nums; // \u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\n    #front; // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\n    #queSize; // \u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\n\n    /* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\n    constructor(capacity) {\n        this.#nums = new Array(capacity);\n        this.#front = 0;\n        this.#queSize = 0;\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf */\n    capacity() {\n        return this.#nums.length;\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\n    size() {\n        return this.#queSize;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5224\u65ad\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\n    isEmpty() {\n        return this.#queSize === 0;\n    }\n\n    /* \u8ba1\u7b97\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15 */\n    index(i) {\n        // \u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b9e\u73b0\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5c3e\u76f8\u8fde\n        // \u5f53 i \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u540e\uff0c\u56de\u5230\u5934\u90e8\n        // \u5f53 i \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u540e\uff0c\u56de\u5230\u5c3e\u90e8\n        return (i + this.capacity()) % this.capacity();\n    }\n\n    /* \u961f\u9996\u5165\u961f */\n    pushFirst(num) {\n        if (this.#queSize === this.capacity()) {\n            console.log('\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5df2\u6ee1');\n            return;\n        }\n        // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\u5411\u5de6\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n        // \u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b9e\u73b0 front \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u540e\u56de\u5230\u5c3e\u90e8\n        this.#front = this.index(this.#front - 1);\n        // \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u9996\n        this.#nums[this.#front] = num;\n        this.#queSize++;\n    }\n\n    /* \u961f\u5c3e\u5165\u961f */\n    pushLast(num) {\n        if (this.#queSize === this.capacity()) {\n            console.log('\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5df2\u6ee1');\n            return;\n        }\n        // \u8ba1\u7b97\u961f\u5c3e\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u5c3e\u7d22\u5f15 + 1\n        const rear = this.index(this.#front + this.#queSize);\n        // \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u5c3e\n        this.#nums[rear] = num;\n        this.#queSize++;\n    }\n\n    /* \u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f */\n    popFirst() {\n        const num = this.peekFirst();\n        // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n        this.#front = this.index(this.#front + 1);\n        this.#queSize--;\n        return num;\n    }\n\n    /* \u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f */\n    popLast() {\n        const num = this.peekLast();\n        this.#queSize--;\n        return num;\n    }\n\n    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\n    peekFirst() {\n        if (this.isEmpty()) throw new Error('The Deque Is Empty.');\n        return this.#nums[this.#front];\n    }\n\n    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20 */\n    peekLast() {\n        if (this.isEmpty()) throw new Error('The Deque Is Empty.');\n        // \u8ba1\u7b97\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\n        const last = this.index(this.#front + this.#queSize - 1);\n        return this.#nums[last];\n    }\n\n    /* \u8fd4\u56de\u6570\u7ec4\u7528\u4e8e\u6253\u5370 */\n    toArray() {\n        // \u4ec5\u8f6c\u6362\u6709\u6548\u957f\u5ea6\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\n        const res = [];\n        for (let i = 0, j = this.#front; i < this.#queSize; i++, j++) {\n            res[i] = this.#nums[this.index(j)];\n        }\n        return res;\n    }\n}\n
    array_deque.ts
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217 */\nclass ArrayDeque {\n    private nums: number[]; // \u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\n    private front: number; // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\n    private queSize: number; // \u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\n\n    /* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\n    constructor(capacity: number) {\n        this.nums = new Array(capacity);\n        this.front = 0;\n        this.queSize = 0;\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf */\n    capacity(): number {\n        return this.nums.length;\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\n    size(): number {\n        return this.queSize;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5224\u65ad\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\n    isEmpty(): boolean {\n        return this.queSize === 0;\n    }\n\n    /* \u8ba1\u7b97\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15 */\n    index(i: number): number {\n        // \u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b9e\u73b0\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5c3e\u76f8\u8fde\n        // \u5f53 i \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u540e\uff0c\u56de\u5230\u5934\u90e8\n        // \u5f53 i \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u540e\uff0c\u56de\u5230\u5c3e\u90e8\n        return (i + this.capacity()) % this.capacity();\n    }\n\n    /* \u961f\u9996\u5165\u961f */\n    pushFirst(num: number): void {\n        if (this.queSize === this.capacity()) {\n            console.log('\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5df2\u6ee1');\n            return;\n        }\n        // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\u5411\u5de6\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n        // \u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b9e\u73b0 front \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u540e\u56de\u5230\u5c3e\u90e8\n        this.front = this.index(this.front - 1);\n        // \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u9996\n        this.nums[this.front] = num;\n        this.queSize++;\n    }\n\n    /* \u961f\u5c3e\u5165\u961f */\n    pushLast(num: number): void {\n        if (this.queSize === this.capacity()) {\n            console.log('\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5df2\u6ee1');\n            return;\n        }\n        // \u8ba1\u7b97\u961f\u5c3e\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u5c3e\u7d22\u5f15 + 1\n        const rear: number = this.index(this.front + this.queSize);\n        // \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u5c3e\n        this.nums[rear] = num;\n        this.queSize++;\n    }\n\n    /* \u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f */\n    popFirst(): number {\n        const num: number = this.peekFirst();\n        // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n        this.front = this.index(this.front + 1);\n        this.queSize--;\n        return num;\n    }\n\n    /* \u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f */\n    popLast(): number {\n        const num: number = this.peekLast();\n        this.queSize--;\n        return num;\n    }\n\n    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\n    peekFirst(): number {\n        if (this.isEmpty()) throw new Error('The Deque Is Empty.');\n        return this.nums[this.front];\n    }\n\n    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20 */\n    peekLast(): number {\n        if (this.isEmpty()) throw new Error('The Deque Is Empty.');\n        // \u8ba1\u7b97\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\n        const last = this.index(this.front + this.queSize - 1);\n        return this.nums[last];\n    }\n\n    /* \u8fd4\u56de\u6570\u7ec4\u7528\u4e8e\u6253\u5370 */\n    toArray(): number[] {\n        // \u4ec5\u8f6c\u6362\u6709\u6548\u957f\u5ea6\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\n        const res: number[] = [];\n        for (let i = 0, j = this.front; i < this.queSize; i++, j++) {\n            res[i] = this.nums[this.index(j)];\n        }\n        return res;\n    }\n}\n
    array_deque.dart
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217 */\nclass ArrayDeque {\n  late List<int> _nums; // \u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\n  late int _front; // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\n  late int _queSize; // \u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\n\n  /* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\n  ArrayDeque(int capacity) {\n    this._nums = List.filled(capacity, 0);\n    this._front = this._queSize = 0;\n  }\n\n  /* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf */\n  int capacity() {\n    return _nums.length;\n  }\n\n  /* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\n  int size() {\n    return _queSize;\n  }\n\n  /* \u5224\u65ad\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\n  bool isEmpty() {\n    return _queSize == 0;\n  }\n\n  /* \u8ba1\u7b97\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15 */\n  int index(int i) {\n    // \u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b9e\u73b0\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5c3e\u76f8\u8fde\n    // \u5f53 i \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u540e\uff0c\u56de\u5230\u5934\u90e8\n    // \u5f53 i \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u540e\uff0c\u56de\u5230\u5c3e\u90e8\n    return (i + capacity()) % capacity();\n  }\n\n  /* \u961f\u9996\u5165\u961f */\n  void pushFirst(int _num) {\n    if (_queSize == capacity()) {\n      throw Exception(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5df2\u6ee1\");\n    }\n    // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\u5411\u5de6\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n    // \u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b9e\u73b0 _front \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u540e\u56de\u5230\u5c3e\u90e8\n    _front = index(_front - 1);\n    // \u5c06 _num \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u9996\n    _nums[_front] = _num;\n    _queSize++;\n  }\n\n  /* \u961f\u5c3e\u5165\u961f */\n  void pushLast(int _num) {\n    if (_queSize == capacity()) {\n      throw Exception(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5df2\u6ee1\");\n    }\n    // \u8ba1\u7b97\u961f\u5c3e\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u5c3e\u7d22\u5f15 + 1\n    int rear = index(_front + _queSize);\n    // \u5c06 _num \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u5c3e\n    _nums[rear] = _num;\n    _queSize++;\n  }\n\n  /* \u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f */\n  int popFirst() {\n    int _num = peekFirst();\n    // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\u5411\u53f3\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n    _front = index(_front + 1);\n    _queSize--;\n    return _num;\n  }\n\n  /* \u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f */\n  int popLast() {\n    int _num = peekLast();\n    _queSize--;\n    return _num;\n  }\n\n  /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\n  int peekFirst() {\n    if (isEmpty()) {\n      throw Exception(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\");\n    }\n    return _nums[_front];\n  }\n\n  /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20 */\n  int peekLast() {\n    if (isEmpty()) {\n      throw Exception(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\");\n    }\n    // \u8ba1\u7b97\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\n    int last = index(_front + _queSize - 1);\n    return _nums[last];\n  }\n\n  /* \u8fd4\u56de\u6570\u7ec4\u7528\u4e8e\u6253\u5370 */\n  List<int> toArray() {\n    // \u4ec5\u8f6c\u6362\u6709\u6548\u957f\u5ea6\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\n    List<int> res = List.filled(_queSize, 0);\n    for (int i = 0, j = _front; i < _queSize; i++, j++) {\n      res[i] = _nums[index(j)];\n    }\n    return res;\n  }\n}\n
    array_deque.rs
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217 */\nstruct ArrayDeque {\n    nums: Vec<i32>,     // \u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\n    front: usize,       // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\n    que_size: usize,    // \u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\n}\n\nimpl ArrayDeque {\n    /* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\n    pub fn new(capacity: usize) -> Self {\n        Self {\n            nums: vec![0; capacity],\n            front: 0,\n            que_size: 0,\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf */\n    pub fn capacity(&self) -> usize {\n        self.nums.len()\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\n    pub fn size(&self) -> usize {\n        self.que_size\n    }\n\n    /* \u5224\u65ad\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\n    pub fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {\n        self.que_size == 0\n    }\n\n    /* \u8ba1\u7b97\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15 */\n    fn index(&self, i: i32) -> usize {\n        // \u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b9e\u73b0\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5c3e\u76f8\u8fde\n        // \u5f53 i \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u540e\uff0c\u56de\u5230\u5934\u90e8\n        // \u5f53 i \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u540e\uff0c\u56de\u5230\u5c3e\u90e8\n        return ((i + self.capacity() as i32) % self.capacity() as i32) as usize;\n    }\n\n    /* \u961f\u9996\u5165\u961f */\n    pub fn push_first(&mut self, num: i32) {\n        if self.que_size == self.capacity() {\n            println!(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5df2\u6ee1\");\n            return\n        }\n        // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\u5411\u5de6\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n        // \u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b9e\u73b0 front \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u540e\u56de\u5230\u5c3e\u90e8\n        self.front = self.index(self.front as i32 - 1);\n        // \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u9996\n        self.nums[self.front] = num;\n        self.que_size += 1;\n    }\n\n    /* \u961f\u5c3e\u5165\u961f */\n    pub fn push_last(&mut self, num: i32) {\n        if self.que_size == self.capacity() {\n            println!(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5df2\u6ee1\");\n            return\n        }\n        // \u8ba1\u7b97\u961f\u5c3e\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u5c3e\u7d22\u5f15 + 1\n        let rear = self.index(self.front as i32 + self.que_size as i32);\n        // \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u5c3e\n        self.nums[rear] = num;\n        self.que_size += 1;\n    }\n\n    /* \u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f */\n    fn pop_first(&mut self) -> i32 {\n        let num = self.peek_first();\n        // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n        self.front = self.index(self.front as i32 + 1);\n        self.que_size -= 1;\n        num\n    }\n\n    /* \u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f */\n    fn pop_last(&mut self) -> i32 {\n        let num = self.peek_last();\n        self.que_size -= 1;\n        num\n    }\n\n    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\n    fn peek_first(&self) -> i32 {\n        if self.is_empty() { panic!(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\") };\n        self.nums[self.front]\n    }\n\n    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20 */\n    fn peek_last(&self) -> i32 {\n        if self.is_empty() { panic!(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\") };\n        // \u8ba1\u7b97\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\n        let last = self.index(self.front as i32 + self.que_size as i32 - 1);\n        self.nums[last]\n    }\n\n    /* \u8fd4\u56de\u6570\u7ec4\u7528\u4e8e\u6253\u5370 */\n    fn to_array(&self) -> Vec<i32> {\n        // \u4ec5\u8f6c\u6362\u6709\u6548\u957f\u5ea6\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\n        let mut res = vec![0; self.que_size];\n        let mut j = self.front;\n        for i in 0..self.que_size {\n            res[i] = self.nums[self.index(j as i32)];\n            j += 1;\n        }\n        res\n    }\n}\n
    array_deque.c
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217 */\ntypedef struct {\n    int *nums;       // \u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u961f\u5217\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\n    int front;       // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\n    int queSize;     // \u5c3e\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u5c3e + 1\n    int queCapacity; // \u961f\u5217\u5bb9\u91cf\n} ArrayDeque;\n\n/* \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570 */\nArrayDeque *newArrayDeque(int capacity) {\n    ArrayDeque *deque = (ArrayDeque *)malloc(sizeof(ArrayDeque));\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4\n    deque->queCapacity = capacity;\n    deque->nums = (int *)malloc(sizeof(int) * deque->queCapacity);\n    deque->front = deque->queSize = 0;\n    return deque;\n}\n\n/* \u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570 */\nvoid delArrayDeque(ArrayDeque *deque) {\n    free(deque->nums);\n    free(deque);\n}\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf */\nint capacity(ArrayDeque *deque) {\n    return deque->queCapacity;\n}\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nint size(ArrayDeque *deque) {\n    return deque->queSize;\n}\n\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nbool empty(ArrayDeque *deque) {\n    return deque->queSize == 0;\n}\n\n/* \u8ba1\u7b97\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15 */\nint dequeIndex(ArrayDeque *deque, int i) {\n    // \u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b9e\u73b0\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5c3e\u76f8\u8fde\n    // \u5f53 i \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u65f6\uff0c\u56de\u5230\u5934\u90e8\n    // \u5f53 i \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u540e\uff0c\u56de\u5230\u5c3e\u90e8\n    return ((i + capacity(deque)) % capacity(deque));\n}\n\n/* \u961f\u9996\u5165\u961f */\nvoid pushFirst(ArrayDeque *deque, int num) {\n    if (deque->queSize == capacity(deque)) {\n        printf(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5df2\u6ee1\\r\\n\");\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\u5411\u5de6\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n    // \u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b9e\u73b0 front \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u56de\u5230\u5c3e\u90e8\n    deque->front = dequeIndex(deque, deque->front - 1);\n    // \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u961f\u9996\n    deque->nums[deque->front] = num;\n    deque->queSize++;\n}\n\n/* \u961f\u5c3e\u5165\u961f */\nvoid pushLast(ArrayDeque *deque, int num) {\n    if (deque->queSize == capacity(deque)) {\n        printf(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5df2\u6ee1\\r\\n\");\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u8ba1\u7b97\u961f\u5c3e\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u5c3e\u7d22\u5f15 + 1\n    int rear = dequeIndex(deque, deque->front + deque->queSize);\n    // \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u5c3e\n    deque->nums[rear] = num;\n    deque->queSize++;\n}\n\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\nint peekFirst(ArrayDeque *deque) {\n    // \u8bbf\u95ee\u5f02\u5e38\uff1a\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\n    assert(empty(deque) == 0);\n    return deque->nums[deque->front];\n}\n\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20 */\nint peekLast(ArrayDeque *deque) {\n    // \u8bbf\u95ee\u5f02\u5e38\uff1a\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\n    assert(empty(deque) == 0);\n    int last = dequeIndex(deque, deque->front + deque->queSize - 1);\n    return deque->nums[last];\n}\n\n/* \u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f */\nint popFirst(ArrayDeque *deque) {\n    int num = peekFirst(deque);\n    // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n    deque->front = dequeIndex(deque, deque->front + 1);\n    deque->queSize--;\n    return num;\n}\n\n/* \u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f */\nint popLast(ArrayDeque *deque) {\n    int num = peekLast(deque);\n    deque->queSize--;\n    return num;\n}\n
    array_deque.zig
    [class]{ArrayDeque}-[func]{}\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_stack_and_queue/deque/#533","title":"5.3.3 \u00a0 \u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5e94\u7528","text":"

    \u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u517c\u5177\u6808\u4e0e\u961f\u5217\u7684\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e24\u8005\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u5ea6\u3002

    \u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7684\u201c\u64a4\u9500\u201d\u529f\u80fd\u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u6808\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\uff1a\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c06\u6bcf\u6b21\u66f4\u6539\u64cd\u4f5c push \u5230\u6808\u4e2d\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u901a\u8fc7 pop \u5b9e\u73b0\u64a4\u9500\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8003\u8651\u5230\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u8f6f\u4ef6\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u9650\u5236\u64a4\u9500\u7684\u6b65\u6570\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u4ec5\u5141\u8bb8\u4fdd\u5b58 \\(50\\) \u6b65\uff09\u3002\u5f53\u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u8d85\u8fc7 \\(50\\) \u65f6\uff0c\u8f6f\u4ef6\u9700\u8981\u5728\u6808\u5e95\uff08\u961f\u9996\uff09\u6267\u884c\u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u4f46\u6808\u65e0\u6cd5\u5b9e\u73b0\u8be5\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u6765\u66ff\u4ee3\u6808\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u201c\u64a4\u9500\u201d\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u903b\u8f91\u4ecd\u7136\u9075\u5faa\u6808\u7684\u5148\u5165\u540e\u51fa\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u80fd\u591f\u66f4\u52a0\u7075\u6d3b\u5730\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e00\u4e9b\u989d\u5916\u903b\u8f91\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_stack_and_queue/queue/","title":"5.2 \u00a0 \u961f\u5217","text":"

    \u300c\u961f\u5217 queue\u300d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u9075\u5faa\u5148\u5165\u5148\u51fa\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u7ebf\u6027\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u987e\u540d\u601d\u4e49\uff0c\u961f\u5217\u6a21\u62df\u4e86\u6392\u961f\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u5373\u65b0\u6765\u7684\u4eba\u4e0d\u65ad\u52a0\u5165\u961f\u5217\u5c3e\u90e8\uff0c\u800c\u4f4d\u4e8e\u961f\u5217\u5934\u90e8\u7684\u4eba\u9010\u4e2a\u79bb\u5f00\u3002

    \u5982\u56fe 5-4 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u961f\u5217\u5934\u90e8\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u961f\u9996\u201d\uff0c\u5c3e\u90e8\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u961f\u5c3e\u201d\uff0c\u5c06\u628a\u5143\u7d20\u52a0\u5165\u961f\u5c3e\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u5165\u961f\u201d\uff0c\u5220\u9664\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u51fa\u961f\u201d\u3002

    \u56fe 5-4 \u00a0 \u961f\u5217\u7684\u5148\u5165\u5148\u51fa\u89c4\u5219

    "},{"location":"chapter_stack_and_queue/queue/#521","title":"5.2.1 \u00a0 \u961f\u5217\u5e38\u7528\u64cd\u4f5c","text":"

    \u961f\u5217\u7684\u5e38\u89c1\u64cd\u4f5c\u5982\u8868 5-2 \u6240\u793a\u3002\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u540d\u79f0\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u6b64\u91c7\u7528\u4e0e\u6808\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u547d\u540d\u3002

    \u8868 5-2 \u00a0 \u961f\u5217\u64cd\u4f5c\u6548\u7387

    \u65b9\u6cd5\u540d \u63cf\u8ff0 \u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 push() \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u961f\uff0c\u5373\u5c06\u5143\u7d20\u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u5c3e \\(O(1)\\) pop() \u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f \\(O(1)\\) peek() \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 \\(O(1)\\)

    \u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u73b0\u6210\u7684\u961f\u5217\u7c7b\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig queue.py
    from collections import deque\n\n# \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u961f\u5217\n# \u5728 Python \u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u822c\u5c06\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7c7b deque \u5f53\u4f5c\u961f\u5217\u4f7f\u7528\n# \u867d\u7136 queue.Queue() \u662f\u7eaf\u6b63\u7684\u961f\u5217\u7c7b\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u592a\u597d\u7528\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u63a8\u8350\nque: deque[int] = deque()\n\n# \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u961f\nque.append(1)\nque.append(3)\nque.append(2)\nque.append(5)\nque.append(4)\n\n# \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\nfront: int = que[0];\n\n# \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f\npop: int = que.popleft()\n\n# \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\nsize: int = len(que)\n\n# \u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a\nis_empty: bool = len(que) == 0\n
    queue.cpp
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u961f\u5217 */\nqueue<int> queue;\n\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u961f */\nqueue.push(1);\nqueue.push(3);\nqueue.push(2);\nqueue.push(5);\nqueue.push(4);\n\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\nint front = queue.front();\n\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f */\nqueue.pop();\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nint size = queue.size();\n\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nbool empty = queue.empty();\n
    queue.java
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u961f\u5217 */\nQueue<Integer> queue = new LinkedList<>();\n\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u961f */\nqueue.offer(1);\nqueue.offer(3);\nqueue.offer(2);\nqueue.offer(5);\nqueue.offer(4);\n\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\nint peek = queue.peek();\n\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f */\nint pop = queue.poll();\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nint size = queue.size();\n\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nboolean isEmpty = queue.isEmpty();\n
    queue.cs
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u961f\u5217 */\nQueue<int> queue = new();\n\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u961f */\nqueue.Enqueue(1);\nqueue.Enqueue(3);\nqueue.Enqueue(2);\nqueue.Enqueue(5);\nqueue.Enqueue(4);\n\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\nint peek = queue.Peek();\n\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f */\nint pop = queue.Dequeue();\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nint size = queue.Count;\n\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nbool isEmpty = queue.Count == 0;\n
    queue_test.go
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u961f\u5217 */\n// \u5728 Go \u4e2d\uff0c\u5c06 list \u4f5c\u4e3a\u961f\u5217\u6765\u4f7f\u7528\nqueue := list.New()\n\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u961f */\nqueue.PushBack(1)\nqueue.PushBack(3)\nqueue.PushBack(2)\nqueue.PushBack(5)\nqueue.PushBack(4)\n\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\npeek := queue.Front()\n\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f */\npop := queue.Front()\nqueue.Remove(pop)\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nsize := queue.Len()\n\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nisEmpty := queue.Len() == 0\n
    queue.swift
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u961f\u5217 */\n// Swift \u6ca1\u6709\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u961f\u5217\u7c7b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a Array \u5f53\u4f5c\u961f\u5217\u6765\u4f7f\u7528\nvar queue: [Int] = []\n\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u961f */\nqueue.append(1)\nqueue.append(3)\nqueue.append(2)\nqueue.append(5)\nqueue.append(4)\n\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\nlet peek = queue.first!\n\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f */\n// \u7531\u4e8e\u662f\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64 removeFirst \u7684\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a O(n)\nlet pool = queue.removeFirst()\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nlet size = queue.count\n\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nlet isEmpty = queue.isEmpty\n
    queue.js
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u961f\u5217 */\n// JavaScript \u6ca1\u6709\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u961f\u5217\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a Array \u5f53\u4f5c\u961f\u5217\u6765\u4f7f\u7528\nconst queue = [];\n\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u961f */\nqueue.push(1);\nqueue.push(3);\nqueue.push(2);\nqueue.push(5);\nqueue.push(4);\n\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\nconst peek = queue[0];\n\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f */\n// \u5e95\u5c42\u662f\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64 shift() \u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a O(n)\nconst pop = queue.shift();\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nconst size = queue.length;\n\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nconst empty = queue.length === 0;\n
    queue.ts
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u961f\u5217 */\n// TypeScript \u6ca1\u6709\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u961f\u5217\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a Array \u5f53\u4f5c\u961f\u5217\u6765\u4f7f\u7528 \nconst queue: number[] = [];\n\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u961f */\nqueue.push(1);\nqueue.push(3);\nqueue.push(2);\nqueue.push(5);\nqueue.push(4);\n\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\nconst peek = queue[0];\n\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f */\n// \u5e95\u5c42\u662f\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64 shift() \u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a O(n)\nconst pop = queue.shift();\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nconst size = queue.length;\n\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nconst empty = queue.length === 0;\n
    queue.dart
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u961f\u5217 */\n// \u5728 Dart \u4e2d\uff0c\u961f\u5217\u7c7b Qeque \u662f\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4f5c\u4e3a\u961f\u5217\u4f7f\u7528\nQueue<int> queue = Queue();\n\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u961f */\nqueue.add(1);\nqueue.add(3);\nqueue.add(2);\nqueue.add(5);\nqueue.add(4);\n\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\nint peek = queue.first;\n\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f */\nint pop = queue.removeFirst();\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nint size = queue.length;\n\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nbool isEmpty = queue.isEmpty;\n
    queue.rs
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217 */\n// \u5728 Rust \u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u4f5c\u4e3a\u666e\u901a\u961f\u5217\u6765\u4f7f\u7528\nlet mut deque: VecDeque<u32> = VecDeque::new();\n\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u961f */\ndeque.push_back(1);\ndeque.push_back(3);\ndeque.push_back(2);\ndeque.push_back(5);\ndeque.push_back(4);\n\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\nif let Some(front) = deque.front() {\n}\n\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f */\nif let Some(pop) = deque.pop_front() {\n}\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nlet size = deque.len();\n\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nlet is_empty = deque.is_empty();\n
    queue.c
    // C \u672a\u63d0\u4f9b\u5185\u7f6e\u961f\u5217\n
    queue.zig
    \n
    "},{"location":"chapter_stack_and_queue/queue/#522","title":"5.2.2 \u00a0 \u961f\u5217\u5b9e\u73b0","text":"

    \u4e3a\u4e86\u5b9e\u73b0\u961f\u5217\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e00\u7aef\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u7aef\u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u94fe\u8868\u548c\u6570\u7ec4\u90fd\u7b26\u5408\u8981\u6c42\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_stack_and_queue/queue/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0","text":"

    \u5982\u56fe 5-5 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u201c\u5934\u8282\u70b9\u201d\u548c\u201c\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u201d\u5206\u522b\u89c6\u4e3a\u201c\u961f\u9996\u201d\u548c\u201c\u961f\u5c3e\u201d\uff0c\u89c4\u5b9a\u961f\u5c3e\u4ec5\u53ef\u6dfb\u52a0\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u961f\u9996\u4ec5\u53ef\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u3002

    LinkedListQueuepush()pop()

    \u56fe 5-5 \u00a0 \u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u961f\u5217\u7684\u5165\u961f\u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c

    \u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u7528\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u961f\u5217\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig linkedlist_queue.py
    class LinkedListQueue:\n    \"\"\"\u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u961f\u5217\"\"\"\n\n    def __init__(self):\n        \"\"\"\u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5\"\"\"\n        self._front: ListNode | None = None  # \u5934\u8282\u70b9 front\n        self._rear: ListNode | None = None  # \u5c3e\u8282\u70b9 rear\n        self._size: int = 0\n\n    def size(self) -> int:\n        \"\"\"\u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\"\"\"\n        return self._size\n\n    def is_empty(self) -> bool:\n        \"\"\"\u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a\"\"\"\n        return not self._front\n\n    def push(self, num: int):\n        \"\"\"\u5165\u961f\"\"\"\n        # \u5728\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u6dfb\u52a0 num\n        node = ListNode(num)\n        # \u5982\u679c\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u4ee4\u5934\u3001\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u6307\u5411\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\n        if self._front is None:\n            self._front = node\n            self._rear = node\n        # \u5982\u679c\u961f\u5217\u4e0d\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u540e\n        else:\n            self._rear.next = node\n            self._rear = node\n        self._size += 1\n\n    def pop(self) -> int:\n        \"\"\"\u51fa\u961f\"\"\"\n        num = self.peek()\n        # \u5220\u9664\u5934\u8282\u70b9\n        self._front = self._front.next\n        self._size -= 1\n        return num\n\n    def peek(self) -> int:\n        \"\"\"\u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\"\"\"\n        if self.is_empty():\n            raise IndexError(\"\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\")\n        return self._front.val\n\n    def to_list(self) -> list[int]:\n        \"\"\"\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u5217\u8868\u7528\u4e8e\u6253\u5370\"\"\"\n        queue = []\n        temp = self._front\n        while temp:\n            queue.append(temp.val)\n            temp = temp.next\n        return queue\n
    linkedlist_queue.cpp
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u961f\u5217 */\nclass LinkedListQueue {\n  private:\n    ListNode *front, *rear; // \u5934\u8282\u70b9 front \uff0c\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9 rear\n    int queSize;\n\n  public:\n    LinkedListQueue() {\n        front = nullptr;\n        rear = nullptr;\n        queSize = 0;\n    }\n\n    ~LinkedListQueue() {\n        // \u904d\u5386\u94fe\u8868\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\n        freeMemoryLinkedList(front);\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\n    int size() {\n        return queSize;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\n    bool isEmpty() {\n        return queSize == 0;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5165\u961f */\n    void push(int num) {\n        // \u5728\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u6dfb\u52a0 num\n        ListNode *node = new ListNode(num);\n        // \u5982\u679c\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u4ee4\u5934\u3001\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u6307\u5411\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\n        if (front == nullptr) {\n            front = node;\n            rear = node;\n        }\n        // \u5982\u679c\u961f\u5217\u4e0d\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u540e\n        else {\n            rear->next = node;\n            rear = node;\n        }\n        queSize++;\n    }\n\n    /* \u51fa\u961f */\n    int pop() {\n        int num = peek();\n        // \u5220\u9664\u5934\u8282\u70b9\n        ListNode *tmp = front;\n        front = front->next;\n        // \u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\n        delete tmp;\n        queSize--;\n        return num;\n    }\n\n    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\n    int peek() {\n        if (size() == 0)\n            throw out_of_range(\"\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\");\n        return front->val;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5c06\u94fe\u8868\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a Vector \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de */\n    vector<int> toVector() {\n        ListNode *node = front;\n        vector<int> res(size());\n        for (int i = 0; i < res.size(); i++) {\n            res[i] = node->val;\n            node = node->next;\n        }\n        return res;\n    }\n};\n
    linkedlist_queue.java
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u961f\u5217 */\nclass LinkedListQueue {\n    private ListNode front, rear; // \u5934\u8282\u70b9 front \uff0c\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9 rear\n    private int queSize = 0;\n\n    public LinkedListQueue() {\n        front = null;\n        rear = null;\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\n    public int size() {\n        return queSize;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\n    public boolean isEmpty() {\n        return size() == 0;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5165\u961f */\n    public void push(int num) {\n        // \u5728\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u6dfb\u52a0 num\n        ListNode node = new ListNode(num);\n        // \u5982\u679c\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u4ee4\u5934\u3001\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u6307\u5411\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\n        if (front == null) {\n            front = node;\n            rear = node;\n        // \u5982\u679c\u961f\u5217\u4e0d\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u540e\n        } else {\n            rear.next = node;\n            rear = node;\n        }\n        queSize++;\n    }\n\n    /* \u51fa\u961f */\n    public int pop() {\n        int num = peek();\n        // \u5220\u9664\u5934\u8282\u70b9\n        front = front.next;\n        queSize--;\n        return num;\n    }\n\n    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\n    public int peek() {\n        if (isEmpty())\n            throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();\n        return front.val;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5c06\u94fe\u8868\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a Array \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de */\n    public int[] toArray() {\n        ListNode node = front;\n        int[] res = new int[size()];\n        for (int i = 0; i < res.length; i++) {\n            res[i] = node.val;\n            node = node.next;\n        }\n        return res;\n    }\n}\n
    linkedlist_queue.cs
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u961f\u5217 */\nclass LinkedListQueue {\n    ListNode? front, rear;  // \u5934\u8282\u70b9 front \uff0c\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9 rear \n    int queSize = 0;\n\n    public LinkedListQueue() {\n        front = null;\n        rear = null;\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\n    public int Size() {\n        return queSize;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\n    public bool IsEmpty() {\n        return Size() == 0;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5165\u961f */\n    public void Push(int num) {\n        // \u5728\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u6dfb\u52a0 num\n        ListNode node = new(num);\n        // \u5982\u679c\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u4ee4\u5934\u3001\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u6307\u5411\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\n        if (front == null) {\n            front = node;\n            rear = node;\n            // \u5982\u679c\u961f\u5217\u4e0d\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u540e\n        } else if (rear != null) {\n            rear.next = node;\n            rear = node;\n        }\n        queSize++;\n    }\n\n    /* \u51fa\u961f */\n    public int Pop() {\n        int num = Peek();\n        // \u5220\u9664\u5934\u8282\u70b9\n        front = front?.next;\n        queSize--;\n        return num;\n    }\n\n    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\n    public int Peek() {\n        if (IsEmpty())\n            throw new Exception();\n        return front!.val;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5c06\u94fe\u8868\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a Array \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de */\n    public int[] ToArray() {\n        if (front == null)\n            return [];\n\n        ListNode? node = front;\n        int[] res = new int[Size()];\n        for (int i = 0; i < res.Length; i++) {\n            res[i] = node!.val;\n            node = node.next;\n        }\n        return res;\n    }\n}\n
    linkedlist_queue.go
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u961f\u5217 */\ntype linkedListQueue struct {\n    // \u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u7f6e\u5305 list \u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u961f\u5217\n    data *list.List\n}\n\n/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u961f\u5217 */\nfunc newLinkedListQueue() *linkedListQueue {\n    return &linkedListQueue{\n        data: list.New(),\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u5165\u961f */\nfunc (s *linkedListQueue) push(value any) {\n    s.data.PushBack(value)\n}\n\n/* \u51fa\u961f */\nfunc (s *linkedListQueue) pop() any {\n    if s.isEmpty() {\n        return nil\n    }\n    e := s.data.Front()\n    s.data.Remove(e)\n    return e.Value\n}\n\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunc (s *linkedListQueue) peek() any {\n    if s.isEmpty() {\n        return nil\n    }\n    e := s.data.Front()\n    return e.Value\n}\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nfunc (s *linkedListQueue) size() int {\n    return s.data.Len()\n}\n\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nfunc (s *linkedListQueue) isEmpty() bool {\n    return s.data.Len() == 0\n}\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6 List \u7528\u4e8e\u6253\u5370 */\nfunc (s *linkedListQueue) toList() *list.List {\n    return s.data\n}\n
    linkedlist_queue.swift
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u961f\u5217 */\nclass LinkedListQueue {\n    private var front: ListNode? // \u5934\u8282\u70b9\n    private var rear: ListNode? // \u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\n    private var _size = 0\n\n    init() {}\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\n    func size() -> Int {\n        _size\n    }\n\n    /* \u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\n    func isEmpty() -> Bool {\n        size() == 0\n    }\n\n    /* \u5165\u961f */\n    func push(num: Int) {\n        // \u5728\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u6dfb\u52a0 num\n        let node = ListNode(x: num)\n        // \u5982\u679c\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u4ee4\u5934\u3001\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u6307\u5411\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\n        if front == nil {\n            front = node\n            rear = node\n        }\n        // \u5982\u679c\u961f\u5217\u4e0d\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u540e\n        else {\n            rear?.next = node\n            rear = node\n        }\n        _size += 1\n    }\n\n    /* \u51fa\u961f */\n    @discardableResult\n    func pop() -> Int {\n        let num = peek()\n        // \u5220\u9664\u5934\u8282\u70b9\n        front = front?.next\n        _size -= 1\n        return num\n    }\n\n    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\n    func peek() -> Int {\n        if isEmpty() {\n            fatalError(\"\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\")\n        }\n        return front!.val\n    }\n\n    /* \u5c06\u94fe\u8868\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a Array \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de */\n    func toArray() -> [Int] {\n        var node = front\n        var res = Array(repeating: 0, count: size())\n        for i in res.indices {\n            res[i] = node!.val\n            node = node?.next\n        }\n        return res\n    }\n}\n
    linkedlist_queue.js
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u961f\u5217 */\nclass LinkedListQueue {\n    #front; // \u5934\u8282\u70b9 #front\n    #rear; // \u5c3e\u8282\u70b9 #rear\n    #queSize = 0;\n\n    constructor() {\n        this.#front = null;\n        this.#rear = null;\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\n    get size() {\n        return this.#queSize;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\n    isEmpty() {\n        return this.size === 0;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5165\u961f */\n    push(num) {\n        // \u5728\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u6dfb\u52a0 num\n        const node = new ListNode(num);\n        // \u5982\u679c\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u4ee4\u5934\u3001\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u6307\u5411\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\n        if (!this.#front) {\n            this.#front = node;\n            this.#rear = node;\n            // \u5982\u679c\u961f\u5217\u4e0d\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u540e\n        } else {\n            this.#rear.next = node;\n            this.#rear = node;\n        }\n        this.#queSize++;\n    }\n\n    /* \u51fa\u961f */\n    pop() {\n        const num = this.peek();\n        // \u5220\u9664\u5934\u8282\u70b9\n        this.#front = this.#front.next;\n        this.#queSize--;\n        return num;\n    }\n\n    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\n    peek() {\n        if (this.size === 0) throw new Error('\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a');\n        return this.#front.val;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5c06\u94fe\u8868\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a Array \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de */\n    toArray() {\n        let node = this.#front;\n        const res = new Array(this.size);\n        for (let i = 0; i < res.length; i++) {\n            res[i] = node.val;\n            node = node.next;\n        }\n        return res;\n    }\n}\n
    linkedlist_queue.ts
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u961f\u5217 */\nclass LinkedListQueue {\n    private front: ListNode | null; // \u5934\u8282\u70b9 front\n    private rear: ListNode | null; // \u5c3e\u8282\u70b9 rear\n    private queSize: number = 0;\n\n    constructor() {\n        this.front = null;\n        this.rear = null;\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\n    get size(): number {\n        return this.queSize;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\n    isEmpty(): boolean {\n        return this.size === 0;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5165\u961f */\n    push(num: number): void {\n        // \u5728\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u6dfb\u52a0 num\n        const node = new ListNode(num);\n        // \u5982\u679c\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u4ee4\u5934\u3001\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u6307\u5411\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\n        if (!this.front) {\n            this.front = node;\n            this.rear = node;\n            // \u5982\u679c\u961f\u5217\u4e0d\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u540e\n        } else {\n            this.rear!.next = node;\n            this.rear = node;\n        }\n        this.queSize++;\n    }\n\n    /* \u51fa\u961f */\n    pop(): number {\n        const num = this.peek();\n        if (!this.front) throw new Error('\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a');\n        // \u5220\u9664\u5934\u8282\u70b9\n        this.front = this.front.next;\n        this.queSize--;\n        return num;\n    }\n\n    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\n    peek(): number {\n        if (this.size === 0) throw new Error('\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a');\n        return this.front!.val;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5c06\u94fe\u8868\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a Array \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de */\n    toArray(): number[] {\n        let node = this.front;\n        const res = new Array<number>(this.size);\n        for (let i = 0; i < res.length; i++) {\n            res[i] = node!.val;\n            node = node!.next;\n        }\n        return res;\n    }\n}\n
    linkedlist_queue.dart
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u961f\u5217 */\nclass LinkedListQueue {\n  ListNode? _front; // \u5934\u8282\u70b9 _front\n  ListNode? _rear; // \u5c3e\u8282\u70b9 _rear\n  int _queSize = 0; // \u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\n\n  LinkedListQueue() {\n    _front = null;\n    _rear = null;\n  }\n\n  /* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\n  int size() {\n    return _queSize;\n  }\n\n  /* \u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\n  bool isEmpty() {\n    return _queSize == 0;\n  }\n\n  /* \u5165\u961f */\n  void push(int _num) {\n    // \u5728\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u6dfb\u52a0 _num\n    final node = ListNode(_num);\n    // \u5982\u679c\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u4ee4\u5934\u3001\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u6307\u5411\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\n    if (_front == null) {\n      _front = node;\n      _rear = node;\n    } else {\n      // \u5982\u679c\u961f\u5217\u4e0d\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u540e\n      _rear!.next = node;\n      _rear = node;\n    }\n    _queSize++;\n  }\n\n  /* \u51fa\u961f */\n  int pop() {\n    final int _num = peek();\n    // \u5220\u9664\u5934\u8282\u70b9\n    _front = _front!.next;\n    _queSize--;\n    return _num;\n  }\n\n  /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\n  int peek() {\n    if (_queSize == 0) {\n      throw Exception('\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a');\n    }\n    return _front!.val;\n  }\n\n  /* \u5c06\u94fe\u8868\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a Array \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de */\n  List<int> toArray() {\n    ListNode? node = _front;\n    final List<int> queue = [];\n    while (node != null) {\n      queue.add(node.val);\n      node = node.next;\n    }\n    return queue;\n  }\n}\n
    linkedlist_queue.rs
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u961f\u5217 */\n#[allow(dead_code)]\npub struct LinkedListQueue<T> {\n    front: Option<Rc<RefCell<ListNode<T>>>>,    // \u5934\u8282\u70b9 front\n    rear: Option<Rc<RefCell<ListNode<T>>>>,     // \u5c3e\u8282\u70b9 rear \n    que_size: usize,                            // \u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\n}\n\nimpl<T: Copy> LinkedListQueue<T> {\n    pub fn new() -> Self {\n        Self {\n            front: None,\n            rear: None,\n            que_size: 0, \n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\n    pub fn size(&self) -> usize {\n        return self.que_size;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\n    pub fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {\n        return self.size() == 0;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5165\u961f */\n    pub fn push(&mut self, num: T) {\n        // \u5728\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u6dfb\u52a0 num\n        let new_rear = ListNode::new(num);\n        match self.rear.take() {\n            // \u5982\u679c\u961f\u5217\u4e0d\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u540e\n            Some(old_rear) => {\n                old_rear.borrow_mut().next = Some(new_rear.clone());\n                self.rear = Some(new_rear);\n            }\n            // \u5982\u679c\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u4ee4\u5934\u3001\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u6307\u5411\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\n            None => {\n                self.front = Some(new_rear.clone());\n                self.rear = Some(new_rear);\n            }\n        }\n        self.que_size += 1;\n    }\n\n    /* \u51fa\u961f */\n    pub fn pop(&mut self) -> Option<T> {\n        self.front.take().map(|old_front| {\n            match old_front.borrow_mut().next.take() {\n                Some(new_front) => {\n                    self.front = Some(new_front);\n                }\n                None => {\n                    self.rear.take();\n                }\n            }\n            self.que_size -= 1;\n            Rc::try_unwrap(old_front).ok().unwrap().into_inner().val\n        })\n    }\n\n    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\n    pub fn peek(&self) -> Option<&Rc<RefCell<ListNode<T>>>> {\n        self.front.as_ref()\n    }\n\n    /* \u5c06\u94fe\u8868\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a Array \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de */\n    pub fn to_array(&self, head: Option<&Rc<RefCell<ListNode<T>>>>) -> Vec<T> {\n        if let Some(node) = head {\n            let mut nums = self.to_array(node.borrow().next.as_ref());\n            nums.insert(0, node.borrow().val);\n            return nums;\n        }\n        return Vec::new();\n    }\n}\n
    linkedlist_queue.c
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u961f\u5217 */\ntypedef struct {\n    ListNode *front, *rear;\n    int queSize;\n} LinkedListQueue;\n\n/* \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570 */\nLinkedListQueue *newLinkedListQueue() {\n    LinkedListQueue *queue = (LinkedListQueue *)malloc(sizeof(LinkedListQueue));\n    queue->front = NULL;\n    queue->rear = NULL;\n    queue->queSize = 0;\n    return queue;\n}\n\n/* \u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570 */\nvoid delLinkedListQueue(LinkedListQueue *queue) {\n    // \u91ca\u653e\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\n    for (int i = 0; i < queue->queSize && queue->front != NULL; i++) {\n        ListNode *tmp = queue->front;\n        queue->front = queue->front->next;\n        free(tmp);\n    }\n    // \u91ca\u653e queue \u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\n    free(queue);\n}\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nint size(LinkedListQueue *queue) {\n    return queue->queSize;\n}\n\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nbool empty(LinkedListQueue *queue) {\n    return (size(queue) == 0);\n}\n\n/* \u5165\u961f */\nvoid push(LinkedListQueue *queue, int num) {\n    // \u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u5904\u6dfb\u52a0 node\n    ListNode *node = newListNode(num);\n    // \u5982\u679c\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u4ee4\u5934\u3001\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u6307\u5411\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\n    if (queue->front == NULL) {\n        queue->front = node;\n        queue->rear = node;\n    }\n    // \u5982\u679c\u961f\u5217\u4e0d\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u540e\n    else {\n        queue->rear->next = node;\n        queue->rear = node;\n    }\n    queue->queSize++;\n}\n\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\nint peek(LinkedListQueue *queue) {\n    assert(size(queue) && queue->front);\n    return queue->front->val;\n}\n\n/* \u51fa\u961f */\nint pop(LinkedListQueue *queue) {\n    int num = peek(queue);\n    ListNode *tmp = queue->front;\n    queue->front = queue->front->next;\n    free(tmp);\n    queue->queSize--;\n    return num;\n}\n\n/* \u6253\u5370\u961f\u5217 */\nvoid printLinkedListQueue(LinkedListQueue *queue) {\n    int *arr = malloc(sizeof(int) * queue->queSize);\n    // \u62f7\u8d1d\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5230\u6570\u7ec4\n    int i;\n    ListNode *node;\n    for (i = 0, node = queue->front; i < queue->queSize; i++) {\n        arr[i] = node->val;\n        node = node->next;\n    }\n    printArray(arr, queue->queSize);\n    free(arr);\n}\n
    linkedlist_queue.zig
    // \u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u961f\u5217\nfn LinkedListQueue(comptime T: type) type {\n    return struct {\n        const Self = @This();\n\n        front: ?*inc.ListNode(T) = null,                // \u5934\u8282\u70b9 front\n        rear: ?*inc.ListNode(T) = null,                 // \u5c3e\u8282\u70b9 rear\n        que_size: usize = 0,                            // \u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\n        mem_arena: ?std.heap.ArenaAllocator = null,\n        mem_allocator: std.mem.Allocator = undefined,   // \u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u5668\n\n        // \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\uff08\u5206\u914d\u5185\u5b58+\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u961f\u5217\uff09\n        pub fn init(self: *Self, allocator: std.mem.Allocator) !void {\n            if (self.mem_arena == null) {\n                self.mem_arena = std.heap.ArenaAllocator.init(allocator);\n                self.mem_allocator = self.mem_arena.?.allocator();\n            }\n            self.front = null;\n            self.rear = null;\n            self.que_size = 0;\n        }\n\n        // \u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\uff08\u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\uff09\n        pub fn deinit(self: *Self) void {\n            if (self.mem_arena == null) return;\n            self.mem_arena.?.deinit();\n        }\n\n        // \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\n        pub fn size(self: *Self) usize {\n            return self.que_size;\n        }\n\n        // \u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a\n        pub fn isEmpty(self: *Self) bool {\n            return self.size() == 0;\n        }\n\n        // \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\n        pub fn peek(self: *Self) T {\n            if (self.size() == 0) @panic(\"\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\");\n            return self.front.?.val;\n        }  \n\n        // \u5165\u961f\n        pub fn push(self: *Self, num: T) !void {\n            // \u5728\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u6dfb\u52a0 num\n            var node = try self.mem_allocator.create(inc.ListNode(T));\n            node.init(num);\n            // \u5982\u679c\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u4ee4\u5934\u3001\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u6307\u5411\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\n            if (self.front == null) {\n                self.front = node;\n                self.rear = node;\n            // \u5982\u679c\u961f\u5217\u4e0d\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u540e\n            } else {\n                self.rear.?.next = node;\n                self.rear = node;\n            }\n            self.que_size += 1;\n        } \n\n        // \u51fa\u961f\n        pub fn pop(self: *Self) T {\n            var num = self.peek();\n            // \u5220\u9664\u5934\u8282\u70b9\n            self.front = self.front.?.next;\n            self.que_size -= 1;\n            return num;\n        } \n\n        // \u5c06\u94fe\u8868\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\n        pub fn toArray(self: *Self) ![]T {\n            var node = self.front;\n            var res = try self.mem_allocator.alloc(T, self.size());\n            @memset(res, @as(T, 0));\n            var i: usize = 0;\n            while (i < res.len) : (i += 1) {\n                res[i] = node.?.val;\n                node = node.?.next;\n            }\n            return res;\n        }\n    };\n}\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_stack_and_queue/queue/#2","title":"2. \u00a0 \u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0","text":"

    \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n)\\) \uff0c\u8fd9\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\u6548\u7387\u8f83\u4f4e\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u91c7\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5de7\u5999\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u907f\u514d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002

    \u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf front \u6307\u5411\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u5e76\u7ef4\u62a4\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf size \u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\u3002\u5b9a\u4e49 rear = front + size \uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u516c\u5f0f\u8ba1\u7b97\u51fa\u7684 rear \u6307\u5411\u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002

    \u57fa\u4e8e\u6b64\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6709\u6548\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [front, rear - 1]\uff0c\u5404\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u6cd5\u5982\u56fe 5-6 \u6240\u793a\u3002

    • \u5165\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a\u5c06\u8f93\u5165\u5143\u7d20\u8d4b\u503c\u7ed9 rear \u7d22\u5f15\u5904\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06 size \u589e\u52a0 1 \u3002
    • \u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a\u53ea\u9700\u5c06 front \u589e\u52a0 1 \uff0c\u5e76\u5c06 size \u51cf\u5c11 1 \u3002

    \u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u5165\u961f\u548c\u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\u90fd\u53ea\u9700\u8fdb\u884c\u4e00\u6b21\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5747\u4e3a \\(O(1)\\) \u3002

    ArrayQueuepush()pop()

    \u56fe 5-6 \u00a0 \u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u961f\u5217\u7684\u5165\u961f\u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c

    \u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u8fdb\u884c\u5165\u961f\u548c\u51fa\u961f\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0cfront \u548c rear \u90fd\u5728\u5411\u53f3\u79fb\u52a8\uff0c\u5f53\u5b83\u4eec\u5230\u8fbe\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u65f6\u5c31\u65e0\u6cd5\u7ee7\u7eed\u79fb\u52a8\u4e86\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u6b64\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u89c6\u4e3a\u9996\u5c3e\u76f8\u63a5\u7684\u201c\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u201d\u3002

    \u5bf9\u4e8e\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u8ba9 front \u6216 rear \u5728\u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u65f6\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u56de\u5230\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u7ee7\u7eed\u904d\u5386\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5468\u671f\u6027\u89c4\u5f8b\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\u201d\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig array_queue.py
    class ArrayQueue:\n    \"\"\"\u57fa\u4e8e\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u961f\u5217\"\"\"\n\n    def __init__(self, size: int):\n        \"\"\"\u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5\"\"\"\n        self._nums: list[int] = [0] * size  # \u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u961f\u5217\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\n        self._front: int = 0  # \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\n        self._size: int = 0  # \u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\n\n    def capacity(self) -> int:\n        \"\"\"\u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf\"\"\"\n        return len(self._nums)\n\n    def size(self) -> int:\n        \"\"\"\u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\"\"\"\n        return self._size\n\n    def is_empty(self) -> bool:\n        \"\"\"\u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a\"\"\"\n        return self._size == 0\n\n    def push(self, num: int):\n        \"\"\"\u5165\u961f\"\"\"\n        if self._size == self.capacity():\n            raise IndexError(\"\u961f\u5217\u5df2\u6ee1\")\n        # \u8ba1\u7b97\u961f\u5c3e\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u5c3e\u7d22\u5f15 + 1\n        # \u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b9e\u73b0 rear \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u540e\u56de\u5230\u5934\u90e8\n        rear: int = (self._front + self._size) % self.capacity()\n        # \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u5c3e\n        self._nums[rear] = num\n        self._size += 1\n\n    def pop(self) -> int:\n        \"\"\"\u51fa\u961f\"\"\"\n        num: int = self.peek()\n        # \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\uff0c\u82e5\u8d8a\u8fc7\u5c3e\u90e8\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5230\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\n        self._front = (self._front + 1) % self.capacity()\n        self._size -= 1\n        return num\n\n    def peek(self) -> int:\n        \"\"\"\u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\"\"\"\n        if self.is_empty():\n            raise IndexError(\"\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\")\n        return self._nums[self._front]\n\n    def to_list(self) -> list[int]:\n        \"\"\"\u8fd4\u56de\u5217\u8868\u7528\u4e8e\u6253\u5370\"\"\"\n        res = [0] * self.size()\n        j: int = self._front\n        for i in range(self.size()):\n            res[i] = self._nums[(j % self.capacity())]\n            j += 1\n        return res\n
    array_queue.cpp
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u961f\u5217 */\nclass ArrayQueue {\n  private:\n    int *nums;       // \u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u961f\u5217\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\n    int front;       // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\n    int queSize;     // \u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\n    int queCapacity; // \u961f\u5217\u5bb9\u91cf\n\n  public:\n    ArrayQueue(int capacity) {\n        // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4\n        nums = new int[capacity];\n        queCapacity = capacity;\n        front = queSize = 0;\n    }\n\n    ~ArrayQueue() {\n        delete[] nums;\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf */\n    int capacity() {\n        return queCapacity;\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\n    int size() {\n        return queSize;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\n    bool isEmpty() {\n        return size() == 0;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5165\u961f */\n    void push(int num) {\n        if (queSize == queCapacity) {\n            cout << \"\u961f\u5217\u5df2\u6ee1\" << endl;\n            return;\n        }\n        // \u8ba1\u7b97\u961f\u5c3e\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u5c3e\u7d22\u5f15 + 1\n        // \u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b9e\u73b0 rear \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u540e\u56de\u5230\u5934\u90e8\n        int rear = (front + queSize) % queCapacity;\n        // \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u5c3e\n        nums[rear] = num;\n        queSize++;\n    }\n\n    /* \u51fa\u961f */\n    int pop() {\n        int num = peek();\n        // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\uff0c\u82e5\u8d8a\u8fc7\u5c3e\u90e8\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5230\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\n        front = (front + 1) % queCapacity;\n        queSize--;\n        return num;\n    }\n\n    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\n    int peek() {\n        if (isEmpty())\n            throw out_of_range(\"\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\");\n        return nums[front];\n    }\n\n    /* \u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a Vector \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de */\n    vector<int> toVector() {\n        // \u4ec5\u8f6c\u6362\u6709\u6548\u957f\u5ea6\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\n        vector<int> arr(queSize);\n        for (int i = 0, j = front; i < queSize; i++, j++) {\n            arr[i] = nums[j % queCapacity];\n        }\n        return arr;\n    }\n};\n
    array_queue.java
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u961f\u5217 */\nclass ArrayQueue {\n    private int[] nums; // \u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u961f\u5217\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\n    private int front; // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\n    private int queSize; // \u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\n\n    public ArrayQueue(int capacity) {\n        nums = new int[capacity];\n        front = queSize = 0;\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf */\n    public int capacity() {\n        return nums.length;\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\n    public int size() {\n        return queSize;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\n    public boolean isEmpty() {\n        return queSize == 0;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5165\u961f */\n    public void push(int num) {\n        if (queSize == capacity()) {\n            System.out.println(\"\u961f\u5217\u5df2\u6ee1\");\n            return;\n        }\n        // \u8ba1\u7b97\u961f\u5c3e\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u5c3e\u7d22\u5f15 + 1\n        // \u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b9e\u73b0 rear \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u540e\u56de\u5230\u5934\u90e8\n        int rear = (front + queSize) % capacity();\n        // \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u5c3e\n        nums[rear] = num;\n        queSize++;\n    }\n\n    /* \u51fa\u961f */\n    public int pop() {\n        int num = peek();\n        // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\uff0c\u82e5\u8d8a\u8fc7\u5c3e\u90e8\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5230\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\n        front = (front + 1) % capacity();\n        queSize--;\n        return num;\n    }\n\n    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\n    public int peek() {\n        if (isEmpty())\n            throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();\n        return nums[front];\n    }\n\n    /* \u8fd4\u56de\u6570\u7ec4 */\n    public int[] toArray() {\n        // \u4ec5\u8f6c\u6362\u6709\u6548\u957f\u5ea6\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\n        int[] res = new int[queSize];\n        for (int i = 0, j = front; i < queSize; i++, j++) {\n            res[i] = nums[j % capacity()];\n        }\n        return res;\n    }\n}\n
    array_queue.cs
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u961f\u5217 */\nclass ArrayQueue {\n    int[] nums;  // \u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u961f\u5217\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\n    int front;   // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\n    int queSize; // \u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\n\n    public ArrayQueue(int capacity) {\n        nums = new int[capacity];\n        front = queSize = 0;\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf */\n    int Capacity() {\n        return nums.Length;\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\n    public int Size() {\n        return queSize;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\n    public bool IsEmpty() {\n        return queSize == 0;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5165\u961f */\n    public void Push(int num) {\n        if (queSize == Capacity()) {\n            Console.WriteLine(\"\u961f\u5217\u5df2\u6ee1\");\n            return;\n        }\n        // \u8ba1\u7b97\u961f\u5c3e\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u5c3e\u7d22\u5f15 + 1\n        // \u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b9e\u73b0 rear \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u540e\u56de\u5230\u5934\u90e8\n        int rear = (front + queSize) % Capacity();\n        // \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u5c3e\n        nums[rear] = num;\n        queSize++;\n    }\n\n    /* \u51fa\u961f */\n    public int Pop() {\n        int num = Peek();\n        // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\uff0c\u82e5\u8d8a\u8fc7\u5c3e\u90e8\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5230\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\n        front = (front + 1) % Capacity();\n        queSize--;\n        return num;\n    }\n\n    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\n    public int Peek() {\n        if (IsEmpty())\n            throw new Exception();\n        return nums[front];\n    }\n\n    /* \u8fd4\u56de\u6570\u7ec4 */\n    public int[] ToArray() {\n        // \u4ec5\u8f6c\u6362\u6709\u6548\u957f\u5ea6\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\n        int[] res = new int[queSize];\n        for (int i = 0, j = front; i < queSize; i++, j++) {\n            res[i] = nums[j % this.Capacity()];\n        }\n        return res;\n    }\n}\n
    array_queue.go
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u961f\u5217 */\ntype arrayQueue struct {\n    nums        []int // \u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u961f\u5217\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\n    front       int   // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\n    queSize     int   // \u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\n    queCapacity int   // \u961f\u5217\u5bb9\u91cf\uff08\u5373\u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u7eb3\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\uff09\n}\n\n/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u961f\u5217 */\nfunc newArrayQueue(queCapacity int) *arrayQueue {\n    return &arrayQueue{\n        nums:        make([]int, queCapacity),\n        queCapacity: queCapacity,\n        front:       0,\n        queSize:     0,\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nfunc (q *arrayQueue) size() int {\n    return q.queSize\n}\n\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nfunc (q *arrayQueue) isEmpty() bool {\n    return q.queSize == 0\n}\n\n/* \u5165\u961f */\nfunc (q *arrayQueue) push(num int) {\n    // \u5f53 rear == queCapacity \u8868\u793a\u961f\u5217\u5df2\u6ee1\n    if q.queSize == q.queCapacity {\n        return\n    }\n    // \u8ba1\u7b97\u961f\u5c3e\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u5c3e\u7d22\u5f15 + 1\n    // \u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b9e\u73b0 rear \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u540e\u56de\u5230\u5934\u90e8\n    rear := (q.front + q.queSize) % q.queCapacity\n    // \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u5c3e\n    q.nums[rear] = num\n    q.queSize++\n}\n\n/* \u51fa\u961f */\nfunc (q *arrayQueue) pop() any {\n    num := q.peek()\n    // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\uff0c\u82e5\u8d8a\u8fc7\u5c3e\u90e8\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5230\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\n    q.front = (q.front + 1) % q.queCapacity\n    q.queSize--\n    return num\n}\n\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunc (q *arrayQueue) peek() any {\n    if q.isEmpty() {\n        return nil\n    }\n    return q.nums[q.front]\n}\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6 Slice \u7528\u4e8e\u6253\u5370 */\nfunc (q *arrayQueue) toSlice() []int {\n    rear := (q.front + q.queSize)\n    if rear >= q.queCapacity {\n        rear %= q.queCapacity\n        return append(q.nums[q.front:], q.nums[:rear]...)\n    }\n    return q.nums[q.front:rear]\n}\n
    array_queue.swift
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u961f\u5217 */\nclass ArrayQueue {\n    private var nums: [Int] // \u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u961f\u5217\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\n    private var front = 0 // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\n    private var queSize = 0 // \u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\n\n    init(capacity: Int) {\n        // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4\n        nums = Array(repeating: 0, count: capacity)\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf */\n    func capacity() -> Int {\n        nums.count\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\n    func size() -> Int {\n        queSize\n    }\n\n    /* \u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\n    func isEmpty() -> Bool {\n        queSize == 0\n    }\n\n    /* \u5165\u961f */\n    func push(num: Int) {\n        if size() == capacity() {\n            print(\"\u961f\u5217\u5df2\u6ee1\")\n            return\n        }\n        // \u8ba1\u7b97\u961f\u5c3e\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u5c3e\u7d22\u5f15 + 1\n        // \u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b9e\u73b0 rear \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u540e\u56de\u5230\u5934\u90e8\n        let rear = (front + queSize) % capacity()\n        // \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u5c3e\n        nums[rear] = num\n        queSize += 1\n    }\n\n    /* \u51fa\u961f */\n    @discardableResult\n    func pop() -> Int {\n        let num = peek()\n        // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\uff0c\u82e5\u8d8a\u8fc7\u5c3e\u90e8\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5230\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\n        front = (front + 1) % capacity()\n        queSize -= 1\n        return num\n    }\n\n    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\n    func peek() -> Int {\n        if isEmpty() {\n            fatalError(\"\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\")\n        }\n        return nums[front]\n    }\n\n    /* \u8fd4\u56de\u6570\u7ec4 */\n    func toArray() -> [Int] {\n        // \u4ec5\u8f6c\u6362\u6709\u6548\u957f\u5ea6\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\n        var res = Array(repeating: 0, count: queSize)\n        for (i, j) in sequence(first: (0, front), next: { $0 < self.queSize - 1 ? ($0 + 1, $1 + 1) : nil }) {\n            res[i] = nums[j % capacity()]\n        }\n        return res\n    }\n}\n
    array_queue.js
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u961f\u5217 */\nclass ArrayQueue {\n    #nums; // \u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u961f\u5217\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\n    #front = 0; // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\n    #queSize = 0; // \u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\n\n    constructor(capacity) {\n        this.#nums = new Array(capacity);\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf */\n    get capacity() {\n        return this.#nums.length;\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\n    get size() {\n        return this.#queSize;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\n    isEmpty() {\n        return this.#queSize === 0;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5165\u961f */\n    push(num) {\n        if (this.size === this.capacity) {\n            console.log('\u961f\u5217\u5df2\u6ee1');\n            return;\n        }\n        // \u8ba1\u7b97\u961f\u5c3e\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u5c3e\u7d22\u5f15 + 1\n        // \u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b9e\u73b0 rear \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u540e\u56de\u5230\u5934\u90e8\n        const rear = (this.#front + this.size) % this.capacity;\n        // \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u5c3e\n        this.#nums[rear] = num;\n        this.#queSize++;\n    }\n\n    /* \u51fa\u961f */\n    pop() {\n        const num = this.peek();\n        // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\uff0c\u82e5\u8d8a\u8fc7\u5c3e\u90e8\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5230\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\n        this.#front = (this.#front + 1) % this.capacity;\n        this.#queSize--;\n        return num;\n    }\n\n    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\n    peek() {\n        if (this.isEmpty()) throw new Error('\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a');\n        return this.#nums[this.#front];\n    }\n\n    /* \u8fd4\u56de Array */\n    toArray() {\n        // \u4ec5\u8f6c\u6362\u6709\u6548\u957f\u5ea6\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\n        const arr = new Array(this.size);\n        for (let i = 0, j = this.#front; i < this.size; i++, j++) {\n            arr[i] = this.#nums[j % this.capacity];\n        }\n        return arr;\n    }\n}\n
    array_queue.ts
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u961f\u5217 */\nclass ArrayQueue {\n    private nums: number[]; // \u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u961f\u5217\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\n    private front: number; // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\n    private queSize: number; // \u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\n\n    constructor(capacity: number) {\n        this.nums = new Array(capacity);\n        this.front = this.queSize = 0;\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf */\n    get capacity(): number {\n        return this.nums.length;\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\n    get size(): number {\n        return this.queSize;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\n    isEmpty(): boolean {\n        return this.queSize === 0;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5165\u961f */\n    push(num: number): void {\n        if (this.size === this.capacity) {\n            console.log('\u961f\u5217\u5df2\u6ee1');\n            return;\n        }\n        // \u8ba1\u7b97\u961f\u5c3e\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u5c3e\u7d22\u5f15 + 1\n        // \u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b9e\u73b0 rear \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u540e\u56de\u5230\u5934\u90e8\n        const rear = (this.front + this.queSize) % this.capacity;\n        // \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u5c3e\n        this.nums[rear] = num;\n        this.queSize++;\n    }\n\n    /* \u51fa\u961f */\n    pop(): number {\n        const num = this.peek();\n        // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\uff0c\u82e5\u8d8a\u8fc7\u5c3e\u90e8\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5230\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\n        this.front = (this.front + 1) % this.capacity;\n        this.queSize--;\n        return num;\n    }\n\n    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\n    peek(): number {\n        if (this.isEmpty()) throw new Error('\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a');\n        return this.nums[this.front];\n    }\n\n    /* \u8fd4\u56de Array */\n    toArray(): number[] {\n        // \u4ec5\u8f6c\u6362\u6709\u6548\u957f\u5ea6\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\n        const arr = new Array(this.size);\n        for (let i = 0, j = this.front; i < this.size; i++, j++) {\n            arr[i] = this.nums[j % this.capacity];\n        }\n        return arr;\n    }\n}\n
    array_queue.dart
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u961f\u5217 */\nclass ArrayQueue {\n  late List<int> _nums; // \u7528\u4e8e\u50a8\u5b58\u961f\u5217\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\n  late int _front; // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\n  late int _queSize; // \u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\n\n  ArrayQueue(int capacity) {\n    _nums = List.filled(capacity, 0);\n    _front = _queSize = 0;\n  }\n\n  /* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf */\n  int capaCity() {\n    return _nums.length;\n  }\n\n  /* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\n  int size() {\n    return _queSize;\n  }\n\n  /* \u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\n  bool isEmpty() {\n    return _queSize == 0;\n  }\n\n  /* \u5165\u961f */\n  void push(int _num) {\n    if (_queSize == capaCity()) {\n      throw Exception(\"\u961f\u5217\u5df2\u6ee1\");\n    }\n    // \u8ba1\u7b97\u961f\u5c3e\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u5c3e\u7d22\u5f15 + 1\n    // \u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b9e\u73b0 rear \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u540e\u56de\u5230\u5934\u90e8\n    int rear = (_front + _queSize) % capaCity();\n    // \u5c06 _num \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u5c3e\n    _nums[rear] = _num;\n    _queSize++;\n  }\n\n  /* \u51fa\u961f */\n  int pop() {\n    int _num = peek();\n    // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\uff0c\u82e5\u8d8a\u8fc7\u5c3e\u90e8\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5230\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\n    _front = (_front + 1) % capaCity();\n    _queSize--;\n    return _num;\n  }\n\n  /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\n  int peek() {\n    if (isEmpty()) {\n      throw Exception(\"\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\");\n    }\n    return _nums[_front];\n  }\n\n  /* \u8fd4\u56de Array */\n  List<int> toArray() {\n    // \u4ec5\u8f6c\u6362\u6709\u6548\u957f\u5ea6\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\n    final List<int> res = List.filled(_queSize, 0);\n    for (int i = 0, j = _front; i < _queSize; i++, j++) {\n      res[i] = _nums[j % capaCity()];\n    }\n    return res;\n  }\n}\n
    array_queue.rs
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u961f\u5217 */\nstruct ArrayQueue {\n    nums: Vec<i32>,     // \u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u961f\u5217\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\n    front: i32,         // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\n    que_size: i32,      // \u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\n    que_capacity: i32,  // \u961f\u5217\u5bb9\u91cf\n}\n\nimpl ArrayQueue {\n    /* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\n    fn new(capacity: i32) -> ArrayQueue {\n        ArrayQueue {\n            nums: vec![0; capacity as usize],\n            front: 0,\n            que_size: 0,\n            que_capacity: capacity,\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf */\n    fn capacity(&self) -> i32 {\n        self.que_capacity\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\n    fn size(&self) -> i32 {\n        self.que_size\n    }\n\n    /* \u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\n    fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {\n        self.que_size == 0\n    }\n\n    /* \u5165\u961f */\n    fn push(&mut self, num: i32) {\n        if self.que_size == self.capacity() {\n            println!(\"\u961f\u5217\u5df2\u6ee1\");\n            return;\n        }\n        // \u8ba1\u7b97\u961f\u5c3e\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u5c3e\u7d22\u5f15 + 1\n        // \u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b9e\u73b0 rear \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u540e\u56de\u5230\u5934\u90e8\n        let rear = (self.front + self.que_size) % self.que_capacity;\n        // \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u5c3e\n        self.nums[rear as usize] = num;\n        self.que_size += 1;\n    }\n\n    /* \u51fa\u961f */\n    fn pop(&mut self) -> i32 {\n        let num = self.peek();\n        // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\uff0c\u82e5\u8d8a\u8fc7\u5c3e\u90e8\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5230\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\n        self.front = (self.front + 1) % self.que_capacity;\n        self.que_size -= 1;\n        num\n    }\n\n    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\n    fn peek(&self) -> i32 {\n        if self.is_empty() {\n            panic!(\"index out of bounds\");\n        }\n        self.nums[self.front as usize]\n    }\n\n    /* \u8fd4\u56de\u6570\u7ec4 */\n    fn to_vector(&self) -> Vec<i32> {\n        let cap = self.que_capacity;\n        let mut j = self.front;\n        let mut arr = vec![0; self.que_size as usize];\n        for i in 0..self.que_size {\n            arr[i as usize] = self.nums[(j % cap) as usize];\n            j += 1;\n        }\n        arr\n    }\n}\n
    array_queue.c
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u961f\u5217 */\ntypedef struct {\n    int *nums;       // \u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u961f\u5217\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\n    int front;       // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\n    int queSize;     // \u5c3e\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u5c3e + 1\n    int queCapacity; // \u961f\u5217\u5bb9\u91cf\n} ArrayQueue;\n\n/* \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570 */\nArrayQueue *newArrayQueue(int capacity) {\n    ArrayQueue *queue = (ArrayQueue *)malloc(sizeof(ArrayQueue));\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4\n    queue->queCapacity = capacity;\n    queue->nums = (int *)malloc(sizeof(int) * queue->queCapacity);\n    queue->front = queue->queSize = 0;\n    return queue;\n}\n\n/* \u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570 */\nvoid delArrayQueue(ArrayQueue *queue) {\n    free(queue->nums);\n    free(queue);\n}\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf */\nint capacity(ArrayQueue *queue) {\n    return queue->queCapacity;\n}\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nint size(ArrayQueue *queue) {\n    return queue->queSize;\n}\n\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nbool empty(ArrayQueue *queue) {\n    return queue->queSize == 0;\n}\n\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\nint peek(ArrayQueue *queue) {\n    assert(size(queue) != 0);\n    return queue->nums[queue->front];\n}\n\n/* \u5165\u961f */\nvoid push(ArrayQueue *queue, int num) {\n    if (size(queue) == capacity(queue)) {\n        printf(\"\u961f\u5217\u5df2\u6ee1\\r\\n\");\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u8ba1\u7b97\u961f\u5c3e\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u5c3e\u7d22\u5f15 + 1\n    // \u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b9e\u73b0 rear \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u540e\u56de\u5230\u5934\u90e8\n    int rear = (queue->front + queue->queSize) % queue->queCapacity;\n    // \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u5c3e\n    queue->nums[rear] = num;\n    queue->queSize++;\n}\n\n/* \u51fa\u961f */\nint pop(ArrayQueue *queue) {\n    int num = peek(queue);\n    // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\uff0c\u82e5\u8d8a\u8fc7\u5c3e\u90e8\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5230\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\n    queue->front = (queue->front + 1) % queue->queCapacity;\n    queue->queSize--;\n    return num;\n}\n
    array_queue.zig
    // \u57fa\u4e8e\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u961f\u5217\nfn ArrayQueue(comptime T: type) type {\n    return struct {\n        const Self = @This();\n\n        nums: []T = undefined,                          // \u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u961f\u5217\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6570\u7ec4     \n        cap: usize = 0,                                 // \u961f\u5217\u5bb9\u91cf\n        front: usize = 0,                               // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\n        queSize: usize = 0,                             // \u5c3e\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u5c3e + 1\n        mem_arena: ?std.heap.ArenaAllocator = null,\n        mem_allocator: std.mem.Allocator = undefined,   // \u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u5668\n\n        // \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\uff08\u5206\u914d\u5185\u5b58+\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4\uff09\n        pub fn init(self: *Self, allocator: std.mem.Allocator, cap: usize) !void {\n            if (self.mem_arena == null) {\n                self.mem_arena = std.heap.ArenaAllocator.init(allocator);\n                self.mem_allocator = self.mem_arena.?.allocator();\n            }\n            self.cap = cap;\n            self.nums = try self.mem_allocator.alloc(T, self.cap);\n            @memset(self.nums, @as(T, 0));\n        }\n\n        // \u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\uff08\u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\uff09\n        pub fn deinit(self: *Self) void {\n            if (self.mem_arena == null) return;\n            self.mem_arena.?.deinit();\n        }\n\n        // \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf\n        pub fn capacity(self: *Self) usize {\n            return self.cap;\n        }\n\n        // \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\n        pub fn size(self: *Self) usize {\n            return self.queSize;\n        }\n\n        // \u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a\n        pub fn isEmpty(self: *Self) bool {\n            return self.queSize == 0;\n        }\n\n        // \u5165\u961f\n        pub fn push(self: *Self, num: T) !void {\n            if (self.size() == self.capacity()) {\n                std.debug.print(\"\u961f\u5217\u5df2\u6ee1\\n\", .{});\n                return;\n            }\n            // \u8ba1\u7b97\u961f\u5c3e\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u5c3e\u7d22\u5f15 + 1\n            // \u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b9e\u73b0 rear \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u540e\u56de\u5230\u5934\u90e8\n            var rear = (self.front + self.queSize) % self.capacity();\n            // \u5728\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u6dfb\u52a0 num\n            self.nums[rear] = num;\n            self.queSize += 1;\n        } \n\n        // \u51fa\u961f\n        pub fn pop(self: *Self) T {\n            var num = self.peek();\n            // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\uff0c\u82e5\u8d8a\u8fc7\u5c3e\u90e8\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5230\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\n            self.front = (self.front + 1) % self.capacity();\n            self.queSize -= 1;\n            return num;\n        } \n\n        // \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\n        pub fn peek(self: *Self) T {\n            if (self.isEmpty()) @panic(\"\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\");\n            return self.nums[self.front];\n        } \n\n        // \u8fd4\u56de\u6570\u7ec4\n        pub fn toArray(self: *Self) ![]T {\n            // \u4ec5\u8f6c\u6362\u6709\u6548\u957f\u5ea6\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\n            var res = try self.mem_allocator.alloc(T, self.size());\n            @memset(res, @as(T, 0));\n            var i: usize = 0;\n            var j: usize = self.front;\n            while (i < self.size()) : ({ i += 1; j += 1; }) {\n                res[i] = self.nums[j % self.capacity()];\n            }\n            return res;\n        }\n    };\n}\n

    \u4ee5\u4e0a\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u961f\u5217\u4ecd\u7136\u5177\u6709\u5c40\u9650\u6027\uff1a\u5176\u957f\u5ea6\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u4e0d\u96be\u89e3\u51b3\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u52a8\u6001\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f15\u5165\u6269\u5bb9\u673a\u5236\u3002\u6709\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u8bfb\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c1d\u8bd5\u81ea\u884c\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002

    \u4e24\u79cd\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u5bf9\u6bd4\u7ed3\u8bba\u4e0e\u6808\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u4e0d\u518d\u8d58\u8ff0\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_stack_and_queue/queue/#523","title":"5.2.3 \u00a0 \u961f\u5217\u5178\u578b\u5e94\u7528","text":"
    • \u6dd8\u5b9d\u8ba2\u5355\u3002\u8d2d\u7269\u8005\u4e0b\u5355\u540e\uff0c\u8ba2\u5355\u5c06\u52a0\u5165\u961f\u5217\u4e2d\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u968f\u540e\u4f1a\u6839\u636e\u987a\u5e8f\u5904\u7406\u961f\u5217\u4e2d\u7684\u8ba2\u5355\u3002\u5728\u53cc\u5341\u4e00\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u77ed\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u6d77\u91cf\u8ba2\u5355\uff0c\u9ad8\u5e76\u53d1\u6210\u4e3a\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u70b9\u653b\u514b\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002
    • \u5404\u7c7b\u5f85\u529e\u4e8b\u9879\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u9700\u8981\u5b9e\u73b0\u201c\u5148\u6765\u540e\u5230\u201d\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6253\u5370\u673a\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u961f\u5217\u3001\u9910\u5385\u7684\u51fa\u9910\u961f\u5217\u7b49\uff0c\u961f\u5217\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u5730\u7ef4\u62a4\u5904\u7406\u987a\u5e8f\u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_stack_and_queue/stack/","title":"5.1 \u00a0 \u6808","text":"

    \u300c\u6808 stack\u300d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u9075\u5faa\u5148\u5165\u540e\u51fa\u903b\u8f91\u7684\u7ebf\u6027\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u3002

    \u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u6808\u7c7b\u6bd4\u4e3a\u684c\u9762\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u645e\u76d8\u5b50\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u53d6\u51fa\u5e95\u90e8\u7684\u76d8\u5b50\uff0c\u5219\u9700\u8981\u5148\u5c06\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u76d8\u5b50\u4f9d\u6b21\u79fb\u8d70\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u76d8\u5b50\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u5404\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff08\u5982\u6574\u6570\u3001\u5b57\u7b26\u3001\u5bf9\u8c61\u7b49\uff09\uff0c\u5c31\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u6808\u8fd9\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u3002

    \u5982\u56fe 5-1 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u5806\u53e0\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u9876\u90e8\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u6808\u9876\u201d\uff0c\u5e95\u90e8\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u6808\u5e95\u201d\u3002\u5c06\u628a\u5143\u7d20\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u6808\u9876\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u53eb\u4f5c\u201c\u5165\u6808\u201d\uff0c\u5220\u9664\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u53eb\u4f5c\u201c\u51fa\u6808\u201d\u3002

    \u56fe 5-1 \u00a0 \u6808\u7684\u5148\u5165\u540e\u51fa\u89c4\u5219

    "},{"location":"chapter_stack_and_queue/stack/#511","title":"5.1.1 \u00a0 \u6808\u7684\u5e38\u7528\u64cd\u4f5c","text":"

    \u6808\u7684\u5e38\u7528\u64cd\u4f5c\u5982\u8868 5-1 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u540d\u9700\u8981\u6839\u636e\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u6765\u786e\u5b9a\u3002\u5728\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4ee5\u5e38\u89c1\u7684 push()\u3001pop()\u3001peek() \u547d\u540d\u4e3a\u4f8b\u3002

    \u8868 5-1 \u00a0 \u6808\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u6548\u7387

    \u65b9\u6cd5 \u63cf\u8ff0 \u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 push() \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u6808\uff08\u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u6808\u9876\uff09 \\(O(1)\\) pop() \u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u6808 \\(O(1)\\) peek() \u8bbf\u95ee\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20 \\(O(1)\\)

    \u901a\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u6808\u7c7b\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u67d0\u4e9b\u8bed\u8a00\u53ef\u80fd\u6ca1\u6709\u4e13\u95e8\u63d0\u4f9b\u6808\u7c7b\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u8be5\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u201c\u6570\u7ec4\u201d\u6216\u201c\u94fe\u8868\u201d\u5f53\u4f5c\u6808\u6765\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u903b\u8f91\u4e0a\u5ffd\u7565\u4e0e\u6808\u65e0\u5173\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig stack.py
    # \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6808\n# Python \u6ca1\u6709\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u6808\u7c7b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a list \u5f53\u4f5c\u6808\u6765\u4f7f\u7528 \nstack: list[int] = []\n\n# \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u6808\nstack.append(1)\nstack.append(3)\nstack.append(2)\nstack.append(5)\nstack.append(4)\n\n# \u8bbf\u95ee\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20\npeek: int = stack[-1]\n\n# \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u6808\npop: int = stack.pop()\n\n# \u83b7\u53d6\u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\nsize: int = len(stack)\n\n# \u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a\nis_empty: bool = len(stack) == 0\n
    stack.cpp
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6808 */\nstack<int> stack;\n\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u6808 */\nstack.push(1);\nstack.push(3);\nstack.push(2);\nstack.push(5);\nstack.push(4);\n\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\nint top = stack.top();\n\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u6808 */\nstack.pop(); // \u65e0\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nint size = stack.size();\n\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nbool empty = stack.empty();\n
    stack.java
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6808 */\nStack<Integer> stack = new Stack<>();\n\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u6808 */\nstack.push(1);\nstack.push(3);\nstack.push(2);\nstack.push(5);\nstack.push(4);\n\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\nint peek = stack.peek();\n\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u6808 */\nint pop = stack.pop();\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nint size = stack.size();\n\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nboolean isEmpty = stack.isEmpty();\n
    stack.cs
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6808 */\nStack<int> stack = new();\n\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u6808 */\nstack.Push(1);\nstack.Push(3);\nstack.Push(2);\nstack.Push(5);\nstack.Push(4);\n\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\nint peek = stack.Peek();\n\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u6808 */\nint pop = stack.Pop();\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nint size = stack.Count;\n\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nbool isEmpty = stack.Count == 0;\n
    stack_test.go
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6808 */\n// \u5728 Go \u4e2d\uff0c\u63a8\u8350\u5c06 Slice \u5f53\u4f5c\u6808\u6765\u4f7f\u7528\nvar stack []int\n\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u6808 */\nstack = append(stack, 1)\nstack = append(stack, 3)\nstack = append(stack, 2)\nstack = append(stack, 5)\nstack = append(stack, 4)\n\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\npeek := stack[len(stack)-1]\n\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u6808 */\npop := stack[len(stack)-1]\nstack = stack[:len(stack)-1]\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nsize := len(stack)\n\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nisEmpty := len(stack) == 0\n
    stack.swift
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6808 */\n// Swift \u6ca1\u6709\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u6808\u7c7b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a Array \u5f53\u4f5c\u6808\u6765\u4f7f\u7528\nvar stack: [Int] = []\n\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u6808 */\nstack.append(1)\nstack.append(3)\nstack.append(2)\nstack.append(5)\nstack.append(4)\n\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\nlet peek = stack.last!\n\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u6808 */\nlet pop = stack.removeLast()\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nlet size = stack.count\n\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nlet isEmpty = stack.isEmpty\n
    stack.js
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6808 */\n// Javascript \u6ca1\u6709\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u6808\u7c7b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a Array \u5f53\u4f5c\u6808\u6765\u4f7f\u7528 \nconst stack = [];\n\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u6808 */\nstack.push(1);\nstack.push(3);\nstack.push(2);\nstack.push(5);\nstack.push(4);\n\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\nconst peek = stack[stack.length-1];\n\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u6808 */\nconst pop = stack.pop();\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nconst size = stack.length;\n\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nconst is_empty = stack.length === 0;\n
    stack.ts
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6808 */\n// Typescript \u6ca1\u6709\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u6808\u7c7b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a Array \u5f53\u4f5c\u6808\u6765\u4f7f\u7528 \nconst stack: number[] = [];\n\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u6808 */\nstack.push(1);\nstack.push(3);\nstack.push(2);\nstack.push(5);\nstack.push(4);\n\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\nconst peek = stack[stack.length - 1];\n\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u6808 */\nconst pop = stack.pop();\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nconst size = stack.length;\n\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nconst is_empty = stack.length === 0;\n
    stack.dart
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6808 */\n// Dart \u6ca1\u6709\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u6808\u7c7b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a List \u5f53\u4f5c\u6808\u6765\u4f7f\u7528\nList<int> stack = [];\n\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u6808 */\nstack.add(1);\nstack.add(3);\nstack.add(2);\nstack.add(5);\nstack.add(4);\n\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\nint peek = stack.last;\n\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u6808 */\nint pop = stack.removeLast();\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nint size = stack.length;\n\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nbool isEmpty = stack.isEmpty;\n
    stack.rs
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6808 */\n// \u628a Vec \u5f53\u4f5c\u6808\u6765\u4f7f\u7528\nlet mut stack: Vec<i32> = Vec::new();\n\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u6808 */\nstack.push(1);\nstack.push(3);\nstack.push(2);\nstack.push(5);\nstack.push(4);\n\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\nlet top = stack.last().unwrap();\n\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u6808 */\nlet pop = stack.pop().unwrap();\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nlet size = stack.len();\n\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nlet is_empty = stack.is_empty();\n
    stack.c
    // C \u672a\u63d0\u4f9b\u5185\u7f6e\u6808\n
    stack.zig
    \n
    "},{"location":"chapter_stack_and_queue/stack/#512","title":"5.1.2 \u00a0 \u6808\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0","text":"

    \u4e3a\u4e86\u6df1\u5165\u4e86\u89e3\u6808\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u5c1d\u8bd5\u81ea\u5df1\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u6808\u7c7b\u3002

    \u6808\u9075\u5faa\u5148\u5165\u540e\u51fa\u7684\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u80fd\u5728\u6808\u9876\u6dfb\u52a0\u6216\u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u94fe\u8868\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4efb\u610f\u4f4d\u7f6e\u6dfb\u52a0\u548c\u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6808\u53ef\u4ee5\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u53d7\u9650\u5236\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u6216\u94fe\u8868\u3002\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u201c\u5c4f\u853d\u201d\u6570\u7ec4\u6216\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u65e0\u5173\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u5bf9\u5916\u8868\u73b0\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u7b26\u5408\u6808\u7684\u7279\u6027\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_stack_and_queue/stack/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0","text":"

    \u4f7f\u7528\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u6808\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u5934\u8282\u70b9\u89c6\u4e3a\u6808\u9876\uff0c\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u89c6\u4e3a\u6808\u5e95\u3002

    \u5982\u56fe 5-2 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5165\u6808\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u9700\u5c06\u5143\u7d20\u63d2\u5165\u94fe\u8868\u5934\u90e8\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u8282\u70b9\u63d2\u5165\u65b9\u6cd5\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u5934\u63d2\u6cd5\u201d\u3002\u800c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u51fa\u6808\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u5c06\u5934\u8282\u70b9\u4ece\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u5373\u53ef\u3002

    LinkedListStackpush()pop()

    \u56fe 5-2 \u00a0 \u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u6808\u7684\u5165\u6808\u51fa\u6808\u64cd\u4f5c

    \u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u6808\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig linkedlist_stack.py
    class LinkedListStack:\n    \"\"\"\u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6808\"\"\"\n\n    def __init__(self):\n        \"\"\"\u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5\"\"\"\n        self._peek: ListNode | None = None\n        self._size: int = 0\n\n    def size(self) -> int:\n        \"\"\"\u83b7\u53d6\u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\"\"\"\n        return self._size\n\n    def is_empty(self) -> bool:\n        \"\"\"\u5224\u65ad\u6808\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a\"\"\"\n        return not self._peek\n\n    def push(self, val: int):\n        \"\"\"\u5165\u6808\"\"\"\n        node = ListNode(val)\n        node.next = self._peek\n        self._peek = node\n        self._size += 1\n\n    def pop(self) -> int:\n        \"\"\"\u51fa\u6808\"\"\"\n        num = self.peek()\n        self._peek = self._peek.next\n        self._size -= 1\n        return num\n\n    def peek(self) -> int:\n        \"\"\"\u8bbf\u95ee\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20\"\"\"\n        if self.is_empty():\n            raise IndexError(\"\u6808\u4e3a\u7a7a\")\n        return self._peek.val\n\n    def to_list(self) -> list[int]:\n        \"\"\"\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u5217\u8868\u7528\u4e8e\u6253\u5370\"\"\"\n        arr = []\n        node = self._peek\n        while node:\n            arr.append(node.val)\n            node = node.next\n        arr.reverse()\n        return arr\n
    linkedlist_stack.cpp
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6808 */\nclass LinkedListStack {\n  private:\n    ListNode *stackTop; // \u5c06\u5934\u8282\u70b9\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6808\u9876\n    int stkSize;        // \u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\n\n  public:\n    LinkedListStack() {\n        stackTop = nullptr;\n        stkSize = 0;\n    }\n\n    ~LinkedListStack() {\n        // \u904d\u5386\u94fe\u8868\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\n        freeMemoryLinkedList(stackTop);\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\n    int size() {\n        return stkSize;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5224\u65ad\u6808\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\n    bool isEmpty() {\n        return size() == 0;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5165\u6808 */\n    void push(int num) {\n        ListNode *node = new ListNode(num);\n        node->next = stackTop;\n        stackTop = node;\n        stkSize++;\n    }\n\n    /* \u51fa\u6808 */\n    int pop() {\n        int num = top();\n        ListNode *tmp = stackTop;\n        stackTop = stackTop->next;\n        // \u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\n        delete tmp;\n        stkSize--;\n        return num;\n    }\n\n    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\n    int top() {\n        if (isEmpty())\n            throw out_of_range(\"\u6808\u4e3a\u7a7a\");\n        return stackTop->val;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5c06 List \u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a Array \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de */\n    vector<int> toVector() {\n        ListNode *node = stackTop;\n        vector<int> res(size());\n        for (int i = res.size() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {\n            res[i] = node->val;\n            node = node->next;\n        }\n        return res;\n    }\n};\n
    linkedlist_stack.java
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6808 */\nclass LinkedListStack {\n    private ListNode stackPeek; // \u5c06\u5934\u8282\u70b9\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6808\u9876\n    private int stkSize = 0; // \u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\n\n    public LinkedListStack() {\n        stackPeek = null;\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\n    public int size() {\n        return stkSize;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5224\u65ad\u6808\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\n    public boolean isEmpty() {\n        return size() == 0;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5165\u6808 */\n    public void push(int num) {\n        ListNode node = new ListNode(num);\n        node.next = stackPeek;\n        stackPeek = node;\n        stkSize++;\n    }\n\n    /* \u51fa\u6808 */\n    public int pop() {\n        int num = peek();\n        stackPeek = stackPeek.next;\n        stkSize--;\n        return num;\n    }\n\n    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\n    public int peek() {\n        if (isEmpty())\n            throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();\n        return stackPeek.val;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5c06 List \u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a Array \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de */\n    public int[] toArray() {\n        ListNode node = stackPeek;\n        int[] res = new int[size()];\n        for (int i = res.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {\n            res[i] = node.val;\n            node = node.next;\n        }\n        return res;\n    }\n}\n
    linkedlist_stack.cs
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6808 */\nclass LinkedListStack {\n    ListNode? stackPeek;  // \u5c06\u5934\u8282\u70b9\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6808\u9876\n    int stkSize = 0;   // \u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\n\n    public LinkedListStack() {\n        stackPeek = null;\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\n    public int Size() {\n        return stkSize;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5224\u65ad\u6808\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\n    public bool IsEmpty() {\n        return Size() == 0;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5165\u6808 */\n    public void Push(int num) {\n        ListNode node = new(num) {\n            next = stackPeek\n        };\n        stackPeek = node;\n        stkSize++;\n    }\n\n    /* \u51fa\u6808 */\n    public int Pop() {\n        int num = Peek();\n        stackPeek = stackPeek!.next;\n        stkSize--;\n        return num;\n    }\n\n    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\n    public int Peek() {\n        if (IsEmpty())\n            throw new Exception();\n        return stackPeek!.val;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5c06 List \u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a Array \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de */\n    public int[] ToArray() {\n        if (stackPeek == null)\n            return [];\n\n        ListNode? node = stackPeek;\n        int[] res = new int[Size()];\n        for (int i = res.Length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {\n            res[i] = node!.val;\n            node = node.next;\n        }\n        return res;\n    }\n}\n
    linkedlist_stack.go
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6808 */\ntype linkedListStack struct {\n    // \u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u7f6e\u5305 list \u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u6808\n    data *list.List\n}\n\n/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6808 */\nfunc newLinkedListStack() *linkedListStack {\n    return &linkedListStack{\n        data: list.New(),\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u5165\u6808 */\nfunc (s *linkedListStack) push(value int) {\n    s.data.PushBack(value)\n}\n\n/* \u51fa\u6808 */\nfunc (s *linkedListStack) pop() any {\n    if s.isEmpty() {\n        return nil\n    }\n    e := s.data.Back()\n    s.data.Remove(e)\n    return e.Value\n}\n\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunc (s *linkedListStack) peek() any {\n    if s.isEmpty() {\n        return nil\n    }\n    e := s.data.Back()\n    return e.Value\n}\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nfunc (s *linkedListStack) size() int {\n    return s.data.Len()\n}\n\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u6808\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nfunc (s *linkedListStack) isEmpty() bool {\n    return s.data.Len() == 0\n}\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6 List \u7528\u4e8e\u6253\u5370 */\nfunc (s *linkedListStack) toList() *list.List {\n    return s.data\n}\n
    linkedlist_stack.swift
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6808 */\nclass LinkedListStack {\n    private var _peek: ListNode? // \u5c06\u5934\u8282\u70b9\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6808\u9876\n    private var _size = 0 // \u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\n\n    init() {}\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\n    func size() -> Int {\n        _size\n    }\n\n    /* \u5224\u65ad\u6808\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\n    func isEmpty() -> Bool {\n        size() == 0\n    }\n\n    /* \u5165\u6808 */\n    func push(num: Int) {\n        let node = ListNode(x: num)\n        node.next = _peek\n        _peek = node\n        _size += 1\n    }\n\n    /* \u51fa\u6808 */\n    @discardableResult\n    func pop() -> Int {\n        let num = peek()\n        _peek = _peek?.next\n        _size -= 1\n        return num\n    }\n\n    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\n    func peek() -> Int {\n        if isEmpty() {\n            fatalError(\"\u6808\u4e3a\u7a7a\")\n        }\n        return _peek!.val\n    }\n\n    /* \u5c06 List \u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a Array \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de */\n    func toArray() -> [Int] {\n        var node = _peek\n        var res = Array(repeating: 0, count: _size)\n        for i in sequence(first: res.count - 1, next: { $0 >= 0 + 1 ? $0 - 1 : nil }) {\n            res[i] = node!.val\n            node = node?.next\n        }\n        return res\n    }\n}\n
    linkedlist_stack.js
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6808 */\nclass LinkedListStack {\n    #stackPeek; // \u5c06\u5934\u8282\u70b9\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6808\u9876\n    #stkSize = 0; // \u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\n\n    constructor() {\n        this.#stackPeek = null;\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\n    get size() {\n        return this.#stkSize;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5224\u65ad\u6808\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\n    isEmpty() {\n        return this.size === 0;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5165\u6808 */\n    push(num) {\n        const node = new ListNode(num);\n        node.next = this.#stackPeek;\n        this.#stackPeek = node;\n        this.#stkSize++;\n    }\n\n    /* \u51fa\u6808 */\n    pop() {\n        const num = this.peek();\n        this.#stackPeek = this.#stackPeek.next;\n        this.#stkSize--;\n        return num;\n    }\n\n    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\n    peek() {\n        if (!this.#stackPeek) throw new Error('\u6808\u4e3a\u7a7a');\n        return this.#stackPeek.val;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5c06\u94fe\u8868\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a Array \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de */\n    toArray() {\n        let node = this.#stackPeek;\n        const res = new Array(this.size);\n        for (let i = res.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {\n            res[i] = node.val;\n            node = node.next;\n        }\n        return res;\n    }\n}\n
    linkedlist_stack.ts
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6808 */\nclass LinkedListStack {\n    private stackPeek: ListNode | null; // \u5c06\u5934\u8282\u70b9\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6808\u9876\n    private stkSize: number = 0; // \u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\n\n    constructor() {\n        this.stackPeek = null;\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\n    get size(): number {\n        return this.stkSize;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5224\u65ad\u6808\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\n    isEmpty(): boolean {\n        return this.size === 0;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5165\u6808 */\n    push(num: number): void {\n        const node = new ListNode(num);\n        node.next = this.stackPeek;\n        this.stackPeek = node;\n        this.stkSize++;\n    }\n\n    /* \u51fa\u6808 */\n    pop(): number {\n        const num = this.peek();\n        if (!this.stackPeek) throw new Error('\u6808\u4e3a\u7a7a');\n        this.stackPeek = this.stackPeek.next;\n        this.stkSize--;\n        return num;\n    }\n\n    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\n    peek(): number {\n        if (!this.stackPeek) throw new Error('\u6808\u4e3a\u7a7a');\n        return this.stackPeek.val;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5c06\u94fe\u8868\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a Array \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de */\n    toArray(): number[] {\n        let node = this.stackPeek;\n        const res = new Array<number>(this.size);\n        for (let i = res.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {\n            res[i] = node!.val;\n            node = node!.next;\n        }\n        return res;\n    }\n}\n
    linkedlist_stack.dart
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u7c7b\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6808 */\nclass LinkedListStack {\n  ListNode? _stackPeek; // \u5c06\u5934\u8282\u70b9\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6808\u9876\n  int _stkSize = 0; // \u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\n\n  LinkedListStack() {\n    _stackPeek = null;\n  }\n\n  /* \u83b7\u53d6\u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\n  int size() {\n    return _stkSize;\n  }\n\n  /* \u5224\u65ad\u6808\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\n  bool isEmpty() {\n    return _stkSize == 0;\n  }\n\n  /* \u5165\u6808 */\n  void push(int _num) {\n    final ListNode node = ListNode(_num);\n    node.next = _stackPeek;\n    _stackPeek = node;\n    _stkSize++;\n  }\n\n  /* \u51fa\u6808 */\n  int pop() {\n    final int _num = peek();\n    _stackPeek = _stackPeek!.next;\n    _stkSize--;\n    return _num;\n  }\n\n  /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\n  int peek() {\n    if (_stackPeek == null) {\n      throw Exception(\"\u6808\u4e3a\u7a7a\");\n    }\n    return _stackPeek!.val;\n  }\n\n  /* \u5c06\u94fe\u8868\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a List \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de */\n  List<int> toList() {\n    ListNode? node = _stackPeek;\n    List<int> list = [];\n    while (node != null) {\n      list.add(node.val);\n      node = node.next;\n    }\n    list = list.reversed.toList();\n    return list;\n  }\n}\n
    linkedlist_stack.rs
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6808 */\n#[allow(dead_code)]\npub struct LinkedListStack<T> {\n    stack_peek: Option<Rc<RefCell<ListNode<T>>>>,   // \u5c06\u5934\u8282\u70b9\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6808\u9876\n    stk_size: usize,                                // \u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\n}\n\nimpl<T: Copy> LinkedListStack<T> {\n    pub fn new() -> Self {\n        Self {\n            stack_peek: None,\n            stk_size: 0,\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\n    pub fn size(&self) -> usize {\n        return self.stk_size;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5224\u65ad\u6808\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\n    pub fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {\n        return self.size() == 0;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5165\u6808 */\n    pub fn push(&mut self, num: T) {\n        let node = ListNode::new(num);\n        node.borrow_mut().next = self.stack_peek.take();\n        self.stack_peek = Some(node);\n        self.stk_size += 1;\n    }\n\n    /* \u51fa\u6808 */\n    pub fn pop(&mut self) -> Option<T> {\n        self.stack_peek.take().map(|old_head| {\n            match old_head.borrow_mut().next.take() {\n                Some(new_head) => {\n                    self.stack_peek = Some(new_head);\n                }\n                None => {\n                    self.stack_peek = None;\n                }\n            }\n            self.stk_size -= 1;\n            Rc::try_unwrap(old_head).ok().unwrap().into_inner().val\n        })\n    }\n\n    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\n    pub fn peek(&self) -> Option<&Rc<RefCell<ListNode<T>>>> {\n        self.stack_peek.as_ref()\n    }\n\n    /* \u5c06 List \u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a Array \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de */\n    pub fn to_array(&self, head: Option<&Rc<RefCell<ListNode<T>>>>) -> Vec<T> {\n        if let Some(node) = head {\n            let mut nums = self.to_array(node.borrow().next.as_ref());\n            nums.push(node.borrow().val);\n            return nums;\n        }\n        return Vec::new();\n    }\n}\n
    linkedlist_stack.c
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6808 */\ntypedef struct {\n    ListNode *top; // \u5c06\u5934\u8282\u70b9\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6808\u9876\n    int size;      // \u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\n} LinkedListStack;\n\n/* \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570 */\nLinkedListStack *newLinkedListStack() {\n    LinkedListStack *s = malloc(sizeof(LinkedListStack));\n    s->top = NULL;\n    s->size = 0;\n    return s;\n}\n\n/* \u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570 */\nvoid delLinkedListStack(LinkedListStack *s) {\n    while (s->top) {\n        ListNode *n = s->top->next;\n        free(s->top);\n        s->top = n;\n    }\n    free(s);\n}\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nint size(LinkedListStack *s) {\n    return s->size;\n}\n\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u6808\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nbool isEmpty(LinkedListStack *s) {\n    return size(s) == 0;\n}\n\n/* \u5165\u6808 */\nvoid push(LinkedListStack *s, int num) {\n    ListNode *node = (ListNode *)malloc(sizeof(ListNode));\n    node->next = s->top; // \u66f4\u65b0\u65b0\u52a0\u8282\u70b9\u6307\u9488\u57df\n    node->val = num;     // \u66f4\u65b0\u65b0\u52a0\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u636e\u57df\n    s->top = node;       // \u66f4\u65b0\u6808\u9876\n    s->size++;           // \u66f4\u65b0\u6808\u5927\u5c0f\n}\n\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\nint peek(LinkedListStack *s) {\n    if (s->size == 0) {\n        printf(\"\u6808\u4e3a\u7a7a\\n\");\n        return INT_MAX;\n    }\n    return s->top->val;\n}\n\n/* \u51fa\u6808 */\nint pop(LinkedListStack *s) {\n    int val = peek(s);\n    ListNode *tmp = s->top;\n    s->top = s->top->next;\n    // \u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\n    free(tmp);\n    s->size--;\n    return val;\n}\n
    linkedlist_stack.zig
    // \u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6808\nfn LinkedListStack(comptime T: type) type {\n    return struct {\n        const Self = @This();\n\n        stack_top: ?*inc.ListNode(T) = null,             // \u5c06\u5934\u8282\u70b9\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6808\u9876\n        stk_size: usize = 0,                             // \u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\n        mem_arena: ?std.heap.ArenaAllocator = null,\n        mem_allocator: std.mem.Allocator = undefined,    // \u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u5668\n\n        // \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\uff08\u5206\u914d\u5185\u5b58+\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6808\uff09\n        pub fn init(self: *Self, allocator: std.mem.Allocator) !void {\n            if (self.mem_arena == null) {\n                self.mem_arena = std.heap.ArenaAllocator.init(allocator);\n                self.mem_allocator = self.mem_arena.?.allocator();\n            }\n            self.stack_top = null;\n            self.stk_size = 0;\n        }\n\n        // \u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\uff08\u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\uff09\n        pub fn deinit(self: *Self) void {\n            if (self.mem_arena == null) return;\n            self.mem_arena.?.deinit();\n        }\n\n        // \u83b7\u53d6\u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\n        pub fn size(self: *Self) usize {\n            return self.stk_size;\n        }\n\n        // \u5224\u65ad\u6808\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a\n        pub fn isEmpty(self: *Self) bool {\n            return self.size() == 0;\n        }\n\n        // \u8bbf\u95ee\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20\n        pub fn peek(self: *Self) T {\n            if (self.size() == 0) @panic(\"\u6808\u4e3a\u7a7a\");\n            return self.stack_top.?.val;\n        }  \n\n        // \u5165\u6808\n        pub fn push(self: *Self, num: T) !void {\n            var node = try self.mem_allocator.create(inc.ListNode(T));\n            node.init(num);\n            node.next = self.stack_top;\n            self.stack_top = node;\n            self.stk_size += 1;\n        } \n\n        // \u51fa\u6808\n        pub fn pop(self: *Self) T {\n            var num = self.peek();\n            self.stack_top = self.stack_top.?.next;\n            self.stk_size -= 1;\n            return num;\n        } \n\n        // \u5c06\u6808\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\n        pub fn toArray(self: *Self) ![]T {\n            var node = self.stack_top;\n            var res = try self.mem_allocator.alloc(T, self.size());\n            @memset(res, @as(T, 0));\n            var i: usize = 0;\n            while (i < res.len) : (i += 1) {\n                res[res.len - i - 1] = node.?.val;\n                node = node.?.next;\n            }\n            return res;\n        }\n    };\n}\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_stack_and_queue/stack/#2","title":"2. \u00a0 \u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0","text":"

    \u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u6808\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5c3e\u90e8\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6808\u9876\u3002\u5982\u56fe 5-3 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5165\u6808\u4e0e\u51fa\u6808\u64cd\u4f5c\u5206\u522b\u5bf9\u5e94\u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u90fd\u4e3a \\(O(1)\\) \u3002

    ArrayStackpush()pop()

    \u56fe 5-3 \u00a0 \u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u6808\u7684\u5165\u6808\u51fa\u6808\u64cd\u4f5c

    \u7531\u4e8e\u5165\u6808\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6e90\u6e90\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u52a8\u6001\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u65e0\u987b\u81ea\u884c\u5904\u7406\u6570\u7ec4\u6269\u5bb9\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e3a\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig array_stack.py
    class ArrayStack:\n    \"\"\"\u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6808\"\"\"\n\n    def __init__(self):\n        \"\"\"\u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5\"\"\"\n        self._stack: list[int] = []\n\n    def size(self) -> int:\n        \"\"\"\u83b7\u53d6\u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\"\"\"\n        return len(self._stack)\n\n    def is_empty(self) -> bool:\n        \"\"\"\u5224\u65ad\u6808\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a\"\"\"\n        return self._stack == []\n\n    def push(self, item: int):\n        \"\"\"\u5165\u6808\"\"\"\n        self._stack.append(item)\n\n    def pop(self) -> int:\n        \"\"\"\u51fa\u6808\"\"\"\n        if self.is_empty():\n            raise IndexError(\"\u6808\u4e3a\u7a7a\")\n        return self._stack.pop()\n\n    def peek(self) -> int:\n        \"\"\"\u8bbf\u95ee\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20\"\"\"\n        if self.is_empty():\n            raise IndexError(\"\u6808\u4e3a\u7a7a\")\n        return self._stack[-1]\n\n    def to_list(self) -> list[int]:\n        \"\"\"\u8fd4\u56de\u5217\u8868\u7528\u4e8e\u6253\u5370\"\"\"\n        return self._stack\n
    array_stack.cpp
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6808 */\nclass ArrayStack {\n  private:\n    vector<int> stack;\n\n  public:\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\n    int size() {\n        return stack.size();\n    }\n\n    /* \u5224\u65ad\u6808\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\n    bool isEmpty() {\n        return stack.size() == 0;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5165\u6808 */\n    void push(int num) {\n        stack.push_back(num);\n    }\n\n    /* \u51fa\u6808 */\n    int pop() {\n        int num = top();\n        stack.pop_back();\n        return num;\n    }\n\n    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\n    int top() {\n        if (isEmpty())\n            throw out_of_range(\"\u6808\u4e3a\u7a7a\");\n        return stack.back();\n    }\n\n    /* \u8fd4\u56de Vector */\n    vector<int> toVector() {\n        return stack;\n    }\n};\n
    array_stack.java
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6808 */\nclass ArrayStack {\n    private ArrayList<Integer> stack;\n\n    public ArrayStack() {\n        // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5217\u8868\uff08\u52a8\u6001\u6570\u7ec4\uff09\n        stack = new ArrayList<>();\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\n    public int size() {\n        return stack.size();\n    }\n\n    /* \u5224\u65ad\u6808\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\n    public boolean isEmpty() {\n        return size() == 0;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5165\u6808 */\n    public void push(int num) {\n        stack.add(num);\n    }\n\n    /* \u51fa\u6808 */\n    public int pop() {\n        if (isEmpty())\n            throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();\n        return stack.remove(size() - 1);\n    }\n\n    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\n    public int peek() {\n        if (isEmpty())\n            throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();\n        return stack.get(size() - 1);\n    }\n\n    /* \u5c06 List \u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a Array \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de */\n    public Object[] toArray() {\n        return stack.toArray();\n    }\n}\n
    array_stack.cs
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6808 */\nclass ArrayStack {\n    List<int> stack;\n    public ArrayStack() {\n        // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5217\u8868\uff08\u52a8\u6001\u6570\u7ec4\uff09\n        stack = [];\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\n    public int Size() {\n        return stack.Count;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5224\u65ad\u6808\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\n    public bool IsEmpty() {\n        return Size() == 0;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5165\u6808 */\n    public void Push(int num) {\n        stack.Add(num);\n    }\n\n    /* \u51fa\u6808 */\n    public int Pop() {\n        if (IsEmpty())\n            throw new Exception();\n        var val = Peek();\n        stack.RemoveAt(Size() - 1);\n        return val;\n    }\n\n    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\n    public int Peek() {\n        if (IsEmpty())\n            throw new Exception();\n        return stack[Size() - 1];\n    }\n\n    /* \u5c06 List \u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a Array \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de */\n    public int[] ToArray() {\n        return [.. stack];\n    }\n}\n
    array_stack.go
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6808 */\ntype arrayStack struct {\n    data []int // \u6570\u636e\n}\n\n/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6808 */\nfunc newArrayStack() *arrayStack {\n    return &arrayStack{\n        // \u8bbe\u7f6e\u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 0\uff0c\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e3a 16\n        data: make([]int, 0, 16),\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nfunc (s *arrayStack) size() int {\n    return len(s.data)\n}\n\n/* \u6808\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nfunc (s *arrayStack) isEmpty() bool {\n    return s.size() == 0\n}\n\n/* \u5165\u6808 */\nfunc (s *arrayStack) push(v int) {\n    // \u5207\u7247\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u6269\u5bb9\n    s.data = append(s.data, v)\n}\n\n/* \u51fa\u6808 */\nfunc (s *arrayStack) pop() any {\n    val := s.peek()\n    s.data = s.data[:len(s.data)-1]\n    return val\n}\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunc (s *arrayStack) peek() any {\n    if s.isEmpty() {\n        return nil\n    }\n    val := s.data[len(s.data)-1]\n    return val\n}\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6 Slice \u7528\u4e8e\u6253\u5370 */\nfunc (s *arrayStack) toSlice() []int {\n    return s.data\n}\n
    array_stack.swift
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6808 */\nclass ArrayStack {\n    private var stack: [Int]\n\n    init() {\n        // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5217\u8868\uff08\u52a8\u6001\u6570\u7ec4\uff09\n        stack = []\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\n    func size() -> Int {\n        stack.count\n    }\n\n    /* \u5224\u65ad\u6808\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\n    func isEmpty() -> Bool {\n        stack.isEmpty\n    }\n\n    /* \u5165\u6808 */\n    func push(num: Int) {\n        stack.append(num)\n    }\n\n    /* \u51fa\u6808 */\n    @discardableResult\n    func pop() -> Int {\n        if isEmpty() {\n            fatalError(\"\u6808\u4e3a\u7a7a\")\n        }\n        return stack.removeLast()\n    }\n\n    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\n    func peek() -> Int {\n        if isEmpty() {\n            fatalError(\"\u6808\u4e3a\u7a7a\")\n        }\n        return stack.last!\n    }\n\n    /* \u5c06 List \u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a Array \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de */\n    func toArray() -> [Int] {\n        stack\n    }\n}\n
    array_stack.js
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6808 */\nclass ArrayStack {\n    #stack;\n    constructor() {\n        this.#stack = [];\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\n    get size() {\n        return this.#stack.length;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5224\u65ad\u6808\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\n    isEmpty() {\n        return this.#stack.length === 0;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5165\u6808 */\n    push(num) {\n        this.#stack.push(num);\n    }\n\n    /* \u51fa\u6808 */\n    pop() {\n        if (this.isEmpty()) throw new Error('\u6808\u4e3a\u7a7a');\n        return this.#stack.pop();\n    }\n\n    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\n    top() {\n        if (this.isEmpty()) throw new Error('\u6808\u4e3a\u7a7a');\n        return this.#stack[this.#stack.length - 1];\n    }\n\n    /* \u8fd4\u56de Array */\n    toArray() {\n        return this.#stack;\n    }\n}\n
    array_stack.ts
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6808 */\nclass ArrayStack {\n    private stack: number[];\n    constructor() {\n        this.stack = [];\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\n    get size(): number {\n        return this.stack.length;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5224\u65ad\u6808\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\n    isEmpty(): boolean {\n        return this.stack.length === 0;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5165\u6808 */\n    push(num: number): void {\n        this.stack.push(num);\n    }\n\n    /* \u51fa\u6808 */\n    pop(): number | undefined {\n        if (this.isEmpty()) throw new Error('\u6808\u4e3a\u7a7a');\n        return this.stack.pop();\n    }\n\n    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\n    top(): number | undefined {\n        if (this.isEmpty()) throw new Error('\u6808\u4e3a\u7a7a');\n        return this.stack[this.stack.length - 1];\n    }\n\n    /* \u8fd4\u56de Array */\n    toArray() {\n        return this.stack;\n    }\n}\n
    array_stack.dart
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6808 */\nclass ArrayStack {\n  late List<int> _stack;\n  ArrayStack() {\n    _stack = [];\n  }\n\n  /* \u83b7\u53d6\u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\n  int size() {\n    return _stack.length;\n  }\n\n  /* \u5224\u65ad\u6808\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\n  bool isEmpty() {\n    return _stack.isEmpty;\n  }\n\n  /* \u5165\u6808 */\n  void push(int _num) {\n    _stack.add(_num);\n  }\n\n  /* \u51fa\u6808 */\n  int pop() {\n    if (isEmpty()) {\n      throw Exception(\"\u6808\u4e3a\u7a7a\");\n    }\n    return _stack.removeLast();\n  }\n\n  /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\n  int peek() {\n    if (isEmpty()) {\n      throw Exception(\"\u6808\u4e3a\u7a7a\");\n    }\n    return _stack.last;\n  }\n\n  /* \u5c06\u6808\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a Array \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de */\n  List<int> toArray() => _stack;\n}\n
    array_stack.rs
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6808 */\nstruct ArrayStack<T> {\n    stack: Vec<T>,\n}\n\nimpl<T> ArrayStack<T> {\n    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6808 */\n    fn new() -> ArrayStack<T> {\n        ArrayStack::<T> { stack: Vec::<T>::new() }\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\n    fn size(&self) -> usize {\n        self.stack.len()\n    }\n\n    /* \u5224\u65ad\u6808\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\n    fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {\n        self.size() == 0\n    }\n\n    /* \u5165\u6808 */\n    fn push(&mut self, num: T) {\n        self.stack.push(num);\n    }\n\n    /* \u51fa\u6808 */\n    fn pop(&mut self) -> Option<T> {\n        match self.stack.pop() {\n            Some(num) => Some(num),\n            None => None,\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\n    fn peek(&self) -> Option<&T> {\n        if self.is_empty() { panic!(\"\u6808\u4e3a\u7a7a\") };\n        self.stack.last()\n    }\n\n    /* \u8fd4\u56de &Vec */\n    fn to_array(&self) -> &Vec<T> {\n        &self.stack\n    }\n}\n
    array_stack.c
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6808 */\ntypedef struct {\n    int *data;\n    int size;\n} ArrayStack;\n\n/* \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570 */\nArrayStack *newArrayStack() {\n    ArrayStack *stack = malloc(sizeof(ArrayStack));\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u6269\u5bb9\n    stack->data = malloc(sizeof(int) * MAX_SIZE);\n    stack->size = 0;\n    return stack;\n}\n\n/* \u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570 */\nvoid delArrayStack(ArrayStack *stack) {\n    free(stack->data);\n    free(stack);\n}\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nint size(ArrayStack *stack) {\n    return stack->size;\n}\n\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u6808\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nbool isEmpty(ArrayStack *stack) {\n    return stack->size == 0;\n}\n\n/* \u5165\u6808 */\nvoid push(ArrayStack *stack, int num) {\n    if (stack->size == MAX_SIZE) {\n        printf(\"\u6808\u5df2\u6ee1\\n\");\n        return;\n    }\n    stack->data[stack->size] = num;\n    stack->size++;\n}\n\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\nint peek(ArrayStack *stack) {\n    if (stack->size == 0) {\n        printf(\"\u6808\u4e3a\u7a7a\\n\");\n        return INT_MAX;\n    }\n    return stack->data[stack->size - 1];\n}\n\n/* \u51fa\u6808 */\nint pop(ArrayStack *stack) {\n    int val = peek(stack);\n    stack->size--;\n    return val;\n}\n
    array_stack.zig
    // \u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6808\nfn ArrayStack(comptime T: type) type {\n    return struct {\n        const Self = @This();\n\n        stack: ?std.ArrayList(T) = null,     \n\n        // \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5\uff08\u5206\u914d\u5185\u5b58+\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6808\uff09\n        pub fn init(self: *Self, allocator: std.mem.Allocator) void {\n            if (self.stack == null) {\n                self.stack = std.ArrayList(T).init(allocator);\n            }\n        }\n\n        // \u6790\u6784\u65b9\u6cd5\uff08\u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\uff09\n        pub fn deinit(self: *Self) void {\n            if (self.stack == null) return;\n            self.stack.?.deinit();\n        }\n\n        // \u83b7\u53d6\u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\n        pub fn size(self: *Self) usize {\n            return self.stack.?.items.len;\n        }\n\n        // \u5224\u65ad\u6808\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a\n        pub fn isEmpty(self: *Self) bool {\n            return self.size() == 0;\n        }\n\n        // \u8bbf\u95ee\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20\n        pub fn peek(self: *Self) T {\n            if (self.isEmpty()) @panic(\"\u6808\u4e3a\u7a7a\");\n            return self.stack.?.items[self.size() - 1];\n        }  \n\n        // \u5165\u6808\n        pub fn push(self: *Self, num: T) !void {\n            try self.stack.?.append(num);\n        } \n\n        // \u51fa\u6808\n        pub fn pop(self: *Self) T {\n            var num = self.stack.?.pop();\n            return num;\n        } \n\n        // \u8fd4\u56de ArrayList\n        pub fn toList(self: *Self) std.ArrayList(T) {\n            return self.stack.?;\n        }\n    };\n}\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_stack_and_queue/stack/#513","title":"5.1.3 \u00a0 \u4e24\u79cd\u5b9e\u73b0\u5bf9\u6bd4","text":"

    \u652f\u6301\u64cd\u4f5c

    \u4e24\u79cd\u5b9e\u73b0\u90fd\u652f\u6301\u6808\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e2d\u7684\u5404\u9879\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u989d\u5916\u652f\u6301\u968f\u673a\u8bbf\u95ee\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u5df2\u8d85\u51fa\u4e86\u6808\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u8303\u7574\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e00\u822c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u7528\u5230\u3002

    \u65f6\u95f4\u6548\u7387

    \u5728\u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e2d\uff0c\u5165\u6808\u548c\u51fa\u6808\u64cd\u4f5c\u90fd\u5728\u9884\u5148\u5206\u914d\u597d\u7684\u8fde\u7eed\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u7f13\u5b58\u672c\u5730\u6027\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6548\u7387\u8f83\u9ad8\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5165\u6808\u65f6\u8d85\u51fa\u6570\u7ec4\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u4f1a\u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u8be5\u6b21\u5165\u6808\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u53d8\u4e3a \\(O(n)\\) \u3002

    \u5728\u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e2d\uff0c\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u6269\u5bb9\u975e\u5e38\u7075\u6d3b\uff0c\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6570\u7ec4\u6269\u5bb9\u65f6\u6548\u7387\u964d\u4f4e\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5165\u6808\u64cd\u4f5c\u9700\u8981\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u8282\u70b9\u5bf9\u8c61\u5e76\u4fee\u6539\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6548\u7387\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u4f4e\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5165\u6808\u5143\u7d20\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u8282\u70b9\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u53ef\u4ee5\u7701\u53bb\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63d0\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\u3002

    \u7efc\u4e0a\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u5f53\u5165\u6808\u4e0e\u51fa\u6808\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u662f\u57fa\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u65f6\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 int \u6216 double \uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u51fa\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7ed3\u8bba\u3002

    • \u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6808\u5728\u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u65f6\u6548\u7387\u4f1a\u964d\u4f4e\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u6269\u5bb9\u662f\u4f4e\u9891\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5e73\u5747\u6548\u7387\u66f4\u9ad8\u3002
    • \u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6808\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u52a0\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u6548\u7387\u8868\u73b0\u3002

    \u7a7a\u95f4\u6548\u7387

    \u5728\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5217\u8868\u65f6\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u4e3a\u5217\u8868\u5206\u914d\u201c\u521d\u59cb\u5bb9\u91cf\u201d\uff0c\u8be5\u5bb9\u91cf\u53ef\u80fd\u8d85\u51fa\u5b9e\u9645\u9700\u6c42\uff1b\u5e76\u4e14\uff0c\u6269\u5bb9\u673a\u5236\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u6309\u7167\u7279\u5b9a\u500d\u7387\uff08\u4f8b\u5982 2 \u500d\uff09\u8fdb\u884c\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\uff0c\u6269\u5bb9\u540e\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u8d85\u51fa\u5b9e\u9645\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6808\u53ef\u80fd\u9020\u6210\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u6d6a\u8d39\u3002

    \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9\u9700\u8981\u989d\u5916\u5b58\u50a8\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9\u5360\u7528\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u5927\u3002

    \u7efc\u4e0a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u786e\u5b9a\u54ea\u79cd\u5b9e\u73b0\u66f4\u52a0\u8282\u7701\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u9488\u5bf9\u5177\u4f53\u60c5\u51b5\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u6790\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_stack_and_queue/stack/#514","title":"5.1.4 \u00a0 \u6808\u5178\u578b\u5e94\u7528","text":"
    • \u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u4e2d\u7684\u540e\u9000\u4e0e\u524d\u8fdb\u3001\u8f6f\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u64a4\u9500\u4e0e\u53cd\u64a4\u9500\u3002\u6bcf\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u6253\u5f00\u65b0\u7684\u7f51\u9875\uff0c\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u5c31\u4f1a\u5bf9\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51\u9875\u6267\u884c\u5165\u6808\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u540e\u9000\u64cd\u4f5c\u56de\u5230\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51\u9875\u3002\u540e\u9000\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u5728\u6267\u884c\u51fa\u6808\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8981\u540c\u65f6\u652f\u6301\u540e\u9000\u548c\u524d\u8fdb\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u9700\u8981\u4e24\u4e2a\u6808\u6765\u914d\u5408\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002
    • \u7a0b\u5e8f\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u3002\u6bcf\u6b21\u8c03\u7528\u51fd\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u90fd\u4f1a\u5728\u6808\u9876\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u6808\u5e27\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u5728\u9012\u5f52\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\uff0c\u5411\u4e0b\u9012\u63a8\u9636\u6bb5\u4f1a\u4e0d\u65ad\u6267\u884c\u5165\u6808\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u800c\u5411\u4e0a\u56de\u6eaf\u9636\u6bb5\u5219\u4f1a\u4e0d\u65ad\u6267\u884c\u51fa\u6808\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_stack_and_queue/summary/","title":"5.4 \u00a0 \u5c0f\u7ed3","text":""},{"location":"chapter_stack_and_queue/summary/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u91cd\u70b9\u56de\u987e","text":"
    • \u6808\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u9075\u5faa\u5148\u5165\u540e\u51fa\u539f\u5219\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u6216\u94fe\u8868\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002
    • \u5728\u65f6\u95f4\u6548\u7387\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6808\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u5177\u6709\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u6269\u5bb9\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5355\u6b21\u5165\u6808\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4f1a\u52a3\u5316\u81f3 \\(O(n)\\) \u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u6808\u7684\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u4e3a\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u6548\u7387\u8868\u73b0\u3002
    • \u5728\u7a7a\u95f4\u6548\u7387\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6808\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u6d6a\u8d39\u3002\u4f46\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9\u6240\u5360\u7528\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u6bd4\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u66f4\u5927\u3002
    • \u961f\u5217\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u9075\u5faa\u5148\u5165\u5148\u51fa\u539f\u5219\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u6216\u94fe\u8868\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u5728\u65f6\u95f4\u6548\u7387\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u6548\u7387\u7684\u5bf9\u6bd4\u4e0a\uff0c\u961f\u5217\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u4e0e\u524d\u8ff0\u6808\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u76f8\u4f3c\u3002
    • \u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u9ad8\u81ea\u7531\u5ea6\u7684\u961f\u5217\uff0c\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u5728\u4e24\u7aef\u8fdb\u884c\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6dfb\u52a0\u548c\u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_stack_and_queue/summary/#2-q-a","title":"2. \u00a0 Q & A","text":"

    \u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u7684\u524d\u8fdb\u540e\u9000\u662f\u5426\u662f\u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\uff1f

    \u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u7684\u524d\u8fdb\u540e\u9000\u529f\u80fd\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u201c\u6808\u201d\u7684\u4f53\u73b0\u3002\u5f53\u7528\u6237\u8bbf\u95ee\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u9875\u9762\u65f6\uff0c\u8be5\u9875\u9762\u4f1a\u88ab\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u6808\u9876\uff1b\u5f53\u7528\u6237\u70b9\u51fb\u540e\u9000\u6309\u94ae\u65f6\uff0c\u8be5\u9875\u9762\u4f1a\u4ece\u6808\u9876\u5f39\u51fa\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u53ef\u4ee5\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e00\u4e9b\u989d\u5916\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5728\u201c\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u201d\u7ae0\u8282\u6709\u63d0\u5230\u3002

    \u5728\u51fa\u6808\u540e\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u9700\u8981\u91ca\u653e\u51fa\u6808\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5185\u5b58\uff1f

    \u5982\u679c\u540e\u7eed\u4ecd\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u5f39\u51fa\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\u3002\u82e5\u4e4b\u540e\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7528\u5230\uff0cJava \u548c Python \u7b49\u8bed\u8a00\u62e5\u6709\u81ea\u52a8\u5783\u573e\u56de\u6536\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u624b\u52a8\u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\uff1b\u5728 C \u548c C++ \u4e2d\u9700\u8981\u624b\u52a8\u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\u3002

    \u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u50cf\u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u6808\u62fc\u63a5\u5728\u4e86\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u7528\u9014\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f

    \u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5c31\u50cf\u662f\u6808\u548c\u961f\u5217\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\uff0c\u6216\u4e24\u4e2a\u6808\u62fc\u5728\u4e86\u4e00\u8d77\u3002\u5b83\u8868\u73b0\u7684\u662f\u6808 + \u961f\u5217\u7684\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u6808\u4e0e\u961f\u5217\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u66f4\u52a0\u7075\u6d3b\u3002

    \u64a4\u9500\uff08undo\uff09\u548c\u53cd\u64a4\u9500\uff08redo\uff09\u5177\u4f53\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\uff1f

    \u4f7f\u7528\u4e24\u4e2a\u6808\uff0c\u6808 A \u7528\u4e8e\u64a4\u9500\uff0c\u6808 B \u7528\u4e8e\u53cd\u64a4\u9500\u3002

    1. \u6bcf\u5f53\u7528\u6237\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u538b\u5165\u6808 A \uff0c\u5e76\u6e05\u7a7a\u6808 B \u3002
    2. \u5f53\u7528\u6237\u6267\u884c\u201c\u64a4\u9500\u201d\u65f6\uff0c\u4ece\u6808 A \u4e2d\u5f39\u51fa\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u538b\u5165\u6808 B \u3002
    3. \u5f53\u7528\u6237\u6267\u884c\u201c\u53cd\u64a4\u9500\u201d\u65f6\uff0c\u4ece\u6808 B \u4e2d\u5f39\u51fa\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u538b\u5165\u6808 A \u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_tree/","title":"\u7b2c 7 \u7ae0 \u00a0 \u6811","text":"

    Abstract

    \u53c2\u5929\u5927\u6811\u5145\u6ee1\u751f\u547d\u529b\uff0c\u6839\u6df1\u53f6\u8302\uff0c\u5206\u679d\u6276\u758f\u3002

    \u5b83\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u5c55\u73b0\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6cbb\u7684\u751f\u52a8\u5f62\u6001\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_tree/#_1","title":"\u672c\u7ae0\u5185\u5bb9","text":"
    • 7.1 \u00a0 \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811
    • 7.2 \u00a0 \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u904d\u5386
    • 7.3 \u00a0 \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a
    • 7.4 \u00a0 \u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811
    • 7.5 \u00a0 AVL \u6811 *
    • 7.6 \u00a0 \u5c0f\u7ed3
    "},{"location":"chapter_tree/array_representation_of_tree/","title":"7.3 \u00a0 \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a","text":"

    \u5728\u94fe\u8868\u8868\u793a\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u5355\u5143\u4e3a\u8282\u70b9 TreeNode \uff0c\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u901a\u8fc7\u6307\u9488\u76f8\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u4e0a\u4e00\u8282\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u94fe\u8868\u8868\u793a\u4e0b\u7684\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u5404\u9879\u57fa\u672c\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002

    \u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u5426\u7528\u6570\u7ec4\u6765\u8868\u793a\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u5462\uff1f\u7b54\u6848\u662f\u80af\u5b9a\u7684\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_tree/array_representation_of_tree/#731","title":"7.3.1 \u00a0 \u8868\u793a\u5b8c\u7f8e\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811","text":"

    \u5148\u5206\u6790\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u6848\u4f8b\u3002\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u68f5\u5b8c\u7f8e\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\u6309\u7167\u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u5bf9\u5e94\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15\u3002

    \u6839\u636e\u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a8\u5bfc\u51fa\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\u4e0e\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u201c\u6620\u5c04\u516c\u5f0f\u201d\uff1a\u82e5\u67d0\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a \\(i\\) \uff0c\u5219\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a \\(2i + 1\\) \uff0c\u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a \\(2i + 2\\) \u3002\u56fe 7-12 \u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5404\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6620\u5c04\u5173\u7cfb\u3002

    \u56fe 7-12 \u00a0 \u5b8c\u7f8e\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a

    \u6620\u5c04\u516c\u5f0f\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u6307\u9488\u3002\u7ed9\u5b9a\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6620\u5c04\u516c\u5f0f\u6765\u8bbf\u95ee\u5b83\u7684\u5de6\uff08\u53f3\uff09\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_tree/array_representation_of_tree/#732","title":"7.3.2 \u00a0 \u8868\u793a\u4efb\u610f\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811","text":"

    \u5b8c\u7f8e\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u4f8b\uff0c\u5728\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u4e2d\u95f4\u5c42\u901a\u5e38\u5b58\u5728\u8bb8\u591a None \u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\u5e76\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u8fd9\u4e9b None \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ec5\u51ed\u8be5\u5e8f\u5217\u6765\u63a8\u6d4b None \u7684\u6570\u91cf\u548c\u5206\u5e03\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5b58\u5728\u591a\u79cd\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7ed3\u6784\u90fd\u7b26\u5408\u8be5\u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\u3002

    \u5982\u56fe 7-13 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u68f5\u975e\u5b8c\u7f8e\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff0c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a\u65b9\u6cd5\u5df2\u7ecf\u5931\u6548\u3002

    \u56fe 7-13 \u00a0 \u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\u5bf9\u5e94\u591a\u79cd\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u53ef\u80fd\u6027

    \u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u6b64\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8003\u8651\u5728\u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\u4e2d\u663e\u5f0f\u5730\u5199\u51fa\u6240\u6709 None \u3002\u5982\u56fe 7-14 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5904\u7406\u540e\uff0c\u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u552f\u4e00\u8868\u793a\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u4e86\u3002\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig 
    # \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a\n# \u4f7f\u7528 None \u6765\u8868\u793a\u7a7a\u4f4d\ntree = [1, 2, 3, 4, None, 6, 7, 8, 9, None, None, 12, None, None, 15]\n
    /* \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a */\n// \u4f7f\u7528 int \u6700\u5927\u503c INT_MAX \u6807\u8bb0\u7a7a\u4f4d\nvector<int> tree = {1, 2, 3, 4, INT_MAX, 6, 7, 8, 9, INT_MAX, INT_MAX, 12, INT_MAX, INT_MAX, 15};\n
    /* \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a */\n// \u4f7f\u7528 int \u7684\u5305\u88c5\u7c7b Integer \uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 null \u6765\u6807\u8bb0\u7a7a\u4f4d\nInteger[] tree = { 1, 2, 3, 4, null, 6, 7, 8, 9, null, null, 12, null, null, 15 };\n
    /* \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a */\n// \u4f7f\u7528 int? \u53ef\u7a7a\u7c7b\u578b \uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 null \u6765\u6807\u8bb0\u7a7a\u4f4d\nint?[] tree = [1, 2, 3, 4, null, 6, 7, 8, 9, null, null, 12, null, null, 15];\n
    /* \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a */\n// \u4f7f\u7528 any \u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5207\u7247, \u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 nil \u6765\u6807\u8bb0\u7a7a\u4f4d\ntree := []any{1, 2, 3, 4, nil, 6, 7, 8, 9, nil, nil, 12, nil, nil, 15}\n
    /* \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a */\n// \u4f7f\u7528 Int? \u53ef\u7a7a\u7c7b\u578b \uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 nil \u6765\u6807\u8bb0\u7a7a\u4f4d\nlet tree: [Int?] = [1, 2, 3, 4, nil, 6, 7, 8, 9, nil, nil, 12, nil, nil, 15]\n
    /* \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a */\n// \u4f7f\u7528 null \u6765\u8868\u793a\u7a7a\u4f4d\nlet tree = [1, 2, 3, 4, null, 6, 7, 8, 9, null, null, 12, null, null, 15];\n
    /* \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a */\n// \u4f7f\u7528 null \u6765\u8868\u793a\u7a7a\u4f4d\nlet tree: (number | null)[] = [1, 2, 3, 4, null, 6, 7, 8, 9, null, null, 12, null, null, 15];\n
    /* \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a */\n// \u4f7f\u7528 int? \u53ef\u7a7a\u7c7b\u578b \uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 null \u6765\u6807\u8bb0\u7a7a\u4f4d\nList<int?> tree = [1, 2, 3, 4, null, 6, 7, 8, 9, null, null, 12, null, null, 15];\n
    /* \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a */\n// \u4f7f\u7528 None \u6765\u6807\u8bb0\u7a7a\u4f4d\nlet tree = [Some(1), Some(2), Some(3), Some(4), None, Some(6), Some(7), Some(8), Some(9), None, None, Some(12), None, None, Some(15)];\n
    /* \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a */\n// \u4f7f\u7528 int \u6700\u5927\u503c\u6807\u8bb0\u7a7a\u4f4d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8981\u6c42\u8282\u70b9\u503c\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e3a INT_MAX\nint tree[] = {1, 2, 3, 4, INT_MAX, 6, 7, 8, 9, INT_MAX, INT_MAX, 12, INT_MAX, INT_MAX, 15};\n
    \n

    \u56fe 7-14 \u00a0 \u4efb\u610f\u7c7b\u578b\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a

    \u503c\u5f97\u8bf4\u660e\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u975e\u5e38\u9002\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u7ec4\u6765\u8868\u793a\u3002\u56de\u987e\u5b8c\u5168\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0cNone \u53ea\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u6700\u5e95\u5c42\u4e14\u9760\u53f3\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6240\u6709 None \u4e00\u5b9a\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u672b\u5c3e\u3002

    \u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a\u5b8c\u5168\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7701\u7565\u5b58\u50a8\u6240\u6709 None \uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u65b9\u4fbf\u3002\u56fe 7-15 \u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002

    \u56fe 7-15 \u00a0 \u5b8c\u5168\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a

    \u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u68f5\u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a\u7684\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002

    • \u7ed9\u5b9a\u67d0\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u83b7\u53d6\u5b83\u7684\u503c\u3001\u5de6\uff08\u53f3\uff09\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u3001\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u3002
    • \u83b7\u53d6\u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u3001\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u3001\u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u3001\u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\u3002
    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig array_binary_tree.py
    class ArrayBinaryTree:\n    \"\"\"\u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a\u4e0b\u7684\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7c7b\"\"\"\n\n    def __init__(self, arr: list[int | None]):\n        \"\"\"\u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5\"\"\"\n        self._tree = list(arr)\n\n    def size(self):\n        \"\"\"\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf\"\"\"\n        return len(self._tree)\n\n    def val(self, i: int) -> int:\n        \"\"\"\u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u503c\"\"\"\n        # \u82e5\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de None \uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u7a7a\u4f4d\n        if i < 0 or i >= self.size():\n            return None\n        return self._tree[i]\n\n    def left(self, i: int) -> int | None:\n        \"\"\"\u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\"\"\"\n        return 2 * i + 1\n\n    def right(self, i: int) -> int | None:\n        \"\"\"\u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\"\"\"\n        return 2 * i + 2\n\n    def parent(self, i: int) -> int | None:\n        \"\"\"\u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\"\"\"\n        return (i - 1) // 2\n\n    def level_order(self) -> list[int]:\n        \"\"\"\u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\"\"\"\n        self.res = []\n        # \u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\n        for i in range(self.size()):\n            if self.val(i) is not None:\n                self.res.append(self.val(i))\n        return self.res\n\n    def dfs(self, i: int, order: str):\n        \"\"\"\u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386\"\"\"\n        if self.val(i) is None:\n            return\n        # \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\n        if order == \"pre\":\n            self.res.append(self.val(i))\n        self.dfs(self.left(i), order)\n        # \u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\n        if order == \"in\":\n            self.res.append(self.val(i))\n        self.dfs(self.right(i), order)\n        # \u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\n        if order == \"post\":\n            self.res.append(self.val(i))\n\n    def pre_order(self) -> list[int]:\n        \"\"\"\u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\"\"\"\n        self.res = []\n        self.dfs(0, order=\"pre\")\n        return self.res\n\n    def in_order(self) -> list[int]:\n        \"\"\"\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\"\"\"\n        self.res = []\n        self.dfs(0, order=\"in\")\n        return self.res\n\n    def post_order(self) -> list[int]:\n        \"\"\"\u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\"\"\"\n        self.res = []\n        self.dfs(0, order=\"post\")\n        return self.res\n
    array_binary_tree.cpp
    /* \u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a\u4e0b\u7684\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7c7b */\nclass ArrayBinaryTree {\n  public:\n    /* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\n    ArrayBinaryTree(vector<int> arr) {\n        tree = arr;\n    }\n\n    /* \u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf */\n    int size() {\n        return tree.size();\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u503c */\n    int val(int i) {\n        // \u82e5\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de INT_MAX \uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u7a7a\u4f4d\n        if (i < 0 || i >= size())\n            return INT_MAX;\n        return tree[i];\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\n    int left(int i) {\n        return 2 * i + 1;\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\n    int right(int i) {\n        return 2 * i + 2;\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\n    int parent(int i) {\n        return (i - 1) / 2;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\n    vector<int> levelOrder() {\n        vector<int> res;\n        // \u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\n        for (int i = 0; i < size(); i++) {\n            if (val(i) != INT_MAX)\n                res.push_back(val(i));\n        }\n        return res;\n    }\n\n    /* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\n    vector<int> preOrder() {\n        vector<int> res;\n        dfs(0, \"pre\", res);\n        return res;\n    }\n\n    /* \u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\n    vector<int> inOrder() {\n        vector<int> res;\n        dfs(0, \"in\", res);\n        return res;\n    }\n\n    /* \u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\n    vector<int> postOrder() {\n        vector<int> res;\n        dfs(0, \"post\", res);\n        return res;\n    }\n\n  private:\n    vector<int> tree;\n\n    /* \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 */\n    void dfs(int i, string order, vector<int> &res) {\n        // \u82e5\u4e3a\u7a7a\u4f4d\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\n        if (val(i) == INT_MAX)\n            return;\n        // \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\n        if (order == \"pre\")\n            res.push_back(val(i));\n        dfs(left(i), order, res);\n        // \u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\n        if (order == \"in\")\n            res.push_back(val(i));\n        dfs(right(i), order, res);\n        // \u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\n        if (order == \"post\")\n            res.push_back(val(i));\n    }\n};\n
    array_binary_tree.java
    /* \u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a\u4e0b\u7684\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7c7b */\nclass ArrayBinaryTree {\n    private List<Integer> tree;\n\n    /* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\n    public ArrayBinaryTree(List<Integer> arr) {\n        tree = new ArrayList<>(arr);\n    }\n\n    /* \u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf */\n    public int size() {\n        return tree.size();\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u503c */\n    public Integer val(int i) {\n        // \u82e5\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de null \uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u7a7a\u4f4d\n        if (i < 0 || i >= size())\n            return null;\n        return tree.get(i);\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\n    public Integer left(int i) {\n        return 2 * i + 1;\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\n    public Integer right(int i) {\n        return 2 * i + 2;\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\n    public Integer parent(int i) {\n        return (i - 1) / 2;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\n    public List<Integer> levelOrder() {\n        List<Integer> res = new ArrayList<>();\n        // \u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\n        for (int i = 0; i < size(); i++) {\n            if (val(i) != null)\n                res.add(val(i));\n        }\n        return res;\n    }\n\n    /* \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 */\n    private void dfs(Integer i, String order, List<Integer> res) {\n        // \u82e5\u4e3a\u7a7a\u4f4d\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\n        if (val(i) == null)\n            return;\n        // \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\n        if (\"pre\".equals(order))\n            res.add(val(i));\n        dfs(left(i), order, res);\n        // \u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\n        if (\"in\".equals(order))\n            res.add(val(i));\n        dfs(right(i), order, res);\n        // \u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\n        if (\"post\".equals(order))\n            res.add(val(i));\n    }\n\n    /* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\n    public List<Integer> preOrder() {\n        List<Integer> res = new ArrayList<>();\n        dfs(0, \"pre\", res);\n        return res;\n    }\n\n    /* \u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\n    public List<Integer> inOrder() {\n        List<Integer> res = new ArrayList<>();\n        dfs(0, \"in\", res);\n        return res;\n    }\n\n    /* \u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\n    public List<Integer> postOrder() {\n        List<Integer> res = new ArrayList<>();\n        dfs(0, \"post\", res);\n        return res;\n    }\n}\n
    array_binary_tree.cs
    /* \u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a\u4e0b\u7684\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7c7b */\nclass ArrayBinaryTree(List<int?> arr) {\n    List<int?> tree = new(arr);\n\n    /* \u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf */\n    public int Size() {\n        return tree.Count;\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u503c */\n    public int? Val(int i) {\n        // \u82e5\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de null \uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u7a7a\u4f4d\n        if (i < 0 || i >= Size())\n            return null;\n        return tree[i];\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\n    public int Left(int i) {\n        return 2 * i + 1;\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\n    public int Right(int i) {\n        return 2 * i + 2;\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\n    public int Parent(int i) {\n        return (i - 1) / 2;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\n    public List<int> LevelOrder() {\n        List<int> res = [];\n        // \u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\n        for (int i = 0; i < Size(); i++) {\n            if (Val(i).HasValue)\n                res.Add(Val(i)!.Value);\n        }\n        return res;\n    }\n\n    /* \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 */\n    void DFS(int i, string order, List<int> res) {\n        // \u82e5\u4e3a\u7a7a\u4f4d\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\n        if (!Val(i).HasValue)\n            return;\n        // \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\n        if (order == \"pre\")\n            res.Add(Val(i)!.Value);\n        DFS(Left(i), order, res);\n        // \u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\n        if (order == \"in\")\n            res.Add(Val(i)!.Value);\n        DFS(Right(i), order, res);\n        // \u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\n        if (order == \"post\")\n            res.Add(Val(i)!.Value);\n    }\n\n    /* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\n    public List<int> PreOrder() {\n        List<int> res = [];\n        DFS(0, \"pre\", res);\n        return res;\n    }\n\n    /* \u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\n    public List<int> InOrder() {\n        List<int> res = [];\n        DFS(0, \"in\", res);\n        return res;\n    }\n\n    /* \u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\n    public List<int> PostOrder() {\n        List<int> res = [];\n        DFS(0, \"post\", res);\n        return res;\n    }\n}\n
    array_binary_tree.go
    /* \u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a\u4e0b\u7684\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7c7b */\ntype arrayBinaryTree struct {\n    tree []any\n}\n\n/* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\nfunc newArrayBinaryTree(arr []any) *arrayBinaryTree {\n    return &arrayBinaryTree{\n        tree: arr,\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf */\nfunc (abt *arrayBinaryTree) size() int {\n    return len(abt.tree)\n}\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u503c */\nfunc (abt *arrayBinaryTree) val(i int) any {\n    // \u82e5\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de null \uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u7a7a\u4f4d\n    if i < 0 || i >= abt.size() {\n        return nil\n    }\n    return abt.tree[i]\n}\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\nfunc (abt *arrayBinaryTree) left(i int) int {\n    return 2*i + 1\n}\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\nfunc (abt *arrayBinaryTree) right(i int) int {\n    return 2*i + 2\n}\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\nfunc (abt *arrayBinaryTree) parent(i int) int {\n    return (i - 1) / 2\n}\n\n/* \u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nfunc (abt *arrayBinaryTree) levelOrder() []any {\n    var res []any\n    // \u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\n    for i := 0; i < abt.size(); i++ {\n        if abt.val(i) != nil {\n            res = append(res, abt.val(i))\n        }\n    }\n    return res\n}\n\n/* \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 */\nfunc (abt *arrayBinaryTree) dfs(i int, order string, res *[]any) {\n    // \u82e5\u4e3a\u7a7a\u4f4d\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\n    if abt.val(i) == nil {\n        return\n    }\n    // \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\n    if order == \"pre\" {\n        *res = append(*res, abt.val(i))\n    }\n    abt.dfs(abt.left(i), order, res)\n    // \u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\n    if order == \"in\" {\n        *res = append(*res, abt.val(i))\n    }\n    abt.dfs(abt.right(i), order, res)\n    // \u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\n    if order == \"post\" {\n        *res = append(*res, abt.val(i))\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nfunc (abt *arrayBinaryTree) preOrder() []any {\n    var res []any\n    abt.dfs(0, \"pre\", &res)\n    return res\n}\n\n/* \u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nfunc (abt *arrayBinaryTree) inOrder() []any {\n    var res []any\n    abt.dfs(0, \"in\", &res)\n    return res\n}\n\n/* \u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nfunc (abt *arrayBinaryTree) postOrder() []any {\n    var res []any\n    abt.dfs(0, \"post\", &res)\n    return res\n}\n
    array_binary_tree.swift
    /* \u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a\u4e0b\u7684\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7c7b */\nclass ArrayBinaryTree {\n    private var tree: [Int?]\n\n    /* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\n    init(arr: [Int?]) {\n        tree = arr\n    }\n\n    /* \u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf */\n    func size() -> Int {\n        tree.count\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u503c */\n    func val(i: Int) -> Int? {\n        // \u82e5\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de null \uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u7a7a\u4f4d\n        if i < 0 || i >= size() {\n            return nil\n        }\n        return tree[i]\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\n    func left(i: Int) -> Int {\n        2 * i + 1\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\n    func right(i: Int) -> Int {\n        2 * i + 2\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\n    func parent(i: Int) -> Int {\n        (i - 1) / 2\n    }\n\n    /* \u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\n    func levelOrder() -> [Int] {\n        var res: [Int] = []\n        // \u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\n        for i in stride(from: 0, to: size(), by: 1) {\n            if let val = val(i: i) {\n                res.append(val)\n            }\n        }\n        return res\n    }\n\n    /* \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 */\n    private func dfs(i: Int, order: String, res: inout [Int]) {\n        // \u82e5\u4e3a\u7a7a\u4f4d\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\n        guard let val = val(i: i) else {\n            return\n        }\n        // \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\n        if order == \"pre\" {\n            res.append(val)\n        }\n        dfs(i: left(i: i), order: order, res: &res)\n        // \u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\n        if order == \"in\" {\n            res.append(val)\n        }\n        dfs(i: right(i: i), order: order, res: &res)\n        // \u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\n        if order == \"post\" {\n            res.append(val)\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\n    func preOrder() -> [Int] {\n        var res: [Int] = []\n        dfs(i: 0, order: \"pre\", res: &res)\n        return res\n    }\n\n    /* \u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\n    func inOrder() -> [Int] {\n        var res: [Int] = []\n        dfs(i: 0, order: \"in\", res: &res)\n        return res\n    }\n\n    /* \u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\n    func postOrder() -> [Int] {\n        var res: [Int] = []\n        dfs(i: 0, order: \"post\", res: &res)\n        return res\n    }\n}\n
    array_binary_tree.js
    /* \u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a\u4e0b\u7684\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7c7b */\nclass ArrayBinaryTree {\n    #tree;\n\n    /* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\n    constructor(arr) {\n        this.#tree = arr;\n    }\n\n    /* \u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf */\n    size() {\n        return this.#tree.length;\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u503c */\n    val(i) {\n        // \u82e5\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de null \uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u7a7a\u4f4d\n        if (i < 0 || i >= this.size()) return null;\n        return this.#tree[i];\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\n    left(i) {\n        return 2 * i + 1;\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\n    right(i) {\n        return 2 * i + 2;\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\n    parent(i) {\n        return Math.floor((i - 1) / 2); // \u5411\u4e0b\u6574\u9664\n    }\n\n    /* \u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\n    levelOrder() {\n        let res = [];\n        // \u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\n        for (let i = 0; i < this.size(); i++) {\n            if (this.val(i) !== null) res.push(this.val(i));\n        }\n        return res;\n    }\n\n    /* \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 */\n    #dfs(i, order, res) {\n        // \u82e5\u4e3a\u7a7a\u4f4d\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\n        if (this.val(i) === null) return;\n        // \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\n        if (order === 'pre') res.push(this.val(i));\n        this.#dfs(this.left(i), order, res);\n        // \u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\n        if (order === 'in') res.push(this.val(i));\n        this.#dfs(this.right(i), order, res);\n        // \u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\n        if (order === 'post') res.push(this.val(i));\n    }\n\n    /* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\n    preOrder() {\n        const res = [];\n        this.#dfs(0, 'pre', res);\n        return res;\n    }\n\n    /* \u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\n    inOrder() {\n        const res = [];\n        this.#dfs(0, 'in', res);\n        return res;\n    }\n\n    /* \u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\n    postOrder() {\n        const res = [];\n        this.#dfs(0, 'post', res);\n        return res;\n    }\n}\n
    array_binary_tree.ts
    /* \u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a\u4e0b\u7684\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7c7b */\nclass ArrayBinaryTree {\n    #tree: (number | null)[];\n\n    /* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\n    constructor(arr: (number | null)[]) {\n        this.#tree = arr;\n    }\n\n    /* \u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf */\n    size(): number {\n        return this.#tree.length;\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u503c */\n    val(i: number): number | null {\n        // \u82e5\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de null \uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u7a7a\u4f4d\n        if (i < 0 || i >= this.size()) return null;\n        return this.#tree[i];\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\n    left(i: number): number {\n        return 2 * i + 1;\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\n    right(i: number): number {\n        return 2 * i + 2;\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\n    parent(i: number): number {\n        return Math.floor((i - 1) / 2); // \u5411\u4e0b\u6574\u9664\n    }\n\n    /* \u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\n    levelOrder(): number[] {\n        let res = [];\n        // \u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\n        for (let i = 0; i < this.size(); i++) {\n            if (this.val(i) !== null) res.push(this.val(i));\n        }\n        return res;\n    }\n\n    /* \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 */\n    #dfs(i: number, order: Order, res: (number | null)[]): void {\n        // \u82e5\u4e3a\u7a7a\u4f4d\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\n        if (this.val(i) === null) return;\n        // \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\n        if (order === 'pre') res.push(this.val(i));\n        this.#dfs(this.left(i), order, res);\n        // \u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\n        if (order === 'in') res.push(this.val(i));\n        this.#dfs(this.right(i), order, res);\n        // \u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\n        if (order === 'post') res.push(this.val(i));\n    }\n\n    /* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\n    preOrder(): (number | null)[] {\n        const res = [];\n        this.#dfs(0, 'pre', res);\n        return res;\n    }\n\n    /* \u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\n    inOrder(): (number | null)[] {\n        const res = [];\n        this.#dfs(0, 'in', res);\n        return res;\n    }\n\n    /* \u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\n    postOrder(): (number | null)[] {\n        const res = [];\n        this.#dfs(0, 'post', res);\n        return res;\n    }\n}\n
    array_binary_tree.dart
    /* \u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a\u4e0b\u7684\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7c7b */\nclass ArrayBinaryTree {\n  late List<int?> _tree;\n\n  /* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\n  ArrayBinaryTree(this._tree);\n\n  /* \u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf */\n  int size() {\n    return _tree.length;\n  }\n\n  /* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u503c */\n  int? val(int i) {\n    // \u82e5\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de null \uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u7a7a\u4f4d\n    if (i < 0 || i >= size()) {\n      return null;\n    }\n    return _tree[i];\n  }\n\n  /* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\n  int? left(int i) {\n    return 2 * i + 1;\n  }\n\n  /* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\n  int? right(int i) {\n    return 2 * i + 2;\n  }\n\n  /* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\n  int? parent(int i) {\n    return (i - 1) ~/ 2;\n  }\n\n  /* \u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\n  List<int> levelOrder() {\n    List<int> res = [];\n    for (int i = 0; i < size(); i++) {\n      if (val(i) != null) {\n        res.add(val(i)!);\n      }\n    }\n    return res;\n  }\n\n  /* \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 */\n  void dfs(int i, String order, List<int?> res) {\n    // \u82e5\u4e3a\u7a7a\u4f4d\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\n    if (val(i) == null) {\n      return;\n    }\n    // \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\n    if (order == 'pre') {\n      res.add(val(i));\n    }\n    dfs(left(i)!, order, res);\n    // \u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\n    if (order == 'in') {\n      res.add(val(i));\n    }\n    dfs(right(i)!, order, res);\n    // \u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\n    if (order == 'post') {\n      res.add(val(i));\n    }\n  }\n\n  /* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\n  List<int?> preOrder() {\n    List<int?> res = [];\n    dfs(0, 'pre', res);\n    return res;\n  }\n\n  /* \u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\n  List<int?> inOrder() {\n    List<int?> res = [];\n    dfs(0, 'in', res);\n    return res;\n  }\n\n  /* \u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\n  List<int?> postOrder() {\n    List<int?> res = [];\n    dfs(0, 'post', res);\n    return res;\n  }\n}\n
    array_binary_tree.rs
    /* \u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a\u4e0b\u7684\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7c7b */\nstruct ArrayBinaryTree {\n    tree: Vec<Option<i32>>,\n}\n\nimpl ArrayBinaryTree {\n    /* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\n    fn new(arr: Vec<Option<i32>>) -> Self {\n        Self { tree: arr }\n    }\n\n    /* \u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf */\n    fn size(&self) -> i32 {\n        self.tree.len() as i32\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u503c */\n    fn val(&self, i: i32) -> Option<i32> {\n        // \u82e5\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de None \uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u7a7a\u4f4d\n        if i < 0 || i >= self.size() {\n            None\n        } else {\n            self.tree[i as usize]\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\n    fn left(&self, i: i32) -> i32 {\n        2 * i + 1\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\n    fn right(&self, i: i32) -> i32 {\n        2 * i + 2\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\n    fn parent(&self, i: i32) -> i32 {\n        (i - 1) / 2\n    }\n\n    /* \u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\n    fn level_order(&self) -> Vec<i32> {\n        let mut res = vec![];\n        // \u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\n        for i in 0..self.size() {\n            if let Some(val) = self.val(i) {\n                res.push(val)\n            }\n        }\n        res\n    }\n\n    /* \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 */\n    fn dfs(&self, i: i32, order: &str, res: &mut Vec<i32>) {\n        if self.val(i).is_none() {\n            return;\n        }\n        let val = self.val(i).unwrap();\n        // \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\n        if order == \"pre\" {\n            res.push(val);\n        }\n        self.dfs(self.left(i), order, res);\n        // \u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\n        if order == \"in\" {\n            res.push(val);\n        }\n        self.dfs(self.right(i), order, res);\n        // \u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\n        if order == \"post\" {\n            res.push(val);\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\n    fn pre_order(&self) -> Vec<i32> {\n        let mut res = vec![];\n        self.dfs(0, \"pre\", &mut res);\n        res\n    }\n\n    /* \u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\n    fn in_order(&self) -> Vec<i32> {\n        let mut res = vec![];\n        self.dfs(0, \"in\", &mut res);\n        res\n    }\n\n    /* \u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\n    fn post_order(&self) -> Vec<i32> {\n        let mut res = vec![];\n        self.dfs(0, \"post\", &mut res);\n        res\n    }\n}\n
    array_binary_tree.c
    /* \u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a\u4e0b\u7684\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53 */\ntypedef struct {\n    int *tree;\n    int size;\n} ArrayBinaryTree;\n\n/* \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570 */\nArrayBinaryTree *newArrayBinaryTree(int *arr, int arrSize) {\n    ArrayBinaryTree *abt = (ArrayBinaryTree *)malloc(sizeof(ArrayBinaryTree));\n    abt->tree = malloc(sizeof(int) * arrSize);\n    memcpy(abt->tree, arr, sizeof(int) * arrSize);\n    abt->size = arrSize;\n    return abt;\n}\n\n/* \u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570 */\nvoid delArrayBinaryTree(ArrayBinaryTree *abt) {\n    free(abt->tree);\n    free(abt);\n}\n\n/* \u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf */\nint size(ArrayBinaryTree *abt) {\n    return abt->size;\n}\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u503c */\nint val(ArrayBinaryTree *abt, int i) {\n    // \u82e5\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de INT_MAX \uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u7a7a\u4f4d\n    if (i < 0 || i >= size(abt))\n        return INT_MAX;\n    return abt->tree[i];\n}\n\n/* \u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nint *levelOrder(ArrayBinaryTree *abt, int *returnSize) {\n    int *res = (int *)malloc(sizeof(int) * size(abt));\n    int index = 0;\n    // \u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\n    for (int i = 0; i < size(abt); i++) {\n        if (val(abt, i) != INT_MAX)\n            res[index++] = val(abt, i);\n    }\n    *returnSize = index;\n    return res;\n}\n\n/* \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 */\nvoid dfs(ArrayBinaryTree *abt, int i, char *order, int *res, int *index) {\n    // \u82e5\u4e3a\u7a7a\u4f4d\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\n    if (val(abt, i) == INT_MAX)\n        return;\n    // \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\n    if (strcmp(order, \"pre\") == 0)\n        res[(*index)++] = val(abt, i);\n    dfs(abt, left(i), order, res, index);\n    // \u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\n    if (strcmp(order, \"in\") == 0)\n        res[(*index)++] = val(abt, i);\n    dfs(abt, right(i), order, res, index);\n    // \u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\n    if (strcmp(order, \"post\") == 0)\n        res[(*index)++] = val(abt, i);\n}\n\n/* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nint *preOrder(ArrayBinaryTree *abt, int *returnSize) {\n    int *res = (int *)malloc(sizeof(int) * size(abt));\n    int index = 0;\n    dfs(abt, 0, \"pre\", res, &index);\n    *returnSize = index;\n    return res;\n}\n\n/* \u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nint *inOrder(ArrayBinaryTree *abt, int *returnSize) {\n    int *res = (int *)malloc(sizeof(int) * size(abt));\n    int index = 0;\n    dfs(abt, 0, \"in\", res, &index);\n    *returnSize = index;\n    return res;\n}\n\n/* \u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nint *postOrder(ArrayBinaryTree *abt, int *returnSize) {\n    int *res = (int *)malloc(sizeof(int) * size(abt));\n    int index = 0;\n    dfs(abt, 0, \"post\", res, &index);\n    *returnSize = index;\n    return res;\n}\n
    array_binary_tree.zig
    [class]{ArrayBinaryTree}-[func]{}\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_tree/array_representation_of_tree/#733","title":"7.3.3 \u00a0 \u4f18\u70b9\u4e0e\u5c40\u9650\u6027","text":"

    \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4f18\u70b9\u3002

    • \u6570\u7ec4\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\uff0c\u5bf9\u7f13\u5b58\u53cb\u597d\uff0c\u8bbf\u95ee\u4e0e\u904d\u5386\u901f\u5ea6\u8f83\u5feb\u3002
    • \u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5b58\u50a8\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f83\u8282\u7701\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002
    • \u5141\u8bb8\u968f\u673a\u8bbf\u95ee\u8282\u70b9\u3002

    \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u5c40\u9650\u6027\u3002

    • \u6570\u7ec4\u5b58\u50a8\u9700\u8981\u8fde\u7eed\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u9002\u5408\u5b58\u50a8\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u8fc7\u5927\u7684\u6811\u3002
    • \u589e\u5220\u8282\u70b9\u9700\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u63d2\u5165\u4e0e\u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u6548\u7387\u8f83\u4f4e\u3002
    • \u5f53\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u5927\u91cf None \u65f6\uff0c\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u636e\u6bd4\u91cd\u8f83\u4f4e\uff0c\u7a7a\u95f4\u5229\u7528\u7387\u8f83\u4f4e\u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_tree/avl_tree/","title":"7.5 \u00a0 AVL \u6811 *","text":"

    \u5728\u201c\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u201d\u7ae0\u8282\u4e2d\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u5230\uff0c\u5728\u591a\u6b21\u63d2\u5165\u548c\u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c\u540e\uff0c\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u53ef\u80fd\u9000\u5316\u4e3a\u94fe\u8868\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5c06\u4ece \\(O(\\log n)\\) \u52a3\u5316\u4e3a \\(O(n)\\) \u3002

    \u5982\u56fe 7-24 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e24\u6b21\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u8fd9\u68f5\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u4fbf\u4f1a\u9000\u5316\u4e3a\u94fe\u8868\u3002

    \u56fe 7-24 \u00a0 AVL \u6811\u5728\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u53d1\u751f\u9000\u5316

    \u518d\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u56fe 7-25 \u6240\u793a\u7684\u5b8c\u7f8e\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u4e2d\u63d2\u5165\u4e24\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u540e\uff0c\u6811\u5c06\u4e25\u91cd\u5411\u5de6\u503e\u659c\uff0c\u67e5\u627e\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e5f\u968f\u4e4b\u52a3\u5316\u3002

    \u56fe 7-25 \u00a0 AVL \u6811\u5728\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u53d1\u751f\u9000\u5316

    1962 \u5e74 G. M. Adelson-Velsky \u548c E. M. Landis \u5728\u8bba\u6587\u201cAn algorithm for the organization of information\u201d\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u300cAVL \u6811\u300d\u3002\u8bba\u6587\u4e2d\u8be6\u7ec6\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u5728\u6301\u7eed\u6dfb\u52a0\u548c\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u540e\uff0cAVL \u6811\u4e0d\u4f1a\u9000\u5316\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5404\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4fdd\u6301\u5728 \\(O(\\log n)\\) \u7ea7\u522b\u3002\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u9700\u8981\u9891\u7e41\u8fdb\u884c\u589e\u5220\u67e5\u6539\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\uff0cAVL \u6811\u80fd\u59cb\u7ec8\u4fdd\u6301\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u6570\u636e\u64cd\u4f5c\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u4ef7\u503c\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_tree/avl_tree/#751-avl","title":"7.5.1 \u00a0 AVL \u6811\u5e38\u89c1\u672f\u8bed","text":"

    AVL \u6811\u65e2\u662f\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u4e5f\u662f\u5e73\u8861\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u6ee1\u8db3\u8fd9\u4e24\u7c7b\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e5f\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u300c\u5e73\u8861\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811 balanced binary search tree\u300d\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_tree/avl_tree/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6","text":"

    \u7531\u4e8e AVL \u6811\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u64cd\u4f5c\u9700\u8981\u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u4e3a\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b\u6dfb\u52a0 height \u53d8\u91cf\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig 
    class TreeNode:\n    \"\"\"AVL \u6811\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b\"\"\"\n    def __init__(self, val: int):\n        self.val: int = val                 # \u8282\u70b9\u503c\n        self.height: int = 0                # \u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n        self.left: TreeNode | None = None   # \u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528\n        self.right: TreeNode | None = None  # \u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528\n
    /* AVL \u6811\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b */\nstruct TreeNode {\n    int val{};          // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\n    int height = 0;     // \u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n    TreeNode *left{};   // \u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\n    TreeNode *right{};  // \u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\n    TreeNode() = default;\n    explicit TreeNode(int x) : val(x){}\n};\n
    /* AVL \u6811\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b */\nclass TreeNode {\n    public int val;        // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\n    public int height;     // \u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n    public TreeNode left;  // \u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\n    public TreeNode right; // \u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\n    public TreeNode(int x) { val = x; }\n}\n
    /* AVL \u6811\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b */\nclass TreeNode(int? x) {\n    public int? val = x;    // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\n    public int height;      // \u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n    public TreeNode? left;  // \u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528\n    public TreeNode? right; // \u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528\n}\n
    /* AVL \u6811\u8282\u70b9\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53 */\ntype TreeNode struct {\n    Val    int       // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\n    Height int       // \u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n    Left   *TreeNode // \u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528\n    Right  *TreeNode // \u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528\n}\n
    /* AVL \u6811\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b */\nclass TreeNode {\n    var val: Int // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\n    var height: Int // \u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n    var left: TreeNode? // \u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\n    var right: TreeNode? // \u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\n\n    init(x: Int) {\n        val = x\n        height = 0\n    }\n}\n
    /* AVL \u6811\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b */\nclass TreeNode {\n    val; // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\n    height; //\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n    left; // \u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6307\u9488\n    right; // \u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6307\u9488\n    constructor(val, left, right, height) {\n        this.val = val === undefined ? 0 : val;\n        this.height = height === undefined ? 0 : height;\n        this.left = left === undefined ? null : left;\n        this.right = right === undefined ? null : right;\n    }\n}\n
    /* AVL \u6811\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b */\nclass TreeNode {\n    val: number;            // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\n    height: number;         // \u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n    left: TreeNode | null;  // \u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6307\u9488\n    right: TreeNode | null; // \u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6307\u9488\n    constructor(val?: number, height?: number, left?: TreeNode | null, right?: TreeNode | null) {\n        this.val = val === undefined ? 0 : val;\n        this.height = height === undefined ? 0 : height; \n        this.left = left === undefined ? null : left; \n        this.right = right === undefined ? null : right; \n    }\n}\n
    /* AVL \u6811\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b */\nclass TreeNode {\n  int val;         // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\n  int height;      // \u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n  TreeNode? left;  // \u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\n  TreeNode? right; // \u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\n  TreeNode(this.val, [this.height = 0, this.left, this.right]);\n}\n
    use std::rc::Rc;\nuse std::cell::RefCell;\n\n/* AVL \u6811\u8282\u70b9\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53 */\nstruct TreeNode {\n    val: i32,                               // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\n    height: i32,                            // \u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n    left: Option<Rc<RefCell<TreeNode>>>,    // \u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\n    right: Option<Rc<RefCell<TreeNode>>>,   // \u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\n}\n\nimpl TreeNode {\n    /* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\n    fn new(val: i32) -> Rc<RefCell<Self>> {\n        Rc::new(RefCell::new(Self {\n            val,\n            height: 0,\n            left: None,\n            right: None\n        }))\n    }\n}\n
    /* AVL \u6811\u8282\u70b9\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53 */\nTreeNode struct TreeNode {\n    int val;\n    int height;\n    struct TreeNode *left;\n    struct TreeNode *right;\n} TreeNode;\n\n/* \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570 */\nTreeNode *newTreeNode(int val) {\n    TreeNode *node;\n\n    node = (TreeNode *)malloc(sizeof(TreeNode));\n    node->val = val;\n    node->height = 0;\n    node->left = NULL;\n    node->right = NULL;\n    return node;\n}\n
    \n

    \u201c\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u201d\u662f\u6307\u4ece\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u5230\u5b83\u7684\u6700\u8fdc\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\uff0c\u5373\u6240\u7ecf\u8fc7\u7684\u201c\u8fb9\u201d\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u3002\u9700\u8981\u7279\u522b\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(0\\) \uff0c\u800c\u7a7a\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(-1\\) \u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u521b\u5efa\u4e24\u4e2a\u5de5\u5177\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u7528\u4e8e\u83b7\u53d6\u548c\u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig avl_tree.py
    def height(self, node: TreeNode | None) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\"\"\"\n    # \u7a7a\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a -1 \uff0c\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a 0\n    if node is not None:\n        return node.height\n    return -1\n\ndef update_height(self, node: TreeNode | None):\n    \"\"\"\u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\"\"\"\n    # \u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u6700\u9ad8\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6 + 1\n    node.height = max([self.height(node.left), self.height(node.right)]) + 1\n
    avl_tree.cpp
    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6 */\nint height(TreeNode *node) {\n    // \u7a7a\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a -1 \uff0c\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a 0\n    return node == nullptr ? -1 : node->height;\n}\n\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6 */\nvoid updateHeight(TreeNode *node) {\n    // \u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u6700\u9ad8\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6 + 1\n    node->height = max(height(node->left), height(node->right)) + 1;\n}\n
    avl_tree.java
    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6 */\nint height(TreeNode node) {\n    // \u7a7a\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a -1 \uff0c\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a 0\n    return node == null ? -1 : node.height;\n}\n\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6 */\nvoid updateHeight(TreeNode node) {\n    // \u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u6700\u9ad8\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6 + 1\n    node.height = Math.max(height(node.left), height(node.right)) + 1;\n}\n
    avl_tree.cs
    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6 */\nint Height(TreeNode? node) {\n    // \u7a7a\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a -1 \uff0c\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a 0\n    return node == null ? -1 : node.height;\n}\n\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6 */\nvoid UpdateHeight(TreeNode node) {\n    // \u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u6700\u9ad8\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6 + 1\n    node.height = Math.Max(Height(node.left), Height(node.right)) + 1;\n}\n
    avl_tree.go
    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6 */\nfunc (t *aVLTree) height(node *TreeNode) int {\n    // \u7a7a\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a -1 \uff0c\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a 0\n    if node != nil {\n        return node.Height\n    }\n    return -1\n}\n\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6 */\nfunc (t *aVLTree) updateHeight(node *TreeNode) {\n    lh := t.height(node.Left)\n    rh := t.height(node.Right)\n    // \u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u6700\u9ad8\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6 + 1\n    if lh > rh {\n        node.Height = lh + 1\n    } else {\n        node.Height = rh + 1\n    }\n}\n
    avl_tree.swift
    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6 */\nfunc height(node: TreeNode?) -> Int {\n    // \u7a7a\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a -1 \uff0c\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a 0\n    node == nil ? -1 : node!.height\n}\n\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6 */\nfunc updateHeight(node: TreeNode?) {\n    // \u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u6700\u9ad8\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6 + 1\n    node?.height = max(height(node: node?.left), height(node: node?.right)) + 1\n}\n
    avl_tree.js
    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6 */\nheight(node) {\n    // \u7a7a\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a -1 \uff0c\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a 0\n    return node === null ? -1 : node.height;\n}\n\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6 */\n#updateHeight(node) {\n    // \u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u6700\u9ad8\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6 + 1\n    node.height =\n        Math.max(this.height(node.left), this.height(node.right)) + 1;\n}\n
    avl_tree.ts
    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6 */\nheight(node: TreeNode): number {\n    // \u7a7a\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a -1 \uff0c\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a 0\n    return node === null ? -1 : node.height;\n}\n\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6 */\nupdateHeight(node: TreeNode): void {\n    // \u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u6700\u9ad8\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6 + 1\n    node.height =\n        Math.max(this.height(node.left), this.height(node.right)) + 1;\n}\n
    avl_tree.dart
    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6 */\nint height(TreeNode? node) {\n  // \u7a7a\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a -1 \uff0c\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a 0\n  return node == null ? -1 : node.height;\n}\n\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6 */\nvoid updateHeight(TreeNode? node) {\n  // \u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u6700\u9ad8\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6 + 1\n  node!.height = max(height(node.left), height(node.right)) + 1;\n}\n
    avl_tree.rs
    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6 */\nfn height(node: OptionTreeNodeRc) -> i32 {\n    // \u7a7a\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a -1 \uff0c\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a 0\n    match node {\n        Some(node) => node.borrow().height,\n        None => -1,\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6 */\nfn update_height(node: OptionTreeNodeRc) {\n    if let Some(node) = node {\n        let left = node.borrow().left.clone();\n        let right = node.borrow().right.clone();\n        // \u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u6700\u9ad8\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6 + 1\n        node.borrow_mut().height = std::cmp::max(Self::height(left), Self::height(right)) + 1;\n    }\n}\n
    avl_tree.c
    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6 */\nint height(TreeNode *node) {\n    // \u7a7a\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a -1 \uff0c\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a 0\n    if (node != NULL) {\n        return node->height;\n    }\n    return -1;\n}\n\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6 */\nvoid updateHeight(TreeNode *node) {\n    int lh = height(node->left);\n    int rh = height(node->right);\n    // \u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u6700\u9ad8\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6 + 1\n    if (lh > rh) {\n        node->height = lh + 1;\n    } else {\n        node->height = rh + 1;\n    }\n}\n
    avl_tree.zig
    // \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\nfn height(self: *Self, node: ?*inc.TreeNode(T)) i32 {\n    _ = self;\n    // \u7a7a\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a -1 \uff0c\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a 0\n    return if (node == null) -1 else node.?.height;\n}\n\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\nfn updateHeight(self: *Self, node: ?*inc.TreeNode(T)) void {\n    // \u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u6700\u9ad8\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6 + 1\n    node.?.height = @max(self.height(node.?.left), self.height(node.?.right)) + 1;\n}\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_tree/avl_tree/#2","title":"2. \u00a0 \u8282\u70b9\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50","text":"

    \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u300c\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50 balance factor\u300d\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u8282\u70b9\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u51cf\u53bb\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u89c4\u5b9a\u7a7a\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50\u4e3a \\(0\\) \u3002\u6211\u4eec\u540c\u6837\u5c06\u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u5c01\u88c5\u6210\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u65b9\u4fbf\u540e\u7eed\u4f7f\u7528\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig avl_tree.py
    def balance_factor(self, node: TreeNode | None) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u83b7\u53d6\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50\"\"\"\n    # \u7a7a\u8282\u70b9\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50\u4e3a 0\n    if node is None:\n        return 0\n    # \u8282\u70b9\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50 = \u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6 - \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6\n    return self.height(node.left) - self.height(node.right)\n
    avl_tree.cpp
    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50 */\nint balanceFactor(TreeNode *node) {\n    // \u7a7a\u8282\u70b9\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50\u4e3a 0\n    if (node == nullptr)\n        return 0;\n    // \u8282\u70b9\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50 = \u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6 - \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6\n    return height(node->left) - height(node->right);\n}\n
    avl_tree.java
    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50 */\nint balanceFactor(TreeNode node) {\n    // \u7a7a\u8282\u70b9\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50\u4e3a 0\n    if (node == null)\n        return 0;\n    // \u8282\u70b9\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50 = \u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6 - \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6\n    return height(node.left) - height(node.right);\n}\n
    avl_tree.cs
    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50 */\nint BalanceFactor(TreeNode? node) {\n    // \u7a7a\u8282\u70b9\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50\u4e3a 0\n    if (node == null) return 0;\n    // \u8282\u70b9\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50 = \u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6 - \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6\n    return Height(node.left) - Height(node.right);\n}\n
    avl_tree.go
    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50 */\nfunc (t *aVLTree) balanceFactor(node *TreeNode) int {\n    // \u7a7a\u8282\u70b9\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50\u4e3a 0\n    if node == nil {\n        return 0\n    }\n    // \u8282\u70b9\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50 = \u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6 - \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6\n    return t.height(node.Left) - t.height(node.Right)\n}\n
    avl_tree.swift
    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50 */\nfunc balanceFactor(node: TreeNode?) -> Int {\n    // \u7a7a\u8282\u70b9\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50\u4e3a 0\n    guard let node = node else { return 0 }\n    // \u8282\u70b9\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50 = \u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6 - \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6\n    return height(node: node.left) - height(node: node.right)\n}\n
    avl_tree.js
    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50 */\nbalanceFactor(node) {\n    // \u7a7a\u8282\u70b9\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50\u4e3a 0\n    if (node === null) return 0;\n    // \u8282\u70b9\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50 = \u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6 - \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6\n    return this.height(node.left) - this.height(node.right);\n}\n
    avl_tree.ts
    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50 */\nbalanceFactor(node: TreeNode): number {\n    // \u7a7a\u8282\u70b9\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50\u4e3a 0\n    if (node === null) return 0;\n    // \u8282\u70b9\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50 = \u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6 - \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6\n    return this.height(node.left) - this.height(node.right);\n}\n
    avl_tree.dart
    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50 */\nint balanceFactor(TreeNode? node) {\n  // \u7a7a\u8282\u70b9\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50\u4e3a 0\n  if (node == null) return 0;\n  // \u8282\u70b9\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50 = \u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6 - \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6\n  return height(node.left) - height(node.right);\n}\n
    avl_tree.rs
    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50 */\nfn balance_factor(node: OptionTreeNodeRc) -> i32 {\n    match node {\n        // \u7a7a\u8282\u70b9\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50\u4e3a 0\n        None => 0,\n        // \u8282\u70b9\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50 = \u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6 - \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6\n        Some(node) => {\n            Self::height(node.borrow().left.clone()) - Self::height(node.borrow().right.clone())\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    avl_tree.c
    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50 */\nint balanceFactor(TreeNode *node) {\n    // \u7a7a\u8282\u70b9\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50\u4e3a 0\n    if (node == NULL) {\n        return 0;\n    }\n    // \u8282\u70b9\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50 = \u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6 - \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6\n    return height(node->left) - height(node->right);\n}\n
    avl_tree.zig
    // \u83b7\u53d6\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50\nfn balanceFactor(self: *Self, node: ?*inc.TreeNode(T)) i32 {\n    // \u7a7a\u8282\u70b9\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50\u4e3a 0\n    if (node == null) return 0;\n    // \u8282\u70b9\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50 = \u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6 - \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6\n    return self.height(node.?.left) - self.height(node.?.right);\n}\n

    Note

    \u8bbe\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50\u4e3a \\(f\\) \uff0c\u5219\u4e00\u68f5 AVL \u6811\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50\u7686\u6ee1\u8db3 \\(-1 \\le f \\le 1\\) \u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_tree/avl_tree/#752-avl","title":"7.5.2 \u00a0 AVL \u6811\u65cb\u8f6c","text":"

    AVL \u6811\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u5728\u4e8e\u201c\u65cb\u8f6c\u201d\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5b83\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u4e0d\u5f71\u54cd\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f7f\u5931\u8861\u8282\u70b9\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861\u3002\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\u65e2\u80fd\u4fdd\u6301\u201c\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u201d\u7684\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u4e5f\u80fd\u4f7f\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u53d8\u4e3a\u201c\u5e73\u8861\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u201d\u3002

    \u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50\u7edd\u5bf9\u503c \\(> 1\\) \u7684\u8282\u70b9\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u5931\u8861\u8282\u70b9\u201d\u3002\u6839\u636e\u8282\u70b9\u5931\u8861\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\u5206\u4e3a\u56db\u79cd\uff1a\u53f3\u65cb\u3001\u5de6\u65cb\u3001\u5148\u53f3\u65cb\u540e\u5de6\u65cb\u3001\u5148\u5de6\u65cb\u540e\u53f3\u65cb\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_tree/avl_tree/#1_1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u53f3\u65cb","text":"

    \u5982\u56fe 7-26 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u8282\u70b9\u4e0b\u65b9\u4e3a\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50\u3002\u4ece\u5e95\u81f3\u9876\u770b\uff0c\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u4e2d\u9996\u4e2a\u5931\u8861\u8282\u70b9\u662f\u201c\u8282\u70b9 3\u201d\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5173\u6ce8\u4ee5\u8be5\u5931\u8861\u8282\u70b9\u4e3a\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5b50\u6811\uff0c\u5c06\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u8bb0\u4e3a node \uff0c\u5176\u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u8bb0\u4e3a child \uff0c\u6267\u884c\u201c\u53f3\u65cb\u201d\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u5b8c\u6210\u53f3\u65cb\u540e\uff0c\u5b50\u6811\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4ecd\u7136\u4fdd\u6301\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u3002

    <1><2><3><4>

    \u56fe 7-26 \u00a0 \u53f3\u65cb\u64cd\u4f5c\u6b65\u9aa4

    \u5982\u56fe 7-27 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5f53\u8282\u70b9 child \u6709\u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u8bb0\u4e3a grand_child \uff09\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5728\u53f3\u65cb\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u6b65\uff1a\u5c06 grand_child \u4f5c\u4e3a node \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u3002

    \u56fe 7-27 \u00a0 \u6709 grand_child \u7684\u53f3\u65cb\u64cd\u4f5c

    \u201c\u5411\u53f3\u65cb\u8f6c\u201d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5f62\u8c61\u5316\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u9700\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u4fee\u6539\u8282\u70b9\u6307\u9488\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig avl_tree.py
    def right_rotate(self, node: TreeNode | None) -> TreeNode | None:\n    \"\"\"\u53f3\u65cb\u64cd\u4f5c\"\"\"\n    child = node.left\n    grand_child = child.right\n    # \u4ee5 child \u4e3a\u539f\u70b9\uff0c\u5c06 node \u5411\u53f3\u65cb\u8f6c\n    child.right = node\n    node.left = grand_child\n    # \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n    self.update_height(node)\n    self.update_height(child)\n    # \u8fd4\u56de\u65cb\u8f6c\u540e\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    return child\n
    avl_tree.cpp
    /* \u53f3\u65cb\u64cd\u4f5c */\nTreeNode *rightRotate(TreeNode *node) {\n    TreeNode *child = node->left;\n    TreeNode *grandChild = child->right;\n    // \u4ee5 child \u4e3a\u539f\u70b9\uff0c\u5c06 node \u5411\u53f3\u65cb\u8f6c\n    child->right = node;\n    node->left = grandChild;\n    // \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n    updateHeight(node);\n    updateHeight(child);\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u65cb\u8f6c\u540e\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    return child;\n}\n
    avl_tree.java
    /* \u53f3\u65cb\u64cd\u4f5c */\nTreeNode rightRotate(TreeNode node) {\n    TreeNode child = node.left;\n    TreeNode grandChild = child.right;\n    // \u4ee5 child \u4e3a\u539f\u70b9\uff0c\u5c06 node \u5411\u53f3\u65cb\u8f6c\n    child.right = node;\n    node.left = grandChild;\n    // \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n    updateHeight(node);\n    updateHeight(child);\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u65cb\u8f6c\u540e\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    return child;\n}\n
    avl_tree.cs
    /* \u53f3\u65cb\u64cd\u4f5c */\nTreeNode? RightRotate(TreeNode? node) {\n    TreeNode? child = node?.left;\n    TreeNode? grandChild = child?.right;\n    // \u4ee5 child \u4e3a\u539f\u70b9\uff0c\u5c06 node \u5411\u53f3\u65cb\u8f6c\n    child.right = node;\n    node.left = grandChild;\n    // \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n    UpdateHeight(node);\n    UpdateHeight(child);\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u65cb\u8f6c\u540e\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    return child;\n}\n
    avl_tree.go
    /* \u53f3\u65cb\u64cd\u4f5c */\nfunc (t *aVLTree) rightRotate(node *TreeNode) *TreeNode {\n    child := node.Left\n    grandChild := child.Right\n    // \u4ee5 child \u4e3a\u539f\u70b9\uff0c\u5c06 node \u5411\u53f3\u65cb\u8f6c\n    child.Right = node\n    node.Left = grandChild\n    // \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n    t.updateHeight(node)\n    t.updateHeight(child)\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u65cb\u8f6c\u540e\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    return child\n}\n
    avl_tree.swift
    /* \u53f3\u65cb\u64cd\u4f5c */\nfunc rightRotate(node: TreeNode?) -> TreeNode? {\n    let child = node?.left\n    let grandChild = child?.right\n    // \u4ee5 child \u4e3a\u539f\u70b9\uff0c\u5c06 node \u5411\u53f3\u65cb\u8f6c\n    child?.right = node\n    node?.left = grandChild\n    // \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n    updateHeight(node: node)\n    updateHeight(node: child)\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u65cb\u8f6c\u540e\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    return child\n}\n
    avl_tree.js
    /* \u53f3\u65cb\u64cd\u4f5c */\n#rightRotate(node) {\n    const child = node.left;\n    const grandChild = child.right;\n    // \u4ee5 child \u4e3a\u539f\u70b9\uff0c\u5c06 node \u5411\u53f3\u65cb\u8f6c\n    child.right = node;\n    node.left = grandChild;\n    // \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n    this.#updateHeight(node);\n    this.#updateHeight(child);\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u65cb\u8f6c\u540e\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    return child;\n}\n
    avl_tree.ts
    /* \u53f3\u65cb\u64cd\u4f5c */\nrightRotate(node: TreeNode): TreeNode {\n    const child = node.left;\n    const grandChild = child.right;\n    // \u4ee5 child \u4e3a\u539f\u70b9\uff0c\u5c06 node \u5411\u53f3\u65cb\u8f6c\n    child.right = node;\n    node.left = grandChild;\n    // \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n    this.updateHeight(node);\n    this.updateHeight(child);\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u65cb\u8f6c\u540e\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    return child;\n}\n
    avl_tree.dart
    /* \u53f3\u65cb\u64cd\u4f5c */\nTreeNode? rightRotate(TreeNode? node) {\n  TreeNode? child = node!.left;\n  TreeNode? grandChild = child!.right;\n  // \u4ee5 child \u4e3a\u539f\u70b9\uff0c\u5c06 node \u5411\u53f3\u65cb\u8f6c\n  child.right = node;\n  node.left = grandChild;\n  // \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n  updateHeight(node);\n  updateHeight(child);\n  // \u8fd4\u56de\u65cb\u8f6c\u540e\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n  return child;\n}\n
    avl_tree.rs
    /* \u53f3\u65cb\u64cd\u4f5c */\nfn right_rotate(node: OptionTreeNodeRc) -> OptionTreeNodeRc {\n    match node {\n        Some(node) => {\n            let child = node.borrow().left.clone().unwrap();\n            let grand_child = child.borrow().right.clone();\n            // \u4ee5 child \u4e3a\u539f\u70b9\uff0c\u5c06 node \u5411\u53f3\u65cb\u8f6c\n            child.borrow_mut().right = Some(node.clone());\n            node.borrow_mut().left = grand_child;\n            // \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n            Self::update_height(Some(node));\n            Self::update_height(Some(child.clone()));\n            // \u8fd4\u56de\u65cb\u8f6c\u540e\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n            Some(child)\n        }\n        None => None,\n    }\n}\n
    avl_tree.c
    /* \u53f3\u65cb\u64cd\u4f5c */\nTreeNode *rightRotate(TreeNode *node) {\n    TreeNode *child, *grandChild;\n    child = node->left;\n    grandChild = child->right;\n    // \u4ee5 child \u4e3a\u539f\u70b9\uff0c\u5c06 node \u5411\u53f3\u65cb\u8f6c\n    child->right = node;\n    node->left = grandChild;\n    // \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n    updateHeight(node);\n    updateHeight(child);\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u65cb\u8f6c\u540e\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    return child;\n}\n
    avl_tree.zig
    // \u53f3\u65cb\u64cd\u4f5c\nfn rightRotate(self: *Self, node: ?*inc.TreeNode(T)) ?*inc.TreeNode(T) {\n    var child = node.?.left;\n    var grandChild = child.?.right;\n    // \u4ee5 child \u4e3a\u539f\u70b9\uff0c\u5c06 node \u5411\u53f3\u65cb\u8f6c\n    child.?.right = node;\n    node.?.left = grandChild;\n    // \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n    self.updateHeight(node);\n    self.updateHeight(child);\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u65cb\u8f6c\u540e\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    return child;\n}\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_tree/avl_tree/#2_1","title":"2. \u00a0 \u5de6\u65cb","text":"

    \u76f8\u5e94\u5730\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8003\u8651\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5931\u8861\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u201c\u955c\u50cf\u201d\uff0c\u5219\u9700\u8981\u6267\u884c\u56fe 7-28 \u6240\u793a\u7684\u201c\u5de6\u65cb\u201d\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002

    \u56fe 7-28 \u00a0 \u5de6\u65cb\u64cd\u4f5c

    \u540c\u7406\uff0c\u5982\u56fe 7-29 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5f53\u8282\u70b9 child \u6709\u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u8bb0\u4e3a grand_child \uff09\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5728\u5de6\u65cb\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u6b65\uff1a\u5c06 grand_child \u4f5c\u4e3a node \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u3002

    \u56fe 7-29 \u00a0 \u6709 grand_child \u7684\u5de6\u65cb\u64cd\u4f5c

    \u53ef\u4ee5\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\uff0c\u53f3\u65cb\u548c\u5de6\u65cb\u64cd\u4f5c\u5728\u903b\u8f91\u4e0a\u662f\u955c\u50cf\u5bf9\u79f0\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5206\u522b\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u4e24\u79cd\u5931\u8861\u60c5\u51b5\u4e5f\u662f\u5bf9\u79f0\u7684\u3002\u57fa\u4e8e\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u9700\u5c06\u53f3\u65cb\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u7684 left \u66ff\u6362\u4e3a right \uff0c\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u7684 right \u66ff\u6362\u4e3a left \uff0c\u5373\u53ef\u5f97\u5230\u5de6\u65cb\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig avl_tree.py
    def left_rotate(self, node: TreeNode | None) -> TreeNode | None:\n    \"\"\"\u5de6\u65cb\u64cd\u4f5c\"\"\"\n    child = node.right\n    grand_child = child.left\n    # \u4ee5 child \u4e3a\u539f\u70b9\uff0c\u5c06 node \u5411\u5de6\u65cb\u8f6c\n    child.left = node\n    node.right = grand_child\n    # \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n    self.update_height(node)\n    self.update_height(child)\n    # \u8fd4\u56de\u65cb\u8f6c\u540e\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    return child\n
    avl_tree.cpp
    /* \u5de6\u65cb\u64cd\u4f5c */\nTreeNode *leftRotate(TreeNode *node) {\n    TreeNode *child = node->right;\n    TreeNode *grandChild = child->left;\n    // \u4ee5 child \u4e3a\u539f\u70b9\uff0c\u5c06 node \u5411\u5de6\u65cb\u8f6c\n    child->left = node;\n    node->right = grandChild;\n    // \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n    updateHeight(node);\n    updateHeight(child);\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u65cb\u8f6c\u540e\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    return child;\n}\n
    avl_tree.java
    /* \u5de6\u65cb\u64cd\u4f5c */\nTreeNode leftRotate(TreeNode node) {\n    TreeNode child = node.right;\n    TreeNode grandChild = child.left;\n    // \u4ee5 child \u4e3a\u539f\u70b9\uff0c\u5c06 node \u5411\u5de6\u65cb\u8f6c\n    child.left = node;\n    node.right = grandChild;\n    // \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n    updateHeight(node);\n    updateHeight(child);\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u65cb\u8f6c\u540e\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    return child;\n}\n
    avl_tree.cs
    /* \u5de6\u65cb\u64cd\u4f5c */\nTreeNode? LeftRotate(TreeNode? node) {\n    TreeNode? child = node?.right;\n    TreeNode? grandChild = child?.left;\n    // \u4ee5 child \u4e3a\u539f\u70b9\uff0c\u5c06 node \u5411\u5de6\u65cb\u8f6c\n    child.left = node;\n    node.right = grandChild;\n    // \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n    UpdateHeight(node);\n    UpdateHeight(child);\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u65cb\u8f6c\u540e\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    return child;\n}\n
    avl_tree.go
    /* \u5de6\u65cb\u64cd\u4f5c */\nfunc (t *aVLTree) leftRotate(node *TreeNode) *TreeNode {\n    child := node.Right\n    grandChild := child.Left\n    // \u4ee5 child \u4e3a\u539f\u70b9\uff0c\u5c06 node \u5411\u5de6\u65cb\u8f6c\n    child.Left = node\n    node.Right = grandChild\n    // \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n    t.updateHeight(node)\n    t.updateHeight(child)\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u65cb\u8f6c\u540e\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    return child\n}\n
    avl_tree.swift
    /* \u5de6\u65cb\u64cd\u4f5c */\nfunc leftRotate(node: TreeNode?) -> TreeNode? {\n    let child = node?.right\n    let grandChild = child?.left\n    // \u4ee5 child \u4e3a\u539f\u70b9\uff0c\u5c06 node \u5411\u5de6\u65cb\u8f6c\n    child?.left = node\n    node?.right = grandChild\n    // \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n    updateHeight(node: node)\n    updateHeight(node: child)\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u65cb\u8f6c\u540e\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    return child\n}\n
    avl_tree.js
    /* \u5de6\u65cb\u64cd\u4f5c */\n#leftRotate(node) {\n    const child = node.right;\n    const grandChild = child.left;\n    // \u4ee5 child \u4e3a\u539f\u70b9\uff0c\u5c06 node \u5411\u5de6\u65cb\u8f6c\n    child.left = node;\n    node.right = grandChild;\n    // \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n    this.#updateHeight(node);\n    this.#updateHeight(child);\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u65cb\u8f6c\u540e\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    return child;\n}\n
    avl_tree.ts
    /* \u5de6\u65cb\u64cd\u4f5c */\nleftRotate(node: TreeNode): TreeNode {\n    const child = node.right;\n    const grandChild = child.left;\n    // \u4ee5 child \u4e3a\u539f\u70b9\uff0c\u5c06 node \u5411\u5de6\u65cb\u8f6c\n    child.left = node;\n    node.right = grandChild;\n    // \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n    this.updateHeight(node);\n    this.updateHeight(child);\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u65cb\u8f6c\u540e\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    return child;\n}\n
    avl_tree.dart
    /* \u5de6\u65cb\u64cd\u4f5c */\nTreeNode? leftRotate(TreeNode? node) {\n  TreeNode? child = node!.right;\n  TreeNode? grandChild = child!.left;\n  // \u4ee5 child \u4e3a\u539f\u70b9\uff0c\u5c06 node \u5411\u5de6\u65cb\u8f6c\n  child.left = node;\n  node.right = grandChild;\n  // \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n  updateHeight(node);\n  updateHeight(child);\n  // \u8fd4\u56de\u65cb\u8f6c\u540e\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n  return child;\n}\n
    avl_tree.rs
    /* \u5de6\u65cb\u64cd\u4f5c */\nfn left_rotate(node: OptionTreeNodeRc) -> OptionTreeNodeRc {\n    match node {\n        Some(node) => {\n            let child = node.borrow().right.clone().unwrap();\n            let grand_child = child.borrow().left.clone();\n            // \u4ee5 child \u4e3a\u539f\u70b9\uff0c\u5c06 node \u5411\u5de6\u65cb\u8f6c\n            child.borrow_mut().left = Some(node.clone());\n            node.borrow_mut().right = grand_child;\n            // \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n            Self::update_height(Some(node));\n            Self::update_height(Some(child.clone()));\n            // \u8fd4\u56de\u65cb\u8f6c\u540e\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n            Some(child)\n        }\n        None => None,\n    }\n}\n
    avl_tree.c
    /* \u5de6\u65cb\u64cd\u4f5c */\nTreeNode *leftRotate(TreeNode *node) {\n    TreeNode *child, *grandChild;\n    child = node->right;\n    grandChild = child->left;\n    // \u4ee5 child \u4e3a\u539f\u70b9\uff0c\u5c06 node \u5411\u5de6\u65cb\u8f6c\n    child->left = node;\n    node->right = grandChild;\n    // \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n    updateHeight(node);\n    updateHeight(child);\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u65cb\u8f6c\u540e\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    return child;\n}\n
    avl_tree.zig
    // \u5de6\u65cb\u64cd\u4f5c\nfn leftRotate(self: *Self, node: ?*inc.TreeNode(T)) ?*inc.TreeNode(T) {\n    var child = node.?.right;\n    var grandChild = child.?.left;\n    // \u4ee5 child \u4e3a\u539f\u70b9\uff0c\u5c06 node \u5411\u5de6\u65cb\u8f6c\n    child.?.left = node;\n    node.?.right = grandChild;\n    // \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n    self.updateHeight(node);\n    self.updateHeight(child);\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u65cb\u8f6c\u540e\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    return child;\n}\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_tree/avl_tree/#3","title":"3. \u00a0 \u5148\u5de6\u65cb\u540e\u53f3\u65cb","text":"

    \u5bf9\u4e8e\u56fe 7-30 \u4e2d\u7684\u5931\u8861\u8282\u70b9 3 \uff0c\u4ec5\u4f7f\u7528\u5de6\u65cb\u6216\u53f3\u65cb\u90fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u4f7f\u5b50\u6811\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u5148\u5bf9 child \u6267\u884c\u201c\u5de6\u65cb\u201d\uff0c\u518d\u5bf9 node \u6267\u884c\u201c\u53f3\u65cb\u201d\u3002

    \u56fe 7-30 \u00a0 \u5148\u5de6\u65cb\u540e\u53f3\u65cb

    "},{"location":"chapter_tree/avl_tree/#4","title":"4. \u00a0 \u5148\u53f3\u65cb\u540e\u5de6\u65cb","text":"

    \u5982\u56fe 7-31 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5931\u8861\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u955c\u50cf\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5148\u5bf9 child \u6267\u884c\u201c\u53f3\u65cb\u201d\uff0c\u518d\u5bf9 node \u6267\u884c\u201c\u5de6\u65cb\u201d\u3002

    \u56fe 7-31 \u00a0 \u5148\u53f3\u65cb\u540e\u5de6\u65cb

    "},{"location":"chapter_tree/avl_tree/#5","title":"5. \u00a0 \u65cb\u8f6c\u7684\u9009\u62e9","text":"

    \u56fe 7-32 \u5c55\u793a\u7684\u56db\u79cd\u5931\u8861\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0e\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6848\u4f8b\u9010\u4e2a\u5bf9\u5e94\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u9700\u8981\u91c7\u7528\u53f3\u65cb\u3001\u5148\u5de6\u65cb\u540e\u53f3\u65cb\u3001\u5148\u53f3\u65cb\u540e\u5de6\u65cb\u3001\u5de6\u65cb\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002

    \u56fe 7-32 \u00a0 AVL \u6811\u7684\u56db\u79cd\u65cb\u8f6c\u60c5\u51b5

    \u5982\u4e0b\u8868\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u5224\u65ad\u5931\u8861\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50\u4ee5\u53ca\u8f83\u9ad8\u4e00\u4fa7\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50\u7684\u6b63\u8d1f\u53f7\uff0c\u6765\u786e\u5b9a\u5931\u8861\u8282\u70b9\u5c5e\u4e8e\u56fe 7-32 \u4e2d\u7684\u54ea\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u3002

    \u8868 7-3 \u00a0 \u56db\u79cd\u65cb\u8f6c\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u6761\u4ef6

    \u5931\u8861\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50 \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50 \u5e94\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u65cb\u8f6c\u65b9\u6cd5 \\(> 1\\) \uff08\u5de6\u504f\u6811\uff09 \\(\\geq 0\\) \u53f3\u65cb \\(> 1\\) \uff08\u5de6\u504f\u6811\uff09 \\(<0\\) \u5148\u5de6\u65cb\u540e\u53f3\u65cb \\(< -1\\) \uff08\u53f3\u504f\u6811\uff09 \\(\\leq 0\\) \u5de6\u65cb \\(< -1\\) \uff08\u53f3\u504f\u6811\uff09 \\(>0\\) \u5148\u53f3\u65cb\u540e\u5de6\u65cb

    \u4e3a\u4e86\u4fbf\u4e8e\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\u5c01\u88c5\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u6709\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u80fd\u5bf9\u5404\u79cd\u5931\u8861\u60c5\u51b5\u8fdb\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\uff0c\u4f7f\u5931\u8861\u8282\u70b9\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861\u3002\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig avl_tree.py
    def rotate(self, node: TreeNode | None) -> TreeNode | None:\n    \"\"\"\u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861\"\"\"\n    # \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9 node \u7684\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50\n    balance_factor = self.balance_factor(node)\n    # \u5de6\u504f\u6811\n    if balance_factor > 1:\n        if self.balance_factor(node.left) >= 0:\n            # \u53f3\u65cb\n            return self.right_rotate(node)\n        else:\n            # \u5148\u5de6\u65cb\u540e\u53f3\u65cb\n            node.left = self.left_rotate(node.left)\n            return self.right_rotate(node)\n    # \u53f3\u504f\u6811\n    elif balance_factor < -1:\n        if self.balance_factor(node.right) <= 0:\n            # \u5de6\u65cb\n            return self.left_rotate(node)\n        else:\n            # \u5148\u53f3\u65cb\u540e\u5de6\u65cb\n            node.right = self.right_rotate(node.right)\n            return self.left_rotate(node)\n    # \u5e73\u8861\u6811\uff0c\u65e0\u987b\u65cb\u8f6c\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n    return node\n
    avl_tree.cpp
    /* \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861 */\nTreeNode *rotate(TreeNode *node) {\n    // \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9 node \u7684\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50\n    int _balanceFactor = balanceFactor(node);\n    // \u5de6\u504f\u6811\n    if (_balanceFactor > 1) {\n        if (balanceFactor(node->left) >= 0) {\n            // \u53f3\u65cb\n            return rightRotate(node);\n        } else {\n            // \u5148\u5de6\u65cb\u540e\u53f3\u65cb\n            node->left = leftRotate(node->left);\n            return rightRotate(node);\n        }\n    }\n    // \u53f3\u504f\u6811\n    if (_balanceFactor < -1) {\n        if (balanceFactor(node->right) <= 0) {\n            // \u5de6\u65cb\n            return leftRotate(node);\n        } else {\n            // \u5148\u53f3\u65cb\u540e\u5de6\u65cb\n            node->right = rightRotate(node->right);\n            return leftRotate(node);\n        }\n    }\n    // \u5e73\u8861\u6811\uff0c\u65e0\u987b\u65cb\u8f6c\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n    return node;\n}\n
    avl_tree.java
    /* \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861 */\nTreeNode rotate(TreeNode node) {\n    // \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9 node \u7684\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50\n    int balanceFactor = balanceFactor(node);\n    // \u5de6\u504f\u6811\n    if (balanceFactor > 1) {\n        if (balanceFactor(node.left) >= 0) {\n            // \u53f3\u65cb\n            return rightRotate(node);\n        } else {\n            // \u5148\u5de6\u65cb\u540e\u53f3\u65cb\n            node.left = leftRotate(node.left);\n            return rightRotate(node);\n        }\n    }\n    // \u53f3\u504f\u6811\n    if (balanceFactor < -1) {\n        if (balanceFactor(node.right) <= 0) {\n            // \u5de6\u65cb\n            return leftRotate(node);\n        } else {\n            // \u5148\u53f3\u65cb\u540e\u5de6\u65cb\n            node.right = rightRotate(node.right);\n            return leftRotate(node);\n        }\n    }\n    // \u5e73\u8861\u6811\uff0c\u65e0\u987b\u65cb\u8f6c\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n    return node;\n}\n
    avl_tree.cs
    /* \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861 */\nTreeNode? Rotate(TreeNode? node) {\n    // \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9 node \u7684\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50\n    int balanceFactorInt = BalanceFactor(node);\n    // \u5de6\u504f\u6811\n    if (balanceFactorInt > 1) {\n        if (BalanceFactor(node?.left) >= 0) {\n            // \u53f3\u65cb\n            return RightRotate(node);\n        } else {\n            // \u5148\u5de6\u65cb\u540e\u53f3\u65cb\n            node!.left = LeftRotate(node!.left);\n            return RightRotate(node);\n        }\n    }\n    // \u53f3\u504f\u6811\n    if (balanceFactorInt < -1) {\n        if (BalanceFactor(node?.right) <= 0) {\n            // \u5de6\u65cb\n            return LeftRotate(node);\n        } else {\n            // \u5148\u53f3\u65cb\u540e\u5de6\u65cb\n            node!.right = RightRotate(node!.right);\n            return LeftRotate(node);\n        }\n    }\n    // \u5e73\u8861\u6811\uff0c\u65e0\u987b\u65cb\u8f6c\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n    return node;\n}\n
    avl_tree.go
    /* \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861 */\nfunc (t *aVLTree) rotate(node *TreeNode) *TreeNode {\n    // \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9 node \u7684\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50\n    // Go \u63a8\u8350\u77ed\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc bf \u6307\u4ee3 t.balanceFactor\n    bf := t.balanceFactor(node)\n    // \u5de6\u504f\u6811\n    if bf > 1 {\n        if t.balanceFactor(node.Left) >= 0 {\n            // \u53f3\u65cb\n            return t.rightRotate(node)\n        } else {\n            // \u5148\u5de6\u65cb\u540e\u53f3\u65cb\n            node.Left = t.leftRotate(node.Left)\n            return t.rightRotate(node)\n        }\n    }\n    // \u53f3\u504f\u6811\n    if bf < -1 {\n        if t.balanceFactor(node.Right) <= 0 {\n            // \u5de6\u65cb\n            return t.leftRotate(node)\n        } else {\n            // \u5148\u53f3\u65cb\u540e\u5de6\u65cb\n            node.Right = t.rightRotate(node.Right)\n            return t.leftRotate(node)\n        }\n    }\n    // \u5e73\u8861\u6811\uff0c\u65e0\u987b\u65cb\u8f6c\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n    return node\n}\n
    avl_tree.swift
    /* \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861 */\nfunc rotate(node: TreeNode?) -> TreeNode? {\n    // \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9 node \u7684\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50\n    let balanceFactor = balanceFactor(node: node)\n    // \u5de6\u504f\u6811\n    if balanceFactor > 1 {\n        if self.balanceFactor(node: node?.left) >= 0 {\n            // \u53f3\u65cb\n            return rightRotate(node: node)\n        } else {\n            // \u5148\u5de6\u65cb\u540e\u53f3\u65cb\n            node?.left = leftRotate(node: node?.left)\n            return rightRotate(node: node)\n        }\n    }\n    // \u53f3\u504f\u6811\n    if balanceFactor < -1 {\n        if self.balanceFactor(node: node?.right) <= 0 {\n            // \u5de6\u65cb\n            return leftRotate(node: node)\n        } else {\n            // \u5148\u53f3\u65cb\u540e\u5de6\u65cb\n            node?.right = rightRotate(node: node?.right)\n            return leftRotate(node: node)\n        }\n    }\n    // \u5e73\u8861\u6811\uff0c\u65e0\u987b\u65cb\u8f6c\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n    return node\n}\n
    avl_tree.js
    /* \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861 */\n#rotate(node) {\n    // \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9 node \u7684\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50\n    const balanceFactor = this.balanceFactor(node);\n    // \u5de6\u504f\u6811\n    if (balanceFactor > 1) {\n        if (this.balanceFactor(node.left) >= 0) {\n            // \u53f3\u65cb\n            return this.#rightRotate(node);\n        } else {\n            // \u5148\u5de6\u65cb\u540e\u53f3\u65cb\n            node.left = this.#leftRotate(node.left);\n            return this.#rightRotate(node);\n        }\n    }\n    // \u53f3\u504f\u6811\n    if (balanceFactor < -1) {\n        if (this.balanceFactor(node.right) <= 0) {\n            // \u5de6\u65cb\n            return this.#leftRotate(node);\n        } else {\n            // \u5148\u53f3\u65cb\u540e\u5de6\u65cb\n            node.right = this.#rightRotate(node.right);\n            return this.#leftRotate(node);\n        }\n    }\n    // \u5e73\u8861\u6811\uff0c\u65e0\u987b\u65cb\u8f6c\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n    return node;\n}\n
    avl_tree.ts
    /* \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861 */\nrotate(node: TreeNode): TreeNode {\n    // \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9 node \u7684\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50\n    const balanceFactor = this.balanceFactor(node);\n    // \u5de6\u504f\u6811\n    if (balanceFactor > 1) {\n        if (this.balanceFactor(node.left) >= 0) {\n            // \u53f3\u65cb\n            return this.rightRotate(node);\n        } else {\n            // \u5148\u5de6\u65cb\u540e\u53f3\u65cb\n            node.left = this.leftRotate(node.left);\n            return this.rightRotate(node);\n        }\n    }\n    // \u53f3\u504f\u6811\n    if (balanceFactor < -1) {\n        if (this.balanceFactor(node.right) <= 0) {\n            // \u5de6\u65cb\n            return this.leftRotate(node);\n        } else {\n            // \u5148\u53f3\u65cb\u540e\u5de6\u65cb\n            node.right = this.rightRotate(node.right);\n            return this.leftRotate(node);\n        }\n    }\n    // \u5e73\u8861\u6811\uff0c\u65e0\u987b\u65cb\u8f6c\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n    return node;\n}\n
    avl_tree.dart
    /* \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861 */\nTreeNode? rotate(TreeNode? node) {\n  // \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9 node \u7684\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50\n  int factor = balanceFactor(node);\n  // \u5de6\u504f\u6811\n  if (factor > 1) {\n    if (balanceFactor(node!.left) >= 0) {\n      // \u53f3\u65cb\n      return rightRotate(node);\n    } else {\n      // \u5148\u5de6\u65cb\u540e\u53f3\u65cb\n      node.left = leftRotate(node.left);\n      return rightRotate(node);\n    }\n  }\n  // \u53f3\u504f\u6811\n  if (factor < -1) {\n    if (balanceFactor(node!.right) <= 0) {\n      // \u5de6\u65cb\n      return leftRotate(node);\n    } else {\n      // \u5148\u53f3\u65cb\u540e\u5de6\u65cb\n      node.right = rightRotate(node.right);\n      return leftRotate(node);\n    }\n  }\n  // \u5e73\u8861\u6811\uff0c\u65e0\u987b\u65cb\u8f6c\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n  return node;\n}\n
    avl_tree.rs
    /* \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861 */\nfn rotate(node: OptionTreeNodeRc) -> OptionTreeNodeRc {\n    // \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9 node \u7684\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50\n    let balance_factor = Self::balance_factor(node.clone());\n    // \u5de6\u504f\u6811\n    if balance_factor > 1 {\n        let node = node.unwrap();\n        if Self::balance_factor(node.borrow().left.clone()) >= 0 {\n            // \u53f3\u65cb\n            Self::right_rotate(Some(node))\n        } else {\n            // \u5148\u5de6\u65cb\u540e\u53f3\u65cb\n            let left = node.borrow().left.clone();\n            node.borrow_mut().left = Self::left_rotate(left);\n            Self::right_rotate(Some(node))\n        }\n    }\n    // \u53f3\u504f\u6811\n    else if balance_factor < -1 {\n        let node = node.unwrap();\n        if Self::balance_factor(node.borrow().right.clone()) <= 0 {\n            // \u5de6\u65cb\n            Self::left_rotate(Some(node))\n        } else {\n            // \u5148\u53f3\u65cb\u540e\u5de6\u65cb\n            let right = node.borrow().right.clone();\n            node.borrow_mut().right = Self::right_rotate(right);\n            Self::left_rotate(Some(node))\n        }\n    } else {\n        // \u5e73\u8861\u6811\uff0c\u65e0\u987b\u65cb\u8f6c\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n        node\n    }\n}\n
    avl_tree.c
    /* \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861 */\nTreeNode *rotate(TreeNode *node) {\n    // \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9 node \u7684\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50\n    int bf = balanceFactor(node);\n    // \u5de6\u504f\u6811\n    if (bf > 1) {\n        if (balanceFactor(node->left) >= 0) {\n            // \u53f3\u65cb\n            return rightRotate(node);\n        } else {\n            // \u5148\u5de6\u65cb\u540e\u53f3\u65cb\n            node->left = leftRotate(node->left);\n            return rightRotate(node);\n        }\n    }\n    // \u53f3\u504f\u6811\n    if (bf < -1) {\n        if (balanceFactor(node->right) <= 0) {\n            // \u5de6\u65cb\n            return leftRotate(node);\n        } else {\n            // \u5148\u53f3\u65cb\u540e\u5de6\u65cb\n            node->right = rightRotate(node->right);\n            return leftRotate(node);\n        }\n    }\n    // \u5e73\u8861\u6811\uff0c\u65e0\u987b\u65cb\u8f6c\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n    return node;\n}\n
    avl_tree.zig
    // \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861\nfn rotate(self: *Self, node: ?*inc.TreeNode(T)) ?*inc.TreeNode(T) {\n    // \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9 node \u7684\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50\n    var balance_factor = self.balanceFactor(node);\n    // \u5de6\u504f\u6811\n    if (balance_factor > 1) {\n        if (self.balanceFactor(node.?.left) >= 0) {\n            // \u53f3\u65cb\n            return self.rightRotate(node);\n        } else {\n            // \u5148\u5de6\u65cb\u540e\u53f3\u65cb\n            node.?.left = self.leftRotate(node.?.left);\n            return self.rightRotate(node);\n        }\n    }\n    // \u53f3\u504f\u6811\n    if (balance_factor < -1) {\n        if (self.balanceFactor(node.?.right) <= 0) {\n            // \u5de6\u65cb\n            return self.leftRotate(node);\n        } else {\n            // \u5148\u53f3\u65cb\u540e\u5de6\u65cb\n            node.?.right = self.rightRotate(node.?.right);\n            return self.leftRotate(node);\n        }\n    }\n    // \u5e73\u8861\u6811\uff0c\u65e0\u987b\u65cb\u8f6c\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n    return node;\n}\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_tree/avl_tree/#753-avl","title":"7.5.3 \u00a0 AVL \u6811\u5e38\u7528\u64cd\u4f5c","text":""},{"location":"chapter_tree/avl_tree/#1_2","title":"1. \u00a0 \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9","text":"

    AVL \u6811\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u63d2\u5165\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e0e\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u5728\u4e3b\u4f53\u4e0a\u7c7b\u4f3c\u3002\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u533a\u522b\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u5728 AVL \u6811\u4e2d\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\u540e\uff0c\u4ece\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u5230\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u4e0a\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u5931\u8861\u8282\u70b9\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u81ea\u5e95\u5411\u4e0a\u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u6240\u6709\u5931\u8861\u8282\u70b9\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861\u3002\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig avl_tree.py
    def insert(self, val):\n    \"\"\"\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\"\"\"\n    self._root = self.insert_helper(self._root, val)\n\ndef insert_helper(self, node: TreeNode | None, val: int) -> TreeNode:\n    \"\"\"\u9012\u5f52\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u8f85\u52a9\u65b9\u6cd5\uff09\"\"\"\n    if node is None:\n        return TreeNode(val)\n    # 1. \u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5e76\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\n    if val < node.val:\n        node.left = self.insert_helper(node.left, val)\n    elif val > node.val:\n        node.right = self.insert_helper(node.right, val)\n    else:\n        # \u91cd\u590d\u8282\u70b9\u4e0d\u63d2\u5165\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n        return node\n    # \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n    self.update_height(node)\n    # 2. \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861\n    return self.rotate(node)\n
    avl_tree.cpp
    /* \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 */\nvoid insert(int val) {\n    root = insertHelper(root, val);\n}\n\n/* \u9012\u5f52\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u8f85\u52a9\u65b9\u6cd5\uff09 */\nTreeNode *insertHelper(TreeNode *node, int val) {\n    if (node == nullptr)\n        return new TreeNode(val);\n    /* 1. \u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5e76\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 */\n    if (val < node->val)\n        node->left = insertHelper(node->left, val);\n    else if (val > node->val)\n        node->right = insertHelper(node->right, val);\n    else\n        return node;    // \u91cd\u590d\u8282\u70b9\u4e0d\u63d2\u5165\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n    updateHeight(node); // \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n    /* 2. \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861 */\n    node = rotate(node);\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    return node;\n}\n
    avl_tree.java
    /* \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 */\nvoid insert(int val) {\n    root = insertHelper(root, val);\n}\n\n/* \u9012\u5f52\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u8f85\u52a9\u65b9\u6cd5\uff09 */\nTreeNode insertHelper(TreeNode node, int val) {\n    if (node == null)\n        return new TreeNode(val);\n    /* 1. \u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5e76\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 */\n    if (val < node.val)\n        node.left = insertHelper(node.left, val);\n    else if (val > node.val)\n        node.right = insertHelper(node.right, val);\n    else\n        return node; // \u91cd\u590d\u8282\u70b9\u4e0d\u63d2\u5165\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n    updateHeight(node); // \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n    /* 2. \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861 */\n    node = rotate(node);\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    return node;\n}\n
    avl_tree.cs
    /* \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 */\nvoid Insert(int val) {\n    root = InsertHelper(root, val);\n}\n\n/* \u9012\u5f52\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u8f85\u52a9\u65b9\u6cd5\uff09 */\nTreeNode? InsertHelper(TreeNode? node, int val) {\n    if (node == null) return new TreeNode(val);\n    /* 1. \u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5e76\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 */\n    if (val < node.val)\n        node.left = InsertHelper(node.left, val);\n    else if (val > node.val)\n        node.right = InsertHelper(node.right, val);\n    else\n        return node;     // \u91cd\u590d\u8282\u70b9\u4e0d\u63d2\u5165\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n    UpdateHeight(node);  // \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n    /* 2. \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861 */\n    node = Rotate(node);\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    return node;\n}\n
    avl_tree.go
    /* \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 */\nfunc (t *aVLTree) insert(val int) {\n    t.root = t.insertHelper(t.root, val)\n}\n\n/* \u9012\u5f52\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u8f85\u52a9\u51fd\u6570\uff09 */\nfunc (t *aVLTree) insertHelper(node *TreeNode, val int) *TreeNode {\n    if node == nil {\n        return NewTreeNode(val)\n    }\n    /* 1. \u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5e76\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 */\n    if val < node.Val.(int) {\n        node.Left = t.insertHelper(node.Left, val)\n    } else if val > node.Val.(int) {\n        node.Right = t.insertHelper(node.Right, val)\n    } else {\n        // \u91cd\u590d\u8282\u70b9\u4e0d\u63d2\u5165\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n        return node\n    }\n    // \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n    t.updateHeight(node)\n    /* 2. \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861 */\n    node = t.rotate(node)\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    return node\n}\n
    avl_tree.swift
    /* \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 */\nfunc insert(val: Int) {\n    root = insertHelper(node: root, val: val)\n}\n\n/* \u9012\u5f52\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u8f85\u52a9\u65b9\u6cd5\uff09 */\nfunc insertHelper(node: TreeNode?, val: Int) -> TreeNode? {\n    var node = node\n    if node == nil {\n        return TreeNode(x: val)\n    }\n    /* 1. \u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5e76\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 */\n    if val < node!.val {\n        node?.left = insertHelper(node: node?.left, val: val)\n    } else if val > node!.val {\n        node?.right = insertHelper(node: node?.right, val: val)\n    } else {\n        return node // \u91cd\u590d\u8282\u70b9\u4e0d\u63d2\u5165\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n    }\n    updateHeight(node: node) // \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n    /* 2. \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861 */\n    node = rotate(node: node)\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    return node\n}\n
    avl_tree.js
    /* \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 */\ninsert(val) {\n    this.root = this.#insertHelper(this.root, val);\n}\n\n/* \u9012\u5f52\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u8f85\u52a9\u65b9\u6cd5\uff09 */\n#insertHelper(node, val) {\n    if (node === null) return new TreeNode(val);\n    /* 1. \u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5e76\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 */\n    if (val < node.val) node.left = this.#insertHelper(node.left, val);\n    else if (val > node.val)\n        node.right = this.#insertHelper(node.right, val);\n    else return node; // \u91cd\u590d\u8282\u70b9\u4e0d\u63d2\u5165\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n    this.#updateHeight(node); // \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n    /* 2. \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861 */\n    node = this.#rotate(node);\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    return node;\n}\n
    avl_tree.ts
    /* \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 */\ninsert(val: number): void {\n    this.root = this.insertHelper(this.root, val);\n}\n\n/* \u9012\u5f52\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u8f85\u52a9\u65b9\u6cd5\uff09 */\ninsertHelper(node: TreeNode, val: number): TreeNode {\n    if (node === null) return new TreeNode(val);\n    /* 1. \u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5e76\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 */\n    if (val < node.val) {\n        node.left = this.insertHelper(node.left, val);\n    } else if (val > node.val) {\n        node.right = this.insertHelper(node.right, val);\n    } else {\n        return node; // \u91cd\u590d\u8282\u70b9\u4e0d\u63d2\u5165\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n    }\n    this.updateHeight(node); // \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n    /* 2. \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861 */\n    node = this.rotate(node);\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    return node;\n}\n
    avl_tree.dart
    /* \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 */\nvoid insert(int val) {\n  root = insertHelper(root, val);\n}\n\n/* \u9012\u5f52\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u8f85\u52a9\u65b9\u6cd5\uff09 */\nTreeNode? insertHelper(TreeNode? node, int val) {\n  if (node == null) return TreeNode(val);\n  /* 1. \u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5e76\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 */\n  if (val < node.val)\n    node.left = insertHelper(node.left, val);\n  else if (val > node.val)\n    node.right = insertHelper(node.right, val);\n  else\n    return node; // \u91cd\u590d\u8282\u70b9\u4e0d\u63d2\u5165\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n  updateHeight(node); // \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n  /* 2. \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861 */\n  node = rotate(node);\n  // \u8fd4\u56de\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n  return node;\n}\n
    avl_tree.rs
    /* \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 */\nfn insert(&mut self, val: i32) {\n    self.root = Self::insert_helper(self.root.clone(), val);\n}\n\n/* \u9012\u5f52\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u8f85\u52a9\u65b9\u6cd5\uff09 */\nfn insert_helper(node: OptionTreeNodeRc, val: i32) -> OptionTreeNodeRc {\n    match node {\n        Some(mut node) => {\n            /* 1. \u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5e76\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 */\n            match {\n                let node_val = node.borrow().val;\n                node_val\n            }\n            .cmp(&val)\n            {\n                Ordering::Greater => {\n                    let left = node.borrow().left.clone();\n                    node.borrow_mut().left = Self::insert_helper(left, val);\n                }\n                Ordering::Less => {\n                    let right = node.borrow().right.clone();\n                    node.borrow_mut().right = Self::insert_helper(right, val);\n                }\n                Ordering::Equal => {\n                    return Some(node); // \u91cd\u590d\u8282\u70b9\u4e0d\u63d2\u5165\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n                }\n            }\n            Self::update_height(Some(node.clone())); // \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n            /* 2. \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861 */\n            node = Self::rotate(Some(node)).unwrap();\n            // \u8fd4\u56de\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n            Some(node)\n        }\n        None => Some(TreeNode::new(val)),\n    }\n}\n
    avl_tree.c
    /* \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 */\nvoid insert(AVLTree *tree, int val) {\n    tree->root = insertHelper(tree->root, val);\n}\n\n/* \u9012\u5f52\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u8f85\u52a9\u51fd\u6570\uff09 */\nTreeNode *insertHelper(TreeNode *node, int val) {\n    if (node == NULL) {\n        return newTreeNode(val);\n    }\n    /* 1. \u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5e76\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 */\n    if (val < node->val) {\n        node->left = insertHelper(node->left, val);\n    } else if (val > node->val) {\n        node->right = insertHelper(node->right, val);\n    } else {\n        // \u91cd\u590d\u8282\u70b9\u4e0d\u63d2\u5165\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n        return node;\n    }\n    // \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n    updateHeight(node);\n    /* 2. \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861 */\n    node = rotate(node);\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    return node;\n}\n
    avl_tree.zig
    // \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\nfn insert(self: *Self, val: T) !void {\n    self.root = (try self.insertHelper(self.root, val)).?;\n}\n\n// \u9012\u5f52\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u8f85\u52a9\u65b9\u6cd5\uff09\nfn insertHelper(self: *Self, node_: ?*inc.TreeNode(T), val: T) !?*inc.TreeNode(T) {\n    var node = node_;\n    if (node == null) {\n        var tmp_node = try self.mem_allocator.create(inc.TreeNode(T));\n        tmp_node.init(val);\n        return tmp_node;\n    }\n    // 1. \u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5e76\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\n    if (val < node.?.val) {\n        node.?.left = try self.insertHelper(node.?.left, val);\n    } else if (val > node.?.val) {\n        node.?.right = try self.insertHelper(node.?.right, val);\n    } else {\n        return node;            // \u91cd\u590d\u8282\u70b9\u4e0d\u63d2\u5165\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n    }\n    self.updateHeight(node);    // \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n    // 2. \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861\n    node = self.rotate(node);\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    return node;\n}\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_tree/avl_tree/#2_2","title":"2. \u00a0 \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9","text":"

    \u7c7b\u4f3c\u5730\uff0c\u5728\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u7684\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4ece\u5e95\u81f3\u9876\u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u6240\u6709\u5931\u8861\u8282\u70b9\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861\u3002\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig avl_tree.py
    def remove(self, val: int):\n    \"\"\"\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\"\"\"\n    self._root = self.remove_helper(self._root, val)\n\ndef remove_helper(self, node: TreeNode | None, val: int) -> TreeNode | None:\n    \"\"\"\u9012\u5f52\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u8f85\u52a9\u65b9\u6cd5\uff09\"\"\"\n    if node is None:\n        return None\n    # 1. \u67e5\u627e\u8282\u70b9\u5e76\u5220\u9664\n    if val < node.val:\n        node.left = self.remove_helper(node.left, val)\n    elif val > node.val:\n        node.right = self.remove_helper(node.right, val)\n    else:\n        if node.left is None or node.right is None:\n            child = node.left or node.right\n            # \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 0 \uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5220\u9664 node \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\n            if child is None:\n                return None\n            # \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 1 \uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5220\u9664 node\n            else:\n                node = child\n        else:\n            # \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 2 \uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u7684\u4e0b\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u5220\u9664\uff0c\u5e76\u7528\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u66ff\u6362\u5f53\u524d\u8282\u70b9\n            temp = node.right\n            while temp.left is not None:\n                temp = temp.left\n            node.right = self.remove_helper(node.right, temp.val)\n            node.val = temp.val\n    # \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n    self.update_height(node)\n    # 2. \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861\n    return self.rotate(node)\n
    avl_tree.cpp
    /* \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 */\nvoid remove(int val) {\n    root = removeHelper(root, val);\n}\n\n/* \u9012\u5f52\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u8f85\u52a9\u65b9\u6cd5\uff09 */\nTreeNode *removeHelper(TreeNode *node, int val) {\n    if (node == nullptr)\n        return nullptr;\n    /* 1. \u67e5\u627e\u8282\u70b9\u5e76\u5220\u9664 */\n    if (val < node->val)\n        node->left = removeHelper(node->left, val);\n    else if (val > node->val)\n        node->right = removeHelper(node->right, val);\n    else {\n        if (node->left == nullptr || node->right == nullptr) {\n            TreeNode *child = node->left != nullptr ? node->left : node->right;\n            // \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 0 \uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5220\u9664 node \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\n            if (child == nullptr) {\n                delete node;\n                return nullptr;\n            }\n            // \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 1 \uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5220\u9664 node\n            else {\n                delete node;\n                node = child;\n            }\n        } else {\n            // \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 2 \uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u7684\u4e0b\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u5220\u9664\uff0c\u5e76\u7528\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u66ff\u6362\u5f53\u524d\u8282\u70b9\n            TreeNode *temp = node->right;\n            while (temp->left != nullptr) {\n                temp = temp->left;\n            }\n            int tempVal = temp->val;\n            node->right = removeHelper(node->right, temp->val);\n            node->val = tempVal;\n        }\n    }\n    updateHeight(node); // \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n    /* 2. \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861 */\n    node = rotate(node);\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    return node;\n}\n
    avl_tree.java
    /* \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 */\nvoid remove(int val) {\n    root = removeHelper(root, val);\n}\n\n/* \u9012\u5f52\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u8f85\u52a9\u65b9\u6cd5\uff09 */\nTreeNode removeHelper(TreeNode node, int val) {\n    if (node == null)\n        return null;\n    /* 1. \u67e5\u627e\u8282\u70b9\u5e76\u5220\u9664 */\n    if (val < node.val)\n        node.left = removeHelper(node.left, val);\n    else if (val > node.val)\n        node.right = removeHelper(node.right, val);\n    else {\n        if (node.left == null || node.right == null) {\n            TreeNode child = node.left != null ? node.left : node.right;\n            // \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 0 \uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5220\u9664 node \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\n            if (child == null)\n                return null;\n            // \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 1 \uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5220\u9664 node\n            else\n                node = child;\n        } else {\n            // \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 2 \uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u7684\u4e0b\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u5220\u9664\uff0c\u5e76\u7528\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u66ff\u6362\u5f53\u524d\u8282\u70b9\n            TreeNode temp = node.right;\n            while (temp.left != null) {\n                temp = temp.left;\n            }\n            node.right = removeHelper(node.right, temp.val);\n            node.val = temp.val;\n        }\n    }\n    updateHeight(node); // \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n    /* 2. \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861 */\n    node = rotate(node);\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    return node;\n}\n
    avl_tree.cs
    /* \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 */\nvoid Remove(int val) {\n    root = RemoveHelper(root, val);\n}\n\n/* \u9012\u5f52\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u8f85\u52a9\u65b9\u6cd5\uff09 */\nTreeNode? RemoveHelper(TreeNode? node, int val) {\n    if (node == null) return null;\n    /* 1. \u67e5\u627e\u8282\u70b9\u5e76\u5220\u9664 */\n    if (val < node.val)\n        node.left = RemoveHelper(node.left, val);\n    else if (val > node.val)\n        node.right = RemoveHelper(node.right, val);\n    else {\n        if (node.left == null || node.right == null) {\n            TreeNode? child = node.left ?? node.right;\n            // \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 0 \uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5220\u9664 node \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\n            if (child == null)\n                return null;\n            // \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 1 \uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5220\u9664 node\n            else\n                node = child;\n        } else {\n            // \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 2 \uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u7684\u4e0b\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u5220\u9664\uff0c\u5e76\u7528\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u66ff\u6362\u5f53\u524d\u8282\u70b9\n            TreeNode? temp = node.right;\n            while (temp.left != null) {\n                temp = temp.left;\n            }\n            node.right = RemoveHelper(node.right, temp.val!.Value);\n            node.val = temp.val;\n        }\n    }\n    UpdateHeight(node);  // \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n    /* 2. \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861 */\n    node = Rotate(node);\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    return node;\n}\n
    avl_tree.go
    /* \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 */\nfunc (t *aVLTree) remove(val int) {\n    t.root = t.removeHelper(t.root, val)\n}\n\n/* \u9012\u5f52\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u8f85\u52a9\u51fd\u6570\uff09 */\nfunc (t *aVLTree) removeHelper(node *TreeNode, val int) *TreeNode {\n    if node == nil {\n        return nil\n    }\n    /* 1. \u67e5\u627e\u8282\u70b9\u5e76\u5220\u9664 */\n    if val < node.Val.(int) {\n        node.Left = t.removeHelper(node.Left, val)\n    } else if val > node.Val.(int) {\n        node.Right = t.removeHelper(node.Right, val)\n    } else {\n        if node.Left == nil || node.Right == nil {\n            child := node.Left\n            if node.Right != nil {\n                child = node.Right\n            }\n            if child == nil {\n                // \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 0 \uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5220\u9664 node \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\n                return nil\n            } else {\n                // \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 1 \uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5220\u9664 node\n                node = child\n            }\n        } else {\n            // \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 2 \uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u7684\u4e0b\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u5220\u9664\uff0c\u5e76\u7528\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u66ff\u6362\u5f53\u524d\u8282\u70b9\n            temp := node.Right\n            for temp.Left != nil {\n                temp = temp.Left\n            }\n            node.Right = t.removeHelper(node.Right, temp.Val.(int))\n            node.Val = temp.Val\n        }\n    }\n    // \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n    t.updateHeight(node)\n    /* 2. \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861 */\n    node = t.rotate(node)\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    return node\n}\n
    avl_tree.swift
    /* \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 */\nfunc remove(val: Int) {\n    root = removeHelper(node: root, val: val)\n}\n\n/* \u9012\u5f52\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u8f85\u52a9\u65b9\u6cd5\uff09 */\nfunc removeHelper(node: TreeNode?, val: Int) -> TreeNode? {\n    var node = node\n    if node == nil {\n        return nil\n    }\n    /* 1. \u67e5\u627e\u8282\u70b9\u5e76\u5220\u9664 */\n    if val < node!.val {\n        node?.left = removeHelper(node: node?.left, val: val)\n    } else if val > node!.val {\n        node?.right = removeHelper(node: node?.right, val: val)\n    } else {\n        if node?.left == nil || node?.right == nil {\n            let child = node?.left != nil ? node?.left : node?.right\n            // \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 0 \uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5220\u9664 node \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\n            if child == nil {\n                return nil\n            }\n            // \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 1 \uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5220\u9664 node\n            else {\n                node = child\n            }\n        } else {\n            // \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 2 \uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u7684\u4e0b\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u5220\u9664\uff0c\u5e76\u7528\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u66ff\u6362\u5f53\u524d\u8282\u70b9\n            var temp = node?.right\n            while temp?.left != nil {\n                temp = temp?.left\n            }\n            node?.right = removeHelper(node: node?.right, val: temp!.val)\n            node?.val = temp!.val\n        }\n    }\n    updateHeight(node: node) // \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n    /* 2. \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861 */\n    node = rotate(node: node)\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    return node\n}\n
    avl_tree.js
    /* \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 */\nremove(val) {\n    this.root = this.#removeHelper(this.root, val);\n}\n\n/* \u9012\u5f52\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u8f85\u52a9\u65b9\u6cd5\uff09 */\n#removeHelper(node, val) {\n    if (node === null) return null;\n    /* 1. \u67e5\u627e\u8282\u70b9\u5e76\u5220\u9664 */\n    if (val < node.val) node.left = this.#removeHelper(node.left, val);\n    else if (val > node.val)\n        node.right = this.#removeHelper(node.right, val);\n    else {\n        if (node.left === null || node.right === null) {\n            const child = node.left !== null ? node.left : node.right;\n            // \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 0 \uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5220\u9664 node \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\n            if (child === null) return null;\n            // \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 1 \uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5220\u9664 node\n            else node = child;\n        } else {\n            // \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 2 \uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u7684\u4e0b\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u5220\u9664\uff0c\u5e76\u7528\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u66ff\u6362\u5f53\u524d\u8282\u70b9\n            let temp = node.right;\n            while (temp.left !== null) {\n                temp = temp.left;\n            }\n            node.right = this.#removeHelper(node.right, temp.val);\n            node.val = temp.val;\n        }\n    }\n    this.#updateHeight(node); // \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n    /* 2. \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861 */\n    node = this.#rotate(node);\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    return node;\n}\n
    avl_tree.ts
    /* \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 */\nremove(val: number): void {\n    this.root = this.removeHelper(this.root, val);\n}\n\n/* \u9012\u5f52\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u8f85\u52a9\u65b9\u6cd5\uff09 */\nremoveHelper(node: TreeNode, val: number): TreeNode {\n    if (node === null) return null;\n    /* 1. \u67e5\u627e\u8282\u70b9\u5e76\u5220\u9664 */\n    if (val < node.val) {\n        node.left = this.removeHelper(node.left, val);\n    } else if (val > node.val) {\n        node.right = this.removeHelper(node.right, val);\n    } else {\n        if (node.left === null || node.right === null) {\n            const child = node.left !== null ? node.left : node.right;\n            // \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 0 \uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5220\u9664 node \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\n            if (child === null) {\n                return null;\n            } else {\n                // \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 1 \uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5220\u9664 node\n                node = child;\n            }\n        } else {\n            // \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 2 \uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u7684\u4e0b\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u5220\u9664\uff0c\u5e76\u7528\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u66ff\u6362\u5f53\u524d\u8282\u70b9\n            let temp = node.right;\n            while (temp.left !== null) {\n                temp = temp.left;\n            }\n            node.right = this.removeHelper(node.right, temp.val);\n            node.val = temp.val;\n        }\n    }\n    this.updateHeight(node); // \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n    /* 2. \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861 */\n    node = this.rotate(node);\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    return node;\n}\n
    avl_tree.dart
    /* \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 */\nvoid remove(int val) {\n  root = removeHelper(root, val);\n}\n\n/* \u9012\u5f52\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u8f85\u52a9\u65b9\u6cd5\uff09 */\nTreeNode? removeHelper(TreeNode? node, int val) {\n  if (node == null) return null;\n  /* 1. \u67e5\u627e\u8282\u70b9\u5e76\u5220\u9664 */\n  if (val < node.val)\n    node.left = removeHelper(node.left, val);\n  else if (val > node.val)\n    node.right = removeHelper(node.right, val);\n  else {\n    if (node.left == null || node.right == null) {\n      TreeNode? child = node.left ?? node.right;\n      // \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 0 \uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5220\u9664 node \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\n      if (child == null)\n        return null;\n      // \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 1 \uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5220\u9664 node\n      else\n        node = child;\n    } else {\n      // \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 2 \uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u7684\u4e0b\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u5220\u9664\uff0c\u5e76\u7528\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u66ff\u6362\u5f53\u524d\u8282\u70b9\n      TreeNode? temp = node.right;\n      while (temp!.left != null) {\n        temp = temp.left;\n      }\n      node.right = removeHelper(node.right, temp.val);\n      node.val = temp.val;\n    }\n  }\n  updateHeight(node); // \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n  /* 2. \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861 */\n  node = rotate(node);\n  // \u8fd4\u56de\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n  return node;\n}\n
    avl_tree.rs
    /* \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 */\nfn remove(&self, val: i32) {\n    Self::remove_helper(self.root.clone(), val);\n}\n\n/* \u9012\u5f52\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u8f85\u52a9\u65b9\u6cd5\uff09 */\nfn remove_helper(node: OptionTreeNodeRc, val: i32) -> OptionTreeNodeRc {\n    match node {\n        Some(mut node) => {\n            /* 1. \u67e5\u627e\u8282\u70b9\u5e76\u5220\u9664 */\n            if val < node.borrow().val {\n                let left = node.borrow().left.clone();\n                node.borrow_mut().left = Self::remove_helper(left, val);\n            } else if val > node.borrow().val {\n                let right = node.borrow().right.clone();\n                node.borrow_mut().right = Self::remove_helper(right, val);\n            } else if node.borrow().left.is_none() || node.borrow().right.is_none() {\n                let child = if node.borrow().left.is_some() {\n                    node.borrow().left.clone()\n                } else {\n                    node.borrow().right.clone()\n                };\n                match child {\n                    // \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 0 \uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5220\u9664 node \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\n                    None => {\n                        return None;\n                    }\n                    // \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 1 \uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5220\u9664 node\n                    Some(child) => node = child,\n                }\n            } else {\n                // \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 2 \uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u7684\u4e0b\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u5220\u9664\uff0c\u5e76\u7528\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u66ff\u6362\u5f53\u524d\u8282\u70b9\n                let mut temp = node.borrow().right.clone().unwrap();\n                loop {\n                    let temp_left = temp.borrow().left.clone();\n                    if temp_left.is_none() {\n                        break;\n                    }\n                    temp = temp_left.unwrap();\n                }\n                let right = node.borrow().right.clone();\n                node.borrow_mut().right = Self::remove_helper(right, temp.borrow().val);\n                node.borrow_mut().val = temp.borrow().val;\n            }\n            Self::update_height(Some(node.clone())); // \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n            /* 2. \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861 */\n            node = Self::rotate(Some(node)).unwrap();\n            // \u8fd4\u56de\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n            Some(node)\n        }\n        None => None,\n    }\n}\n
    avl_tree.c
    /* \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 */\n// \u7531\u4e8e\u5f15\u5165\u4e86 stdio.h \uff0c\u6b64\u5904\u65e0\u6cd5\u4f7f\u7528 remove \u5173\u952e\u8bcd\nvoid removeItem(AVLTree *tree, int val) {\n    TreeNode *root = removeHelper(tree->root, val);\n}\n\n/* \u9012\u5f52\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u8f85\u52a9\u51fd\u6570\uff09 */\nTreeNode *removeHelper(TreeNode *node, int val) {\n    TreeNode *child, *grandChild;\n    if (node == NULL) {\n        return NULL;\n    }\n    /* 1. \u67e5\u627e\u8282\u70b9\u5e76\u5220\u9664 */\n    if (val < node->val) {\n        node->left = removeHelper(node->left, val);\n    } else if (val > node->val) {\n        node->right = removeHelper(node->right, val);\n    } else {\n        if (node->left == NULL || node->right == NULL) {\n            child = node->left;\n            if (node->right != NULL) {\n                child = node->right;\n            }\n            // \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 0 \uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5220\u9664 node \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\n            if (child == NULL) {\n                return NULL;\n            } else {\n                // \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 1 \uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5220\u9664 node\n                node = child;\n            }\n        } else {\n            // \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 2 \uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u7684\u4e0b\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u5220\u9664\uff0c\u5e76\u7528\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u66ff\u6362\u5f53\u524d\u8282\u70b9\n            TreeNode *temp = node->right;\n            while (temp->left != NULL) {\n                temp = temp->left;\n            }\n            int tempVal = temp->val;\n            node->right = removeHelper(node->right, temp->val);\n            node->val = tempVal;\n        }\n    }\n    // \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n    updateHeight(node);\n    /* 2. \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861 */\n    node = rotate(node);\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    return node;\n}\n
    avl_tree.zig
    // \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\nfn remove(self: *Self, val: T) void {\n   self.root = self.removeHelper(self.root, val).?;\n}\n\n// \u9012\u5f52\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u8f85\u52a9\u65b9\u6cd5\uff09\nfn removeHelper(self: *Self, node_: ?*inc.TreeNode(T), val: T) ?*inc.TreeNode(T) {\n    var node = node_;\n    if (node == null) return null;\n    // 1. \u67e5\u627e\u8282\u70b9\u5e76\u5220\u9664\n    if (val < node.?.val) {\n        node.?.left = self.removeHelper(node.?.left, val);\n    } else if (val > node.?.val) {\n        node.?.right = self.removeHelper(node.?.right, val);\n    } else {\n        if (node.?.left == null or node.?.right == null) {\n            var child = if (node.?.left != null) node.?.left else node.?.right;\n            // \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 0 \uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5220\u9664 node \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\n            if (child == null) {\n                return null;\n            // \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 1 \uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5220\u9664 node\n            } else {\n                node = child;\n            }\n        } else {\n            // \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 2 \uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u7684\u4e0b\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u5220\u9664\uff0c\u5e76\u7528\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u66ff\u6362\u5f53\u524d\u8282\u70b9\n            var temp = node.?.right;\n            while (temp.?.left != null) {\n                temp = temp.?.left;\n            }\n            node.?.right = self.removeHelper(node.?.right, temp.?.val);\n            node.?.val = temp.?.val;\n        }\n    }\n    self.updateHeight(node); // \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n    // 2. \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861\n    node = self.rotate(node);\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    return node;\n}\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_tree/avl_tree/#3_1","title":"3. \u00a0 \u67e5\u627e\u8282\u70b9","text":"

    AVL \u6811\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u67e5\u627e\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e0e\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u4e0d\u518d\u8d58\u8ff0\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_tree/avl_tree/#754-avl","title":"7.5.4 \u00a0 AVL \u6811\u5178\u578b\u5e94\u7528","text":"
    • \u7ec4\u7ec7\u548c\u5b58\u50a8\u5927\u578b\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u9ad8\u9891\u67e5\u627e\u3001\u4f4e\u9891\u589e\u5220\u7684\u573a\u666f\u3002
    • \u7528\u4e8e\u6784\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002
    • \u7ea2\u9ed1\u6811\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\u6bd4 AVL \u6811\u66f4\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u7ea2\u9ed1\u6811\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u6761\u4ef6\u76f8\u5bf9\u5bbd\u677e\uff0c\u5728\u7ea2\u9ed1\u6811\u4e2d\u63d2\u5165\u4e0e\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u6240\u9700\u7684\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u5c11\uff0c\u5176\u8282\u70b9\u589e\u5220\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u6548\u7387\u66f4\u9ad8\u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_tree/binary_search_tree/","title":"7.4 \u00a0 \u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811","text":"

    \u5982\u56fe 7-16 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u300c\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811 binary search tree\u300d\u6ee1\u8db3\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6761\u4ef6\u3002

    1. \u5bf9\u4e8e\u6839\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u503c \\(<\\) \u6839\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u503c \\(<\\) \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u503c\u3002
    2. \u4efb\u610f\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5de6\u3001\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e5f\u662f\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\uff0c\u5373\u540c\u6837\u6ee1\u8db3\u6761\u4ef6 1. \u3002

    \u56fe 7-16 \u00a0 \u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811

    "},{"location":"chapter_tree/binary_search_tree/#741","title":"7.4.1 \u00a0 \u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c","text":"

    \u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u5c01\u88c5\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b BinarySearchTree \uff0c\u5e76\u58f0\u660e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6210\u5458\u53d8\u91cf root \uff0c\u6307\u5411\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_tree/binary_search_tree/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u67e5\u627e\u8282\u70b9","text":"

    \u7ed9\u5b9a\u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\u503c num \uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u6765\u67e5\u627e\u3002\u5982\u56fe 7-17 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u58f0\u660e\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9 cur \uff0c\u4ece\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9 root \u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u5faa\u73af\u6bd4\u8f83\u8282\u70b9\u503c cur.val \u548c num \u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u5173\u7cfb\u3002

    • \u82e5 cur.val < num \uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6267\u884c cur = cur.right \u3002
    • \u82e5 cur.val > num \uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6267\u884c cur = cur.left \u3002
    • \u82e5 cur.val = num \uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u3002
    <1><2><3><4>

    \u56fe 7-17 \u00a0 \u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u67e5\u627e\u8282\u70b9\u793a\u4f8b

    \u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u7684\u67e5\u627e\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e0e\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u6bcf\u8f6e\u6392\u9664\u4e00\u534a\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u5faa\u73af\u6b21\u6570\u6700\u591a\u4e3a\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\uff0c\u5f53\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u5e73\u8861\u65f6\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(\\log n)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig binary_search_tree.py
    def search(self, num: int) -> TreeNode | None:\n    \"\"\"\u67e5\u627e\u8282\u70b9\"\"\"\n    cur = self._root\n    # \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\n    while cur is not None:\n        # \u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n        if cur.val < num:\n            cur = cur.right\n        # \u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n        elif cur.val > num:\n            cur = cur.left\n        # \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\n        else:\n            break\n    return cur\n
    binary_search_tree.cpp
    /* \u67e5\u627e\u8282\u70b9 */\nTreeNode *search(int num) {\n    TreeNode *cur = root;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\n    while (cur != nullptr) {\n        // \u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n        if (cur->val < num)\n            cur = cur->right;\n        // \u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n        else if (cur->val > num)\n            cur = cur->left;\n        // \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\n        else\n            break;\n    }\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\n    return cur;\n}\n
    binary_search_tree.java
    /* \u67e5\u627e\u8282\u70b9 */\nTreeNode search(int num) {\n    TreeNode cur = root;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\n    while (cur != null) {\n        // \u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n        if (cur.val < num)\n            cur = cur.right;\n        // \u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n        else if (cur.val > num)\n            cur = cur.left;\n        // \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\n        else\n            break;\n    }\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\n    return cur;\n}\n
    binary_search_tree.cs
    /* \u67e5\u627e\u8282\u70b9 */\nTreeNode? Search(int num) {\n    TreeNode? cur = root;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\n    while (cur != null) {\n        // \u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n        if (cur.val < num) cur =\n            cur.right;\n        // \u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n        else if (cur.val > num)\n            cur = cur.left;\n        // \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\n        else\n            break;\n    }\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\n    return cur;\n}\n
    binary_search_tree.go
    /* \u67e5\u627e\u8282\u70b9 */\nfunc (bst *binarySearchTree) search(num int) *TreeNode {\n    node := bst.root\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\n    for node != nil {\n        if node.Val.(int) < num {\n            // \u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n            node = node.Right\n        } else if node.Val.(int) > num {\n            // \u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n            node = node.Left\n        } else {\n            // \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\n            break\n        }\n    }\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\n    return node\n}\n
    binary_search_tree.swift
    /* \u67e5\u627e\u8282\u70b9 */\nfunc search(num: Int) -> TreeNode? {\n    var cur = root\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\n    while cur != nil {\n        // \u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n        if cur!.val < num {\n            cur = cur?.right\n        }\n        // \u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n        else if cur!.val > num {\n            cur = cur?.left\n        }\n        // \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\n        else {\n            break\n        }\n    }\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\n    return cur\n}\n
    binary_search_tree.js
    /* \u67e5\u627e\u8282\u70b9 */\nsearch(num) {\n    let cur = this.root;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\n    while (cur !== null) {\n        // \u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n        if (cur.val < num) cur = cur.right;\n        // \u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n        else if (cur.val > num) cur = cur.left;\n        // \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\n        else break;\n    }\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\n    return cur;\n}\n
    binary_search_tree.ts
    /* \u67e5\u627e\u8282\u70b9 */\nsearch(num: number): TreeNode | null {\n    let cur = this.root;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\n    while (cur !== null) {\n        // \u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n        if (cur.val < num) cur = cur.right;\n        // \u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n        else if (cur.val > num) cur = cur.left;\n        // \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\n        else break;\n    }\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\n    return cur;\n}\n
    binary_search_tree.dart
    /* \u67e5\u627e\u8282\u70b9 */\nTreeNode? search(int _num) {\n  TreeNode? cur = _root;\n  // \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\n  while (cur != null) {\n    // \u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n    if (cur.val < _num)\n      cur = cur.right;\n    // \u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n    else if (cur.val > _num)\n      cur = cur.left;\n    // \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\n    else\n      break;\n  }\n  // \u8fd4\u56de\u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\n  return cur;\n}\n
    binary_search_tree.rs
    /* \u67e5\u627e\u8282\u70b9 */\npub fn search(&self, num: i32) -> OptionTreeNodeRc {\n    let mut cur = self.root.clone();\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\n    while let Some(node) = cur.clone() {\n        match num.cmp(&node.borrow().val) {\n            // \u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n            Ordering::Greater => cur = node.borrow().right.clone(),\n            // \u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n            Ordering::Less => cur = node.borrow().left.clone(),\n            // \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\n            Ordering::Equal => break,\n        }\n    }\n\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\n    cur\n}\n
    binary_search_tree.c
    /* \u67e5\u627e\u8282\u70b9 */\nTreeNode *search(BinarySearchTree *bst, int num) {\n    TreeNode *cur = bst->root;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\n    while (cur != NULL) {\n        if (cur->val < num) {\n            // \u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n            cur = cur->right;\n        } else if (cur->val > num) {\n            // \u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n            cur = cur->left;\n        } else {\n            // \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\n            break;\n        }\n    }\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\n    return cur;\n}\n
    binary_search_tree.zig
    // \u67e5\u627e\u8282\u70b9\nfn search(self: *Self, num: T) ?*inc.TreeNode(T) {\n    var cur = self.root;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\n    while (cur != null) {\n        // \u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n        if (cur.?.val < num) {\n            cur = cur.?.right;\n        // \u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n        } else if (cur.?.val > num) {\n            cur = cur.?.left;\n        // \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\n        } else {\n            break;\n        }\n    }\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\n    return cur;\n}\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_tree/binary_search_tree/#2","title":"2. \u00a0 \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9","text":"

    \u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f85\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20 num \uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u6301\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u201c\u5de6\u5b50\u6811 < \u6839\u8282\u70b9 < \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u201d\u7684\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u63d2\u5165\u64cd\u4f5c\u6d41\u7a0b\u5982\u56fe 7-18 \u6240\u793a\u3002

    1. \u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff1a\u4e0e\u67e5\u627e\u64cd\u4f5c\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u4ece\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u5f53\u524d\u8282\u70b9\u503c\u548c num \u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u5173\u7cfb\u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0b\u641c\u7d22\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u904d\u5386\u81f3 None \uff09\u65f6\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\u3002
    2. \u5728\u8be5\u4f4d\u7f6e\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\uff1a\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u8282\u70b9 num \uff0c\u5c06\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u7f6e\u4e8e None \u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002

    \u56fe 7-18 \u00a0 \u5728\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u4e2d\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9

    \u5728\u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e2d\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e24\u70b9\u3002

    • \u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u5b58\u5728\u91cd\u590d\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u5c06\u8fdd\u53cd\u5176\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u82e5\u5f85\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\u5728\u6811\u4e2d\u5df2\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u6267\u884c\u63d2\u5165\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\u3002
    • \u4e3a\u4e86\u5b9e\u73b0\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u501f\u52a9\u8282\u70b9 pre \u4fdd\u5b58\u4e0a\u4e00\u8f6e\u5faa\u73af\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u5728\u904d\u5386\u81f3 None \u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u5230\u5176\u7236\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5b8c\u6210\u8282\u70b9\u63d2\u5165\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002
    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig binary_search_tree.py
    def insert(self, num: int):\n    \"\"\"\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\"\"\"\n    # \u82e5\u6811\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    if self._root is None:\n        self._root = TreeNode(num)\n        return\n    # \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\n    cur, pre = self._root, None\n    while cur is not None:\n        # \u627e\u5230\u91cd\u590d\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n        if cur.val == num:\n            return\n        pre = cur\n        # \u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5728 cur \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n        if cur.val < num:\n            cur = cur.right\n        # \u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5728 cur \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n        else:\n            cur = cur.left\n    # \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\n    node = TreeNode(num)\n    if pre.val < num:\n        pre.right = node\n    else:\n        pre.left = node\n
    binary_search_tree.cpp
    /* \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 */\nvoid insert(int num) {\n    // \u82e5\u6811\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    if (root == nullptr) {\n        root = new TreeNode(num);\n        return;\n    }\n    TreeNode *cur = root, *pre = nullptr;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\n    while (cur != nullptr) {\n        // \u627e\u5230\u91cd\u590d\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n        if (cur->val == num)\n            return;\n        pre = cur;\n        // \u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5728 cur \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n        if (cur->val < num)\n            cur = cur->right;\n        // \u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5728 cur \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n        else\n            cur = cur->left;\n    }\n    // \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\n    TreeNode *node = new TreeNode(num);\n    if (pre->val < num)\n        pre->right = node;\n    else\n        pre->left = node;\n}\n
    binary_search_tree.java
    /* \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 */\nvoid insert(int num) {\n    // \u82e5\u6811\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    if (root == null) {\n        root = new TreeNode(num);\n        return;\n    }\n    TreeNode cur = root, pre = null;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\n    while (cur != null) {\n        // \u627e\u5230\u91cd\u590d\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n        if (cur.val == num)\n            return;\n        pre = cur;\n        // \u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5728 cur \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n        if (cur.val < num)\n            cur = cur.right;\n        // \u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5728 cur \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n        else\n            cur = cur.left;\n    }\n    // \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\n    TreeNode node = new TreeNode(num);\n    if (pre.val < num)\n        pre.right = node;\n    else\n        pre.left = node;\n}\n
    binary_search_tree.cs
    /* \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 */\nvoid Insert(int num) {\n    // \u82e5\u6811\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    if (root == null) {\n        root = new TreeNode(num);\n        return;\n    }\n    TreeNode? cur = root, pre = null;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\n    while (cur != null) {\n        // \u627e\u5230\u91cd\u590d\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n        if (cur.val == num)\n            return;\n        pre = cur;\n        // \u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5728 cur \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n        if (cur.val < num)\n            cur = cur.right;\n        // \u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5728 cur \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n        else\n            cur = cur.left;\n    }\n\n    // \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\n    TreeNode node = new(num);\n    if (pre != null) {\n        if (pre.val < num)\n            pre.right = node;\n        else\n            pre.left = node;\n    }\n}\n
    binary_search_tree.go
    /* \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 */\nfunc (bst *binarySearchTree) insert(num int) {\n    cur := bst.root\n    // \u82e5\u6811\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    if cur == nil {\n        bst.root = NewTreeNode(num)\n        return\n    }\n    // \u5f85\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u4f4d\u7f6e\n    var pre *TreeNode = nil\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\n    for cur != nil {\n        if cur.Val == num {\n            return\n        }\n        pre = cur\n        if cur.Val.(int) < num {\n            cur = cur.Right\n        } else {\n            cur = cur.Left\n        }\n    }\n    // \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\n    node := NewTreeNode(num)\n    if pre.Val.(int) < num {\n        pre.Right = node\n    } else {\n        pre.Left = node\n    }\n}\n
    binary_search_tree.swift
    /* \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 */\nfunc insert(num: Int) {\n    // \u82e5\u6811\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    if root == nil {\n        root = TreeNode(x: num)\n        return\n    }\n    var cur = root\n    var pre: TreeNode?\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\n    while cur != nil {\n        // \u627e\u5230\u91cd\u590d\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n        if cur!.val == num {\n            return\n        }\n        pre = cur\n        // \u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5728 cur \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n        if cur!.val < num {\n            cur = cur?.right\n        }\n        // \u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5728 cur \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n        else {\n            cur = cur?.left\n        }\n    }\n    // \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\n    let node = TreeNode(x: num)\n    if pre!.val < num {\n        pre?.right = node\n    } else {\n        pre?.left = node\n    }\n}\n
    binary_search_tree.js
    /* \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 */\ninsert(num) {\n    // \u82e5\u6811\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    if (this.root === null) {\n        this.root = new TreeNode(num);\n        return;\n    }\n    let cur = this.root,\n        pre = null;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\n    while (cur !== null) {\n        // \u627e\u5230\u91cd\u590d\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n        if (cur.val === num) return;\n        pre = cur;\n        // \u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5728 cur \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n        if (cur.val < num) cur = cur.right;\n        // \u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5728 cur \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n        else cur = cur.left;\n    }\n    // \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\n    const node = new TreeNode(num);\n    if (pre.val < num) pre.right = node;\n    else pre.left = node;\n}\n
    binary_search_tree.ts
    /* \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 */\ninsert(num: number): void {\n    // \u82e5\u6811\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    if (this.root === null) {\n        this.root = new TreeNode(num);\n        return;\n    }\n    let cur: TreeNode | null = this.root,\n        pre: TreeNode | null = null;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\n    while (cur !== null) {\n        // \u627e\u5230\u91cd\u590d\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n        if (cur.val === num) return;\n        pre = cur;\n        // \u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5728 cur \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n        if (cur.val < num) cur = cur.right;\n        // \u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5728 cur \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n        else cur = cur.left;\n    }\n    // \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\n    const node = new TreeNode(num);\n    if (pre!.val < num) pre!.right = node;\n    else pre!.left = node;\n}\n
    binary_search_tree.dart
    /* \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 */\nvoid insert(int _num) {\n  // \u82e5\u6811\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n  if (_root == null) {\n    _root = TreeNode(_num);\n    return;\n  }\n  TreeNode? cur = _root;\n  TreeNode? pre = null;\n  // \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\n  while (cur != null) {\n    // \u627e\u5230\u91cd\u590d\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n    if (cur.val == _num) return;\n    pre = cur;\n    // \u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5728 cur \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n    if (cur.val < _num)\n      cur = cur.right;\n    // \u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5728 cur \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n    else\n      cur = cur.left;\n  }\n  // \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\n  TreeNode? node = TreeNode(_num);\n  if (pre!.val < _num)\n    pre.right = node;\n  else\n    pre.left = node;\n}\n
    binary_search_tree.rs
    /* \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 */\npub fn insert(&mut self, num: i32) {\n    // \u82e5\u6811\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    if self.root.is_none() {\n        self.root = Some(TreeNode::new(num));\n        return;\n    }\n    let mut cur = self.root.clone();\n    let mut pre = None;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\n    while let Some(node) = cur.clone() {\n        match num.cmp(&node.borrow().val) {\n            // \u627e\u5230\u91cd\u590d\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n            Ordering::Equal => return,\n            // \u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5728 cur \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n            Ordering::Greater => {\n                pre = cur.clone();\n                cur = node.borrow().right.clone();\n            }\n            // \u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5728 cur \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n            Ordering::Less => {\n                pre = cur.clone();\n                cur = node.borrow().left.clone();\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    // \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\n    let pre = pre.unwrap();\n    let node = Some(TreeNode::new(num));\n    if num > pre.borrow().val {\n        pre.borrow_mut().right = node;\n    } else {\n        pre.borrow_mut().left = node;\n    }\n}\n
    binary_search_tree.c
    /* \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 */\nvoid insert(BinarySearchTree *bst, int num) {\n    // \u82e5\u6811\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    if (bst->root == NULL) {\n        bst->root = newTreeNode(num);\n        return;\n    }\n    TreeNode *cur = bst->root, *pre = NULL;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\n    while (cur != NULL) {\n        // \u627e\u5230\u91cd\u590d\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n        if (cur->val == num) {\n            return;\n        }\n        pre = cur;\n        if (cur->val < num) {\n            // \u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5728 cur \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n            cur = cur->right;\n        } else {\n            // \u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5728 cur \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n            cur = cur->left;\n        }\n    }\n    // \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\n    TreeNode *node = newTreeNode(num);\n    if (pre->val < num) {\n        pre->right = node;\n    } else {\n        pre->left = node;\n    }\n}\n
    binary_search_tree.zig
    // \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\nfn insert(self: *Self, num: T) !void {\n    // \u82e5\u6811\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    if (self.root == null) {\n        self.root = try self.mem_allocator.create(inc.TreeNode(T));\n        return;\n    }\n    var cur = self.root;\n    var pre: ?*inc.TreeNode(T) = null;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\n    while (cur != null) {\n        // \u627e\u5230\u91cd\u590d\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n        if (cur.?.val == num) return;\n        pre = cur;\n        // \u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5728 cur \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n        if (cur.?.val < num) {\n            cur = cur.?.right;\n        // \u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5728 cur \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n        } else {\n            cur = cur.?.left;\n        }\n    }\n    // \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\n    var node = try self.mem_allocator.create(inc.TreeNode(T));\n    node.init(num);\n    if (pre.?.val < num) {\n        pre.?.right = node;\n    } else {\n        pre.?.left = node;\n    }\n}\n

    \u4e0e\u67e5\u627e\u8282\u70b9\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(\\log n)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_tree/binary_search_tree/#3","title":"3. \u00a0 \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9","text":"

    \u5148\u5728\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u518d\u5c06\u5176\u5220\u9664\u3002\u4e0e\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5728\u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u7684\u201c\u5de6\u5b50\u6811 < \u6839\u8282\u70b9 < \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u201d\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u4ecd\u7136\u6ee1\u8db3\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6839\u636e\u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u5206 0\u30011 \u548c 2 \u4e09\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002

    \u5982\u56fe 7-19 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5f53\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(0\\) \u65f6\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u662f\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u5220\u9664\u3002

    \u56fe 7-19 \u00a0 \u5728\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u5ea6\u4e3a 0 \uff09

    \u5982\u56fe 7-20 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5f53\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(1\\) \u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u5176\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5373\u53ef\u3002

    \u56fe 7-20 \u00a0 \u5728\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \uff09

    \u5f53\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(2\\) \u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u6cd5\u76f4\u63a5\u5220\u9664\u5b83\uff0c\u800c\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u66ff\u6362\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u8981\u4fdd\u6301\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u201c\u5de6\u5b50\u6811 \\(<\\) \u6839\u8282\u70b9 \\(<\\) \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u201d\u7684\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8282\u70b9\u6216\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6700\u5927\u8282\u70b9\u3002

    \u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u9009\u62e9\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\uff09\uff0c\u5219\u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c\u6d41\u7a0b\u5982\u56fe 7-21 \u6240\u793a\u3002

    1. \u627e\u5230\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u5728\u201c\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\u201d\u4e2d\u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a tmp \u3002
    2. \u7528 tmp \u7684\u503c\u8986\u76d6\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u6811\u4e2d\u9012\u5f52\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 tmp \u3002
    <1><2><3><4>

    \u56fe 7-21 \u00a0 \u5728\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u5ea6\u4e3a 2 \uff09

    \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u64cd\u4f5c\u540c\u6837\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(\\log n)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u9700\u8981 \\(O(\\log n)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u83b7\u53d6\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u540e\u7ee7\u8282\u70b9\u9700\u8981 \\(O(\\log n)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig binary_search_tree.py
    def remove(self, num: int):\n    \"\"\"\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\"\"\"\n    # \u82e5\u6811\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u63d0\u524d\u8fd4\u56de\n    if self._root is None:\n        return\n    # \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\n    cur, pre = self._root, None\n    while cur is not None:\n        # \u627e\u5230\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\n        if cur.val == num:\n            break\n        pre = cur\n        # \u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n        if cur.val < num:\n            cur = cur.right\n        # \u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n        else:\n            cur = cur.left\n    # \u82e5\u65e0\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n    if cur is None:\n        return\n\n    # \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 0 or 1\n    if cur.left is None or cur.right is None:\n        # \u5f53\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 0 / 1 \u65f6\uff0c child = null / \u8be5\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\n        child = cur.left or cur.right\n        # \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 cur\n        if cur != self._root:\n            if pre.left == cur:\n                pre.left = child\n            else:\n                pre.right = child\n        else:\n            # \u82e5\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u4e3a\u6839\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5219\u91cd\u65b0\u6307\u5b9a\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n            self._root = child\n    # \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 2\n    else:\n        # \u83b7\u53d6\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u4e2d cur \u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\n        tmp: TreeNode = cur.right\n        while tmp.left is not None:\n            tmp = tmp.left\n        # \u9012\u5f52\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 tmp\n        self.remove(tmp.val)\n        # \u7528 tmp \u8986\u76d6 cur\n        cur.val = tmp.val\n
    binary_search_tree.cpp
    /* \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 */\nvoid remove(int num) {\n    // \u82e5\u6811\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u63d0\u524d\u8fd4\u56de\n    if (root == nullptr)\n        return;\n    TreeNode *cur = root, *pre = nullptr;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\n    while (cur != nullptr) {\n        // \u627e\u5230\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\n        if (cur->val == num)\n            break;\n        pre = cur;\n        // \u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n        if (cur->val < num)\n            cur = cur->right;\n        // \u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n        else\n            cur = cur->left;\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u65e0\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n    if (cur == nullptr)\n        return;\n    // \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 0 or 1\n    if (cur->left == nullptr || cur->right == nullptr) {\n        // \u5f53\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 0 / 1 \u65f6\uff0c child = nullptr / \u8be5\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\n        TreeNode *child = cur->left != nullptr ? cur->left : cur->right;\n        // \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 cur\n        if (cur != root) {\n            if (pre->left == cur)\n                pre->left = child;\n            else\n                pre->right = child;\n        } else {\n            // \u82e5\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u4e3a\u6839\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5219\u91cd\u65b0\u6307\u5b9a\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n            root = child;\n        }\n        // \u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\n        delete cur;\n    }\n    // \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 2\n    else {\n        // \u83b7\u53d6\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u4e2d cur \u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\n        TreeNode *tmp = cur->right;\n        while (tmp->left != nullptr) {\n            tmp = tmp->left;\n        }\n        int tmpVal = tmp->val;\n        // \u9012\u5f52\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 tmp\n        remove(tmp->val);\n        // \u7528 tmp \u8986\u76d6 cur\n        cur->val = tmpVal;\n    }\n}\n
    binary_search_tree.java
    /* \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 */\nvoid remove(int num) {\n    // \u82e5\u6811\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u63d0\u524d\u8fd4\u56de\n    if (root == null)\n        return;\n    TreeNode cur = root, pre = null;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\n    while (cur != null) {\n        // \u627e\u5230\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\n        if (cur.val == num)\n            break;\n        pre = cur;\n        // \u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n        if (cur.val < num)\n            cur = cur.right;\n        // \u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n        else\n            cur = cur.left;\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u65e0\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n    if (cur == null)\n        return;\n    // \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 0 or 1\n    if (cur.left == null || cur.right == null) {\n        // \u5f53\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 0 / 1 \u65f6\uff0c child = null / \u8be5\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\n        TreeNode child = cur.left != null ? cur.left : cur.right;\n        // \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 cur\n        if (cur != root) {\n            if (pre.left == cur)\n                pre.left = child;\n            else\n                pre.right = child;\n        } else {\n            // \u82e5\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u4e3a\u6839\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5219\u91cd\u65b0\u6307\u5b9a\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n            root = child;\n        }\n    }\n    // \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 2\n    else {\n        // \u83b7\u53d6\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u4e2d cur \u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\n        TreeNode tmp = cur.right;\n        while (tmp.left != null) {\n            tmp = tmp.left;\n        }\n        // \u9012\u5f52\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 tmp\n        remove(tmp.val);\n        // \u7528 tmp \u8986\u76d6 cur\n        cur.val = tmp.val;\n    }\n}\n
    binary_search_tree.cs
    /* \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 */\nvoid Remove(int num) {\n    // \u82e5\u6811\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u63d0\u524d\u8fd4\u56de\n    if (root == null)\n        return;\n    TreeNode? cur = root, pre = null;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\n    while (cur != null) {\n        // \u627e\u5230\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\n        if (cur.val == num)\n            break;\n        pre = cur;\n        // \u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n        if (cur.val < num)\n            cur = cur.right;\n        // \u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n        else\n            cur = cur.left;\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u65e0\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n    if (cur == null)\n        return;\n    // \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 0 or 1\n    if (cur.left == null || cur.right == null) {\n        // \u5f53\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 0 / 1 \u65f6\uff0c child = null / \u8be5\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\n        TreeNode? child = cur.left ?? cur.right;\n        // \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 cur\n        if (cur != root) {\n            if (pre!.left == cur)\n                pre.left = child;\n            else\n                pre.right = child;\n        } else {\n            // \u82e5\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u4e3a\u6839\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5219\u91cd\u65b0\u6307\u5b9a\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n            root = child;\n        }\n    }\n    // \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 2\n    else {\n        // \u83b7\u53d6\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u4e2d cur \u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\n        TreeNode? tmp = cur.right;\n        while (tmp.left != null) {\n            tmp = tmp.left;\n        }\n        // \u9012\u5f52\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 tmp\n        Remove(tmp.val!.Value);\n        // \u7528 tmp \u8986\u76d6 cur\n        cur.val = tmp.val;\n    }\n}\n
    binary_search_tree.go
    /* \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 */\nfunc (bst *binarySearchTree) remove(num int) {\n    cur := bst.root\n    // \u82e5\u6811\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u63d0\u524d\u8fd4\u56de\n    if cur == nil {\n        return\n    }\n    // \u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u4f4d\u7f6e\n    var pre *TreeNode = nil\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\n    for cur != nil {\n        if cur.Val == num {\n            break\n        }\n        pre = cur\n        if cur.Val.(int) < num {\n            // \u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u5728\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n            cur = cur.Right\n        } else {\n            // \u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u5728\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n            cur = cur.Left\n        }\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u65e0\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n    if cur == nil {\n        return\n    }\n    // \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u4e3a 0 \u6216 1\n    if cur.Left == nil || cur.Right == nil {\n        var child *TreeNode = nil\n        // \u53d6\u51fa\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\n        if cur.Left != nil {\n            child = cur.Left\n        } else {\n            child = cur.Right\n        }\n        // \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 cur\n        if cur != bst.root {\n            if pre.Left == cur {\n                pre.Left = child\n            } else {\n                pre.Right = child\n            }\n        } else {\n            // \u82e5\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u4e3a\u6839\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5219\u91cd\u65b0\u6307\u5b9a\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n            bst.root = child\n        }\n        // \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u4e3a 2\n    } else {\n        // \u83b7\u53d6\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u4e2d\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 cur \u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\n        tmp := cur.Right\n        for tmp.Left != nil {\n            tmp = tmp.Left\n        }\n        // \u9012\u5f52\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 tmp\n        bst.remove(tmp.Val.(int))\n        // \u7528 tmp \u8986\u76d6 cur\n        cur.Val = tmp.Val\n    }\n}\n
    binary_search_tree.swift
    /* \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 */\nfunc remove(num: Int) {\n    // \u82e5\u6811\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u63d0\u524d\u8fd4\u56de\n    if root == nil {\n        return\n    }\n    var cur = root\n    var pre: TreeNode?\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\n    while cur != nil {\n        // \u627e\u5230\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\n        if cur!.val == num {\n            break\n        }\n        pre = cur\n        // \u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n        if cur!.val < num {\n            cur = cur?.right\n        }\n        // \u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n        else {\n            cur = cur?.left\n        }\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u65e0\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n    if cur == nil {\n        return\n    }\n    // \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 0 or 1\n    if cur?.left == nil || cur?.right == nil {\n        // \u5f53\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 0 / 1 \u65f6\uff0c child = null / \u8be5\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\n        let child = cur?.left != nil ? cur?.left : cur?.right\n        // \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 cur\n        if cur !== root {\n            if pre?.left === cur {\n                pre?.left = child\n            } else {\n                pre?.right = child\n            }\n        } else {\n            // \u82e5\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u4e3a\u6839\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5219\u91cd\u65b0\u6307\u5b9a\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n            root = child\n        }\n    }\n    // \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 2\n    else {\n        // \u83b7\u53d6\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u4e2d cur \u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\n        var tmp = cur?.right\n        while tmp?.left != nil {\n            tmp = tmp?.left\n        }\n        // \u9012\u5f52\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 tmp\n        remove(num: tmp!.val)\n        // \u7528 tmp \u8986\u76d6 cur\n        cur?.val = tmp!.val\n    }\n}\n
    binary_search_tree.js
    /* \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 */\nremove(num) {\n    // \u82e5\u6811\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u63d0\u524d\u8fd4\u56de\n    if (this.root === null) return;\n    let cur = this.root,\n        pre = null;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\n    while (cur !== null) {\n        // \u627e\u5230\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\n        if (cur.val === num) break;\n        pre = cur;\n        // \u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n        if (cur.val < num) cur = cur.right;\n        // \u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n        else cur = cur.left;\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u65e0\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n    if (cur === null) return;\n    // \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 0 or 1\n    if (cur.left === null || cur.right === null) {\n        // \u5f53\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 0 / 1 \u65f6\uff0c child = null / \u8be5\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\n        const child = cur.left !== null ? cur.left : cur.right;\n        // \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 cur\n        if (cur !== this.root) {\n            if (pre.left === cur) pre.left = child;\n            else pre.right = child;\n        } else {\n            // \u82e5\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u4e3a\u6839\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5219\u91cd\u65b0\u6307\u5b9a\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n            this.root = child;\n        }\n    }\n    // \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 2\n    else {\n        // \u83b7\u53d6\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u4e2d cur \u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\n        let tmp = cur.right;\n        while (tmp.left !== null) {\n            tmp = tmp.left;\n        }\n        // \u9012\u5f52\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 tmp\n        this.remove(tmp.val);\n        // \u7528 tmp \u8986\u76d6 cur\n        cur.val = tmp.val;\n    }\n}\n
    binary_search_tree.ts
    /* \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 */\nremove(num: number): void {\n    // \u82e5\u6811\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u63d0\u524d\u8fd4\u56de\n    if (this.root === null) return;\n    let cur: TreeNode | null = this.root,\n        pre: TreeNode | null = null;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\n    while (cur !== null) {\n        // \u627e\u5230\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\n        if (cur.val === num) break;\n        pre = cur;\n        // \u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n        if (cur.val < num) cur = cur.right;\n        // \u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n        else cur = cur.left;\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u65e0\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n    if (cur === null) return;\n    // \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 0 or 1\n    if (cur.left === null || cur.right === null) {\n        // \u5f53\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 0 / 1 \u65f6\uff0c child = null / \u8be5\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\n        const child: TreeNode | null =\n            cur.left !== null ? cur.left : cur.right;\n        // \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 cur\n        if (cur !== this.root) {\n            if (pre!.left === cur) pre!.left = child;\n            else pre!.right = child;\n        } else {\n            // \u82e5\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u4e3a\u6839\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5219\u91cd\u65b0\u6307\u5b9a\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n            this.root = child;\n        }\n    }\n    // \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 2\n    else {\n        // \u83b7\u53d6\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u4e2d cur \u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\n        let tmp: TreeNode | null = cur.right;\n        while (tmp!.left !== null) {\n            tmp = tmp!.left;\n        }\n        // \u9012\u5f52\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 tmp\n        this.remove(tmp!.val);\n        // \u7528 tmp \u8986\u76d6 cur\n        cur.val = tmp!.val;\n    }\n}\n
    binary_search_tree.dart
    /* \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 */\nvoid remove(int _num) {\n  // \u82e5\u6811\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u63d0\u524d\u8fd4\u56de\n  if (_root == null) return;\n  TreeNode? cur = _root;\n  TreeNode? pre = null;\n  // \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\n  while (cur != null) {\n    // \u627e\u5230\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\n    if (cur.val == _num) break;\n    pre = cur;\n    // \u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n    if (cur.val < _num)\n      cur = cur.right;\n    // \u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n    else\n      cur = cur.left;\n  }\n  // \u82e5\u65e0\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n  if (cur == null) return;\n  // \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 0 or 1\n  if (cur.left == null || cur.right == null) {\n    // \u5f53\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 0 / 1 \u65f6\uff0c child = null / \u8be5\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\n    TreeNode? child = cur.left ?? cur.right;\n    // \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 cur\n    if (cur != _root) {\n      if (pre!.left == cur)\n        pre.left = child;\n      else\n        pre.right = child;\n    } else {\n      // \u82e5\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u4e3a\u6839\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5219\u91cd\u65b0\u6307\u5b9a\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n      _root = child;\n    }\n  } else {\n    // \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 2\n    // \u83b7\u53d6\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u4e2d cur \u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\n    TreeNode? tmp = cur.right;\n    while (tmp!.left != null) {\n      tmp = tmp.left;\n    }\n    // \u9012\u5f52\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 tmp\n    remove(tmp.val);\n    // \u7528 tmp \u8986\u76d6 cur\n    cur.val = tmp.val;\n  }\n}\n
    binary_search_tree.rs
    /* \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 */\npub fn remove(&mut self, num: i32) {\n    // \u82e5\u6811\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u63d0\u524d\u8fd4\u56de\n    if self.root.is_none() { \n        return; \n    }\n    let mut cur = self.root.clone();\n    let mut pre = None;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\n    while let Some(node) = cur.clone() {\n        match num.cmp(&node.borrow().val) {\n            // \u627e\u5230\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\n            Ordering::Equal => break,\n            // \u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n            Ordering::Greater => {\n                pre = cur.clone();\n                cur = node.borrow().right.clone();\n            }\n            // \u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n            Ordering::Less => {\n                pre = cur.clone();\n                cur = node.borrow().left.clone();\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u65e0\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n    if cur.is_none() {\n        return;\n    }\n    let cur = cur.unwrap();\n    let (left_child, right_child) = (cur.borrow().left.clone(), cur.borrow().right.clone());\n    match (left_child.clone(), right_child.clone()) {\n        // \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 0 or 1\n        (None, None) | (Some(_), None) | (None, Some(_)) => {\n            // \u5f53\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 0 / 1 \u65f6\uff0c child = nullptr / \u8be5\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\n            let child = left_child.or(right_child);\n            let pre = pre.unwrap();\n            // \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 cur\n            if !Rc::ptr_eq(&cur, self.root.as_ref().unwrap()) {\n                let left = pre.borrow().left.clone();\n                if left.is_some() && Rc::ptr_eq(&left.as_ref().unwrap(), &cur) {\n                    pre.borrow_mut().left = child;\n                } else {\n                    pre.borrow_mut().right = child;\n                }\n            } else {\n                // \u82e5\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u4e3a\u6839\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5219\u91cd\u65b0\u6307\u5b9a\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n                self.root = child;\n            }\n        }\n        // \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 2\n        (Some(_), Some(_)) => {\n            // \u83b7\u53d6\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u4e2d cur \u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\n            let mut tmp = cur.borrow().right.clone();\n            while let Some(node) = tmp.clone() {\n                if node.borrow().left.is_some() {\n                    tmp = node.borrow().left.clone();\n                } else {\n                    break;\n                }\n            }\n            let tmpval = tmp.unwrap().borrow().val;\n            // \u9012\u5f52\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 tmp\n            self.remove(tmpval);\n            // \u7528 tmp \u8986\u76d6 cur\n            cur.borrow_mut().val = tmpval;\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    binary_search_tree.c
    /* \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 */\n// \u7531\u4e8e\u5f15\u5165\u4e86 stdio.h \uff0c\u6b64\u5904\u65e0\u6cd5\u4f7f\u7528 remove \u5173\u952e\u8bcd\nvoid removeItem(BinarySearchTree *bst, int num) {\n    // \u82e5\u6811\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u63d0\u524d\u8fd4\u56de\n    if (bst->root == NULL)\n        return;\n    TreeNode *cur = bst->root, *pre = NULL;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\n    while (cur != NULL) {\n        // \u627e\u5230\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\n        if (cur->val == num)\n            break;\n        pre = cur;\n        if (cur->val < num) {\n            // \u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u5728 root \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n            cur = cur->right;\n        } else {\n            // \u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u5728 root \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n            cur = cur->left;\n        }\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u65e0\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n    if (cur == NULL)\n        return;\n    // \u5224\u65ad\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\n    if (cur->left == NULL || cur->right == NULL) {\n        /* \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 0 or 1 */\n        // \u5f53\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 0 / 1 \u65f6\uff0c child = nullptr / \u8be5\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\n        TreeNode *child = cur->left != NULL ? cur->left : cur->right;\n        // \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 cur\n        if (pre->left == cur) {\n            pre->left = child;\n        } else {\n            pre->right = child;\n        }\n    } else {\n        /* \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 2 */\n        // \u83b7\u53d6\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u4e2d cur \u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\n        TreeNode *tmp = cur->right;\n        while (tmp->left != NULL) {\n            tmp = tmp->left;\n        }\n        int tmpVal = tmp->val;\n        // \u9012\u5f52\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 tmp\n        removeItem(bst, tmp->val);\n        // \u7528 tmp \u8986\u76d6 cur\n        cur->val = tmpVal;\n    }\n}\n
    binary_search_tree.zig
    // \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\nfn remove(self: *Self, num: T) void {\n    // \u82e5\u6811\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u63d0\u524d\u8fd4\u56de\n    if (self.root == null) return;\n    var cur = self.root;\n    var pre: ?*inc.TreeNode(T) = null;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\n    while (cur != null) {\n        // \u627e\u5230\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\n        if (cur.?.val == num) break;\n        pre = cur;\n        // \u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n        if (cur.?.val < num) {\n            cur = cur.?.right;\n        // \u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n        } else {\n            cur = cur.?.left;\n        }\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u65e0\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n    if (cur == null) return;\n    // \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 0 or 1\n    if (cur.?.left == null or cur.?.right == null) {\n        // \u5f53\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 0 / 1 \u65f6\uff0c child = null / \u8be5\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\n        var child = if (cur.?.left != null) cur.?.left else cur.?.right;\n        // \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 cur\n        if (pre.?.left == cur) {\n            pre.?.left = child;\n        } else {\n            pre.?.right = child;\n        }\n    // \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 2\n    } else {\n        // \u83b7\u53d6\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u4e2d cur \u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\n        var tmp = cur.?.right;\n        while (tmp.?.left != null) {\n            tmp = tmp.?.left;\n        }\n        var tmp_val = tmp.?.val;\n        // \u9012\u5f52\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 tmp\n        self.remove(tmp.?.val);\n        // \u7528 tmp \u8986\u76d6 cur\n        cur.?.val = tmp_val;\n    }\n}\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_tree/binary_search_tree/#4","title":"4. \u00a0 \u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u6709\u5e8f","text":"

    \u5982\u56fe 7-22 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u9075\u5faa\u201c\u5de6 \\(\\rightarrow\\) \u6839 \\(\\rightarrow\\) \u53f3\u201d\u7684\u904d\u5386\u987a\u5e8f\uff0c\u800c\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u6ee1\u8db3\u201c\u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9 \\(<\\) \u6839\u8282\u70b9 \\(<\\) \u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u201d\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u5173\u7cfb\u3002

    \u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5728\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u65f6\uff0c\u603b\u662f\u4f1a\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u6700\u5c0f\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f97\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u8d28\uff1a\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u7684\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\u662f\u5347\u5e8f\u7684\u3002

    \u5229\u7528\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u5347\u5e8f\u7684\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u4e2d\u83b7\u53d6\u6709\u5e8f\u6570\u636e\u4ec5\u9700 \\(O(n)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u65e0\u987b\u8fdb\u884c\u989d\u5916\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u9ad8\u6548\u3002

    \u56fe 7-22 \u00a0 \u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u7684\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217

    "},{"location":"chapter_tree/binary_search_tree/#742","title":"7.4.2 \u00a0 \u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u7684\u6548\u7387","text":"

    \u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u7ec4\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8003\u8651\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u7ec4\u6216\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u5b58\u50a8\u3002\u89c2\u5bdf\u8868 7-2 \uff0c\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u7684\u5404\u9879\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u90fd\u662f\u5bf9\u6570\u9636\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u7a33\u5b9a\u4e14\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u9ad8\u9891\u6dfb\u52a0\u3001\u4f4e\u9891\u67e5\u627e\u5220\u9664\u6570\u636e\u7684\u573a\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u6570\u7ec4\u6bd4\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u7684\u6548\u7387\u66f4\u9ad8\u3002

    \u8868 7-2 \u00a0 \u6570\u7ec4\u4e0e\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u7684\u6548\u7387\u5bf9\u6bd4

    \u65e0\u5e8f\u6570\u7ec4 \u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811 \u67e5\u627e\u5143\u7d20 \\(O(n)\\) \\(O(\\log n)\\) \u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20 \\(O(1)\\) \\(O(\\log n)\\) \u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20 \\(O(n)\\) \\(O(\\log n)\\)

    \u5728\u7406\u60f3\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u662f\u201c\u5e73\u8861\u201d\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728 \\(\\log n\\) \u8f6e\u5faa\u73af\u5185\u67e5\u627e\u4efb\u610f\u8282\u70b9\u3002

    \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u4e2d\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u63d2\u5165\u548c\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u9000\u5316\u4e3a\u56fe 7-23 \u6240\u793a\u7684\u94fe\u8868\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u5404\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e5f\u4f1a\u9000\u5316\u4e3a \\(O(n)\\) \u3002

    \u56fe 7-23 \u00a0 \u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u9000\u5316

    "},{"location":"chapter_tree/binary_search_tree/#743","title":"7.4.3 \u00a0 \u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u5e38\u89c1\u5e94\u7528","text":"
    • \u7528\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u591a\u7ea7\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u67e5\u627e\u3001\u63d2\u5165\u3001\u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002
    • \u4f5c\u4e3a\u67d0\u4e9b\u641c\u7d22\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u5e95\u5c42\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u3002
    • \u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u6570\u636e\u6d41\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fdd\u6301\u5176\u6709\u5e8f\u72b6\u6001\u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_tree/binary_tree/","title":"7.1 \u00a0 \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811","text":"

    \u300c\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811 binary tree\u300d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u201c\u7956\u5148\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u540e\u4ee3\u201d\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6d3e\u751f\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u201c\u4e00\u5206\u4e3a\u4e8c\u201d\u7684\u5206\u6cbb\u903b\u8f91\u3002\u4e0e\u94fe\u8868\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5355\u5143\u662f\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u5305\u542b\u503c\u3001\u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528\u3002

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig 
    class TreeNode:\n    \"\"\"\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b\"\"\"\n    def __init__(self, val: int):\n        self.val: int = val                # \u8282\u70b9\u503c\n        self.left: TreeNode | None = None  # \u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528\n        self.right: TreeNode | None = None # \u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528\n
    /* \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u8282\u70b9\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53 */\nstruct TreeNode {\n    int val;          // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\n    TreeNode *left;   // \u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6307\u9488\n    TreeNode *right;  // \u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6307\u9488\n    TreeNode(int x) : val(x), left(nullptr), right(nullptr) {}\n};\n
    /* \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b */\nclass TreeNode {\n    int val;         // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\n    TreeNode left;   // \u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528\n    TreeNode right;  // \u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528\n    TreeNode(int x) { val = x; }\n}\n
    /* \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b */\nclass TreeNode(int? x) {\n    public int? val = x;    // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\n    public TreeNode? left;  // \u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528\n    public TreeNode? right; // \u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528\n}\n
    /* \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u8282\u70b9\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53 */\ntype TreeNode struct {\n    Val   int\n    Left  *TreeNode\n    Right *TreeNode\n}\n/* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\nfunc NewTreeNode(v int) *TreeNode {\n    return &TreeNode{\n        Left:  nil, // \u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6307\u9488\n        Right: nil, // \u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6307\u9488\n        Val:   v,   // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\n    }\n}\n
    /* \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b */\nclass TreeNode {\n    var val: Int // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\n    var left: TreeNode? // \u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528\n    var right: TreeNode? // \u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528\n\n    init(x: Int) {\n        val = x\n    }\n}\n
    /* \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b */\nclass TreeNode {\n    val; // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\n    left; // \u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6307\u9488\n    right; // \u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6307\u9488\n    constructor(val, left, right) {\n        this.val = val === undefined ? 0 : val;\n        this.left = left === undefined ? null : left;\n        this.right = right === undefined ? null : right;\n    }\n}\n
    /* \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b */\nclass TreeNode {\n    val: number;\n    left: TreeNode | null;\n    right: TreeNode | null;\n\n    constructor(val?: number, left?: TreeNode | null, right?: TreeNode | null) {\n        this.val = val === undefined ? 0 : val; // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\n        this.left = left === undefined ? null : left; // \u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528\n        this.right = right === undefined ? null : right; // \u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528\n    }\n}\n
    /* \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b */\nclass TreeNode {\n  int val;         // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\n  TreeNode? left;  // \u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528\n  TreeNode? right; // \u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528\n  TreeNode(this.val, [this.left, this.right]);\n}\n
    use std::rc::Rc;\nuse std::cell::RefCell;\n\n/* \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u8282\u70b9\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53 */\nstruct TreeNode {\n    val: i32,                               // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\n    left: Option<Rc<RefCell<TreeNode>>>,    // \u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528\n    right: Option<Rc<RefCell<TreeNode>>>,   // \u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528\n}\n\nimpl TreeNode {\n    /* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\n    fn new(val: i32) -> Rc<RefCell<Self>> {\n        Rc::new(RefCell::new(Self {\n            val,\n            left: None,\n            right: None\n        }))\n    }\n}\n
    /* \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u8282\u70b9\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53 */\ntypedef struct TreeNode {\n    int val;                // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\n    int height;             // \u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n    struct TreeNode *left;  // \u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6307\u9488\n    struct TreeNode *right; // \u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6307\u9488\n} TreeNode;\n\n/* \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570 */\nTreeNode *newTreeNode(int val) {\n    TreeNode *node;\n\n    node = (TreeNode *)malloc(sizeof(TreeNode));\n    node->val = val;\n    node->height = 0;\n    node->left = NULL;\n    node->right = NULL;\n    return node;\n}\n
    \n

    \u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u5f15\u7528\uff08\u6307\u9488\uff09\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u300c\u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9 left-child node\u300d\u548c\u300c\u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9 right-child node\u300d\uff0c\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u300c\u7236\u8282\u70b9 parent node\u300d\u3002\u5f53\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u53ca\u5176\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8282\u70b9\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u6811\u79f0\u4e3a\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u300c\u5de6\u5b50\u6811 left subtree\u300d\uff0c\u540c\u7406\u53ef\u5f97\u300c\u53f3\u5b50\u6811 right subtree\u300d\u3002

    \u5728\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u4e2d\uff0c\u9664\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u5916\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u5305\u542b\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u548c\u975e\u7a7a\u5b50\u6811\u3002\u5982\u56fe 7-1 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5c06\u201c\u8282\u70b9 2\u201d\u89c6\u4e3a\u7236\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5219\u5176\u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5206\u522b\u662f\u201c\u8282\u70b9 4\u201d\u548c\u201c\u8282\u70b9 5\u201d\uff0c\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u662f\u201c\u8282\u70b9 4 \u53ca\u5176\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8282\u70b9\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u6811\u201d\uff0c\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u662f\u201c\u8282\u70b9 5 \u53ca\u5176\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8282\u70b9\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u6811\u201d\u3002

    \u56fe 7-1 \u00a0 \u7236\u8282\u70b9\u3001\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u3001\u5b50\u6811

    "},{"location":"chapter_tree/binary_tree/#711","title":"7.1.1 \u00a0 \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u5e38\u89c1\u672f\u8bed","text":"

    \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u5e38\u7528\u672f\u8bed\u5982\u56fe 7-2 \u6240\u793a\u3002

    • \u300c\u6839\u8282\u70b9 root node\u300d\uff1a\u4f4d\u4e8e\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u9876\u5c42\u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u3002
    • \u300c\u53f6\u8282\u70b9 leaf node\u300d\uff1a\u6ca1\u6709\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5176\u4e24\u4e2a\u6307\u9488\u5747\u6307\u5411 None \u3002
    • \u300c\u8fb9 edge\u300d\uff1a\u8fde\u63a5\u4e24\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7ebf\u6bb5\uff0c\u5373\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528\uff08\u6307\u9488\uff09\u3002
    • \u8282\u70b9\u6240\u5728\u7684\u300c\u5c42 level\u300d\uff1a\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u9012\u589e\uff0c\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u6240\u5728\u5c42\u4e3a 1 \u3002
    • \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u300c\u5ea6 degree\u300d\uff1a\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u3002\u5728\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u4e2d\uff0c\u5ea6\u7684\u53d6\u503c\u8303\u56f4\u662f 0\u30011\u30012 \u3002
    • \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u300c\u9ad8\u5ea6 height\u300d\uff1a\u4ece\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u5230\u6700\u8fdc\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u6240\u7ecf\u8fc7\u7684\u8fb9\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u3002
    • \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u300c\u6df1\u5ea6 depth\u300d\uff1a\u4ece\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u5230\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u6240\u7ecf\u8fc7\u7684\u8fb9\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u3002
    • \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u300c\u9ad8\u5ea6 height\u300d\uff1a\u4ece\u8ddd\u79bb\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u6700\u8fdc\u7684\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u5230\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u6240\u7ecf\u8fc7\u7684\u8fb9\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u3002

    \u56fe 7-2 \u00a0 \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u5e38\u7528\u672f\u8bed

    Tip

    \u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u5c06\u201c\u9ad8\u5ea6\u201d\u548c\u201c\u6df1\u5ea6\u201d\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u201c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u7684\u8fb9\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u6709\u4e9b\u9898\u76ee\u6216\u6559\u6750\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5c06\u5176\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u201c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u201d\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u9ad8\u5ea6\u548c\u6df1\u5ea6\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u52a0 1 \u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_tree/binary_tree/#712","title":"7.1.2 \u00a0 \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u57fa\u672c\u64cd\u4f5c","text":""},{"location":"chapter_tree/binary_tree/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811","text":"

    \u4e0e\u94fe\u8868\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u6784\u5efa\u5f15\u7528\uff08\u6307\u9488\uff09\u3002

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig binary_tree.py
    # \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\n# \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u8282\u70b9\nn1 = TreeNode(val=1)\nn2 = TreeNode(val=2)\nn3 = TreeNode(val=3)\nn4 = TreeNode(val=4)\nn5 = TreeNode(val=5)\n# \u6784\u5efa\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5f15\u7528\uff08\u6307\u9488\uff09\nn1.left = n2\nn1.right = n3\nn2.left = n4\nn2.right = n5\n
    binary_tree.cpp
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811 */\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u8282\u70b9\nTreeNode* n1 = new TreeNode(1);\nTreeNode* n2 = new TreeNode(2);\nTreeNode* n3 = new TreeNode(3);\nTreeNode* n4 = new TreeNode(4);\nTreeNode* n5 = new TreeNode(5);\n// \u6784\u5efa\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5f15\u7528\uff08\u6307\u9488\uff09\nn1->left = n2;\nn1->right = n3;\nn2->left = n4;\nn2->right = n5;\n
    binary_tree.java
    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u8282\u70b9\nTreeNode n1 = new TreeNode(1);\nTreeNode n2 = new TreeNode(2);\nTreeNode n3 = new TreeNode(3);\nTreeNode n4 = new TreeNode(4);\nTreeNode n5 = new TreeNode(5);\n// \u6784\u5efa\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5f15\u7528\uff08\u6307\u9488\uff09\nn1.left = n2;\nn1.right = n3;\nn2.left = n4;\nn2.right = n5;\n
    binary_tree.cs
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811 */\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u8282\u70b9\nTreeNode n1 = new(1);\nTreeNode n2 = new(2);\nTreeNode n3 = new(3);\nTreeNode n4 = new(4);\nTreeNode n5 = new(5);\n// \u6784\u5efa\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5f15\u7528\uff08\u6307\u9488\uff09\nn1.left = n2;\nn1.right = n3;\nn2.left = n4;\nn2.right = n5;\n
    binary_tree.go
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811 */\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u8282\u70b9\nn1 := NewTreeNode(1)\nn2 := NewTreeNode(2)\nn3 := NewTreeNode(3)\nn4 := NewTreeNode(4)\nn5 := NewTreeNode(5)\n// \u6784\u5efa\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5f15\u7528\uff08\u6307\u9488\uff09\nn1.Left = n2\nn1.Right = n3\nn2.Left = n4\nn2.Right = n5\n
    binary_tree.swift
    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u8282\u70b9\nlet n1 = TreeNode(x: 1)\nlet n2 = TreeNode(x: 2)\nlet n3 = TreeNode(x: 3)\nlet n4 = TreeNode(x: 4)\nlet n5 = TreeNode(x: 5)\n// \u6784\u5efa\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5f15\u7528\uff08\u6307\u9488\uff09\nn1.left = n2\nn1.right = n3\nn2.left = n4\nn2.right = n5\n
    binary_tree.js
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811 */\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u8282\u70b9\nlet n1 = new TreeNode(1),\n    n2 = new TreeNode(2),\n    n3 = new TreeNode(3),\n    n4 = new TreeNode(4),\n    n5 = new TreeNode(5);\n// \u6784\u5efa\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5f15\u7528\uff08\u6307\u9488\uff09\nn1.left = n2;\nn1.right = n3;\nn2.left = n4;\nn2.right = n5;\n
    binary_tree.ts
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811 */\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u8282\u70b9\nlet n1 = new TreeNode(1),\n    n2 = new TreeNode(2),\n    n3 = new TreeNode(3),\n    n4 = new TreeNode(4),\n    n5 = new TreeNode(5);\n// \u6784\u5efa\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5f15\u7528\uff08\u6307\u9488\uff09\nn1.left = n2;\nn1.right = n3;\nn2.left = n4;\nn2.right = n5;\n
    binary_tree.dart
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811 */\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u8282\u70b9\nTreeNode n1 = new TreeNode(1);\nTreeNode n2 = new TreeNode(2);\nTreeNode n3 = new TreeNode(3);\nTreeNode n4 = new TreeNode(4);\nTreeNode n5 = new TreeNode(5);\n// \u6784\u5efa\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5f15\u7528\uff08\u6307\u9488\uff09\nn1.left = n2;\nn1.right = n3;\nn2.left = n4;\nn2.right = n5;\n
    binary_tree.rs
    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u8282\u70b9\nlet n1 = TreeNode::new(1);\nlet n2 = TreeNode::new(2);\nlet n3 = TreeNode::new(3);\nlet n4 = TreeNode::new(4);\nlet n5 = TreeNode::new(5);\n// \u6784\u5efa\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5f15\u7528\uff08\u6307\u9488\uff09\nn1.borrow_mut().left = Some(n2.clone());\nn1.borrow_mut().right = Some(n3);\nn2.borrow_mut().left = Some(n4);\nn2.borrow_mut().right = Some(n5);\n
    binary_tree.c
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811 */\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u8282\u70b9\nTreeNode *n1 = newTreeNode(1);\nTreeNode *n2 = newTreeNode(2);\nTreeNode *n3 = newTreeNode(3);\nTreeNode *n4 = newTreeNode(4);\nTreeNode *n5 = newTreeNode(5);\n// \u6784\u5efa\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5f15\u7528\uff08\u6307\u9488\uff09\nn1->left = n2;\nn1->right = n3;\nn2->left = n4;\nn2->right = n5;\n
    binary_tree.zig
    \n
    "},{"location":"chapter_tree/binary_tree/#2","title":"2. \u00a0 \u63d2\u5165\u4e0e\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9","text":"

    \u4e0e\u94fe\u8868\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u5728\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u4e2d\u63d2\u5165\u4e0e\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4fee\u6539\u6307\u9488\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u56fe 7-3 \u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u3002

    \u56fe 7-3 \u00a0 \u5728\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u4e2d\u63d2\u5165\u4e0e\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig binary_tree.py
    # \u63d2\u5165\u4e0e\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\np = TreeNode(0)\n# \u5728 n1 -> n2 \u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 P\nn1.left = p\np.left = n2\n# \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 P\nn1.left = n2\n
    binary_tree.cpp
    /* \u63d2\u5165\u4e0e\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 */\nTreeNode* P = new TreeNode(0);\n// \u5728 n1 -> n2 \u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 P\nn1->left = P;\nP->left = n2;\n// \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 P\nn1->left = n2;\n
    binary_tree.java
    TreeNode P = new TreeNode(0);\n// \u5728 n1 -> n2 \u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 P\nn1.left = P;\nP.left = n2;\n// \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 P\nn1.left = n2;\n
    binary_tree.cs
    /* \u63d2\u5165\u4e0e\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 */\nTreeNode P = new(0);\n// \u5728 n1 -> n2 \u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 P\nn1.left = P;\nP.left = n2;\n// \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 P\nn1.left = n2;\n
    binary_tree.go
    /* \u63d2\u5165\u4e0e\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 */\n// \u5728 n1 -> n2 \u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 P\np := NewTreeNode(0)\nn1.Left = p\np.Left = n2\n// \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 P\nn1.Left = n2\n
    binary_tree.swift
    let P = TreeNode(x: 0)\n// \u5728 n1 -> n2 \u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 P\nn1.left = P\nP.left = n2\n// \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 P\nn1.left = n2\n
    binary_tree.js
    /* \u63d2\u5165\u4e0e\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 */\nlet P = new TreeNode(0);\n// \u5728 n1 -> n2 \u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 P\nn1.left = P;\nP.left = n2;\n// \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 P\nn1.left = n2;\n
    binary_tree.ts
    /* \u63d2\u5165\u4e0e\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 */\nconst P = new TreeNode(0);\n// \u5728 n1 -> n2 \u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 P\nn1.left = P;\nP.left = n2;\n// \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 P\nn1.left = n2;\n
    binary_tree.dart
    /* \u63d2\u5165\u4e0e\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 */\nTreeNode P = new TreeNode(0);\n// \u5728 n1 -> n2 \u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 P\nn1.left = P;\nP.left = n2;\n// \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 P\nn1.left = n2;\n
    binary_tree.rs
    let p = TreeNode::new(0);\n// \u5728 n1 -> n2 \u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 P\nn1.borrow_mut().left = Some(p.clone());\np.borrow_mut().left = Some(n2.clone());\n// \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 p\nn1.borrow_mut().left = Some(n2);\n
    binary_tree.c
    /* \u63d2\u5165\u4e0e\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 */\nTreeNode *P = newTreeNode(0);\n// \u5728 n1 -> n2 \u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 P\nn1->left = P;\nP->left = n2;\n// \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 P\nn1->left = n2;\n
    binary_tree.zig
    \n

    Note

    \u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6539\u53d8\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u539f\u6709\u903b\u8f91\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u800c\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u901a\u5e38\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5220\u9664\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u53ca\u5176\u6240\u6709\u5b50\u6811\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u4e2d\uff0c\u63d2\u5165\u4e0e\u5220\u9664\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u7531\u4e00\u5957\u64cd\u4f5c\u914d\u5408\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u6709\u5b9e\u9645\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_tree/binary_tree/#713","title":"7.1.3 \u00a0 \u5e38\u89c1\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7c7b\u578b","text":""},{"location":"chapter_tree/binary_tree/#1_1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u5b8c\u7f8e\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811","text":"

    \u5982\u56fe 7-4 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u300c\u5b8c\u7f8e\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811 perfect binary tree\u300d\u6240\u6709\u5c42\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u88ab\u5b8c\u5168\u586b\u6ee1\u3002\u5728\u5b8c\u7f8e\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u4e2d\uff0c\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(0\\) \uff0c\u5176\u4f59\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5ea6\u90fd\u4e3a \\(2\\) \uff1b\u82e5\u6811\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(h\\) \uff0c\u5219\u8282\u70b9\u603b\u6570\u4e3a \\(2^{h+1} - 1\\) \uff0c\u5448\u73b0\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u6307\u6570\u7ea7\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u4e2d\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u5206\u88c2\u73b0\u8c61\u3002

    Tip

    \u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u5728\u4e2d\u6587\u793e\u533a\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b8c\u7f8e\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u5e38\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u300c\u6ee1\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u300d\u3002

    \u56fe 7-4 \u00a0 \u5b8c\u7f8e\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811

    "},{"location":"chapter_tree/binary_tree/#2_1","title":"2. \u00a0 \u5b8c\u5168\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811","text":"

    \u5982\u56fe 7-5 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u300c\u5b8c\u5168\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811 complete binary tree\u300d\u53ea\u6709\u6700\u5e95\u5c42\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u672a\u88ab\u586b\u6ee1\uff0c\u4e14\u6700\u5e95\u5c42\u8282\u70b9\u5c3d\u91cf\u9760\u5de6\u586b\u5145\u3002

    \u56fe 7-5 \u00a0 \u5b8c\u5168\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811

    "},{"location":"chapter_tree/binary_tree/#3","title":"3. \u00a0 \u5b8c\u6ee1\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811","text":"

    \u5982\u56fe 7-6 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u300c\u5b8c\u6ee1\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811 full binary tree\u300d\u9664\u4e86\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5176\u4f59\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u3002

    \u56fe 7-6 \u00a0 \u5b8c\u6ee1\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811

    "},{"location":"chapter_tree/binary_tree/#4","title":"4. \u00a0 \u5e73\u8861\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811","text":"

    \u5982\u56fe 7-7 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u300c\u5e73\u8861\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811 balanced binary tree\u300d\u4e2d\u4efb\u610f\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e4b\u5dee\u7684\u7edd\u5bf9\u503c\u4e0d\u8d85\u8fc7 1 \u3002

    \u56fe 7-7 \u00a0 \u5e73\u8861\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811

    "},{"location":"chapter_tree/binary_tree/#714","title":"7.1.4 \u00a0 \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u9000\u5316","text":"

    \u56fe 7-8 \u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u9000\u5316\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u5f53\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u6bcf\u5c42\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u88ab\u586b\u6ee1\u65f6\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u201c\u5b8c\u7f8e\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u201d\uff1b\u800c\u5f53\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u504f\u5411\u4e00\u4fa7\u65f6\uff0c\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u9000\u5316\u4e3a\u201c\u94fe\u8868\u201d\u3002

    • \u5b8c\u7f8e\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u662f\u7406\u60f3\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5145\u5206\u53d1\u6325\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u201c\u5206\u6cbb\u201d\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u3002
    • \u94fe\u8868\u5219\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6781\u7aef\uff0c\u5404\u9879\u64cd\u4f5c\u90fd\u53d8\u4e3a\u7ebf\u6027\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u9000\u5316\u81f3 \\(O(n)\\) \u3002

    \u56fe 7-8 \u00a0 \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u6700\u5dee\u7ed3\u6784

    \u5982\u8868 7-1 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5728\u6700\u4f73\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u6700\u5dee\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf\u3001\u8282\u70b9\u603b\u6570\u3001\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7b49\u8fbe\u5230\u6781\u5927\u503c\u6216\u6781\u5c0f\u503c\u3002

    \u8868 7-1 \u00a0 \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u6700\u5dee\u7ed3\u6784

    \u5b8c\u7f8e\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811 \u94fe\u8868 \u7b2c \\(i\\) \u5c42\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf \\(2^{i-1}\\) \\(1\\) \u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(h\\) \u7684\u6811\u7684\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf \\(2^h\\) \\(1\\) \u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(h\\) \u7684\u6811\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u603b\u6570 \\(2^{h+1} - 1\\) \\(h + 1\\) \u8282\u70b9\u603b\u6570\u4e3a \\(n\\) \u7684\u6811\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6 \\(\\log_2 (n+1) - 1\\) \\(n - 1\\)"},{"location":"chapter_tree/binary_tree_traversal/","title":"7.2 \u00a0 \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u904d\u5386","text":"

    \u4ece\u7269\u7406\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u6811\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5176\u904d\u5386\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u6307\u9488\u9010\u4e2a\u8bbf\u95ee\u8282\u70b9\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6811\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u904d\u5386\u6811\u6bd4\u904d\u5386\u94fe\u8868\u66f4\u52a0\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u501f\u52a9\u641c\u7d22\u7b97\u6cd5\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002

    \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u904d\u5386\u65b9\u5f0f\u5305\u62ec\u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u3001\u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u3001\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u548c\u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u7b49\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_tree/binary_tree_traversal/#721","title":"7.2.1 \u00a0 \u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386","text":"

    \u5982\u56fe 7-9 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u300c\u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 level-order traversal\u300d\u4ece\u9876\u90e8\u5230\u5e95\u90e8\u9010\u5c42\u904d\u5386\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u6bcf\u4e00\u5c42\u6309\u7167\u4ece\u5de6\u5230\u53f3\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u8bbf\u95ee\u8282\u70b9\u3002

    \u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u5c5e\u4e8e\u300c\u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 breadth-first traversal\u300d\uff0c\u4e5f\u79f0\u300c\u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u641c\u7d22 breadth-first search, BFS\u300d\uff0c\u5b83\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u4e00\u5708\u4e00\u5708\u5411\u5916\u6269\u5c55\u201d\u7684\u9010\u5c42\u904d\u5386\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002

    \u56fe 7-9 \u00a0 \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386

    "},{"location":"chapter_tree/binary_tree_traversal/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0","text":"

    \u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386\u901a\u5e38\u501f\u52a9\u201c\u961f\u5217\u201d\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u961f\u5217\u9075\u5faa\u201c\u5148\u8fdb\u5148\u51fa\u201d\u7684\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u800c\u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386\u5219\u9075\u5faa\u201c\u9010\u5c42\u63a8\u8fdb\u201d\u7684\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u4e24\u8005\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u662f\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u3002\u5b9e\u73b0\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig binary_tree_bfs.py
    def level_order(root: TreeNode | None) -> list[int]:\n    \"\"\"\u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\"\"\"\n    # \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u961f\u5217\uff0c\u52a0\u5165\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    queue: deque[TreeNode] = deque()\n    queue.append(root)\n    # \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u4fdd\u5b58\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\n    res = []\n    while queue:\n        node: TreeNode = queue.popleft()  # \u961f\u5217\u51fa\u961f\n        res.append(node.val)  # \u4fdd\u5b58\u8282\u70b9\u503c\n        if node.left is not None:\n            queue.append(node.left)  # \u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5165\u961f\n        if node.right is not None:\n            queue.append(node.right)  # \u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5165\u961f\n    return res\n
    binary_tree_bfs.cpp
    /* \u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nvector<int> levelOrder(TreeNode *root) {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u961f\u5217\uff0c\u52a0\u5165\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    queue<TreeNode *> queue;\n    queue.push(root);\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u4fdd\u5b58\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\n    vector<int> vec;\n    while (!queue.empty()) {\n        TreeNode *node = queue.front();\n        queue.pop();              // \u961f\u5217\u51fa\u961f\n        vec.push_back(node->val); // \u4fdd\u5b58\u8282\u70b9\u503c\n        if (node->left != nullptr)\n            queue.push(node->left); // \u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5165\u961f\n        if (node->right != nullptr)\n            queue.push(node->right); // \u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5165\u961f\n    }\n    return vec;\n}\n
    binary_tree_bfs.java
    /* \u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nList<Integer> levelOrder(TreeNode root) {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u961f\u5217\uff0c\u52a0\u5165\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    Queue<TreeNode> queue = new LinkedList<>();\n    queue.add(root);\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u4fdd\u5b58\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\n    List<Integer> list = new ArrayList<>();\n    while (!queue.isEmpty()) {\n        TreeNode node = queue.poll(); // \u961f\u5217\u51fa\u961f\n        list.add(node.val);           // \u4fdd\u5b58\u8282\u70b9\u503c\n        if (node.left != null)\n            queue.offer(node.left);   // \u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5165\u961f\n        if (node.right != null)\n            queue.offer(node.right);  // \u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5165\u961f\n    }\n    return list;\n}\n
    binary_tree_bfs.cs
    /* \u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nList<int> LevelOrder(TreeNode root) {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u961f\u5217\uff0c\u52a0\u5165\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    Queue<TreeNode> queue = new();\n    queue.Enqueue(root);\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u4fdd\u5b58\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\n    List<int> list = [];\n    while (queue.Count != 0) {\n        TreeNode node = queue.Dequeue(); // \u961f\u5217\u51fa\u961f\n        list.Add(node.val!.Value);       // \u4fdd\u5b58\u8282\u70b9\u503c\n        if (node.left != null)\n            queue.Enqueue(node.left);    // \u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5165\u961f\n        if (node.right != null)\n            queue.Enqueue(node.right);   // \u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5165\u961f\n    }\n    return list;\n}\n
    binary_tree_bfs.go
    /* \u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nfunc levelOrder(root *TreeNode) []any {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u961f\u5217\uff0c\u52a0\u5165\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    queue := list.New()\n    queue.PushBack(root)\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u5207\u7247\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u4fdd\u5b58\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\n    nums := make([]any, 0)\n    for queue.Len() > 0 {\n        // \u961f\u5217\u51fa\u961f\n        node := queue.Remove(queue.Front()).(*TreeNode)\n        // \u4fdd\u5b58\u8282\u70b9\u503c\n        nums = append(nums, node.Val)\n        if node.Left != nil {\n            // \u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5165\u961f\n            queue.PushBack(node.Left)\n        }\n        if node.Right != nil {\n            // \u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5165\u961f\n            queue.PushBack(node.Right)\n        }\n    }\n    return nums\n}\n
    binary_tree_bfs.swift
    /* \u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nfunc levelOrder(root: TreeNode) -> [Int] {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u961f\u5217\uff0c\u52a0\u5165\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    var queue: [TreeNode] = [root]\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u4fdd\u5b58\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\n    var list: [Int] = []\n    while !queue.isEmpty {\n        let node = queue.removeFirst() // \u961f\u5217\u51fa\u961f\n        list.append(node.val) // \u4fdd\u5b58\u8282\u70b9\u503c\n        if let left = node.left {\n            queue.append(left) // \u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5165\u961f\n        }\n        if let right = node.right {\n            queue.append(right) // \u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5165\u961f\n        }\n    }\n    return list\n}\n
    binary_tree_bfs.js
    /* \u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nfunction levelOrder(root) {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u961f\u5217\uff0c\u52a0\u5165\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    const queue = [root];\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u4fdd\u5b58\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\n    const list = [];\n    while (queue.length) {\n        let node = queue.shift(); // \u961f\u5217\u51fa\u961f\n        list.push(node.val); // \u4fdd\u5b58\u8282\u70b9\u503c\n        if (node.left) queue.push(node.left); // \u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5165\u961f\n        if (node.right) queue.push(node.right); // \u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5165\u961f\n    }\n    return list;\n}\n
    binary_tree_bfs.ts
    /* \u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nfunction levelOrder(root: TreeNode | null): number[] {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u961f\u5217\uff0c\u52a0\u5165\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    const queue = [root];\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u4fdd\u5b58\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\n    const list: number[] = [];\n    while (queue.length) {\n        let node = queue.shift() as TreeNode; // \u961f\u5217\u51fa\u961f\n        list.push(node.val); // \u4fdd\u5b58\u8282\u70b9\u503c\n        if (node.left) {\n            queue.push(node.left); // \u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5165\u961f\n        }\n        if (node.right) {\n            queue.push(node.right); // \u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5165\u961f\n        }\n    }\n    return list;\n}\n
    binary_tree_bfs.dart
    /* \u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nList<int> levelOrder(TreeNode? root) {\n  // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u961f\u5217\uff0c\u52a0\u5165\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n  Queue<TreeNode?> queue = Queue();\n  queue.add(root);\n  // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u4fdd\u5b58\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\n  List<int> res = [];\n  while (queue.isNotEmpty) {\n    TreeNode? node = queue.removeFirst(); // \u961f\u5217\u51fa\u961f\n    res.add(node!.val); // \u4fdd\u5b58\u8282\u70b9\u503c\n    if (node.left != null) queue.add(node.left); // \u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5165\u961f\n    if (node.right != null) queue.add(node.right); // \u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5165\u961f\n  }\n  return res;\n}\n
    binary_tree_bfs.rs
    /* \u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nfn level_order(root: &Rc<RefCell<TreeNode>>) -> Vec<i32> {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u961f\u5217\uff0c\u52a0\u5165\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    let mut que = VecDeque::new();\n    que.push_back(Rc::clone(&root));\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u4fdd\u5b58\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\n    let mut vec = Vec::new();\n\n    while let Some(node) = que.pop_front() {                 // \u961f\u5217\u51fa\u961f\n        vec.push(node.borrow().val);                         // \u4fdd\u5b58\u8282\u70b9\u503c\n        if let Some(left) = node.borrow().left.as_ref() {\n            que.push_back(Rc::clone(left));                  // \u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5165\u961f\n        }\n        if let Some(right) = node.borrow().right.as_ref() {\n            que.push_back(Rc::clone(right));                 // \u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5165\u961f\n        };\n    }\n    vec\n}\n
    binary_tree_bfs.c
    /* \u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nint *levelOrder(TreeNode *root, int *size) {\n    /* \u8f85\u52a9\u961f\u5217 */\n    int front, rear;\n    int index, *arr;\n    TreeNode *node;\n    TreeNode **queue;\n\n    /* \u8f85\u52a9\u961f\u5217 */\n    queue = (TreeNode **)malloc(sizeof(TreeNode *) * MAX_SIZE);\n    // \u961f\u5217\u6307\u9488\n    front = 0, rear = 0;\n    // \u52a0\u5165\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    queue[rear++] = root;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u4fdd\u5b58\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\n    /* \u8f85\u52a9\u6570\u7ec4 */\n    arr = (int *)malloc(sizeof(int) * MAX_SIZE);\n    // \u6570\u7ec4\u6307\u9488\n    index = 0;\n    while (front < rear) {\n        // \u961f\u5217\u51fa\u961f\n        node = queue[front++];\n        // \u4fdd\u5b58\u8282\u70b9\u503c\n        arr[index++] = node->val;\n        if (node->left != NULL) {\n            // \u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5165\u961f\n            queue[rear++] = node->left;\n        }\n        if (node->right != NULL) {\n            // \u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5165\u961f\n            queue[rear++] = node->right;\n        }\n    }\n    // \u66f4\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u503c\n    *size = index;\n    arr = realloc(arr, sizeof(int) * (*size));\n\n    // \u91ca\u653e\u8f85\u52a9\u6570\u7ec4\u7a7a\u95f4\n    free(queue);\n    return arr;\n}\n
    binary_tree_bfs.zig
    // \u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nfn levelOrder(comptime T: type, mem_allocator: std.mem.Allocator, root: *inc.TreeNode(T)) !std.ArrayList(T) {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u961f\u5217\uff0c\u52a0\u5165\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    const L = std.TailQueue(*inc.TreeNode(T));\n    var queue = L{};\n    var root_node = try mem_allocator.create(L.Node);\n    root_node.data = root;\n    queue.append(root_node); \n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u4fdd\u5b58\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\n    var list = std.ArrayList(T).init(std.heap.page_allocator);\n    while (queue.len > 0) {\n        var queue_node = queue.popFirst().?;    // \u961f\u5217\u51fa\u961f\n        var node = queue_node.data;\n        try list.append(node.val);              // \u4fdd\u5b58\u8282\u70b9\u503c\n        if (node.left != null) {\n            var tmp_node = try mem_allocator.create(L.Node);\n            tmp_node.data = node.left.?;\n            queue.append(tmp_node);             // \u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5165\u961f\n        }\n        if (node.right != null) {\n            var tmp_node = try mem_allocator.create(L.Node);\n            tmp_node.data = node.right.?;\n            queue.append(tmp_node);             // \u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5165\u961f\n        }        \n    }\n    return list;\n}\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_tree/binary_tree_traversal/#2","title":"2. \u00a0 \u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5206\u6790","text":"
    • \u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n)\\) \uff1a\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(n)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d \\(n\\) \u4e3a\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf\u3002
    • \u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n)\\) \uff1a\u5728\u6700\u5dee\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5373\u6ee1\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u65f6\uff0c\u904d\u5386\u5230\u6700\u5e95\u5c42\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u961f\u5217\u4e2d\u6700\u591a\u540c\u65f6\u5b58\u5728 \\((n + 1) / 2\\) \u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5360\u7528 \\(O(n)\\) \u7a7a\u95f4\u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_tree/binary_tree_traversal/#722","title":"7.2.2 \u00a0 \u524d\u5e8f\u3001\u4e2d\u5e8f\u3001\u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386","text":"

    \u76f8\u5e94\u5730\uff0c\u524d\u5e8f\u3001\u4e2d\u5e8f\u548c\u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u90fd\u5c5e\u4e8e\u300c\u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 depth-first traversal\u300d\uff0c\u4e5f\u79f0\u300c\u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u641c\u7d22 depth-first search, DFS\u300d\uff0c\u5b83\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u5148\u8d70\u5230\u5c3d\u5934\uff0c\u518d\u56de\u6eaf\u7ee7\u7eed\u201d\u7684\u904d\u5386\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002

    \u56fe 7-10 \u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5bf9\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u8fdb\u884c\u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u3002\u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386\u5c31\u50cf\u662f\u7ed5\u7740\u6574\u68f5\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u5916\u56f4\u201c\u8d70\u201d\u4e00\u5708\uff0c\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u4f1a\u9047\u5230\u4e09\u4e2a\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u5bf9\u5e94\u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u3001\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u548c\u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u3002

    \u56fe 7-10 \u00a0 \u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u7684\u524d\u5e8f\u3001\u4e2d\u5e8f\u3001\u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386

    "},{"location":"chapter_tree/binary_tree_traversal/#1_1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0","text":"

    \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u641c\u7d22\u901a\u5e38\u57fa\u4e8e\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig binary_tree_dfs.py
    def pre_order(root: TreeNode | None):\n    \"\"\"\u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\"\"\"\n    if root is None:\n        return\n    # \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u6839\u8282\u70b9 -> \u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -> \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\n    res.append(root.val)\n    pre_order(root=root.left)\n    pre_order(root=root.right)\n\ndef in_order(root: TreeNode | None):\n    \"\"\"\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\"\"\"\n    if root is None:\n        return\n    # \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -> \u6839\u8282\u70b9 -> \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\n    in_order(root=root.left)\n    res.append(root.val)\n    in_order(root=root.right)\n\ndef post_order(root: TreeNode | None):\n    \"\"\"\u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\"\"\"\n    if root is None:\n        return\n    # \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -> \u53f3\u5b50\u6811 -> \u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    post_order(root=root.left)\n    post_order(root=root.right)\n    res.append(root.val)\n
    binary_tree_dfs.cpp
    /* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nvoid preOrder(TreeNode *root) {\n    if (root == nullptr)\n        return;\n    // \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u6839\u8282\u70b9 -> \u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -> \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\n    vec.push_back(root->val);\n    preOrder(root->left);\n    preOrder(root->right);\n}\n\n/* \u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nvoid inOrder(TreeNode *root) {\n    if (root == nullptr)\n        return;\n    // \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -> \u6839\u8282\u70b9 -> \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\n    inOrder(root->left);\n    vec.push_back(root->val);\n    inOrder(root->right);\n}\n\n/* \u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nvoid postOrder(TreeNode *root) {\n    if (root == nullptr)\n        return;\n    // \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -> \u53f3\u5b50\u6811 -> \u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    postOrder(root->left);\n    postOrder(root->right);\n    vec.push_back(root->val);\n}\n
    binary_tree_dfs.java
    /* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nvoid preOrder(TreeNode root) {\n    if (root == null)\n        return;\n    // \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u6839\u8282\u70b9 -> \u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -> \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\n    list.add(root.val);\n    preOrder(root.left);\n    preOrder(root.right);\n}\n\n/* \u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nvoid inOrder(TreeNode root) {\n    if (root == null)\n        return;\n    // \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -> \u6839\u8282\u70b9 -> \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\n    inOrder(root.left);\n    list.add(root.val);\n    inOrder(root.right);\n}\n\n/* \u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nvoid postOrder(TreeNode root) {\n    if (root == null)\n        return;\n    // \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -> \u53f3\u5b50\u6811 -> \u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    postOrder(root.left);\n    postOrder(root.right);\n    list.add(root.val);\n}\n
    binary_tree_dfs.cs
    /* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nvoid PreOrder(TreeNode? root) {\n    if (root == null) return;\n    // \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u6839\u8282\u70b9 -> \u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -> \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\n    list.Add(root.val!.Value);\n    PreOrder(root.left);\n    PreOrder(root.right);\n}\n\n/* \u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nvoid InOrder(TreeNode? root) {\n    if (root == null) return;\n    // \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -> \u6839\u8282\u70b9 -> \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\n    InOrder(root.left);\n    list.Add(root.val!.Value);\n    InOrder(root.right);\n}\n\n/* \u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nvoid PostOrder(TreeNode? root) {\n    if (root == null) return;\n    // \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -> \u53f3\u5b50\u6811 -> \u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    PostOrder(root.left);\n    PostOrder(root.right);\n    list.Add(root.val!.Value);\n}\n
    binary_tree_dfs.go
    /* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nfunc preOrder(node *TreeNode) {\n    if node == nil {\n        return\n    }\n    // \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u6839\u8282\u70b9 -> \u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -> \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\n    nums = append(nums, node.Val)\n    preOrder(node.Left)\n    preOrder(node.Right)\n}\n\n/* \u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nfunc inOrder(node *TreeNode) {\n    if node == nil {\n        return\n    }\n    // \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -> \u6839\u8282\u70b9 -> \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\n    inOrder(node.Left)\n    nums = append(nums, node.Val)\n    inOrder(node.Right)\n}\n\n/* \u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nfunc postOrder(node *TreeNode) {\n    if node == nil {\n        return\n    }\n    // \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -> \u53f3\u5b50\u6811 -> \u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    postOrder(node.Left)\n    postOrder(node.Right)\n    nums = append(nums, node.Val)\n}\n
    binary_tree_dfs.swift
    /* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nfunc preOrder(root: TreeNode?) {\n    guard let root = root else {\n        return\n    }\n    // \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u6839\u8282\u70b9 -> \u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -> \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\n    list.append(root.val)\n    preOrder(root: root.left)\n    preOrder(root: root.right)\n}\n\n/* \u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nfunc inOrder(root: TreeNode?) {\n    guard let root = root else {\n        return\n    }\n    // \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -> \u6839\u8282\u70b9 -> \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\n    inOrder(root: root.left)\n    list.append(root.val)\n    inOrder(root: root.right)\n}\n\n/* \u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nfunc postOrder(root: TreeNode?) {\n    guard let root = root else {\n        return\n    }\n    // \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -> \u53f3\u5b50\u6811 -> \u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    postOrder(root: root.left)\n    postOrder(root: root.right)\n    list.append(root.val)\n}\n
    binary_tree_dfs.js
    /* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nfunction preOrder(root) {\n    if (root === null) return;\n    // \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u6839\u8282\u70b9 -> \u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -> \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\n    list.push(root.val);\n    preOrder(root.left);\n    preOrder(root.right);\n}\n\n/* \u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nfunction inOrder(root) {\n    if (root === null) return;\n    // \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -> \u6839\u8282\u70b9 -> \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\n    inOrder(root.left);\n    list.push(root.val);\n    inOrder(root.right);\n}\n\n/* \u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nfunction postOrder(root) {\n    if (root === null) return;\n    // \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -> \u53f3\u5b50\u6811 -> \u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    postOrder(root.left);\n    postOrder(root.right);\n    list.push(root.val);\n}\n
    binary_tree_dfs.ts
    /* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nfunction preOrder(root: TreeNode | null): void {\n    if (root === null) {\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u6839\u8282\u70b9 -> \u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -> \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\n    list.push(root.val);\n    preOrder(root.left);\n    preOrder(root.right);\n}\n\n/* \u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nfunction inOrder(root: TreeNode | null): void {\n    if (root === null) {\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -> \u6839\u8282\u70b9 -> \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\n    inOrder(root.left);\n    list.push(root.val);\n    inOrder(root.right);\n}\n\n/* \u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nfunction postOrder(root: TreeNode | null): void {\n    if (root === null) {\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -> \u53f3\u5b50\u6811 -> \u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    postOrder(root.left);\n    postOrder(root.right);\n    list.push(root.val);\n}\n
    binary_tree_dfs.dart
    /* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nvoid preOrder(TreeNode? node) {\n  if (node == null) return;\n  // \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u6839\u8282\u70b9 -> \u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -> \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\n  list.add(node.val);\n  preOrder(node.left);\n  preOrder(node.right);\n}\n\n/* \u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nvoid inOrder(TreeNode? node) {\n  if (node == null) return;\n  // \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -> \u6839\u8282\u70b9 -> \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\n  inOrder(node.left);\n  list.add(node.val);\n  inOrder(node.right);\n}\n\n/* \u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nvoid postOrder(TreeNode? node) {\n  if (node == null) return;\n  // \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -> \u53f3\u5b50\u6811 -> \u6839\u8282\u70b9\n  postOrder(node.left);\n  postOrder(node.right);\n  list.add(node.val);\n}\n
    binary_tree_dfs.rs
    /* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nfn pre_order(root: Option<&Rc<RefCell<TreeNode>>>) -> Vec<i32> {\n    let mut result = vec![];\n\n    if let Some(node) = root {\n        // \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u6839\u8282\u70b9 -> \u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -> \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\n        result.push(node.borrow().val);\n        result.append(&mut pre_order(node.borrow().left.as_ref()));\n        result.append(&mut pre_order(node.borrow().right.as_ref()));\n    }\n    result\n}\n\n/* \u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nfn in_order(root: Option<&Rc<RefCell<TreeNode>>>) -> Vec<i32> {\n    let mut result = vec![];\n\n    if let Some(node) = root {\n        // \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -> \u6839\u8282\u70b9 -> \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\n        result.append(&mut in_order(node.borrow().left.as_ref()));\n        result.push(node.borrow().val);\n        result.append(&mut in_order(node.borrow().right.as_ref()));\n    }\n    result\n}\n\n/* \u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nfn post_order(root: Option<&Rc<RefCell<TreeNode>>>) -> Vec<i32> {\n    let mut result = vec![];\n\n    if let Some(node) = root {\n        // \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -> \u53f3\u5b50\u6811 -> \u6839\u8282\u70b9\n        result.append(&mut post_order(node.borrow().left.as_ref()));\n        result.append(&mut post_order(node.borrow().right.as_ref()));\n        result.push(node.borrow().val);\n    }\n    result\n}\n
    binary_tree_dfs.c
    /* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nvoid preOrder(TreeNode *root, int *size) {\n    if (root == NULL)\n        return;\n    // \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u6839\u8282\u70b9 -> \u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -> \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\n    arr[(*size)++] = root->val;\n    preOrder(root->left, size);\n    preOrder(root->right, size);\n}\n\n/* \u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nvoid inOrder(TreeNode *root, int *size) {\n    if (root == NULL)\n        return;\n    // \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -> \u6839\u8282\u70b9 -> \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\n    inOrder(root->left, size);\n    arr[(*size)++] = root->val;\n    inOrder(root->right, size);\n}\n\n/* \u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nvoid postOrder(TreeNode *root, int *size) {\n    if (root == NULL)\n        return;\n    // \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -> \u53f3\u5b50\u6811 -> \u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    postOrder(root->left, size);\n    postOrder(root->right, size);\n    arr[(*size)++] = root->val;\n}\n
    binary_tree_dfs.zig
    // \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nfn preOrder(comptime T: type, root: ?*inc.TreeNode(T)) !void {\n    if (root == null) return;\n    // \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u6839\u8282\u70b9 -> \u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -> \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\n    try list.append(root.?.val);\n    try preOrder(T, root.?.left);\n    try preOrder(T, root.?.right);\n}\n\n// \u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nfn inOrder(comptime T: type, root: ?*inc.TreeNode(T)) !void {\n    if (root == null) return;\n    // \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -> \u6839\u8282\u70b9 -> \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\n    try inOrder(T, root.?.left);\n    try list.append(root.?.val);\n    try inOrder(T, root.?.right);\n}\n\n// \u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nfn postOrder(comptime T: type, root: ?*inc.TreeNode(T)) !void {\n    if (root == null) return;\n    // \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -> \u53f3\u5b50\u6811 -> \u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    try postOrder(T, root.?.left);\n    try postOrder(T, root.?.right);\n    try list.append(root.?.val);\n}\n

    Tip

    \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u641c\u7d22\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u57fa\u4e8e\u8fed\u4ee3\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u6709\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u8bfb\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u884c\u7814\u7a76\u3002

    \u56fe 7-11 \u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u9012\u5f52\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5176\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u201c\u9012\u201d\u548c\u201c\u5f52\u201d\u4e24\u4e2a\u9006\u5411\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u3002

    1. \u201c\u9012\u201d\u8868\u793a\u5f00\u542f\u65b0\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5728\u6b64\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u8bbf\u95ee\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u3002
    2. \u201c\u5f52\u201d\u8868\u793a\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u5f53\u524d\u8282\u70b9\u5df2\u7ecf\u8bbf\u95ee\u5b8c\u6bd5\u3002
    <1><2><3><4><5><6><7><8><9><10><11>

    \u56fe 7-11 \u00a0 \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u7684\u9012\u5f52\u8fc7\u7a0b

    "},{"location":"chapter_tree/binary_tree_traversal/#2_1","title":"2. \u00a0 \u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5206\u6790","text":"
    • \u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n)\\) \uff1a\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(n)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u3002
    • \u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n)\\) \uff1a\u5728\u6700\u5dee\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5373\u6811\u9000\u5316\u4e3a\u94fe\u8868\u65f6\uff0c\u9012\u5f52\u6df1\u5ea6\u8fbe\u5230 \\(n\\) \uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5360\u7528 \\(O(n)\\) \u6808\u5e27\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_tree/summary/","title":"7.6 \u00a0 \u5c0f\u7ed3","text":""},{"location":"chapter_tree/summary/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u91cd\u70b9\u56de\u987e","text":"
    • \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4f53\u73b0\u201c\u4e00\u5206\u4e3a\u4e8c\u201d\u7684\u5206\u6cbb\u903b\u8f91\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u8282\u70b9\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2a\u503c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e24\u4e2a\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u5176\u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u3002
    • \u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u4e2d\u7684\u67d0\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5176\u5de6\uff08\u53f3\uff09\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u53ca\u5176\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u6811\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5de6\uff08\u53f3\uff09\u5b50\u6811\u3002
    • \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u672f\u8bed\u5305\u62ec\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u3001\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u3001\u5c42\u3001\u5ea6\u3001\u8fb9\u3001\u9ad8\u5ea6\u548c\u6df1\u5ea6\u7b49\u3002
    • \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u3001\u8282\u70b9\u63d2\u5165\u548c\u8282\u70b9\u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e0e\u94fe\u8868\u64cd\u4f5c\u65b9\u6cd5\u7c7b\u4f3c\u3002
    • \u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7c7b\u578b\u6709\u5b8c\u7f8e\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u3001\u5b8c\u5168\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u3001\u5b8c\u6ee1\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u548c\u5e73\u8861\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u3002\u5b8c\u7f8e\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u662f\u6700\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u800c\u94fe\u8868\u662f\u9000\u5316\u540e\u7684\u6700\u5dee\u72b6\u6001\u3002
    • \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u5c06\u8282\u70b9\u503c\u548c\u7a7a\u4f4d\u6309\u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u987a\u5e8f\u6392\u5217\uff0c\u5e76\u6839\u636e\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u4e0e\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u6620\u5c04\u5173\u7cfb\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u6307\u9488\u3002
    • \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u641c\u7d22\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b83\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u201c\u4e00\u5708\u4e00\u5708\u5411\u5916\u6269\u5c55\u201d\u7684\u9010\u5c42\u904d\u5386\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u901a\u8fc7\u961f\u5217\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002
    • \u524d\u5e8f\u3001\u4e2d\u5e8f\u3001\u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u7686\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u641c\u7d22\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u201c\u5148\u8d70\u5230\u5c3d\u5934\uff0c\u518d\u56de\u6eaf\u7ee7\u7eed\u201d\u7684\u904d\u5386\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u9012\u5f52\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002
    • \u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u67e5\u627e\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5176\u67e5\u627e\u3001\u63d2\u5165\u548c\u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5747\u4e3a \\(O(\\log n)\\) \u3002\u5f53\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u9000\u5316\u4e3a\u94fe\u8868\u65f6\uff0c\u5404\u9879\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4f1a\u52a3\u5316\u81f3 \\(O(n)\\) \u3002
    • AVL \u6811\uff0c\u4e5f\u79f0\u5e73\u8861\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\uff0c\u5b83\u901a\u8fc7\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\u786e\u4fdd\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u63d2\u5165\u548c\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u6811\u4ecd\u7136\u4fdd\u6301\u5e73\u8861\u3002
    • AVL \u6811\u7684\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\u5305\u62ec\u53f3\u65cb\u3001\u5de6\u65cb\u3001\u5148\u53f3\u65cb\u518d\u5de6\u65cb\u3001\u5148\u5de6\u65cb\u518d\u53f3\u65cb\u3002\u5728\u63d2\u5165\u6216\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u540e\uff0cAVL \u6811\u4f1a\u4ece\u5e95\u5411\u9876\u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861\u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_tree/summary/#2-q-a","title":"2. \u00a0 Q & A","text":"

    \u5bf9\u4e8e\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff0c\u6811\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u548c\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6df1\u5ea6\u90fd\u662f \\(0\\) \u5417\uff1f

    \u662f\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u9ad8\u5ea6\u548c\u6df1\u5ea6\u901a\u5e38\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u201c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u7684\u8fb9\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u201d\u3002

    \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u4e2d\u7684\u63d2\u5165\u4e0e\u5220\u9664\u4e00\u822c\u7531\u4e00\u5957\u64cd\u4f5c\u914d\u5408\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u201c\u4e00\u5957\u64cd\u4f5c\u201d\u6307\u4ec0\u4e48\u5462\uff1f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u91ca\u653e\u5417\uff1f

    \u62ff\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u6765\u4e3e\u4f8b\uff0c\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u64cd\u4f5c\u8981\u5206\u4e09\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6bcf\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u591a\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002

    \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48 DFS \u904d\u5386\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u6709\u524d\u3001\u4e2d\u3001\u540e\u4e09\u79cd\u987a\u5e8f\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u7528\u5462\uff1f

    \u4e0e\u987a\u5e8f\u548c\u9006\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u524d\u5e8f\u3001\u4e2d\u5e8f\u3001\u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u662f\u4e09\u79cd\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u904d\u5386\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\u4eec\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u987a\u5e8f\u7684\u904d\u5386\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u4e2d\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u8282\u70b9\u5927\u5c0f\u6ee1\u8db3 \u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u503c < \u6839\u8282\u70b9\u503c < \u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u503c \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u8981\u6309\u7167 \u5de6 $\\rightarrow$ \u6839 $\\rightarrow$ \u53f3 \u7684\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u904d\u5386\u6811\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u6709\u5e8f\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u5e8f\u5217\u3002

    \u53f3\u65cb\u64cd\u4f5c\u662f\u5904\u7406\u5931\u8861\u8282\u70b9 node\u3001child\u3001grand_child \u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u90a3 node \u7684\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u548c node \u539f\u6765\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7ef4\u62a4\u5417\uff1f\u53f3\u65cb\u64cd\u4f5c\u540e\u5c82\u4e0d\u662f\u65ad\u6389\u4e86\uff1f

    \u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u4ece\u9012\u5f52\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u6765\u770b\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u53f3\u65cb\u64cd\u4f5c right_rotate(root) \u4f20\u5165\u7684\u662f\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8 return child \u8fd4\u56de\u65cb\u8f6c\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u3002\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u548c\u5176\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u662f\u5728\u8be5\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u540e\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u53f3\u65cb\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u7ef4\u62a4\u8303\u56f4\u3002

    \u5728 C++ \u4e2d\uff0c\u51fd\u6570\u88ab\u5212\u5206\u5230 private \u548c public \u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u8003\u91cf\u5417\uff1f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u5c06 height() \u51fd\u6570\u548c updateHeight() \u51fd\u6570\u5206\u522b\u653e\u5728 public \u548c private \u4e2d\u5462\uff1f

    \u4e3b\u8981\u770b\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ea\u5728\u7c7b\u5185\u90e8\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e3a private \u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u5355\u72ec\u8c03\u7528 updateHeight() \u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u53ea\u662f\u63d2\u5165\u3001\u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u6b65\u3002\u800c height() \u662f\u8bbf\u95ee\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e vector.size() \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6210 public \u4ee5\u4fbf\u4f7f\u7528\u3002

    \u5982\u4f55\u4ece\u4e00\u7ec4\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u6784\u5efa\u4e00\u68f5\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\uff1f\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\uff1f

    \u662f\u7684\uff0c\u6784\u5efa\u6811\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5df2\u5728\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u7684 build_tree() \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\u7ed9\u51fa\u3002\u81f3\u4e8e\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u5c06\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c06\u4e2d\u70b9\u5143\u7d20\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6839\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u518d\u9012\u5f52\u5730\u6784\u5efa\u5de6\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u53ef\u4ee5\u6700\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6811\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u6027\u3002

    \u5728 Java \u4e2d\uff0c\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5bf9\u6bd4\u662f\u5426\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u7528 equals() \u65b9\u6cd5\uff1f

    \u5728 Java \u4e2d\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u57fa\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c== \u7528\u4e8e\u5bf9\u6bd4\u4e24\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u662f\u5426\u76f8\u7b49\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5f15\u7528\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u4e24\u79cd\u7b26\u53f7\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u3002

    • == \uff1a\u7528\u6765\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e24\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u5426\u6307\u5411\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5373\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u662f\u5426\u76f8\u540c\u3002
    • equals()\uff1a\u7528\u6765\u5bf9\u6bd4\u4e24\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u503c\u662f\u5426\u76f8\u7b49\u3002

    \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8981\u5bf9\u6bd4\u503c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u4f7f\u7528 equals() \u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7 String a = \"hi\"; String b = \"hi\"; \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u90fd\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5e38\u91cf\u6c60\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u6307\u5411\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528 a == b \u6765\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002

    \u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386\u5230\u6700\u5e95\u5c42\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u961f\u5217\u4e2d\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf\u662f \\(2^h\\) \u5417\uff1f

    \u662f\u7684\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u9ad8\u5ea6 \\(h = 2\\) \u7684\u6ee1\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff0c\u5176\u8282\u70b9\u603b\u6570 \\(n = 7\\) \uff0c\u5219\u5e95\u5c42\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf \\(4 = 2^h = (n + 1) / 2\\) \u3002

    "}]} \ No newline at end of file +{"config":{"lang":["en"],"separator":"[\\s\\u200b\\u3000\\-\u3001\u3002\uff0c\uff0e\uff1f\uff01\uff1b]+","pipeline":["stemmer"]},"docs":[{"location":"","title":"Home","text":"\u300a Hello \u7b97\u6cd5 \u300b

    \u52a8\u753b\u56fe\u89e3\u3001\u4e00\u952e\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u7b97\u6cd5\u6559\u7a0b

    \u5f00\u59cb\u9605\u8bfb \u4e0b\u8f7d\u4ee3\u7801 \u4e0b\u8f7d PDF

    \u63a8\u8350\u8bed

    Quote

    \u201c\u4e00\u672c\u901a\u4fd7\u6613\u61c2\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u7b97\u6cd5\u5165\u95e8\u4e66\uff0c\u5f15\u5bfc\u8bfb\u8005\u624b\u8111\u5e76\u7528\u5730\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u5f3a\u70c8\u63a8\u8350\u7b97\u6cd5\u521d\u5b66\u8005\u9605\u8bfb\u3002\u201d

    \u2014\u2014 \u9093\u4fca\u8f89\uff0c\u6e05\u534e\u5927\u5b66\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7cfb\u6559\u6388

    Quote

    \u201c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u5f53\u5e74\u5b66\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u6709\u300aHello \u7b97\u6cd5\u300b\uff0c\u5b66\u8d77\u6765\u5e94\u8be5\u4f1a\u7b80\u5355 10 \u500d\uff01\u201d

    \u2014\u2014 \u674e\u6c90\uff0c\u4e9a\u9a6c\u900a\u8d44\u6df1\u9996\u5e2d\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6

    \u52a8\u753b\u56fe\u89e3

    \u5185\u5bb9\u6e05\u6670\u6613\u61c2\u5b66\u4e60\u66f2\u7ebf\u5e73\u6ed1

    \"A picture is worth a thousand words.\"

    \u201c\u4e00\u56fe\u80dc\u5343\u8a00\u201d

    \u4e00\u952e\u8fd0\u884c

    \u5341\u4f59\u79cd\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u4ee3\u7801\u53ef\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd0\u884c

    \"Talk is cheap. Show me the code.\"

    \u201c\u5c11\u5439\u725b\uff0c\u770b\u4ee3\u7801\u201d

    \u4e92\u52a9\u5b66\u4e60

    \u6b22\u8fce\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e0e\u63d0\u95ee\u8bfb\u8005\u95f4\u643a\u624b\u5171\u8fdb

    \"\u8ffd\u98ce\u8d76\u6708\u83ab\u505c\u7559\"

    \u201c\u5e73\u829c\u5c3d\u5904\u662f\u6625\u5c71\u201d

    \u5e8f

    \u4e24\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u6211\u5728\u529b\u6263\u4e0a\u5206\u4eab\u4e86\u201c\u5251\u6307 Offer\u201d\u7cfb\u5217\u9898\u89e3\uff0c\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u540c\u5b66\u7684\u559c\u7231\u548c\u652f\u6301\u3002\u5728\u4e0e\u8bfb\u8005\u4ea4\u6d41\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u6211\u6700\u5e38\u6536\u5230\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u201c\u5982\u4f55\u5165\u95e8\u7b97\u6cd5\u201d\u3002\u9010\u6e10\u5730\uff0c\u6211\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u6d53\u539a\u7684\u5174\u8da3\u3002

    \u4e24\u773c\u4e00\u62b9\u9ed1\u5730\u5237\u9898\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u6700\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u7b80\u5355\u76f4\u63a5\u4e14\u6709\u6548\u3002\u7136\u800c\u5237\u9898\u5c31\u5982\u540c\u73a9\u201c\u626b\u96f7\u201d\u6e38\u620f\uff0c\u81ea\u5b66\u80fd\u529b\u5f3a\u7684\u540c\u5b66\u80fd\u591f\u987a\u5229\u5c06\u5730\u96f7\u9010\u4e2a\u6392\u6389\uff0c\u800c\u57fa\u7840\u4e0d\u8db3\u7684\u540c\u5b66\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u70b8\u7684\u6ee1\u5934\u662f\u5305\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u632b\u6298\u4e2d\u6b65\u6b65\u9000\u7f29\u3002\u901a\u8bfb\u6559\u6750\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5e38\u89c1\u505a\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9762\u5411\u6c42\u804c\u7684\u540c\u5b66\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6bd5\u4e1a\u5b63\u3001\u6295\u9012\u7b80\u5386\u3001\u51c6\u5907\u7b14\u8bd5\u9762\u8bd5\u5df2\u7ecf\u6d88\u8017\u4e86\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7cbe\u529b\uff0c\u5543\u539a\u91cd\u7684\u4e66\u5f80\u5f80\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u9879\u8270\u5de8\u7684\u6311\u6218\u3002

    \u5982\u679c\u4f60\u4e5f\u9762\u4e34\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u56f0\u6270\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5f88\u5e78\u8fd0\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u4f60\u3002\u672c\u4e66\u662f\u6211\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u7ed9\u51fa\u7684\u7b54\u6848\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u4e0d\u662f\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\uff0c\u4e5f\u81f3\u5c11\u662f\u4e00\u6b21\u79ef\u6781\u7684\u5c1d\u8bd5\u3002\u672c\u4e66\u867d\u7136\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u8ba9\u4f60\u76f4\u63a5\u62ff\u5230 Offer \uff0c\u4f46\u4f1a\u5f15\u5bfc\u4f60\u63a2\u7d22\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u201c\u77e5\u8bc6\u5730\u56fe\u201d\uff0c\u5e26\u4f60\u4e86\u89e3\u4e0d\u540c\u201c\u5730\u96f7\u201d\u7684\u5f62\u72b6\u3001\u5927\u5c0f\u548c\u5206\u5e03\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u8ba9\u4f60\u638c\u63e1\u5404\u79cd\u201c\u6392\u96f7\u65b9\u6cd5\u201d\u3002\u6709\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u672c\u9886\uff0c\u76f8\u4fe1\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u52a0\u81ea\u5982\u5730\u5237\u9898\u548c\u9605\u8bfb\u6587\u732e\uff0c\u9010\u6b65\u6784\u5efa\u8d77\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002

    \u6211\u6df1\u6df1\u8d5e\u540c\u8d39\u66fc\u6559\u6388\u6240\u8a00\uff1a\u201cKnowledge isn't free. You have to pay attention.\u201d\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u5e76\u975e\u5b8c\u5168\u201c\u514d\u8d39\u201d\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u4e0d\u8f9c\u8d1f\u4f60\u4e3a\u672c\u4e66\u6240\u4ed8\u51fa\u7684\u5b9d\u8d35\u201c\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u201d\uff0c\u6211\u4f1a\u5c3d\u6211\u6240\u80fd\uff0c\u6295\u5165\u6700\u5927\u7684\u201c\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u201d\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u7684\u521b\u4f5c\u3002

    \u4f5c\u8005

    \u9773\u5b87\u680b (Krahets)\uff0c\u5927\u5382\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7b97\u6cd5\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\u4ea4\u901a\u5927\u5b66\u7855\u58eb\u3002\u529b\u6263\uff08LeetCode\uff09\u5168\u7f51\u9605\u8bfb\u91cf\u6700\u9ad8\u535a\u4e3b\uff0c\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u300a\u56fe\u89e3\u7b97\u6cd5\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u300b\u5df2\u88ab\u8ba2\u9605 30 \u4e07\u672c\u3002

    \u8d21\u732e

    \u672c\u4e66\u5728\u5f00\u6e90\u793e\u533a\u4f17\u591a\u8d21\u732e\u8005\u7684\u5171\u540c\u52aa\u529b\u4e0b\u4e0d\u65ad\u5b8c\u5584\u3002\u611f\u8c22\u6bcf\u4e00\u4f4d\u6295\u5165\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0e\u7cbe\u529b\u7684\u64b0\u7a3f\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\uff08\u6309\u7167 GitHub \u81ea\u52a8\u751f\u6210\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u6392\u5217\uff09\uff1a

    \u672c\u4e66\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u5ba1\u9605\u5de5\u4f5c\u7531 codingonion\u3001Gonglja\u3001gvenusleo\u3001hpstory\u3001justin\u2010tse\u3001krahets\u3001night-cruise\u3001nuomi1 \u548c Reanon \u5b8c\u6210\uff08\u6309\u7167\u9996\u5b57\u6bcd\u987a\u5e8f\u6392\u5217\uff09\u3002\u611f\u8c22\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ed8\u51fa\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0e\u7cbe\u529b\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u786e\u4fdd\u4e86\u5404\u8bed\u8a00\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u89c4\u8303\u4e0e\u7edf\u4e00\u3002

    codingonionRust, Zig GongljaC, C++ gvenusleoDart hpstoryC# justin-tseJS, TS krahetsJava, Python night-cruiseRust nuomi1Swift ReanonGo, C"},{"location":"chapter_appendix/","title":"\u7b2c 16 \u7ae0 \u00a0 \u9644\u5f55","text":""},{"location":"chapter_appendix/#_1","title":"\u672c\u7ae0\u5185\u5bb9","text":"
    • 16.1 \u00a0 \u7f16\u7a0b\u73af\u5883\u5b89\u88c5
    • 16.2 \u00a0 \u4e00\u8d77\u53c2\u4e0e\u521b\u4f5c
    • 16.3 \u00a0 \u672f\u8bed\u8868
    "},{"location":"chapter_appendix/contribution/","title":"16.2 \u00a0 \u4e00\u8d77\u53c2\u4e0e\u521b\u4f5c","text":"

    \u7531\u4e8e\u7b14\u8005\u80fd\u529b\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u4e66\u4e2d\u96be\u514d\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u9057\u6f0f\u548c\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u8bf7\u60a8\u8c05\u89e3\u3002\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u7b14\u8bef\u3001\u94fe\u63a5\u5931\u6548\u3001\u5185\u5bb9\u7f3a\u5931\u3001\u6587\u5b57\u6b67\u4e49\u3001\u89e3\u91ca\u4e0d\u6e05\u6670\u6216\u884c\u6587\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0d\u5408\u7406\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8bf7\u534f\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u8fdb\u884c\u4fee\u6b63\uff0c\u4ee5\u7ed9\u8bfb\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u4f18\u8d28\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u8d44\u6e90\u3002

    \u6240\u6709\u64b0\u7a3f\u4eba\u7684 GitHub ID \u5c06\u5728\u672c\u4e66\u4ed3\u5e93\u3001\u7f51\u9875\u7248\u548c PDF \u7248\u7684\u4e3b\u9875\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u5c55\u793a\uff0c\u4ee5\u611f\u8c22\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u5f00\u6e90\u793e\u533a\u7684\u65e0\u79c1\u5949\u732e\u3002

    \u5f00\u6e90\u7684\u9b45\u529b

    \u7eb8\u8d28\u56fe\u4e66\u7684\u4e24\u6b21\u5370\u5237\u7684\u95f4\u9694\u65f6\u95f4\u5f80\u5f80\u8f83\u4e45\uff0c\u5185\u5bb9\u66f4\u65b0\u975e\u5e38\u4e0d\u65b9\u4fbf\u3002

    \u800c\u5728\u672c\u5f00\u6e90\u4e66\u4e2d\uff0c\u5185\u5bb9\u66f4\u8fed\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u88ab\u7f29\u77ed\u81f3\u6570\u65e5\u751a\u81f3\u51e0\u4e2a\u5c0f\u65f6\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_appendix/contribution/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u5185\u5bb9\u5fae\u8c03","text":"

    \u5982\u56fe 16-3 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u9875\u9762\u7684\u53f3\u4e0a\u89d2\u90fd\u6709\u201c\u7f16\u8f91\u56fe\u6807\u201d\u3002\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309\u7167\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6b65\u9aa4\u4fee\u6539\u6587\u672c\u6216\u4ee3\u7801\u3002

    1. \u70b9\u51fb\u201c\u7f16\u8f91\u56fe\u6807\u201d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u9047\u5230\u201c\u9700\u8981 Fork \u6b64\u4ed3\u5e93\u201d\u7684\u63d0\u793a\uff0c\u8bf7\u540c\u610f\u8be5\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002
    2. \u4fee\u6539 Markdown \u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u68c0\u67e5\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u5c3d\u91cf\u4fdd\u6301\u6392\u7248\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u3002
    3. \u5728\u9875\u9762\u5e95\u90e8\u586b\u5199\u4fee\u6539\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u70b9\u51fb\u201cPropose file change\u201d\u6309\u94ae\u3002\u9875\u9762\u8df3\u8f6c\u540e\uff0c\u70b9\u51fb\u201cCreate pull request\u201d\u6309\u94ae\u5373\u53ef\u53d1\u8d77\u62c9\u53d6\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002

    \u56fe 16-3 \u00a0 \u9875\u9762\u7f16\u8f91\u6309\u952e

    \u56fe\u7247\u65e0\u6cd5\u76f4\u63a5\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u65b0\u5efa Issue \u6216\u8bc4\u8bba\u7559\u8a00\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u5c3d\u5feb\u91cd\u65b0\u7ed8\u5236\u5e76\u66ff\u6362\u56fe\u7247\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_appendix/contribution/#2","title":"2. \u00a0 \u5185\u5bb9\u521b\u4f5c","text":"

    \u5982\u679c\u60a8\u6709\u5174\u8da3\u53c2\u4e0e\u6b64\u5f00\u6e90\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5c06\u4ee3\u7801\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210\u5176\u4ed6\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u3001\u6269\u5c55\u6587\u7ae0\u5185\u5bb9\u7b49\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u9700\u8981\u5b9e\u65bd\u4ee5\u4e0b Pull Request \u5de5\u4f5c\u6d41\u7a0b\u3002

    1. \u767b\u5f55 GitHub \uff0c\u5c06\u672c\u4e66\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u4ed3\u5e93 Fork \u5230\u4e2a\u4eba\u8d26\u53f7\u4e0b\u3002
    2. \u8fdb\u5165\u60a8\u7684 Fork \u4ed3\u5e93\u7f51\u9875\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 git clone \u547d\u4ee4\u5c06\u4ed3\u5e93\u514b\u9686\u81f3\u672c\u5730\u3002
    3. \u5728\u672c\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u5185\u5bb9\u521b\u4f5c\uff0c\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u5b8c\u6574\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u6027\u3002
    4. \u5c06\u672c\u5730\u6240\u505a\u66f4\u6539 Commit \uff0c\u7136\u540e Push \u81f3\u8fdc\u7a0b\u4ed3\u5e93\u3002
    5. \u5237\u65b0\u4ed3\u5e93\u7f51\u9875\uff0c\u70b9\u51fb\u201cCreate pull request\u201d\u6309\u94ae\u5373\u53ef\u53d1\u8d77\u62c9\u53d6\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_appendix/contribution/#3-docker","title":"3. \u00a0 Docker \u90e8\u7f72","text":"

    \u5728 hello-algo \u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u4ee5\u4e0b Docker \u811a\u672c\uff0c\u5373\u53ef\u5728 http://localhost:8000 \u8bbf\u95ee\u672c\u9879\u76ee\uff1a

    docker-compose up -d\n

    \u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u5373\u53ef\u5220\u9664\u90e8\u7f72\uff1a

    docker-compose down\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_appendix/installation/","title":"16.1 \u00a0 \u7f16\u7a0b\u73af\u5883\u5b89\u88c5","text":""},{"location":"chapter_appendix/installation/#1611-ide","title":"16.1.1 \u00a0 \u5b89\u88c5 IDE","text":"

    \u63a8\u8350\u4f7f\u7528\u5f00\u6e90\u3001\u8f7b\u91cf\u7684 VS Code \u4f5c\u4e3a\u672c\u5730\u96c6\u6210\u5f00\u53d1\u73af\u5883\uff08IDE\uff09\u3002\u8bbf\u95ee VS Code \u5b98\u7f51\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u9009\u62e9\u76f8\u5e94\u7248\u672c\u7684 VS Code \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u8f7d\u548c\u5b89\u88c5\u3002

    \u56fe 16-1 \u00a0 \u4ece\u5b98\u7f51\u4e0b\u8f7d VS Code

    VS Code \u62e5\u6709\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u5305\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u548c\u8c03\u8bd5\u3002\u4ee5 Python \u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u5b89\u88c5\u201cPython Extension Pack\u201d\u6269\u5c55\u5305\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5373\u53ef\u8fdb\u884c Python \u4ee3\u7801\u8c03\u8bd5\u3002\u5b89\u88c5\u6b65\u9aa4\u5982\u56fe 16-2 \u6240\u793a\u3002

    \u56fe 16-2 \u00a0 \u5b89\u88c5 VS Code \u6269\u5c55\u5305

    "},{"location":"chapter_appendix/installation/#1612","title":"16.1.2 \u00a0 \u5b89\u88c5\u8bed\u8a00\u73af\u5883","text":""},{"location":"chapter_appendix/installation/#1-python","title":"1. \u00a0 Python \u73af\u5883","text":"
    1. \u4e0b\u8f7d\u5e76\u5b89\u88c5 Miniconda3 \uff0c\u9700\u8981 Python 3.10 \u6216\u66f4\u65b0\u7248\u672c\u3002
    2. \u5728 VS Code \u7684\u63d2\u4ef6\u5e02\u573a\u4e2d\u641c\u7d22 python \uff0c\u5b89\u88c5 Python Extension Pack \u3002
    3. \uff08\u53ef\u9009\uff09\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u8f93\u5165 pip install black \uff0c\u5b89\u88c5\u4ee3\u7801\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u5de5\u5177\u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_appendix/installation/#2-cc","title":"2. \u00a0 C/C++ \u73af\u5883","text":"
    1. Windows \u7cfb\u7edf\u9700\u8981\u5b89\u88c5 MinGW\uff08\u914d\u7f6e\u6559\u7a0b\uff09\uff1bMacOS \u81ea\u5e26 Clang \uff0c\u65e0\u987b\u5b89\u88c5\u3002
    2. \u5728 VS Code \u7684\u63d2\u4ef6\u5e02\u573a\u4e2d\u641c\u7d22 c++ \uff0c\u5b89\u88c5 C/C++ Extension Pack \u3002
    3. \uff08\u53ef\u9009\uff09\u6253\u5f00 Settings \u9875\u9762\uff0c\u641c\u7d22 Clang_format_fallback Style \u4ee3\u7801\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a { BasedOnStyle: Microsoft, BreakBeforeBraces: Attach } \u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_appendix/installation/#3-java","title":"3. \u00a0 Java \u73af\u5883","text":"
    1. \u4e0b\u8f7d\u5e76\u5b89\u88c5 OpenJDK\uff08\u7248\u672c\u9700\u6ee1\u8db3 > JDK 9\uff09\u3002
    2. \u5728 VS Code \u7684\u63d2\u4ef6\u5e02\u573a\u4e2d\u641c\u7d22 java \uff0c\u5b89\u88c5 Extension Pack for Java \u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_appendix/installation/#4-c","title":"4. \u00a0 C# \u73af\u5883","text":"
    1. \u4e0b\u8f7d\u5e76\u5b89\u88c5 .Net 8.0 \u3002
    2. \u5728 VS Code \u7684\u63d2\u4ef6\u5e02\u573a\u4e2d\u641c\u7d22 C# Dev Kit \uff0c\u5b89\u88c5 C# Dev Kit \uff08\u914d\u7f6e\u6559\u7a0b\uff09\u3002
    3. \u4e5f\u53ef\u4f7f\u7528 Visual Studio\uff08\u5b89\u88c5\u6559\u7a0b\uff09\u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_appendix/installation/#5-go","title":"5. \u00a0 Go \u73af\u5883","text":"
    1. \u4e0b\u8f7d\u5e76\u5b89\u88c5 go \u3002
    2. \u5728 VS Code \u7684\u63d2\u4ef6\u5e02\u573a\u4e2d\u641c\u7d22 go \uff0c\u5b89\u88c5 Go \u3002
    3. \u6309\u5feb\u6377\u952e Ctrl + Shift + P \u547c\u51fa\u547d\u4ee4\u680f\uff0c\u8f93\u5165 go \uff0c\u9009\u62e9 Go: Install/Update Tools \uff0c\u5168\u90e8\u52fe\u9009\u5e76\u5b89\u88c5\u5373\u53ef\u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_appendix/installation/#6-swift","title":"6. \u00a0 Swift \u73af\u5883","text":"
    1. \u4e0b\u8f7d\u5e76\u5b89\u88c5 Swift \u3002
    2. \u5728 VS Code \u7684\u63d2\u4ef6\u5e02\u573a\u4e2d\u641c\u7d22 swift \uff0c\u5b89\u88c5 Swift for Visual Studio Code \u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_appendix/installation/#7-javascript","title":"7. \u00a0 JavaScript \u73af\u5883","text":"
    1. \u4e0b\u8f7d\u5e76\u5b89\u88c5 node.js \u3002
    2. \u5728 VS Code \u7684\u63d2\u4ef6\u5e02\u573a\u4e2d\u641c\u7d22 javascript \uff0c\u5b89\u88c5 JavaScript (ES6) code snippets \u3002
    3. \uff08\u53ef\u9009\uff09\u5728 VS Code \u7684\u63d2\u4ef6\u5e02\u573a\u4e2d\u641c\u7d22 Prettier \uff0c\u5b89\u88c5\u4ee3\u7801\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u5de5\u5177\u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_appendix/installation/#8-dart","title":"8. \u00a0 Dart \u73af\u5883","text":"
    1. \u4e0b\u8f7d\u5e76\u5b89\u88c5 Dart \u3002
    2. \u5728 VS Code \u7684\u63d2\u4ef6\u5e02\u573a\u4e2d\u641c\u7d22 dart \uff0c\u5b89\u88c5 Dart \u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_appendix/installation/#9-rust","title":"9. \u00a0 Rust \u73af\u5883","text":"
    1. \u4e0b\u8f7d\u5e76\u5b89\u88c5 Rust \u3002
    2. \u5728 VS Code \u7684\u63d2\u4ef6\u5e02\u573a\u4e2d\u641c\u7d22 rust \uff0c\u5b89\u88c5 rust-analyzer \u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_appendix/terminology/","title":"16.3 \u00a0 \u672f\u8bed\u8868","text":"

    \u8868 16-1 \u5217\u51fa\u4e86\u4e66\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u672f\u8bed\u3002\u5efa\u8bae\u8bfb\u8005\u540c\u65f6\u8bb0\u4f4f\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u4e2d\u82f1\u6587\u53eb\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u9605\u8bfb\u82f1\u6587\u6587\u732e\u3002

    \u8868 16-1 \u00a0 \u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u540d\u8bcd

    \u4e2d\u6587 English \u4e2d\u6587 English \u7b97\u6cd5 algorithm \u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 level-order traversal \u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784 data structure \u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 breadth-first traversal \u6e10\u8fd1\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5206\u6790 asymptotic complexity analysis \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 depth-first traversal \u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 time complexity \u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811 binary search tree \u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 space complexity \u5e73\u8861\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811 balanced binary search tree \u8fed\u4ee3 iteration \u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50 balance factor \u9012\u5f52 recursion \u5806 heap \u5c3e\u9012\u5f52 tail recursion \u5927\u9876\u5806 max heap \u9012\u5f52\u6811 recursion tree \u5c0f\u9876\u5806 min heap \u5927 \\(O\\) \u8bb0\u53f7 big-\\(O\\) notation \u4f18\u5148\u961f\u5217 priority queue \u6e10\u8fd1\u4e0a\u754c asymptotic upper bound \u5806\u5316 heapify \u539f\u7801 sign-magnitude \u56fe graph \u53cd\u7801 1\u2019s complement \u9876\u70b9 vertex \u8865\u7801 2\u2019s complement \u65e0\u5411\u56fe undirected graph \u6570\u7ec4 array \u6709\u5411\u56fe directed graph \u7d22\u5f15 index \u8fde\u901a\u56fe connected graph \u94fe\u8868 linked list \u975e\u8fde\u901a\u56fe disconnected graph \u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9 linked list node, list node \u6709\u6743\u56fe weighted graph \u5217\u8868 list \u90bb\u63a5 adjacency \u52a8\u6001\u6570\u7ec4 dynamic array \u8def\u5f84 path \u786c\u76d8 hard disk \u5165\u5ea6 in-degree \u5185\u5b58 random-access memory (RAM) \u51fa\u5ea6 out-degree \u7f13\u5b58 cache memory \u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635 adjacency matrix \u7f13\u5b58\u672a\u547d\u4e2d cache miss \u90bb\u63a5\u8868 adjacency list \u7f13\u5b58\u547d\u4e2d\u7387 cache hit rate \u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u641c\u7d22 breadth-first search \u6808 stack \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u641c\u7d22 depth-first search \u961f\u5217 queue \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e binary search \u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217 double-ended queue \u641c\u7d22\u7b97\u6cd5 searching algorithm \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 hash table \u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5 sorting algorithm \u6876 bucket \u9009\u62e9\u6392\u5e8f selection sort \u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570 hash function \u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f bubble sort \u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81 hash collision \u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f insertion sort \u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50 load factor \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f quick sort \u94fe\u5f0f\u5730\u5740 separate chaining \u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f merge sort \u5f00\u653e\u5bfb\u5740 open addressing \u5806\u6392\u5e8f heap sort \u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b linear probing \u6876\u6392\u5e8f bucket sort \u61d2\u5220\u9664 lazy deletion \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f counting sort \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811 binary tree \u57fa\u6570\u6392\u5e8f radix sort \u6811\u8282\u70b9 tree node \u5206\u6cbb divide and conquer \u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9 left-child node \u6c49\u8bfa\u5854\u95ee\u9898 hanota problem \u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9 right-child node \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5 backtracking algorithm \u7236\u8282\u70b9 parent node \u7ea6\u675f constraint \u5de6\u5b50\u6811 left subtree \u89e3 solution \u53f3\u5b50\u6811 right subtree \u72b6\u6001 state \u6839\u8282\u70b9 root node \u526a\u679d pruning \u53f6\u8282\u70b9 leaf node \u5168\u6392\u5217\u95ee\u9898 permutations problem \u8fb9 edge \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u95ee\u9898 subset-sum problem \u5c42 level N \u7687\u540e\u95ee\u9898 N-queens problem \u5ea6 degree \u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 dynamic programming \u9ad8\u5ea6 height \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001 initial state \u6df1\u5ea6 depth \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u65b9\u7a0b state-trasition equation \u5b8c\u7f8e\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811 perfect binary tree \u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898 knapsack problem \u5b8c\u5168\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811 complete binary tree \u7f16\u8f91\u8ddd\u79bb\u95ee\u9898 edit distance problem \u5b8c\u6ee1\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811 full binary tree \u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5 greedy algorithm \u5e73\u8861\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811 balanced binary tree AVL \u6811 AVL tree \u7ea2\u9ed1\u6811 red-black tree"},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/","title":"\u7b2c 4 \u7ae0 \u00a0 \u6570\u7ec4\u4e0e\u94fe\u8868","text":"

    Abstract

    \u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u5982\u540c\u4e00\u5835\u539a\u5b9e\u7684\u7816\u5899\u3002

    \u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u7816\u5757\u6574\u9f50\u6392\u5217\uff0c\u9010\u4e2a\u7d27\u8d34\u3002\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u7816\u5757\u5206\u6563\u5404\u5904\uff0c\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u85e4\u8513\u81ea\u7531\u5730\u7a7f\u68ad\u4e8e\u7816\u7f1d\u4e4b\u95f4\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/#_1","title":"\u672c\u7ae0\u5185\u5bb9","text":"
    • 4.1 \u00a0 \u6570\u7ec4
    • 4.2 \u00a0 \u94fe\u8868
    • 4.3 \u00a0 \u5217\u8868
    • 4.4 \u00a0 \u5185\u5b58\u4e0e\u7f13\u5b58 *
    • 4.5 \u00a0 \u5c0f\u7ed3
    "},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/array/","title":"4.1 \u00a0 \u6570\u7ec4","text":"

    \u300c\u6570\u7ec4 array\u300d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7ebf\u6027\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5176\u5c06\u76f8\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5143\u7d20\u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u79f0\u4e3a\u8be5\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u300c\u7d22\u5f15 index\u300d\u3002\u56fe 4-1 \u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u5b58\u50a8\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002

    \u56fe 4-1 \u00a0 \u6570\u7ec4\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e0e\u5b58\u50a8\u65b9\u5f0f

    "},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/array/#411","title":"4.1.1 \u00a0 \u6570\u7ec4\u5e38\u7528\u64cd\u4f5c","text":""},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/array/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4","text":"

    \u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u9700\u6c42\u9009\u7528\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u4e24\u79cd\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a\u65e0\u521d\u59cb\u503c\u3001\u7ed9\u5b9a\u521d\u59cb\u503c\u3002\u5728\u672a\u6307\u5b9a\u521d\u59cb\u503c\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u4f1a\u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e3a \\(0\\) \uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig array.py
    # \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4\narr: list[int] = [0] * 5  # [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]\nnums: list[int] = [1, 3, 2, 5, 4]  \n
    array.cpp
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4 */\n// \u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u6808\u4e0a\nint arr[5];\nint nums[5] = { 1, 3, 2, 5, 4 };\n// \u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u5806\u4e0a\uff08\u9700\u8981\u624b\u52a8\u91ca\u653e\u7a7a\u95f4\uff09\nint* arr1 = new int[5];\nint* nums1 = new int[5] { 1, 3, 2, 5, 4 };\n
    array.java
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4 */\nint[] arr = new int[5]; // { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 }\nint[] nums = { 1, 3, 2, 5, 4 };\n
    array.cs
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4 */\nint[] arr = new int[5]; // [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]\nint[] nums = [1, 3, 2, 5, 4];\n
    array.go
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4 */\nvar arr [5]int\n// \u5728 Go \u4e2d\uff0c\u6307\u5b9a\u957f\u5ea6\u65f6\uff08[5]int\uff09\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u4e0d\u6307\u5b9a\u957f\u5ea6\u65f6\uff08[]int\uff09\u4e3a\u5207\u7247\n// \u7531\u4e8e Go \u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u88ab\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e3a\u5728\u7f16\u8bd1\u671f\u786e\u5b9a\u957f\u5ea6\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53ea\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528\u5e38\u91cf\u6765\u6307\u5b9a\u957f\u5ea6\n// \u4e3a\u4e86\u65b9\u4fbf\u5b9e\u73b0\u6269\u5bb9 extend() \u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5c06\u5207\u7247\uff08Slice\uff09\u770b\u4f5c\u6570\u7ec4\uff08Array\uff09\nnums := []int{1, 3, 2, 5, 4}\n
    array.swift
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4 */\nlet arr = Array(repeating: 0, count: 5) // [0, 0, 0, 0, 0]\nlet nums = [1, 3, 2, 5, 4]\n
    array.js
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4 */\nvar arr = new Array(5).fill(0);\nvar nums = [1, 3, 2, 5, 4];\n
    array.ts
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4 */\nlet arr: number[] = new Array(5).fill(0);\nlet nums: number[] = [1, 3, 2, 5, 4];\n
    array.dart
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4 */\nList<int> arr = List.filled(5, 0); // [0, 0, 0, 0, 0]\nList<int> nums = [1, 3, 2, 5, 4];\n
    array.rs
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4 */\nlet arr: Vec<i32> = vec![0; 5]; // [0, 0, 0, 0, 0]\nlet nums: Vec<i32> = vec![1, 3, 2, 5, 4];\n
    array.c
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4 */\nint arr[5] = { 0 }; // { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 }\nint nums[5] = { 1, 3, 2, 5, 4 };\n
    array.zig
    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4\nvar arr = [_]i32{0} ** 5; // { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 }\nvar nums = [_]i32{ 1, 3, 2, 5, 4 };\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/array/#2","title":"2. \u00a0 \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20","text":"

    \u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u88ab\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u8ba1\u7b97\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\u975e\u5e38\u5bb9\u6613\u3002\u7ed9\u5b9a\u6570\u7ec4\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\uff08\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\uff09\u548c\u67d0\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u56fe 4-2 \u6240\u793a\u7684\u516c\u5f0f\u8ba1\u7b97\u5f97\u5230\u8be5\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u76f4\u63a5\u8bbf\u95ee\u8be5\u5143\u7d20\u3002

    \u56fe 4-2 \u00a0 \u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\u8ba1\u7b97

    \u89c2\u5bdf\u56fe 4-2 \uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a \\(0\\) \uff0c\u8fd9\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6709\u4e9b\u53cd\u76f4\u89c9\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ece \\(1\\) \u5f00\u59cb\u8ba1\u6570\u4f1a\u66f4\u81ea\u7136\u3002\u4f46\u4ece\u5730\u5740\u8ba1\u7b97\u516c\u5f0f\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u7d22\u5f15\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\u7684\u504f\u79fb\u91cf\u3002\u9996\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u5730\u5740\u504f\u79fb\u91cf\u662f \\(0\\) \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a \\(0\\) \u662f\u5408\u7406\u7684\u3002

    \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20\u975e\u5e38\u9ad8\u6548\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728 \\(O(1)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u968f\u673a\u8bbf\u95ee\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u3002

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig array.py
    def random_access(nums: list[int]) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u968f\u673a\u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20\"\"\"\n    # \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [0, len(nums)-1] \u4e2d\u968f\u673a\u62bd\u53d6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\n    random_index = random.randint(0, len(nums) - 1)\n    # \u83b7\u53d6\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u968f\u673a\u5143\u7d20\n    random_num = nums[random_index]\n    return random_num\n
    array.cpp
    /* \u968f\u673a\u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\nint randomAccess(int *nums, int size) {\n    // \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [0, size) \u4e2d\u968f\u673a\u62bd\u53d6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\n    int randomIndex = rand() % size;\n    // \u83b7\u53d6\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u968f\u673a\u5143\u7d20\n    int randomNum = nums[randomIndex];\n    return randomNum;\n}\n
    array.java
    /* \u968f\u673a\u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\nint randomAccess(int[] nums) {\n    // \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [0, nums.length) \u4e2d\u968f\u673a\u62bd\u53d6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\n    int randomIndex = ThreadLocalRandom.current().nextInt(0, nums.length);\n    // \u83b7\u53d6\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u968f\u673a\u5143\u7d20\n    int randomNum = nums[randomIndex];\n    return randomNum;\n}\n
    array.cs
    /* \u968f\u673a\u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\nint RandomAccess(int[] nums) {\n    Random random = new();\n    // \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [0, nums.Length) \u4e2d\u968f\u673a\u62bd\u53d6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\n    int randomIndex = random.Next(nums.Length);\n    // \u83b7\u53d6\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u968f\u673a\u5143\u7d20\n    int randomNum = nums[randomIndex];\n    return randomNum;\n}\n
    array.go
    /* \u968f\u673a\u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunc randomAccess(nums []int) (randomNum int) {\n    // \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [0, nums.length) \u4e2d\u968f\u673a\u62bd\u53d6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\n    randomIndex := rand.Intn(len(nums))\n    // \u83b7\u53d6\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u968f\u673a\u5143\u7d20\n    randomNum = nums[randomIndex]\n    return\n}\n
    array.swift
    /* \u968f\u673a\u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunc randomAccess(nums: [Int]) -> Int {\n    // \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [0, nums.count) \u4e2d\u968f\u673a\u62bd\u53d6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\n    let randomIndex = nums.indices.randomElement()!\n    // \u83b7\u53d6\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u968f\u673a\u5143\u7d20\n    let randomNum = nums[randomIndex]\n    return randomNum\n}\n
    array.js
    /* \u968f\u673a\u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunction randomAccess(nums) {\n    // \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [0, nums.length) \u4e2d\u968f\u673a\u62bd\u53d6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\n    const random_index = Math.floor(Math.random() * nums.length);\n    // \u83b7\u53d6\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u968f\u673a\u5143\u7d20\n    const random_num = nums[random_index];\n    return random_num;\n}\n
    array.ts
    /* \u968f\u673a\u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunction randomAccess(nums: number[]): number {\n    // \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [0, nums.length) \u4e2d\u968f\u673a\u62bd\u53d6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\n    const random_index = Math.floor(Math.random() * nums.length);\n    // \u83b7\u53d6\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u968f\u673a\u5143\u7d20\n    const random_num = nums[random_index];\n    return random_num;\n}\n
    array.dart
    /* \u968f\u673a\u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\nint randomAccess(List<int> nums) {\n  // \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [0, nums.length) \u4e2d\u968f\u673a\u62bd\u53d6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\n  int randomIndex = Random().nextInt(nums.length);\n  // \u83b7\u53d6\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u968f\u673a\u5143\u7d20\n  int randomNum = nums[randomIndex];\n  return randomNum;\n}\n
    array.rs
    /* \u968f\u673a\u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\nfn random_access(nums: &[i32]) -> i32 {\n    // \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [0, nums.len()) \u4e2d\u968f\u673a\u62bd\u53d6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\n    let random_index = rand::thread_rng().gen_range(0..nums.len());\n    // \u83b7\u53d6\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u968f\u673a\u5143\u7d20\n    let random_num = nums[random_index];\n    random_num\n}\n
    array.c
    /* \u968f\u673a\u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\nint randomAccess(int *nums, int size) {\n    // \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [0, size) \u4e2d\u968f\u673a\u62bd\u53d6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\n    int randomIndex = rand() % size;\n    // \u83b7\u53d6\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u968f\u673a\u5143\u7d20\n    int randomNum = nums[randomIndex];\n    return randomNum;\n}\n
    array.zig
    // \u968f\u673a\u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20\nfn randomAccess(nums: []i32) i32 {\n    // \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [0, nums.len) \u4e2d\u968f\u673a\u62bd\u53d6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6574\u6570\n    var randomIndex = std.crypto.random.intRangeLessThan(usize, 0, nums.len);\n    // \u83b7\u53d6\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u968f\u673a\u5143\u7d20\n    var randomNum = nums[randomIndex];\n    return randomNum;\n}\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/array/#3","title":"3. \u00a0 \u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20","text":"

    \u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u662f\u201c\u7d27\u6328\u7740\u7684\u201d\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u6ca1\u6709\u7a7a\u95f4\u518d\u5b58\u653e\u4efb\u4f55\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5982\u56fe 4-3 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5219\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u8be5\u5143\u7d20\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e\u518d\u628a\u5143\u7d20\u8d4b\u503c\u7ed9\u8be5\u7d22\u5f15\u3002

    \u56fe 4-3 \u00a0 \u6570\u7ec4\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20\u793a\u4f8b

    \u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u662f\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u63d2\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5fc5\u5b9a\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u5143\u7d20\u201c\u4e22\u5931\u201d\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u7559\u5728\u201c\u5217\u8868\u201d\u7ae0\u8282\u4e2d\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig array.py
    def insert(nums: list[int], num: int, index: int):\n    \"\"\"\u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 index \u5904\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20 num\"\"\"\n    # \u628a\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4ee5\u53ca\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n    for i in range(len(nums) - 1, index, -1):\n        nums[i] = nums[i - 1]\n    # \u5c06 num \u8d4b\u7ed9 index \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n    nums[index] = num\n
    array.cpp
    /* \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 index \u5904\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20 num */\nvoid insert(int *nums, int size, int num, int index) {\n    // \u628a\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4ee5\u53ca\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n    for (int i = size - 1; i > index; i--) {\n        nums[i] = nums[i - 1];\n    }\n    // \u5c06 num \u8d4b\u7ed9 index \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n    nums[index] = num;\n}\n
    array.java
    /* \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 index \u5904\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20 num */\nvoid insert(int[] nums, int num, int index) {\n    // \u628a\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4ee5\u53ca\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n    for (int i = nums.length - 1; i > index; i--) {\n        nums[i] = nums[i - 1];\n    }\n    // \u5c06 num \u8d4b\u7ed9 index \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n    nums[index] = num;\n}\n
    array.cs
    /* \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 index \u5904\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20 num */\nvoid Insert(int[] nums, int num, int index) {\n    // \u628a\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4ee5\u53ca\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n    for (int i = nums.Length - 1; i > index; i--) {\n        nums[i] = nums[i - 1];\n    }\n    // \u5c06 num \u8d4b\u7ed9 index \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n    nums[index] = num;\n}\n
    array.go
    /* \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 index \u5904\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20 num */\nfunc insert(nums []int, num int, index int) {\n    // \u628a\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4ee5\u53ca\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n    for i := len(nums) - 1; i > index; i-- {\n        nums[i] = nums[i-1]\n    }\n    // \u5c06 num \u8d4b\u7ed9 index \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n    nums[index] = num\n}\n
    array.swift
    /* \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 index \u5904\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20 num */\nfunc insert(nums: inout [Int], num: Int, index: Int) {\n    // \u628a\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4ee5\u53ca\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n    for i in nums.indices.dropFirst(index).reversed() {\n        nums[i] = nums[i - 1]\n    }\n    // \u5c06 num \u8d4b\u7ed9 index \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n    nums[index] = num\n}\n
    array.js
    /* \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 index \u5904\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20 num */\nfunction insert(nums, num, index) {\n    // \u628a\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4ee5\u53ca\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n    for (let i = nums.length - 1; i > index; i--) {\n        nums[i] = nums[i - 1];\n    }\n    // \u5c06 num \u8d4b\u7ed9 index \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n    nums[index] = num;\n}\n
    array.ts
    /* \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 index \u5904\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20 num */\nfunction insert(nums: number[], num: number, index: number): void {\n    // \u628a\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4ee5\u53ca\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n    for (let i = nums.length - 1; i > index; i--) {\n        nums[i] = nums[i - 1];\n    }\n    // \u5c06 num \u8d4b\u7ed9 index \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n    nums[index] = num;\n}\n
    array.dart
    /* \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 index \u5904\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20 _num */\nvoid insert(List<int> nums, int _num, int index) {\n  // \u628a\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4ee5\u53ca\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n  for (var i = nums.length - 1; i > index; i--) {\n    nums[i] = nums[i - 1];\n  }\n  // \u5c06 _num \u8d4b\u7ed9 index \u5904\u5143\u7d20\n  nums[index] = _num;\n}\n
    array.rs
    /* \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 index \u5904\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20 num */\nfn insert(nums: &mut Vec<i32>, num: i32, index: usize) {\n    // \u628a\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4ee5\u53ca\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n    for i in (index + 1..nums.len()).rev() {\n        nums[i] = nums[i - 1];\n    }\n    // \u5c06 num \u8d4b\u7ed9 index \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n    nums[index] = num;\n}\n
    array.c
    /* \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 index \u5904\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20 num */\nvoid insert(int *nums, int size, int num, int index) {\n    // \u628a\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4ee5\u53ca\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n    for (int i = size - 1; i > index; i--) {\n        nums[i] = nums[i - 1];\n    }\n    // \u5c06 num \u8d4b\u7ed9 index \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n    nums[index] = num;\n}\n
    array.zig
    // \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 index \u5904\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20 num\nfn insert(nums: []i32, num: i32, index: usize) void {\n    // \u628a\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4ee5\u53ca\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n    var i = nums.len - 1;\n    while (i > index) : (i -= 1) {\n        nums[i] = nums[i - 1];\n    }\n    // \u5c06 num \u8d4b\u7ed9 index \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n    nums[index] = num;\n}\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/array/#4","title":"4. \u00a0 \u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20","text":"

    \u540c\u7406\uff0c\u5982\u56fe 4-4 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u82e5\u60f3\u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 \\(i\\) \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5219\u9700\u8981\u628a\u7d22\u5f15 \\(i\\) \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u5411\u524d\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\u3002

    \u56fe 4-4 \u00a0 \u6570\u7ec4\u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20\u793a\u4f8b

    \u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u539f\u5148\u672b\u5c3e\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u53d8\u5f97\u201c\u65e0\u610f\u4e49\u201d\u4e86\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u987b\u7279\u610f\u53bb\u4fee\u6539\u5b83\u3002

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig array.py
    def remove(nums: list[int], index: int):\n    \"\"\"\u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\"\"\"\n    # \u628a\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u5411\u524d\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n    for i in range(index, len(nums) - 1):\n        nums[i] = nums[i + 1]\n
    array.cpp
    /* \u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20 */\nvoid remove(int *nums, int size, int index) {\n    // \u628a\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u5411\u524d\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n    for (int i = index; i < size - 1; i++) {\n        nums[i] = nums[i + 1];\n    }\n}\n
    array.java
    /* \u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20 */\nvoid remove(int[] nums, int index) {\n    // \u628a\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u5411\u524d\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n    for (int i = index; i < nums.length - 1; i++) {\n        nums[i] = nums[i + 1];\n    }\n}\n
    array.cs
    /* \u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20 */\nvoid Remove(int[] nums, int index) {\n    // \u628a\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u5411\u524d\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n    for (int i = index; i < nums.Length - 1; i++) {\n        nums[i] = nums[i + 1];\n    }\n}\n
    array.go
    /* \u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunc remove(nums []int, index int) {\n    // \u628a\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u5411\u524d\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n    for i := index; i < len(nums)-1; i++ {\n        nums[i] = nums[i+1]\n    }\n}\n
    array.swift
    /* \u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunc remove(nums: inout [Int], index: Int) {\n    // \u628a\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u5411\u524d\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n    for i in nums.indices.dropFirst(index).dropLast() {\n        nums[i] = nums[i + 1]\n    }\n}\n
    array.js
    /* \u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunction remove(nums, index) {\n    // \u628a\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u5411\u524d\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n    for (let i = index; i < nums.length - 1; i++) {\n        nums[i] = nums[i + 1];\n    }\n}\n
    array.ts
    /* \u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunction remove(nums: number[], index: number): void {\n    // \u628a\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u5411\u524d\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n    for (let i = index; i < nums.length - 1; i++) {\n        nums[i] = nums[i + 1];\n    }\n}\n
    array.dart
    /* \u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20 */\nvoid remove(List<int> nums, int index) {\n  // \u628a\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u5411\u524d\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n  for (var i = index; i < nums.length - 1; i++) {\n    nums[i] = nums[i + 1];\n  }\n}\n
    array.rs
    /* \u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20 */\nfn remove(nums: &mut Vec<i32>, index: usize) {\n    // \u628a\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u5411\u524d\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n    for i in index..nums.len() - 1 {\n        nums[i] = nums[i + 1];\n    }\n}\n
    array.c
    /* \u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20 */\n// \u6ce8\u610f\uff1astdio.h \u5360\u7528\u4e86 remove \u5173\u952e\u8bcd\nvoid removeItem(int *nums, int size, int index) {\n    // \u628a\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u5411\u524d\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n    for (int i = index; i < size - 1; i++) {\n        nums[i] = nums[i + 1];\n    }\n}\n
    array.zig
    // \u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\nfn remove(nums: []i32, index: usize) void {\n    // \u628a\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u5411\u524d\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n    var i = index;\n    while (i < nums.len - 1) : (i += 1) {\n        nums[i] = nums[i + 1];\n    }\n}\n

    \u603b\u7684\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u63d2\u5165\u4e0e\u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7f3a\u70b9\u3002

    • \u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u9ad8\uff1a\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u63d2\u5165\u548c\u5220\u9664\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5747\u4e3a \\(O(n)\\) \uff0c\u5176\u4e2d \\(n\\) \u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u3002
    • \u4e22\u5931\u5143\u7d20\uff1a\u7531\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20\u540e\uff0c\u8d85\u51fa\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u4f1a\u4e22\u5931\u3002
    • \u5185\u5b58\u6d6a\u8d39\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u6bd4\u8f83\u957f\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u53ea\u7528\u524d\u9762\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5728\u63d2\u5165\u6570\u636e\u65f6\uff0c\u4e22\u5931\u7684\u672b\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u662f\u201c\u65e0\u610f\u4e49\u201d\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u6d6a\u8d39\u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/array/#5","title":"5. \u00a0 \u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4","text":"

    \u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u65e2\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u7d22\u5f15\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig array.py
    def traverse(nums: list[int]):\n    \"\"\"\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\"\"\"\n    count = 0\n    # \u901a\u8fc7\u7d22\u5f15\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\n    for i in range(len(nums)):\n        count += nums[i]\n    # \u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\n    for num in nums:\n        count += num\n    # \u540c\u65f6\u904d\u5386\u6570\u636e\u7d22\u5f15\u548c\u5143\u7d20\n    for i, num in enumerate(nums):\n        count += nums[i]\n        count += num\n
    array.cpp
    /* \u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4 */\nvoid traverse(int *nums, int size) {\n    int count = 0;\n    // \u901a\u8fc7\u7d22\u5f15\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\n    for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {\n        count += nums[i];\n    }\n}\n
    array.java
    /* \u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4 */\nvoid traverse(int[] nums) {\n    int count = 0;\n    // \u901a\u8fc7\u7d22\u5f15\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\n    for (int i = 0; i < nums.length; i++) {\n        count += nums[i];\n    }\n    // \u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\n    for (int num : nums) {\n        count += num;\n    }\n}\n
    array.cs
    /* \u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4 */\nvoid Traverse(int[] nums) {\n    int count = 0;\n    // \u901a\u8fc7\u7d22\u5f15\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\n    for (int i = 0; i < nums.Length; i++) {\n        count += nums[i];\n    }\n    // \u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\n    foreach (int num in nums) {\n        count += num;\n    }\n}\n
    array.go
    /* \u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4 */\nfunc traverse(nums []int) {\n    count := 0\n    // \u901a\u8fc7\u7d22\u5f15\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\n    for i := 0; i < len(nums); i++ {\n        count += nums[i]\n    }\n    count = 0\n    // \u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\n    for _, num := range nums {\n        count += num\n    }\n    // \u540c\u65f6\u904d\u5386\u6570\u636e\u7d22\u5f15\u548c\u5143\u7d20\n    for i, num := range nums {\n        count += nums[i]\n        count += num\n    }\n}\n
    array.swift
    /* \u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4 */\nfunc traverse(nums: [Int]) {\n    var count = 0\n    // \u901a\u8fc7\u7d22\u5f15\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\n    for i in nums.indices {\n        count += nums[i]\n    }\n    // \u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\n    for num in nums {\n        count += num\n    }\n}\n
    array.js
    /* \u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4 */\nfunction traverse(nums) {\n    let count = 0;\n    // \u901a\u8fc7\u7d22\u5f15\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\n    for (let i = 0; i < nums.length; i++) {\n        count += nums[i];\n    }\n    // \u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\n    for (const num of nums) {\n        count += num;\n    }\n}\n
    array.ts
    /* \u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4 */\nfunction traverse(nums: number[]): void {\n    let count = 0;\n    // \u901a\u8fc7\u7d22\u5f15\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\n    for (let i = 0; i < nums.length; i++) {\n        count += nums[i];\n    }\n    // \u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\n    for (const num of nums) {\n        count += num;\n    }\n}\n
    array.dart
    /* \u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20 */\nvoid traverse(List<int> nums) {\n  int count = 0;\n  // \u901a\u8fc7\u7d22\u5f15\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\n  for (var i = 0; i < nums.length; i++) {\n    count += nums[i];\n  }\n  // \u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\n  for (int _num in nums) {\n    count += _num;\n  }\n  // \u901a\u8fc7 forEach \u65b9\u6cd5\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\n  nums.forEach((_num) {\n    count += _num;\n  });\n}\n
    array.rs
    /* \u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4 */\nfn traverse(nums: &[i32]) {\n    let mut _count = 0;\n    // \u901a\u8fc7\u7d22\u5f15\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\n    for i in 0..nums.len() {\n        _count += nums[i];\n    }\n    // \u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\n    for num in nums {\n        _count += num;\n    }\n}\n
    array.c
    /* \u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4 */\nvoid traverse(int *nums, int size) {\n    int count = 0;\n    // \u901a\u8fc7\u7d22\u5f15\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\n    for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {\n        count += nums[i];\n    }\n}\n
    array.zig
    // \u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\nfn traverse(nums: []i32) void {\n    var count: i32 = 0;\n    // \u901a\u8fc7\u7d22\u5f15\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\n    var i: i32 = 0;\n    while (i < nums.len) : (i += 1) {\n        count += nums[i];\n    }\n    count = 0;\n    // \u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\n    for (nums) |num| {\n        count += num;\n    }\n}\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/array/#6","title":"6. \u00a0 \u67e5\u627e\u5143\u7d20","text":"

    \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u6307\u5b9a\u5143\u7d20\u9700\u8981\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u6bcf\u8f6e\u5224\u65ad\u5143\u7d20\u503c\u662f\u5426\u5339\u914d\uff0c\u82e5\u5339\u914d\u5219\u8f93\u51fa\u5bf9\u5e94\u7d22\u5f15\u3002

    \u56e0\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u662f\u7ebf\u6027\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e0a\u8ff0\u67e5\u627e\u64cd\u4f5c\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u7ebf\u6027\u67e5\u627e\u201d\u3002

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig array.py
    def find(nums: list[int], target: int) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u6307\u5b9a\u5143\u7d20\"\"\"\n    for i in range(len(nums)):\n        if nums[i] == target:\n            return i\n    return -1\n
    array.cpp
    /* \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u6307\u5b9a\u5143\u7d20 */\nint find(int *nums, int size, int target) {\n    for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {\n        if (nums[i] == target)\n            return i;\n    }\n    return -1;\n}\n
    array.java
    /* \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u6307\u5b9a\u5143\u7d20 */\nint find(int[] nums, int target) {\n    for (int i = 0; i < nums.length; i++) {\n        if (nums[i] == target)\n            return i;\n    }\n    return -1;\n}\n
    array.cs
    /* \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u6307\u5b9a\u5143\u7d20 */\nint Find(int[] nums, int target) {\n    for (int i = 0; i < nums.Length; i++) {\n        if (nums[i] == target)\n            return i;\n    }\n    return -1;\n}\n
    array.go
    /* \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u6307\u5b9a\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunc find(nums []int, target int) (index int) {\n    index = -1\n    for i := 0; i < len(nums); i++ {\n        if nums[i] == target {\n            index = i\n            break\n        }\n    }\n    return\n}\n
    array.swift
    /* \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u6307\u5b9a\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunc find(nums: [Int], target: Int) -> Int {\n    for i in nums.indices {\n        if nums[i] == target {\n            return i\n        }\n    }\n    return -1\n}\n
    array.js
    /* \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u6307\u5b9a\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunction find(nums, target) {\n    for (let i = 0; i < nums.length; i++) {\n        if (nums[i] === target) return i;\n    }\n    return -1;\n}\n
    array.ts
    /* \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u6307\u5b9a\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunction find(nums: number[], target: number): number {\n    for (let i = 0; i < nums.length; i++) {\n        if (nums[i] === target) {\n            return i;\n        }\n    }\n    return -1;\n}\n
    array.dart
    /* \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u6307\u5b9a\u5143\u7d20 */\nint find(List<int> nums, int target) {\n  for (var i = 0; i < nums.length; i++) {\n    if (nums[i] == target) return i;\n  }\n  return -1;\n}\n
    array.rs
    /* \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u6307\u5b9a\u5143\u7d20 */\nfn find(nums: &[i32], target: i32) -> Option<usize> {\n    for i in 0..nums.len() {\n        if nums[i] == target {\n            return Some(i);\n        }\n    }\n    None\n}\n
    array.c
    /* \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u6307\u5b9a\u5143\u7d20 */\nint find(int *nums, int size, int target) {\n    for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {\n        if (nums[i] == target)\n            return i;\n    }\n    return -1;\n}\n
    array.zig
    // \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u6307\u5b9a\u5143\u7d20\nfn find(nums: []i32, target: i32) i32 {\n    for (nums, 0..) |num, i| {\n        if (num == target) return @intCast(i);\n    }\n    return -1;\n}\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/array/#7","title":"7. \u00a0 \u6269\u5bb9\u6570\u7ec4","text":"

    \u5728\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u96be\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6570\u7ec4\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u662f\u53ef\u7528\u7684\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u65e0\u6cd5\u5b89\u5168\u5730\u6269\u5c55\u6570\u7ec4\u5bb9\u91cf\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\uff0c\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u7684\u3002

    \u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u6269\u5bb9\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5219\u9700\u91cd\u65b0\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u628a\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u4f9d\u6b21\u590d\u5236\u5230\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a \\(O(n)\\) \u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u975e\u5e38\u8017\u65f6\u3002\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig array.py
    def extend(nums: list[int], enlarge: int) -> list[int]:\n    \"\"\"\u6269\u5c55\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\"\"\"\n    # \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u6269\u5c55\u957f\u5ea6\u540e\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\n    res = [0] * (len(nums) + enlarge)\n    # \u5c06\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u590d\u5236\u5230\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\n    for i in range(len(nums)):\n        res[i] = nums[i]\n    # \u8fd4\u56de\u6269\u5c55\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\n    return res\n
    array.cpp
    /* \u6269\u5c55\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6 */\nint *extend(int *nums, int size, int enlarge) {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u6269\u5c55\u957f\u5ea6\u540e\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\n    int *res = new int[size + enlarge];\n    // \u5c06\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u590d\u5236\u5230\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\n    for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {\n        res[i] = nums[i];\n    }\n    // \u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\n    delete[] nums;\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u6269\u5c55\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\n    return res;\n}\n
    array.java
    /* \u6269\u5c55\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6 */\nint[] extend(int[] nums, int enlarge) {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u6269\u5c55\u957f\u5ea6\u540e\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\n    int[] res = new int[nums.length + enlarge];\n    // \u5c06\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u590d\u5236\u5230\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\n    for (int i = 0; i < nums.length; i++) {\n        res[i] = nums[i];\n    }\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u6269\u5c55\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\n    return res;\n}\n
    array.cs
    /* \u6269\u5c55\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6 */\nint[] Extend(int[] nums, int enlarge) {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u6269\u5c55\u957f\u5ea6\u540e\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\n    int[] res = new int[nums.Length + enlarge];\n    // \u5c06\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u590d\u5236\u5230\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\n    for (int i = 0; i < nums.Length; i++) {\n        res[i] = nums[i];\n    }\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u6269\u5c55\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\n    return res;\n}\n
    array.go
    /* \u6269\u5c55\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6 */\nfunc extend(nums []int, enlarge int) []int {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u6269\u5c55\u957f\u5ea6\u540e\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\n    res := make([]int, len(nums)+enlarge)\n    // \u5c06\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u590d\u5236\u5230\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\n    for i, num := range nums {\n        res[i] = num\n    }\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u6269\u5c55\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\n    return res\n}\n
    array.swift
    /* \u6269\u5c55\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6 */\nfunc extend(nums: [Int], enlarge: Int) -> [Int] {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u6269\u5c55\u957f\u5ea6\u540e\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\n    var res = Array(repeating: 0, count: nums.count + enlarge)\n    // \u5c06\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u590d\u5236\u5230\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\n    for i in nums.indices {\n        res[i] = nums[i]\n    }\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u6269\u5c55\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\n    return res\n}\n
    array.js
    /* \u6269\u5c55\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6 */\n// \u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0cJavaScript \u7684 Array \u662f\u52a8\u6001\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u6269\u5c55\n// \u4e3a\u4e86\u65b9\u4fbf\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u672c\u51fd\u6570\u5c06 Array \u770b\u4f5c\u957f\u5ea6\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\nfunction extend(nums, enlarge) {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u6269\u5c55\u957f\u5ea6\u540e\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\n    const res = new Array(nums.length + enlarge).fill(0);\n    // \u5c06\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u590d\u5236\u5230\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\n    for (let i = 0; i < nums.length; i++) {\n        res[i] = nums[i];\n    }\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u6269\u5c55\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\n    return res;\n}\n
    array.ts
    /* \u6269\u5c55\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6 */\n// \u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0cTypeScript \u7684 Array \u662f\u52a8\u6001\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u6269\u5c55\n// \u4e3a\u4e86\u65b9\u4fbf\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u672c\u51fd\u6570\u5c06 Array \u770b\u4f5c\u957f\u5ea6\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\nfunction extend(nums: number[], enlarge: number): number[] {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u6269\u5c55\u957f\u5ea6\u540e\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\n    const res = new Array(nums.length + enlarge).fill(0);\n    // \u5c06\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u590d\u5236\u5230\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\n    for (let i = 0; i < nums.length; i++) {\n        res[i] = nums[i];\n    }\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u6269\u5c55\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\n    return res;\n}\n
    array.dart
    /* \u6269\u5c55\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6 */\nList<int> extend(List<int> nums, int enlarge) {\n  // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u6269\u5c55\u957f\u5ea6\u540e\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\n  List<int> res = List.filled(nums.length + enlarge, 0);\n  // \u5c06\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u590d\u5236\u5230\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\n  for (var i = 0; i < nums.length; i++) {\n    res[i] = nums[i];\n  }\n  // \u8fd4\u56de\u6269\u5c55\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\n  return res;\n}\n
    array.rs
    /* \u6269\u5c55\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6 */\nfn extend(nums: Vec<i32>, enlarge: usize) -> Vec<i32> {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u6269\u5c55\u957f\u5ea6\u540e\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\n    let mut res: Vec<i32> = vec![0; nums.len() + enlarge];\n    // \u5c06\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u590d\u5236\u5230\u65b0\n    for i in 0..nums.len() {\n        res[i] = nums[i];\n    }\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u6269\u5c55\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\n    res\n}\n
    array.c
    /* \u6269\u5c55\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6 */\nint *extend(int *nums, int size, int enlarge) {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u6269\u5c55\u957f\u5ea6\u540e\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\n    int *res = (int *)malloc(sizeof(int) * (size + enlarge));\n    // \u5c06\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u590d\u5236\u5230\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\n    for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {\n        res[i] = nums[i];\n    }\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6269\u5c55\u540e\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\n    for (int i = size; i < size + enlarge; i++) {\n        res[i] = 0;\n    }\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u6269\u5c55\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\n    return res;\n}\n
    array.zig
    // \u6269\u5c55\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\nfn extend(mem_allocator: std.mem.Allocator, nums: []i32, enlarge: usize) ![]i32 {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u6269\u5c55\u957f\u5ea6\u540e\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\n    var res = try mem_allocator.alloc(i32, nums.len + enlarge);\n    @memset(res, 0);\n    // \u5c06\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u590d\u5236\u5230\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\n    std.mem.copy(i32, res, nums);\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u6269\u5c55\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\n    return res;\n}\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/array/#412","title":"4.1.2 \u00a0 \u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\u4e0e\u5c40\u9650\u6027","text":"

    \u6570\u7ec4\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u5185\uff0c\u4e14\u5143\u7d20\u7c7b\u578b\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u505a\u6cd5\u5305\u542b\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u5148\u9a8c\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4fe1\u606f\u6765\u4f18\u5316\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u6548\u7387\u3002

    • \u7a7a\u95f4\u6548\u7387\u9ad8\uff1a\u6570\u7ec4\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u5206\u914d\u4e86\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5757\uff0c\u65e0\u987b\u989d\u5916\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u5f00\u9500\u3002
    • \u652f\u6301\u968f\u673a\u8bbf\u95ee\uff1a\u6570\u7ec4\u5141\u8bb8\u5728 \\(O(1)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u8bbf\u95ee\u4efb\u4f55\u5143\u7d20\u3002
    • \u7f13\u5b58\u5c40\u90e8\u6027\uff1a\u5f53\u8bbf\u95ee\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u65f6\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4f1a\u52a0\u8f7d\u5b83\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u7f13\u5b58\u5176\u5468\u56f4\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u501f\u52a9\u9ad8\u901f\u7f13\u5b58\u6765\u63d0\u5347\u540e\u7eed\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6267\u884c\u901f\u5ea6\u3002

    \u8fde\u7eed\u7a7a\u95f4\u5b58\u50a8\u662f\u4e00\u628a\u53cc\u5203\u5251\uff0c\u5176\u5b58\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5c40\u9650\u6027\u3002

    • \u63d2\u5165\u4e0e\u5220\u9664\u6548\u7387\u4f4e\uff1a\u5f53\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u5143\u7d20\u8f83\u591a\u65f6\uff0c\u63d2\u5165\u4e0e\u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c\u9700\u8981\u79fb\u52a8\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u3002
    • \u957f\u5ea6\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\uff1a\u6570\u7ec4\u5728\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u540e\u957f\u5ea6\u5c31\u56fa\u5b9a\u4e86\uff0c\u6269\u5bb9\u6570\u7ec4\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u6570\u636e\u590d\u5236\u5230\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5f00\u9500\u5f88\u5927\u3002
    • \u7a7a\u95f4\u6d6a\u8d39\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u6570\u7ec4\u5206\u914d\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u8d85\u8fc7\u5b9e\u9645\u6240\u9700\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u591a\u4f59\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u5c31\u88ab\u6d6a\u8d39\u4e86\u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/array/#413","title":"4.1.3 \u00a0 \u6570\u7ec4\u5178\u578b\u5e94\u7528","text":"

    \u6570\u7ec4\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u57fa\u7840\u4e14\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u65e2\u9891\u7e41\u5e94\u7528\u5728\u5404\u7c7b\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0\u5404\u79cd\u590d\u6742\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u3002

    • \u968f\u673a\u8bbf\u95ee\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u968f\u673a\u62bd\u53d6\u4e00\u4e9b\u6837\u672c\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6570\u7ec4\u5b58\u50a8\uff0c\u5e76\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u968f\u673a\u5e8f\u5217\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u7d22\u5f15\u5b9e\u73b0\u968f\u673a\u62bd\u6837\u3002
    • \u6392\u5e8f\u548c\u641c\u7d22\uff1a\u6570\u7ec4\u662f\u6392\u5e8f\u548c\u641c\u7d22\u7b97\u6cd5\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u3001\u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f\u3001\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u7b49\u90fd\u4e3b\u8981\u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u3002
    • \u67e5\u627e\u8868\uff1a\u5f53\u9700\u8981\u5feb\u901f\u67e5\u627e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u6216\u5176\u5bf9\u5e94\u5173\u7cfb\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u7ec4\u4f5c\u4e3a\u67e5\u627e\u8868\u3002\u5047\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u5b9e\u73b0\u5b57\u7b26\u5230 ASCII \u7801\u7684\u6620\u5c04\uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u5b57\u7b26\u7684 ASCII \u7801\u503c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u5b58\u653e\u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u5bf9\u5e94\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002
    • \u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\uff1a\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u5927\u91cf\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u5411\u91cf\u3001\u77e9\u9635\u3001\u5f20\u91cf\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7ebf\u6027\u4ee3\u6570\u8fd0\u7b97\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u90fd\u662f\u4ee5\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u6784\u5efa\u7684\u3002\u6570\u7ec4\u662f\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6700\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u3002
    • \u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u5b9e\u73b0\uff1a\u6570\u7ec4\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0\u6808\u3001\u961f\u5217\u3001\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u3001\u5806\u3001\u56fe\u7b49\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u56fe\u7684\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u8868\u793a\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8c\u7ef4\u6570\u7ec4\u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/linked_list/","title":"4.2 \u00a0 \u94fe\u8868","text":"

    \u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u662f\u6240\u6709\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u516c\u5171\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fd0\u884c\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\uff0c\u7a7a\u95f2\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u53ef\u80fd\u6563\u843d\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u5404\u5904\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u5b58\u50a8\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u5f53\u6570\u7ec4\u975e\u5e38\u5927\u65f6\uff0c\u5185\u5b58\u53ef\u80fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u63d0\u4f9b\u5982\u6b64\u5927\u7684\u8fde\u7eed\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u4f18\u52bf\u5c31\u4f53\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\u4e86\u3002

    \u300c\u94fe\u8868 linked list\u300d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7ebf\u6027\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5404\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u5f15\u7528\u201d\u76f8\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u5f15\u7528\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e86\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u5f53\u524d\u8282\u70b9\u8bbf\u95ee\u5230\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u3002

    \u94fe\u8868\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4f7f\u5f97\u5404\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u6563\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u5404\u5904\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\u65e0\u987b\u8fde\u7eed\u3002

    \u56fe 4-5 \u00a0 \u94fe\u8868\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e0e\u5b58\u50a8\u65b9\u5f0f

    \u89c2\u5bdf\u56fe 4-5 \uff0c\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u7ec4\u6210\u5355\u4f4d\u662f\u300c\u8282\u70b9 node\u300d\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u5305\u542b\u4e24\u9879\u6570\u636e\uff1a\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u201c\u503c\u201d\u548c\u6307\u5411\u4e0b\u4e00\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u201c\u5f15\u7528\u201d\u3002

    • \u94fe\u8868\u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u5934\u8282\u70b9\u201d\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u201d\u3002
    • \u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u6307\u5411\u7684\u662f\u201c\u7a7a\u201d\uff0c\u5b83\u5728 Java\u3001C++ \u548c Python \u4e2d\u5206\u522b\u88ab\u8bb0\u4e3a null\u3001nullptr \u548c None \u3002
    • \u5728 C\u3001C++\u3001Go \u548c Rust \u7b49\u652f\u6301\u6307\u9488\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u201c\u5f15\u7528\u201d\u5e94\u88ab\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u201c\u6307\u9488\u201d\u3002

    \u5982\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9 ListNode \u9664\u4e86\u5305\u542b\u503c\uff0c\u8fd8\u9700\u989d\u5916\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f15\u7528\uff08\u6307\u9488\uff09\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u76f8\u540c\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u4e0b\uff0c\u94fe\u8868\u6bd4\u6570\u7ec4\u5360\u7528\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig 
    class ListNode:\n    \"\"\"\u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b\"\"\"\n    def __init__(self, val: int):\n        self.val: int = val               # \u8282\u70b9\u503c\n        self.next: ListNode | None = None # \u6307\u5411\u4e0b\u4e00\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5f15\u7528\n
    /* \u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53 */\nstruct ListNode {\n    int val;         // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\n    ListNode *next;  // \u6307\u5411\u4e0b\u4e00\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6307\u9488\n    ListNode(int x) : val(x), next(nullptr) {}  // \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\n};\n
    /* \u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b */\nclass ListNode {\n    int val;        // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\n    ListNode next;  // \u6307\u5411\u4e0b\u4e00\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5f15\u7528\n    ListNode(int x) { val = x; }  // \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\n}\n
    /* \u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b */\nclass ListNode(int x) {  //\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\n    int val = x;         // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\n    ListNode? next;      // \u6307\u5411\u4e0b\u4e00\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5f15\u7528\n}\n
    /* \u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53 */\ntype ListNode struct {\n    Val  int       // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\n    Next *ListNode // \u6307\u5411\u4e0b\u4e00\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6307\u9488\n}\n\n// NewListNode \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u94fe\u8868\nfunc NewListNode(val int) *ListNode {\n    return &ListNode{\n        Val:  val,\n        Next: nil,\n    }\n}\n
    /* \u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b */\nclass ListNode {\n    var val: Int // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\n    var next: ListNode? // \u6307\u5411\u4e0b\u4e00\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5f15\u7528\n\n    init(x: Int) { // \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\n        val = x\n    }\n}\n
    /* \u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b */\nclass ListNode {\n    constructor(val, next) {\n        this.val = (val === undefined ? 0 : val);       // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\n        this.next = (next === undefined ? null : next); // \u6307\u5411\u4e0b\u4e00\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5f15\u7528\n    }\n}\n
    /* \u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b */\nclass ListNode {\n    val: number;\n    next: ListNode | null;\n    constructor(val?: number, next?: ListNode | null) {\n        this.val = val === undefined ? 0 : val;        // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\n        this.next = next === undefined ? null : next;  // \u6307\u5411\u4e0b\u4e00\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5f15\u7528\n    }\n}\n
    /* \u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b */\nclass ListNode {\n  int val; // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\n  ListNode? next; // \u6307\u5411\u4e0b\u4e00\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5f15\u7528\n  ListNode(this.val, [this.next]); // \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\n}\n
    use std::rc::Rc;\nuse std::cell::RefCell;\n/* \u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b */\n#[derive(Debug)]\nstruct ListNode {\n    val: i32, // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\n    next: Option<Rc<RefCell<ListNode>>>, // \u6307\u5411\u4e0b\u4e00\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6307\u9488\n}\n
    /* \u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53 */\ntypedef struct ListNode {\n    int val;               // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\n    struct ListNode *next; // \u6307\u5411\u4e0b\u4e00\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6307\u9488\n} ListNode;\n\n/* \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570 */\nListNode *newListNode(int val) {\n    ListNode *node;\n    node = (ListNode *) malloc(sizeof(ListNode));\n    node->val = val;\n    node->next = NULL;\n    return node;\n}\n
    // \u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b\npub fn ListNode(comptime T: type) type {\n    return struct {\n        const Self = @This();\n\n        val: T = 0, // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\n        next: ?*Self = null, // \u6307\u5411\u4e0b\u4e00\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6307\u9488\n\n        // \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\n        pub fn init(self: *Self, x: i32) void {\n            self.val = x;\n            self.next = null;\n        }\n    };\n}\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/linked_list/#421","title":"4.2.1 \u00a0 \u94fe\u8868\u5e38\u7528\u64cd\u4f5c","text":""},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/linked_list/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u94fe\u8868","text":"

    \u5efa\u7acb\u94fe\u8868\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u6b65\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u662f\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5404\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b65\u662f\u6784\u5efa\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u5934\u8282\u70b9\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5f15\u7528\u6307\u5411 next \u4f9d\u6b21\u8bbf\u95ee\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\u3002

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig linked_list.py
    # \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u94fe\u8868 1 -> 3 -> 2 -> 5 -> 4\n# \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5404\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\nn0 = ListNode(1)\nn1 = ListNode(3)\nn2 = ListNode(2)\nn3 = ListNode(5)\nn4 = ListNode(4)\n# \u6784\u5efa\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5f15\u7528\nn0.next = n1\nn1.next = n2\nn2.next = n3\nn3.next = n4\n
    linked_list.cpp
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u94fe\u8868 1 -> 3 -> 2 -> 5 -> 4 */\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5404\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\nListNode* n0 = new ListNode(1);\nListNode* n1 = new ListNode(3);\nListNode* n2 = new ListNode(2);\nListNode* n3 = new ListNode(5);\nListNode* n4 = new ListNode(4);\n// \u6784\u5efa\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5f15\u7528\nn0->next = n1;\nn1->next = n2;\nn2->next = n3;\nn3->next = n4;\n
    linked_list.java
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u94fe\u8868 1 -> 3 -> 2 -> 5 -> 4 */\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5404\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\nListNode n0 = new ListNode(1);\nListNode n1 = new ListNode(3);\nListNode n2 = new ListNode(2);\nListNode n3 = new ListNode(5);\nListNode n4 = new ListNode(4);\n// \u6784\u5efa\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5f15\u7528\nn0.next = n1;\nn1.next = n2;\nn2.next = n3;\nn3.next = n4;\n
    linked_list.cs
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u94fe\u8868 1 -> 3 -> 2 -> 5 -> 4 */\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5404\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\nListNode n0 = new(1);\nListNode n1 = new(3);\nListNode n2 = new(2);\nListNode n3 = new(5);\nListNode n4 = new(4);\n// \u6784\u5efa\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5f15\u7528\nn0.next = n1;\nn1.next = n2;\nn2.next = n3;\nn3.next = n4;\n
    linked_list.go
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u94fe\u8868 1 -> 3 -> 2 -> 5 -> 4 */\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5404\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\nn0 := NewListNode(1)\nn1 := NewListNode(3)\nn2 := NewListNode(2)\nn3 := NewListNode(5)\nn4 := NewListNode(4)\n// \u6784\u5efa\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5f15\u7528\nn0.Next = n1\nn1.Next = n2\nn2.Next = n3\nn3.Next = n4\n
    linked_list.swift
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u94fe\u8868 1 -> 3 -> 2 -> 5 -> 4 */\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5404\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\nlet n0 = ListNode(x: 1)\nlet n1 = ListNode(x: 3)\nlet n2 = ListNode(x: 2)\nlet n3 = ListNode(x: 5)\nlet n4 = ListNode(x: 4)\n// \u6784\u5efa\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5f15\u7528\nn0.next = n1\nn1.next = n2\nn2.next = n3\nn3.next = n4\n
    linked_list.js
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u94fe\u8868 1 -> 3 -> 2 -> 5 -> 4 */\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5404\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\nconst n0 = new ListNode(1);\nconst n1 = new ListNode(3);\nconst n2 = new ListNode(2);\nconst n3 = new ListNode(5);\nconst n4 = new ListNode(4);\n// \u6784\u5efa\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5f15\u7528\nn0.next = n1;\nn1.next = n2;\nn2.next = n3;\nn3.next = n4;\n
    linked_list.ts
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u94fe\u8868 1 -> 3 -> 2 -> 5 -> 4 */\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5404\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\nconst n0 = new ListNode(1);\nconst n1 = new ListNode(3);\nconst n2 = new ListNode(2);\nconst n3 = new ListNode(5);\nconst n4 = new ListNode(4);\n// \u6784\u5efa\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5f15\u7528\nn0.next = n1;\nn1.next = n2;\nn2.next = n3;\nn3.next = n4;\n
    linked_list.dart
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u94fe\u8868 1 -> 3 -> 2 -> 5 -> 4 */\\\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5404\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\nListNode n0 = ListNode(1);\nListNode n1 = ListNode(3);\nListNode n2 = ListNode(2);\nListNode n3 = ListNode(5);\nListNode n4 = ListNode(4);\n// \u6784\u5efa\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5f15\u7528\nn0.next = n1;\nn1.next = n2;\nn2.next = n3;\nn3.next = n4;\n
    linked_list.rs
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u94fe\u8868 1 -> 3 -> 2 -> 5 -> 4 */\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5404\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\nlet n0 = Rc::new(RefCell::new(ListNode { val: 1, next: None }));\nlet n1 = Rc::new(RefCell::new(ListNode { val: 3, next: None }));\nlet n2 = Rc::new(RefCell::new(ListNode { val: 2, next: None }));\nlet n3 = Rc::new(RefCell::new(ListNode { val: 5, next: None }));\nlet n4 = Rc::new(RefCell::new(ListNode { val: 4, next: None }));\n\n// \u6784\u5efa\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5f15\u7528\nn0.borrow_mut().next = Some(n1.clone());\nn1.borrow_mut().next = Some(n2.clone());\nn2.borrow_mut().next = Some(n3.clone());\nn3.borrow_mut().next = Some(n4.clone());\n
    linked_list.c
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u94fe\u8868 1 -> 3 -> 2 -> 5 -> 4 */\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5404\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\nListNode* n0 = newListNode(1);\nListNode* n1 = newListNode(3);\nListNode* n2 = newListNode(2);\nListNode* n3 = newListNode(5);\nListNode* n4 = newListNode(4);\n// \u6784\u5efa\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5f15\u7528\nn0->next = n1;\nn1->next = n2;\nn2->next = n3;\nn3->next = n4;\n
    linked_list.zig
    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u94fe\u8868\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5404\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\nvar n0 = inc.ListNode(i32){.val = 1};\nvar n1 = inc.ListNode(i32){.val = 3};\nvar n2 = inc.ListNode(i32){.val = 2};\nvar n3 = inc.ListNode(i32){.val = 5};\nvar n4 = inc.ListNode(i32){.val = 4};\n// \u6784\u5efa\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5f15\u7528\nn0.next = &n1;\nn1.next = &n2;\nn2.next = &n3;\nn3.next = &n4;\n

    \u6570\u7ec4\u6574\u4f53\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u6570\u7ec4 nums \u5305\u542b\u5143\u7d20 nums[0] \u548c nums[1] \u7b49\uff0c\u800c\u94fe\u8868\u662f\u7531\u591a\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u5bf9\u8c61\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u5c06\u5934\u8282\u70b9\u5f53\u4f5c\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u4ee3\u79f0\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u7684\u94fe\u8868\u53ef\u8bb0\u4f5c\u94fe\u8868 n0 \u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/linked_list/#2","title":"2. \u00a0 \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9","text":"

    \u5728\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\u975e\u5e38\u5bb9\u6613\u3002\u5982\u56fe 4-6 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u5728\u76f8\u90bb\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9 n0 \u548c n1 \u4e4b\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u8282\u70b9 P \uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u9700\u6539\u53d8\u4e24\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528\uff08\u6307\u9488\uff09\u5373\u53ef\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(1)\\) \u3002

    \u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n)\\) \uff0c\u5728\u5927\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u4e0b\u7684\u6548\u7387\u8f83\u4f4e\u3002

    \u56fe 4-6 \u00a0 \u94fe\u8868\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\u793a\u4f8b

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig linked_list.py
    def insert(n0: ListNode, P: ListNode):\n    \"\"\"\u5728\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u8282\u70b9 n0 \u4e4b\u540e\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 P\"\"\"\n    n1 = n0.next\n    P.next = n1\n    n0.next = P\n
    linked_list.cpp
    /* \u5728\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u8282\u70b9 n0 \u4e4b\u540e\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 P */\nvoid insert(ListNode *n0, ListNode *P) {\n    ListNode *n1 = n0->next;\n    P->next = n1;\n    n0->next = P;\n}\n
    linked_list.java
    /* \u5728\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u8282\u70b9 n0 \u4e4b\u540e\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 P */\nvoid insert(ListNode n0, ListNode P) {\n    ListNode n1 = n0.next;\n    P.next = n1;\n    n0.next = P;\n}\n
    linked_list.cs
    /* \u5728\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u8282\u70b9 n0 \u4e4b\u540e\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 P */\nvoid Insert(ListNode n0, ListNode P) {\n    ListNode? n1 = n0.next;\n    P.next = n1;\n    n0.next = P;\n}\n
    linked_list.go
    /* \u5728\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u8282\u70b9 n0 \u4e4b\u540e\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 P */\nfunc insertNode(n0 *ListNode, P *ListNode) {\n    n1 := n0.Next\n    P.Next = n1\n    n0.Next = P\n}\n
    linked_list.swift
    /* \u5728\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u8282\u70b9 n0 \u4e4b\u540e\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 P */\nfunc insert(n0: ListNode, P: ListNode) {\n    let n1 = n0.next\n    P.next = n1\n    n0.next = P\n}\n
    linked_list.js
    /* \u5728\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u8282\u70b9 n0 \u4e4b\u540e\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 P */\nfunction insert(n0, P) {\n    const n1 = n0.next;\n    P.next = n1;\n    n0.next = P;\n}\n
    linked_list.ts
    /* \u5728\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u8282\u70b9 n0 \u4e4b\u540e\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 P */\nfunction insert(n0: ListNode, P: ListNode): void {\n    const n1 = n0.next;\n    P.next = n1;\n    n0.next = P;\n}\n
    linked_list.dart
    /* \u5728\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u8282\u70b9 n0 \u4e4b\u540e\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 P */\nvoid insert(ListNode n0, ListNode P) {\n  ListNode? n1 = n0.next;\n  P.next = n1;\n  n0.next = P;\n}\n
    linked_list.rs
    /* \u5728\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u8282\u70b9 n0 \u4e4b\u540e\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 P */\n#[allow(non_snake_case)]\npub fn insert<T>(n0: &Rc<RefCell<ListNode<T>>>, P: Rc<RefCell<ListNode<T>>>) {\n    let n1 =  n0.borrow_mut().next.take();\n    P.borrow_mut().next = n1;\n    n0.borrow_mut().next = Some(P);\n}\n
    linked_list.c
    /* \u5728\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u8282\u70b9 n0 \u4e4b\u540e\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 P */\nvoid insert(ListNode *n0, ListNode *P) {\n    ListNode *n1 = n0->next;\n    P->next = n1;\n    n0->next = P;\n}\n
    linked_list.zig
    // \u5728\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u8282\u70b9 n0 \u4e4b\u540e\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 P\nfn insert(n0: ?*inc.ListNode(i32), P: ?*inc.ListNode(i32)) void {\n    var n1 = n0.?.next;\n    P.?.next = n1;\n    n0.?.next = P;\n}\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/linked_list/#3","title":"3. \u00a0 \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9","text":"

    \u5982\u56fe 4-7 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5728\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u4e5f\u975e\u5e38\u65b9\u4fbf\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u6539\u53d8\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5f15\u7528\uff08\u6307\u9488\uff09\u5373\u53ef\u3002

    \u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5728\u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\u8282\u70b9 P \u4ecd\u7136\u6307\u5411 n1 \uff0c\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u904d\u5386\u6b64\u94fe\u8868\u5df2\u7ecf\u65e0\u6cd5\u8bbf\u95ee\u5230 P \uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740 P \u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0d\u518d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u8be5\u94fe\u8868\u4e86\u3002

    \u56fe 4-7 \u00a0 \u94fe\u8868\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig linked_list.py
    def remove(n0: ListNode):\n    \"\"\"\u5220\u9664\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u8282\u70b9 n0 \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\"\"\"\n    if not n0.next:\n        return\n    # n0 -> P -> n1\n    P = n0.next\n    n1 = P.next\n    n0.next = n1\n
    linked_list.cpp
    /* \u5220\u9664\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u8282\u70b9 n0 \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9 */\nvoid remove(ListNode *n0) {\n    if (n0->next == nullptr)\n        return;\n    // n0 -> P -> n1\n    ListNode *P = n0->next;\n    ListNode *n1 = P->next;\n    n0->next = n1;\n    // \u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\n    delete P;\n}\n
    linked_list.java
    /* \u5220\u9664\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u8282\u70b9 n0 \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9 */\nvoid remove(ListNode n0) {\n    if (n0.next == null)\n        return;\n    // n0 -> P -> n1\n    ListNode P = n0.next;\n    ListNode n1 = P.next;\n    n0.next = n1;\n}\n
    linked_list.cs
    /* \u5220\u9664\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u8282\u70b9 n0 \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9 */\nvoid Remove(ListNode n0) {\n    if (n0.next == null)\n        return;\n    // n0 -> P -> n1\n    ListNode P = n0.next;\n    ListNode? n1 = P.next;\n    n0.next = n1;\n}\n
    linked_list.go
    /* \u5220\u9664\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u8282\u70b9 n0 \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9 */\nfunc removeItem(n0 *ListNode) {\n    if n0.Next == nil {\n        return\n    }\n    // n0 -> P -> n1\n    P := n0.Next\n    n1 := P.Next\n    n0.Next = n1\n}\n
    linked_list.swift
    /* \u5220\u9664\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u8282\u70b9 n0 \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9 */\nfunc remove(n0: ListNode) {\n    if n0.next == nil {\n        return\n    }\n    // n0 -> P -> n1\n    let P = n0.next\n    let n1 = P?.next\n    n0.next = n1\n    P?.next = nil\n}\n
    linked_list.js
    /* \u5220\u9664\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u8282\u70b9 n0 \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9 */\nfunction remove(n0) {\n    if (!n0.next) return;\n    // n0 -> P -> n1\n    const P = n0.next;\n    const n1 = P.next;\n    n0.next = n1;\n}\n
    linked_list.ts
    /* \u5220\u9664\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u8282\u70b9 n0 \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9 */\nfunction remove(n0: ListNode): void {\n    if (!n0.next) {\n        return;\n    }\n    // n0 -> P -> n1\n    const P = n0.next;\n    const n1 = P.next;\n    n0.next = n1;\n}\n
    linked_list.dart
    /* \u5220\u9664\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u8282\u70b9 n0 \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9 */\nvoid remove(ListNode n0) {\n  if (n0.next == null) return;\n  // n0 -> P -> n1\n  ListNode P = n0.next!;\n  ListNode? n1 = P.next;\n  n0.next = n1;\n}\n
    linked_list.rs
    /* \u5220\u9664\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u8282\u70b9 n0 \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9 */\n#[allow(non_snake_case)]\npub fn remove<T>(n0: &Rc<RefCell<ListNode<T>>>) {\n    if n0.borrow().next.is_none() {return};\n    // n0 -> P -> n1\n    let P = n0.borrow_mut().next.take();\n    if let Some(node) = P {\n        let n1 = node.borrow_mut().next.take();\n        n0.borrow_mut().next = n1;\n    }\n}\n
    linked_list.c
    /* \u5220\u9664\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u8282\u70b9 n0 \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9 */\n// \u6ce8\u610f\uff1astdio.h \u5360\u7528\u4e86 remove \u5173\u952e\u8bcd\nvoid removeItem(ListNode *n0) {\n    if (!n0->next)\n        return;\n    // n0 -> P -> n1\n    ListNode *P = n0->next;\n    ListNode *n1 = P->next;\n    n0->next = n1;\n    // \u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\n    free(P);\n}\n
    linked_list.zig
    // \u5220\u9664\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u8282\u70b9 n0 \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\nfn remove(n0: ?*inc.ListNode(i32)) void {\n    if (n0.?.next == null) return;\n    // n0 -> P -> n1\n    var P = n0.?.next;\n    var n1 = P.?.next;\n    n0.?.next = n1;\n}\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/linked_list/#4","title":"4. \u00a0 \u8bbf\u95ee\u8282\u70b9","text":"

    \u5728\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u8bbf\u95ee\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6548\u7387\u8f83\u4f4e\u3002\u5982\u4e0a\u4e00\u8282\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728 \\(O(1)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u4e0b\u8bbf\u95ee\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u94fe\u8868\u5219\u4e0d\u7136\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u9700\u8981\u4ece\u5934\u8282\u70b9\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u9010\u4e2a\u5411\u540e\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u8bbf\u95ee\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u7b2c \\(i\\) \u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u9700\u8981\u5faa\u73af \\(i - 1\\) \u8f6e\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n)\\) \u3002

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig linked_list.py
    def access(head: ListNode, index: int) -> ListNode | None:\n    \"\"\"\u8bbf\u95ee\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a index \u7684\u8282\u70b9\"\"\"\n    for _ in range(index):\n        if not head:\n            return None\n        head = head.next\n    return head\n
    linked_list.cpp
    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a index \u7684\u8282\u70b9 */\nListNode *access(ListNode *head, int index) {\n    for (int i = 0; i < index; i++) {\n        if (head == nullptr)\n            return nullptr;\n        head = head->next;\n    }\n    return head;\n}\n
    linked_list.java
    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a index \u7684\u8282\u70b9 */\nListNode access(ListNode head, int index) {\n    for (int i = 0; i < index; i++) {\n        if (head == null)\n            return null;\n        head = head.next;\n    }\n    return head;\n}\n
    linked_list.cs
    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a index \u7684\u8282\u70b9 */\nListNode? Access(ListNode? head, int index) {\n    for (int i = 0; i < index; i++) {\n        if (head == null)\n            return null;\n        head = head.next;\n    }\n    return head;\n}\n
    linked_list.go
    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a index \u7684\u8282\u70b9 */\nfunc access(head *ListNode, index int) *ListNode {\n    for i := 0; i < index; i++ {\n        if head == nil {\n            return nil\n        }\n        head = head.Next\n    }\n    return head\n}\n
    linked_list.swift
    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a index \u7684\u8282\u70b9 */\nfunc access(head: ListNode, index: Int) -> ListNode? {\n    var head: ListNode? = head\n    for _ in 0 ..< index {\n        if head == nil {\n            return nil\n        }\n        head = head?.next\n    }\n    return head\n}\n
    linked_list.js
    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a index \u7684\u8282\u70b9 */\nfunction access(head, index) {\n    for (let i = 0; i < index; i++) {\n        if (!head) {\n            return null;\n        }\n        head = head.next;\n    }\n    return head;\n}\n
    linked_list.ts
    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a index \u7684\u8282\u70b9 */\nfunction access(head: ListNode | null, index: number): ListNode | null {\n    for (let i = 0; i < index; i++) {\n        if (!head) {\n            return null;\n        }\n        head = head.next;\n    }\n    return head;\n}\n
    linked_list.dart
    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a index \u7684\u8282\u70b9 */\nListNode? access(ListNode? head, int index) {\n  for (var i = 0; i < index; i++) {\n    if (head == null) return null;\n    head = head.next;\n  }\n  return head;\n}\n
    linked_list.rs
    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a index \u7684\u8282\u70b9 */\npub fn access<T>(head: Rc<RefCell<ListNode<T>>>, index: i32) -> Rc<RefCell<ListNode<T>>> {\n    if index <= 0 {return head};\n    if let Some(node) = &head.borrow_mut().next {\n        return access(node.clone(), index - 1);\n    }\n    return head;\n}\n
    linked_list.c
    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a index \u7684\u8282\u70b9 */\nListNode *access(ListNode *head, int index) {\n    for (int i = 0; i < index; i++) {\n        if (head == NULL)\n            return NULL;\n        head = head->next;\n    }\n    return head;\n}\n
    linked_list.zig
    // \u8bbf\u95ee\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a index \u7684\u8282\u70b9\nfn access(node: ?*inc.ListNode(i32), index: i32) ?*inc.ListNode(i32) {\n    var head = node;\n    var i: i32 = 0;\n    while (i < index) : (i += 1) {\n        head = head.?.next;\n        if (head == null) return null;\n    }\n    return head;\n}\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/linked_list/#5","title":"5. \u00a0 \u67e5\u627e\u8282\u70b9","text":"

    \u904d\u5386\u94fe\u8868\uff0c\u67e5\u627e\u5176\u4e2d\u503c\u4e3a target \u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8f93\u51fa\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u5728\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u3002\u6b64\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e5f\u5c5e\u4e8e\u7ebf\u6027\u67e5\u627e\u3002\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig linked_list.py
    def find(head: ListNode, target: int) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u5728\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u503c\u4e3a target \u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\"\"\"\n    index = 0\n    while head:\n        if head.val == target:\n            return index\n        head = head.next\n        index += 1\n    return -1\n
    linked_list.cpp
    /* \u5728\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u503c\u4e3a target \u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9 */\nint find(ListNode *head, int target) {\n    int index = 0;\n    while (head != nullptr) {\n        if (head->val == target)\n            return index;\n        head = head->next;\n        index++;\n    }\n    return -1;\n}\n
    linked_list.java
    /* \u5728\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u503c\u4e3a target \u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9 */\nint find(ListNode head, int target) {\n    int index = 0;\n    while (head != null) {\n        if (head.val == target)\n            return index;\n        head = head.next;\n        index++;\n    }\n    return -1;\n}\n
    linked_list.cs
    /* \u5728\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u503c\u4e3a target \u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9 */\nint Find(ListNode? head, int target) {\n    int index = 0;\n    while (head != null) {\n        if (head.val == target)\n            return index;\n        head = head.next;\n        index++;\n    }\n    return -1;\n}\n
    linked_list.go
    /* \u5728\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u503c\u4e3a target \u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9 */\nfunc findNode(head *ListNode, target int) int {\n    index := 0\n    for head != nil {\n        if head.Val == target {\n            return index\n        }\n        head = head.Next\n        index++\n    }\n    return -1\n}\n
    linked_list.swift
    /* \u5728\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u503c\u4e3a target \u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9 */\nfunc find(head: ListNode, target: Int) -> Int {\n    var head: ListNode? = head\n    var index = 0\n    while head != nil {\n        if head?.val == target {\n            return index\n        }\n        head = head?.next\n        index += 1\n    }\n    return -1\n}\n
    linked_list.js
    /* \u5728\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u503c\u4e3a target \u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9 */\nfunction find(head, target) {\n    let index = 0;\n    while (head !== null) {\n        if (head.val === target) {\n            return index;\n        }\n        head = head.next;\n        index += 1;\n    }\n    return -1;\n}\n
    linked_list.ts
    /* \u5728\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u503c\u4e3a target \u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9 */\nfunction find(head: ListNode | null, target: number): number {\n    let index = 0;\n    while (head !== null) {\n        if (head.val === target) {\n            return index;\n        }\n        head = head.next;\n        index += 1;\n    }\n    return -1;\n}\n
    linked_list.dart
    /* \u5728\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u503c\u4e3a target \u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9 */\nint find(ListNode? head, int target) {\n  int index = 0;\n  while (head != null) {\n    if (head.val == target) {\n      return index;\n    }\n    head = head.next;\n    index++;\n  }\n  return -1;\n}\n
    linked_list.rs
    /* \u5728\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u503c\u4e3a target \u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9 */\npub fn find<T: PartialEq>(head: Rc<RefCell<ListNode<T>>>, target: T, index: i32) -> i32 {\n    if head.borrow().val == target {return index};\n    if let Some(node) = &head.borrow_mut().next {\n        return find(node.clone(), target, index + 1);\n    }\n    return -1;\n}\n
    linked_list.c
    /* \u5728\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u503c\u4e3a target \u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9 */\nint find(ListNode *head, int target) {\n    int index = 0;\n    while (head) {\n        if (head->val == target)\n            return index;\n        head = head->next;\n        index++;\n    }\n    return -1;\n}\n
    linked_list.zig
    // \u5728\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u503c\u4e3a target \u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\nfn find(node: ?*inc.ListNode(i32), target: i32) i32 {\n    var head = node;\n    var index: i32 = 0;\n    while (head != null) {\n        if (head.?.val == target) return index;\n        head = head.?.next;\n        index += 1;\n    }\n    return -1;\n}\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/linked_list/#422-vs","title":"4.2.2 \u00a0 \u6570\u7ec4 vs. \u94fe\u8868","text":"

    \u8868 4-1 \u603b\u7ed3\u4e86\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u5404\u9879\u7279\u70b9\u5e76\u5bf9\u6bd4\u4e86\u64cd\u4f5c\u6548\u7387\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5b83\u4eec\u91c7\u7528\u4e24\u79cd\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5404\u79cd\u6027\u8d28\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u6548\u7387\u4e5f\u5448\u73b0\u5bf9\u7acb\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u3002

    \u8868 4-1 \u00a0 \u6570\u7ec4\u4e0e\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u6548\u7387\u5bf9\u6bd4

    \u6570\u7ec4 \u94fe\u8868 \u5b58\u50a8\u65b9\u5f0f \u8fde\u7eed\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4 \u5206\u6563\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4 \u5bb9\u91cf\u6269\u5c55 \u957f\u5ea6\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8 \u53ef\u7075\u6d3b\u6269\u5c55 \u5185\u5b58\u6548\u7387 \u5143\u7d20\u5360\u7528\u5185\u5b58\u5c11\u3001\u4f46\u53ef\u80fd\u6d6a\u8d39\u7a7a\u95f4 \u5143\u7d20\u5360\u7528\u5185\u5b58\u591a \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 \\(O(1)\\) \\(O(n)\\) \u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20 \\(O(n)\\) \\(O(1)\\) \u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20 \\(O(n)\\) \\(O(1)\\)"},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/linked_list/#423","title":"4.2.3 \u00a0 \u5e38\u89c1\u94fe\u8868\u7c7b\u578b","text":"

    \u5982\u56fe 4-8 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u94fe\u8868\u7c7b\u578b\u5305\u62ec\u4e09\u79cd\u3002

    • \u5355\u5411\u94fe\u8868\uff1a\u5373\u524d\u9762\u4ecb\u7ecd\u7684\u666e\u901a\u94fe\u8868\u3002\u5355\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u5305\u542b\u503c\u548c\u6307\u5411\u4e0b\u4e00\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u4e24\u9879\u6570\u636e\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u9996\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u79f0\u4e3a\u5934\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5c06\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u79f0\u4e3a\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u6307\u5411\u7a7a None \u3002
    • \u73af\u5f62\u94fe\u8868\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u4ee4\u5355\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u6307\u5411\u5934\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u9996\u5c3e\u76f8\u63a5\uff09\uff0c\u5219\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u73af\u5f62\u94fe\u8868\u3002\u5728\u73af\u5f62\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\uff0c\u4efb\u610f\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u89c6\u4f5c\u5934\u8282\u70b9\u3002
    • \u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\uff1a\u4e0e\u5355\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u3002\u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u5b9a\u4e49\u540c\u65f6\u5305\u542b\u6307\u5411\u540e\u7ee7\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\uff09\u548c\u524d\u9a71\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\uff09\u7684\u5f15\u7528\uff08\u6307\u9488\uff09\u3002\u76f8\u8f83\u4e8e\u5355\u5411\u94fe\u8868\uff0c\u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u66f4\u5177\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u671d\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411\u904d\u5386\u94fe\u8868\uff0c\u4f46\u76f8\u5e94\u5730\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u5360\u7528\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002
    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig 
    class ListNode:\n    \"\"\"\u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b\"\"\"\n    def __init__(self, val: int):\n        self.val: int = val                # \u8282\u70b9\u503c\n        self.next: ListNode | None = None  # \u6307\u5411\u540e\u7ee7\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5f15\u7528\n        self.prev: ListNode | None = None  # \u6307\u5411\u524d\u9a71\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5f15\u7528\n
    /* \u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53 */\nstruct ListNode {\n    int val;         // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\n    ListNode *next;  // \u6307\u5411\u540e\u7ee7\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6307\u9488\n    ListNode *prev;  // \u6307\u5411\u524d\u9a71\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6307\u9488\n    ListNode(int x) : val(x), next(nullptr), prev(nullptr) {}  // \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\n};\n
    /* \u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b */\nclass ListNode {\n    int val;        // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\n    ListNode next;  // \u6307\u5411\u540e\u7ee7\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5f15\u7528\n    ListNode prev;  // \u6307\u5411\u524d\u9a71\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5f15\u7528\n    ListNode(int x) { val = x; }  // \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\n}\n
    /* \u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b */\nclass ListNode(int x) {  // \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\n    int val = x;    // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\n    ListNode next;  // \u6307\u5411\u540e\u7ee7\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5f15\u7528\n    ListNode prev;  // \u6307\u5411\u524d\u9a71\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5f15\u7528\n}\n
    /* \u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53 */\ntype DoublyListNode struct {\n    Val  int             // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\n    Next *DoublyListNode // \u6307\u5411\u540e\u7ee7\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6307\u9488\n    Prev *DoublyListNode // \u6307\u5411\u524d\u9a71\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6307\u9488\n}\n\n// NewDoublyListNode \u521d\u59cb\u5316\nfunc NewDoublyListNode(val int) *DoublyListNode {\n    return &DoublyListNode{\n        Val:  val,\n        Next: nil,\n        Prev: nil,\n    }\n}\n
    /* \u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b */\nclass ListNode {\n    var val: Int // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\n    var next: ListNode? // \u6307\u5411\u540e\u7ee7\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5f15\u7528\n    var prev: ListNode? // \u6307\u5411\u524d\u9a71\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5f15\u7528\n\n    init(x: Int) { // \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\n        val = x\n    }\n}\n
    /* \u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b */\nclass ListNode {\n    constructor(val, next, prev) {\n        this.val = val  ===  undefined ? 0 : val;        // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\n        this.next = next  ===  undefined ? null : next;  // \u6307\u5411\u540e\u7ee7\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5f15\u7528\n        this.prev = prev  ===  undefined ? null : prev;  // \u6307\u5411\u524d\u9a71\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5f15\u7528\n    }\n}\n
    /* \u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b */\nclass ListNode {\n    val: number;\n    next: ListNode | null;\n    prev: ListNode | null;\n    constructor(val?: number, next?: ListNode | null, prev?: ListNode | null) {\n        this.val = val  ===  undefined ? 0 : val;        // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\n        this.next = next  ===  undefined ? null : next;  // \u6307\u5411\u540e\u7ee7\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5f15\u7528\n        this.prev = prev  ===  undefined ? null : prev;  // \u6307\u5411\u524d\u9a71\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5f15\u7528\n    }\n}\n
    /* \u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b */\nclass ListNode {\n    int val;        // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\n    ListNode next;  // \u6307\u5411\u540e\u7ee7\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5f15\u7528\n    ListNode prev;  // \u6307\u5411\u524d\u9a71\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5f15\u7528\n    ListNode(this.val, [this.next, this.prev]);  // \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\n}\n
    use std::rc::Rc;\nuse std::cell::RefCell;\n\n/* \u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b\u578b */\n#[derive(Debug)]\nstruct ListNode {\n    val: i32, // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\n    next: Option<Rc<RefCell<ListNode>>>, // \u6307\u5411\u540e\u7ee7\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6307\u9488\n    prev: Option<Rc<RefCell<ListNode>>>, // \u6307\u5411\u524d\u9a71\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6307\u9488\n}\n\n/* \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570 */\nimpl ListNode {\n    fn new(val: i32) -> Self {\n        ListNode {\n            val,\n            next: None,\n            prev: None,\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    /* \u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53 */\ntypedef struct ListNode {\n    int val;               // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\n    struct ListNode *next; // \u6307\u5411\u540e\u7ee7\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6307\u9488\n    struct ListNode *prev; // \u6307\u5411\u524d\u9a71\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6307\u9488\n} ListNode;\n\n/* \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570 */\nListNode *newListNode(int val) {\n    ListNode *node;\n    node = (ListNode *) malloc(sizeof(ListNode));\n    node->val = val;\n    node->next = NULL;\n    node->prev = NULL;\n    return node;\n}\n
    // \u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b\npub fn ListNode(comptime T: type) type {\n    return struct {\n        const Self = @This();\n\n        val: T = 0, // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\n        next: ?*Self = null, // \u6307\u5411\u540e\u7ee7\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6307\u9488\n        prev: ?*Self = null, // \u6307\u5411\u524d\u9a71\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6307\u9488\n\n        // \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\n        pub fn init(self: *Self, x: i32) void {\n            self.val = x;\n            self.next = null;\n            self.prev = null;\n        }\n    };\n}\n

    \u56fe 4-8 \u00a0 \u5e38\u89c1\u94fe\u8868\u79cd\u7c7b

    "},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/linked_list/#424","title":"4.2.4 \u00a0 \u94fe\u8868\u5178\u578b\u5e94\u7528","text":"

    \u5355\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0\u6808\u3001\u961f\u5217\u3001\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u548c\u56fe\u7b49\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u3002

    • \u6808\u4e0e\u961f\u5217\uff1a\u5f53\u63d2\u5165\u548c\u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c\u90fd\u5728\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u4e00\u7aef\u8fdb\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u5148\u8fdb\u540e\u51fa\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u5bf9\u5e94\u6808\uff1b\u5f53\u63d2\u5165\u64cd\u4f5c\u5728\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u4e00\u7aef\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c\u5728\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u7aef\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u5b83\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u5148\u8fdb\u5148\u51fa\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u5bf9\u5e94\u961f\u5217\u3002
    • \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff1a\u94fe\u5f0f\u5730\u5740\u662f\u89e3\u51b3\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u4e3b\u6d41\u65b9\u6848\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5728\u8be5\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u653e\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u3002
    • \u56fe\uff1a\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u662f\u8868\u793a\u56fe\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u5e38\u7528\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u56fe\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u9876\u70b9\u90fd\u4e0e\u4e00\u4e2a\u94fe\u8868\u76f8\u5173\u8054\uff0c\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u4ee3\u8868\u4e0e\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u76f8\u8fde\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u9876\u70b9\u3002

    \u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u5feb\u901f\u67e5\u627e\u524d\u4e00\u4e2a\u548c\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u573a\u666f\u3002

    • \u9ad8\u7ea7\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a\u6bd4\u5982\u5728\u7ea2\u9ed1\u6811\u3001B \u6811\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u8bbf\u95ee\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7236\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u8282\u70b9\u4e2d\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u5411\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u3002
    • \u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u5386\u53f2\uff1a\u5728\u7f51\u9875\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f53\u7528\u6237\u70b9\u51fb\u524d\u8fdb\u6216\u540e\u9000\u6309\u94ae\u65f6\uff0c\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u9700\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u7528\u6237\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u524d\u4e00\u4e2a\u548c\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51\u9875\u3002\u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u7279\u6027\u4f7f\u5f97\u8fd9\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u53d8\u5f97\u7b80\u5355\u3002
    • LRU \u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5728\u7f13\u5b58\u6dd8\u6c70\uff08LRU\uff09\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5feb\u901f\u627e\u5230\u6700\u8fd1\u6700\u5c11\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u652f\u6301\u5feb\u901f\u6dfb\u52a0\u548c\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\u5019\u4f7f\u7528\u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u5c31\u975e\u5e38\u5408\u9002\u3002

    \u73af\u5f62\u94fe\u8868\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u5468\u671f\u6027\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u8c03\u5ea6\u3002

    • \u65f6\u95f4\u7247\u8f6e\u8f6c\u8c03\u5ea6\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5728\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u7247\u8f6e\u8f6c\u8c03\u5ea6\u7b97\u6cd5\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5e38\u89c1\u7684 CPU \u8c03\u5ea6\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b83\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u4e00\u7ec4\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8fdb\u884c\u5faa\u73af\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u88ab\u8d4b\u4e88\u4e00\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u7247\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u95f4\u7247\u7528\u5b8c\u65f6\uff0cCPU \u5c06\u5207\u6362\u5230\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5faa\u73af\u64cd\u4f5c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u73af\u5f62\u94fe\u8868\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002
    • \u6570\u636e\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\uff1a\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u73af\u5f62\u94fe\u8868\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u5728\u97f3\u9891\u3001\u89c6\u9891\u64ad\u653e\u5668\u4e2d\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u6d41\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u5206\u6210\u591a\u4e2a\u7f13\u51b2\u5757\u5e76\u653e\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u73af\u5f62\u94fe\u8868\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5b9e\u73b0\u65e0\u7f1d\u64ad\u653e\u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/list/","title":"4.3 \u00a0 \u5217\u8868","text":"

    \u300c\u5217\u8868 list\u300d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5b83\u8868\u793a\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6709\u5e8f\u96c6\u5408\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u5143\u7d20\u8bbf\u95ee\u3001\u4fee\u6539\u3001\u6dfb\u52a0\u3001\u5220\u9664\u548c\u904d\u5386\u7b49\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u65e0\u987b\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u8003\u8651\u5bb9\u91cf\u9650\u5236\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5217\u8868\u53ef\u4ee5\u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u6216\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002

    • \u94fe\u8868\u5929\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u4f5c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u5176\u652f\u6301\u5143\u7d20\u589e\u5220\u67e5\u6539\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u7075\u6d3b\u52a8\u6001\u6269\u5bb9\u3002
    • \u6570\u7ec4\u4e5f\u652f\u6301\u5143\u7d20\u589e\u5220\u67e5\u6539\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u5176\u957f\u5ea6\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53ea\u80fd\u770b\u4f5c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u6709\u957f\u5ea6\u9650\u5236\u7684\u5217\u8868\u3002

    \u5f53\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u5217\u8868\u65f6\uff0c\u957f\u5ea6\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5217\u8868\u7684\u5b9e\u7528\u6027\u964d\u4f4e\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u65e0\u6cd5\u4e8b\u5148\u786e\u5b9a\u9700\u8981\u5b58\u50a8\u591a\u5c11\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u96be\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u5217\u8868\u957f\u5ea6\u3002\u82e5\u957f\u5ea6\u8fc7\u5c0f\uff0c\u5219\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u6ee1\u8db3\u4f7f\u7528\u9700\u6c42\uff1b\u82e5\u957f\u5ea6\u8fc7\u5927\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u6d6a\u8d39\u3002

    \u4e3a\u89e3\u51b3\u6b64\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u300c\u52a8\u6001\u6570\u7ec4 dynamic array\u300d\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u5217\u8868\u3002\u5b83\u7ee7\u627f\u4e86\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5404\u9879\u4f18\u70b9\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u52a8\u6001\u6269\u5bb9\u3002

    \u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u5217\u8868\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u52a8\u6001\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 Python \u4e2d\u7684 list \u3001Java \u4e2d\u7684 ArrayList \u3001C++ \u4e2d\u7684 vector \u548c C# \u4e2d\u7684 List \u7b49\u3002\u5728\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u628a\u201c\u5217\u8868\u201d\u548c\u201c\u52a8\u6001\u6570\u7ec4\u201d\u89c6\u4e3a\u7b49\u540c\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/list/#431","title":"4.3.1 \u00a0 \u5217\u8868\u5e38\u7528\u64cd\u4f5c","text":""},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/list/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5217\u8868","text":"

    \u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u201c\u65e0\u521d\u59cb\u503c\u201d\u548c\u201c\u6709\u521d\u59cb\u503c\u201d\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig list.py
    # \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5217\u8868\n# \u65e0\u521d\u59cb\u503c\nnums1: list[int] = []\n# \u6709\u521d\u59cb\u503c\nnums: list[int] = [1, 3, 2, 5, 4]\n
    list.cpp
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5217\u8868 */\n// \u9700\u6ce8\u610f\uff0cC++ \u4e2d vector \u5373\u662f\u672c\u6587\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684 nums\n// \u65e0\u521d\u59cb\u503c\nvector<int> nums1;\n// \u6709\u521d\u59cb\u503c\nvector<int> nums = { 1, 3, 2, 5, 4 };\n
    list.java
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5217\u8868 */\n// \u65e0\u521d\u59cb\u503c\nList<Integer> nums1 = new ArrayList<>();\n// \u6709\u521d\u59cb\u503c\uff08\u6ce8\u610f\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u7c7b\u578b\u9700\u4e3a int[] \u7684\u5305\u88c5\u7c7b Integer[]\uff09\nInteger[] numbers = new Integer[] { 1, 3, 2, 5, 4 };\nList<Integer> nums = new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList(numbers));\n
    list.cs
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5217\u8868 */\n// \u65e0\u521d\u59cb\u503c\nList<int> nums1 = [];\n// \u6709\u521d\u59cb\u503c\nint[] numbers = [1, 3, 2, 5, 4];\nList<int> nums = [.. numbers];\n
    list_test.go
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5217\u8868 */\n// \u65e0\u521d\u59cb\u503c\nnums1 := []int{}\n// \u6709\u521d\u59cb\u503c\nnums := []int{1, 3, 2, 5, 4}\n
    list.swift
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5217\u8868 */\n// \u65e0\u521d\u59cb\u503c\nlet nums1: [Int] = []\n// \u6709\u521d\u59cb\u503c\nvar nums = [1, 3, 2, 5, 4]\n
    list.js
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5217\u8868 */\n// \u65e0\u521d\u59cb\u503c\nconst nums1 = [];\n// \u6709\u521d\u59cb\u503c\nconst nums = [1, 3, 2, 5, 4];\n
    list.ts
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5217\u8868 */\n// \u65e0\u521d\u59cb\u503c\nconst nums1: number[] = [];\n// \u6709\u521d\u59cb\u503c\nconst nums: number[] = [1, 3, 2, 5, 4];\n
    list.dart
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5217\u8868 */\n// \u65e0\u521d\u59cb\u503c\nList<int> nums1 = [];\n// \u6709\u521d\u59cb\u503c\nList<int> nums = [1, 3, 2, 5, 4];\n
    list.rs
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5217\u8868 */\n// \u65e0\u521d\u59cb\u503c\nlet nums1: Vec<i32> = Vec::new();\n// \u6709\u521d\u59cb\u503c\nlet nums: Vec<i32> = vec![1, 3, 2, 5, 4];\n
    list.c
    // C \u672a\u63d0\u4f9b\u5185\u7f6e\u52a8\u6001\u6570\u7ec4\n
    list.zig
    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5217\u8868\nvar nums = std.ArrayList(i32).init(std.heap.page_allocator);\ndefer nums.deinit();\ntry nums.appendSlice(&[_]i32{ 1, 3, 2, 5, 4 });\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/list/#2","title":"2. \u00a0 \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20","text":"

    \u5217\u8868\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728 \\(O(1)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u8bbf\u95ee\u548c\u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u6548\u7387\u5f88\u9ad8\u3002

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig list.py
    # \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20\nnum: int = nums[1]  # \u8bbf\u95ee\u7d22\u5f15 1 \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n\n# \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\nnums[1] = 0    # \u5c06\u7d22\u5f15 1 \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u66f4\u65b0\u4e3a 0\n
    list.cpp
    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\nint num = nums[1];  // \u8bbf\u95ee\u7d22\u5f15 1 \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20 */\nnums[1] = 0;  // \u5c06\u7d22\u5f15 1 \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u66f4\u65b0\u4e3a 0\n
    list.java
    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\nint num = nums.get(1);  // \u8bbf\u95ee\u7d22\u5f15 1 \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20 */\nnums.set(1, 0);  // \u5c06\u7d22\u5f15 1 \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u66f4\u65b0\u4e3a 0\n
    list.cs
    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\nint num = nums[1];  // \u8bbf\u95ee\u7d22\u5f15 1 \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20 */\nnums[1] = 0;  // \u5c06\u7d22\u5f15 1 \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u66f4\u65b0\u4e3a 0\n
    list_test.go
    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\nnum := nums[1]  // \u8bbf\u95ee\u7d22\u5f15 1 \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20 */\nnums[1] = 0     // \u5c06\u7d22\u5f15 1 \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u66f4\u65b0\u4e3a 0\n
    list.swift
    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\nlet num = nums[1] // \u8bbf\u95ee\u7d22\u5f15 1 \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20 */\nnums[1] = 0 // \u5c06\u7d22\u5f15 1 \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u66f4\u65b0\u4e3a 0\n
    list.js
    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\nconst num = nums[1];  // \u8bbf\u95ee\u7d22\u5f15 1 \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20 */\nnums[1] = 0;  // \u5c06\u7d22\u5f15 1 \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u66f4\u65b0\u4e3a 0\n
    list.ts
    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\nconst num: number = nums[1];  // \u8bbf\u95ee\u7d22\u5f15 1 \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20 */\nnums[1] = 0;  // \u5c06\u7d22\u5f15 1 \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u66f4\u65b0\u4e3a 0\n
    list.dart
    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\nint num = nums[1];  // \u8bbf\u95ee\u7d22\u5f15 1 \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20 */\nnums[1] = 0;  // \u5c06\u7d22\u5f15 1 \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u66f4\u65b0\u4e3a 0\n
    list.rs
    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\nlet num: i32 = nums[1];  // \u8bbf\u95ee\u7d22\u5f15 1 \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20 */\nnums[1] = 0;             // \u5c06\u7d22\u5f15 1 \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u66f4\u65b0\u4e3a 0\n
    list.c
    // C \u672a\u63d0\u4f9b\u5185\u7f6e\u52a8\u6001\u6570\u7ec4\n
    list.zig
    // \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20\nvar num = nums.items[1]; // \u8bbf\u95ee\u7d22\u5f15 1 \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\nnums.items[1] = 0; // \u5c06\u7d22\u5f15 1 \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u66f4\u65b0\u4e3a 0  \n
    "},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/list/#3","title":"3. \u00a0 \u63d2\u5165\u4e0e\u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20","text":"

    \u76f8\u8f83\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5217\u8868\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u7531\u5730\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e0e\u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u5728\u5217\u8868\u5c3e\u90e8\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(1)\\) \uff0c\u4f46\u63d2\u5165\u548c\u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6548\u7387\u4ecd\u4e0e\u6570\u7ec4\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n)\\) \u3002

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig list.py
    # \u6e05\u7a7a\u5217\u8868\nnums.clear()\n\n# \u5728\u5c3e\u90e8\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20\nnums.append(1)\nnums.append(3)\nnums.append(2)\nnums.append(5)\nnums.append(4)\n\n# \u5728\u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20\nnums.insert(3, 6)  # \u5728\u7d22\u5f15 3 \u5904\u63d2\u5165\u6570\u5b57 6\n\n# \u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20\nnums.pop(3)        # \u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 3 \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n
    list.cpp
    /* \u6e05\u7a7a\u5217\u8868 */\nnums.clear();\n\n/* \u5728\u5c3e\u90e8\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20 */\nnums.push_back(1);\nnums.push_back(3);\nnums.push_back(2);\nnums.push_back(5);\nnums.push_back(4);\n\n/* \u5728\u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20 */\nnums.insert(nums.begin() + 3, 6);  // \u5728\u7d22\u5f15 3 \u5904\u63d2\u5165\u6570\u5b57 6\n\n/* \u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20 */\nnums.erase(nums.begin() + 3);      // \u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 3 \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n
    list.java
    /* \u6e05\u7a7a\u5217\u8868 */\nnums.clear();\n\n/* \u5728\u5c3e\u90e8\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20 */\nnums.add(1);\nnums.add(3);\nnums.add(2);\nnums.add(5);\nnums.add(4);\n\n/* \u5728\u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20 */\nnums.add(3, 6);  // \u5728\u7d22\u5f15 3 \u5904\u63d2\u5165\u6570\u5b57 6\n\n/* \u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20 */\nnums.remove(3);  // \u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 3 \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n
    list.cs
    /* \u6e05\u7a7a\u5217\u8868 */\nnums.Clear();\n\n/* \u5728\u5c3e\u90e8\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20 */\nnums.Add(1);\nnums.Add(3);\nnums.Add(2);\nnums.Add(5);\nnums.Add(4);\n\n/* \u5728\u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20 */\nnums.Insert(3, 6);\n\n/* \u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20 */\nnums.RemoveAt(3);\n
    list_test.go
    /* \u6e05\u7a7a\u5217\u8868 */\nnums = nil\n\n/* \u5728\u5c3e\u90e8\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20 */\nnums = append(nums, 1)\nnums = append(nums, 3)\nnums = append(nums, 2)\nnums = append(nums, 5)\nnums = append(nums, 4)\n\n/* \u5728\u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20 */\nnums = append(nums[:3], append([]int{6}, nums[3:]...)...) // \u5728\u7d22\u5f15 3 \u5904\u63d2\u5165\u6570\u5b57 6\n\n/* \u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20 */\nnums = append(nums[:3], nums[4:]...) // \u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 3 \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n
    list.swift
    /* \u6e05\u7a7a\u5217\u8868 */\nnums.removeAll()\n\n/* \u5728\u5c3e\u90e8\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20 */\nnums.append(1)\nnums.append(3)\nnums.append(2)\nnums.append(5)\nnums.append(4)\n\n/* \u5728\u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20 */\nnums.insert(6, at: 3) // \u5728\u7d22\u5f15 3 \u5904\u63d2\u5165\u6570\u5b57 6\n\n/* \u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20 */\nnums.remove(at: 3) // \u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 3 \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n
    list.js
    /* \u6e05\u7a7a\u5217\u8868 */\nnums.length = 0;\n\n/* \u5728\u5c3e\u90e8\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20 */\nnums.push(1);\nnums.push(3);\nnums.push(2);\nnums.push(5);\nnums.push(4);\n\n/* \u5728\u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20 */\nnums.splice(3, 0, 6);\n\n/* \u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20 */\nnums.splice(3, 1);\n
    list.ts
    /* \u6e05\u7a7a\u5217\u8868 */\nnums.length = 0;\n\n/* \u5728\u5c3e\u90e8\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20 */\nnums.push(1);\nnums.push(3);\nnums.push(2);\nnums.push(5);\nnums.push(4);\n\n/* \u5728\u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20 */\nnums.splice(3, 0, 6);\n\n/* \u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20 */\nnums.splice(3, 1);\n
    list.dart
    /* \u6e05\u7a7a\u5217\u8868 */\nnums.clear();\n\n/* \u5728\u5c3e\u90e8\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20 */\nnums.add(1);\nnums.add(3);\nnums.add(2);\nnums.add(5);\nnums.add(4);\n\n/* \u5728\u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20 */\nnums.insert(3, 6); // \u5728\u7d22\u5f15 3 \u5904\u63d2\u5165\u6570\u5b57 6\n\n/* \u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20 */\nnums.removeAt(3); // \u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 3 \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n
    list.rs
    /* \u6e05\u7a7a\u5217\u8868 */\nnums.clear();\n\n/* \u5728\u5c3e\u90e8\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20 */\nnums.push(1);\nnums.push(3);\nnums.push(2);\nnums.push(5);\nnums.push(4);\n\n/* \u5728\u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20 */\nnums.insert(3, 6);  // \u5728\u7d22\u5f15 3 \u5904\u63d2\u5165\u6570\u5b57 6\n\n/* \u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20 */\nnums.remove(3);    // \u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 3 \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n
    list.c
    // C \u672a\u63d0\u4f9b\u5185\u7f6e\u52a8\u6001\u6570\u7ec4\n
    list.zig
    // \u6e05\u7a7a\u5217\u8868\nnums.clearRetainingCapacity();\n\n// \u5728\u5c3e\u90e8\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20\ntry nums.append(1);\ntry nums.append(3);\ntry nums.append(2);\ntry nums.append(5);\ntry nums.append(4);\n\n// \u5728\u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20\ntry nums.insert(3, 6); // \u5728\u7d22\u5f15 3 \u5904\u63d2\u5165\u6570\u5b57 6\n\n// \u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20\n_ = nums.orderedRemove(3); // \u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 3 \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/list/#4","title":"4. \u00a0 \u904d\u5386\u5217\u8868","text":"

    \u4e0e\u6570\u7ec4\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5217\u8868\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u7d22\u5f15\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u3002

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig list.py
    # \u901a\u8fc7\u7d22\u5f15\u904d\u5386\u5217\u8868\ncount = 0\nfor i in range(len(nums)):\n    count += nums[i]\n\n# \u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\nfor num in nums:\n    count += num\n
    list.cpp
    /* \u901a\u8fc7\u7d22\u5f15\u904d\u5386\u5217\u8868 */\nint count = 0;\nfor (int i = 0; i < nums.size(); i++) {\n    count += nums[i];\n}\n\n/* \u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20 */\ncount = 0;\nfor (int num : nums) {\n    count += num;\n}\n
    list.java
    /* \u901a\u8fc7\u7d22\u5f15\u904d\u5386\u5217\u8868 */\nint count = 0;\nfor (int i = 0; i < nums.size(); i++) {\n    count += nums.get(i);\n}\n\n/* \u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20 */\nfor (int num : nums) {\n    count += num;\n}\n
    list.cs
    /* \u901a\u8fc7\u7d22\u5f15\u904d\u5386\u5217\u8868 */\nint count = 0;\nfor (int i = 0; i < nums.Count; i++) {\n    count += nums[i];\n}\n\n/* \u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20 */\ncount = 0;\nforeach (int num in nums) {\n    count += num;\n}\n
    list_test.go
    /* \u901a\u8fc7\u7d22\u5f15\u904d\u5386\u5217\u8868 */\ncount := 0\nfor i := 0; i < len(nums); i++ {\n    count += nums[i]\n}\n\n/* \u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20 */\ncount = 0\nfor _, num := range nums {\n    count += num\n}\n
    list.swift
    /* \u901a\u8fc7\u7d22\u5f15\u904d\u5386\u5217\u8868 */\nvar count = 0\nfor i in nums.indices {\n    count += nums[i]\n}\n\n/* \u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20 */\ncount = 0\nfor num in nums {\n    count += num\n}\n
    list.js
    /* \u901a\u8fc7\u7d22\u5f15\u904d\u5386\u5217\u8868 */\nlet count = 0;\nfor (let i = 0; i < nums.length; i++) {\n    count += nums[i];\n}\n\n/* \u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20 */\ncount = 0;\nfor (const num of nums) {\n    count += num;\n}\n
    list.ts
    /* \u901a\u8fc7\u7d22\u5f15\u904d\u5386\u5217\u8868 */\nlet count = 0;\nfor (let i = 0; i < nums.length; i++) {\n    count += nums[i];\n}\n\n/* \u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20 */\ncount = 0;\nfor (const num of nums) {\n    count += num;\n}\n
    list.dart
    /* \u901a\u8fc7\u7d22\u5f15\u904d\u5386\u5217\u8868 */\nint count = 0;\nfor (var i = 0; i < nums.length; i++) {\n    count += nums[i];\n}\n\n/* \u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20 */\ncount = 0;\nfor (var num in nums) {\n    count += num;\n}\n
    list.rs
    // \u901a\u8fc7\u7d22\u5f15\u904d\u5386\u5217\u8868\nlet mut _count = 0;\nfor i in 0..nums.len() {\n    _count += nums[i];\n}\n\n// \u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\n_count = 0;\nfor num in &nums {\n    _count += num;\n}\n
    list.c
    // C \u672a\u63d0\u4f9b\u5185\u7f6e\u52a8\u6001\u6570\u7ec4\n
    list.zig
    // \u901a\u8fc7\u7d22\u5f15\u904d\u5386\u5217\u8868\nvar count: i32 = 0;\nvar i: i32 = 0;\nwhile (i < nums.items.len) : (i += 1) {\n    count += nums[i];\n}\n\n// \u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\ncount = 0;\nfor (nums.items) |num| {\n    count += num;\n}\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/list/#5","title":"5. \u00a0 \u62fc\u63a5\u5217\u8868","text":"

    \u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u5217\u8868 nums1 \uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u5176\u62fc\u63a5\u5230\u539f\u5217\u8868\u7684\u5c3e\u90e8\u3002

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig list.py
    # \u62fc\u63a5\u4e24\u4e2a\u5217\u8868\nnums1: list[int] = [6, 8, 7, 10, 9]\nnums += nums1  # \u5c06\u5217\u8868 nums1 \u62fc\u63a5\u5230 nums \u4e4b\u540e\n
    list.cpp
    /* \u62fc\u63a5\u4e24\u4e2a\u5217\u8868 */\nvector<int> nums1 = { 6, 8, 7, 10, 9 };\n// \u5c06\u5217\u8868 nums1 \u62fc\u63a5\u5230 nums \u4e4b\u540e\nnums.insert(nums.end(), nums1.begin(), nums1.end());\n
    list.java
    /* \u62fc\u63a5\u4e24\u4e2a\u5217\u8868 */\nList<Integer> nums1 = new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList(new Integer[] { 6, 8, 7, 10, 9 }));\nnums.addAll(nums1);  // \u5c06\u5217\u8868 nums1 \u62fc\u63a5\u5230 nums \u4e4b\u540e\n
    list.cs
    /* \u62fc\u63a5\u4e24\u4e2a\u5217\u8868 */\nList<int> nums1 = [6, 8, 7, 10, 9];\nnums.AddRange(nums1);  // \u5c06\u5217\u8868 nums1 \u62fc\u63a5\u5230 nums \u4e4b\u540e\n
    list_test.go
    /* \u62fc\u63a5\u4e24\u4e2a\u5217\u8868 */\nnums1 := []int{6, 8, 7, 10, 9}\nnums = append(nums, nums1...)  // \u5c06\u5217\u8868 nums1 \u62fc\u63a5\u5230 nums \u4e4b\u540e\n
    list.swift
    /* \u62fc\u63a5\u4e24\u4e2a\u5217\u8868 */\nlet nums1 = [6, 8, 7, 10, 9]\nnums.append(contentsOf: nums1) // \u5c06\u5217\u8868 nums1 \u62fc\u63a5\u5230 nums \u4e4b\u540e\n
    list.js
    /* \u62fc\u63a5\u4e24\u4e2a\u5217\u8868 */\nconst nums1 = [6, 8, 7, 10, 9];\nnums.push(...nums1);  // \u5c06\u5217\u8868 nums1 \u62fc\u63a5\u5230 nums \u4e4b\u540e\n
    list.ts
    /* \u62fc\u63a5\u4e24\u4e2a\u5217\u8868 */\nconst nums1: number[] = [6, 8, 7, 10, 9];\nnums.push(...nums1);  // \u5c06\u5217\u8868 nums1 \u62fc\u63a5\u5230 nums \u4e4b\u540e\n
    list.dart
    /* \u62fc\u63a5\u4e24\u4e2a\u5217\u8868 */\nList<int> nums1 = [6, 8, 7, 10, 9];\nnums.addAll(nums1);  // \u5c06\u5217\u8868 nums1 \u62fc\u63a5\u5230 nums \u4e4b\u540e\n
    list.rs
    /* \u62fc\u63a5\u4e24\u4e2a\u5217\u8868 */\nlet nums1: Vec<i32> = vec![6, 8, 7, 10, 9];\nnums.extend(nums1);\n
    list.c
    // C \u672a\u63d0\u4f9b\u5185\u7f6e\u52a8\u6001\u6570\u7ec4\n
    list.zig
    // \u62fc\u63a5\u4e24\u4e2a\u5217\u8868\nvar nums1 = std.ArrayList(i32).init(std.heap.page_allocator);\ndefer nums1.deinit();\ntry nums1.appendSlice(&[_]i32{ 6, 8, 7, 10, 9 });\ntry nums.insertSlice(nums.items.len, nums1.items); // \u5c06\u5217\u8868 nums1 \u62fc\u63a5\u5230 nums \u4e4b\u540e\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/list/#6","title":"6. \u00a0 \u6392\u5e8f\u5217\u8868","text":"

    \u5b8c\u6210\u5217\u8868\u6392\u5e8f\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4fbf\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u7c7b\u7b97\u6cd5\u9898\u4e2d\u7ecf\u5e38\u8003\u67e5\u7684\u201c\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u201d\u548c\u201c\u53cc\u6307\u9488\u201d\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig list.py
    # \u6392\u5e8f\u5217\u8868\nnums.sort()  # \u6392\u5e8f\u540e\uff0c\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\u4ece\u5c0f\u5230\u5927\u6392\u5217\n
    list.cpp
    /* \u6392\u5e8f\u5217\u8868 */\nsort(nums.begin(), nums.end());  // \u6392\u5e8f\u540e\uff0c\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\u4ece\u5c0f\u5230\u5927\u6392\u5217\n
    list.java
    /* \u6392\u5e8f\u5217\u8868 */\nCollections.sort(nums);  // \u6392\u5e8f\u540e\uff0c\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\u4ece\u5c0f\u5230\u5927\u6392\u5217\n
    list.cs
    /* \u6392\u5e8f\u5217\u8868 */\nnums.Sort(); // \u6392\u5e8f\u540e\uff0c\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\u4ece\u5c0f\u5230\u5927\u6392\u5217\n
    list_test.go
    /* \u6392\u5e8f\u5217\u8868 */\nsort.Ints(nums)  // \u6392\u5e8f\u540e\uff0c\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\u4ece\u5c0f\u5230\u5927\u6392\u5217\n
    list.swift
    /* \u6392\u5e8f\u5217\u8868 */\nnums.sort() // \u6392\u5e8f\u540e\uff0c\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\u4ece\u5c0f\u5230\u5927\u6392\u5217\n
    list.js
    /* \u6392\u5e8f\u5217\u8868 */  \nnums.sort((a, b) => a - b);  // \u6392\u5e8f\u540e\uff0c\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\u4ece\u5c0f\u5230\u5927\u6392\u5217\n
    list.ts
    /* \u6392\u5e8f\u5217\u8868 */\nnums.sort((a, b) => a - b);  // \u6392\u5e8f\u540e\uff0c\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\u4ece\u5c0f\u5230\u5927\u6392\u5217\n
    list.dart
    /* \u6392\u5e8f\u5217\u8868 */\nnums.sort(); // \u6392\u5e8f\u540e\uff0c\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\u4ece\u5c0f\u5230\u5927\u6392\u5217\n
    list.rs
    /* \u6392\u5e8f\u5217\u8868 */\nnums.sort(); // \u6392\u5e8f\u540e\uff0c\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\u4ece\u5c0f\u5230\u5927\u6392\u5217\n
    list.c
    // C \u672a\u63d0\u4f9b\u5185\u7f6e\u52a8\u6001\u6570\u7ec4\n
    list.zig
    // \u6392\u5e8f\u5217\u8868\nstd.sort.sort(i32, nums.items, {}, comptime std.sort.asc(i32));\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/list/#432","title":"4.3.2 \u00a0 \u5217\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0","text":"

    \u8bb8\u591a\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u5185\u7f6e\u4e86\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 Java\u3001C++\u3001Python \u7b49\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u6bd4\u8f83\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u5404\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u8bbe\u5b9a\u4e5f\u975e\u5e38\u8003\u7a76\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u521d\u59cb\u5bb9\u91cf\u3001\u6269\u5bb9\u500d\u6570\u7b49\u3002\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u8bfb\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u67e5\u9605\u6e90\u7801\u8fdb\u884c\u5b66\u4e60\u3002

    \u4e3a\u4e86\u52a0\u6df1\u5bf9\u5217\u8868\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u6613\u7248\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e09\u4e2a\u91cd\u70b9\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3002

    • \u521d\u59cb\u5bb9\u91cf\uff1a\u9009\u53d6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5408\u7406\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u521d\u59cb\u5bb9\u91cf\u3002\u5728\u672c\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9009\u62e9 10 \u4f5c\u4e3a\u521d\u59cb\u5bb9\u91cf\u3002
    • \u6570\u91cf\u8bb0\u5f55\uff1a\u58f0\u660e\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf size \uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u5217\u8868\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u5e76\u968f\u7740\u5143\u7d20\u63d2\u5165\u548c\u5220\u9664\u5b9e\u65f6\u66f4\u65b0\u3002\u6839\u636e\u6b64\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5217\u8868\u5c3e\u90e8\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u9700\u8981\u6269\u5bb9\u3002
    • \u6269\u5bb9\u673a\u5236\uff1a\u82e5\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20\u65f6\u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\u5df2\u6ee1\uff0c\u5219\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u6269\u5bb9\u3002\u5148\u6839\u636e\u6269\u5bb9\u500d\u6570\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u518d\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u4f9d\u6b21\u79fb\u52a8\u81f3\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\u3002\u5728\u672c\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u89c4\u5b9a\u6bcf\u6b21\u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u6269\u5bb9\u81f3\u4e4b\u524d\u7684 2 \u500d\u3002
    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig my_list.py
    class MyList:\n    \"\"\"\u5217\u8868\u7c7b\"\"\"\n\n    def __init__(self):\n        \"\"\"\u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5\"\"\"\n        self._capacity: int = 10  # \u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\n        self._arr: list[int] = [0] * self._capacity  # \u6570\u7ec4\uff08\u5b58\u50a8\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\uff09\n        self._size: int = 0  # \u5217\u8868\u957f\u5ea6\uff08\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\uff09\n        self._extend_ratio: int = 2  # \u6bcf\u6b21\u5217\u8868\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u500d\u6570\n\n    def size(self) -> int:\n        \"\"\"\u83b7\u53d6\u5217\u8868\u957f\u5ea6\uff08\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\uff09\"\"\"\n        return self._size\n\n    def capacity(self) -> int:\n        \"\"\"\u83b7\u53d6\u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\"\"\"\n        return self._capacity\n\n    def get(self, index: int) -> int:\n        \"\"\"\u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20\"\"\"\n        # \u7d22\u5f15\u5982\u679c\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u629b\u51fa\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u4e0b\u540c\n        if index < 0 or index >= self._size:\n            raise IndexError(\"\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\")\n        return self._arr[index]\n\n    def set(self, num: int, index: int):\n        \"\"\"\u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\"\"\"\n        if index < 0 or index >= self._size:\n            raise IndexError(\"\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\")\n        self._arr[index] = num\n\n    def add(self, num: int):\n        \"\"\"\u5728\u5c3e\u90e8\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20\"\"\"\n        # \u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u8d85\u51fa\u5bb9\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u673a\u5236\n        if self.size() == self.capacity():\n            self.extend_capacity()\n        self._arr[self._size] = num\n        self._size += 1\n\n    def insert(self, num: int, index: int):\n        \"\"\"\u5728\u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20\"\"\"\n        if index < 0 or index >= self._size:\n            raise IndexError(\"\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\")\n        # \u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u8d85\u51fa\u5bb9\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u673a\u5236\n        if self._size == self.capacity():\n            self.extend_capacity()\n        # \u5c06\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4ee5\u53ca\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n        for j in range(self._size - 1, index - 1, -1):\n            self._arr[j + 1] = self._arr[j]\n        self._arr[index] = num\n        # \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\n        self._size += 1\n\n    def remove(self, index: int) -> int:\n        \"\"\"\u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20\"\"\"\n        if index < 0 or index >= self._size:\n            raise IndexError(\"\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\")\n        num = self._arr[index]\n        # \u7d22\u5f15 i \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u5411\u524d\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n        for j in range(index, self._size - 1):\n            self._arr[j] = self._arr[j + 1]\n        # \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\n        self._size -= 1\n        # \u8fd4\u56de\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n        return num\n\n    def extend_capacity(self):\n        \"\"\"\u5217\u8868\u6269\u5bb9\"\"\"\n        # \u65b0\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 _extend_ratio \u500d\u7684\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\u590d\u5236\u5230\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\n        self._arr = self._arr + [0] * self.capacity() * (self._extend_ratio - 1)\n        # \u66f4\u65b0\u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\n        self._capacity = len(self._arr)\n\n    def to_array(self) -> list[int]:\n        \"\"\"\u8fd4\u56de\u6709\u6548\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u5217\u8868\"\"\"\n        return self._arr[: self._size]\n
    my_list.cpp
    /* \u5217\u8868\u7c7b */\nclass MyList {\n  private:\n    int *arr;             // \u6570\u7ec4\uff08\u5b58\u50a8\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\uff09\n    int arrCapacity = 10; // \u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\n    int arrSize = 0;      // \u5217\u8868\u957f\u5ea6\uff08\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\uff09\n    int extendRatio = 2;   // \u6bcf\u6b21\u5217\u8868\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u500d\u6570\n\n  public:\n    /* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\n    MyList() {\n        arr = new int[arrCapacity];\n    }\n\n    /* \u6790\u6784\u65b9\u6cd5 */\n    ~MyList() {\n        delete[] arr;\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u5217\u8868\u957f\u5ea6\uff08\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\uff09*/\n    int size() {\n        return arrSize;\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf */\n    int capacity() {\n        return arrCapacity;\n    }\n\n    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\n    int get(int index) {\n        // \u7d22\u5f15\u5982\u679c\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u629b\u51fa\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u4e0b\u540c\n        if (index < 0 || index >= size())\n            throw out_of_range(\"\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\");\n        return arr[index];\n    }\n\n    /* \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20 */\n    void set(int index, int num) {\n        if (index < 0 || index >= size())\n            throw out_of_range(\"\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\");\n        arr[index] = num;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5728\u5c3e\u90e8\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20 */\n    void add(int num) {\n        // \u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u8d85\u51fa\u5bb9\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u673a\u5236\n        if (size() == capacity())\n            extendCapacity();\n        arr[size()] = num;\n        // \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\n        arrSize++;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5728\u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20 */\n    void insert(int index, int num) {\n        if (index < 0 || index >= size())\n            throw out_of_range(\"\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\");\n        // \u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u8d85\u51fa\u5bb9\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u673a\u5236\n        if (size() == capacity())\n            extendCapacity();\n        // \u5c06\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4ee5\u53ca\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n        for (int j = size() - 1; j >= index; j--) {\n            arr[j + 1] = arr[j];\n        }\n        arr[index] = num;\n        // \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\n        arrSize++;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20 */\n    int remove(int index) {\n        if (index < 0 || index >= size())\n            throw out_of_range(\"\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\");\n        int num = arr[index];\n        // \u7d22\u5f15 i \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u5411\u524d\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n        for (int j = index; j < size() - 1; j++) {\n            arr[j] = arr[j + 1];\n        }\n        // \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\n        arrSize--;\n        // \u8fd4\u56de\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n        return num;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5217\u8868\u6269\u5bb9 */\n    void extendCapacity() {\n        // \u65b0\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 extendRatio \u500d\u7684\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\n        int newCapacity = capacity() * extendRatio;\n        int *tmp = arr;\n        arr = new int[newCapacity];\n        // \u5c06\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u590d\u5236\u5230\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\n        for (int i = 0; i < size(); i++) {\n            arr[i] = tmp[i];\n        }\n        // \u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\n        delete[] tmp;\n        arrCapacity = newCapacity;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5c06\u5217\u8868\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a Vector \u7528\u4e8e\u6253\u5370 */\n    vector<int> toVector() {\n        // \u4ec5\u8f6c\u6362\u6709\u6548\u957f\u5ea6\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\n        vector<int> vec(size());\n        for (int i = 0; i < size(); i++) {\n            vec[i] = arr[i];\n        }\n        return vec;\n    }\n};\n
    my_list.java
    /* \u5217\u8868\u7c7b */\nclass MyList {\n    private int[] arr; // \u6570\u7ec4\uff08\u5b58\u50a8\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\uff09\n    private int capacity = 10; // \u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\n    private int size = 0; // \u5217\u8868\u957f\u5ea6\uff08\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\uff09\n    private int extendRatio = 2; // \u6bcf\u6b21\u5217\u8868\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u500d\u6570\n\n    /* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\n    public MyList() {\n        arr = new int[capacity];\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u5217\u8868\u957f\u5ea6\uff08\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\uff09 */\n    public int size() {\n        return size;\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf */\n    public int capacity() {\n        return capacity;\n    }\n\n    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\n    public int get(int index) {\n        // \u7d22\u5f15\u5982\u679c\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u629b\u51fa\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u4e0b\u540c\n        if (index < 0 || index >= size)\n            throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(\"\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\");\n        return arr[index];\n    }\n\n    /* \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20 */\n    public void set(int index, int num) {\n        if (index < 0 || index >= size)\n            throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(\"\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\");\n        arr[index] = num;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5728\u5c3e\u90e8\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20 */\n    public void add(int num) {\n        // \u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u8d85\u51fa\u5bb9\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u673a\u5236\n        if (size == capacity())\n            extendCapacity();\n        arr[size] = num;\n        // \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\n        size++;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5728\u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20 */\n    public void insert(int index, int num) {\n        if (index < 0 || index >= size)\n            throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(\"\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\");\n        // \u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u8d85\u51fa\u5bb9\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u673a\u5236\n        if (size == capacity())\n            extendCapacity();\n        // \u5c06\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4ee5\u53ca\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n        for (int j = size - 1; j >= index; j--) {\n            arr[j + 1] = arr[j];\n        }\n        arr[index] = num;\n        // \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\n        size++;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20 */\n    public int remove(int index) {\n        if (index < 0 || index >= size)\n            throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(\"\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\");\n        int num = arr[index];\n        // \u5c06\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u5411\u524d\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n        for (int j = index; j < size - 1; j++) {\n            arr[j] = arr[j + 1];\n        }\n        // \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\n        size--;\n        // \u8fd4\u56de\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n        return num;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5217\u8868\u6269\u5bb9 */\n    public void extendCapacity() {\n        // \u65b0\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 extendRatio \u500d\u7684\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\u590d\u5236\u5230\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\n        arr = Arrays.copyOf(arr, capacity() * extendRatio);\n        // \u66f4\u65b0\u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\n        capacity = arr.length;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5c06\u5217\u8868\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4 */\n    public int[] toArray() {\n        int size = size();\n        // \u4ec5\u8f6c\u6362\u6709\u6548\u957f\u5ea6\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\n        int[] arr = new int[size];\n        for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {\n            arr[i] = get(i);\n        }\n        return arr;\n    }\n}\n
    my_list.cs
    /* \u5217\u8868\u7c7b */\nclass MyList {\n    private int[] arr;           // \u6570\u7ec4\uff08\u5b58\u50a8\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\uff09\n    private int arrCapacity = 10;    // \u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\n    private int arrSize = 0;         // \u5217\u8868\u957f\u5ea6\uff08\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\uff09\n    private readonly int extendRatio = 2;  // \u6bcf\u6b21\u5217\u8868\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u500d\u6570\n\n    /* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\n    public MyList() {\n        arr = new int[arrCapacity];\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u5217\u8868\u957f\u5ea6\uff08\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\uff09*/\n    public int Size() {\n        return arrSize;\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf */\n    public int Capacity() {\n        return arrCapacity;\n    }\n\n    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\n    public int Get(int index) {\n        // \u7d22\u5f15\u5982\u679c\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u629b\u51fa\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u4e0b\u540c\n        if (index < 0 || index >= arrSize)\n            throw new IndexOutOfRangeException(\"\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\");\n        return arr[index];\n    }\n\n    /* \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20 */\n    public void Set(int index, int num) {\n        if (index < 0 || index >= arrSize)\n            throw new IndexOutOfRangeException(\"\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\");\n        arr[index] = num;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5728\u5c3e\u90e8\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20 */\n    public void Add(int num) {\n        // \u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u8d85\u51fa\u5bb9\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u673a\u5236\n        if (arrSize == arrCapacity)\n            ExtendCapacity();\n        arr[arrSize] = num;\n        // \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\n        arrSize++;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5728\u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20 */\n    public void Insert(int index, int num) {\n        if (index < 0 || index >= arrSize)\n            throw new IndexOutOfRangeException(\"\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\");\n        // \u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u8d85\u51fa\u5bb9\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u673a\u5236\n        if (arrSize == arrCapacity)\n            ExtendCapacity();\n        // \u5c06\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4ee5\u53ca\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n        for (int j = arrSize - 1; j >= index; j--) {\n            arr[j + 1] = arr[j];\n        }\n        arr[index] = num;\n        // \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\n        arrSize++;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20 */\n    public int Remove(int index) {\n        if (index < 0 || index >= arrSize)\n            throw new IndexOutOfRangeException(\"\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\");\n        int num = arr[index];\n        // \u5c06\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u5411\u524d\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n        for (int j = index; j < arrSize - 1; j++) {\n            arr[j] = arr[j + 1];\n        }\n        // \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\n        arrSize--;\n        // \u8fd4\u56de\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n        return num;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5217\u8868\u6269\u5bb9 */\n    public void ExtendCapacity() {\n        // \u65b0\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a arrCapacity * extendRatio \u7684\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\u590d\u5236\u5230\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\n        Array.Resize(ref arr, arrCapacity * extendRatio);\n        // \u66f4\u65b0\u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\n        arrCapacity = arr.Length;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5c06\u5217\u8868\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4 */\n    public int[] ToArray() {\n        // \u4ec5\u8f6c\u6362\u6709\u6548\u957f\u5ea6\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\n        int[] arr = new int[arrSize];\n        for (int i = 0; i < arrSize; i++) {\n            arr[i] = Get(i);\n        }\n        return arr;\n    }\n}\n
    my_list.go
    /* \u5217\u8868\u7c7b */\ntype myList struct {\n    arrCapacity int\n    arr         []int\n    arrSize     int\n    extendRatio int\n}\n\n/* \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570 */\nfunc newMyList() *myList {\n    return &myList{\n        arrCapacity: 10,              // \u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\n        arr:         make([]int, 10), // \u6570\u7ec4\uff08\u5b58\u50a8\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\uff09\n        arrSize:     0,               // \u5217\u8868\u957f\u5ea6\uff08\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\uff09\n        extendRatio: 2,               // \u6bcf\u6b21\u5217\u8868\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u500d\u6570\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u5217\u8868\u957f\u5ea6\uff08\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\uff09 */\nfunc (l *myList) size() int {\n    return l.arrSize\n}\n\n/*  \u83b7\u53d6\u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf */\nfunc (l *myList) capacity() int {\n    return l.arrCapacity\n}\n\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunc (l *myList) get(index int) int {\n    // \u7d22\u5f15\u5982\u679c\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u629b\u51fa\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u4e0b\u540c\n    if index < 0 || index >= l.arrSize {\n        panic(\"\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\")\n    }\n    return l.arr[index]\n}\n\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunc (l *myList) set(num, index int) {\n    if index < 0 || index >= l.arrSize {\n        panic(\"\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\")\n    }\n    l.arr[index] = num\n}\n\n/* \u5728\u5c3e\u90e8\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunc (l *myList) add(num int) {\n    // \u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u8d85\u51fa\u5bb9\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u673a\u5236\n    if l.arrSize == l.arrCapacity {\n        l.extendCapacity()\n    }\n    l.arr[l.arrSize] = num\n    // \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\n    l.arrSize++\n}\n\n/* \u5728\u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunc (l *myList) insert(num, index int) {\n    if index < 0 || index >= l.arrSize {\n        panic(\"\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\")\n    }\n    // \u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u8d85\u51fa\u5bb9\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u673a\u5236\n    if l.arrSize == l.arrCapacity {\n        l.extendCapacity()\n    }\n    // \u5c06\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4ee5\u53ca\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n    for j := l.arrSize - 1; j >= index; j-- {\n        l.arr[j+1] = l.arr[j]\n    }\n    l.arr[index] = num\n    // \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\n    l.arrSize++\n}\n\n/* \u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunc (l *myList) remove(index int) int {\n    if index < 0 || index >= l.arrSize {\n        panic(\"\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\")\n    }\n    num := l.arr[index]\n    // \u7d22\u5f15 i \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u5411\u524d\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n    for j := index; j < l.arrSize-1; j++ {\n        l.arr[j] = l.arr[j+1]\n    }\n    // \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\n    l.arrSize--\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n    return num\n}\n\n/* \u5217\u8868\u6269\u5bb9 */\nfunc (l *myList) extendCapacity() {\n    // \u65b0\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 extendRatio \u500d\u7684\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\u590d\u5236\u5230\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\n    l.arr = append(l.arr, make([]int, l.arrCapacity*(l.extendRatio-1))...)\n    // \u66f4\u65b0\u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\n    l.arrCapacity = len(l.arr)\n}\n\n/* \u8fd4\u56de\u6709\u6548\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u5217\u8868 */\nfunc (l *myList) toArray() []int {\n    // \u4ec5\u8f6c\u6362\u6709\u6548\u957f\u5ea6\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\n    return l.arr[:l.arrSize]\n}\n
    my_list.swift
    /* \u5217\u8868\u7c7b */\nclass MyList {\n    private var arr: [Int] // \u6570\u7ec4\uff08\u5b58\u50a8\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\uff09\n    private var _capacity = 10 // \u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\n    private var _size = 0 // \u5217\u8868\u957f\u5ea6\uff08\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\uff09\n    private let extendRatio = 2 // \u6bcf\u6b21\u5217\u8868\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u500d\u6570\n\n    /* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\n    init() {\n        arr = Array(repeating: 0, count: _capacity)\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u5217\u8868\u957f\u5ea6\uff08\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\uff09*/\n    func size() -> Int {\n        _size\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf */\n    func capacity() -> Int {\n        _capacity\n    }\n\n    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\n    func get(index: Int) -> Int {\n        // \u7d22\u5f15\u5982\u679c\u8d8a\u754c\u5219\u629b\u51fa\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u4e0b\u540c\n        if index < 0 || index >= _size {\n            fatalError(\"\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\")\n        }\n        return arr[index]\n    }\n\n    /* \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20 */\n    func set(index: Int, num: Int) {\n        if index < 0 || index >= _size {\n            fatalError(\"\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\")\n        }\n        arr[index] = num\n    }\n\n    /* \u5728\u5c3e\u90e8\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20 */\n    func add(num: Int) {\n        // \u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u8d85\u51fa\u5bb9\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u673a\u5236\n        if _size == _capacity {\n            extendCapacity()\n        }\n        arr[_size] = num\n        // \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\n        _size += 1\n    }\n\n    /* \u5728\u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20 */\n    func insert(index: Int, num: Int) {\n        if index < 0 || index >= _size {\n            fatalError(\"\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\")\n        }\n        // \u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u8d85\u51fa\u5bb9\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u673a\u5236\n        if _size == _capacity {\n            extendCapacity()\n        }\n        // \u5c06\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4ee5\u53ca\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n        for j in sequence(first: _size - 1, next: { $0 >= index + 1 ? $0 - 1 : nil }) {\n            arr[j + 1] = arr[j]\n        }\n        arr[index] = num\n        // \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\n        _size += 1\n    }\n\n    /* \u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20 */\n    @discardableResult\n    func remove(index: Int) -> Int {\n        if index < 0 || index >= _size {\n            fatalError(\"\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\")\n        }\n        let num = arr[index]\n        // \u5c06\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u5411\u524d\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n        for j in index ..< (_size - 1) {\n            arr[j] = arr[j + 1]\n        }\n        // \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\n        _size -= 1\n        // \u8fd4\u56de\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n        return num\n    }\n\n    /* \u5217\u8868\u6269\u5bb9 */\n    func extendCapacity() {\n        // \u65b0\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 extendRatio \u500d\u7684\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\u590d\u5236\u5230\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\n        arr = arr + Array(repeating: 0, count: _capacity * (extendRatio - 1))\n        // \u66f4\u65b0\u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\n        _capacity = arr.count\n    }\n\n    /* \u5c06\u5217\u8868\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4 */\n    func toArray() -> [Int] {\n        var arr = Array(repeating: 0, count: _size)\n        for i in 0 ..< _size {\n            arr[i] = get(index: i)\n        }\n        return arr\n    }\n}\n
    my_list.js
    /* \u5217\u8868\u7c7b */\nclass MyList {\n    #arr = new Array(); // \u6570\u7ec4\uff08\u5b58\u50a8\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\uff09\n    #capacity = 10; // \u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\n    #size = 0; // \u5217\u8868\u957f\u5ea6\uff08\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\uff09\n    #extendRatio = 2; // \u6bcf\u6b21\u5217\u8868\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u500d\u6570\n\n    /* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\n    constructor() {\n        this.#arr = new Array(this.#capacity);\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u5217\u8868\u957f\u5ea6\uff08\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\uff09*/\n    size() {\n        return this.#size;\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf */\n    capacity() {\n        return this.#capacity;\n    }\n\n    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\n    get(index) {\n        // \u7d22\u5f15\u5982\u679c\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u629b\u51fa\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u4e0b\u540c\n        if (index < 0 || index >= this.#size) throw new Error('\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c');\n        return this.#arr[index];\n    }\n\n    /* \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20 */\n    set(index, num) {\n        if (index < 0 || index >= this.#size) throw new Error('\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c');\n        this.#arr[index] = num;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5728\u5c3e\u90e8\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20 */\n    add(num) {\n        // \u5982\u679c\u957f\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u9700\u8981\u6269\u5bb9\n        if (this.#size === this.#capacity) {\n            this.extendCapacity();\n        }\n        // \u5c06\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u5217\u8868\u5c3e\u90e8\n        this.#arr[this.#size] = num;\n        this.#size++;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5728\u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20 */\n    insert(index, num) {\n        if (index < 0 || index >= this.#size) throw new Error('\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c');\n        // \u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u8d85\u51fa\u5bb9\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u673a\u5236\n        if (this.#size === this.#capacity) {\n            this.extendCapacity();\n        }\n        // \u5c06\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4ee5\u53ca\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n        for (let j = this.#size - 1; j >= index; j--) {\n            this.#arr[j + 1] = this.#arr[j];\n        }\n        // \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\n        this.#arr[index] = num;\n        this.#size++;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20 */\n    remove(index) {\n        if (index < 0 || index >= this.#size) throw new Error('\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c');\n        let num = this.#arr[index];\n        // \u5c06\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u5411\u524d\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n        for (let j = index; j < this.#size - 1; j++) {\n            this.#arr[j] = this.#arr[j + 1];\n        }\n        // \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\n        this.#size--;\n        // \u8fd4\u56de\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n        return num;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5217\u8868\u6269\u5bb9 */\n    extendCapacity() {\n        // \u65b0\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 extendRatio \u500d\u7684\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\u590d\u5236\u5230\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\n        this.#arr = this.#arr.concat(\n            new Array(this.capacity() * (this.#extendRatio - 1))\n        );\n        // \u66f4\u65b0\u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\n        this.#capacity = this.#arr.length;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5c06\u5217\u8868\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4 */\n    toArray() {\n        let size = this.size();\n        // \u4ec5\u8f6c\u6362\u6709\u6548\u957f\u5ea6\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\n        const arr = new Array(size);\n        for (let i = 0; i < size; i++) {\n            arr[i] = this.get(i);\n        }\n        return arr;\n    }\n}\n
    my_list.ts
    /* \u5217\u8868\u7c7b */\nclass MyList {\n    private arr: Array<number>; // \u6570\u7ec4\uff08\u5b58\u50a8\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\uff09\n    private _capacity: number = 10; // \u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\n    private _size: number = 0; // \u5217\u8868\u957f\u5ea6\uff08\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\uff09\n    private extendRatio: number = 2; // \u6bcf\u6b21\u5217\u8868\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u500d\u6570\n\n    /* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\n    constructor() {\n        this.arr = new Array(this._capacity);\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u5217\u8868\u957f\u5ea6\uff08\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\uff09*/\n    public size(): number {\n        return this._size;\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf */\n    public capacity(): number {\n        return this._capacity;\n    }\n\n    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\n    public get(index: number): number {\n        // \u7d22\u5f15\u5982\u679c\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u629b\u51fa\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u4e0b\u540c\n        if (index < 0 || index >= this._size) throw new Error('\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c');\n        return this.arr[index];\n    }\n\n    /* \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20 */\n    public set(index: number, num: number): void {\n        if (index < 0 || index >= this._size) throw new Error('\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c');\n        this.arr[index] = num;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5728\u5c3e\u90e8\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20 */\n    public add(num: number): void {\n        // \u5982\u679c\u957f\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u9700\u8981\u6269\u5bb9\n        if (this._size === this._capacity) this.extendCapacity();\n        // \u5c06\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u5217\u8868\u5c3e\u90e8\n        this.arr[this._size] = num;\n        this._size++;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5728\u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20 */\n    public insert(index: number, num: number): void {\n        if (index < 0 || index >= this._size) throw new Error('\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c');\n        // \u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u8d85\u51fa\u5bb9\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u673a\u5236\n        if (this._size === this._capacity) {\n            this.extendCapacity();\n        }\n        // \u5c06\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4ee5\u53ca\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n        for (let j = this._size - 1; j >= index; j--) {\n            this.arr[j + 1] = this.arr[j];\n        }\n        // \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\n        this.arr[index] = num;\n        this._size++;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20 */\n    public remove(index: number): number {\n        if (index < 0 || index >= this._size) throw new Error('\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c');\n        let num = this.arr[index];\n        // \u5c06\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u5411\u524d\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n        for (let j = index; j < this._size - 1; j++) {\n            this.arr[j] = this.arr[j + 1];\n        }\n        // \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\n        this._size--;\n        // \u8fd4\u56de\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n        return num;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5217\u8868\u6269\u5bb9 */\n    public extendCapacity(): void {\n        // \u65b0\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a size \u7684\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\u590d\u5236\u5230\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\n        this.arr = this.arr.concat(\n            new Array(this.capacity() * (this.extendRatio - 1))\n        );\n        // \u66f4\u65b0\u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\n        this._capacity = this.arr.length;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5c06\u5217\u8868\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4 */\n    public toArray(): number[] {\n        let size = this.size();\n        // \u4ec5\u8f6c\u6362\u6709\u6548\u957f\u5ea6\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\n        const arr = new Array(size);\n        for (let i = 0; i < size; i++) {\n            arr[i] = this.get(i);\n        }\n        return arr;\n    }\n}\n
    my_list.dart
    /* \u5217\u8868\u7c7b */\nclass MyList {\n  late List<int> _arr; // \u6570\u7ec4\uff08\u5b58\u50a8\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\uff09\n  int _capacity = 10; // \u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\n  int _size = 0; // \u5217\u8868\u957f\u5ea6\uff08\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\uff09\n  int _extendRatio = 2; // \u6bcf\u6b21\u5217\u8868\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u500d\u6570\n\n  /* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\n  MyList() {\n    _arr = List.filled(_capacity, 0);\n  }\n\n  /* \u83b7\u53d6\u5217\u8868\u957f\u5ea6\uff08\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\uff09*/\n  int size() => _size;\n\n  /* \u83b7\u53d6\u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf */\n  int capacity() => _capacity;\n\n  /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\n  int get(int index) {\n    if (index >= _size) throw RangeError('\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c');\n    return _arr[index];\n  }\n\n  /* \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20 */\n  void set(int index, int _num) {\n    if (index >= _size) throw RangeError('\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c');\n    _arr[index] = _num;\n  }\n\n  /* \u5728\u5c3e\u90e8\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20 */\n  void add(int _num) {\n    // \u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u8d85\u51fa\u5bb9\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u673a\u5236\n    if (_size == _capacity) extendCapacity();\n    _arr[_size] = _num;\n    // \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\n    _size++;\n  }\n\n  /* \u5728\u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20 */\n  void insert(int index, int _num) {\n    if (index >= _size) throw RangeError('\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c');\n    // \u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u8d85\u51fa\u5bb9\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u673a\u5236\n    if (_size == _capacity) extendCapacity();\n    // \u5c06\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4ee5\u53ca\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n    for (var j = _size - 1; j >= index; j--) {\n      _arr[j + 1] = _arr[j];\n    }\n    _arr[index] = _num;\n    // \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\n    _size++;\n  }\n\n  /* \u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20 */\n  int remove(int index) {\n    if (index >= _size) throw RangeError('\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c');\n    int _num = _arr[index];\n    // \u5c06\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u5411\u524d\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n    for (var j = index; j < _size - 1; j++) {\n      _arr[j] = _arr[j + 1];\n    }\n    // \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\n    _size--;\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n    return _num;\n  }\n\n  /* \u5217\u8868\u6269\u5bb9 */\n  void extendCapacity() {\n    // \u65b0\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 _extendRatio \u500d\u7684\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\n    final _newNums = List.filled(_capacity * _extendRatio, 0);\n    // \u5c06\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\u590d\u5236\u5230\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\n    List.copyRange(_newNums, 0, _arr);\n    // \u66f4\u65b0 _arr \u7684\u5f15\u7528\n    _arr = _newNums;\n    // \u66f4\u65b0\u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\n    _capacity = _arr.length;\n  }\n\n  /* \u5c06\u5217\u8868\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4 */\n  List<int> toArray() {\n    List<int> arr = [];\n    for (var i = 0; i < _size; i++) {\n      arr.add(get(i));\n    }\n    return arr;\n  }\n}\n
    my_list.rs
    /* \u5217\u8868\u7c7b */\n#[allow(dead_code)]\nstruct MyList {\n    arr: Vec<i32>,       // \u6570\u7ec4\uff08\u5b58\u50a8\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\uff09\n    capacity: usize,      // \u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\n    size: usize,          // \u5217\u8868\u957f\u5ea6\uff08\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\uff09\n    extend_ratio: usize,  // \u6bcf\u6b21\u5217\u8868\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u500d\u6570\n}\n\n#[allow(unused,unused_comparisons)]\nimpl MyList {\n    /* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\n    pub fn new(capacity: usize) -> Self {\n        let mut vec = Vec::new(); \n        vec.resize(capacity, 0);\n        Self {\n            arr: vec,\n            capacity,\n            size: 0,\n            extend_ratio: 2,\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u5217\u8868\u957f\u5ea6\uff08\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\uff09*/\n    pub fn size(&self) -> usize {\n        return self.size;\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf */\n    pub fn capacity(&self) -> usize {\n        return self.capacity;\n    }\n\n    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\n    pub fn get(&self, index: usize) -> i32 {\n        // \u7d22\u5f15\u5982\u679c\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u629b\u51fa\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u4e0b\u540c\n        if index >= self.size {panic!(\"\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\")};\n        return self.arr[index];\n    }\n\n    /* \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20 */\n    pub fn set(&mut self, index: usize, num: i32) {\n        if index >= self.size {panic!(\"\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\")};\n        self.arr[index] = num;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5728\u5c3e\u90e8\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20 */\n    pub fn add(&mut self, num: i32) {\n        // \u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u8d85\u51fa\u5bb9\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u673a\u5236\n        if self.size == self.capacity() {\n            self.extend_capacity();\n        }\n        self.arr[self.size] = num;\n        // \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\n        self.size += 1;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5728\u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20 */\n    pub fn insert(&mut self, index: usize, num: i32) {\n        if index >= self.size() {panic!(\"\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\")};\n        // \u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u8d85\u51fa\u5bb9\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u673a\u5236\n        if self.size == self.capacity() {\n            self.extend_capacity();\n        }\n        // \u5c06\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4ee5\u53ca\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n        for j in (index..self.size).rev() {\n            self.arr[j + 1] = self.arr[j];\n        }\n        self.arr[index] = num;\n        // \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\n        self.size += 1;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20 */\n    pub fn remove(&mut self, index: usize) -> i32 {\n        if index >= self.size() {panic!(\"\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\")};\n        let num = self.arr[index];\n        // \u5c06\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u5411\u524d\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n        for j in (index..self.size - 1) {\n            self.arr[j] = self.arr[j + 1];\n        }\n        // \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\n        self.size -= 1;\n        // \u8fd4\u56de\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n        return num;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5217\u8868\u6269\u5bb9 */\n    pub fn extend_capacity(&mut self) {\n        // \u65b0\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 extend_ratio \u500d\u7684\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\u590d\u5236\u5230\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\n        let new_capacity = self.capacity * self.extend_ratio;\n        self.arr.resize(new_capacity, 0);\n        // \u66f4\u65b0\u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\n        self.capacity = new_capacity;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5c06\u5217\u8868\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4 */\n    pub fn to_array(&mut self) -> Vec<i32> {\n        // \u4ec5\u8f6c\u6362\u6709\u6548\u957f\u5ea6\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\n        let mut arr = Vec::new();\n        for i in 0..self.size {\n            arr.push(self.get(i));\n        }\n        arr\n    }\n}\n
    my_list.c
    /* \u5217\u8868\u7c7b */\ntypedef struct {\n    int *arr;        // \u6570\u7ec4\uff08\u5b58\u50a8\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\uff09\n    int capacity;    // \u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\n    int size;        // \u5217\u8868\u5927\u5c0f\n    int extendRatio; // \u5217\u8868\u6bcf\u6b21\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u500d\u6570\n} MyList;\n\n/* \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570 */\nMyList *newMyList() {\n    MyList *nums = malloc(sizeof(MyList));\n    nums->capacity = 10;\n    nums->arr = malloc(sizeof(int) * nums->capacity);\n    nums->size = 0;\n    nums->extendRatio = 2;\n    return nums;\n}\n\n/* \u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570 */\nvoid delMyList(MyList *nums) {\n    free(nums->arr);\n    free(nums);\n}\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u5217\u8868\u957f\u5ea6 */\nint size(MyList *nums) {\n    return nums->size;\n}\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf */\nint capacity(MyList *nums) {\n    return nums->capacity;\n}\n\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\nint get(MyList *nums, int index) {\n    assert(index >= 0 && index < nums->size);\n    return nums->arr[index];\n}\n\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20 */\nvoid set(MyList *nums, int index, int num) {\n    assert(index >= 0 && index < nums->size);\n    nums->arr[index] = num;\n}\n\n/* \u5728\u5c3e\u90e8\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20 */\nvoid add(MyList *nums, int num) {\n    if (size(nums) == capacity(nums)) {\n        extendCapacity(nums); // \u6269\u5bb9\n    }\n    nums->arr[size(nums)] = num;\n    nums->size++;\n}\n\n/* \u5728\u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20 */\nvoid insert(MyList *nums, int index, int num) {\n    assert(index >= 0 && index < size(nums));\n    // \u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u8d85\u51fa\u5bb9\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u673a\u5236\n    if (size(nums) == capacity(nums)) {\n        extendCapacity(nums); // \u6269\u5bb9\n    }\n    for (int i = size(nums); i > index; --i) {\n        nums->arr[i] = nums->arr[i - 1];\n    }\n    nums->arr[index] = num;\n    nums->size++;\n}\n\n/* \u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20 */\n// \u6ce8\u610f\uff1astdio.h \u5360\u7528\u4e86 remove \u5173\u952e\u8bcd\nint removeItem(MyList *nums, int index) {\n    assert(index >= 0 && index < size(nums));\n    int num = nums->arr[index];\n    for (int i = index; i < size(nums) - 1; i++) {\n        nums->arr[i] = nums->arr[i + 1];\n    }\n    nums->size--;\n    return num;\n}\n\n/* \u5217\u8868\u6269\u5bb9 */\nvoid extendCapacity(MyList *nums) {\n    // \u5148\u5206\u914d\u7a7a\u95f4\n    int newCapacity = capacity(nums) * nums->extendRatio;\n    int *extend = (int *)malloc(sizeof(int) * newCapacity);\n    int *temp = nums->arr;\n\n    // \u62f7\u8d1d\u65e7\u6570\u636e\u5230\u65b0\u6570\u636e\n    for (int i = 0; i < size(nums); i++)\n        extend[i] = nums->arr[i];\n\n    // \u91ca\u653e\u65e7\u6570\u636e\n    free(temp);\n\n    // \u66f4\u65b0\u65b0\u6570\u636e\n    nums->arr = extend;\n    nums->capacity = newCapacity;\n}\n\n/* \u5c06\u5217\u8868\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a Array \u7528\u4e8e\u6253\u5370 */\nint *toArray(MyList *nums) {\n    return nums->arr;\n}\n
    my_list.zig
    // \u5217\u8868\u7c7b\nfn MyList(comptime T: type) type {\n    return struct {\n        const Self = @This();\n\n        arr: []T = undefined,                        // \u6570\u7ec4\uff08\u5b58\u50a8\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\uff09\n        arrCapacity: usize = 10,                     // \u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\n        numSize: usize = 0,                           // \u5217\u8868\u957f\u5ea6\uff08\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\uff09\n        extendRatio: usize = 2,                       // \u6bcf\u6b21\u5217\u8868\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u500d\u6570\n        mem_arena: ?std.heap.ArenaAllocator = null,\n        mem_allocator: std.mem.Allocator = undefined, // \u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u5668\n\n        // \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\uff08\u5206\u914d\u5185\u5b58+\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5217\u8868\uff09\n        pub fn init(self: *Self, allocator: std.mem.Allocator) !void {\n            if (self.mem_arena == null) {\n                self.mem_arena = std.heap.ArenaAllocator.init(allocator);\n                self.mem_allocator = self.mem_arena.?.allocator();\n            }\n            self.arr = try self.mem_allocator.alloc(T, self.arrCapacity);\n            @memset(self.arr, @as(T, 0));\n        }\n\n        // \u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\uff08\u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\uff09\n        pub fn deinit(self: *Self) void {\n            if (self.mem_arena == null) return;\n            self.mem_arena.?.deinit();\n        }\n\n        // \u83b7\u53d6\u5217\u8868\u957f\u5ea6\uff08\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\uff09\n        pub fn size(self: *Self) usize {\n            return self.numSize;\n        }\n\n        // \u83b7\u53d6\u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\n        pub fn capacity(self: *Self) usize {\n            return self.arrCapacity;\n        }\n\n        // \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20\n        pub fn get(self: *Self, index: usize) T {\n            // \u7d22\u5f15\u5982\u679c\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u629b\u51fa\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u4e0b\u540c\n            if (index < 0 or index >= self.size()) @panic(\"\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\");\n            return self.arr[index];\n        }  \n\n        // \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\n        pub fn set(self: *Self, index: usize, num: T) void {\n            // \u7d22\u5f15\u5982\u679c\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u629b\u51fa\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u4e0b\u540c\n            if (index < 0 or index >= self.size()) @panic(\"\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\");\n            self.arr[index] = num;\n        }  \n\n        // \u5728\u5c3e\u90e8\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20\n        pub fn add(self: *Self, num: T) !void {\n            // \u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u8d85\u51fa\u5bb9\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u673a\u5236\n            if (self.size() == self.capacity()) try self.extendCapacity();\n            self.arr[self.size()] = num;\n            // \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\n            self.numSize += 1;\n        }  \n\n        // \u5728\u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20\n        pub fn insert(self: *Self, index: usize, num: T) !void {\n            if (index < 0 or index >= self.size()) @panic(\"\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\");\n            // \u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u8d85\u51fa\u5bb9\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u673a\u5236\n            if (self.size() == self.capacity()) try self.extendCapacity();\n            // \u5c06\u7d22\u5f15 index \u4ee5\u53ca\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n            var j = self.size() - 1;\n            while (j >= index) : (j -= 1) {\n                self.arr[j + 1] = self.arr[j];\n            }\n            self.arr[index] = num;\n            // \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\n            self.numSize += 1;\n        }\n\n        // \u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20\n        pub fn remove(self: *Self, index: usize) T {\n            if (index < 0 or index >= self.size()) @panic(\"\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\");\n            var num = self.arr[index];\n            // \u7d22\u5f15 i \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u5411\u524d\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n            var j = index;\n            while (j < self.size() - 1) : (j += 1) {\n                self.arr[j] = self.arr[j + 1];\n            }\n            // \u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\n            self.numSize -= 1;\n            // \u8fd4\u56de\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n            return num;\n        }\n\n        // \u5217\u8868\u6269\u5bb9\n        pub fn extendCapacity(self: *Self) !void {\n            // \u65b0\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a size * extendRatio \u7684\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\u590d\u5236\u5230\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\n            var newCapacity = self.capacity() * self.extendRatio;\n            var extend = try self.mem_allocator.alloc(T, newCapacity);\n            @memset(extend, @as(T, 0));\n            // \u5c06\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u590d\u5236\u5230\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\n            std.mem.copy(T, extend, self.arr);\n            self.arr = extend;\n            // \u66f4\u65b0\u5217\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\n            self.arrCapacity = newCapacity;\n        }\n\n        // \u5c06\u5217\u8868\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\n        pub fn toArray(self: *Self) ![]T {\n            // \u4ec5\u8f6c\u6362\u6709\u6548\u957f\u5ea6\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\n            var arr = try self.mem_allocator.alloc(T, self.size());\n           @memset(arr, @as(T, 0));\n            for (arr, 0..) |*num, i| {\n                num.* = self.get(i);\n            }\n            return arr;\n        }\n    };\n}\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/ram_and_cache/","title":"4.4 \u00a0 \u5185\u5b58\u4e0e\u7f13\u5b58 *","text":"

    \u5728\u672c\u7ae0\u7684\u524d\u4e24\u8282\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u94fe\u8868\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u57fa\u7840\u4e14\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5206\u522b\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u201c\u8fde\u7eed\u5b58\u50a8\u201d\u548c\u201c\u5206\u6563\u5b58\u50a8\u201d\u4e24\u79cd\u7269\u7406\u7ed3\u6784\u3002

    \u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u7269\u7406\u7ed3\u6784\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5bf9\u5185\u5b58\u548c\u7f13\u5b58\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u5f71\u54cd\u7b97\u6cd5\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u6027\u80fd\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/ram_and_cache/#441","title":"4.4.1 \u00a0 \u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5b58\u50a8\u8bbe\u5907","text":"

    \u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u4e09\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u8bbe\u5907\uff1a\u300c\u786c\u76d8 hard disk\u300d\u3001\u300c\u5185\u5b58 random-access memory, RAM\u300d\u3001\u300c\u7f13\u5b58 cache memory\u300d\u3002\u8868 4-2 \u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u89d2\u8272\u548c\u6027\u80fd\u7279\u70b9\u3002

    \u8868 4-2 \u00a0 \u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u8bbe\u5907

    \u786c\u76d8 \u5185\u5b58 \u7f13\u5b58 \u7528\u9014 \u957f\u671f\u5b58\u50a8\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u7b49 \u4e34\u65f6\u5b58\u50a8\u5f53\u524d\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u548c\u6b63\u5728\u5904\u7406\u7684\u6570\u636e \u5b58\u50a8\u7ecf\u5e38\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u6570\u636e\u548c\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11 CPU \u8bbf\u95ee\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u6b21\u6570 \u6613\u5931\u6027 \u65ad\u7535\u540e\u6570\u636e\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4e22\u5931 \u65ad\u7535\u540e\u6570\u636e\u4f1a\u4e22\u5931 \u65ad\u7535\u540e\u6570\u636e\u4f1a\u4e22\u5931 \u5bb9\u91cf \u8f83\u5927\uff0cTB \u7ea7\u522b \u8f83\u5c0f\uff0cGB \u7ea7\u522b \u975e\u5e38\u5c0f\uff0cMB \u7ea7\u522b \u901f\u5ea6 \u8f83\u6162\uff0c\u51e0\u767e\u5230\u51e0\u5343 MB/s \u8f83\u5feb\uff0c\u51e0\u5341 GB/s \u975e\u5e38\u5feb\uff0c\u51e0\u5341\u5230\u51e0\u767e GB/s \u4ef7\u683c \u8f83\u4fbf\u5b9c\uff0c\u51e0\u6bdb\u5230\u51e0\u5143 / GB \u8f83\u8d35\uff0c\u51e0\u5341\u5230\u51e0\u767e\u5143 / GB \u975e\u5e38\u8d35\uff0c\u968f CPU \u6253\u5305\u8ba1\u4ef7

    \u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5b58\u50a8\u7cfb\u7edf\u60f3\u8c61\u4e3a\u56fe 4-9 \u6240\u793a\u7684\u91d1\u5b57\u5854\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u8d8a\u9760\u8fd1\u91d1\u5b57\u5854\u9876\u7aef\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u8d8a\u5feb\u3001\u5bb9\u91cf\u8d8a\u5c0f\u3001\u6210\u672c\u8d8a\u9ad8\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u591a\u5c42\u7ea7\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5e76\u975e\u5076\u7136\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u4eec\u7ecf\u8fc7\u6df1\u601d\u719f\u8651\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002

    • \u786c\u76d8\u96be\u4ee5\u88ab\u5185\u5b58\u53d6\u4ee3\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5728\u65ad\u7535\u540e\u4f1a\u4e22\u5931\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u4e0d\u9002\u5408\u957f\u671f\u5b58\u50a8\u6570\u636e\uff1b\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u6210\u672c\u662f\u786c\u76d8\u7684\u51e0\u5341\u500d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u5b83\u96be\u4ee5\u5728\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u5e02\u573a\u666e\u53ca\u3002
    • \u7f13\u5b58\u7684\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\u548c\u9ad8\u901f\u5ea6\u96be\u4ee5\u517c\u5f97\u3002\u968f\u7740 L1\u3001L2\u3001L3 \u7f13\u5b58\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf\u9010\u6b65\u589e\u5927\uff0c\u5176\u7269\u7406\u5c3a\u5bf8\u4f1a\u53d8\u5927\uff0c\u4e0e CPU \u6838\u5fc3\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7269\u7406\u8ddd\u79bb\u4f1a\u53d8\u8fdc\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u65f6\u95f4\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u8bbf\u95ee\u5ef6\u8fdf\u53d8\u9ad8\u3002\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u6280\u672f\u4e0b\uff0c\u591a\u5c42\u7ea7\u7684\u7f13\u5b58\u7ed3\u6784\u662f\u5bb9\u91cf\u3001\u901f\u5ea6\u548c\u6210\u672c\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u5e73\u8861\u70b9\u3002

    \u56fe 4-9 \u00a0 \u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5b58\u50a8\u7cfb\u7edf

    Note

    \u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u901f\u5ea6\u3001\u5bb9\u91cf\u548c\u6210\u672c\u4e09\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7cbe\u5999\u5e73\u8861\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6743\u8861\u666e\u904d\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u6240\u6709\u5de5\u4e1a\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u5b83\u8981\u6c42\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u548c\u9650\u5236\u4e4b\u95f4\u627e\u5230\u6700\u4f73\u5e73\u8861\u70b9\u3002

    \u603b\u7684\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u786c\u76d8\u7528\u4e8e\u957f\u671f\u5b58\u50a8\u5927\u91cf\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5185\u5b58\u7528\u4e8e\u4e34\u65f6\u5b58\u50a8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u4e2d\u6b63\u5728\u5904\u7406\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u800c\u7f13\u5b58\u5219\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u7ecf\u5e38\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u6570\u636e\u548c\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u6548\u7387\u3002\u4e09\u8005\u5171\u540c\u534f\u4f5c\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7cfb\u7edf\u9ad8\u6548\u8fd0\u884c\u3002

    \u5982\u56fe 4-10 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u4f1a\u4ece\u786c\u76d8\u4e2d\u88ab\u8bfb\u53d6\u5230\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f9b CPU \u8ba1\u7b97\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u7f13\u5b58\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u4f5c CPU \u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5b83\u901a\u8fc7\u667a\u80fd\u5730\u4ece\u5185\u5b58\u52a0\u8f7d\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u7ed9 CPU \u63d0\u4f9b\u9ad8\u901f\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8bfb\u53d6\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u5347\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u6267\u884c\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u5bf9\u8f83\u6162\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u3002

    \u56fe 4-10 \u00a0 \u786c\u76d8\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u548c\u7f13\u5b58\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6d41\u901a

    "},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/ram_and_cache/#442","title":"4.4.2 \u00a0 \u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u6548\u7387","text":"

    \u5728\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u5229\u7528\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u94fe\u8868\u5404\u81ea\u5177\u6709\u4f18\u52bf\u548c\u5c40\u9650\u6027\u3002

    \u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5185\u5b58\u662f\u6709\u9650\u7684\uff0c\u4e14\u540c\u4e00\u5757\u5185\u5b58\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u591a\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5171\u4eab\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u80fd\u591f\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u9ad8\u6548\u5730\u5229\u7528\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u7d27\u5bc6\u6392\u5217\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u989d\u5916\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u6765\u5b58\u50a8\u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9\u95f4\u7684\u5f15\u7528\uff08\u6307\u9488\uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7a7a\u95f4\u6548\u7387\u66f4\u9ad8\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6570\u7ec4\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u5206\u914d\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u8fde\u7eed\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u5185\u5b58\u6d6a\u8d39\uff0c\u6570\u7ec4\u6269\u5bb9\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u989d\u5916\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u6210\u672c\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u94fe\u8868\u4ee5\u201c\u8282\u70b9\u201d\u4e3a\u5355\u4f4d\u8fdb\u884c\u52a8\u6001\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u548c\u56de\u6536\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u3002

    \u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u53cd\u590d\u7533\u8bf7\u4e0e\u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u7a7a\u95f2\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u788e\u7247\u5316\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4f1a\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u9ad8\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u5229\u7528\u6548\u7387\u964d\u4f4e\u3002\u6570\u7ec4\u7531\u4e8e\u5176\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u5bfc\u81f4\u5185\u5b58\u788e\u7247\u5316\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u662f\u5206\u6563\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u9891\u7e41\u7684\u63d2\u5165\u4e0e\u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e2d\uff0c\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u5bfc\u81f4\u5185\u5b58\u788e\u7247\u5316\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/ram_and_cache/#443","title":"4.4.3 \u00a0 \u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u7f13\u5b58\u6548\u7387","text":"

    \u7f13\u5b58\u867d\u7136\u5728\u7a7a\u95f4\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e0a\u8fdc\u5c0f\u4e8e\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u6bd4\u5185\u5b58\u5feb\u5f97\u591a\uff0c\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6267\u884c\u901f\u5ea6\u4e0a\u8d77\u7740\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u7f13\u5b58\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u5b58\u50a8\u4e00\u5c0f\u90e8\u5206\u9891\u7e41\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5f53 CPU \u5c1d\u8bd5\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4e0d\u5728\u7f13\u5b58\u4e2d\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u300c\u7f13\u5b58\u672a\u547d\u4e2d cache miss\u300d\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6 CPU \u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u4ece\u901f\u5ea6\u8f83\u6162\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u52a0\u8f7d\u6240\u9700\u6570\u636e\u3002

    \u663e\u7136\uff0c\u201c\u7f13\u5b58\u672a\u547d\u4e2d\u201d\u8d8a\u5c11\uff0cCPU \u8bfb\u5199\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6548\u7387\u5c31\u8d8a\u9ad8\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6027\u80fd\u4e5f\u5c31\u8d8a\u597d\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5c06 CPU \u4ece\u7f13\u5b58\u4e2d\u6210\u529f\u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u79f0\u4e3a\u300c\u7f13\u5b58\u547d\u4e2d\u7387 cache hit rate\u300d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6307\u6807\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u6765\u8861\u91cf\u7f13\u5b58\u6548\u7387\u3002

    \u4e3a\u4e86\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u8fbe\u5230\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u7f13\u5b58\u4f1a\u91c7\u53d6\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6570\u636e\u52a0\u8f7d\u673a\u5236\u3002

    • \u7f13\u5b58\u884c\uff1a\u7f13\u5b58\u4e0d\u662f\u5355\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u5730\u5b58\u50a8\u4e0e\u52a0\u8f7d\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4ee5\u7f13\u5b58\u884c\u4e3a\u5355\u4f4d\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e8e\u5355\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\uff0c\u7f13\u5b58\u884c\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\u5f62\u5f0f\u66f4\u52a0\u9ad8\u6548\u3002
    • \u9884\u53d6\u673a\u5236\uff1a\u5904\u7406\u5668\u4f1a\u5c1d\u8bd5\u9884\u6d4b\u6570\u636e\u8bbf\u95ee\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u987a\u5e8f\u8bbf\u95ee\u3001\u56fa\u5b9a\u6b65\u957f\u8df3\u8dc3\u8bbf\u95ee\u7b49\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u6839\u636e\u7279\u5b9a\u6a21\u5f0f\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u52a0\u8f7d\u81f3\u7f13\u5b58\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63d0\u5347\u547d\u4e2d\u7387\u3002
    • \u7a7a\u95f4\u5c40\u90e8\u6027\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5b83\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u80fd\u8fd1\u671f\u4e5f\u4f1a\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7f13\u5b58\u5728\u52a0\u8f7d\u67d0\u4e00\u6570\u636e\u65f6\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u52a0\u8f7d\u5176\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u547d\u4e2d\u7387\u3002
    • \u65f6\u95f4\u5c40\u90e8\u6027\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5b83\u5728\u4e0d\u4e45\u7684\u5c06\u6765\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u518d\u6b21\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002\u7f13\u5b58\u5229\u7528\u8fd9\u4e00\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4fdd\u7559\u6700\u8fd1\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6765\u63d0\u9ad8\u547d\u4e2d\u7387\u3002

    \u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u94fe\u8868\u5bf9\u7f13\u5b58\u7684\u5229\u7528\u6548\u7387\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u3002

    • \u5360\u7528\u7a7a\u95f4\uff1a\u94fe\u8868\u5143\u7d20\u6bd4\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u5360\u7528\u7a7a\u95f4\u66f4\u591a\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u7f13\u5b58\u4e2d\u5bb9\u7eb3\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u66f4\u5c11\u3002
    • \u7f13\u5b58\u884c\uff1a\u94fe\u8868\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6563\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u5404\u5904\uff0c\u800c\u7f13\u5b58\u662f\u201c\u6309\u884c\u52a0\u8f7d\u201d\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u52a0\u8f7d\u5230\u65e0\u6548\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u66f4\u9ad8\u3002
    • \u9884\u53d6\u673a\u5236\uff1a\u6570\u7ec4\u6bd4\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8bbf\u95ee\u6a21\u5f0f\u66f4\u5177\u201c\u53ef\u9884\u6d4b\u6027\u201d\uff0c\u5373\u7cfb\u7edf\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u731c\u51fa\u5373\u5c06\u88ab\u52a0\u8f7d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002
    • \u7a7a\u95f4\u5c40\u90e8\u6027\uff1a\u6570\u7ec4\u88ab\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u96c6\u4e2d\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u88ab\u52a0\u8f7d\u6570\u636e\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u6570\u636e\u66f4\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5373\u5c06\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002

    \u603b\u4f53\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6570\u7ec4\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u7f13\u5b58\u547d\u4e2d\u7387\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u5728\u64cd\u4f5c\u6548\u7387\u4e0a\u901a\u5e38\u4f18\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u3002\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u5728\u89e3\u51b3\u7b97\u6cd5\u95ee\u9898\u65f6\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u5f80\u5f80\u66f4\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\u3002

    \u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u9ad8\u7f13\u5b58\u6548\u7387\u5e76\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6570\u7ec4\u5728\u6240\u6709\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u90fd\u4f18\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\u9009\u62e9\u54ea\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5e94\u6839\u636e\u5177\u4f53\u9700\u6c42\u6765\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u94fe\u8868\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u201c\u6808\u201d\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff08\u4e0b\u4e00\u7ae0\u4f1a\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u573a\u666f\u3002

    • \u5728\u505a\u7b97\u6cd5\u9898\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u9009\u62e9\u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6808\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u6548\u7387\u548c\u968f\u673a\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u4ee3\u4ef7\u4ec5\u662f\u9700\u8981\u9884\u5148\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u5206\u914d\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002
    • \u5982\u679c\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u975e\u5e38\u5927\u3001\u52a8\u6001\u6027\u5f88\u9ad8\u3001\u6808\u7684\u9884\u671f\u5927\u5c0f\u96be\u4ee5\u4f30\u8ba1\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6808\u66f4\u52a0\u5408\u9002\u3002\u94fe\u8868\u80fd\u591f\u5c06\u5927\u91cf\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6563\u5b58\u50a8\u4e8e\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u907f\u514d\u4e86\u6570\u7ec4\u6269\u5bb9\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u989d\u5916\u5f00\u9500\u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/summary/","title":"4.5 \u00a0 \u5c0f\u7ed3","text":""},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/summary/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u91cd\u70b9\u56de\u987e","text":"
    • \u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u94fe\u8868\u662f\u4e24\u79cd\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u4ee3\u8868\u6570\u636e\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u7684\u4e24\u79cd\u5b58\u50a8\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a\u8fde\u7eed\u7a7a\u95f4\u5b58\u50a8\u548c\u5206\u6563\u7a7a\u95f4\u5b58\u50a8\u3002\u4e24\u8005\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u5448\u73b0\u51fa\u4e92\u8865\u7684\u7279\u6027\u3002
    • \u6570\u7ec4\u652f\u6301\u968f\u673a\u8bbf\u95ee\u3001\u5360\u7528\u5185\u5b58\u8f83\u5c11\uff1b\u4f46\u63d2\u5165\u548c\u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20\u6548\u7387\u4f4e\uff0c\u4e14\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u540e\u957f\u5ea6\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u3002
    • \u94fe\u8868\u901a\u8fc7\u66f4\u6539\u5f15\u7528\uff08\u6307\u9488\uff09\u5b9e\u73b0\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u63d2\u5165\u4e0e\u5220\u9664\uff0c\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u7075\u6d3b\u8c03\u6574\u957f\u5ea6\uff1b\u4f46\u8282\u70b9\u8bbf\u95ee\u6548\u7387\u4f4e\u3001\u5360\u7528\u5185\u5b58\u8f83\u591a\u3002\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u94fe\u8868\u7c7b\u578b\u5305\u62ec\u5355\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u3001\u73af\u5f62\u94fe\u8868\u3001\u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u3002
    • \u5217\u8868\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u652f\u6301\u589e\u5220\u67e5\u6539\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u6709\u5e8f\u96c6\u5408\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u57fa\u4e8e\u52a8\u6001\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u5b83\u4fdd\u7559\u4e86\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u7075\u6d3b\u8c03\u6574\u957f\u5ea6\u3002
    • \u5217\u8868\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u5927\u5e45\u5730\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5b9e\u7528\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u90e8\u5206\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u6d6a\u8d39\u3002
    • \u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u4e3b\u8981\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u3002\u6570\u7ec4\u53ef\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u800c\u94fe\u8868\u5219\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0a\u66f4\u52a0\u7075\u6d3b\u3002
    • \u7f13\u5b58\u901a\u8fc7\u7f13\u5b58\u884c\u3001\u9884\u53d6\u673a\u5236\u4ee5\u53ca\u7a7a\u95f4\u5c40\u90e8\u6027\u548c\u65f6\u95f4\u5c40\u90e8\u6027\u7b49\u6570\u636e\u52a0\u8f7d\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u4e3a CPU \u63d0\u4f9b\u5feb\u901f\u6570\u636e\u8bbf\u95ee\uff0c\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u5347\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u6267\u884c\u6548\u7387\u3002
    • \u7531\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u7f13\u5b58\u547d\u4e2d\u7387\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u901a\u5e38\u6bd4\u94fe\u8868\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548\u3002\u5728\u9009\u62e9\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u65f6\uff0c\u5e94\u6839\u636e\u5177\u4f53\u9700\u6c42\u548c\u573a\u666f\u505a\u51fa\u6070\u5f53\u9009\u62e9\u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_array_and_linkedlist/summary/#2-q-a","title":"2. \u00a0 Q & A","text":"

    \u6570\u7ec4\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u6808\u4e0a\u548c\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u5806\u4e0a\uff0c\u5bf9\u65f6\u95f4\u6548\u7387\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u6548\u7387\u662f\u5426\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\uff1f

    \u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u6808\u4e0a\u548c\u5806\u4e0a\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u90fd\u88ab\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u8fde\u7eed\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u5185\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u64cd\u4f5c\u6548\u7387\u57fa\u672c\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6808\u548c\u5806\u5177\u6709\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u7279\u70b9\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e0d\u540c\u70b9\u3002

    1. \u5206\u914d\u548c\u91ca\u653e\u6548\u7387\uff1a\u6808\u662f\u4e00\u5757\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u5206\u914d\u7531\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u81ea\u52a8\u5b8c\u6210\uff1b\u800c\u5806\u5185\u5b58\u76f8\u5bf9\u66f4\u5927\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u52a8\u6001\u5206\u914d\uff0c\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u788e\u7247\u5316\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5806\u4e0a\u7684\u5206\u914d\u548c\u91ca\u653e\u64cd\u4f5c\u901a\u5e38\u6bd4\u6808\u4e0a\u7684\u6162\u3002
    2. \u5927\u5c0f\u9650\u5236\uff1a\u6808\u5185\u5b58\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u5c0f\uff0c\u5806\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u4e00\u822c\u53d7\u9650\u4e8e\u53ef\u7528\u5185\u5b58\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u5806\u66f4\u52a0\u9002\u5408\u5b58\u50a8\u5927\u578b\u6570\u7ec4\u3002
    3. \u7075\u6d3b\u6027\uff1a\u6808\u4e0a\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u9700\u8981\u5728\u7f16\u8bd1\u65f6\u786e\u5b9a\uff0c\u800c\u5806\u4e0a\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u52a8\u6001\u786e\u5b9a\u3002

    \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6570\u7ec4\u8981\u6c42\u76f8\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u5374\u6ca1\u6709\u5f3a\u8c03\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u5462\uff1f

    \u94fe\u8868\u7531\u8282\u70b9\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u901a\u8fc7\u5f15\u7528\uff08\u6307\u9488\uff09\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u5404\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b58\u50a8\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 int\u3001double\u3001string\u3001object \u7b49\u3002

    \u76f8\u5bf9\u5730\uff0c\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u5219\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u76f8\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u624d\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u8ba1\u7b97\u504f\u79fb\u91cf\u6765\u83b7\u53d6\u5bf9\u5e94\u5143\u7d20\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6570\u7ec4\u540c\u65f6\u5305\u542b int \u548c long \u4e24\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u5355\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5206\u522b\u5360\u7528 4 \u5b57\u8282 \u548c 8 \u5b57\u8282 \uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u516c\u5f0f\u8ba1\u7b97\u504f\u79fb\u91cf\u4e86\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u4e24\u79cd\u201c\u5143\u7d20\u957f\u5ea6\u201d\u3002

    # \u5143\u7d20\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740 = \u6570\u7ec4\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740 + \u5143\u7d20\u957f\u5ea6 * \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\n

    \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u540e\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u9700\u8981\u628a P.next \u8bbe\u4e3a None \u5462\uff1f

    \u4e0d\u4fee\u6539 P.next \u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u3002\u4ece\u8be5\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u4ece\u5934\u8282\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5230\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0d\u4f1a\u9047\u5230 P \u4e86\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u8282\u70b9 P \u5df2\u7ecf\u4ece\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u4e86\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u8282\u70b9 P \u6307\u5411\u54ea\u91cc\u90fd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5bf9\u8be5\u94fe\u8868\u4ea7\u751f\u5f71\u54cd\u3002

    \u4ece\u5783\u573e\u56de\u6536\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e Java\u3001Python\u3001Go \u7b49\u62e5\u6709\u81ea\u52a8\u5783\u573e\u56de\u6536\u673a\u5236\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8282\u70b9 P \u662f\u5426\u88ab\u56de\u6536\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u662f\u5426\u4ecd\u5b58\u5728\u6307\u5411\u5b83\u7684\u5f15\u7528\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f P.next \u7684\u503c\u3002\u5728 C \u548c C++ \u7b49\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u624b\u52a8\u91ca\u653e\u8282\u70b9\u5185\u5b58\u3002

    \u5728\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u63d2\u5165\u548c\u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u662f \\(O(1)\\) \u3002\u4f46\u662f\u589e\u5220\u4e4b\u524d\u90fd\u9700\u8981 \\(O(n)\\) \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u67e5\u627e\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u90a3\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e0d\u662f \\(O(n)\\) \u5462\uff1f

    \u5982\u679c\u662f\u5148\u67e5\u627e\u5143\u7d20\u3001\u518d\u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u786e\u5b9e\u662f \\(O(n)\\) \u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u94fe\u8868\u7684 \\(O(1)\\) \u589e\u5220\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u5e94\u7528\u4e0a\u5f97\u5230\u4f53\u73b0\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u9002\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7ef4\u62a4\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u9488\u53d8\u91cf\u59cb\u7ec8\u6307\u5411\u5934\u8282\u70b9\u3001\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u63d2\u5165\u4e0e\u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c\u90fd\u662f \\(O(1)\\) \u3002

    \u56fe\u201c\u94fe\u8868\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e0e\u5b58\u50a8\u65b9\u5f0f\u201d\u4e2d\uff0c\u6d45\u84dd\u8272\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u8282\u70b9\u6307\u9488\u662f\u5360\u7528\u4e00\u5757\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\u5417\uff1f\u8fd8\u662f\u548c\u8282\u70b9\u503c\u5404\u5360\u4e00\u534a\u5462\uff1f

    \u8be5\u793a\u610f\u56fe\u53ea\u662f\u5b9a\u6027\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u5b9a\u91cf\u8868\u793a\u9700\u8981\u6839\u636e\u5177\u4f53\u60c5\u51b5\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u6790\u3002

    • \u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u503c\u5360\u7528\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982 int\u3001long\u3001double \u548c\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5bf9\u8c61\u7b49\u3002
    • \u6307\u9488\u53d8\u91cf\u5360\u7528\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u5927\u5c0f\u6839\u636e\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ca\u7f16\u8bd1\u73af\u5883\u800c\u5b9a\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u4e3a 8 \u5b57\u8282\u6216 4 \u5b57\u8282\u3002

    \u5728\u5217\u8868\u672b\u5c3e\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20\u662f\u5426\u65f6\u65f6\u523b\u523b\u90fd\u4e3a \\(O(1)\\) \uff1f

    \u5982\u679c\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20\u65f6\u8d85\u51fa\u5217\u8868\u957f\u5ea6\uff0c\u5219\u9700\u8981\u5148\u6269\u5bb9\u5217\u8868\u518d\u6dfb\u52a0\u3002\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u7533\u8bf7\u4e00\u5757\u65b0\u7684\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u539f\u5217\u8868\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u642c\u8fd0\u8fc7\u53bb\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u5019\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5c31\u4f1a\u662f \\(O(n)\\) \u3002

    \u201c\u5217\u8868\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6781\u5927\u5730\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5b9e\u7528\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u90e8\u5206\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u6d6a\u8d39\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u6d6a\u8d39\u662f\u6307\u989d\u5916\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5982\u5bb9\u91cf\u3001\u957f\u5ea6\u3001\u6269\u5bb9\u500d\u6570\u6240\u5360\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5417\uff1f

    \u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u6d6a\u8d39\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u4e24\u65b9\u9762\u542b\u4e49\uff1a\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5217\u8868\u90fd\u4f1a\u8bbe\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u521d\u59cb\u957f\u5ea6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u9700\u8981\u7528\u8fd9\u4e48\u591a\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u9632\u6b62\u9891\u7e41\u6269\u5bb9\uff0c\u6269\u5bb9\u4e00\u822c\u4f1a\u4e58\u4ee5\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u6570\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982 \\(\\times 1.5\\) \u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u6765\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u5f88\u591a\u7a7a\u4f4d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u80fd\u5b8c\u5168\u586b\u6ee1\u5b83\u4eec\u3002

    \u5728 Python \u4e2d\u521d\u59cb\u5316 n = [1, 2, 3] \u540e\uff0c\u8fd9 3 \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u5730\u5740\u662f\u76f8\u8fde\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u521d\u59cb\u5316 m = [2, 1, 3] \u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u5b83\u4eec\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u7684 id \u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5206\u522b\u8ddf n \u4e2d\u7684\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u5730\u5740\u4e0d\u8fde\u7eed\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48 m \u8fd8\u662f\u6570\u7ec4\u5417\uff1f

    \u5047\u5982\u628a\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\u6362\u6210\u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9 n = [n1, n2, n3, n4, n5] \uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u8fd9 5 \u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e5f\u5206\u6563\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u5404\u5904\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5217\u8868\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728 \\(O(1)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u8bbf\u95ee\u5230\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u662f\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5f15\u7528\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u8282\u70b9\u672c\u8eab\u3002

    \u4e0e\u8bb8\u591a\u8bed\u8a00\u4e0d\u540c\uff0cPython \u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u4e5f\u88ab\u5305\u88c5\u4e3a\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u6570\u5b57\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5bf9\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u4e24\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u76f8\u540c\u6570\u5b57\u62e5\u6709\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a id \uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\u65e0\u987b\u8fde\u7eed\u3002

    C++ STL \u91cc\u9762\u7684 std::list \u5df2\u7ecf\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\uff0c\u4f46\u597d\u50cf\u4e00\u4e9b\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e66\u4e0a\u4e0d\u600e\u4e48\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\uff0c\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u5c40\u9650\u6027\u5462\uff1f

    \u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5f80\u5f80\u66f4\u9752\u7750\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u5728\u5fc5\u8981\u65f6\u624d\u4f7f\u7528\u94fe\u8868\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u539f\u56e0\u3002

    • \u7a7a\u95f4\u5f00\u9500\uff1a\u7531\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u9700\u8981\u4e24\u4e2a\u989d\u5916\u7684\u6307\u9488\uff08\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4e8e\u524d\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4e8e\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\uff09\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5 std::list \u901a\u5e38\u6bd4 std::vector \u66f4\u5360\u7528\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002
    • \u7f13\u5b58\u4e0d\u53cb\u597d\uff1a\u7531\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u4e0d\u662f\u8fde\u7eed\u5b58\u653e\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64 std::list \u5bf9\u7f13\u5b58\u7684\u5229\u7528\u7387\u8f83\u4f4e\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0cstd::vector \u7684\u6027\u80fd\u4f1a\u66f4\u597d\u3002

    \u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5fc5\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u548c\u56fe\u3002\u6808\u548c\u961f\u5217\u5f80\u5f80\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684 stack \u548c queue \uff0c\u800c\u975e\u94fe\u8868\u3002

    \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5217\u8868 res = [0] * self.size() \u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4 res \u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5f15\u7528\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5730\u5740\u5417\uff1f

    \u4e0d\u4f1a\u3002\u4f46\u4e8c\u7ef4\u6570\u7ec4\u4f1a\u6709\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e8c\u7ef4\u5217\u8868 res = [[0] * self.size()] \uff0c\u5219\u591a\u6b21\u5f15\u7528\u4e86\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5217\u8868 [0] \u3002

    \u5728\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u4e2d\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u65ad\u5f00\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u4e0e\u5176\u540e\u7ee7\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u6307\u5411\u5417\uff1f

    \u4ece\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u7b97\u6cd5\uff08\u505a\u9898\uff09\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u4e0d\u65ad\u5f00\u6ca1\u6709\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u4fdd\u8bc1\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u5c31\u884c\u3002\u4ece\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u65ad\u5f00\u66f4\u52a0\u5b89\u5168\u3001\u903b\u8f91\u66f4\u52a0\u6e05\u6670\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u65ad\u5f00\uff0c\u5047\u8bbe\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u672a\u88ab\u6b63\u5e38\u56de\u6536\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5b83\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u540e\u7ee7\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u56de\u6536\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_backtracking/","title":"\u7b2c 13 \u7ae0 \u00a0 \u56de\u6eaf","text":"

    Abstract

    \u6211\u4eec\u5982\u540c\u8ff7\u5bab\u4e2d\u7684\u63a2\u7d22\u8005\uff0c\u5728\u524d\u8fdb\u7684\u9053\u8def\u4e0a\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u9047\u5230\u56f0\u96be\u3002

    \u56de\u6eaf\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u91cd\u65b0\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4e0d\u65ad\u5c1d\u8bd5\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u627e\u5230\u901a\u5f80\u5149\u660e\u7684\u51fa\u53e3\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_backtracking/#_1","title":"\u672c\u7ae0\u5185\u5bb9","text":"
    • 13.1 \u00a0 \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5
    • 13.2 \u00a0 \u5168\u6392\u5217\u95ee\u9898
    • 13.3 \u00a0 \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u95ee\u9898
    • 13.4 \u00a0 N \u7687\u540e\u95ee\u9898
    • 13.5 \u00a0 \u5c0f\u7ed3
    "},{"location":"chapter_backtracking/backtracking_algorithm/","title":"13.1 \u00a0 \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5","text":"

    \u300c\u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5 backtracking algorithm\u300d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u901a\u8fc7\u7a77\u4e3e\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u601d\u60f3\u662f\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u5f53\u9047\u5230\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u89e3\u5219\u5c06\u5176\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u627e\u5230\u89e3\u6216\u8005\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u90fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u627e\u5230\u89e3\u4e3a\u6b62\u3002

    \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\u901a\u5e38\u91c7\u7528\u201c\u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u641c\u7d22\u201d\u6765\u904d\u5386\u89e3\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u5728\u201c\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u201d\u7ae0\u8282\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u5230\u524d\u5e8f\u3001\u4e2d\u5e8f\u548c\u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u90fd\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u641c\u7d22\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5229\u7528\u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u6784\u9020\u4e00\u4e2a\u56de\u6eaf\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u9010\u6b65\u4e86\u89e3\u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u3002

    \u4f8b\u9898\u4e00

    \u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u68f5\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff0c\u641c\u7d22\u5e76\u8bb0\u5f55\u6240\u6709\u503c\u4e3a \\(7\\) \u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8bf7\u8fd4\u56de\u8282\u70b9\u5217\u8868\u3002

    \u5bf9\u4e8e\u6b64\u9898\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u8fd9\u68f5\u6811\uff0c\u5e76\u5224\u65ad\u5f53\u524d\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u503c\u662f\u5426\u4e3a \\(7\\) \uff0c\u82e5\u662f\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u503c\u52a0\u5165\u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868 res \u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002\u76f8\u5173\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5b9e\u73b0\u5982\u56fe 13-1 \u548c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u6240\u793a\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig preorder_traversal_i_compact.py
    def pre_order(root: TreeNode):\n    \"\"\"\u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e00\"\"\"\n    if root is None:\n        return\n    if root.val == 7:\n        # \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n        res.append(root)\n    pre_order(root.left)\n    pre_order(root.right)\n
    preorder_traversal_i_compact.cpp
    /* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e00 */\nvoid preOrder(TreeNode *root) {\n    if (root == nullptr) {\n        return;\n    }\n    if (root->val == 7) {\n        // \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n        res.push_back(root);\n    }\n    preOrder(root->left);\n    preOrder(root->right);\n}\n
    preorder_traversal_i_compact.java
    /* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e00 */\nvoid preOrder(TreeNode root) {\n    if (root == null) {\n        return;\n    }\n    if (root.val == 7) {\n        // \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n        res.add(root);\n    }\n    preOrder(root.left);\n    preOrder(root.right);\n}\n
    preorder_traversal_i_compact.cs
    /* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e00 */\nvoid PreOrder(TreeNode? root) {\n    if (root == null) {\n        return;\n    }\n    if (root.val == 7) {\n        // \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n        res.Add(root);\n    }\n    PreOrder(root.left);\n    PreOrder(root.right);\n}\n
    preorder_traversal_i_compact.go
    /* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e00 */\nfunc preOrderI(root *TreeNode, res *[]*TreeNode) {\n    if root == nil {\n        return\n    }\n    if (root.Val).(int) == 7 {\n        // \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n        *res = append(*res, root)\n    }\n    preOrderI(root.Left, res)\n    preOrderI(root.Right, res)\n}\n
    preorder_traversal_i_compact.swift
    /* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e00 */\nfunc preOrder(root: TreeNode?) {\n    guard let root = root else {\n        return\n    }\n    if root.val == 7 {\n        // \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n        res.append(root)\n    }\n    preOrder(root: root.left)\n    preOrder(root: root.right)\n}\n
    preorder_traversal_i_compact.js
    /* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e00 */\nfunction preOrder(root, res) {\n    if (root === null) {\n        return;\n    }\n    if (root.val === 7) {\n        // \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n        res.push(root);\n    }\n    preOrder(root.left, res);\n    preOrder(root.right, res);\n}\n
    preorder_traversal_i_compact.ts
    /* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e00 */\nfunction preOrder(root: TreeNode | null, res: TreeNode[]): void {\n    if (root === null) {\n        return;\n    }\n    if (root.val === 7) {\n        // \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n        res.push(root);\n    }\n    preOrder(root.left, res);\n    preOrder(root.right, res);\n}\n
    preorder_traversal_i_compact.dart
    /* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e00 */\nvoid preOrder(TreeNode? root, List<TreeNode> res) {\n  if (root == null) {\n    return;\n  }\n  if (root.val == 7) {\n    // \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n    res.add(root);\n  }\n  preOrder(root.left, res);\n  preOrder(root.right, res);\n}\n
    preorder_traversal_i_compact.rs
    /* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e00 */\nfn pre_order(res: &mut Vec<Rc<RefCell<TreeNode>>>, root: Option<Rc<RefCell<TreeNode>>>) {\n    if root.is_none() {\n        return;\n    }\n    if let Some(node) = root {\n        if node.borrow().val == 7 {\n            // \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n            res.push(node.clone());\n        }\n        pre_order(res, node.borrow().left.clone());\n        pre_order(res, node.borrow().right.clone());\n    }\n}\n
    preorder_traversal_i_compact.c
    /* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e00 */\nvoid preOrder(TreeNode *root) {\n    if (root == NULL) {\n        return;\n    }\n    if (root->val == 7) {\n        // \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n        res[resSize++] = root;\n    }\n    preOrder(root->left);\n    preOrder(root->right);\n}\n
    preorder_traversal_i_compact.zig
    [class]{}-[func]{preOrder}\n

    \u56fe 13-1 \u00a0 \u5728\u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u4e2d\u641c\u7d22\u8282\u70b9

    "},{"location":"chapter_backtracking/backtracking_algorithm/#1311","title":"13.1.1 \u00a0 \u5c1d\u8bd5\u4e0e\u56de\u9000","text":"

    \u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u8be5\u7b97\u6cd5\u5728\u641c\u7d22\u89e3\u7a7a\u95f4\u65f6\u4f1a\u91c7\u7528\u201c\u5c1d\u8bd5\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u56de\u9000\u201d\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u5f53\u7b97\u6cd5\u5728\u641c\u7d22\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u9047\u5230\u67d0\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u65e0\u6cd5\u7ee7\u7eed\u524d\u8fdb\u6216\u65e0\u6cd5\u5f97\u5230\u6ee1\u8db3\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u89e3\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u64a4\u9500\u4e0a\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u9000\u56de\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5e76\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5176\u4ed6\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u3002

    \u5bf9\u4e8e\u4f8b\u9898\u4e00\uff0c\u8bbf\u95ee\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u4ee3\u8868\u4e00\u6b21\u201c\u5c1d\u8bd5\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u6216\u8fd4\u56de\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u7684 return \u5219\u8868\u793a\u201c\u56de\u9000\u201d\u3002

    \u503c\u5f97\u8bf4\u660e\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u56de\u9000\u5e76\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u5305\u62ec\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u3002\u4e3a\u89e3\u91ca\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u4f8b\u9898\u4e00\u7a0d\u4f5c\u62d3\u5c55\u3002

    \u4f8b\u9898\u4e8c

    \u5728\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u4e2d\u641c\u7d22\u6240\u6709\u503c\u4e3a \\(7\\) \u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8bf7\u8fd4\u56de\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u5230\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u3002

    \u5728\u4f8b\u9898\u4e00\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u501f\u52a9\u4e00\u4e2a\u5217\u8868 path \u8bb0\u5f55\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u8def\u5f84\u3002\u5f53\u8bbf\u95ee\u5230\u503c\u4e3a \\(7\\) \u7684\u8282\u70b9\u65f6\uff0c\u5219\u590d\u5236 path \u5e76\u6dfb\u52a0\u8fdb\u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868 res \u3002\u904d\u5386\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0cres \u4e2d\u4fdd\u5b58\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u6240\u6709\u7684\u89e3\u3002\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig preorder_traversal_ii_compact.py
    def pre_order(root: TreeNode):\n    \"\"\"\u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e8c\"\"\"\n    if root is None:\n        return\n    # \u5c1d\u8bd5\n    path.append(root)\n    if root.val == 7:\n        # \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n        res.append(list(path))\n    pre_order(root.left)\n    pre_order(root.right)\n    # \u56de\u9000\n    path.pop()\n
    preorder_traversal_ii_compact.cpp
    /* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e8c */\nvoid preOrder(TreeNode *root) {\n    if (root == nullptr) {\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u5c1d\u8bd5\n    path.push_back(root);\n    if (root->val == 7) {\n        // \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n        res.push_back(path);\n    }\n    preOrder(root->left);\n    preOrder(root->right);\n    // \u56de\u9000\n    path.pop_back();\n}\n
    preorder_traversal_ii_compact.java
    /* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e8c */\nvoid preOrder(TreeNode root) {\n    if (root == null) {\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u5c1d\u8bd5\n    path.add(root);\n    if (root.val == 7) {\n        // \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n        res.add(new ArrayList<>(path));\n    }\n    preOrder(root.left);\n    preOrder(root.right);\n    // \u56de\u9000\n    path.remove(path.size() - 1);\n}\n
    preorder_traversal_ii_compact.cs
    /* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e8c */\nvoid PreOrder(TreeNode? root) {\n    if (root == null) {\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u5c1d\u8bd5\n    path.Add(root);\n    if (root.val == 7) {\n        // \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n        res.Add(new List<TreeNode>(path));\n    }\n    PreOrder(root.left);\n    PreOrder(root.right);\n    // \u56de\u9000\n    path.RemoveAt(path.Count - 1);\n}\n
    preorder_traversal_ii_compact.go
    /* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e8c */\nfunc preOrderII(root *TreeNode, res *[][]*TreeNode, path *[]*TreeNode) {\n    if root == nil {\n        return\n    }\n    // \u5c1d\u8bd5\n    *path = append(*path, root)\n    if root.Val.(int) == 7 {\n        // \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n        *res = append(*res, append([]*TreeNode{}, *path...))\n    }\n    preOrderII(root.Left, res, path)\n    preOrderII(root.Right, res, path)\n    // \u56de\u9000\n    *path = (*path)[:len(*path)-1]\n}\n
    preorder_traversal_ii_compact.swift
    /* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e8c */\nfunc preOrder(root: TreeNode?) {\n    guard let root = root else {\n        return\n    }\n    // \u5c1d\u8bd5\n    path.append(root)\n    if root.val == 7 {\n        // \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n        res.append(path)\n    }\n    preOrder(root: root.left)\n    preOrder(root: root.right)\n    // \u56de\u9000\n    path.removeLast()\n}\n
    preorder_traversal_ii_compact.js
    /* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e8c */\nfunction preOrder(root, path, res) {\n    if (root === null) {\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u5c1d\u8bd5\n    path.push(root);\n    if (root.val === 7) {\n        // \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n        res.push([...path]);\n    }\n    preOrder(root.left, path, res);\n    preOrder(root.right, path, res);\n    // \u56de\u9000\n    path.pop();\n}\n
    preorder_traversal_ii_compact.ts
    /* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e8c */\nfunction preOrder(\n    root: TreeNode | null,\n    path: TreeNode[],\n    res: TreeNode[][]\n): void {\n    if (root === null) {\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u5c1d\u8bd5\n    path.push(root);\n    if (root.val === 7) {\n        // \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n        res.push([...path]);\n    }\n    preOrder(root.left, path, res);\n    preOrder(root.right, path, res);\n    // \u56de\u9000\n    path.pop();\n}\n
    preorder_traversal_ii_compact.dart
    /* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e8c */\nvoid preOrder(\n  TreeNode? root,\n  List<TreeNode> path,\n  List<List<TreeNode>> res,\n) {\n  if (root == null) {\n    return;\n  }\n\n  // \u5c1d\u8bd5\n  path.add(root);\n  if (root.val == 7) {\n    // \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n    res.add(List.from(path));\n  }\n  preOrder(root.left, path, res);\n  preOrder(root.right, path, res);\n  // \u56de\u9000\n  path.removeLast();\n}\n
    preorder_traversal_ii_compact.rs
    /* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e8c */\nfn pre_order(res: &mut Vec<Vec<Rc<RefCell<TreeNode>>>>, path: &mut Vec<Rc<RefCell<TreeNode>>>, root: Option<Rc<RefCell<TreeNode>>>) {\n    if root.is_none() {\n        return;\n    }\n    if let Some(node) = root {\n        // \u5c1d\u8bd5\n        path.push(node.clone());\n        if node.borrow().val == 7 {\n            // \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n            res.push(path.clone());\n        }\n        pre_order(res, path, node.borrow().left.clone());\n        pre_order(res, path, node.borrow().right.clone());\n        // \u56de\u9000\n        path.remove(path.len() -  1);\n    }\n}\n
    preorder_traversal_ii_compact.c
    /* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e8c */\nvoid preOrder(TreeNode *root) {\n    if (root == NULL) {\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u5c1d\u8bd5\n    path[pathSize++] = root;\n    if (root->val == 7) {\n        // \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n        for (int i = 0; i < pathSize; ++i) {\n            res[resSize][i] = path[i];\n        }\n        resSize++;\n    }\n    preOrder(root->left);\n    preOrder(root->right);\n    // \u56de\u9000\n    pathSize--;\n}\n
    preorder_traversal_ii_compact.zig
    [class]{}-[func]{preOrder}\n

    \u5728\u6bcf\u6b21\u201c\u5c1d\u8bd5\u201d\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u8282\u70b9\u6dfb\u52a0\u8fdb path \u6765\u8bb0\u5f55\u8def\u5f84\uff1b\u800c\u5728\u201c\u56de\u9000\u201d\u524d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u4ece path \u4e2d\u5f39\u51fa\uff0c\u4ee5\u6062\u590d\u672c\u6b21\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002

    \u89c2\u5bdf\u56fe 13-2 \u6240\u793a\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u5c1d\u8bd5\u548c\u56de\u9000\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u201c\u524d\u8fdb\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u64a4\u9500\u201d\uff0c\u4e24\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e92\u4e3a\u9006\u5411\u3002

    <1><2><3><4><5><6><7><8><9><10><11>

    \u56fe 13-2 \u00a0 \u5c1d\u8bd5\u4e0e\u56de\u9000

    "},{"location":"chapter_backtracking/backtracking_algorithm/#1312","title":"13.1.2 \u00a0 \u526a\u679d","text":"

    \u590d\u6742\u7684\u56de\u6eaf\u95ee\u9898\u901a\u5e38\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6\u901a\u5e38\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u201c\u526a\u679d\u201d\u3002

    \u4f8b\u9898\u4e09

    \u5728\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u4e2d\u641c\u7d22\u6240\u6709\u503c\u4e3a \\(7\\) \u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8bf7\u8fd4\u56de\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u5230\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u5e76\u8981\u6c42\u8def\u5f84\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u503c\u4e3a \\(3\\) \u7684\u8282\u70b9\u3002

    \u4e3a\u4e86\u6ee1\u8db3\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u6dfb\u52a0\u526a\u679d\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a\u5728\u641c\u7d22\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u82e5\u9047\u5230\u503c\u4e3a \\(3\\) \u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5219\u63d0\u524d\u8fd4\u56de\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u7ee7\u7eed\u641c\u7d22\u3002\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig preorder_traversal_iii_compact.py
    def pre_order(root: TreeNode):\n    \"\"\"\u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e09\"\"\"\n    # \u526a\u679d\n    if root is None or root.val == 3:\n        return\n    # \u5c1d\u8bd5\n    path.append(root)\n    if root.val == 7:\n        # \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n        res.append(list(path))\n    pre_order(root.left)\n    pre_order(root.right)\n    # \u56de\u9000\n    path.pop()\n
    preorder_traversal_iii_compact.cpp
    /* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e09 */\nvoid preOrder(TreeNode *root) {\n    // \u526a\u679d\n    if (root == nullptr || root->val == 3) {\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u5c1d\u8bd5\n    path.push_back(root);\n    if (root->val == 7) {\n        // \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n        res.push_back(path);\n    }\n    preOrder(root->left);\n    preOrder(root->right);\n    // \u56de\u9000\n    path.pop_back();\n}\n
    preorder_traversal_iii_compact.java
    /* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e09 */\nvoid preOrder(TreeNode root) {\n    // \u526a\u679d\n    if (root == null || root.val == 3) {\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u5c1d\u8bd5\n    path.add(root);\n    if (root.val == 7) {\n        // \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n        res.add(new ArrayList<>(path));\n    }\n    preOrder(root.left);\n    preOrder(root.right);\n    // \u56de\u9000\n    path.remove(path.size() - 1);\n}\n
    preorder_traversal_iii_compact.cs
    /* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e09 */\nvoid PreOrder(TreeNode? root) {\n    // \u526a\u679d\n    if (root == null || root.val == 3) {\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u5c1d\u8bd5\n    path.Add(root);\n    if (root.val == 7) {\n        // \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n        res.Add(new List<TreeNode>(path));\n    }\n    PreOrder(root.left);\n    PreOrder(root.right);\n    // \u56de\u9000\n    path.RemoveAt(path.Count - 1);\n}\n
    preorder_traversal_iii_compact.go
    /* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e09 */\nfunc preOrderIII(root *TreeNode, res *[][]*TreeNode, path *[]*TreeNode) {\n    // \u526a\u679d\n    if root == nil || root.Val == 3 {\n        return\n    }\n    // \u5c1d\u8bd5\n    *path = append(*path, root)\n    if root.Val.(int) == 7 {\n        // \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n        *res = append(*res, *path)\n    }\n    preOrderIII(root.Left, res, path)\n    preOrderIII(root.Right, res, path)\n    // \u56de\u9000\n    *path = (*path)[:len(*path)-1]\n}\n
    preorder_traversal_iii_compact.swift
    /* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e09 */\nfunc preOrder(root: TreeNode?) {\n    // \u526a\u679d\n    guard let root = root, root.val != 3 else {\n        return\n    }\n    // \u5c1d\u8bd5\n    path.append(root)\n    if root.val == 7 {\n        // \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n        res.append(path)\n    }\n    preOrder(root: root.left)\n    preOrder(root: root.right)\n    // \u56de\u9000\n    path.removeLast()\n}\n
    preorder_traversal_iii_compact.js
    /* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e09 */\nfunction preOrder(root, path, res) {\n    // \u526a\u679d\n    if (root === null || root.val === 3) {\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u5c1d\u8bd5\n    path.push(root);\n    if (root.val === 7) {\n        // \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n        res.push([...path]);\n    }\n    preOrder(root.left, path, res);\n    preOrder(root.right, path, res);\n    // \u56de\u9000\n    path.pop();\n}\n
    preorder_traversal_iii_compact.ts
    /* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e09 */\nfunction preOrder(\n    root: TreeNode | null,\n    path: TreeNode[],\n    res: TreeNode[][]\n): void {\n    // \u526a\u679d\n    if (root === null || root.val === 3) {\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u5c1d\u8bd5\n    path.push(root);\n    if (root.val === 7) {\n        // \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n        res.push([...path]);\n    }\n    preOrder(root.left, path, res);\n    preOrder(root.right, path, res);\n    // \u56de\u9000\n    path.pop();\n}\n
    preorder_traversal_iii_compact.dart
    /* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e09 */\nvoid preOrder(\n  TreeNode? root,\n  List<TreeNode> path,\n  List<List<TreeNode>> res,\n) {\n  if (root == null || root.val == 3) {\n    return;\n  }\n\n  // \u5c1d\u8bd5\n  path.add(root);\n  if (root.val == 7) {\n    // \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n    res.add(List.from(path));\n  }\n  preOrder(root.left, path, res);\n  preOrder(root.right, path, res);\n  // \u56de\u9000\n  path.removeLast();\n}\n
    preorder_traversal_iii_compact.rs
    /* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e09 */\nfn pre_order(res: &mut Vec<Vec<Rc<RefCell<TreeNode>>>>, path: &mut Vec<Rc<RefCell<TreeNode>>>, root: Option<Rc<RefCell<TreeNode>>>) {\n    // \u526a\u679d\n    if root.is_none() || root.as_ref().unwrap().borrow().val == 3 {\n        return;\n    }\n    if let Some(node) = root {\n        // \u5c1d\u8bd5\n        path.push(node.clone());\n        if node.borrow().val == 7 {\n            // \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n            res.push(path.clone());\n        }\n        pre_order(res, path, node.borrow().left.clone());\n        pre_order(res, path, node.borrow().right.clone());\n        // \u56de\u9000\n        path.remove(path.len() -  1);\n    }\n}\n
    preorder_traversal_iii_compact.c
    /* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e09 */\nvoid preOrder(TreeNode *root) {\n    // \u526a\u679d\n    if (root == NULL || root->val == 3) {\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u5c1d\u8bd5\n    path[pathSize++] = root;\n    if (root->val == 7) {\n        // \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n        for (int i = 0; i < pathSize; i++) {\n            res[resSize][i] = path[i];\n        }\n        resSize++;\n    }\n    preOrder(root->left);\n    preOrder(root->right);\n    // \u56de\u9000\n    pathSize--;\n}\n
    preorder_traversal_iii_compact.zig
    [class]{}-[func]{preOrder}\n

    \u201c\u526a\u679d\u201d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u5f62\u8c61\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\u3002\u5982\u56fe 13-3 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5728\u641c\u7d22\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u201c\u526a\u6389\u201d\u4e86\u4e0d\u6ee1\u8db3\u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u641c\u7d22\u5206\u652f\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u8bb8\u591a\u65e0\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u5c1d\u8bd5\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u641c\u7d22\u6548\u7387\u3002

    \u56fe 13-3 \u00a0 \u6839\u636e\u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6\u526a\u679d

    "},{"location":"chapter_backtracking/backtracking_algorithm/#1313","title":"13.1.3 \u00a0 \u6846\u67b6\u4ee3\u7801","text":"

    \u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5c06\u56de\u6eaf\u7684\u201c\u5c1d\u8bd5\u3001\u56de\u9000\u3001\u526a\u679d\u201d\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53\u6846\u67b6\u63d0\u70bc\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u63d0\u5347\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u901a\u7528\u6027\u3002

    \u5728\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6846\u67b6\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\uff0cstate \u8868\u793a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\uff0cchoices \u8868\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u51fa\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig 
    def backtrack(state: State, choices: list[choice], res: list[state]):\n    \"\"\"\u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\u6846\u67b6\"\"\"\n    # \u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u89e3\n    if is_solution(state):\n        # \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n        record_solution(state, res)\n        # \u4e0d\u518d\u7ee7\u7eed\u641c\u7d22\n        return\n    # \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    for choice in choices:\n        # \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u5224\u65ad\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5\n        if is_valid(state, choice):\n            # \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\n            make_choice(state, choice)\n            backtrack(state, choices, res)\n            # \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n            undo_choice(state, choice)\n
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\u6846\u67b6 */\nvoid backtrack(State *state, vector<Choice *> &choices, vector<State *> &res) {\n    // \u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u89e3\n    if (isSolution(state)) {\n        // \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n        recordSolution(state, res);\n        // \u4e0d\u518d\u7ee7\u7eed\u641c\u7d22\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    for (Choice choice : choices) {\n        // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u5224\u65ad\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5\n        if (isValid(state, choice)) {\n            // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\n            makeChoice(state, choice);\n            backtrack(state, choices, res);\n            // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n            undoChoice(state, choice);\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\u6846\u67b6 */\nvoid backtrack(State state, List<Choice> choices, List<State> res) {\n    // \u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u89e3\n    if (isSolution(state)) {\n        // \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n        recordSolution(state, res);\n        // \u4e0d\u518d\u7ee7\u7eed\u641c\u7d22\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    for (Choice choice : choices) {\n        // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u5224\u65ad\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5\n        if (isValid(state, choice)) {\n            // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\n            makeChoice(state, choice);\n            backtrack(state, choices, res);\n            // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n            undoChoice(state, choice);\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\u6846\u67b6 */\nvoid Backtrack(State state, List<Choice> choices, List<State> res) {\n    // \u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u89e3\n    if (IsSolution(state)) {\n        // \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n        RecordSolution(state, res);\n        // \u4e0d\u518d\u7ee7\u7eed\u641c\u7d22\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    foreach (Choice choice in choices) {\n        // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u5224\u65ad\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5\n        if (IsValid(state, choice)) {\n            // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\n            MakeChoice(state, choice);\n            Backtrack(state, choices, res);\n            // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n            UndoChoice(state, choice);\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\u6846\u67b6 */\nfunc backtrack(state *State, choices []Choice, res *[]State) {\n    // \u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u89e3\n    if isSolution(state) {\n        // \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n        recordSolution(state, res)\n        // \u4e0d\u518d\u7ee7\u7eed\u641c\u7d22\n        return\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    for _, choice := range choices {\n        // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u5224\u65ad\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5\n        if isValid(state, choice) {\n            // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\n            makeChoice(state, choice)\n            backtrack(state, choices, res)\n            // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n            undoChoice(state, choice)\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\u6846\u67b6 */\nfunc backtrack(state: inout State, choices: [Choice], res: inout [State]) {\n    // \u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u89e3\n    if isSolution(state: state) {\n        // \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n        recordSolution(state: state, res: &res)\n        // \u4e0d\u518d\u7ee7\u7eed\u641c\u7d22\n        return\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    for choice in choices {\n        // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u5224\u65ad\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5\n        if isValid(state: state, choice: choice) {\n            // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\n            makeChoice(state: &state, choice: choice)\n            backtrack(state: &state, choices: choices, res: &res)\n            // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n            undoChoice(state: &state, choice: choice)\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\u6846\u67b6 */\nfunction backtrack(state, choices, res) {\n    // \u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u89e3\n    if (isSolution(state)) {\n        // \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n        recordSolution(state, res);\n        // \u4e0d\u518d\u7ee7\u7eed\u641c\u7d22\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    for (let choice of choices) {\n        // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u5224\u65ad\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5\n        if (isValid(state, choice)) {\n            // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\n            makeChoice(state, choice);\n            backtrack(state, choices, res);\n            // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n            undoChoice(state, choice);\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\u6846\u67b6 */\nfunction backtrack(state: State, choices: Choice[], res: State[]): void {\n    // \u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u89e3\n    if (isSolution(state)) {\n        // \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n        recordSolution(state, res);\n        // \u4e0d\u518d\u7ee7\u7eed\u641c\u7d22\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    for (let choice of choices) {\n        // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u5224\u65ad\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5\n        if (isValid(state, choice)) {\n            // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\n            makeChoice(state, choice);\n            backtrack(state, choices, res);\n            // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n            undoChoice(state, choice);\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\u6846\u67b6 */\nvoid backtrack(State state, List<Choice>, List<State> res) {\n  // \u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u89e3\n  if (isSolution(state)) {\n    // \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n    recordSolution(state, res);\n    // \u4e0d\u518d\u7ee7\u7eed\u641c\u7d22\n    return;\n  }\n  // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n  for (Choice choice in choices) {\n    // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u5224\u65ad\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5\n    if (isValid(state, choice)) {\n      // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\n      makeChoice(state, choice);\n      backtrack(state, choices, res);\n      // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n      undoChoice(state, choice);\n    }\n  }\n}\n
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\u6846\u67b6 */\nfn backtrack(state: &mut State, choices: &Vec<Choice>, res: &mut Vec<State>) {\n    // \u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u89e3\n    if is_solution(state) {\n        // \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n        record_solution(state, res);\n        // \u4e0d\u518d\u7ee7\u7eed\u641c\u7d22\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    for choice in choices {\n        // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u5224\u65ad\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5\n        if is_valid(state, choice) {\n            // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\n            make_choice(state, choice);\n            backtrack(state, choices, res);\n            // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n            undo_choice(state, choice);\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\u6846\u67b6 */\nvoid backtrack(State *state, Choice *choices, int numChoices, State *res, int numRes) {\n    // \u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u89e3\n    if (isSolution(state)) {\n        // \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n        recordSolution(state, res, numRes);\n        // \u4e0d\u518d\u7ee7\u7eed\u641c\u7d22\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    for (int i = 0; i < numChoices; i++) {\n        // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u5224\u65ad\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5\n        if (isValid(state, &choices[i])) {\n            // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\n            makeChoice(state, &choices[i]);\n            backtrack(state, choices, numChoices, res, numRes);\n            // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n            undoChoice(state, &choices[i]);\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    \n

    \u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u57fa\u4e8e\u6846\u67b6\u4ee3\u7801\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u4f8b\u9898\u4e09\u3002\u72b6\u6001 state \u4e3a\u8282\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u9009\u62e9 choices \u4e3a\u5f53\u524d\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c res \u662f\u8def\u5f84\u5217\u8868\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig preorder_traversal_iii_template.py
    def is_solution(state: list[TreeNode]) -> bool:\n    \"\"\"\u5224\u65ad\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u89e3\"\"\"\n    return state and state[-1].val == 7\n\ndef record_solution(state: list[TreeNode], res: list[list[TreeNode]]):\n    \"\"\"\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\"\"\"\n    res.append(list(state))\n\ndef is_valid(state: list[TreeNode], choice: TreeNode) -> bool:\n    \"\"\"\u5224\u65ad\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\uff0c\u8be5\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5\"\"\"\n    return choice is not None and choice.val != 3\n\ndef make_choice(state: list[TreeNode], choice: TreeNode):\n    \"\"\"\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\"\"\"\n    state.append(choice)\n\ndef undo_choice(state: list[TreeNode], choice: TreeNode):\n    \"\"\"\u6062\u590d\u72b6\u6001\"\"\"\n    state.pop()\n\ndef backtrack(\n    state: list[TreeNode], choices: list[TreeNode], res: list[list[TreeNode]]\n):\n    \"\"\"\u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e09\"\"\"\n    # \u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u89e3\n    if is_solution(state):\n        # \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n        record_solution(state, res)\n    # \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    for choice in choices:\n        # \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u68c0\u67e5\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5\n        if is_valid(state, choice):\n            # \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\n            make_choice(state, choice)\n            # \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\n            backtrack(state, [choice.left, choice.right], res)\n            # \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n            undo_choice(state, choice)\n
    preorder_traversal_iii_template.cpp
    /* \u5224\u65ad\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u89e3 */\nbool isSolution(vector<TreeNode *> &state) {\n    return !state.empty() && state.back()->val == 7;\n}\n\n/* \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3 */\nvoid recordSolution(vector<TreeNode *> &state, vector<vector<TreeNode *>> &res) {\n    res.push_back(state);\n}\n\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\uff0c\u8be5\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5 */\nbool isValid(vector<TreeNode *> &state, TreeNode *choice) {\n    return choice != nullptr && choice->val != 3;\n}\n\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001 */\nvoid makeChoice(vector<TreeNode *> &state, TreeNode *choice) {\n    state.push_back(choice);\n}\n\n/* \u6062\u590d\u72b6\u6001 */\nvoid undoChoice(vector<TreeNode *> &state, TreeNode *choice) {\n    state.pop_back();\n}\n\n/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e09 */\nvoid backtrack(vector<TreeNode *> &state, vector<TreeNode *> &choices, vector<vector<TreeNode *>> &res) {\n    // \u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u89e3\n    if (isSolution(state)) {\n        // \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n        recordSolution(state, res);\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    for (TreeNode *choice : choices) {\n        // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u68c0\u67e5\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5\n        if (isValid(state, choice)) {\n            // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\n            makeChoice(state, choice);\n            // \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\n            vector<TreeNode *> nextChoices{choice->left, choice->right};\n            backtrack(state, nextChoices, res);\n            // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n            undoChoice(state, choice);\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    preorder_traversal_iii_template.java
    /* \u5224\u65ad\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u89e3 */\nboolean isSolution(List<TreeNode> state) {\n    return !state.isEmpty() && state.get(state.size() - 1).val == 7;\n}\n\n/* \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3 */\nvoid recordSolution(List<TreeNode> state, List<List<TreeNode>> res) {\n    res.add(new ArrayList<>(state));\n}\n\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\uff0c\u8be5\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5 */\nboolean isValid(List<TreeNode> state, TreeNode choice) {\n    return choice != null && choice.val != 3;\n}\n\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001 */\nvoid makeChoice(List<TreeNode> state, TreeNode choice) {\n    state.add(choice);\n}\n\n/* \u6062\u590d\u72b6\u6001 */\nvoid undoChoice(List<TreeNode> state, TreeNode choice) {\n    state.remove(state.size() - 1);\n}\n\n/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e09 */\nvoid backtrack(List<TreeNode> state, List<TreeNode> choices, List<List<TreeNode>> res) {\n    // \u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u89e3\n    if (isSolution(state)) {\n        // \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n        recordSolution(state, res);\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    for (TreeNode choice : choices) {\n        // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u68c0\u67e5\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5\n        if (isValid(state, choice)) {\n            // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\n            makeChoice(state, choice);\n            // \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\n            backtrack(state, Arrays.asList(choice.left, choice.right), res);\n            // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n            undoChoice(state, choice);\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    preorder_traversal_iii_template.cs
    /* \u5224\u65ad\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u89e3 */\nbool IsSolution(List<TreeNode> state) {\n    return state.Count != 0 && state[^1].val == 7;\n}\n\n/* \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3 */\nvoid RecordSolution(List<TreeNode> state, List<List<TreeNode>> res) {\n    res.Add(new List<TreeNode>(state));\n}\n\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\uff0c\u8be5\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5 */\nbool IsValid(List<TreeNode> state, TreeNode choice) {\n    return choice != null && choice.val != 3;\n}\n\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001 */\nvoid MakeChoice(List<TreeNode> state, TreeNode choice) {\n    state.Add(choice);\n}\n\n/* \u6062\u590d\u72b6\u6001 */\nvoid UndoChoice(List<TreeNode> state, TreeNode choice) {\n    state.RemoveAt(state.Count - 1);\n}\n\n/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e09 */\nvoid Backtrack(List<TreeNode> state, List<TreeNode> choices, List<List<TreeNode>> res) {\n    // \u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u89e3\n    if (IsSolution(state)) {\n        // \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n        RecordSolution(state, res);\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    foreach (TreeNode choice in choices) {\n        // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u68c0\u67e5\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5\n        if (IsValid(state, choice)) {\n            // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\n            MakeChoice(state, choice);\n            // \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\n            Backtrack(state, [choice.left!, choice.right!], res);\n            // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n            UndoChoice(state, choice);\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    preorder_traversal_iii_template.go
    /* \u5224\u65ad\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u89e3 */\nfunc isSolution(state *[]*TreeNode) bool {\n    return len(*state) != 0 && (*state)[len(*state)-1].Val == 7\n}\n\n/* \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3 */\nfunc recordSolution(state *[]*TreeNode, res *[][]*TreeNode) {\n    *res = append(*res, *state)\n}\n\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\uff0c\u8be5\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5 */\nfunc isValid(state *[]*TreeNode, choice *TreeNode) bool {\n    return choice != nil && choice.Val != 3\n}\n\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001 */\nfunc makeChoice(state *[]*TreeNode, choice *TreeNode) {\n    *state = append(*state, choice)\n}\n\n/* \u6062\u590d\u72b6\u6001 */\nfunc undoChoice(state *[]*TreeNode, choice *TreeNode) {\n    *state = (*state)[:len(*state)-1]\n}\n\n/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e09 */\nfunc backtrackIII(state *[]*TreeNode, choices *[]*TreeNode, res *[][]*TreeNode) {\n    // \u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u89e3\n    if isSolution(state) {\n        // \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n        recordSolution(state, res)\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    for _, choice := range *choices {\n        // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u68c0\u67e5\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5\n        if isValid(state, choice) {\n            // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\n            makeChoice(state, choice)\n            // \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\n            temp := make([]*TreeNode, 0)\n            temp = append(temp, choice.Left, choice.Right)\n            backtrackIII(state, &temp, res)\n            // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n            undoChoice(state, choice)\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    preorder_traversal_iii_template.swift
    /* \u5224\u65ad\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u89e3 */\nfunc isSolution(state: [TreeNode]) -> Bool {\n    !state.isEmpty && state.last!.val == 7\n}\n\n/* \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3 */\nfunc recordSolution(state: [TreeNode], res: inout [[TreeNode]]) {\n    res.append(state)\n}\n\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\uff0c\u8be5\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5 */\nfunc isValid(state: [TreeNode], choice: TreeNode?) -> Bool {\n    choice != nil && choice!.val != 3\n}\n\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001 */\nfunc makeChoice(state: inout [TreeNode], choice: TreeNode) {\n    state.append(choice)\n}\n\n/* \u6062\u590d\u72b6\u6001 */\nfunc undoChoice(state: inout [TreeNode], choice: TreeNode) {\n    state.removeLast()\n}\n\n/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e09 */\nfunc backtrack(state: inout [TreeNode], choices: [TreeNode], res: inout [[TreeNode]]) {\n    // \u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u89e3\n    if isSolution(state: state) {\n        recordSolution(state: state, res: &res)\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    for choice in choices {\n        // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u68c0\u67e5\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5\n        if isValid(state: state, choice: choice) {\n            // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\n            makeChoice(state: &state, choice: choice)\n            // \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\n            backtrack(state: &state, choices: [choice.left, choice.right].compactMap { $0 }, res: &res)\n            // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n            undoChoice(state: &state, choice: choice)\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    preorder_traversal_iii_template.js
    /* \u5224\u65ad\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u89e3 */\nfunction isSolution(state) {\n    return state && state[state.length - 1]?.val === 7;\n}\n\n/* \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3 */\nfunction recordSolution(state, res) {\n    res.push([...state]);\n}\n\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\uff0c\u8be5\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5 */\nfunction isValid(state, choice) {\n    return choice !== null && choice.val !== 3;\n}\n\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001 */\nfunction makeChoice(state, choice) {\n    state.push(choice);\n}\n\n/* \u6062\u590d\u72b6\u6001 */\nfunction undoChoice(state) {\n    state.pop();\n}\n\n/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e09 */\nfunction backtrack(state, choices, res) {\n    // \u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u89e3\n    if (isSolution(state)) {\n        // \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n        recordSolution(state, res);\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    for (const choice of choices) {\n        // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u68c0\u67e5\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5\n        if (isValid(state, choice)) {\n            // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\n            makeChoice(state, choice);\n            // \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\n            backtrack(state, [choice.left, choice.right], res);\n            // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n            undoChoice(state);\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    preorder_traversal_iii_template.ts
    /* \u5224\u65ad\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u89e3 */\nfunction isSolution(state: TreeNode[]): boolean {\n    return state && state[state.length - 1]?.val === 7;\n}\n\n/* \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3 */\nfunction recordSolution(state: TreeNode[], res: TreeNode[][]): void {\n    res.push([...state]);\n}\n\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\uff0c\u8be5\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5 */\nfunction isValid(state: TreeNode[], choice: TreeNode): boolean {\n    return choice !== null && choice.val !== 3;\n}\n\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001 */\nfunction makeChoice(state: TreeNode[], choice: TreeNode): void {\n    state.push(choice);\n}\n\n/* \u6062\u590d\u72b6\u6001 */\nfunction undoChoice(state: TreeNode[]): void {\n    state.pop();\n}\n\n/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e09 */\nfunction backtrack(\n    state: TreeNode[],\n    choices: TreeNode[],\n    res: TreeNode[][]\n): void {\n    // \u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u89e3\n    if (isSolution(state)) {\n        // \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n        recordSolution(state, res);\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    for (const choice of choices) {\n        // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u68c0\u67e5\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5\n        if (isValid(state, choice)) {\n            // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\n            makeChoice(state, choice);\n            // \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\n            backtrack(state, [choice.left, choice.right], res);\n            // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n            undoChoice(state);\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    preorder_traversal_iii_template.dart
    /* \u5224\u65ad\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u89e3 */\nbool isSolution(List<TreeNode> state) {\n  return state.isNotEmpty && state.last.val == 7;\n}\n\n/* \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3 */\nvoid recordSolution(List<TreeNode> state, List<List<TreeNode>> res) {\n  res.add(List.from(state));\n}\n\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\uff0c\u8be5\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5 */\nbool isValid(List<TreeNode> state, TreeNode? choice) {\n  return choice != null && choice.val != 3;\n}\n\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001 */\nvoid makeChoice(List<TreeNode> state, TreeNode? choice) {\n  state.add(choice!);\n}\n\n/* \u6062\u590d\u72b6\u6001 */\nvoid undoChoice(List<TreeNode> state, TreeNode? choice) {\n  state.removeLast();\n}\n\n/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e09 */\nvoid backtrack(\n  List<TreeNode> state,\n  List<TreeNode?> choices,\n  List<List<TreeNode>> res,\n) {\n  // \u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u89e3\n  if (isSolution(state)) {\n    // \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n    recordSolution(state, res);\n  }\n  // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n  for (TreeNode? choice in choices) {\n    // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u68c0\u67e5\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5\n    if (isValid(state, choice)) {\n      // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\n      makeChoice(state, choice);\n      // \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\n      backtrack(state, [choice!.left, choice.right], res);\n      // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n      undoChoice(state, choice);\n    }\n  }\n}\n
    preorder_traversal_iii_template.rs
    /* \u5224\u65ad\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u89e3 */\nfn is_solution(state: &mut Vec<Rc<RefCell<TreeNode>>>) -> bool {\n    return !state.is_empty() && state.get(state.len() - 1).unwrap().borrow().val == 7;\n}\n\n/* \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3 */\nfn record_solution(state: &mut Vec<Rc<RefCell<TreeNode>>>, res: &mut Vec<Vec<Rc<RefCell<TreeNode>>>>) {\n    res.push(state.clone());\n}\n\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\uff0c\u8be5\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5 */\nfn is_valid(_: &mut Vec<Rc<RefCell<TreeNode>>>, choice: Rc<RefCell<TreeNode>>) -> bool {\n    return choice.borrow().val != 3;\n}\n\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001 */\nfn make_choice(state: &mut Vec<Rc<RefCell<TreeNode>>>, choice: Rc<RefCell<TreeNode>>) {\n    state.push(choice);\n}\n\n/* \u6062\u590d\u72b6\u6001 */\nfn undo_choice(state: &mut Vec<Rc<RefCell<TreeNode>>>, _: Rc<RefCell<TreeNode>>) {\n    state.remove(state.len() - 1);\n}\n\n/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e09 */\nfn backtrack(state: &mut Vec<Rc<RefCell<TreeNode>>>, choices: &mut Vec<Rc<RefCell<TreeNode>>>, res: &mut Vec<Vec<Rc<RefCell<TreeNode>>>>) {\n    // \u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u89e3\n    if is_solution(state) {\n        // \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n        record_solution(state, res);\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    for choice in choices {\n        // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u68c0\u67e5\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5\n        if is_valid(state, choice.clone()) {\n            // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\n            make_choice(state, choice.clone());\n            // \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\n            backtrack(state, &mut vec![choice.borrow().left.clone().unwrap(), choice.borrow().right.clone().unwrap()], res);\n            // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n            undo_choice(state, choice.clone());\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    preorder_traversal_iii_template.c
    /* \u5224\u65ad\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u89e3 */\nbool isSolution(void) {\n    return pathSize > 0 && path[pathSize - 1]->val == 7;\n}\n\n/* \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3 */\nvoid recordSolution(void) {\n    for (int i = 0; i < pathSize; i++) {\n        res[resSize][i] = path[i];\n    }\n    resSize++;\n}\n\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\uff0c\u8be5\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5 */\nbool isValid(TreeNode *choice) {\n    return choice != NULL && choice->val != 3;\n}\n\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001 */\nvoid makeChoice(TreeNode *choice) {\n    path[pathSize++] = choice;\n}\n\n/* \u6062\u590d\u72b6\u6001 */\nvoid undoChoice(void) {\n    pathSize--;\n}\n\n/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u4f8b\u9898\u4e09 */\nvoid backtrack(TreeNode *choices[2]) {\n    // \u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u89e3\n    if (isSolution()) {\n        // \u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n        recordSolution();\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {\n        TreeNode *choice = choices[i];\n        // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u68c0\u67e5\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5\n        if (isValid(choice)) {\n            // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\n            makeChoice(choice);\n            // \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\n            TreeNode *nextChoices[2] = {choice->left, choice->right};\n            backtrack(nextChoices);\n            // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n            undoChoice();\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    preorder_traversal_iii_template.zig
    [class]{}-[func]{isSolution}\n\n[class]{}-[func]{recordSolution}\n\n[class]{}-[func]{isValid}\n\n[class]{}-[func]{makeChoice}\n\n[class]{}-[func]{undoChoice}\n\n[class]{}-[func]{backtrack}\n

    \u6839\u636e\u9898\u610f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u627e\u5230\u503c\u4e3a \\(7\\) \u7684\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u5e94\u8be5\u7ee7\u7eed\u641c\u7d22\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\u4e4b\u540e\u7684 return \u8bed\u53e5\u5220\u9664\u3002\u56fe 13-4 \u5bf9\u6bd4\u4e86\u4fdd\u7559\u6216\u5220\u9664 return \u8bed\u53e5\u7684\u641c\u7d22\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002

    \u56fe 13-4 \u00a0 \u4fdd\u7559\u4e0e\u5220\u9664 return \u7684\u641c\u7d22\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5bf9\u6bd4

    \u76f8\u6bd4\u57fa\u4e8e\u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\u6846\u67b6\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0\u867d\u7136\u663e\u5f97\u5570\u5506\uff0c\u4f46\u901a\u7528\u6027\u66f4\u597d\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u56de\u6eaf\u95ee\u9898\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u8be5\u6846\u67b6\u4e0b\u89e3\u51b3\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u9700\u6839\u636e\u5177\u4f53\u95ee\u9898\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49 state \u548c choices \uff0c\u5e76\u5b9e\u73b0\u6846\u67b6\u4e2d\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u5373\u53ef\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_backtracking/backtracking_algorithm/#1314","title":"13.1.4 \u00a0 \u5e38\u7528\u672f\u8bed","text":"

    \u4e3a\u4e86\u66f4\u6e05\u6670\u5730\u5206\u6790\u7b97\u6cd5\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u603b\u7ed3\u4e00\u4e0b\u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e2d\u5e38\u7528\u672f\u8bed\u7684\u542b\u4e49\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u7167\u4f8b\u9898\u4e09\u7ed9\u51fa\u5bf9\u5e94\u793a\u4f8b\uff0c\u5982\u8868 13-1 \u6240\u793a\u3002

    \u8868 13-1 \u00a0 \u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\u672f\u8bed

    \u540d\u8bcd \u5b9a\u4e49 \u4f8b\u9898\u4e09 \u89e3\uff08solution\uff09 \u89e3\u662f\u6ee1\u8db3\u95ee\u9898\u7279\u5b9a\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u7b54\u6848\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a \u6839\u8282\u70b9\u5230\u8282\u70b9 \\(7\\) \u7684\u6ee1\u8db3\u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8def\u5f84 \u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6\uff08constraint\uff09 \u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6\u662f\u95ee\u9898\u4e2d\u9650\u5236\u89e3\u7684\u53ef\u884c\u6027\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u526a\u679d \u8def\u5f84\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u8282\u70b9 \\(3\\) \u72b6\u6001\uff08state\uff09 \u72b6\u6001\u8868\u793a\u95ee\u9898\u5728\u67d0\u4e00\u65f6\u523b\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5df2\u7ecf\u505a\u51fa\u7684\u9009\u62e9 \u5f53\u524d\u5df2\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u5373 path \u8282\u70b9\u5217\u8868 \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff08attempt\uff09 \u5c1d\u8bd5\u662f\u6839\u636e\u53ef\u7528\u9009\u62e9\u6765\u63a2\u7d22\u89e3\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u89e3 \u9012\u5f52\u8bbf\u95ee\u5de6\uff08\u53f3\uff09\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5c06\u8282\u70b9\u6dfb\u52a0\u8fdb path \uff0c\u5224\u65ad\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u503c\u662f\u5426\u4e3a \\(7\\) \u56de\u9000\uff08backtracking\uff09 \u56de\u9000\u6307\u9047\u5230\u4e0d\u6ee1\u8db3\u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u65f6\uff0c\u64a4\u9500\u524d\u9762\u505a\u51fa\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u56de\u5230\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001 \u5f53\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u3001\u7ed3\u675f\u8282\u70b9\u8bbf\u95ee\u3001\u9047\u5230\u503c\u4e3a \\(3\\) \u7684\u8282\u70b9\u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\u641c\u7d22\uff0c\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de \u526a\u679d\uff08pruning\uff09 \u526a\u679d\u662f\u6839\u636e\u95ee\u9898\u7279\u6027\u548c\u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6\u907f\u514d\u65e0\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u641c\u7d22\u8def\u5f84\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u63d0\u9ad8\u641c\u7d22\u6548\u7387 \u5f53\u9047\u5230\u503c\u4e3a \\(3\\) \u7684\u8282\u70b9\u65f6\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u518d\u7ee7\u7eed\u641c\u7d22

    Tip

    \u95ee\u9898\u3001\u89e3\u3001\u72b6\u6001\u7b49\u6982\u5ff5\u662f\u901a\u7528\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u5206\u6cbb\u3001\u56de\u6eaf\u3001\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u3001\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b49\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e2d\u90fd\u6709\u6d89\u53ca\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_backtracking/backtracking_algorithm/#1315","title":"13.1.5 \u00a0 \u4f18\u70b9\u4e0e\u5c40\u9650\u6027","text":"

    \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u641c\u7d22\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b83\u5c1d\u8bd5\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u76f4\u5230\u627e\u5230\u6ee1\u8db3\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u89e3\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\u5728\u4e8e\u80fd\u591f\u627e\u5230\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5728\u5408\u7406\u7684\u526a\u679d\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e0b\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u5f88\u9ad8\u7684\u6548\u7387\u3002

    \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u5904\u7406\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u6216\u8005\u590d\u6742\u95ee\u9898\u65f6\uff0c\u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u6548\u7387\u53ef\u80fd\u96be\u4ee5\u63a5\u53d7\u3002

    • \u65f6\u95f4\uff1a\u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u904d\u5386\u72b6\u6001\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fbe\u5230\u6307\u6570\u9636\u6216\u9636\u4e58\u9636\u3002
    • \u7a7a\u95f4\uff1a\u5728\u9012\u5f52\u8c03\u7528\u4e2d\u9700\u8981\u4fdd\u5b58\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u8def\u5f84\u3001\u7528\u4e8e\u526a\u679d\u7684\u8f85\u52a9\u53d8\u91cf\u7b49\uff09\uff0c\u5f53\u6df1\u5ea6\u5f88\u5927\u65f6\uff0c\u7a7a\u95f4\u9700\u6c42\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u53d8\u5f97\u5f88\u5927\u3002

    \u5373\u4fbf\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u67d0\u4e9b\u641c\u7d22\u95ee\u9898\u548c\u7ea6\u675f\u6ee1\u8db3\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u65e0\u6cd5\u9884\u6d4b\u54ea\u4e9b\u9009\u62e9\u53ef\u751f\u6210\u6709\u6548\u7684\u89e3\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u8fdb\u884c\u904d\u5386\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5173\u952e\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u4f18\u5316\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u6548\u7387\u4f18\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u3002

    • \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u907f\u514d\u641c\u7d22\u90a3\u4e9b\u80af\u5b9a\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u89e3\u7684\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u8282\u7701\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002
    • \u542f\u53d1\u5f0f\u641c\u7d22\uff1a\u5728\u641c\u7d22\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5f15\u5165\u4e00\u4e9b\u7b56\u7565\u6216\u8005\u4f30\u8ba1\u503c\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f18\u5148\u641c\u7d22\u6700\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u6709\u6548\u89e3\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_backtracking/backtracking_algorithm/#1316","title":"13.1.6 \u00a0 \u56de\u6eaf\u5178\u578b\u4f8b\u9898","text":"

    \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u89e3\u51b3\u8bb8\u591a\u641c\u7d22\u95ee\u9898\u3001\u7ea6\u675f\u6ee1\u8db3\u95ee\u9898\u548c\u7ec4\u5408\u4f18\u5316\u95ee\u9898\u3002

    \u641c\u7d22\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u8fd9\u7c7b\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u627e\u5230\u6ee1\u8db3\u7279\u5b9a\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u3002

    • \u5168\u6392\u5217\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u96c6\u5408\uff0c\u6c42\u51fa\u5176\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u6392\u5217\u7ec4\u5408\u3002
    • \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u96c6\u5408\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u548c\uff0c\u627e\u5230\u96c6\u5408\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u548c\u4e3a\u76ee\u6807\u548c\u7684\u5b50\u96c6\u3002
    • \u6c49\u8bfa\u5854\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e09\u6839\u67f1\u5b50\u548c\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u5927\u5c0f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5706\u76d8\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u5706\u76d8\u4ece\u4e00\u6839\u67f1\u5b50\u79fb\u52a8\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u6839\u67f1\u5b50\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u53ea\u80fd\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\uff0c\u4e14\u4e0d\u80fd\u5c06\u5927\u5706\u76d8\u653e\u5728\u5c0f\u5706\u76d8\u4e0a\u3002

    \u7ea6\u675f\u6ee1\u8db3\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u8fd9\u7c7b\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u627e\u5230\u6ee1\u8db3\u6240\u6709\u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u89e3\u3002

    • \\(n\\) \u7687\u540e\uff1a\u5728 \\(n \\times n\\) \u7684\u68cb\u76d8\u4e0a\u653e\u7f6e \\(n\\) \u4e2a\u7687\u540e\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5b83\u4eec\u4e92\u4e0d\u653b\u51fb\u3002
    • \u6570\u72ec\uff1a\u5728 \\(9 \\times 9\\) \u7684\u7f51\u683c\u4e2d\u586b\u5165\u6570\u5b57 \\(1\\) ~ \\(9\\) \uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u6bcf\u884c\u3001\u6bcf\u5217\u548c\u6bcf\u4e2a \\(3 \\times 3\\) \u5b50\u7f51\u683c\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u4e0d\u91cd\u590d\u3002
    • \u56fe\u7740\u8272\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\uff0c\u7528\u6700\u5c11\u7684\u989c\u8272\u7ed9\u56fe\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u9876\u70b9\u7740\u8272\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u76f8\u90bb\u9876\u70b9\u989c\u8272\u4e0d\u540c\u3002

    \u7ec4\u5408\u4f18\u5316\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u8fd9\u7c7b\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec4\u5408\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u6ee1\u8db3\u67d0\u4e9b\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u3002

    • 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u7ec4\u7269\u54c1\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u80cc\u5305\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7269\u54c1\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u548c\u91cd\u91cf\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u5728\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\u9650\u5236\u5185\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u7269\u54c1\u4f7f\u5f97\u603b\u4ef7\u503c\u6700\u5927\u3002
    • \u65c5\u884c\u5546\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fe\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u70b9\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u8bbf\u95ee\u6240\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u70b9\u6070\u597d\u4e00\u6b21\u540e\u8fd4\u56de\u8d77\u70b9\uff0c\u6c42\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u3002
    • \u6700\u5927\u56e2\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\uff0c\u627e\u5230\u6700\u5927\u7684\u5b8c\u5168\u5b50\u56fe\uff0c\u5373\u5b50\u56fe\u4e2d\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u4e24\u4e2a\u9876\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u90fd\u6709\u8fb9\u76f8\u8fde\u3002

    \u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8bb8\u591a\u7ec4\u5408\u4f18\u5316\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u56de\u6eaf\u4e0d\u662f\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u3002

    • 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898\u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u89e3\u51b3\uff0c\u4ee5\u8fbe\u5230\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6548\u7387\u3002
    • \u65c5\u884c\u5546\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8457\u540d\u7684 NP-Hard \u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5e38\u7528\u89e3\u6cd5\u6709\u9057\u4f20\u7b97\u6cd5\u548c\u8681\u7fa4\u7b97\u6cd5\u7b49\u3002
    • \u6700\u5927\u56e2\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u56fe\u8bba\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ecf\u5178\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u53ef\u7528\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u7b49\u542f\u53d1\u5f0f\u7b97\u6cd5\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_backtracking/n_queens_problem/","title":"13.4 \u00a0 N \u7687\u540e\u95ee\u9898","text":"

    Question

    \u6839\u636e\u56fd\u9645\u8c61\u68cb\u7684\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u7687\u540e\u53ef\u4ee5\u653b\u51fb\u4e0e\u540c\u5904\u4e00\u884c\u3001\u4e00\u5217\u6216\u4e00\u6761\u659c\u7ebf\u4e0a\u7684\u68cb\u5b50\u3002\u7ed9\u5b9a \\(n\\) \u4e2a\u7687\u540e\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a \\(n \\times n\\) \u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u68cb\u76d8\uff0c\u5bfb\u627e\u4f7f\u5f97\u6240\u6709\u7687\u540e\u4e4b\u95f4\u65e0\u6cd5\u76f8\u4e92\u653b\u51fb\u7684\u6446\u653e\u65b9\u6848\u3002

    \u5982\u56fe 13-15 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5f53 \\(n = 4\\) \u65f6\uff0c\u5171\u53ef\u4ee5\u627e\u5230\u4e24\u4e2a\u89e3\u3002\u4ece\u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\\(n \\times n\\) \u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u68cb\u76d8\u5171\u6709 \\(n^2\\) \u4e2a\u683c\u5b50\uff0c\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u7684\u9009\u62e9 choices \u3002\u5728\u9010\u4e2a\u653e\u7f6e\u7687\u540e\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u68cb\u76d8\u72b6\u6001\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u65f6\u523b\u7684\u68cb\u76d8\u5c31\u662f\u72b6\u6001 state \u3002

    \u56fe 13-15 \u00a0 4 \u7687\u540e\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3

    \u56fe 13-16 \u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u672c\u9898\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6\uff1a\u591a\u4e2a\u7687\u540e\u4e0d\u80fd\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u884c\u3001\u540c\u4e00\u5217\u3001\u540c\u4e00\u6761\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u4e0a\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u5206\u4e3a\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf \\ \u548c\u6b21\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf / \u4e24\u79cd\u3002

    \u56fe 13-16 \u00a0 n \u7687\u540e\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6

    "},{"location":"chapter_backtracking/n_queens_problem/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u9010\u884c\u653e\u7f6e\u7b56\u7565","text":"

    \u7687\u540e\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u548c\u68cb\u76d8\u7684\u884c\u6570\u90fd\u4e3a \\(n\\) \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u5bb9\u6613\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u63a8\u8bba\uff1a\u68cb\u76d8\u6bcf\u884c\u90fd\u5141\u8bb8\u4e14\u53ea\u5141\u8bb8\u653e\u7f6e\u4e00\u4e2a\u7687\u540e\u3002

    \u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u91c7\u53d6\u9010\u884c\u653e\u7f6e\u7b56\u7565\uff1a\u4ece\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5728\u6bcf\u884c\u653e\u7f6e\u4e00\u4e2a\u7687\u540e\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u884c\u7ed3\u675f\u3002

    \u56fe 13-17 \u6240\u793a\u4e3a \\(4\\) \u7687\u540e\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u9010\u884c\u653e\u7f6e\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u53d7\u753b\u5e45\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u56fe 13-17 \u4ec5\u5c55\u5f00\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u7684\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u641c\u7d22\u5206\u652f\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5c06\u4e0d\u6ee1\u8db3\u5217\u7ea6\u675f\u548c\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u7ea6\u675f\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u90fd\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u526a\u679d\u3002

    \u56fe 13-17 \u00a0 \u9010\u884c\u653e\u7f6e\u7b56\u7565

    \u4ece\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c\u9010\u884c\u653e\u7f6e\u7b56\u7565\u8d77\u5230\u4e86\u526a\u679d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5b83\u907f\u514d\u4e86\u540c\u4e00\u884c\u51fa\u73b0\u591a\u4e2a\u7687\u540e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u641c\u7d22\u5206\u652f\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_backtracking/n_queens_problem/#2","title":"2. \u00a0 \u5217\u4e0e\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u526a\u679d","text":"

    \u4e3a\u4e86\u6ee1\u8db3\u5217\u7ea6\u675f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(n\\) \u7684\u5e03\u5c14\u578b\u6570\u7ec4 cols \u8bb0\u5f55\u6bcf\u4e00\u5217\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7687\u540e\u3002\u5728\u6bcf\u6b21\u51b3\u5b9a\u653e\u7f6e\u524d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7 cols \u5c06\u5df2\u6709\u7687\u540e\u7684\u5217\u8fdb\u884c\u526a\u679d\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u56de\u6eaf\u4e2d\u52a8\u6001\u66f4\u65b0 cols \u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002

    \u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u7ea6\u675f\u5462\uff1f\u8bbe\u68cb\u76d8\u4e2d\u67d0\u4e2a\u683c\u5b50\u7684\u884c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a \\((row, col)\\) \uff0c\u9009\u5b9a\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u7684\u67d0\u6761\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u8be5\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u4e0a\u6240\u6709\u683c\u5b50\u7684\u884c\u7d22\u5f15\u51cf\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u90fd\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u5373\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u4e0a\u6240\u6709\u683c\u5b50\u7684 \\(row - col\\) \u4e3a\u6052\u5b9a\u503c\u3002

    \u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e24\u4e2a\u683c\u5b50\u6ee1\u8db3 \\(row_1 - col_1 = row_2 - col_2\\) \uff0c\u5219\u5b83\u4eec\u4e00\u5b9a\u5904\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u6761\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u4e0a\u3002\u5229\u7528\u8be5\u89c4\u5f8b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u501f\u52a9\u56fe 13-18 \u6240\u793a\u7684\u6570\u7ec4 diags1 \u8bb0\u5f55\u6bcf\u6761\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u4e0a\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7687\u540e\u3002

    \u540c\u7406\uff0c\u6b21\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u4e0a\u7684\u6240\u6709\u683c\u5b50\u7684 \\(row + col\\) \u662f\u6052\u5b9a\u503c\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u540c\u6837\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u501f\u52a9\u6570\u7ec4 diags2 \u6765\u5904\u7406\u6b21\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u7ea6\u675f\u3002

    \u56fe 13-18 \u00a0 \u5904\u7406\u5217\u7ea6\u675f\u548c\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u7ea6\u675f

    "},{"location":"chapter_backtracking/n_queens_problem/#3","title":"3. \u00a0 \u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0","text":"

    \u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\\(n\\) \u7ef4\u65b9\u9635\u4e2d \\(row - col\\) \u7684\u8303\u56f4\u662f \\([-n + 1, n - 1]\\) \uff0c\\(row + col\\) \u7684\u8303\u56f4\u662f \\([0, 2n - 2]\\) \uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u548c\u6b21\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u90fd\u4e3a \\(2n - 1\\) \uff0c\u5373\u6570\u7ec4 diags1 \u548c diags2 \u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u90fd\u4e3a \\(2n - 1\\) \u3002

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig n_queens.py
    def backtrack(\n    row: int,\n    n: int,\n    state: list[list[str]],\n    res: list[list[list[str]]],\n    cols: list[bool],\n    diags1: list[bool],\n    diags2: list[bool],\n):\n    \"\"\"\u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1aN \u7687\u540e\"\"\"\n    # \u5f53\u653e\u7f6e\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n    if row == n:\n        res.append([list(row) for row in state])\n        return\n    # \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u5217\n    for col in range(n):\n        # \u8ba1\u7b97\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u548c\u6b21\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\n        diag1 = row - col + n - 1\n        diag2 = row + col\n        # \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\u6240\u5728\u5217\u3001\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u3001\u6b21\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u4e0a\u5b58\u5728\u7687\u540e\n        if not cols[col] and not diags1[diag1] and not diags2[diag2]:\n            # \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u5c06\u7687\u540e\u653e\u7f6e\u5728\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\n            state[row][col] = \"Q\"\n            cols[col] = diags1[diag1] = diags2[diag2] = True\n            # \u653e\u7f6e\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c\n            backtrack(row + 1, n, state, res, cols, diags1, diags2)\n            # \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u5c06\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\u6062\u590d\u4e3a\u7a7a\u4f4d\n            state[row][col] = \"#\"\n            cols[col] = diags1[diag1] = diags2[diag2] = False\n\ndef n_queens(n: int) -> list[list[list[str]]]:\n    \"\"\"\u6c42\u89e3 N \u7687\u540e\"\"\"\n    # \u521d\u59cb\u5316 n*n \u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u68cb\u76d8\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d 'Q' \u4ee3\u8868\u7687\u540e\uff0c'#' \u4ee3\u8868\u7a7a\u4f4d\n    state = [[\"#\" for _ in range(n)] for _ in range(n)]\n    cols = [False] * n  # \u8bb0\u5f55\u5217\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7687\u540e\n    diags1 = [False] * (2 * n - 1)  # \u8bb0\u5f55\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u4e0a\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7687\u540e\n    diags2 = [False] * (2 * n - 1)  # \u8bb0\u5f55\u6b21\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u4e0a\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7687\u540e\n    res = []\n    backtrack(0, n, state, res, cols, diags1, diags2)\n\n    return res\n
    n_queens.cpp
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1aN \u7687\u540e */\nvoid backtrack(int row, int n, vector<vector<string>> &state, vector<vector<vector<string>>> &res, vector<bool> &cols,\n               vector<bool> &diags1, vector<bool> &diags2) {\n    // \u5f53\u653e\u7f6e\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n    if (row == n) {\n        res.push_back(state);\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u5217\n    for (int col = 0; col < n; col++) {\n        // \u8ba1\u7b97\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u548c\u6b21\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\n        int diag1 = row - col + n - 1;\n        int diag2 = row + col;\n        // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\u6240\u5728\u5217\u3001\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u3001\u6b21\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u4e0a\u5b58\u5728\u7687\u540e\n        if (!cols[col] && !diags1[diag1] && !diags2[diag2]) {\n            // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u5c06\u7687\u540e\u653e\u7f6e\u5728\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\n            state[row][col] = \"Q\";\n            cols[col] = diags1[diag1] = diags2[diag2] = true;\n            // \u653e\u7f6e\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c\n            backtrack(row + 1, n, state, res, cols, diags1, diags2);\n            // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u5c06\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\u6062\u590d\u4e3a\u7a7a\u4f4d\n            state[row][col] = \"#\";\n            cols[col] = diags1[diag1] = diags2[diag2] = false;\n        }\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u6c42\u89e3 N \u7687\u540e */\nvector<vector<vector<string>>> nQueens(int n) {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 n*n \u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u68cb\u76d8\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d 'Q' \u4ee3\u8868\u7687\u540e\uff0c'#' \u4ee3\u8868\u7a7a\u4f4d\n    vector<vector<string>> state(n, vector<string>(n, \"#\"));\n    vector<bool> cols(n, false);           // \u8bb0\u5f55\u5217\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7687\u540e\n    vector<bool> diags1(2 * n - 1, false); // \u8bb0\u5f55\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u4e0a\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7687\u540e\n    vector<bool> diags2(2 * n - 1, false); // \u8bb0\u5f55\u6b21\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u4e0a\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7687\u540e\n    vector<vector<vector<string>>> res;\n\n    backtrack(0, n, state, res, cols, diags1, diags2);\n\n    return res;\n}\n
    n_queens.java
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1aN \u7687\u540e */\nvoid backtrack(int row, int n, List<List<String>> state, List<List<List<String>>> res,\n        boolean[] cols, boolean[] diags1, boolean[] diags2) {\n    // \u5f53\u653e\u7f6e\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n    if (row == n) {\n        List<List<String>> copyState = new ArrayList<>();\n        for (List<String> sRow : state) {\n            copyState.add(new ArrayList<>(sRow));\n        }\n        res.add(copyState);\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u5217\n    for (int col = 0; col < n; col++) {\n        // \u8ba1\u7b97\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u548c\u6b21\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\n        int diag1 = row - col + n - 1;\n        int diag2 = row + col;\n        // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\u6240\u5728\u5217\u3001\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u3001\u6b21\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u4e0a\u5b58\u5728\u7687\u540e\n        if (!cols[col] && !diags1[diag1] && !diags2[diag2]) {\n            // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u5c06\u7687\u540e\u653e\u7f6e\u5728\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\n            state.get(row).set(col, \"Q\");\n            cols[col] = diags1[diag1] = diags2[diag2] = true;\n            // \u653e\u7f6e\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c\n            backtrack(row + 1, n, state, res, cols, diags1, diags2);\n            // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u5c06\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\u6062\u590d\u4e3a\u7a7a\u4f4d\n            state.get(row).set(col, \"#\");\n            cols[col] = diags1[diag1] = diags2[diag2] = false;\n        }\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u6c42\u89e3 N \u7687\u540e */\nList<List<List<String>>> nQueens(int n) {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 n*n \u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u68cb\u76d8\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d 'Q' \u4ee3\u8868\u7687\u540e\uff0c'#' \u4ee3\u8868\u7a7a\u4f4d\n    List<List<String>> state = new ArrayList<>();\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        List<String> row = new ArrayList<>();\n        for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {\n            row.add(\"#\");\n        }\n        state.add(row);\n    }\n    boolean[] cols = new boolean[n]; // \u8bb0\u5f55\u5217\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7687\u540e\n    boolean[] diags1 = new boolean[2 * n - 1]; // \u8bb0\u5f55\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u4e0a\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7687\u540e\n    boolean[] diags2 = new boolean[2 * n - 1]; // \u8bb0\u5f55\u6b21\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u4e0a\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7687\u540e\n    List<List<List<String>>> res = new ArrayList<>();\n\n    backtrack(0, n, state, res, cols, diags1, diags2);\n\n    return res;\n}\n
    n_queens.cs
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1aN \u7687\u540e */\nvoid Backtrack(int row, int n, List<List<string>> state, List<List<List<string>>> res,\n        bool[] cols, bool[] diags1, bool[] diags2) {\n    // \u5f53\u653e\u7f6e\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n    if (row == n) {\n        List<List<string>> copyState = [];\n        foreach (List<string> sRow in state) {\n            copyState.Add(new List<string>(sRow));\n        }\n        res.Add(copyState);\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u5217\n    for (int col = 0; col < n; col++) {\n        // \u8ba1\u7b97\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u548c\u6b21\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\n        int diag1 = row - col + n - 1;\n        int diag2 = row + col;\n        // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\u6240\u5728\u5217\u3001\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u3001\u6b21\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u4e0a\u5b58\u5728\u7687\u540e\n        if (!cols[col] && !diags1[diag1] && !diags2[diag2]) {\n            // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u5c06\u7687\u540e\u653e\u7f6e\u5728\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\n            state[row][col] = \"Q\";\n            cols[col] = diags1[diag1] = diags2[diag2] = true;\n            // \u653e\u7f6e\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c\n            Backtrack(row + 1, n, state, res, cols, diags1, diags2);\n            // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u5c06\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\u6062\u590d\u4e3a\u7a7a\u4f4d\n            state[row][col] = \"#\";\n            cols[col] = diags1[diag1] = diags2[diag2] = false;\n        }\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u6c42\u89e3 N \u7687\u540e */\nList<List<List<string>>> NQueens(int n) {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 n*n \u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u68cb\u76d8\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d 'Q' \u4ee3\u8868\u7687\u540e\uff0c'#' \u4ee3\u8868\u7a7a\u4f4d\n    List<List<string>> state = [];\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        List<string> row = [];\n        for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {\n            row.Add(\"#\");\n        }\n        state.Add(row);\n    }\n    bool[] cols = new bool[n]; // \u8bb0\u5f55\u5217\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7687\u540e\n    bool[] diags1 = new bool[2 * n - 1]; // \u8bb0\u5f55\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u4e0a\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7687\u540e\n    bool[] diags2 = new bool[2 * n - 1]; // \u8bb0\u5f55\u6b21\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u4e0a\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7687\u540e\n    List<List<List<string>>> res = [];\n\n    Backtrack(0, n, state, res, cols, diags1, diags2);\n\n    return res;\n}\n
    n_queens.go
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1aN \u7687\u540e */\nfunc backtrack(row, n int, state *[][]string, res *[][][]string, cols, diags1, diags2 *[]bool) {\n    // \u5f53\u653e\u7f6e\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n    if row == n {\n        newState := make([][]string, len(*state))\n        for i, _ := range newState {\n            newState[i] = make([]string, len((*state)[0]))\n            copy(newState[i], (*state)[i])\n\n        }\n        *res = append(*res, newState)\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u5217\n    for col := 0; col < n; col++ {\n        // \u8ba1\u7b97\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u548c\u6b21\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\n        diag1 := row - col + n - 1\n        diag2 := row + col\n        // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\u6240\u5728\u5217\u3001\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u3001\u6b21\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u4e0a\u5b58\u5728\u7687\u540e\n        if !(*cols)[col] && !(*diags1)[diag1] && !(*diags2)[diag2] {\n            // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u5c06\u7687\u540e\u653e\u7f6e\u5728\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\n            (*state)[row][col] = \"Q\"\n            (*cols)[col], (*diags1)[diag1], (*diags2)[diag2] = true, true, true\n            // \u653e\u7f6e\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c\n            backtrack(row+1, n, state, res, cols, diags1, diags2)\n            // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u5c06\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\u6062\u590d\u4e3a\u7a7a\u4f4d\n            (*state)[row][col] = \"#\"\n            (*cols)[col], (*diags1)[diag1], (*diags2)[diag2] = false, false, false\n        }\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1aN \u7687\u540e */\nfunc backtrack(row, n int, state *[][]string, res *[][][]string, cols, diags1, diags2 *[]bool) {\n    // \u5f53\u653e\u7f6e\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n    if row == n {\n        newState := make([][]string, len(*state))\n        for i, _ := range newState {\n            newState[i] = make([]string, len((*state)[0]))\n            copy(newState[i], (*state)[i])\n\n        }\n        *res = append(*res, newState)\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u5217\n    for col := 0; col < n; col++ {\n        // \u8ba1\u7b97\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u548c\u6b21\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\n        diag1 := row - col + n - 1\n        diag2 := row + col\n        // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\u6240\u5728\u5217\u3001\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u3001\u6b21\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u4e0a\u5b58\u5728\u7687\u540e\n        if !(*cols)[col] && !(*diags1)[diag1] && !(*diags2)[diag2] {\n            // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u5c06\u7687\u540e\u653e\u7f6e\u5728\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\n            (*state)[row][col] = \"Q\"\n            (*cols)[col], (*diags1)[diag1], (*diags2)[diag2] = true, true, true\n            // \u653e\u7f6e\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c\n            backtrack(row+1, n, state, res, cols, diags1, diags2)\n            // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u5c06\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\u6062\u590d\u4e3a\u7a7a\u4f4d\n            (*state)[row][col] = \"#\"\n            (*cols)[col], (*diags1)[diag1], (*diags2)[diag2] = false, false, false\n        }\n    }\n}\n\nfunc nQueens(n int) [][][]string {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 n*n \u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u68cb\u76d8\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d 'Q' \u4ee3\u8868\u7687\u540e\uff0c'#' \u4ee3\u8868\u7a7a\u4f4d\n    state := make([][]string, n)\n    for i := 0; i < n; i++ {\n        row := make([]string, n)\n        for i := 0; i < n; i++ {\n            row[i] = \"#\"\n        }\n        state[i] = row\n    }\n    // \u8bb0\u5f55\u5217\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7687\u540e\n    cols := make([]bool, n)\n    diags1 := make([]bool, 2*n-1)\n    diags2 := make([]bool, 2*n-1)\n    res := make([][][]string, 0)\n    backtrack(0, n, &state, &res, &cols, &diags1, &diags2)\n    return res\n}\n
    n_queens.swift
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1aN \u7687\u540e */\nfunc backtrack(row: Int, n: Int, state: inout [[String]], res: inout [[[String]]], cols: inout [Bool], diags1: inout [Bool], diags2: inout [Bool]) {\n    // \u5f53\u653e\u7f6e\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n    if row == n {\n        res.append(state)\n        return\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u5217\n    for col in 0 ..< n {\n        // \u8ba1\u7b97\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u548c\u6b21\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\n        let diag1 = row - col + n - 1\n        let diag2 = row + col\n        // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\u6240\u5728\u5217\u3001\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u3001\u6b21\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u4e0a\u5b58\u5728\u7687\u540e\n        if !cols[col] && !diags1[diag1] && !diags2[diag2] {\n            // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u5c06\u7687\u540e\u653e\u7f6e\u5728\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\n            state[row][col] = \"Q\"\n            cols[col] = true\n            diags1[diag1] = true\n            diags2[diag2] = true\n            // \u653e\u7f6e\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c\n            backtrack(row: row + 1, n: n, state: &state, res: &res, cols: &cols, diags1: &diags1, diags2: &diags2)\n            // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u5c06\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\u6062\u590d\u4e3a\u7a7a\u4f4d\n            state[row][col] = \"#\"\n            cols[col] = false\n            diags1[diag1] = false\n            diags2[diag2] = false\n        }\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u6c42\u89e3 N \u7687\u540e */\nfunc nQueens(n: Int) -> [[[String]]] {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 n*n \u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u68cb\u76d8\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d 'Q' \u4ee3\u8868\u7687\u540e\uff0c'#' \u4ee3\u8868\u7a7a\u4f4d\n    var state = Array(repeating: Array(repeating: \"#\", count: n), count: n)\n    var cols = Array(repeating: false, count: n) // \u8bb0\u5f55\u5217\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7687\u540e\n    var diags1 = Array(repeating: false, count: 2 * n - 1) // \u8bb0\u5f55\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u4e0a\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7687\u540e\n    var diags2 = Array(repeating: false, count: 2 * n - 1) // \u8bb0\u5f55\u6b21\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u4e0a\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7687\u540e\n    var res: [[[String]]] = []\n\n    backtrack(row: 0, n: n, state: &state, res: &res, cols: &cols, diags1: &diags1, diags2: &diags2)\n\n    return res\n}\n
    n_queens.js
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1aN \u7687\u540e */\nfunction backtrack(row, n, state, res, cols, diags1, diags2) {\n    // \u5f53\u653e\u7f6e\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n    if (row === n) {\n        res.push(state.map((row) => row.slice()));\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u5217\n    for (let col = 0; col < n; col++) {\n        // \u8ba1\u7b97\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u548c\u6b21\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\n        const diag1 = row - col + n - 1;\n        const diag2 = row + col;\n        // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\u6240\u5728\u5217\u3001\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u3001\u6b21\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u4e0a\u5b58\u5728\u7687\u540e\n        if (!cols[col] && !diags1[diag1] && !diags2[diag2]) {\n            // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u5c06\u7687\u540e\u653e\u7f6e\u5728\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\n            state[row][col] = 'Q';\n            cols[col] = diags1[diag1] = diags2[diag2] = true;\n            // \u653e\u7f6e\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c\n            backtrack(row + 1, n, state, res, cols, diags1, diags2);\n            // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u5c06\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\u6062\u590d\u4e3a\u7a7a\u4f4d\n            state[row][col] = '#';\n            cols[col] = diags1[diag1] = diags2[diag2] = false;\n        }\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u6c42\u89e3 N \u7687\u540e */\nfunction nQueens(n) {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 n*n \u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u68cb\u76d8\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d 'Q' \u4ee3\u8868\u7687\u540e\uff0c'#' \u4ee3\u8868\u7a7a\u4f4d\n    const state = Array.from({ length: n }, () => Array(n).fill('#'));\n    const cols = Array(n).fill(false); // \u8bb0\u5f55\u5217\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7687\u540e\n    const diags1 = Array(2 * n - 1).fill(false); // \u8bb0\u5f55\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u4e0a\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7687\u540e\n    const diags2 = Array(2 * n - 1).fill(false); // \u8bb0\u5f55\u6b21\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u4e0a\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7687\u540e\n    const res = [];\n\n    backtrack(0, n, state, res, cols, diags1, diags2);\n    return res;\n}\n
    n_queens.ts
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1aN \u7687\u540e */\nfunction backtrack(\n    row: number,\n    n: number,\n    state: string[][],\n    res: string[][][],\n    cols: boolean[],\n    diags1: boolean[],\n    diags2: boolean[]\n): void {\n    // \u5f53\u653e\u7f6e\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n    if (row === n) {\n        res.push(state.map((row) => row.slice()));\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u5217\n    for (let col = 0; col < n; col++) {\n        // \u8ba1\u7b97\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u548c\u6b21\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\n        const diag1 = row - col + n - 1;\n        const diag2 = row + col;\n        // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\u6240\u5728\u5217\u3001\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u3001\u6b21\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u4e0a\u5b58\u5728\u7687\u540e\n        if (!cols[col] && !diags1[diag1] && !diags2[diag2]) {\n            // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u5c06\u7687\u540e\u653e\u7f6e\u5728\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\n            state[row][col] = 'Q';\n            cols[col] = diags1[diag1] = diags2[diag2] = true;\n            // \u653e\u7f6e\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c\n            backtrack(row + 1, n, state, res, cols, diags1, diags2);\n            // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u5c06\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\u6062\u590d\u4e3a\u7a7a\u4f4d\n            state[row][col] = '#';\n            cols[col] = diags1[diag1] = diags2[diag2] = false;\n        }\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u6c42\u89e3 N \u7687\u540e */\nfunction nQueens(n: number): string[][][] {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 n*n \u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u68cb\u76d8\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d 'Q' \u4ee3\u8868\u7687\u540e\uff0c'#' \u4ee3\u8868\u7a7a\u4f4d\n    const state = Array.from({ length: n }, () => Array(n).fill('#'));\n    const cols = Array(n).fill(false); // \u8bb0\u5f55\u5217\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7687\u540e\n    const diags1 = Array(2 * n - 1).fill(false); // \u8bb0\u5f55\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u4e0a\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7687\u540e\n    const diags2 = Array(2 * n - 1).fill(false); // \u8bb0\u5f55\u6b21\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u4e0a\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7687\u540e\n    const res: string[][][] = [];\n\n    backtrack(0, n, state, res, cols, diags1, diags2);\n    return res;\n}\n
    n_queens.dart
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1aN \u7687\u540e */\nvoid backtrack(\n  int row,\n  int n,\n  List<List<String>> state,\n  List<List<List<String>>> res,\n  List<bool> cols,\n  List<bool> diags1,\n  List<bool> diags2,\n) {\n  // \u5f53\u653e\u7f6e\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n  if (row == n) {\n    List<List<String>> copyState = [];\n    for (List<String> sRow in state) {\n      copyState.add(List.from(sRow));\n    }\n    res.add(copyState);\n    return;\n  }\n  // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u5217\n  for (int col = 0; col < n; col++) {\n    // \u8ba1\u7b97\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u548c\u6b21\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\n    int diag1 = row - col + n - 1;\n    int diag2 = row + col;\n    // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\u6240\u5728\u5217\u3001\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u3001\u6b21\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u4e0a\u5b58\u5728\u7687\u540e\n    if (!cols[col] && !diags1[diag1] && !diags2[diag2]) {\n      // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u5c06\u7687\u540e\u653e\u7f6e\u5728\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\n      state[row][col] = \"Q\";\n      cols[col] = true;\n      diags1[diag1] = true;\n      diags2[diag2] = true;\n      // \u653e\u7f6e\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c\n      backtrack(row + 1, n, state, res, cols, diags1, diags2);\n      // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u5c06\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\u6062\u590d\u4e3a\u7a7a\u4f4d\n      state[row][col] = \"#\";\n      cols[col] = false;\n      diags1[diag1] = false;\n      diags2[diag2] = false;\n    }\n  }\n}\n\n/* \u6c42\u89e3 N \u7687\u540e */\nList<List<List<String>>> nQueens(int n) {\n  // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 n*n \u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u68cb\u76d8\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d 'Q' \u4ee3\u8868\u7687\u540e\uff0c'#' \u4ee3\u8868\u7a7a\u4f4d\n  List<List<String>> state = List.generate(n, (index) => List.filled(n, \"#\"));\n  List<bool> cols = List.filled(n, false); // \u8bb0\u5f55\u5217\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7687\u540e\n  List<bool> diags1 = List.filled(2 * n - 1, false); // \u8bb0\u5f55\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u4e0a\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7687\u540e\n  List<bool> diags2 = List.filled(2 * n - 1, false); // \u8bb0\u5f55\u6b21\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u4e0a\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7687\u540e\n  List<List<List<String>>> res = [];\n\n  backtrack(0, n, state, res, cols, diags1, diags2);\n\n  return res;\n}\n
    n_queens.rs
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1aN \u7687\u540e */\nfn backtrack(row: usize, n: usize, state: &mut Vec<Vec<String>>, res: &mut Vec<Vec<Vec<String>>>,\n    cols: &mut [bool], diags1: &mut [bool], diags2: &mut [bool]) {\n    // \u5f53\u653e\u7f6e\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n    if row == n {\n        let mut copy_state: Vec<Vec<String>> = Vec::new();\n        for s_row in state.clone() {\n            copy_state.push(s_row);\n        }\n        res.push(copy_state);\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u5217\n    for col in 0..n {\n        // \u8ba1\u7b97\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u548c\u6b21\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\n        let diag1 = row + n - 1 - col;\n        let diag2 = row + col;\n        // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\u6240\u5728\u5217\u3001\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u3001\u6b21\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u4e0a\u5b58\u5728\u7687\u540e\n        if !cols[col] && !diags1[diag1] && !diags2[diag2] {\n            // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u5c06\u7687\u540e\u653e\u7f6e\u5728\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\n            state.get_mut(row).unwrap()[col] = \"Q\".into();\n            (cols[col], diags1[diag1], diags2[diag2]) = (true, true, true);\n            // \u653e\u7f6e\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c\n            backtrack(row + 1, n, state, res, cols, diags1, diags2);\n            // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u5c06\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\u6062\u590d\u4e3a\u7a7a\u4f4d\n            state.get_mut(row).unwrap()[col] = \"#\".into();\n            (cols[col], diags1[diag1], diags2[diag2]) = (false, false, false);\n        }\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u6c42\u89e3 N \u7687\u540e */\nfn n_queens(n: usize) -> Vec<Vec<Vec<String>>> {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 n*n \u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u68cb\u76d8\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d 'Q' \u4ee3\u8868\u7687\u540e\uff0c'#' \u4ee3\u8868\u7a7a\u4f4d\n    let mut state: Vec<Vec<String>> = Vec::new();\n    for _ in 0..n {\n        let mut row: Vec<String> = Vec::new();\n        for _ in 0..n {\n            row.push(\"#\".into());\n        }\n        state.push(row);\n    }\n    let mut cols = vec![false; n]; // \u8bb0\u5f55\u5217\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7687\u540e\n    let mut diags1 = vec![false; 2 * n - 1]; // \u8bb0\u5f55\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u4e0a\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7687\u540e\n    let mut diags2 = vec![false; 2 * n - 1]; // \u8bb0\u5f55\u6b21\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u4e0a\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7687\u540e\n    let mut res: Vec<Vec<Vec<String>>> = Vec::new();\n\n    backtrack(0, n, &mut state, &mut res, &mut cols, &mut diags1, &mut diags2);\n\n    res\n}\n
    n_queens.c
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1aN \u7687\u540e */\nvoid backtrack(int row, int n, char state[MAX_SIZE][MAX_SIZE], char ***res, int *resSize, bool cols[MAX_SIZE],\n               bool diags1[2 * MAX_SIZE - 1], bool diags2[2 * MAX_SIZE - 1]) {\n    // \u5f53\u653e\u7f6e\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n    if (row == n) {\n        res[*resSize] = (char **)malloc(sizeof(char *) * n);\n        for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {\n            res[*resSize][i] = (char *)malloc(sizeof(char) * (n + 1));\n            strcpy(res[*resSize][i], state[i]);\n        }\n        (*resSize)++;\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u5217\n    for (int col = 0; col < n; col++) {\n        // \u8ba1\u7b97\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u548c\u6b21\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\n        int diag1 = row - col + n - 1;\n        int diag2 = row + col;\n        // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\u6240\u5728\u5217\u3001\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u3001\u6b21\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u4e0a\u5b58\u5728\u7687\u540e\n        if (!cols[col] && !diags1[diag1] && !diags2[diag2]) {\n            // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u5c06\u7687\u540e\u653e\u7f6e\u5728\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\n            state[row][col] = 'Q';\n            cols[col] = diags1[diag1] = diags2[diag2] = true;\n            // \u653e\u7f6e\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c\n            backtrack(row + 1, n, state, res, resSize, cols, diags1, diags2);\n            // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u5c06\u8be5\u683c\u5b50\u6062\u590d\u4e3a\u7a7a\u4f4d\n            state[row][col] = '#';\n            cols[col] = diags1[diag1] = diags2[diag2] = false;\n        }\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u6c42\u89e3 N \u7687\u540e */\nchar ***nQueens(int n, int *returnSize) {\n    char state[MAX_SIZE][MAX_SIZE];\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 n*n \u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u68cb\u76d8\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d 'Q' \u4ee3\u8868\u7687\u540e\uff0c'#' \u4ee3\u8868\u7a7a\u4f4d\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {\n        for (int j = 0; j < n; ++j) {\n            state[i][j] = '#';\n        }\n        state[i][n] = '\\0';\n    }\n    bool cols[MAX_SIZE] = {false};           // \u8bb0\u5f55\u5217\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7687\u540e\n    bool diags1[2 * MAX_SIZE - 1] = {false}; // \u8bb0\u5f55\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u4e0a\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7687\u540e\n    bool diags2[2 * MAX_SIZE - 1] = {false}; // \u8bb0\u5f55\u6b21\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u4e0a\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7687\u540e\n\n    char ***res = (char ***)malloc(sizeof(char **) * MAX_SIZE);\n    *returnSize = 0;\n    backtrack(0, n, state, res, returnSize, cols, diags1, diags2);\n    return res;\n}\n
    n_queens.zig
    [class]{}-[func]{backtrack}\n\n[class]{}-[func]{nQueens}\n

    \u9010\u884c\u653e\u7f6e \\(n\\) \u6b21\uff0c\u8003\u8651\u5217\u7ea6\u675f\uff0c\u5219\u4ece\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u5230\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u884c\u5206\u522b\u6709 \\(n\\)\u3001\\(n-1\\)\u3001\\(\\dots\\)\u3001\\(2\\)\u3001\\(1\\) \u4e2a\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n!)\\) \u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u7ea6\u675f\u7684\u526a\u679d\u4e5f\u80fd\u591f\u5927\u5e45\u7f29\u5c0f\u641c\u7d22\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u641c\u7d22\u6548\u7387\u5f80\u5f80\u4f18\u4e8e\u4ee5\u4e0a\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u3002

    \u6570\u7ec4 state \u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(n^2)\\) \u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u6570\u7ec4 cols\u3001diags1 \u548c diags2 \u7686\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(n)\\) \u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u6700\u5927\u9012\u5f52\u6df1\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(n\\) \uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(n)\\) \u6808\u5e27\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n^2)\\) \u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_backtracking/permutations_problem/","title":"13.2 \u00a0 \u5168\u6392\u5217\u95ee\u9898","text":"

    \u5168\u6392\u5217\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5178\u578b\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u662f\u5728\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u96c6\u5408\uff08\u5982\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\u6216\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff09\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u627e\u51fa\u5176\u4e2d\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u6392\u5217\u3002

    \u8868 13-2 \u5217\u4e3e\u4e86\u51e0\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6392\u5217\u3002

    \u8868 13-2 \u00a0 \u5168\u6392\u5217\u793a\u4f8b

    \u8f93\u5165\u6570\u7ec4 \u6240\u6709\u6392\u5217 \\([1]\\) \\([1]\\) \\([1, 2]\\) \\([1, 2], [2, 1]\\) \\([1, 2, 3]\\) \\([1, 2, 3], [1, 3, 2], [2, 1, 3], [2, 3, 1], [3, 1, 2], [3, 2, 1]\\)"},{"location":"chapter_backtracking/permutations_problem/#1321","title":"13.2.1 \u00a0 \u65e0\u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u60c5\u51b5","text":"

    Question

    \u8f93\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u6574\u6570\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u6392\u5217\u3002

    \u4ece\u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u751f\u6210\u6392\u5217\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u60f3\u8c61\u6210\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u7ec4\u4e3a \\([1, 2, 3]\\) \uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u5148\u9009\u62e9 \\(1\\) \uff0c\u518d\u9009\u62e9 \\(3\\) \uff0c\u6700\u540e\u9009\u62e9 \\(2\\) \uff0c\u5219\u83b7\u5f97\u6392\u5217 \\([1, 3, 2]\\) \u3002\u56de\u9000\u8868\u793a\u64a4\u9500\u4e00\u4e2a\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e\u7ee7\u7eed\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5176\u4ed6\u9009\u62e9\u3002

    \u4ece\u56de\u6eaf\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u5019\u9009\u96c6\u5408 choices \u662f\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u72b6\u6001 state \u662f\u76f4\u81f3\u76ee\u524d\u5df2\u88ab\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u53ea\u5141\u8bb8\u88ab\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64 state \u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u3002

    \u5982\u56fe 13-5 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u641c\u7d22\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5c55\u5f00\u6210\u4e00\u68f5\u9012\u5f52\u6811\uff0c\u6811\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u4ee3\u8868\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001 state \u3002\u4ece\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e09\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\u540e\u5230\u8fbe\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e00\u4e2a\u6392\u5217\u3002

    \u56fe 13-5 \u00a0 \u5168\u6392\u5217\u7684\u9012\u5f52\u6811

    "},{"location":"chapter_backtracking/permutations_problem/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u526a\u679d","text":"

    \u4e3a\u4e86\u5b9e\u73b0\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u53ea\u88ab\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8003\u8651\u5f15\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e03\u5c14\u578b\u6570\u7ec4 selected \uff0c\u5176\u4e2d selected[i] \u8868\u793a choices[i] \u662f\u5426\u5df2\u88ab\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u5e76\u57fa\u4e8e\u5b83\u5b9e\u73b0\u4ee5\u4e0b\u526a\u679d\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002

    • \u5728\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9 choice[i] \u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u5c06 selected[i] \u8d4b\u503c\u4e3a \\(\\text{True}\\) \uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u5b83\u5df2\u88ab\u9009\u62e9\u3002
    • \u904d\u5386\u9009\u62e9\u5217\u8868 choices \u65f6\uff0c\u8df3\u8fc7\u6240\u6709\u5df2\u88ab\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5373\u526a\u679d\u3002

    \u5982\u56fe 13-6 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u7b2c\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9 1 \uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9 3 \uff0c\u7b2c\u4e09\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9 2 \uff0c\u5219\u9700\u8981\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8f6e\u526a\u6389\u5143\u7d20 1 \u7684\u5206\u652f\uff0c\u5728\u7b2c\u4e09\u8f6e\u526a\u6389\u5143\u7d20 1 \u548c\u5143\u7d20 3 \u7684\u5206\u652f\u3002

    \u56fe 13-6 \u00a0 \u5168\u6392\u5217\u526a\u679d\u793a\u4f8b

    \u89c2\u5bdf\u56fe 13-6 \u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u8be5\u526a\u679d\u64cd\u4f5c\u5c06\u641c\u7d22\u7a7a\u95f4\u5927\u5c0f\u4ece \\(O(n^n)\\) \u51cf\u5c0f\u81f3 \\(O(n!)\\) \u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_backtracking/permutations_problem/#2","title":"2. \u00a0 \u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0","text":"

    \u60f3\u6e05\u695a\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4fe1\u606f\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6846\u67b6\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u505a\u201c\u5b8c\u5f62\u586b\u7a7a\u201d\u4e86\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u7f29\u77ed\u6574\u4f53\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u5355\u72ec\u5b9e\u73b0\u6846\u67b6\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u5c55\u5f00\u5728 backtrack() \u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig permutations_i.py
    def backtrack(\n    state: list[int], choices: list[int], selected: list[bool], res: list[list[int]]\n):\n    \"\"\"\u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5168\u6392\u5217 I\"\"\"\n    # \u5f53\u72b6\u6001\u957f\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n    if len(state) == len(choices):\n        res.append(list(state))\n        return\n    # \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    for i, choice in enumerate(choices):\n        # \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u5143\u7d20\n        if not selected[i]:\n            # \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\n            selected[i] = True\n            state.append(choice)\n            # \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\n            backtrack(state, choices, selected, res)\n            # \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n            selected[i] = False\n            state.pop()\n\ndef permutations_i(nums: list[int]) -> list[list[int]]:\n    \"\"\"\u5168\u6392\u5217 I\"\"\"\n    res = []\n    backtrack(state=[], choices=nums, selected=[False] * len(nums), res=res)\n    return res\n
    permutations_i.cpp
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5168\u6392\u5217 I */\nvoid backtrack(vector<int> &state, const vector<int> &choices, vector<bool> &selected, vector<vector<int>> &res) {\n    // \u5f53\u72b6\u6001\u957f\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n    if (state.size() == choices.size()) {\n        res.push_back(state);\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    for (int i = 0; i < choices.size(); i++) {\n        int choice = choices[i];\n        // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u5143\u7d20\n        if (!selected[i]) {\n            // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\n            selected[i] = true;\n            state.push_back(choice);\n            // \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\n            backtrack(state, choices, selected, res);\n            // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n            selected[i] = false;\n            state.pop_back();\n        }\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u5168\u6392\u5217 I */\nvector<vector<int>> permutationsI(vector<int> nums) {\n    vector<int> state;\n    vector<bool> selected(nums.size(), false);\n    vector<vector<int>> res;\n    backtrack(state, nums, selected, res);\n    return res;\n}\n
    permutations_i.java
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5168\u6392\u5217 I */\nvoid backtrack(List<Integer> state, int[] choices, boolean[] selected, List<List<Integer>> res) {\n    // \u5f53\u72b6\u6001\u957f\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n    if (state.size() == choices.length) {\n        res.add(new ArrayList<Integer>(state));\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    for (int i = 0; i < choices.length; i++) {\n        int choice = choices[i];\n        // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u5143\u7d20\n        if (!selected[i]) {\n            // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\n            selected[i] = true;\n            state.add(choice);\n            // \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\n            backtrack(state, choices, selected, res);\n            // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n            selected[i] = false;\n            state.remove(state.size() - 1);\n        }\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u5168\u6392\u5217 I */\nList<List<Integer>> permutationsI(int[] nums) {\n    List<List<Integer>> res = new ArrayList<List<Integer>>();\n    backtrack(new ArrayList<Integer>(), nums, new boolean[nums.length], res);\n    return res;\n}\n
    permutations_i.cs
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5168\u6392\u5217 I */\nvoid Backtrack(List<int> state, int[] choices, bool[] selected, List<List<int>> res) {\n    // \u5f53\u72b6\u6001\u957f\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n    if (state.Count == choices.Length) {\n        res.Add(new List<int>(state));\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    for (int i = 0; i < choices.Length; i++) {\n        int choice = choices[i];\n        // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u5143\u7d20\n        if (!selected[i]) {\n            // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\n            selected[i] = true;\n            state.Add(choice);\n            // \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\n            Backtrack(state, choices, selected, res);\n            // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n            selected[i] = false;\n            state.RemoveAt(state.Count - 1);\n        }\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u5168\u6392\u5217 I */\nList<List<int>> PermutationsI(int[] nums) {\n    List<List<int>> res = [];\n    Backtrack([], nums, new bool[nums.Length], res);\n    return res;\n}\n
    permutations_i.go
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5168\u6392\u5217 I */\nfunc backtrackI(state *[]int, choices *[]int, selected *[]bool, res *[][]int) {\n    // \u5f53\u72b6\u6001\u957f\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n    if len(*state) == len(*choices) {\n        newState := append([]int{}, *state...)\n        *res = append(*res, newState)\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    for i := 0; i < len(*choices); i++ {\n        choice := (*choices)[i]\n        // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u5143\u7d20\n        if !(*selected)[i] {\n            // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\n            (*selected)[i] = true\n            *state = append(*state, choice)\n            // \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\n            backtrackI(state, choices, selected, res)\n            // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n            (*selected)[i] = false\n            *state = (*state)[:len(*state)-1]\n        }\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u5168\u6392\u5217 I */\nfunc permutationsI(nums []int) [][]int {\n    res := make([][]int, 0)\n    state := make([]int, 0)\n    selected := make([]bool, len(nums))\n    backtrackI(&state, &nums, &selected, &res)\n    return res\n}\n
    permutations_i.swift
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5168\u6392\u5217 I */\nfunc backtrack(state: inout [Int], choices: [Int], selected: inout [Bool], res: inout [[Int]]) {\n    // \u5f53\u72b6\u6001\u957f\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n    if state.count == choices.count {\n        res.append(state)\n        return\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    for (i, choice) in choices.enumerated() {\n        // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u5143\u7d20\n        if !selected[i] {\n            // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\n            selected[i] = true\n            state.append(choice)\n            // \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\n            backtrack(state: &state, choices: choices, selected: &selected, res: &res)\n            // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n            selected[i] = false\n            state.removeLast()\n        }\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u5168\u6392\u5217 I */\nfunc permutationsI(nums: [Int]) -> [[Int]] {\n    var state: [Int] = []\n    var selected = Array(repeating: false, count: nums.count)\n    var res: [[Int]] = []\n    backtrack(state: &state, choices: nums, selected: &selected, res: &res)\n    return res\n}\n
    permutations_i.js
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5168\u6392\u5217 I */\nfunction backtrack(state, choices, selected, res) {\n    // \u5f53\u72b6\u6001\u957f\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n    if (state.length === choices.length) {\n        res.push([...state]);\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    choices.forEach((choice, i) => {\n        // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u5143\u7d20\n        if (!selected[i]) {\n            // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\n            selected[i] = true;\n            state.push(choice);\n            // \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\n            backtrack(state, choices, selected, res);\n            // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n            selected[i] = false;\n            state.pop();\n        }\n    });\n}\n\n/* \u5168\u6392\u5217 I */\nfunction permutationsI(nums) {\n    const res = [];\n    backtrack([], nums, Array(nums.length).fill(false), res);\n    return res;\n}\n
    permutations_i.ts
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5168\u6392\u5217 I */\nfunction backtrack(\n    state: number[],\n    choices: number[],\n    selected: boolean[],\n    res: number[][]\n): void {\n    // \u5f53\u72b6\u6001\u957f\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n    if (state.length === choices.length) {\n        res.push([...state]);\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    choices.forEach((choice, i) => {\n        // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u5143\u7d20\n        if (!selected[i]) {\n            // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\n            selected[i] = true;\n            state.push(choice);\n            // \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\n            backtrack(state, choices, selected, res);\n            // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n            selected[i] = false;\n            state.pop();\n        }\n    });\n}\n\n/* \u5168\u6392\u5217 I */\nfunction permutationsI(nums: number[]): number[][] {\n    const res: number[][] = [];\n    backtrack([], nums, Array(nums.length).fill(false), res);\n    return res;\n}\n
    permutations_i.dart
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5168\u6392\u5217 I */\nvoid backtrack(\n  List<int> state,\n  List<int> choices,\n  List<bool> selected,\n  List<List<int>> res,\n) {\n  // \u5f53\u72b6\u6001\u957f\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n  if (state.length == choices.length) {\n    res.add(List.from(state));\n    return;\n  }\n  // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n  for (int i = 0; i < choices.length; i++) {\n    int choice = choices[i];\n    // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u5143\u7d20\n    if (!selected[i]) {\n      // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\n      selected[i] = true;\n      state.add(choice);\n      // \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\n      backtrack(state, choices, selected, res);\n      // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n      selected[i] = false;\n      state.removeLast();\n    }\n  }\n}\n\n/* \u5168\u6392\u5217 I */\nList<List<int>> permutationsI(List<int> nums) {\n  List<List<int>> res = [];\n  backtrack([], nums, List.filled(nums.length, false), res);\n  return res;\n}\n
    permutations_i.rs
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5168\u6392\u5217 I */\nfn backtrack(mut state: Vec<i32>, choices: &[i32], selected: &mut [bool], res: &mut Vec<Vec<i32>>) {\n    // \u5f53\u72b6\u6001\u957f\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n    if state.len() == choices.len() {\n        res.push(state);\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    for i in 0..choices.len() {\n        let choice = choices[i];\n        // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u5143\u7d20\n        if !selected[i] {\n            // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\n            selected[i] = true;\n            state.push(choice);\n            // \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\n            backtrack(state.clone(), choices, selected, res);\n            // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n            selected[i] = false;\n            state.remove(state.len() - 1);\n        }\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u5168\u6392\u5217 I */\nfn permutations_i(nums: &mut [i32]) -> Vec<Vec<i32>> {\n    let mut res = Vec::new(); // \u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\uff09\n    backtrack(Vec::new(), nums, &mut vec![false; nums.len()], &mut res);\n    res\n}\n
    permutations_i.c
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5168\u6392\u5217 I */\nvoid backtrack(int *state, int stateSize, int *choices, int choicesSize, bool *selected, int **res, int *resSize) {\n    // \u5f53\u72b6\u6001\u957f\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n    if (stateSize == choicesSize) {\n        res[*resSize] = (int *)malloc(choicesSize * sizeof(int));\n        for (int i = 0; i < choicesSize; i++) {\n            res[*resSize][i] = state[i];\n        }\n        (*resSize)++;\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    for (int i = 0; i < choicesSize; i++) {\n        int choice = choices[i];\n        // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u5143\u7d20\n        if (!selected[i]) {\n            // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\n            selected[i] = true;\n            state[stateSize] = choice;\n            // \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\n            backtrack(state, stateSize + 1, choices, choicesSize, selected, res, resSize);\n            // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n            selected[i] = false;\n        }\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u5168\u6392\u5217 I */\nint **permutationsI(int *nums, int numsSize, int *returnSize) {\n    int *state = (int *)malloc(numsSize * sizeof(int));\n    bool *selected = (bool *)malloc(numsSize * sizeof(bool));\n    for (int i = 0; i < numsSize; i++) {\n        selected[i] = false;\n    }\n    int **res = (int **)malloc(MAX_SIZE * sizeof(int *));\n    *returnSize = 0;\n\n    backtrack(state, 0, nums, numsSize, selected, res, returnSize);\n\n    free(state);\n    free(selected);\n\n    return res;\n}\n
    permutations_i.zig
    [class]{}-[func]{backtrack}\n\n[class]{}-[func]{permutationsI}\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_backtracking/permutations_problem/#1322","title":"13.2.2 \u00a0 \u8003\u8651\u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u60c5\u51b5","text":"

    Question

    \u8f93\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u6574\u6570\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u542b\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u6240\u6709\u4e0d\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u6392\u5217\u3002

    \u5047\u8bbe\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u7ec4\u4e3a \\([1, 1, 2]\\) \u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u65b9\u4fbf\u533a\u5206\u4e24\u4e2a\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20 \\(1\\) \uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a \\(1\\) \u8bb0\u4e3a \\(\\hat{1}\\) \u3002

    \u5982\u56fe 13-7 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u65b9\u6cd5\u751f\u6210\u7684\u6392\u5217\u6709\u4e00\u534a\u662f\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u3002

    \u56fe 13-7 \u00a0 \u91cd\u590d\u6392\u5217

    \u90a3\u4e48\u5982\u4f55\u53bb\u9664\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u6392\u5217\u5462\uff1f\u6700\u76f4\u63a5\u5730\uff0c\u8003\u8651\u501f\u52a9\u4e00\u4e2a\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5bf9\u6392\u5217\u7ed3\u679c\u8fdb\u884c\u53bb\u91cd\u3002\u7136\u800c\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u4e0d\u591f\u4f18\u96c5\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u751f\u6210\u91cd\u590d\u6392\u5217\u7684\u641c\u7d22\u5206\u652f\u6ca1\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\uff0c\u5e94\u5f53\u63d0\u524d\u8bc6\u522b\u5e76\u526a\u679d\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u63d0\u5347\u7b97\u6cd5\u6548\u7387\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_backtracking/permutations_problem/#1_1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\u526a\u679d","text":"

    \u89c2\u5bdf\u56fe 13-8 \uff0c\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u8f6e\u4e2d\uff0c\u9009\u62e9 \\(1\\) \u6216\u9009\u62e9 \\(\\hat{1}\\) \u662f\u7b49\u4ef7\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u9009\u62e9\u4e4b\u4e0b\u751f\u6210\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6392\u5217\u90fd\u662f\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u5e94\u8be5\u628a \\(\\hat{1}\\) \u526a\u679d\u3002

    \u540c\u7406\uff0c\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9 \\(2\\) \u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\u4e2d\u7684 \\(1\\) \u548c \\(\\hat{1}\\) \u4e5f\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u91cd\u590d\u5206\u652f\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e5f\u5e94\u5c06\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8f6e\u7684 \\(\\hat{1}\\) \u526a\u679d\u3002

    \u4ece\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u5728\u67d0\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\u4e2d\uff0c\u4fdd\u8bc1\u591a\u4e2a\u76f8\u7b49\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u4ec5\u88ab\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u6b21\u3002

    \u56fe 13-8 \u00a0 \u91cd\u590d\u6392\u5217\u526a\u679d

    "},{"location":"chapter_backtracking/permutations_problem/#2_1","title":"2. \u00a0 \u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0","text":"

    \u5728\u4e0a\u4e00\u9898\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8003\u8651\u5728\u6bcf\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\u4e2d\u5f00\u542f\u4e00\u4e2a\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 duplicated \uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u8be5\u8f6e\u4e2d\u5df2\u7ecf\u5c1d\u8bd5\u8fc7\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\u526a\u679d\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig permutations_ii.py
    def backtrack(\n    state: list[int], choices: list[int], selected: list[bool], res: list[list[int]]\n):\n    \"\"\"\u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5168\u6392\u5217 II\"\"\"\n    # \u5f53\u72b6\u6001\u957f\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n    if len(state) == len(choices):\n        res.append(list(state))\n        return\n    # \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    duplicated = set[int]()\n    for i, choice in enumerate(choices):\n        # \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u5143\u7d20 \u4e14 \u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\n        if not selected[i] and choice not in duplicated:\n            # \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\n            duplicated.add(choice)  # \u8bb0\u5f55\u9009\u62e9\u8fc7\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u503c\n            selected[i] = True\n            state.append(choice)\n            # \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\n            backtrack(state, choices, selected, res)\n            # \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n            selected[i] = False\n            state.pop()\n\ndef permutations_ii(nums: list[int]) -> list[list[int]]:\n    \"\"\"\u5168\u6392\u5217 II\"\"\"\n    res = []\n    backtrack(state=[], choices=nums, selected=[False] * len(nums), res=res)\n    return res\n
    permutations_ii.cpp
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5168\u6392\u5217 II */\nvoid backtrack(vector<int> &state, const vector<int> &choices, vector<bool> &selected, vector<vector<int>> &res) {\n    // \u5f53\u72b6\u6001\u957f\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n    if (state.size() == choices.size()) {\n        res.push_back(state);\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    unordered_set<int> duplicated;\n    for (int i = 0; i < choices.size(); i++) {\n        int choice = choices[i];\n        // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u5143\u7d20 \u4e14 \u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\n        if (!selected[i] && duplicated.find(choice) == duplicated.end()) {\n            // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\n            duplicated.emplace(choice); // \u8bb0\u5f55\u9009\u62e9\u8fc7\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u503c\n            selected[i] = true;\n            state.push_back(choice);\n            // \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\n            backtrack(state, choices, selected, res);\n            // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n            selected[i] = false;\n            state.pop_back();\n        }\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u5168\u6392\u5217 II */\nvector<vector<int>> permutationsII(vector<int> nums) {\n    vector<int> state;\n    vector<bool> selected(nums.size(), false);\n    vector<vector<int>> res;\n    backtrack(state, nums, selected, res);\n    return res;\n}\n
    permutations_ii.java
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5168\u6392\u5217 II */\nvoid backtrack(List<Integer> state, int[] choices, boolean[] selected, List<List<Integer>> res) {\n    // \u5f53\u72b6\u6001\u957f\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n    if (state.size() == choices.length) {\n        res.add(new ArrayList<Integer>(state));\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    Set<Integer> duplicated = new HashSet<Integer>();\n    for (int i = 0; i < choices.length; i++) {\n        int choice = choices[i];\n        // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u5143\u7d20 \u4e14 \u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\n        if (!selected[i] && !duplicated.contains(choice)) {\n            // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\n            duplicated.add(choice); // \u8bb0\u5f55\u9009\u62e9\u8fc7\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u503c\n            selected[i] = true;\n            state.add(choice);\n            // \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\n            backtrack(state, choices, selected, res);\n            // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n            selected[i] = false;\n            state.remove(state.size() - 1);\n        }\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u5168\u6392\u5217 II */\nList<List<Integer>> permutationsII(int[] nums) {\n    List<List<Integer>> res = new ArrayList<List<Integer>>();\n    backtrack(new ArrayList<Integer>(), nums, new boolean[nums.length], res);\n    return res;\n}\n
    permutations_ii.cs
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5168\u6392\u5217 II */\nvoid Backtrack(List<int> state, int[] choices, bool[] selected, List<List<int>> res) {\n    // \u5f53\u72b6\u6001\u957f\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n    if (state.Count == choices.Length) {\n        res.Add(new List<int>(state));\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    HashSet<int> duplicated = [];\n    for (int i = 0; i < choices.Length; i++) {\n        int choice = choices[i];\n        // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u5143\u7d20 \u4e14 \u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\n        if (!selected[i] && !duplicated.Contains(choice)) {\n            // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\n            duplicated.Add(choice); // \u8bb0\u5f55\u9009\u62e9\u8fc7\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u503c\n            selected[i] = true;\n            state.Add(choice);\n            // \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\n            Backtrack(state, choices, selected, res);\n            // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n            selected[i] = false;\n            state.RemoveAt(state.Count - 1);\n        }\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u5168\u6392\u5217 II */\nList<List<int>> PermutationsII(int[] nums) {\n    List<List<int>> res = [];\n    Backtrack([], nums, new bool[nums.Length], res);\n    return res;\n}\n
    permutations_ii.go
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5168\u6392\u5217 II */\nfunc backtrackII(state *[]int, choices *[]int, selected *[]bool, res *[][]int) {\n    // \u5f53\u72b6\u6001\u957f\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n    if len(*state) == len(*choices) {\n        newState := append([]int{}, *state...)\n        *res = append(*res, newState)\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    duplicated := make(map[int]struct{}, 0)\n    for i := 0; i < len(*choices); i++ {\n        choice := (*choices)[i]\n        // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u5143\u7d20 \u4e14 \u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\n        if _, ok := duplicated[choice]; !ok && !(*selected)[i] {\n            // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\n            // \u8bb0\u5f55\u9009\u62e9\u8fc7\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u503c\n            duplicated[choice] = struct{}{}\n            (*selected)[i] = true\n            *state = append(*state, choice)\n            // \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\n            backtrackI(state, choices, selected, res)\n            // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n            (*selected)[i] = false\n            *state = (*state)[:len(*state)-1]\n        }\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u5168\u6392\u5217 II */\nfunc permutationsII(nums []int) [][]int {\n    res := make([][]int, 0)\n    state := make([]int, 0)\n    selected := make([]bool, len(nums))\n    backtrackII(&state, &nums, &selected, &res)\n    return res\n}\n
    permutations_ii.swift
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5168\u6392\u5217 II */\nfunc backtrack(state: inout [Int], choices: [Int], selected: inout [Bool], res: inout [[Int]]) {\n    // \u5f53\u72b6\u6001\u957f\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n    if state.count == choices.count {\n        res.append(state)\n        return\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    var duplicated: Set<Int> = []\n    for (i, choice) in choices.enumerated() {\n        // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u5143\u7d20 \u4e14 \u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\n        if !selected[i], !duplicated.contains(choice) {\n            // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\n            duplicated.insert(choice) // \u8bb0\u5f55\u9009\u62e9\u8fc7\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u503c\n            selected[i] = true\n            state.append(choice)\n            // \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\n            backtrack(state: &state, choices: choices, selected: &selected, res: &res)\n            // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n            selected[i] = false\n            state.removeLast()\n        }\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u5168\u6392\u5217 II */\nfunc permutationsII(nums: [Int]) -> [[Int]] {\n    var state: [Int] = []\n    var selected = Array(repeating: false, count: nums.count)\n    var res: [[Int]] = []\n    backtrack(state: &state, choices: nums, selected: &selected, res: &res)\n    return res\n}\n
    permutations_ii.js
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5168\u6392\u5217 II */\nfunction backtrack(state, choices, selected, res) {\n    // \u5f53\u72b6\u6001\u957f\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n    if (state.length === choices.length) {\n        res.push([...state]);\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    const duplicated = new Set();\n    choices.forEach((choice, i) => {\n        // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u5143\u7d20 \u4e14 \u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\n        if (!selected[i] && !duplicated.has(choice)) {\n            // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\n            duplicated.add(choice); // \u8bb0\u5f55\u9009\u62e9\u8fc7\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u503c\n            selected[i] = true;\n            state.push(choice);\n            // \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\n            backtrack(state, choices, selected, res);\n            // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n            selected[i] = false;\n            state.pop();\n        }\n    });\n}\n\n/* \u5168\u6392\u5217 II */\nfunction permutationsII(nums) {\n    const res = [];\n    backtrack([], nums, Array(nums.length).fill(false), res);\n    return res;\n}\n
    permutations_ii.ts
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5168\u6392\u5217 II */\nfunction backtrack(\n    state: number[],\n    choices: number[],\n    selected: boolean[],\n    res: number[][]\n): void {\n    // \u5f53\u72b6\u6001\u957f\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n    if (state.length === choices.length) {\n        res.push([...state]);\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    const duplicated = new Set();\n    choices.forEach((choice, i) => {\n        // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u5143\u7d20 \u4e14 \u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\n        if (!selected[i] && !duplicated.has(choice)) {\n            // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\n            duplicated.add(choice); // \u8bb0\u5f55\u9009\u62e9\u8fc7\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u503c\n            selected[i] = true;\n            state.push(choice);\n            // \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\n            backtrack(state, choices, selected, res);\n            // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n            selected[i] = false;\n            state.pop();\n        }\n    });\n}\n\n/* \u5168\u6392\u5217 II */\nfunction permutationsII(nums: number[]): number[][] {\n    const res: number[][] = [];\n    backtrack([], nums, Array(nums.length).fill(false), res);\n    return res;\n}\n
    permutations_ii.dart
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5168\u6392\u5217 II */\nvoid backtrack(\n  List<int> state,\n  List<int> choices,\n  List<bool> selected,\n  List<List<int>> res,\n) {\n  // \u5f53\u72b6\u6001\u957f\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n  if (state.length == choices.length) {\n    res.add(List.from(state));\n    return;\n  }\n  // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n  Set<int> duplicated = {};\n  for (int i = 0; i < choices.length; i++) {\n    int choice = choices[i];\n    // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u5143\u7d20 \u4e14 \u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\n    if (!selected[i] && !duplicated.contains(choice)) {\n      // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\n      duplicated.add(choice); // \u8bb0\u5f55\u9009\u62e9\u8fc7\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u503c\n      selected[i] = true;\n      state.add(choice);\n      // \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\n      backtrack(state, choices, selected, res);\n      // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n      selected[i] = false;\n      state.removeLast();\n    }\n  }\n}\n\n/* \u5168\u6392\u5217 II */\nList<List<int>> permutationsII(List<int> nums) {\n  List<List<int>> res = [];\n  backtrack([], nums, List.filled(nums.length, false), res);\n  return res;\n}\n
    permutations_ii.rs
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5168\u6392\u5217 II */\nfn backtrack(mut state: Vec<i32>, choices: &[i32], selected: &mut [bool], res: &mut Vec<Vec<i32>>) {\n    // \u5f53\u72b6\u6001\u957f\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n    if state.len() == choices.len() {\n        res.push(state);\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    let mut duplicated = HashSet::<i32>::new();\n    for i in 0..choices.len() {\n        let choice = choices[i];\n        // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u5143\u7d20 \u4e14 \u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\n        if !selected[i] && !duplicated.contains(&choice) {\n            // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\n            duplicated.insert(choice); // \u8bb0\u5f55\u9009\u62e9\u8fc7\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u503c\n            selected[i] = true;\n            state.push(choice);\n            // \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\n            backtrack(state.clone(), choices, selected, res);\n            // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n            selected[i] = false;\n            state.remove(state.len() - 1);\n        }\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u5168\u6392\u5217 II */\nfn permutations_ii(nums: &mut [i32]) -> Vec<Vec<i32>> {\n    let mut res = Vec::new();\n    backtrack(Vec::new(), nums, &mut vec![false; nums.len()], &mut res);\n    res\n}\n
    permutations_ii.c
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5168\u6392\u5217 II */\nvoid backtrack(int *state, int stateSize, int *choices, int choicesSize, bool *selected, int **res, int *resSize) {\n    // \u5f53\u72b6\u6001\u957f\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n    if (stateSize == choicesSize) {\n        res[*resSize] = (int *)malloc(choicesSize * sizeof(int));\n        for (int i = 0; i < choicesSize; i++) {\n            res[*resSize][i] = state[i];\n        }\n        (*resSize)++;\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    bool duplicated[MAX_SIZE] = {false};\n    for (int i = 0; i < choicesSize; i++) {\n        int choice = choices[i];\n        // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u5143\u7d20 \u4e14 \u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\n        if (!selected[i] && !duplicated[choice]) {\n            // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\n            duplicated[choice] = true; // \u8bb0\u5f55\u9009\u62e9\u8fc7\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u503c\n            selected[i] = true;\n            state[stateSize] = choice;\n            // \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\n            backtrack(state, stateSize + 1, choices, choicesSize, selected, res, resSize);\n            // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n            selected[i] = false;\n        }\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u5168\u6392\u5217 II */\nint **permutationsII(int *nums, int numsSize, int *returnSize) {\n    int *state = (int *)malloc(numsSize * sizeof(int));\n    bool *selected = (bool *)malloc(numsSize * sizeof(bool));\n    for (int i = 0; i < numsSize; i++) {\n        selected[i] = false;\n    }\n    int **res = (int **)malloc(MAX_SIZE * sizeof(int *));\n    *returnSize = 0;\n\n    backtrack(state, 0, nums, numsSize, selected, res, returnSize);\n\n    free(state);\n    free(selected);\n\n    return res;\n}\n
    permutations_ii.zig
    [class]{}-[func]{backtrack}\n\n[class]{}-[func]{permutationsII}\n

    \u5047\u8bbe\u5143\u7d20\u4e24\u4e24\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e92\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u5219 \\(n\\) \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5171\u6709 \\(n!\\) \u79cd\u6392\u5217\uff08\u9636\u4e58\uff09\uff1b\u5728\u8bb0\u5f55\u7ed3\u679c\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u590d\u5236\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(n\\) \u7684\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(n)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n!n)\\) \u3002

    \u6700\u5927\u9012\u5f52\u6df1\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(n\\) \uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(n)\\) \u6808\u5e27\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002selected \u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(n)\\) \u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u540c\u4e00\u65f6\u523b\u6700\u591a\u5171\u6709 \\(n\\) \u4e2a duplicated \uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(n^2)\\) \u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n^2)\\) \u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_backtracking/permutations_problem/#3","title":"3. \u00a0 \u4e24\u79cd\u526a\u679d\u5bf9\u6bd4","text":"

    \u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u867d\u7136 selected \u548c duplicated \u90fd\u7528\u4e8e\u526a\u679d\uff0c\u4f46\u4e24\u8005\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u4e0d\u540c\u3002

    • \u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u526a\u679d\uff1a\u6574\u4e2a\u641c\u7d22\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a selected \u3002\u5b83\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u662f\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u54ea\u4e9b\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5176\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u907f\u514d\u67d0\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5728 state \u4e2d\u91cd\u590d\u51fa\u73b0\u3002
    • \u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\u526a\u679d\uff1a\u6bcf\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\uff08\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8c03\u7528\u7684 backtrack \u51fd\u6570\uff09\u90fd\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2a duplicated \u3002\u5b83\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u662f\u5728\u672c\u8f6e\u904d\u5386\uff08for \u5faa\u73af\uff09\u4e2d\u54ea\u4e9b\u5143\u7d20\u5df2\u88ab\u9009\u62e9\u8fc7\uff0c\u5176\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u4fdd\u8bc1\u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\u53ea\u88ab\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u6b21\u3002

    \u56fe 13-9 \u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u526a\u679d\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u751f\u6548\u8303\u56f4\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u6811\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u4ee3\u8868\u4e00\u4e2a\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u4ece\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u5230\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u4e0a\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u6784\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u6392\u5217\u3002

    \u56fe 13-9 \u00a0 \u4e24\u79cd\u526a\u679d\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u8303\u56f4

    "},{"location":"chapter_backtracking/subset_sum_problem/","title":"13.3 \u00a0 \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u95ee\u9898","text":""},{"location":"chapter_backtracking/subset_sum_problem/#1331","title":"13.3.1 \u00a0 \u65e0\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u60c5\u51b5","text":"

    Question

    \u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b63\u6574\u6570\u6570\u7ec4 nums \u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u6b63\u6574\u6570 target \uff0c\u8bf7\u627e\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u7ec4\u5408\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e target \u3002\u7ed9\u5b9a\u6570\u7ec4\u65e0\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u9009\u53d6\u591a\u6b21\u3002\u8bf7\u4ee5\u5217\u8868\u5f62\u5f0f\u8fd4\u56de\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ec4\u5408\uff0c\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5e94\u5305\u542b\u91cd\u590d\u7ec4\u5408\u3002

    \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8f93\u5165\u96c6\u5408 \\(\\{3, 4, 5\\}\\) \u548c\u76ee\u6807\u6574\u6570 \\(9\\) \uff0c\u89e3\u4e3a \\(\\{3, 3, 3\\}, \\{4, 5\\}\\) \u3002\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e24\u70b9\u3002

    • \u8f93\u5165\u96c6\u5408\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u65e0\u9650\u6b21\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u53d6\u3002
    • \u5b50\u96c6\u4e0d\u533a\u5206\u5143\u7d20\u987a\u5e8f\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982 \\(\\{4, 5\\}\\) \u548c \\(\\{5, 4\\}\\) \u662f\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u96c6\u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_backtracking/subset_sum_problem/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u53c2\u8003\u5168\u6392\u5217\u89e3\u6cd5","text":"

    \u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u5168\u6392\u5217\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u5b50\u96c6\u7684\u751f\u6210\u8fc7\u7a0b\u60f3\u8c61\u6210\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u9009\u62e9\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5b9e\u65f6\u66f4\u65b0\u201c\u5143\u7d20\u548c\u201d\uff0c\u5f53\u5143\u7d20\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e target \u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u5c06\u5b50\u96c6\u8bb0\u5f55\u81f3\u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868\u3002

    \u800c\u4e0e\u5168\u6392\u5217\u95ee\u9898\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u672c\u9898\u96c6\u5408\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u65e0\u9650\u6b21\u9009\u53d6\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u65e0\u987b\u501f\u52a9 selected \u5e03\u5c14\u5217\u8868\u6765\u8bb0\u5f55\u5143\u7d20\u662f\u5426\u5df2\u88ab\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u5168\u6392\u5217\u4ee3\u7801\u8fdb\u884c\u5c0f\u5e45\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u521d\u6b65\u5f97\u5230\u89e3\u9898\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig subset_sum_i_naive.py
    def backtrack(\n    state: list[int],\n    target: int,\n    total: int,\n    choices: list[int],\n    res: list[list[int]],\n):\n    \"\"\"\u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I\"\"\"\n    # \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n    if total == target:\n        res.append(list(state))\n        return\n    # \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    for i in range(len(choices)):\n        # \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u82e5\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u8d85\u8fc7 target \uff0c\u5219\u8df3\u8fc7\u8be5\u9009\u62e9\n        if total + choices[i] > target:\n            continue\n        # \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u548c total\n        state.append(choices[i])\n        # \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\n        backtrack(state, target, total + choices[i], choices, res)\n        # \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n        state.pop()\n\ndef subset_sum_i_naive(nums: list[int], target: int) -> list[list[int]]:\n    \"\"\"\u6c42\u89e3\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I\uff08\u5305\u542b\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\uff09\"\"\"\n    state = []  # \u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\uff09\n    total = 0  # \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\n    res = []  # \u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\u5217\u8868\uff09\n    backtrack(state, target, total, nums, res)\n    return res\n
    subset_sum_i_naive.cpp
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I */\nvoid backtrack(vector<int> &state, int target, int total, vector<int> &choices, vector<vector<int>> &res) {\n    // \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n    if (total == target) {\n        res.push_back(state);\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    for (size_t i = 0; i < choices.size(); i++) {\n        // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u82e5\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u8d85\u8fc7 target \uff0c\u5219\u8df3\u8fc7\u8be5\u9009\u62e9\n        if (total + choices[i] > target) {\n            continue;\n        }\n        // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u548c total\n        state.push_back(choices[i]);\n        // \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\n        backtrack(state, target, total + choices[i], choices, res);\n        // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n        state.pop_back();\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I\uff08\u5305\u542b\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\uff09 */\nvector<vector<int>> subsetSumINaive(vector<int> &nums, int target) {\n    vector<int> state;       // \u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\uff09\n    int total = 0;           // \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\n    vector<vector<int>> res; // \u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\u5217\u8868\uff09\n    backtrack(state, target, total, nums, res);\n    return res;\n}\n
    subset_sum_i_naive.java
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I */\nvoid backtrack(List<Integer> state, int target, int total, int[] choices, List<List<Integer>> res) {\n    // \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n    if (total == target) {\n        res.add(new ArrayList<>(state));\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    for (int i = 0; i < choices.length; i++) {\n        // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u82e5\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u8d85\u8fc7 target \uff0c\u5219\u8df3\u8fc7\u8be5\u9009\u62e9\n        if (total + choices[i] > target) {\n            continue;\n        }\n        // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u548c total\n        state.add(choices[i]);\n        // \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\n        backtrack(state, target, total + choices[i], choices, res);\n        // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n        state.remove(state.size() - 1);\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I\uff08\u5305\u542b\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\uff09 */\nList<List<Integer>> subsetSumINaive(int[] nums, int target) {\n    List<Integer> state = new ArrayList<>(); // \u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\uff09\n    int total = 0; // \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\n    List<List<Integer>> res = new ArrayList<>(); // \u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\u5217\u8868\uff09\n    backtrack(state, target, total, nums, res);\n    return res;\n}\n
    subset_sum_i_naive.cs
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I */\nvoid Backtrack(List<int> state, int target, int total, int[] choices, List<List<int>> res) {\n    // \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n    if (total == target) {\n        res.Add(new List<int>(state));\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    for (int i = 0; i < choices.Length; i++) {\n        // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u82e5\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u8d85\u8fc7 target \uff0c\u5219\u8df3\u8fc7\u8be5\u9009\u62e9\n        if (total + choices[i] > target) {\n            continue;\n        }\n        // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u548c total\n        state.Add(choices[i]);\n        // \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\n        Backtrack(state, target, total + choices[i], choices, res);\n        // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n        state.RemoveAt(state.Count - 1);\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I\uff08\u5305\u542b\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\uff09 */\nList<List<int>> SubsetSumINaive(int[] nums, int target) {\n    List<int> state = []; // \u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\uff09\n    int total = 0; // \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\n    List<List<int>> res = []; // \u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\u5217\u8868\uff09\n    Backtrack(state, target, total, nums, res);\n    return res;\n}\n
    subset_sum_i_naive.go
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I */\nfunc backtrackSubsetSumINaive(total, target int, state, choices *[]int, res *[][]int) {\n    // \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n    if target == total {\n        newState := append([]int{}, *state...)\n        *res = append(*res, newState)\n        return\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    for i := 0; i < len(*choices); i++ {\n        // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u82e5\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u8d85\u8fc7 target \uff0c\u5219\u8df3\u8fc7\u8be5\u9009\u62e9\n        if total+(*choices)[i] > target {\n            continue\n        }\n        // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u548c total\n        *state = append(*state, (*choices)[i])\n        // \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\n        backtrackSubsetSumINaive(total+(*choices)[i], target, state, choices, res)\n        // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n        *state = (*state)[:len(*state)-1]\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I\uff08\u5305\u542b\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\uff09 */\nfunc subsetSumINaive(nums []int, target int) [][]int {\n    state := make([]int, 0) // \u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\uff09\n    total := 0              // \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\n    res := make([][]int, 0) // \u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\u5217\u8868\uff09\n    backtrackSubsetSumINaive(total, target, &state, &nums, &res)\n    return res\n}\n
    subset_sum_i_naive.swift
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I */\nfunc backtrack(state: inout [Int], target: Int, total: Int, choices: [Int], res: inout [[Int]]) {\n    // \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n    if total == target {\n        res.append(state)\n        return\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    for i in stride(from: 0, to: choices.count, by: 1) {\n        // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u82e5\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u8d85\u8fc7 target \uff0c\u5219\u8df3\u8fc7\u8be5\u9009\u62e9\n        if total + choices[i] > target {\n            continue\n        }\n        // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u548c total\n        state.append(choices[i])\n        // \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\n        backtrack(state: &state, target: target, total: total + choices[i], choices: choices, res: &res)\n        // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n        state.removeLast()\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I\uff08\u5305\u542b\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\uff09 */\nfunc subsetSumINaive(nums: [Int], target: Int) -> [[Int]] {\n    var state: [Int] = [] // \u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\uff09\n    let total = 0 // \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\n    var res: [[Int]] = [] // \u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\u5217\u8868\uff09\n    backtrack(state: &state, target: target, total: total, choices: nums, res: &res)\n    return res\n}\n
    subset_sum_i_naive.js
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I */\nfunction backtrack(state, target, total, choices, res) {\n    // \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n    if (total === target) {\n        res.push([...state]);\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    for (let i = 0; i < choices.length; i++) {\n        // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u82e5\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u8d85\u8fc7 target \uff0c\u5219\u8df3\u8fc7\u8be5\u9009\u62e9\n        if (total + choices[i] > target) {\n            continue;\n        }\n        // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u548c total\n        state.push(choices[i]);\n        // \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\n        backtrack(state, target, total + choices[i], choices, res);\n        // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n        state.pop();\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I\uff08\u5305\u542b\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\uff09 */\nfunction subsetSumINaive(nums, target) {\n    const state = []; // \u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\uff09\n    const total = 0; // \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\n    const res = []; // \u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\u5217\u8868\uff09\n    backtrack(state, target, total, nums, res);\n    return res;\n}\n
    subset_sum_i_naive.ts
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I */\nfunction backtrack(\n    state: number[],\n    target: number,\n    total: number,\n    choices: number[],\n    res: number[][]\n): void {\n    // \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n    if (total === target) {\n        res.push([...state]);\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    for (let i = 0; i < choices.length; i++) {\n        // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u82e5\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u8d85\u8fc7 target \uff0c\u5219\u8df3\u8fc7\u8be5\u9009\u62e9\n        if (total + choices[i] > target) {\n            continue;\n        }\n        // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u548c total\n        state.push(choices[i]);\n        // \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\n        backtrack(state, target, total + choices[i], choices, res);\n        // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n        state.pop();\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I\uff08\u5305\u542b\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\uff09 */\nfunction subsetSumINaive(nums: number[], target: number): number[][] {\n    const state = []; // \u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\uff09\n    const total = 0; // \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\n    const res = []; // \u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\u5217\u8868\uff09\n    backtrack(state, target, total, nums, res);\n    return res;\n}\n
    subset_sum_i_naive.dart
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I */\nvoid backtrack(\n  List<int> state,\n  int target,\n  int total,\n  List<int> choices,\n  List<List<int>> res,\n) {\n  // \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n  if (total == target) {\n    res.add(List.from(state));\n    return;\n  }\n  // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n  for (int i = 0; i < choices.length; i++) {\n    // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u82e5\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u8d85\u8fc7 target \uff0c\u5219\u8df3\u8fc7\u8be5\u9009\u62e9\n    if (total + choices[i] > target) {\n      continue;\n    }\n    // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u548c total\n    state.add(choices[i]);\n    // \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\n    backtrack(state, target, total + choices[i], choices, res);\n    // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n    state.removeLast();\n  }\n}\n\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I\uff08\u5305\u542b\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\uff09 */\nList<List<int>> subsetSumINaive(List<int> nums, int target) {\n  List<int> state = []; // \u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\uff09\n  int total = 0; // \u5143\u7d20\u548c\n  List<List<int>> res = []; // \u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\u5217\u8868\uff09\n  backtrack(state, target, total, nums, res);\n  return res;\n}\n
    subset_sum_i_naive.rs
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I */\nfn backtrack(mut state: Vec<i32>, target: i32, total: i32, choices: &[i32], res: &mut Vec<Vec<i32>>) {\n    // \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n    if total == target {\n        res.push(state);\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    for i in 0..choices.len() {\n        // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u82e5\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u8d85\u8fc7 target \uff0c\u5219\u8df3\u8fc7\u8be5\u9009\u62e9\n        if total + choices[i] > target {\n            continue;\n        }\n        // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u548c total\n        state.push(choices[i]);\n        // \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\n        backtrack(state.clone(), target, total + choices[i], choices, res);\n        // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n        state.pop();\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I\uff08\u5305\u542b\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\uff09 */\nfn subset_sum_i_naive(nums: &[i32], target: i32) -> Vec<Vec<i32>> {\n    let state = Vec::new(); // \u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\uff09\n    let total = 0; // \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\n    let mut res = Vec::new(); // \u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\u5217\u8868\uff09\n    backtrack(state, target, total, nums, &mut res);\n    res\n}\n
    subset_sum_i_naive.c
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I */\nvoid backtrack(int target, int total, int *choices, int choicesSize) {\n    // \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n    if (total == target) {\n        for (int i = 0; i < stateSize; i++) {\n            res[resSize][i] = state[i];\n        }\n        resColSizes[resSize++] = stateSize;\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    for (int i = 0; i < choicesSize; i++) {\n        // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u82e5\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u8d85\u8fc7 target \uff0c\u5219\u8df3\u8fc7\u8be5\u9009\u62e9\n        if (total + choices[i] > target) {\n            continue;\n        }\n        // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u548c total\n        state[stateSize++] = choices[i];\n        // \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\n        backtrack(target, total + choices[i], choices, choicesSize);\n        // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n        stateSize--;\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I\uff08\u5305\u542b\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\uff09 */\nvoid subsetSumINaive(int *nums, int numsSize, int target) {\n    resSize = 0; // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u89e3\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u4e3a0\n    backtrack(target, 0, nums, numsSize);\n}\n
    subset_sum_i_naive.zig
    [class]{}-[func]{backtrack}\n\n[class]{}-[func]{subsetSumINaive}\n

    \u5411\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4ee3\u7801\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u7ec4 \\([3, 4, 5]\\) \u548c\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20 \\(9\\) \uff0c\u8f93\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c\u4e3a \\([3, 3, 3], [4, 5], [5, 4]\\) \u3002\u867d\u7136\u6210\u529f\u627e\u51fa\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u548c\u4e3a \\(9\\) \u7684\u5b50\u96c6\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u5b50\u96c6 \\([4, 5]\\) \u548c \\([5, 4]\\) \u3002

    \u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u641c\u7d22\u8fc7\u7a0b\u662f\u533a\u5206\u9009\u62e9\u987a\u5e8f\u7684\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u5b50\u96c6\u4e0d\u533a\u5206\u9009\u62e9\u987a\u5e8f\u3002\u5982\u56fe 13-10 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5148\u9009 \\(4\\) \u540e\u9009 \\(5\\) \u4e0e\u5148\u9009 \\(5\\) \u540e\u9009 \\(4\\) \u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5206\u652f\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u5e94\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u96c6\u3002

    \u56fe 13-10 \u00a0 \u5b50\u96c6\u641c\u7d22\u4e0e\u8d8a\u754c\u526a\u679d

    \u4e3a\u4e86\u53bb\u9664\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u601d\u8def\u662f\u5bf9\u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868\u8fdb\u884c\u53bb\u91cd\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u6548\u7387\u5f88\u4f4e\uff0c\u6709\u4e24\u65b9\u9762\u539f\u56e0\u3002

    • \u5f53\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u8f83\u591a\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5f53 target \u8f83\u5927\u65f6\uff0c\u641c\u7d22\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\u3002
    • \u6bd4\u8f83\u5b50\u96c6\uff08\u6570\u7ec4\uff09\u7684\u5f02\u540c\u975e\u5e38\u8017\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5148\u6392\u5e8f\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u518d\u6bd4\u8f83\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u5f02\u540c\u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_backtracking/subset_sum_problem/#2","title":"2. \u00a0 \u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\u526a\u679d","text":"

    \u6211\u4eec\u8003\u8651\u5728\u641c\u7d22\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u901a\u8fc7\u526a\u679d\u8fdb\u884c\u53bb\u91cd\u3002\u89c2\u5bdf\u56fe 13-11 \uff0c\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\u662f\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0d\u540c\u987a\u5e8f\u9009\u62e9\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u65f6\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4ee5\u4e0b\u60c5\u51b5\u3002

    1. \u5f53\u7b2c\u4e00\u8f6e\u548c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8f6e\u5206\u522b\u9009\u62e9 \\(3\\) \u548c \\(4\\) \u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u751f\u6210\u5305\u542b\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5b50\u96c6\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a \\([3, 4, \\dots]\\) \u3002
    2. \u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5f53\u7b2c\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9 \\(4\\) \u65f6\uff0c\u5219\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8f6e\u5e94\u8be5\u8df3\u8fc7 \\(3\\) \uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8be5\u9009\u62e9\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u5b50\u96c6 \\([4, 3, \\dots]\\) \u548c\u7b2c 1. \u6b65\u4e2d\u751f\u6210\u7684\u5b50\u96c6\u5b8c\u5168\u91cd\u590d\u3002

    \u5728\u641c\u7d22\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u5c42\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u90fd\u662f\u4ece\u5de6\u5230\u53f3\u88ab\u9010\u4e2a\u5c1d\u8bd5\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8d8a\u9760\u53f3\u7684\u5206\u652f\u88ab\u526a\u6389\u7684\u8d8a\u591a\u3002

    1. \u524d\u4e24\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9 \\(3\\) \u548c \\(5\\) \uff0c\u751f\u6210\u5b50\u96c6 \\([3, 5, \\dots]\\) \u3002
    2. \u524d\u4e24\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9 \\(4\\) \u548c \\(5\\) \uff0c\u751f\u6210\u5b50\u96c6 \\([4, 5, \\dots]\\) \u3002
    3. \u82e5\u7b2c\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9 \\(5\\) \uff0c\u5219\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8f6e\u5e94\u8be5\u8df3\u8fc7 \\(3\\) \u548c \\(4\\) \uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b50\u96c6 \\([5, 3, \\dots]\\) \u548c \\([5, 4, \\dots]\\) \u4e0e\u7b2c 1. \u6b65\u548c\u7b2c 2. \u6b65\u4e2d\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u5b50\u96c6\u5b8c\u5168\u91cd\u590d\u3002

    \u56fe 13-11 \u00a0 \u4e0d\u540c\u9009\u62e9\u987a\u5e8f\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6

    \u603b\u7ed3\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u7ed9\u5b9a\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u7ec4 \\([x_1, x_2, \\dots, x_n]\\) \uff0c\u8bbe\u641c\u7d22\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u5e8f\u5217\u4e3a \\([x_{i_1}, x_{i_2}, \\dots, x_{i_m}]\\) \uff0c\u5219\u8be5\u9009\u62e9\u5e8f\u5217\u9700\u8981\u6ee1\u8db3 \\(i_1 \\leq i_2 \\leq \\dots \\leq i_m\\) \uff0c\u4e0d\u6ee1\u8db3\u8be5\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u5e8f\u5217\u90fd\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u91cd\u590d\uff0c\u5e94\u5f53\u526a\u679d\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_backtracking/subset_sum_problem/#3","title":"3. \u00a0 \u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0","text":"

    \u4e3a\u5b9e\u73b0\u8be5\u526a\u679d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53d8\u91cf start \uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6307\u793a\u904d\u5386\u8d77\u59cb\u70b9\u3002\u5f53\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9 \\(x_{i}\\) \u540e\uff0c\u8bbe\u5b9a\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u4ece\u7d22\u5f15 \\(i\\) \u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u9009\u62e9\u5e8f\u5217\u6ee1\u8db3 \\(i_1 \\leq i_2 \\leq \\dots \\leq i_m\\) \uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5b50\u96c6\u552f\u4e00\u3002

    \u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u5bf9\u4ee3\u7801\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e24\u9879\u4f18\u5316\u3002

    • \u5728\u5f00\u542f\u641c\u7d22\u524d\uff0c\u5148\u5c06\u6570\u7ec4 nums \u6392\u5e8f\u3002\u5728\u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\u65f6\uff0c\u5f53\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u8d85\u8fc7 target \u65f6\u76f4\u63a5\u7ed3\u675f\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u540e\u8fb9\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u66f4\u5927\uff0c\u5176\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8d85\u8fc7 target \u3002
    • \u7701\u53bb\u5143\u7d20\u548c\u53d8\u91cf total \uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5728 target \u4e0a\u6267\u884c\u51cf\u6cd5\u6765\u7edf\u8ba1\u5143\u7d20\u548c\uff0c\u5f53 target \u7b49\u4e8e \\(0\\) \u65f6\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\u3002
    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig subset_sum_i.py
    def backtrack(\n    state: list[int], target: int, choices: list[int], start: int, res: list[list[int]]\n):\n    \"\"\"\u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I\"\"\"\n    # \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n    if target == 0:\n        res.append(list(state))\n        return\n    # \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    # \u526a\u679d\u4e8c\uff1a\u4ece start \u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u751f\u6210\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\n    for i in range(start, len(choices)):\n        # \u526a\u679d\u4e00\uff1a\u82e5\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u8d85\u8fc7 target \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u7ed3\u675f\u5faa\u73af\n        # \u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u540e\u8fb9\u5143\u7d20\u66f4\u5927\uff0c\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8d85\u8fc7 target\n        if target - choices[i] < 0:\n            break\n        # \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0 target, start\n        state.append(choices[i])\n        # \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\n        backtrack(state, target - choices[i], choices, i, res)\n        # \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n        state.pop()\n\ndef subset_sum_i(nums: list[int], target: int) -> list[list[int]]:\n    \"\"\"\u6c42\u89e3\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I\"\"\"\n    state = []  # \u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\uff09\n    nums.sort()  # \u5bf9 nums \u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\n    start = 0  # \u904d\u5386\u8d77\u59cb\u70b9\n    res = []  # \u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\u5217\u8868\uff09\n    backtrack(state, target, nums, start, res)\n    return res\n
    subset_sum_i.cpp
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I */\nvoid backtrack(vector<int> &state, int target, vector<int> &choices, int start, vector<vector<int>> &res) {\n    // \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n    if (target == 0) {\n        res.push_back(state);\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    // \u526a\u679d\u4e8c\uff1a\u4ece start \u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u751f\u6210\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\n    for (int i = start; i < choices.size(); i++) {\n        // \u526a\u679d\u4e00\uff1a\u82e5\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u8d85\u8fc7 target \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u7ed3\u675f\u5faa\u73af\n        // \u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u540e\u8fb9\u5143\u7d20\u66f4\u5927\uff0c\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8d85\u8fc7 target\n        if (target - choices[i] < 0) {\n            break;\n        }\n        // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0 target, start\n        state.push_back(choices[i]);\n        // \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\n        backtrack(state, target - choices[i], choices, i, res);\n        // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n        state.pop_back();\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I */\nvector<vector<int>> subsetSumI(vector<int> &nums, int target) {\n    vector<int> state;              // \u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\uff09\n    sort(nums.begin(), nums.end()); // \u5bf9 nums \u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\n    int start = 0;                  // \u904d\u5386\u8d77\u59cb\u70b9\n    vector<vector<int>> res;        // \u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\u5217\u8868\uff09\n    backtrack(state, target, nums, start, res);\n    return res;\n}\n
    subset_sum_i.java
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I */\nvoid backtrack(List<Integer> state, int target, int[] choices, int start, List<List<Integer>> res) {\n    // \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n    if (target == 0) {\n        res.add(new ArrayList<>(state));\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    // \u526a\u679d\u4e8c\uff1a\u4ece start \u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u751f\u6210\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\n    for (int i = start; i < choices.length; i++) {\n        // \u526a\u679d\u4e00\uff1a\u82e5\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u8d85\u8fc7 target \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u7ed3\u675f\u5faa\u73af\n        // \u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u540e\u8fb9\u5143\u7d20\u66f4\u5927\uff0c\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8d85\u8fc7 target\n        if (target - choices[i] < 0) {\n            break;\n        }\n        // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0 target, start\n        state.add(choices[i]);\n        // \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\n        backtrack(state, target - choices[i], choices, i, res);\n        // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n        state.remove(state.size() - 1);\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I */\nList<List<Integer>> subsetSumI(int[] nums, int target) {\n    List<Integer> state = new ArrayList<>(); // \u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\uff09\n    Arrays.sort(nums); // \u5bf9 nums \u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\n    int start = 0; // \u904d\u5386\u8d77\u59cb\u70b9\n    List<List<Integer>> res = new ArrayList<>(); // \u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\u5217\u8868\uff09\n    backtrack(state, target, nums, start, res);\n    return res;\n}\n
    subset_sum_i.cs
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I */\nvoid Backtrack(List<int> state, int target, int[] choices, int start, List<List<int>> res) {\n    // \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n    if (target == 0) {\n        res.Add(new List<int>(state));\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    // \u526a\u679d\u4e8c\uff1a\u4ece start \u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u751f\u6210\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\n    for (int i = start; i < choices.Length; i++) {\n        // \u526a\u679d\u4e00\uff1a\u82e5\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u8d85\u8fc7 target \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u7ed3\u675f\u5faa\u73af\n        // \u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u540e\u8fb9\u5143\u7d20\u66f4\u5927\uff0c\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8d85\u8fc7 target\n        if (target - choices[i] < 0) {\n            break;\n        }\n        // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0 target, start\n        state.Add(choices[i]);\n        // \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\n        Backtrack(state, target - choices[i], choices, i, res);\n        // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n        state.RemoveAt(state.Count - 1);\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I */\nList<List<int>> SubsetSumI(int[] nums, int target) {\n    List<int> state = []; // \u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\uff09\n    Array.Sort(nums); // \u5bf9 nums \u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\n    int start = 0; // \u904d\u5386\u8d77\u59cb\u70b9\n    List<List<int>> res = []; // \u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\u5217\u8868\uff09\n    Backtrack(state, target, nums, start, res);\n    return res;\n}\n
    subset_sum_i.go
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I */\nfunc backtrackSubsetSumI(start, target int, state, choices *[]int, res *[][]int) {\n    // \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n    if target == 0 {\n        newState := append([]int{}, *state...)\n        *res = append(*res, newState)\n        return\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    // \u526a\u679d\u4e8c\uff1a\u4ece start \u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u751f\u6210\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\n    for i := start; i < len(*choices); i++ {\n        // \u526a\u679d\u4e00\uff1a\u82e5\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u8d85\u8fc7 target \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u7ed3\u675f\u5faa\u73af\n        // \u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u540e\u8fb9\u5143\u7d20\u66f4\u5927\uff0c\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8d85\u8fc7 target\n        if target-(*choices)[i] < 0 {\n            break\n        }\n        // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0 target, start\n        *state = append(*state, (*choices)[i])\n        // \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\n        backtrackSubsetSumI(i, target-(*choices)[i], state, choices, res)\n        // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n        *state = (*state)[:len(*state)-1]\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I */\nfunc subsetSumI(nums []int, target int) [][]int {\n    state := make([]int, 0) // \u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\uff09\n    sort.Ints(nums)         // \u5bf9 nums \u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\n    start := 0              // \u904d\u5386\u8d77\u59cb\u70b9\n    res := make([][]int, 0) // \u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\u5217\u8868\uff09\n    backtrackSubsetSumI(start, target, &state, &nums, &res)\n    return res\n}\n
    subset_sum_i.swift
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I */\nfunc backtrack(state: inout [Int], target: Int, choices: [Int], start: Int, res: inout [[Int]]) {\n    // \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n    if target == 0 {\n        res.append(state)\n        return\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    // \u526a\u679d\u4e8c\uff1a\u4ece start \u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u751f\u6210\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\n    for i in stride(from: start, to: choices.count, by: 1) {\n        // \u526a\u679d\u4e00\uff1a\u82e5\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u8d85\u8fc7 target \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u7ed3\u675f\u5faa\u73af\n        // \u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u540e\u8fb9\u5143\u7d20\u66f4\u5927\uff0c\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8d85\u8fc7 target\n        if target - choices[i] < 0 {\n            break\n        }\n        // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0 target, start\n        state.append(choices[i])\n        // \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\n        backtrack(state: &state, target: target - choices[i], choices: choices, start: i, res: &res)\n        // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n        state.removeLast()\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I */\nfunc subsetSumI(nums: [Int], target: Int) -> [[Int]] {\n    var state: [Int] = [] // \u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\uff09\n    let nums = nums.sorted() // \u5bf9 nums \u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\n    let start = 0 // \u904d\u5386\u8d77\u59cb\u70b9\n    var res: [[Int]] = [] // \u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\u5217\u8868\uff09\n    backtrack(state: &state, target: target, choices: nums, start: start, res: &res)\n    return res\n}\n
    subset_sum_i.js
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I */\nfunction backtrack(state, target, choices, start, res) {\n    // \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n    if (target === 0) {\n        res.push([...state]);\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    // \u526a\u679d\u4e8c\uff1a\u4ece start \u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u751f\u6210\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\n    for (let i = start; i < choices.length; i++) {\n        // \u526a\u679d\u4e00\uff1a\u82e5\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u8d85\u8fc7 target \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u7ed3\u675f\u5faa\u73af\n        // \u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u540e\u8fb9\u5143\u7d20\u66f4\u5927\uff0c\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8d85\u8fc7 target\n        if (target - choices[i] < 0) {\n            break;\n        }\n        // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0 target, start\n        state.push(choices[i]);\n        // \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\n        backtrack(state, target - choices[i], choices, i, res);\n        // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n        state.pop();\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I */\nfunction subsetSumI(nums, target) {\n    const state = []; // \u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\uff09\n    nums.sort((a, b) => a - b); // \u5bf9 nums \u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\n    const start = 0; // \u904d\u5386\u8d77\u59cb\u70b9\n    const res = []; // \u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\u5217\u8868\uff09\n    backtrack(state, target, nums, start, res);\n    return res;\n}\n
    subset_sum_i.ts
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I */\nfunction backtrack(\n    state: number[],\n    target: number,\n    choices: number[],\n    start: number,\n    res: number[][]\n): void {\n    // \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n    if (target === 0) {\n        res.push([...state]);\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    // \u526a\u679d\u4e8c\uff1a\u4ece start \u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u751f\u6210\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\n    for (let i = start; i < choices.length; i++) {\n        // \u526a\u679d\u4e00\uff1a\u82e5\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u8d85\u8fc7 target \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u7ed3\u675f\u5faa\u73af\n        // \u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u540e\u8fb9\u5143\u7d20\u66f4\u5927\uff0c\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8d85\u8fc7 target\n        if (target - choices[i] < 0) {\n            break;\n        }\n        // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0 target, start\n        state.push(choices[i]);\n        // \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\n        backtrack(state, target - choices[i], choices, i, res);\n        // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n        state.pop();\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I */\nfunction subsetSumI(nums: number[], target: number): number[][] {\n    const state = []; // \u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\uff09\n    nums.sort((a, b) => a - b); // \u5bf9 nums \u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\n    const start = 0; // \u904d\u5386\u8d77\u59cb\u70b9\n    const res = []; // \u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\u5217\u8868\uff09\n    backtrack(state, target, nums, start, res);\n    return res;\n}\n
    subset_sum_i.dart
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I */\nvoid backtrack(\n  List<int> state,\n  int target,\n  List<int> choices,\n  int start,\n  List<List<int>> res,\n) {\n  // \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n  if (target == 0) {\n    res.add(List.from(state));\n    return;\n  }\n  // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n  // \u526a\u679d\u4e8c\uff1a\u4ece start \u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u751f\u6210\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\n  for (int i = start; i < choices.length; i++) {\n    // \u526a\u679d\u4e00\uff1a\u82e5\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u8d85\u8fc7 target \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u7ed3\u675f\u5faa\u73af\n    // \u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u540e\u8fb9\u5143\u7d20\u66f4\u5927\uff0c\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8d85\u8fc7 target\n    if (target - choices[i] < 0) {\n      break;\n    }\n    // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0 target, start\n    state.add(choices[i]);\n    // \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\n    backtrack(state, target - choices[i], choices, i, res);\n    // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n    state.removeLast();\n  }\n}\n\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I */\nList<List<int>> subsetSumI(List<int> nums, int target) {\n  List<int> state = []; // \u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\uff09\n  nums.sort(); // \u5bf9 nums \u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\n  int start = 0; // \u904d\u5386\u8d77\u59cb\u70b9\n  List<List<int>> res = []; // \u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\u5217\u8868\uff09\n  backtrack(state, target, nums, start, res);\n  return res;\n}\n
    subset_sum_i.rs
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I */\nfn backtrack(mut state: Vec<i32>, target: i32, choices: &[i32], start: usize, res: &mut Vec<Vec<i32>>) {\n    // \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n    if target == 0 {\n        res.push(state);\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    // \u526a\u679d\u4e8c\uff1a\u4ece start \u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u751f\u6210\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\n    for i in start..choices.len() {\n        // \u526a\u679d\u4e00\uff1a\u82e5\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u8d85\u8fc7 target \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u7ed3\u675f\u5faa\u73af\n        // \u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u540e\u8fb9\u5143\u7d20\u66f4\u5927\uff0c\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8d85\u8fc7 target\n        if target - choices[i] < 0 {\n            break;\n        }\n        // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0 target, start\n        state.push(choices[i]);\n        // \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\n        backtrack(state.clone(), target - choices[i], choices, i, res);\n        // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n        state.pop();\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I */\nfn subset_sum_i(nums: &mut [i32], target: i32) -> Vec<Vec<i32>> {\n    let state = Vec::new(); // \u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\uff09\n    nums.sort(); // \u5bf9 nums \u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\n    let start = 0; // \u904d\u5386\u8d77\u59cb\u70b9\n    let mut res = Vec::new(); // \u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\u5217\u8868\uff09\n    backtrack(state, target, nums, start, &mut res);\n    res\n}\n
    subset_sum_i.c
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I */\nvoid backtrack(int target, int *choices, int choicesSize, int start) {\n    // \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n    if (target == 0) {\n        for (int i = 0; i < stateSize; ++i) {\n            res[resSize][i] = state[i];\n        }\n        resColSizes[resSize++] = stateSize;\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    // \u526a\u679d\u4e8c\uff1a\u4ece start \u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u751f\u6210\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\n    for (int i = start; i < choicesSize; i++) {\n        // \u526a\u679d\u4e00\uff1a\u82e5\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u8d85\u8fc7 target \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u7ed3\u675f\u5faa\u73af\n        // \u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u540e\u8fb9\u5143\u7d20\u66f4\u5927\uff0c\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8d85\u8fc7 target\n        if (target - choices[i] < 0) {\n            break;\n        }\n        // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0 target, start\n        state[stateSize] = choices[i];\n        stateSize++;\n        // \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\n        backtrack(target - choices[i], choices, choicesSize, i);\n        // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n        stateSize--;\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u5b50\u96c6\u548c I */\nvoid subsetSumI(int *nums, int numsSize, int target) {\n    qsort(nums, numsSize, sizeof(int), cmp); // \u5bf9 nums \u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\n    int start = 0;                           // \u904d\u5386\u8d77\u59cb\u70b9\n    backtrack(target, nums, numsSize, start);\n}\n
    subset_sum_i.zig
    [class]{}-[func]{backtrack}\n\n[class]{}-[func]{subsetSumI}\n

    \u56fe 13-12 \u6240\u793a\u4e3a\u5c06\u6570\u7ec4 \\([3, 4, 5]\\) \u548c\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20 \\(9\\) \u8f93\u5165\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4ee3\u7801\u540e\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u56de\u6eaf\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002

    \u56fe 13-12 \u00a0 \u5b50\u96c6\u548c I \u56de\u6eaf\u8fc7\u7a0b

    "},{"location":"chapter_backtracking/subset_sum_problem/#1332","title":"13.3.2 \u00a0 \u8003\u8651\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u60c5\u51b5","text":"

    Question

    \u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b63\u6574\u6570\u6570\u7ec4 nums \u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u6b63\u6574\u6570 target \uff0c\u8bf7\u627e\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u7ec4\u5408\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e target \u3002\u7ed9\u5b9a\u6570\u7ec4\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u542b\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u53ea\u53ef\u88ab\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u6b21\u3002\u8bf7\u4ee5\u5217\u8868\u5f62\u5f0f\u8fd4\u56de\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ec4\u5408\uff0c\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5e94\u5305\u542b\u91cd\u590d\u7ec4\u5408\u3002

    \u76f8\u6bd4\u4e8e\u4e0a\u9898\uff0c\u672c\u9898\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u7ec4\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u542b\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd9\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7ed9\u5b9a\u6570\u7ec4 \\([4, \\hat{4}, 5]\\) \u548c\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20 \\(9\\) \uff0c\u5219\u73b0\u6709\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c\u4e3a \\([4, 5], [\\hat{4}, 5]\\) \uff0c\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\u3002

    \u9020\u6210\u8fd9\u79cd\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\u5728\u67d0\u8f6e\u4e2d\u88ab\u591a\u6b21\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u5728\u56fe 13-13 \u4e2d\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u8f6e\u5171\u6709\u4e09\u4e2a\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e24\u4e2a\u90fd\u4e3a \\(4\\) \uff0c\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u4e24\u4e2a\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u641c\u7d22\u5206\u652f\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u8f93\u51fa\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\uff1b\u540c\u7406\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8f6e\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a \\(4\\) \u4e5f\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\u3002

    \u56fe 13-13 \u00a0 \u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6

    "},{"location":"chapter_backtracking/subset_sum_problem/#1_1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\u526a\u679d","text":"

    \u4e3a\u89e3\u51b3\u6b64\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u9650\u5236\u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\u5728\u6bcf\u4e00\u8f6e\u4e2d\u53ea\u80fd\u88ab\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u6b21\u3002\u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u5f0f\u6bd4\u8f83\u5de7\u5999\uff1a\u7531\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u662f\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u662f\u76f8\u90bb\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5728\u67d0\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\u4e2d\uff0c\u82e5\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5176\u5de6\u8fb9\u5143\u7d20\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u5219\u8bf4\u660e\u5b83\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u9009\u62e9\u8fc7\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u3002

    \u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u672c\u9898\u89c4\u5b9a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u53ea\u80fd\u88ab\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u6b21\u3002\u5e78\u8fd0\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u53d8\u91cf start \u6765\u6ee1\u8db3\u8be5\u7ea6\u675f\uff1a\u5f53\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9 \\(x_{i}\\) \u540e\uff0c\u8bbe\u5b9a\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u4ece\u7d22\u5f15 \\(i + 1\\) \u5f00\u59cb\u5411\u540e\u904d\u5386\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u65e2\u80fd\u53bb\u9664\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\uff0c\u4e5f\u80fd\u907f\u514d\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u5143\u7d20\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_backtracking/subset_sum_problem/#2_1","title":"2. \u00a0 \u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0","text":"PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig subset_sum_ii.py
    def backtrack(\n    state: list[int], target: int, choices: list[int], start: int, res: list[list[int]]\n):\n    \"\"\"\u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5b50\u96c6\u548c II\"\"\"\n    # \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n    if target == 0:\n        res.append(list(state))\n        return\n    # \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    # \u526a\u679d\u4e8c\uff1a\u4ece start \u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u751f\u6210\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\n    # \u526a\u679d\u4e09\uff1a\u4ece start \u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u540c\u4e00\u5143\u7d20\n    for i in range(start, len(choices)):\n        # \u526a\u679d\u4e00\uff1a\u82e5\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u8d85\u8fc7 target \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u7ed3\u675f\u5faa\u73af\n        # \u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u540e\u8fb9\u5143\u7d20\u66f4\u5927\uff0c\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8d85\u8fc7 target\n        if target - choices[i] < 0:\n            break\n        # \u526a\u679d\u56db\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5de6\u8fb9\u5143\u7d20\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u8be5\u641c\u7d22\u5206\u652f\u91cd\u590d\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7\n        if i > start and choices[i] == choices[i - 1]:\n            continue\n        # \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0 target, start\n        state.append(choices[i])\n        # \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\n        backtrack(state, target - choices[i], choices, i + 1, res)\n        # \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n        state.pop()\n\ndef subset_sum_ii(nums: list[int], target: int) -> list[list[int]]:\n    \"\"\"\u6c42\u89e3\u5b50\u96c6\u548c II\"\"\"\n    state = []  # \u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\uff09\n    nums.sort()  # \u5bf9 nums \u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\n    start = 0  # \u904d\u5386\u8d77\u59cb\u70b9\n    res = []  # \u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\u5217\u8868\uff09\n    backtrack(state, target, nums, start, res)\n    return res\n
    subset_sum_ii.cpp
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5b50\u96c6\u548c II */\nvoid backtrack(vector<int> &state, int target, vector<int> &choices, int start, vector<vector<int>> &res) {\n    // \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n    if (target == 0) {\n        res.push_back(state);\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    // \u526a\u679d\u4e8c\uff1a\u4ece start \u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u751f\u6210\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\n    // \u526a\u679d\u4e09\uff1a\u4ece start \u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u540c\u4e00\u5143\u7d20\n    for (int i = start; i < choices.size(); i++) {\n        // \u526a\u679d\u4e00\uff1a\u82e5\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u8d85\u8fc7 target \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u7ed3\u675f\u5faa\u73af\n        // \u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u540e\u8fb9\u5143\u7d20\u66f4\u5927\uff0c\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8d85\u8fc7 target\n        if (target - choices[i] < 0) {\n            break;\n        }\n        // \u526a\u679d\u56db\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5de6\u8fb9\u5143\u7d20\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u8be5\u641c\u7d22\u5206\u652f\u91cd\u590d\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7\n        if (i > start && choices[i] == choices[i - 1]) {\n            continue;\n        }\n        // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0 target, start\n        state.push_back(choices[i]);\n        // \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\n        backtrack(state, target - choices[i], choices, i + 1, res);\n        // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n        state.pop_back();\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u5b50\u96c6\u548c II */\nvector<vector<int>> subsetSumII(vector<int> &nums, int target) {\n    vector<int> state;              // \u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\uff09\n    sort(nums.begin(), nums.end()); // \u5bf9 nums \u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\n    int start = 0;                  // \u904d\u5386\u8d77\u59cb\u70b9\n    vector<vector<int>> res;        // \u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\u5217\u8868\uff09\n    backtrack(state, target, nums, start, res);\n    return res;\n}\n
    subset_sum_ii.java
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5b50\u96c6\u548c II */\nvoid backtrack(List<Integer> state, int target, int[] choices, int start, List<List<Integer>> res) {\n    // \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n    if (target == 0) {\n        res.add(new ArrayList<>(state));\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    // \u526a\u679d\u4e8c\uff1a\u4ece start \u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u751f\u6210\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\n    // \u526a\u679d\u4e09\uff1a\u4ece start \u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u540c\u4e00\u5143\u7d20\n    for (int i = start; i < choices.length; i++) {\n        // \u526a\u679d\u4e00\uff1a\u82e5\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u8d85\u8fc7 target \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u7ed3\u675f\u5faa\u73af\n        // \u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u540e\u8fb9\u5143\u7d20\u66f4\u5927\uff0c\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8d85\u8fc7 target\n        if (target - choices[i] < 0) {\n            break;\n        }\n        // \u526a\u679d\u56db\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5de6\u8fb9\u5143\u7d20\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u8be5\u641c\u7d22\u5206\u652f\u91cd\u590d\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7\n        if (i > start && choices[i] == choices[i - 1]) {\n            continue;\n        }\n        // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0 target, start\n        state.add(choices[i]);\n        // \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\n        backtrack(state, target - choices[i], choices, i + 1, res);\n        // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n        state.remove(state.size() - 1);\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u5b50\u96c6\u548c II */\nList<List<Integer>> subsetSumII(int[] nums, int target) {\n    List<Integer> state = new ArrayList<>(); // \u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\uff09\n    Arrays.sort(nums); // \u5bf9 nums \u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\n    int start = 0; // \u904d\u5386\u8d77\u59cb\u70b9\n    List<List<Integer>> res = new ArrayList<>(); // \u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\u5217\u8868\uff09\n    backtrack(state, target, nums, start, res);\n    return res;\n}\n
    subset_sum_ii.cs
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5b50\u96c6\u548c II */\nvoid Backtrack(List<int> state, int target, int[] choices, int start, List<List<int>> res) {\n    // \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n    if (target == 0) {\n        res.Add(new List<int>(state));\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    // \u526a\u679d\u4e8c\uff1a\u4ece start \u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u751f\u6210\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\n    // \u526a\u679d\u4e09\uff1a\u4ece start \u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u540c\u4e00\u5143\u7d20\n    for (int i = start; i < choices.Length; i++) {\n        // \u526a\u679d\u4e00\uff1a\u82e5\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u8d85\u8fc7 target \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u7ed3\u675f\u5faa\u73af\n        // \u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u540e\u8fb9\u5143\u7d20\u66f4\u5927\uff0c\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8d85\u8fc7 target\n        if (target - choices[i] < 0) {\n            break;\n        }\n        // \u526a\u679d\u56db\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5de6\u8fb9\u5143\u7d20\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u8be5\u641c\u7d22\u5206\u652f\u91cd\u590d\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7\n        if (i > start && choices[i] == choices[i - 1]) {\n            continue;\n        }\n        // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0 target, start\n        state.Add(choices[i]);\n        // \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\n        Backtrack(state, target - choices[i], choices, i + 1, res);\n        // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n        state.RemoveAt(state.Count - 1);\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u5b50\u96c6\u548c II */\nList<List<int>> SubsetSumII(int[] nums, int target) {\n    List<int> state = []; // \u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\uff09\n    Array.Sort(nums); // \u5bf9 nums \u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\n    int start = 0; // \u904d\u5386\u8d77\u59cb\u70b9\n    List<List<int>> res = []; // \u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\u5217\u8868\uff09\n    Backtrack(state, target, nums, start, res);\n    return res;\n}\n
    subset_sum_ii.go
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5b50\u96c6\u548c II */\nfunc backtrackSubsetSumII(start, target int, state, choices *[]int, res *[][]int) {\n    // \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n    if target == 0 {\n        newState := append([]int{}, *state...)\n        *res = append(*res, newState)\n        return\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    // \u526a\u679d\u4e8c\uff1a\u4ece start \u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u751f\u6210\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\n    // \u526a\u679d\u4e09\uff1a\u4ece start \u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u540c\u4e00\u5143\u7d20\n    for i := start; i < len(*choices); i++ {\n        // \u526a\u679d\u4e00\uff1a\u82e5\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u8d85\u8fc7 target \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u7ed3\u675f\u5faa\u73af\n        // \u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u540e\u8fb9\u5143\u7d20\u66f4\u5927\uff0c\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8d85\u8fc7 target\n        if target-(*choices)[i] < 0 {\n            break\n        }\n        // \u526a\u679d\u56db\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5de6\u8fb9\u5143\u7d20\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u8be5\u641c\u7d22\u5206\u652f\u91cd\u590d\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7\n        if i > start && (*choices)[i] == (*choices)[i-1] {\n            continue\n        }\n        // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0 target, start\n        *state = append(*state, (*choices)[i])\n        // \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\n        backtrackSubsetSumII(i+1, target-(*choices)[i], state, choices, res)\n        // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n        *state = (*state)[:len(*state)-1]\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u5b50\u96c6\u548c II */\nfunc subsetSumII(nums []int, target int) [][]int {\n    state := make([]int, 0) // \u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\uff09\n    sort.Ints(nums)         // \u5bf9 nums \u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\n    start := 0              // \u904d\u5386\u8d77\u59cb\u70b9\n    res := make([][]int, 0) // \u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\u5217\u8868\uff09\n    backtrackSubsetSumII(start, target, &state, &nums, &res)\n    return res\n}\n
    subset_sum_ii.swift
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5b50\u96c6\u548c II */\nfunc backtrack(state: inout [Int], target: Int, choices: [Int], start: Int, res: inout [[Int]]) {\n    // \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n    if target == 0 {\n        res.append(state)\n        return\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    // \u526a\u679d\u4e8c\uff1a\u4ece start \u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u751f\u6210\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\n    // \u526a\u679d\u4e09\uff1a\u4ece start \u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u540c\u4e00\u5143\u7d20\n    for i in stride(from: start, to: choices.count, by: 1) {\n        // \u526a\u679d\u4e00\uff1a\u82e5\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u8d85\u8fc7 target \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u7ed3\u675f\u5faa\u73af\n        // \u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u540e\u8fb9\u5143\u7d20\u66f4\u5927\uff0c\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8d85\u8fc7 target\n        if target - choices[i] < 0 {\n            break\n        }\n        // \u526a\u679d\u56db\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5de6\u8fb9\u5143\u7d20\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u8be5\u641c\u7d22\u5206\u652f\u91cd\u590d\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7\n        if i > start, choices[i] == choices[i - 1] {\n            continue\n        }\n        // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0 target, start\n        state.append(choices[i])\n        // \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\n        backtrack(state: &state, target: target - choices[i], choices: choices, start: i + 1, res: &res)\n        // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n        state.removeLast()\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u5b50\u96c6\u548c II */\nfunc subsetSumII(nums: [Int], target: Int) -> [[Int]] {\n    var state: [Int] = [] // \u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\uff09\n    let nums = nums.sorted() // \u5bf9 nums \u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\n    let start = 0 // \u904d\u5386\u8d77\u59cb\u70b9\n    var res: [[Int]] = [] // \u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\u5217\u8868\uff09\n    backtrack(state: &state, target: target, choices: nums, start: start, res: &res)\n    return res\n}\n
    subset_sum_ii.js
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5b50\u96c6\u548c II */\nfunction backtrack(state, target, choices, start, res) {\n    // \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n    if (target === 0) {\n        res.push([...state]);\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    // \u526a\u679d\u4e8c\uff1a\u4ece start \u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u751f\u6210\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\n    // \u526a\u679d\u4e09\uff1a\u4ece start \u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u540c\u4e00\u5143\u7d20\n    for (let i = start; i < choices.length; i++) {\n        // \u526a\u679d\u4e00\uff1a\u82e5\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u8d85\u8fc7 target \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u7ed3\u675f\u5faa\u73af\n        // \u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u540e\u8fb9\u5143\u7d20\u66f4\u5927\uff0c\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8d85\u8fc7 target\n        if (target - choices[i] < 0) {\n            break;\n        }\n        // \u526a\u679d\u56db\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5de6\u8fb9\u5143\u7d20\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u8be5\u641c\u7d22\u5206\u652f\u91cd\u590d\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7\n        if (i > start && choices[i] === choices[i - 1]) {\n            continue;\n        }\n        // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0 target, start\n        state.push(choices[i]);\n        // \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\n        backtrack(state, target - choices[i], choices, i + 1, res);\n        // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n        state.pop();\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u5b50\u96c6\u548c II */\nfunction subsetSumII(nums, target) {\n    const state = []; // \u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\uff09\n    nums.sort((a, b) => a - b); // \u5bf9 nums \u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\n    const start = 0; // \u904d\u5386\u8d77\u59cb\u70b9\n    const res = []; // \u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\u5217\u8868\uff09\n    backtrack(state, target, nums, start, res);\n    return res;\n}\n
    subset_sum_ii.ts
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5b50\u96c6\u548c II */\nfunction backtrack(\n    state: number[],\n    target: number,\n    choices: number[],\n    start: number,\n    res: number[][]\n): void {\n    // \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n    if (target === 0) {\n        res.push([...state]);\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    // \u526a\u679d\u4e8c\uff1a\u4ece start \u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u751f\u6210\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\n    // \u526a\u679d\u4e09\uff1a\u4ece start \u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u540c\u4e00\u5143\u7d20\n    for (let i = start; i < choices.length; i++) {\n        // \u526a\u679d\u4e00\uff1a\u82e5\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u8d85\u8fc7 target \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u7ed3\u675f\u5faa\u73af\n        // \u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u540e\u8fb9\u5143\u7d20\u66f4\u5927\uff0c\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8d85\u8fc7 target\n        if (target - choices[i] < 0) {\n            break;\n        }\n        // \u526a\u679d\u56db\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5de6\u8fb9\u5143\u7d20\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u8be5\u641c\u7d22\u5206\u652f\u91cd\u590d\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7\n        if (i > start && choices[i] === choices[i - 1]) {\n            continue;\n        }\n        // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0 target, start\n        state.push(choices[i]);\n        // \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\n        backtrack(state, target - choices[i], choices, i + 1, res);\n        // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n        state.pop();\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u5b50\u96c6\u548c II */\nfunction subsetSumII(nums: number[], target: number): number[][] {\n    const state = []; // \u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\uff09\n    nums.sort((a, b) => a - b); // \u5bf9 nums \u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\n    const start = 0; // \u904d\u5386\u8d77\u59cb\u70b9\n    const res = []; // \u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\u5217\u8868\uff09\n    backtrack(state, target, nums, start, res);\n    return res;\n}\n
    subset_sum_ii.dart
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5b50\u96c6\u548c II */\nvoid backtrack(\n  List<int> state,\n  int target,\n  List<int> choices,\n  int start,\n  List<List<int>> res,\n) {\n  // \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n  if (target == 0) {\n    res.add(List.from(state));\n    return;\n  }\n  // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n  // \u526a\u679d\u4e8c\uff1a\u4ece start \u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u751f\u6210\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\n  // \u526a\u679d\u4e09\uff1a\u4ece start \u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u540c\u4e00\u5143\u7d20\n  for (int i = start; i < choices.length; i++) {\n    // \u526a\u679d\u4e00\uff1a\u82e5\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u8d85\u8fc7 target \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u7ed3\u675f\u5faa\u73af\n    // \u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u540e\u8fb9\u5143\u7d20\u66f4\u5927\uff0c\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8d85\u8fc7 target\n    if (target - choices[i] < 0) {\n      break;\n    }\n    // \u526a\u679d\u56db\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5de6\u8fb9\u5143\u7d20\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u8be5\u641c\u7d22\u5206\u652f\u91cd\u590d\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7\n    if (i > start && choices[i] == choices[i - 1]) {\n      continue;\n    }\n    // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0 target, start\n    state.add(choices[i]);\n    // \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\n    backtrack(state, target - choices[i], choices, i + 1, res);\n    // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n    state.removeLast();\n  }\n}\n\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u5b50\u96c6\u548c II */\nList<List<int>> subsetSumII(List<int> nums, int target) {\n  List<int> state = []; // \u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\uff09\n  nums.sort(); // \u5bf9 nums \u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\n  int start = 0; // \u904d\u5386\u8d77\u59cb\u70b9\n  List<List<int>> res = []; // \u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\u5217\u8868\uff09\n  backtrack(state, target, nums, start, res);\n  return res;\n}\n
    subset_sum_ii.rs
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5b50\u96c6\u548c II */\nfn backtrack(mut state: Vec<i32>, target: i32, choices: &[i32], start: usize, res: &mut Vec<Vec<i32>>) {\n    // \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n    if target == 0 {\n        res.push(state);\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    // \u526a\u679d\u4e8c\uff1a\u4ece start \u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u751f\u6210\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\n    // \u526a\u679d\u4e09\uff1a\u4ece start \u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u540c\u4e00\u5143\u7d20\n    for i in start..choices.len() {\n        // \u526a\u679d\u4e00\uff1a\u82e5\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u8d85\u8fc7 target \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u7ed3\u675f\u5faa\u73af\n        // \u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u540e\u8fb9\u5143\u7d20\u66f4\u5927\uff0c\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8d85\u8fc7 target\n        if target - choices[i] < 0 {\n            break;\n        }\n        // \u526a\u679d\u56db\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5de6\u8fb9\u5143\u7d20\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u8be5\u641c\u7d22\u5206\u652f\u91cd\u590d\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7\n        if i > start && choices[i] == choices[i - 1] {\n            continue;\n        }\n        // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0 target, start\n        state.push(choices[i]);\n        // \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\n        backtrack(state.clone(), target - choices[i], choices, i, res);\n        // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n        state.pop();\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u5b50\u96c6\u548c II */\nfn subset_sum_ii(nums: &mut [i32], target: i32) -> Vec<Vec<i32>> {\n    let state = Vec::new(); // \u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\uff09\n    nums.sort(); // \u5bf9 nums \u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\n    let start = 0; // \u904d\u5386\u8d77\u59cb\u70b9\n    let mut res = Vec::new(); // \u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868\uff08\u5b50\u96c6\u5217\u8868\uff09\n    backtrack(state, target, nums, start, &mut res);\n    res\n}\n
    subset_sum_ii.c
    /* \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5b50\u96c6\u548c II */\nvoid backtrack(int target, int *choices, int choicesSize, int start) {\n    // \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u89e3\n    if (target == 0) {\n        for (int i = 0; i < stateSize; i++) {\n            res[resSize][i] = state[i];\n        }\n        resColSizes[resSize++] = stateSize;\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    // \u526a\u679d\u4e8c\uff1a\u4ece start \u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u751f\u6210\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\n    // \u526a\u679d\u4e09\uff1a\u4ece start \u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u540c\u4e00\u5143\u7d20\n    for (int i = start; i < choicesSize; i++) {\n        // \u526a\u679d\u4e00\uff1a\u82e5\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u8d85\u8fc7 target \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7\n        if (target - choices[i] < 0) {\n            continue;\n        }\n        // \u526a\u679d\u56db\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5de6\u8fb9\u5143\u7d20\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u8be5\u641c\u7d22\u5206\u652f\u91cd\u590d\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7\n        if (i > start && choices[i] == choices[i - 1]) {\n            continue;\n        }\n        // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0 target, start\n        state[stateSize] = choices[i];\n        stateSize++;\n        // \u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\n        backtrack(target - choices[i], choices, choicesSize, i + 1);\n        // \u56de\u9000\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\n        stateSize--;\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u5b50\u96c6\u548c II */\nvoid subsetSumII(int *nums, int numsSize, int target) {\n    // \u5bf9 nums \u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\n    qsort(nums, numsSize, sizeof(int), cmp);\n    // \u5f00\u59cb\u56de\u6eaf\n    backtrack(target, nums, numsSize, 0);\n}\n
    subset_sum_ii.zig
    [class]{}-[func]{backtrack}\n\n[class]{}-[func]{subsetSumII}\n

    \u56fe 13-14 \u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u6570\u7ec4 \\([4, 4, 5]\\) \u548c\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20 \\(9\\) \u7684\u56de\u6eaf\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5171\u5305\u542b\u56db\u79cd\u526a\u679d\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u8bf7\u4f60\u5c06\u56fe\u793a\u4e0e\u4ee3\u7801\u6ce8\u91ca\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u7406\u89e3\u6574\u4e2a\u641c\u7d22\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6bcf\u79cd\u526a\u679d\u64cd\u4f5c\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u3002

    \u56fe 13-14 \u00a0 \u5b50\u96c6\u548c II \u56de\u6eaf\u8fc7\u7a0b

    "},{"location":"chapter_backtracking/summary/","title":"13.5 \u00a0 \u5c0f\u7ed3","text":""},{"location":"chapter_backtracking/summary/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u91cd\u70b9\u56de\u987e","text":"
    • \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\u672c\u8d28\u662f\u7a77\u4e3e\u6cd5\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u89e3\u7a7a\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c\u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386\u6765\u5bfb\u627e\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u89e3\u3002\u5728\u641c\u7d22\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u9047\u5230\u6ee1\u8db3\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u89e3\u5219\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u627e\u5230\u6240\u6709\u89e3\u6216\u904d\u5386\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\u7ed3\u675f\u3002
    • \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u641c\u7d22\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5305\u62ec\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4e0e\u56de\u9000\u4e24\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u5b83\u901a\u8fc7\u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u641c\u7d22\u6765\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5404\u79cd\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u5f53\u9047\u5230\u4e0d\u6ee1\u8db3\u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u65f6\uff0c\u5219\u64a4\u9500\u4e0a\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u9000\u56de\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5e76\u7ee7\u7eed\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5176\u4ed6\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4e0e\u56de\u9000\u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002
    • \u56de\u6eaf\u95ee\u9898\u901a\u5e38\u5305\u542b\u591a\u4e2a\u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0\u526a\u679d\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u526a\u679d\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u524d\u7ed3\u675f\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u641c\u7d22\u5206\u652f\uff0c\u5927\u5e45\u63d0\u5347\u641c\u7d22\u6548\u7387\u3002
    • \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e3b\u8981\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u89e3\u51b3\u641c\u7d22\u95ee\u9898\u548c\u7ea6\u675f\u6ee1\u8db3\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u7ec4\u5408\u4f18\u5316\u95ee\u9898\u867d\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\u89e3\u51b3\uff0c\u4f46\u5f80\u5f80\u5b58\u5728\u6548\u7387\u66f4\u9ad8\u6216\u6548\u679c\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u89e3\u6cd5\u3002
    • \u5168\u6392\u5217\u95ee\u9898\u65e8\u5728\u641c\u7d22\u7ed9\u5b9a\u96c6\u5408\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u6392\u5217\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u501f\u52a9\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\u6765\u8bb0\u5f55\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u662f\u5426\u88ab\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u526a\u6389\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u62e9\u540c\u4e00\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u641c\u7d22\u5206\u652f\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u53ea\u88ab\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u6b21\u3002
    • \u5728\u5168\u6392\u5217\u95ee\u9898\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u96c6\u5408\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5219\u6700\u7ec8\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u91cd\u590d\u6392\u5217\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u7ea6\u675f\u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\u5728\u6bcf\u8f6e\u4e2d\u53ea\u80fd\u88ab\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u8fd9\u901a\u5e38\u501f\u52a9\u4e00\u4e2a\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002
    • \u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u5728\u7ed9\u5b9a\u96c6\u5408\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u548c\u4e3a\u76ee\u6807\u503c\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5b50\u96c6\u3002\u96c6\u5408\u4e0d\u533a\u5206\u5143\u7d20\u987a\u5e8f\uff0c\u800c\u641c\u7d22\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4f1a\u8f93\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u987a\u5e8f\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u56de\u6eaf\u524d\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u5e76\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u6765\u6307\u793a\u6bcf\u4e00\u8f6e\u7684\u904d\u5386\u8d77\u59cb\u70b9\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5c06\u751f\u6210\u91cd\u590d\u5b50\u96c6\u7684\u641c\u7d22\u5206\u652f\u8fdb\u884c\u526a\u679d\u3002
    • \u5bf9\u4e8e\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u91cd\u590d\u96c6\u5408\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5229\u7528\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u524d\u7f6e\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5224\u65ad\u76f8\u90bb\u5143\u7d20\u662f\u5426\u76f8\u7b49\u5b9e\u73b0\u526a\u679d\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u786e\u4fdd\u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\u5728\u6bcf\u8f6e\u4e2d\u53ea\u80fd\u88ab\u9009\u4e2d\u4e00\u6b21\u3002
    • \\(n\\) \u7687\u540e\u95ee\u9898\u65e8\u5728\u5bfb\u627e\u5c06 \\(n\\) \u4e2a\u7687\u540e\u653e\u7f6e\u5230 \\(n \\times n\\) \u5c3a\u5bf8\u68cb\u76d8\u4e0a\u7684\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u6240\u6709\u7687\u540e\u4e24\u4e24\u4e4b\u95f4\u65e0\u6cd5\u653b\u51fb\u5bf9\u65b9\u3002\u8be5\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6\u6709\u884c\u7ea6\u675f\u3001\u5217\u7ea6\u675f\u3001\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u548c\u6b21\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u7ea6\u675f\u3002\u4e3a\u6ee1\u8db3\u884c\u7ea6\u675f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u91c7\u7528\u6309\u884c\u653e\u7f6e\u7684\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6bcf\u4e00\u884c\u653e\u7f6e\u4e00\u4e2a\u7687\u540e\u3002
    • \u5217\u7ea6\u675f\u548c\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u7ea6\u675f\u7684\u5904\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f\u7c7b\u4f3c\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5217\u7ea6\u675f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5229\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\u6765\u8bb0\u5f55\u6bcf\u4e00\u5217\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7687\u540e\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6307\u793a\u9009\u4e2d\u7684\u683c\u5b50\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u7ea6\u675f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u501f\u52a9\u4e24\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\u6765\u5206\u522b\u8bb0\u5f55\u8be5\u4e3b\u3001\u6b21\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u4e0a\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u7687\u540e\uff1b\u96be\u70b9\u5728\u4e8e\u627e\u5904\u5728\u5230\u540c\u4e00\u4e3b\uff08\u526f\uff09\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u4e0a\u683c\u5b50\u6ee1\u8db3\u7684\u884c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u89c4\u5f8b\u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_backtracking/summary/#2-q-a","title":"2. \u00a0 Q & A","text":"

    \u600e\u4e48\u7406\u89e3\u56de\u6eaf\u548c\u9012\u5f52\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff1f

    \u603b\u7684\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u56de\u6eaf\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u7b97\u6cd5\u7b56\u7565\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u9012\u5f52\u66f4\u50cf\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u5de5\u5177\u201d\u3002

    • \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\u901a\u5e38\u57fa\u4e8e\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u56de\u6eaf\u662f\u9012\u5f52\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u662f\u9012\u5f52\u5728\u641c\u7d22\u95ee\u9898\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u3002
    • \u9012\u5f52\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u201c\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u5206\u89e3\u201d\u7684\u89e3\u9898\u8303\u5f0f\uff0c\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u89e3\u51b3\u5206\u6cbb\u3001\u56de\u6eaf\u3001\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\uff08\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u9012\u5f52\uff09\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/","title":"\u7b2c 2 \u7ae0 \u00a0 \u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5206\u6790","text":"

    Abstract

    \u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5206\u6790\u72b9\u5982\u6d69\u701a\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u5b87\u5b99\u4e2d\u7684\u65f6\u7a7a\u5411\u5bfc\u3002

    \u5b83\u5e26\u9886\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0e\u7a7a\u95f4\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ef4\u5ea6\u4e0a\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u7d22\uff0c\u5bfb\u627e\u66f4\u4f18\u96c5\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/#_1","title":"\u672c\u7ae0\u5185\u5bb9","text":"
    • 2.1 \u00a0 \u7b97\u6cd5\u6548\u7387\u8bc4\u4f30
    • 2.2 \u00a0 \u8fed\u4ee3\u4e0e\u9012\u5f52
    • 2.3 \u00a0 \u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6
    • 2.4 \u00a0 \u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6
    • 2.5 \u00a0 \u5c0f\u7ed3
    "},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/iteration_and_recursion/","title":"2.2 \u00a0 \u8fed\u4ee3\u4e0e\u9012\u5f52","text":"

    \u5728\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e2d\uff0c\u91cd\u590d\u6267\u884c\u67d0\u4e2a\u4efb\u52a1\u662f\u5f88\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0e\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5206\u6790\u606f\u606f\u76f8\u5173\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u4ecb\u7ecd\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5148\u6765\u4e86\u89e3\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\u91cd\u590d\u6267\u884c\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u5373\u4e24\u79cd\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u63a7\u5236\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a\u8fed\u4ee3\u3001\u9012\u5f52\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/iteration_and_recursion/#221","title":"2.2.1 \u00a0 \u8fed\u4ee3","text":"

    \u300c\u8fed\u4ee3 iteration\u300d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u91cd\u590d\u6267\u884c\u67d0\u4e2a\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u5728\u8fed\u4ee3\u4e2d\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4f1a\u5728\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u91cd\u590d\u6267\u884c\u67d0\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0d\u518d\u6ee1\u8db3\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/iteration_and_recursion/#1-for","title":"1. \u00a0 for \u5faa\u73af","text":"

    for \u5faa\u73af\u662f\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u8fed\u4ee3\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u5728\u9884\u5148\u77e5\u9053\u8fed\u4ee3\u6b21\u6570\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\u3002

    \u4ee5\u4e0b\u51fd\u6570\u57fa\u4e8e for \u5faa\u73af\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u6c42\u548c \\(1 + 2 + \\dots + n\\) \uff0c\u6c42\u548c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\u53d8\u91cf res \u8bb0\u5f55\u3002\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0cPython \u4e2d range(a, b) \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u533a\u95f4\u662f\u201c\u5de6\u95ed\u53f3\u5f00\u201d\u7684\uff0c\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u904d\u5386\u8303\u56f4\u4e3a \\(a, a + 1, \\dots, b-1\\) \uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig iteration.py
    def for_loop(n: int) -> int:\n    \"\"\"for \u5faa\u73af\"\"\"\n    res = 0\n    # \u5faa\u73af\u6c42\u548c 1, 2, ..., n-1, n\n    for i in range(1, n + 1):\n        res += i\n    return res\n
    iteration.cpp
    /* for \u5faa\u73af */\nint forLoop(int n) {\n    int res = 0;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u6c42\u548c 1, 2, ..., n-1, n\n    for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) {\n        res += i;\n    }\n    return res;\n}\n
    iteration.java
    /* for \u5faa\u73af */\nint forLoop(int n) {\n    int res = 0;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u6c42\u548c 1, 2, ..., n-1, n\n    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        res += i;\n    }\n    return res;\n}\n
    iteration.cs
    /* for \u5faa\u73af */\nint ForLoop(int n) {\n    int res = 0;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u6c42\u548c 1, 2, ..., n-1, n\n    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        res += i;\n    }\n    return res;\n}\n
    iteration.go
    /* for \u5faa\u73af */\nfunc forLoop(n int) int {\n    res := 0\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u6c42\u548c 1, 2, ..., n-1, n\n    for i := 1; i <= n; i++ {\n        res += i\n    }\n    return res\n}\n
    iteration.swift
    /* for \u5faa\u73af */\nfunc forLoop(n: Int) -> Int {\n    var res = 0\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u6c42\u548c 1, 2, ..., n-1, n\n    for i in 1 ... n {\n        res += i\n    }\n    return res\n}\n
    iteration.js
    /* for \u5faa\u73af */\nfunction forLoop(n) {\n    let res = 0;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u6c42\u548c 1, 2, ..., n-1, n\n    for (let i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        res += i;\n    }\n    return res;\n}\n
    iteration.ts
    /* for \u5faa\u73af */\nfunction forLoop(n: number): number {\n    let res = 0;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u6c42\u548c 1, 2, ..., n-1, n\n    for (let i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        res += i;\n    }\n    return res;\n}\n
    iteration.dart
    /* for \u5faa\u73af */\nint forLoop(int n) {\n  int res = 0;\n  // \u5faa\u73af\u6c42\u548c 1, 2, ..., n-1, n\n  for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n    res += i;\n  }\n  return res;\n}\n
    iteration.rs
    /* for \u5faa\u73af */\nfn for_loop(n: i32) -> i32 {\n    let mut res = 0;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u6c42\u548c 1, 2, ..., n-1, n\n    for i in 1..=n {\n        res += i;\n    }\n    res\n} \n
    iteration.c
    /* for \u5faa\u73af */\nint forLoop(int n) {\n    int res = 0;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u6c42\u548c 1, 2, ..., n-1, n\n    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        res += i;\n    }\n    return res;\n}\n
    iteration.zig
    // for \u5faa\u73af\nfn forLoop(n: usize) i32 {\n    var res: i32 = 0;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u6c42\u548c 1, 2, ..., n-1, n\n    for (1..n+1) |i| {\n        res = res + @as(i32, @intCast(i));\n    }\n    return res;\n} \n

    \u56fe 2-1 \u662f\u8be5\u6c42\u548c\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u6d41\u7a0b\u6846\u56fe\u3002

    \u56fe 2-1 \u00a0 \u6c42\u548c\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u6d41\u7a0b\u6846\u56fe

    \u6b64\u6c42\u548c\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u91cf\u4e0e\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5927\u5c0f \\(n\\) \u6210\u6b63\u6bd4\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\u6210\u201c\u7ebf\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u201d\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u201c\u7ebf\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u201d\u3002\u76f8\u5173\u5185\u5bb9\u5c06\u4f1a\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u8282\u4e2d\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/iteration_and_recursion/#2-while","title":"2. \u00a0 while \u5faa\u73af","text":"

    \u4e0e for \u5faa\u73af\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0cwhile \u5faa\u73af\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fed\u4ee3\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5728 while \u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6bcf\u8f6e\u90fd\u4f1a\u5148\u68c0\u67e5\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6761\u4ef6\u4e3a\u771f\uff0c\u5219\u7ee7\u7eed\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u5c31\u7ed3\u675f\u5faa\u73af\u3002

    \u4e0b\u9762\u6211\u4eec\u7528 while \u5faa\u73af\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u6c42\u548c \\(1 + 2 + \\dots + n\\) \uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig iteration.py
    def while_loop(n: int) -> int:\n    \"\"\"while \u5faa\u73af\"\"\"\n    res = 0\n    i = 1  # \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u91cf\n    # \u5faa\u73af\u6c42\u548c 1, 2, ..., n-1, n\n    while i <= n:\n        res += i\n        i += 1  # \u66f4\u65b0\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u91cf\n    return res\n
    iteration.cpp
    /* while \u5faa\u73af */\nint whileLoop(int n) {\n    int res = 0;\n    int i = 1; // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u91cf\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u6c42\u548c 1, 2, ..., n-1, n\n    while (i <= n) {\n        res += i;\n        i++; // \u66f4\u65b0\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u91cf\n    }\n    return res;\n}\n
    iteration.java
    /* while \u5faa\u73af */\nint whileLoop(int n) {\n    int res = 0;\n    int i = 1; // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u91cf\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u6c42\u548c 1, 2, ..., n-1, n\n    while (i <= n) {\n        res += i;\n        i++; // \u66f4\u65b0\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u91cf\n    }\n    return res;\n}\n
    iteration.cs
    /* while \u5faa\u73af */\nint WhileLoop(int n) {\n    int res = 0;\n    int i = 1; // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u91cf\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u6c42\u548c 1, 2, ..., n-1, n\n    while (i <= n) {\n        res += i;\n        i += 1; // \u66f4\u65b0\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u91cf\n    }\n    return res;\n}\n
    iteration.go
    /* while \u5faa\u73af */\nfunc whileLoop(n int) int {\n    res := 0\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u91cf\n    i := 1\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u6c42\u548c 1, 2, ..., n-1, n\n    for i <= n {\n        res += i\n        // \u66f4\u65b0\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u91cf\n        i++\n    }\n    return res\n}\n
    iteration.swift
    /* while \u5faa\u73af */\nfunc whileLoop(n: Int) -> Int {\n    var res = 0\n    var i = 1 // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u91cf\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u6c42\u548c 1, 2, ..., n-1, n\n    while i <= n {\n        res += i\n        i += 1 // \u66f4\u65b0\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u91cf\n    }\n    return res\n}\n
    iteration.js
    /* while \u5faa\u73af */\nfunction whileLoop(n) {\n    let res = 0;\n    let i = 1; // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u91cf\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u6c42\u548c 1, 2, ..., n-1, n\n    while (i <= n) {\n        res += i;\n        i++; // \u66f4\u65b0\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u91cf\n    }\n    return res;\n}\n
    iteration.ts
    /* while \u5faa\u73af */\nfunction whileLoop(n: number): number {\n    let res = 0;\n    let i = 1; // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u91cf\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u6c42\u548c 1, 2, ..., n-1, n\n    while (i <= n) {\n        res += i;\n        i++; // \u66f4\u65b0\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u91cf\n    }\n    return res;\n}\n
    iteration.dart
    /* while \u5faa\u73af */\nint whileLoop(int n) {\n  int res = 0;\n  int i = 1; // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u91cf\n  // \u5faa\u73af\u6c42\u548c 1, 2, ..., n-1, n\n  while (i <= n) {\n    res += i;\n    i++; // \u66f4\u65b0\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u91cf\n  }\n  return res;\n}\n
    iteration.rs
    /* while \u5faa\u73af */\nfn while_loop(n: i32) -> i32 {\n    let mut res = 0;\n    let mut i = 1; // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u91cf\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u6c42\u548c 1, 2, ..., n-1, n\n    while i <= n {\n        res += i;\n        i += 1; // \u66f4\u65b0\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u91cf\n    }\n    res\n}\n
    iteration.c
    /* while \u5faa\u73af */\nint whileLoop(int n) {\n    int res = 0;\n    int i = 1; // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u91cf\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u6c42\u548c 1, 2, ..., n-1, n\n    while (i <= n) {\n        res += i;\n        i++; // \u66f4\u65b0\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u91cf\n    }\n    return res;\n}\n
    iteration.zig
    // while \u5faa\u73af\nfn whileLoop(n: i32) i32 {\n    var res: i32 = 0;\n    var i: i32 = 1; // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u91cf\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u6c42\u548c 1, 2, ..., n-1, n\n    while (i <= n) {\n        res += @intCast(i);\n        i += 1;\n    }\n    return res;\n}\n

    while \u5faa\u73af\u6bd4 for \u5faa\u73af\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u5ea6\u66f4\u9ad8\u3002\u5728 while \u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u7531\u5730\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u548c\u66f4\u65b0\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002

    \u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\uff0c\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u91cf \\(i\\) \u6bcf\u8f6e\u8fdb\u884c\u4e24\u6b21\u66f4\u65b0\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u5c31\u4e0d\u592a\u65b9\u4fbf\u7528 for \u5faa\u73af\u5b9e\u73b0\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig iteration.py
    def while_loop_ii(n: int) -> int:\n    \"\"\"while \u5faa\u73af\uff08\u4e24\u6b21\u66f4\u65b0\uff09\"\"\"\n    res = 0\n    i = 1  # \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u91cf\n    # \u5faa\u73af\u6c42\u548c 1, 4, 10, ...\n    while i <= n:\n        res += i\n        # \u66f4\u65b0\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u91cf\n        i += 1\n        i *= 2\n    return res\n
    iteration.cpp
    /* while \u5faa\u73af\uff08\u4e24\u6b21\u66f4\u65b0\uff09 */\nint whileLoopII(int n) {\n    int res = 0;\n    int i = 1; // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u91cf\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u6c42\u548c 1, 4, 10, ...\n    while (i <= n) {\n        res += i;\n        // \u66f4\u65b0\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u91cf\n        i++;\n        i *= 2;\n    }\n    return res;\n}\n
    iteration.java
    /* while \u5faa\u73af\uff08\u4e24\u6b21\u66f4\u65b0\uff09 */\nint whileLoopII(int n) {\n    int res = 0;\n    int i = 1; // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u91cf\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u6c42\u548c 1, 4, 10, ...\n    while (i <= n) {\n        res += i;\n        // \u66f4\u65b0\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u91cf\n        i++;\n        i *= 2;\n    }\n    return res;\n}\n
    iteration.cs
    /* while \u5faa\u73af\uff08\u4e24\u6b21\u66f4\u65b0\uff09 */\nint WhileLoopII(int n) {\n    int res = 0;\n    int i = 1; // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u91cf\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u6c42\u548c 1, 2, 4, 5...\n    while (i <= n) {\n        res += i;\n        // \u66f4\u65b0\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u91cf\n        i += 1; \n        i *= 2;\n    }\n    return res;\n}\n
    iteration.go
    /* while \u5faa\u73af\uff08\u4e24\u6b21\u66f4\u65b0\uff09 */\nfunc whileLoopII(n int) int {\n    res := 0\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u91cf\n    i := 1\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u6c42\u548c 1, 4, 10, ...\n    for i <= n {\n        res += i\n        // \u66f4\u65b0\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u91cf\n        i++\n        i *= 2\n    }\n    return res\n}\n
    iteration.swift
    /* while \u5faa\u73af\uff08\u4e24\u6b21\u66f4\u65b0\uff09 */\nfunc whileLoopII(n: Int) -> Int {\n    var res = 0\n    var i = 1 // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u91cf\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u6c42\u548c 1, 4, 10, ...\n    while i <= n {\n        res += i\n        // \u66f4\u65b0\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u91cf\n        i += 1\n        i *= 2\n    }\n    return res\n}\n
    iteration.js
    /* while \u5faa\u73af\uff08\u4e24\u6b21\u66f4\u65b0\uff09 */\nfunction whileLoopII(n) {\n    let res = 0;\n    let i = 1; // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u91cf\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u6c42\u548c 1, 4, 10, ...\n    while (i <= n) {\n        res += i;\n        // \u66f4\u65b0\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u91cf\n        i++;\n        i *= 2;\n    }\n    return res;\n}\n
    iteration.ts
    /* while \u5faa\u73af\uff08\u4e24\u6b21\u66f4\u65b0\uff09 */\nfunction whileLoopII(n: number): number {\n    let res = 0;\n    let i = 1; // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u91cf\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u6c42\u548c 1, 4, 10, ...\n    while (i <= n) {\n        res += i;\n        // \u66f4\u65b0\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u91cf\n        i++;\n        i *= 2;\n    }\n    return res;\n}\n
    iteration.dart
    /* while \u5faa\u73af\uff08\u4e24\u6b21\u66f4\u65b0\uff09 */\nint whileLoopII(int n) {\n  int res = 0;\n  int i = 1; // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u91cf\n  // \u5faa\u73af\u6c42\u548c 1, 4, 10, ...\n  while (i <= n) {\n    res += i;\n    // \u66f4\u65b0\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u91cf\n    i++;\n    i *= 2;\n  }\n  return res;\n}\n
    iteration.rs
    /* while \u5faa\u73af\uff08\u4e24\u6b21\u66f4\u65b0\uff09 */\nfn while_loop_ii(n: i32) -> i32 {\n    let mut res = 0;\n    let mut i = 1; // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u91cf\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u6c42\u548c 1, 4, 10, ...\n    while i <= n {\n        res += i;\n        // \u66f4\u65b0\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u91cf\n        i += 1;\n        i *= 2;\n    }\n    res\n}\n
    iteration.c
    /* while \u5faa\u73af\uff08\u4e24\u6b21\u66f4\u65b0\uff09 */\nint whileLoopII(int n) {\n    int res = 0;\n    int i = 1; // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u91cf\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u6c42\u548c 1, 4, 10, ...\n    while (i <= n) {\n        res += i;\n        // \u66f4\u65b0\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u91cf\n        i++;\n        i *= 2;\n    }\n    return res;\n}\n
    iteration.zig
    //  while \u5faa\u73af\uff08\u4e24\u6b21\u66f4\u65b0\uff09\nfn whileLoopII(n: i32) i32 {\n    var res: i32 = 0;\n    var i: i32 = 1; // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u91cf\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u6c42\u548c 1, 4, 10, ...\n    while (i <= n) {\n        res += @intCast(i);\n        // \u66f4\u65b0\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u91cf\n        i += 1;\n        i *= 2;\n    }\n    return res;\n}\n

    \u603b\u7684\u6765\u8bf4\uff0cfor \u5faa\u73af\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u66f4\u52a0\u7d27\u51d1\uff0cwhile \u5faa\u73af\u66f4\u52a0\u7075\u6d3b\uff0c\u4e24\u8005\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fed\u4ee3\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u9009\u62e9\u4f7f\u7528\u54ea\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e94\u8be5\u6839\u636e\u7279\u5b9a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u6765\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/iteration_and_recursion/#3","title":"3. \u00a0 \u5d4c\u5957\u5faa\u73af","text":"

    \u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5faa\u73af\u7ed3\u6784\u5185\u5d4c\u5957\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5faa\u73af\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\u4ee5 for \u5faa\u73af\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig iteration.py
    def nested_for_loop(n: int) -> str:\n    \"\"\"\u53cc\u5c42 for \u5faa\u73af\"\"\"\n    res = \"\"\n    # \u5faa\u73af i = 1, 2, ..., n-1, n\n    for i in range(1, n + 1):\n        # \u5faa\u73af j = 1, 2, ..., n-1, n\n        for j in range(1, n + 1):\n            res += f\"({i}, {j}), \"\n    return res\n
    iteration.cpp
    /* \u53cc\u5c42 for \u5faa\u73af */\nstring nestedForLoop(int n) {\n    ostringstream res;\n    // \u5faa\u73af i = 1, 2, ..., n-1, n\n    for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) {\n        // \u5faa\u73af j = 1, 2, ..., n-1, n\n        for (int j = 1; j <= n; ++j) {\n            res << \"(\" << i << \", \" << j << \"), \";\n        }\n    }\n    return res.str();\n}\n
    iteration.java
    /* \u53cc\u5c42 for \u5faa\u73af */\nString nestedForLoop(int n) {\n    StringBuilder res = new StringBuilder();\n    // \u5faa\u73af i = 1, 2, ..., n-1, n\n    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        // \u5faa\u73af j = 1, 2, ..., n-1, n\n        for (int j = 1; j <= n; j++) {\n            res.append(\"(\" + i + \", \" + j + \"), \");\n        }\n    }\n    return res.toString();\n}\n
    iteration.cs
    /* \u53cc\u5c42 for \u5faa\u73af */\nstring NestedForLoop(int n) {\n    StringBuilder res = new();\n    // \u5faa\u73af i = 1, 2, ..., n-1, n\n    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        // \u5faa\u73af j = 1, 2, ..., n-1, n\n        for (int j = 1; j <= n; j++) {\n            res.Append($\"({i}, {j}), \");\n        }\n    }\n    return res.ToString();\n}\n
    iteration.go
    /* \u53cc\u5c42 for \u5faa\u73af */\nfunc nestedForLoop(n int) string {\n    res := \"\"\n    // \u5faa\u73af i = 1, 2, ..., n-1, n\n    for i := 1; i <= n; i++ {\n        for j := 1; j <= n; j++ {\n            // \u5faa\u73af j = 1, 2, ..., n-1, n\n            res += fmt.Sprintf(\"(%d, %d), \", i, j)\n        }\n    }\n    return res\n}\n
    iteration.swift
    /* \u53cc\u5c42 for \u5faa\u73af */\nfunc nestedForLoop(n: Int) -> String {\n    var res = \"\"\n    // \u5faa\u73af i = 1, 2, ..., n-1, n\n    for i in 1 ... n {\n        // \u5faa\u73af j = 1, 2, ..., n-1, n\n        for j in 1 ... n {\n            res.append(\"(\\(i), \\(j)), \")\n        }\n    }\n    return res\n}\n
    iteration.js
    /* \u53cc\u5c42 for \u5faa\u73af */\nfunction nestedForLoop(n) {\n    let res = '';\n    // \u5faa\u73af i = 1, 2, ..., n-1, n\n    for (let i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        // \u5faa\u73af j = 1, 2, ..., n-1, n\n        for (let j = 1; j <= n; j++) {\n            res += `(${i}, ${j}), `;\n        }\n    }\n    return res;\n}\n
    iteration.ts
    /* \u53cc\u5c42 for \u5faa\u73af */\nfunction nestedForLoop(n: number): string {\n    let res = '';\n    // \u5faa\u73af i = 1, 2, ..., n-1, n\n    for (let i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        // \u5faa\u73af j = 1, 2, ..., n-1, n\n        for (let j = 1; j <= n; j++) {\n            res += `(${i}, ${j}), `;\n        }\n    }\n    return res;\n}\n
    iteration.dart
    /* \u53cc\u5c42 for \u5faa\u73af */\nString nestedForLoop(int n) {\n  String res = \"\";\n  // \u5faa\u73af i = 1, 2, ..., n-1, n\n  for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n    // \u5faa\u73af j = 1, 2, ..., n-1, n\n    for (int j = 1; j <= n; j++) {\n      res += \"($i, $j), \";\n    }\n  }\n  return res;\n}\n
    iteration.rs
    /* \u53cc\u5c42 for \u5faa\u73af */\nfn nested_for_loop(n: i32) -> String {\n    let mut res = vec![];\n    // \u5faa\u73af i = 1, 2, ..., n-1, n\n    for i in 1..=n {\n        // \u5faa\u73af j = 1, 2, ..., n-1, n\n        for j in 1..=n {\n            res.push(format!(\"({}, {}), \", i, j));\n        }\n    }\n    res.join(\"\")\n}\n
    iteration.c
    /* \u53cc\u5c42 for \u5faa\u73af */\nchar *nestedForLoop(int n) {\n    // n * n \u4e3a\u5bf9\u5e94\u70b9\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\"(i, j), \" \u5bf9\u5e94\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u957f\u6700\u5927\u4e3a 6+10*2\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0a\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26 \\0 \u7684\u989d\u5916\u7a7a\u95f4\n    int size = n * n * 26 + 1;\n    char *res = malloc(size * sizeof(char));\n    // \u5faa\u73af i = 1, 2, ..., n-1, n\n    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        // \u5faa\u73af j = 1, 2, ..., n-1, n\n        for (int j = 1; j <= n; j++) {\n            char tmp[26];\n            snprintf(tmp, sizeof(tmp), \"(%d, %d), \", i, j);\n            strncat(res, tmp, size - strlen(res) - 1);\n        }\n    }\n    return res;\n}\n
    iteration.zig
    // \u53cc\u5c42 for \u5faa\u73af\nfn nestedForLoop(allocator: Allocator, n: usize) ![]const u8 {\n    var res = std.ArrayList(u8).init(allocator);\n    defer res.deinit();\n    var buffer: [20]u8 = undefined;\n    // \u5faa\u73af i = 1, 2, ..., n-1, n\n    for (1..n+1) |i| {\n        // \u5faa\u73af j = 1, 2, ..., n-1, n\n        for (1..n+1) |j| {\n            var _str = try std.fmt.bufPrint(&buffer, \"({d}, {d}), \", .{i, j});\n            try res.appendSlice(_str);\n        }\n    }\n    return res.toOwnedSlice();\n}\n

    \u56fe 2-2 \u662f\u8be5\u5d4c\u5957\u5faa\u73af\u7684\u6d41\u7a0b\u6846\u56fe\u3002

    \u56fe 2-2 \u00a0 \u5d4c\u5957\u5faa\u73af\u7684\u6d41\u7a0b\u6846\u56fe

    \u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u91cf\u4e0e \\(n^2\\) \u6210\u6b63\u6bd4\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\u7b97\u6cd5\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5927\u5c0f \\(n\\) \u6210\u201c\u5e73\u65b9\u5173\u7cfb\u201d\u3002

    \u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ee7\u7eed\u6dfb\u52a0\u5d4c\u5957\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u5d4c\u5957\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u6b21\u201c\u5347\u7ef4\u201d\uff0c\u5c06\u4f1a\u4f7f\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u63d0\u9ad8\u81f3\u201c\u7acb\u65b9\u5173\u7cfb\u201d\u201c\u56db\u6b21\u65b9\u5173\u7cfb\u201d\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u7c7b\u63a8\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/iteration_and_recursion/#222","title":"2.2.2 \u00a0 \u9012\u5f52","text":"

    \u300c\u9012\u5f52 recursion\u300d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7b97\u6cd5\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\u81ea\u8eab\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5b83\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u542b\u4e24\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\u3002

    1. \u9012\uff1a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e0d\u65ad\u6df1\u5165\u5730\u8c03\u7528\u81ea\u8eab\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4f20\u5165\u66f4\u5c0f\u6216\u66f4\u7b80\u5316\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u8fbe\u5230\u201c\u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6\u201d\u3002
    2. \u5f52\uff1a\u89e6\u53d1\u201c\u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6\u201d\u540e\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4ece\u6700\u6df1\u5c42\u7684\u9012\u5f52\u51fd\u6570\u5f00\u59cb\u9010\u5c42\u8fd4\u56de\uff0c\u6c47\u805a\u6bcf\u4e00\u5c42\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002

    \u800c\u4ece\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u9012\u5f52\u4ee3\u7801\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u542b\u4e09\u4e2a\u8981\u7d20\u3002

    1. \u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6\uff1a\u7528\u4e8e\u51b3\u5b9a\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u7531\u201c\u9012\u201d\u8f6c\u201c\u5f52\u201d\u3002
    2. \u9012\u5f52\u8c03\u7528\uff1a\u5bf9\u5e94\u201c\u9012\u201d\uff0c\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\u81ea\u8eab\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u8f93\u5165\u66f4\u5c0f\u6216\u66f4\u7b80\u5316\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u3002
    3. \u8fd4\u56de\u7ed3\u679c\uff1a\u5bf9\u5e94\u201c\u5f52\u201d\uff0c\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u9012\u5f52\u5c42\u7ea7\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u8fd4\u56de\u81f3\u4e0a\u4e00\u5c42\u3002

    \u89c2\u5bdf\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u9700\u8c03\u7528\u51fd\u6570 recur(n) \uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b8c\u6210 \\(1 + 2 + \\dots + n\\) \u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig recursion.py
    def recur(n: int) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u9012\u5f52\"\"\"\n    # \u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6\n    if n == 1:\n        return 1\n    # \u9012\uff1a\u9012\u5f52\u8c03\u7528\n    res = recur(n - 1)\n    # \u5f52\uff1a\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed3\u679c\n    return n + res\n
    recursion.cpp
    /* \u9012\u5f52 */\nint recur(int n) {\n    // \u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6\n    if (n == 1)\n        return 1;\n    // \u9012\uff1a\u9012\u5f52\u8c03\u7528\n    int res = recur(n - 1);\n    // \u5f52\uff1a\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed3\u679c\n    return n + res;\n}\n
    recursion.java
    /* \u9012\u5f52 */\nint recur(int n) {\n    // \u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6\n    if (n == 1)\n        return 1;\n    // \u9012\uff1a\u9012\u5f52\u8c03\u7528\n    int res = recur(n - 1);\n    // \u5f52\uff1a\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed3\u679c\n    return n + res;\n}\n
    recursion.cs
    /* \u9012\u5f52 */\nint Recur(int n) {\n    // \u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6\n    if (n == 1)\n        return 1;\n    // \u9012\uff1a\u9012\u5f52\u8c03\u7528\n    int res = Recur(n - 1);\n    // \u5f52\uff1a\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed3\u679c\n    return n + res;\n}\n
    recursion.go
    /* \u9012\u5f52 */\nfunc recur(n int) int {\n    // \u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6\n    if n == 1 {\n        return 1\n    }\n    // \u9012\uff1a\u9012\u5f52\u8c03\u7528\n    res := recur(n - 1)\n    // \u5f52\uff1a\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed3\u679c\n    return n + res\n}\n
    recursion.swift
    /* \u9012\u5f52 */\nfunc recur(n: Int) -> Int {\n    // \u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6\n    if n == 1 {\n        return 1\n    }\n    // \u9012\uff1a\u9012\u5f52\u8c03\u7528\n    let res = recur(n: n - 1)\n    // \u5f52\uff1a\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed3\u679c\n    return n + res\n}\n
    recursion.js
    /* \u9012\u5f52 */\nfunction recur(n) {\n    // \u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6\n    if (n === 1) return 1;\n    // \u9012\uff1a\u9012\u5f52\u8c03\u7528\n    const res = recur(n - 1);\n    // \u5f52\uff1a\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed3\u679c\n    return n + res;\n}\n
    recursion.ts
    /* \u9012\u5f52 */\nfunction recur(n: number): number {\n    // \u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6\n    if (n === 1) return 1;\n    // \u9012\uff1a\u9012\u5f52\u8c03\u7528\n    const res = recur(n - 1);\n    // \u5f52\uff1a\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed3\u679c\n    return n + res;\n}\n
    recursion.dart
    /* \u9012\u5f52 */\nint recur(int n) {\n  // \u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6\n  if (n == 1) return 1;\n  // \u9012\uff1a\u9012\u5f52\u8c03\u7528\n  int res = recur(n - 1);\n  // \u5f52\uff1a\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed3\u679c\n  return n + res;\n}\n
    recursion.rs
    /* \u9012\u5f52 */\nfn recur(n: i32) -> i32 {\n    // \u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6\n    if n == 1 {\n        return 1;\n    }\n    // \u9012\uff1a\u9012\u5f52\u8c03\u7528\n    let res = recur(n - 1);\n    // \u5f52\uff1a\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed3\u679c\n    n + res\n}\n
    recursion.c
    /* \u9012\u5f52 */\nint recur(int n) {\n    // \u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6\n    if (n == 1)\n        return 1;\n    // \u9012\uff1a\u9012\u5f52\u8c03\u7528\n    int res = recur(n - 1);\n    // \u5f52\uff1a\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed3\u679c\n    return n + res;\n}\n
    recursion.zig
    // \u9012\u5f52\u51fd\u6570\nfn recur(n: i32) i32 {\n    // \u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6\n    if (n == 1) {\n        return 1;\n    }\n    // \u9012\uff1a\u9012\u5f52\u8c03\u7528\n    var res: i32 = recur(n - 1);\n    // \u5f52\uff1a\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed3\u679c\n    return n + res;\n}\n

    \u56fe 2-3 \u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u8be5\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u9012\u5f52\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002

    \u56fe 2-3 \u00a0 \u6c42\u548c\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u9012\u5f52\u8fc7\u7a0b

    \u867d\u7136\u4ece\u8ba1\u7b97\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u8fed\u4ee3\u4e0e\u9012\u5f52\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u4e24\u79cd\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u601d\u8003\u548c\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u8303\u5f0f\u3002

    • \u8fed\u4ee3\uff1a\u201c\u81ea\u4e0b\u800c\u4e0a\u201d\u5730\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4ece\u6700\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4e0d\u65ad\u91cd\u590d\u6216\u7d2f\u52a0\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u4efb\u52a1\u5b8c\u6210\u3002
    • \u9012\u5f52\uff1a\u201c\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u201d\u5730\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5c06\u539f\u95ee\u9898\u5206\u89e3\u4e3a\u66f4\u5c0f\u7684\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u548c\u539f\u95ee\u9898\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u5c06\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7ee7\u7eed\u5206\u89e3\u4e3a\u66f4\u5c0f\u7684\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u57fa\u672c\u60c5\u51b5\u65f6\u505c\u6b62\uff08\u57fa\u672c\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u89e3\u662f\u5df2\u77e5\u7684\uff09\u3002

    \u4ee5\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6c42\u548c\u51fd\u6570\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u8bbe\u95ee\u9898 \\(f(n) = 1 + 2 + \\dots + n\\) \u3002

    • \u8fed\u4ee3\uff1a\u5728\u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u6a21\u62df\u6c42\u548c\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u4ece \\(1\\) \u904d\u5386\u5230 \\(n\\) \uff0c\u6bcf\u8f6e\u6267\u884c\u6c42\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5373\u53ef\u6c42\u5f97 \\(f(n)\\) \u3002
    • \u9012\u5f52\uff1a\u5c06\u95ee\u9898\u5206\u89e3\u4e3a\u5b50\u95ee\u9898 \\(f(n) = n + f(n-1)\\) \uff0c\u4e0d\u65ad\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5730\uff09\u5206\u89e3\u4e0b\u53bb\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u57fa\u672c\u60c5\u51b5 \\(f(1) = 1\\) \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/iteration_and_recursion/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u8c03\u7528\u6808","text":"

    \u9012\u5f52\u51fd\u6570\u6bcf\u6b21\u8c03\u7528\u81ea\u8eab\u65f6\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u90fd\u4f1a\u4e3a\u65b0\u5f00\u542f\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u5206\u914d\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u4ee5\u5b58\u50a8\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u8c03\u7528\u5730\u5740\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u4fe1\u606f\u7b49\u3002\u8fd9\u5c06\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e24\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002

    • \u51fd\u6570\u7684\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u6570\u636e\u90fd\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u6808\u5e27\u7a7a\u95f4\u201d\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u533a\u57df\u4e2d\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u540e\u624d\u4f1a\u88ab\u91ca\u653e\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u9012\u5f52\u901a\u5e38\u6bd4\u8fed\u4ee3\u66f4\u52a0\u8017\u8d39\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002
    • \u9012\u5f52\u8c03\u7528\u51fd\u6570\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u989d\u5916\u7684\u5f00\u9500\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u9012\u5f52\u901a\u5e38\u6bd4\u5faa\u73af\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6548\u7387\u66f4\u4f4e\u3002

    \u5982\u56fe 2-4 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5728\u89e6\u53d1\u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6\u524d\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5b58\u5728 \\(n\\) \u4e2a\u672a\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u9012\u5f52\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u9012\u5f52\u6df1\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(n\\) \u3002

    \u56fe 2-4 \u00a0 \u9012\u5f52\u8c03\u7528\u6df1\u5ea6

    \u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u4e2d\uff0c\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u5141\u8bb8\u7684\u9012\u5f52\u6df1\u5ea6\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u6709\u9650\u7684\uff0c\u8fc7\u6df1\u7684\u9012\u5f52\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u6808\u6ea2\u51fa\u9519\u8bef\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/iteration_and_recursion/#2","title":"2. \u00a0 \u5c3e\u9012\u5f52","text":"

    \u6709\u8da3\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u51fd\u6570\u5728\u8fd4\u56de\u524d\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b65\u624d\u8fdb\u884c\u9012\u5f52\u8c03\u7528\uff0c\u5219\u8be5\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u6216\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u4f18\u5316\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u5728\u7a7a\u95f4\u6548\u7387\u4e0a\u4e0e\u8fed\u4ee3\u76f8\u5f53\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u300c\u5c3e\u9012\u5f52 tail recursion\u300d\u3002

    • \u666e\u901a\u9012\u5f52\uff1a\u5f53\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u5230\u4e0a\u4e00\u5c42\u7ea7\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u540e\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u7ee7\u7eed\u6267\u884c\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7cfb\u7edf\u9700\u8981\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e0a\u4e00\u5c42\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u3002
    • \u5c3e\u9012\u5f52\uff1a\u9012\u5f52\u8c03\u7528\u662f\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u524d\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u5230\u4e0a\u4e00\u5c42\u7ea7\u540e\uff0c\u65e0\u987b\u7ee7\u7eed\u6267\u884c\u5176\u4ed6\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7cfb\u7edf\u65e0\u987b\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e0a\u4e00\u5c42\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u3002

    \u4ee5\u8ba1\u7b97 \\(1 + 2 + \\dots + n\\) \u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u7ed3\u679c\u53d8\u91cf res \u8bbe\u4e3a\u51fd\u6570\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5b9e\u73b0\u5c3e\u9012\u5f52\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig recursion.py
    def tail_recur(n, res):\n    \"\"\"\u5c3e\u9012\u5f52\"\"\"\n    # \u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6\n    if n == 0:\n        return res\n    # \u5c3e\u9012\u5f52\u8c03\u7528\n    return tail_recur(n - 1, res + n)\n
    recursion.cpp
    /* \u5c3e\u9012\u5f52 */\nint tailRecur(int n, int res) {\n    // \u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6\n    if (n == 0)\n        return res;\n    // \u5c3e\u9012\u5f52\u8c03\u7528\n    return tailRecur(n - 1, res + n);\n}\n
    recursion.java
    /* \u5c3e\u9012\u5f52 */\nint tailRecur(int n, int res) {\n    // \u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6\n    if (n == 0)\n        return res;\n    // \u5c3e\u9012\u5f52\u8c03\u7528\n    return tailRecur(n - 1, res + n);\n}\n
    recursion.cs
    /* \u5c3e\u9012\u5f52 */\nint TailRecur(int n, int res) {\n    // \u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6\n    if (n == 0)\n        return res;\n    // \u5c3e\u9012\u5f52\u8c03\u7528\n    return TailRecur(n - 1, res + n);\n}\n
    recursion.go
    /* \u5c3e\u9012\u5f52 */\nfunc tailRecur(n int, res int) int {\n    // \u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6\n    if n == 0 {\n        return res\n    }\n    // \u5c3e\u9012\u5f52\u8c03\u7528\n    return tailRecur(n-1, res+n)\n}\n
    recursion.swift
    /* \u5c3e\u9012\u5f52 */\nfunc tailRecur(n: Int, res: Int) -> Int {\n    // \u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6\n    if n == 0 {\n        return res\n    }\n    // \u5c3e\u9012\u5f52\u8c03\u7528\n    return tailRecur(n: n - 1, res: res + n)\n}\n
    recursion.js
    /* \u5c3e\u9012\u5f52 */\nfunction tailRecur(n, res) {\n    // \u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6\n    if (n === 0) return res;\n    // \u5c3e\u9012\u5f52\u8c03\u7528\n    return tailRecur(n - 1, res + n);\n}\n
    recursion.ts
    /* \u5c3e\u9012\u5f52 */\nfunction tailRecur(n: number, res: number): number {\n    // \u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6\n    if (n === 0) return res;\n    // \u5c3e\u9012\u5f52\u8c03\u7528\n    return tailRecur(n - 1, res + n);\n}\n
    recursion.dart
    /* \u5c3e\u9012\u5f52 */\nint tailRecur(int n, int res) {\n  // \u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6\n  if (n == 0) return res;\n  // \u5c3e\u9012\u5f52\u8c03\u7528\n  return tailRecur(n - 1, res + n);\n}\n
    recursion.rs
    /* \u5c3e\u9012\u5f52 */\nfn tail_recur(n: i32, res: i32) -> i32 {\n    // \u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6\n    if n == 0 {\n        return res;\n    }\n    // \u5c3e\u9012\u5f52\u8c03\u7528\n    tail_recur(n - 1, res + n)\n}\n
    recursion.c
    /* \u5c3e\u9012\u5f52 */\nint tailRecur(int n, int res) {\n    // \u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6\n    if (n == 0)\n        return res;\n    // \u5c3e\u9012\u5f52\u8c03\u7528\n    return tailRecur(n - 1, res + n);\n}\n
    recursion.zig
    // \u5c3e\u9012\u5f52\u51fd\u6570\nfn tailRecur(n: i32, res: i32) i32 {\n    // \u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6\n    if (n == 0) {\n        return res;\n    }\n    // \u5c3e\u9012\u5f52\u8c03\u7528\n    return tailRecur(n - 1, res + n);\n}\n

    \u5c3e\u9012\u5f52\u7684\u6267\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5982\u56fe 2-5 \u6240\u793a\u3002\u5bf9\u6bd4\u666e\u901a\u9012\u5f52\u548c\u5c3e\u9012\u5f52\uff0c\u4e24\u8005\u7684\u6c42\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6267\u884c\u70b9\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u3002

    • \u666e\u901a\u9012\u5f52\uff1a\u6c42\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u662f\u5728\u201c\u5f52\u201d\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\u7684\uff0c\u6bcf\u5c42\u8fd4\u56de\u540e\u90fd\u8981\u518d\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u6b21\u6c42\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002
    • \u5c3e\u9012\u5f52\uff1a\u6c42\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u662f\u5728\u201c\u9012\u201d\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\u7684\uff0c\u201c\u5f52\u201d\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53ea\u9700\u5c42\u5c42\u8fd4\u56de\u3002

    \u56fe 2-5 \u00a0 \u5c3e\u9012\u5f52\u8fc7\u7a0b

    Tip

    \u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u6216\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u5e76\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u5c3e\u9012\u5f52\u4f18\u5316\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cPython \u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u5c3e\u9012\u5f52\u4f18\u5316\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5373\u4f7f\u51fd\u6570\u662f\u5c3e\u9012\u5f52\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u9047\u5230\u6808\u6ea2\u51fa\u95ee\u9898\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/iteration_and_recursion/#3_1","title":"3. \u00a0 \u9012\u5f52\u6811","text":"

    \u5f53\u5904\u7406\u4e0e\u201c\u5206\u6cbb\u201d\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u95ee\u9898\u65f6\uff0c\u9012\u5f52\u5f80\u5f80\u6bd4\u8fed\u4ee3\u7684\u601d\u8def\u66f4\u52a0\u76f4\u89c2\u3001\u4ee3\u7801\u66f4\u52a0\u6613\u8bfb\u3002\u4ee5\u201c\u6590\u6ce2\u90a3\u5951\u6570\u5217\u201d\u4e3a\u4f8b\u3002

    Question

    \u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6590\u6ce2\u90a3\u5951\u6570\u5217 \\(0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, \\dots\\) \uff0c\u6c42\u8be5\u6570\u5217\u7684\u7b2c \\(n\\) \u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u3002

    \u8bbe\u6590\u6ce2\u90a3\u5951\u6570\u5217\u7684\u7b2c \\(n\\) \u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u4e3a \\(f(n)\\) \uff0c\u6613\u5f97\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ed3\u8bba\u3002

    • \u6570\u5217\u7684\u524d\u4e24\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u4e3a \\(f(1) = 0\\) \u548c \\(f(2) = 1\\) \u3002
    • \u6570\u5217\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u662f\u524d\u4e24\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u548c\uff0c\u5373 \\(f(n) = f(n - 1) + f(n - 2)\\) \u3002

    \u6309\u7167\u9012\u63a8\u5173\u7cfb\u8fdb\u884c\u9012\u5f52\u8c03\u7528\uff0c\u5c06\u524d\u4e24\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u4fbf\u53ef\u5199\u51fa\u9012\u5f52\u4ee3\u7801\u3002\u8c03\u7528 fib(n) \u5373\u53ef\u5f97\u5230\u6590\u6ce2\u90a3\u5951\u6570\u5217\u7684\u7b2c \\(n\\) \u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig recursion.py
    def fib(n: int) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u6590\u6ce2\u90a3\u5951\u6570\u5217\uff1a\u9012\u5f52\"\"\"\n    # \u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6 f(1) = 0, f(2) = 1\n    if n == 1 or n == 2:\n        return n - 1\n    # \u9012\u5f52\u8c03\u7528 f(n) = f(n-1) + f(n-2)\n    res = fib(n - 1) + fib(n - 2)\n    # \u8fd4\u56de\u7ed3\u679c f(n)\n    return res\n
    recursion.cpp
    /* \u6590\u6ce2\u90a3\u5951\u6570\u5217\uff1a\u9012\u5f52 */\nint fib(int n) {\n    // \u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6 f(1) = 0, f(2) = 1\n    if (n == 1 || n == 2)\n        return n - 1;\n    // \u9012\u5f52\u8c03\u7528 f(n) = f(n-1) + f(n-2)\n    int res = fib(n - 1) + fib(n - 2);\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u7ed3\u679c f(n)\n    return res;\n}\n
    recursion.java
    /* \u6590\u6ce2\u90a3\u5951\u6570\u5217\uff1a\u9012\u5f52 */\nint fib(int n) {\n    // \u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6 f(1) = 0, f(2) = 1\n    if (n == 1 || n == 2)\n        return n - 1;\n    // \u9012\u5f52\u8c03\u7528 f(n) = f(n-1) + f(n-2)\n    int res = fib(n - 1) + fib(n - 2);\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u7ed3\u679c f(n)\n    return res;\n}\n
    recursion.cs
    /* \u6590\u6ce2\u90a3\u5951\u6570\u5217\uff1a\u9012\u5f52 */\nint Fib(int n) {\n    // \u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6 f(1) = 0, f(2) = 1\n    if (n == 1 || n == 2)\n        return n - 1;\n    // \u9012\u5f52\u8c03\u7528 f(n) = f(n-1) + f(n-2)\n    int res = Fib(n - 1) + Fib(n - 2);\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u7ed3\u679c f(n)\n    return res;\n}\n
    recursion.go
    /* \u6590\u6ce2\u90a3\u5951\u6570\u5217\uff1a\u9012\u5f52 */\nfunc fib(n int) int {\n    // \u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6 f(1) = 0, f(2) = 1\n    if n == 1 || n == 2 {\n        return n - 1\n    }\n    // \u9012\u5f52\u8c03\u7528 f(n) = f(n-1) + f(n-2)\n    res := fib(n-1) + fib(n-2)\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u7ed3\u679c f(n)\n    return res\n}\n
    recursion.swift
    /* \u6590\u6ce2\u90a3\u5951\u6570\u5217\uff1a\u9012\u5f52 */\nfunc fib(n: Int) -> Int {\n    // \u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6 f(1) = 0, f(2) = 1\n    if n == 1 || n == 2 {\n        return n - 1\n    }\n    // \u9012\u5f52\u8c03\u7528 f(n) = f(n-1) + f(n-2)\n    let res = fib(n: n - 1) + fib(n: n - 2)\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u7ed3\u679c f(n)\n    return res\n}\n
    recursion.js
    /* \u6590\u6ce2\u90a3\u5951\u6570\u5217\uff1a\u9012\u5f52 */\nfunction fib(n) {\n    // \u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6 f(1) = 0, f(2) = 1\n    if (n === 1 || n === 2) return n - 1;\n    // \u9012\u5f52\u8c03\u7528 f(n) = f(n-1) + f(n-2)\n    const res = fib(n - 1) + fib(n - 2);\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u7ed3\u679c f(n)\n    return res;\n}\n
    recursion.ts
    /* \u6590\u6ce2\u90a3\u5951\u6570\u5217\uff1a\u9012\u5f52 */\nfunction fib(n: number): number {\n    // \u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6 f(1) = 0, f(2) = 1\n    if (n === 1 || n === 2) return n - 1;\n    // \u9012\u5f52\u8c03\u7528 f(n) = f(n-1) + f(n-2)\n    const res = fib(n - 1) + fib(n - 2);\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u7ed3\u679c f(n)\n    return res;\n}\n
    recursion.dart
    /* \u6590\u6ce2\u90a3\u5951\u6570\u5217\uff1a\u9012\u5f52 */\nint fib(int n) {\n  // \u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6 f(1) = 0, f(2) = 1\n  if (n == 1 || n == 2) return n - 1;\n  // \u9012\u5f52\u8c03\u7528 f(n) = f(n-1) + f(n-2)\n  int res = fib(n - 1) + fib(n - 2);\n  // \u8fd4\u56de\u7ed3\u679c f(n)\n  return res;\n}\n
    recursion.rs
    /* \u6590\u6ce2\u90a3\u5951\u6570\u5217\uff1a\u9012\u5f52 */\nfn fib(n: i32) -> i32 {\n    // \u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6 f(1) = 0, f(2) = 1\n    if n == 1 || n == 2 {\n        return n - 1;\n    }\n    // \u9012\u5f52\u8c03\u7528 f(n) = f(n-1) + f(n-2)\n    let res = fib(n - 1) + fib(n - 2);\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u7ed3\u679c\n    res\n}\n
    recursion.c
    /* \u6590\u6ce2\u90a3\u5951\u6570\u5217\uff1a\u9012\u5f52 */\nint fib(int n) {\n    // \u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6 f(1) = 0, f(2) = 1\n    if (n == 1 || n == 2)\n        return n - 1;\n    // \u9012\u5f52\u8c03\u7528 f(n) = f(n-1) + f(n-2)\n    int res = fib(n - 1) + fib(n - 2);\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u7ed3\u679c f(n)\n    return res;\n}\n
    recursion.zig
    // \u6590\u6ce2\u90a3\u5951\u6570\u5217\nfn fib(n: i32) i32 {\n    // \u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6 f(1) = 0, f(2) = 1\n    if (n == 1 or n == 2) {\n        return n - 1;\n    }\n    // \u9012\u5f52\u8c03\u7528 f(n) = f(n-1) + f(n-2)\n    var res: i32 = fib(n - 1) + fib(n - 2);\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u7ed3\u679c f(n)\n    return res;\n}\n

    \u89c2\u5bdf\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u51fd\u6570\u5185\u9012\u5f52\u8c03\u7528\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u8c03\u7528\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u8c03\u7528\u5206\u652f\u3002\u5982\u56fe 2-6 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u4e0d\u65ad\u9012\u5f52\u8c03\u7528\u4e0b\u53bb\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u5c06\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u68f5\u5c42\u6570\u4e3a \\(n\\) \u7684\u300c\u9012\u5f52\u6811 recursion tree\u300d\u3002

    \u56fe 2-6 \u00a0 \u6590\u6ce2\u90a3\u5951\u6570\u5217\u7684\u9012\u5f52\u6811

    \u4ece\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c\u9012\u5f52\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u201c\u5c06\u95ee\u9898\u5206\u89e3\u4e3a\u66f4\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u201d\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u8303\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5206\u6cbb\u7b56\u7565\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002

    • \u4ece\u7b97\u6cd5\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u641c\u7d22\u3001\u6392\u5e8f\u3001\u56de\u6eaf\u3001\u5206\u6cbb\u3001\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u7b49\u8bb8\u591a\u91cd\u8981\u7b97\u6cd5\u7b56\u7565\u76f4\u63a5\u6216\u95f4\u63a5\u5730\u5e94\u7528\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u601d\u7ef4\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002
    • \u4ece\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u9012\u5f52\u5929\u7136\u9002\u5408\u5904\u7406\u94fe\u8868\u3001\u6811\u548c\u56fe\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u975e\u5e38\u9002\u5408\u7528\u5206\u6cbb\u601d\u60f3\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u6790\u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/iteration_and_recursion/#223","title":"2.2.3 \u00a0 \u4e24\u8005\u5bf9\u6bd4","text":"

    \u603b\u7ed3\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5982\u8868 2-1 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u8fed\u4ee3\u548c\u9012\u5f52\u5728\u5b9e\u73b0\u3001\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u9002\u7528\u6027\u4e0a\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\u3002

    \u8868 2-1 \u00a0 \u8fed\u4ee3\u4e0e\u9012\u5f52\u7279\u70b9\u5bf9\u6bd4

    \u8fed\u4ee3 \u9012\u5f52 \u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u5f0f \u5faa\u73af\u7ed3\u6784 \u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\u81ea\u8eab \u65f6\u95f4\u6548\u7387 \u6548\u7387\u901a\u5e38\u8f83\u9ad8\uff0c\u65e0\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\u5f00\u9500 \u6bcf\u6b21\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\u90fd\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u5f00\u9500 \u5185\u5b58\u4f7f\u7528 \u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u56fa\u5b9a\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4 \u7d2f\u79ef\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\u53ef\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u6808\u5e27\u7a7a\u95f4 \u9002\u7528\u95ee\u9898 \u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u7b80\u5355\u5faa\u73af\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u4ee3\u7801\u76f4\u89c2\u3001\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u597d \u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u5206\u89e3\uff0c\u5982\u6811\u3001\u56fe\u3001\u5206\u6cbb\u3001\u56de\u6eaf\u7b49\uff0c\u4ee3\u7801\u7ed3\u6784\u7b80\u6d01\u3001\u6e05\u6670

    Tip

    \u5982\u679c\u611f\u89c9\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5185\u5bb9\u7406\u89e3\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u8bfb\u5b8c\u201c\u6808\u201d\u7ae0\u8282\u540e\u518d\u6765\u590d\u4e60\u3002

    \u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u8fed\u4ee3\u548c\u9012\u5f52\u5177\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u5185\u5728\u8054\u7cfb\u5462\uff1f\u4ee5\u4e0a\u8ff0\u9012\u5f52\u51fd\u6570\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u6c42\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u5728\u9012\u5f52\u7684\u201c\u5f52\u201d\u9636\u6bb5\u8fdb\u884c\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6700\u521d\u88ab\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u6700\u540e\u5b8c\u6210\u5176\u6c42\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5de5\u4f5c\u673a\u5236\u4e0e\u6808\u7684\u201c\u5148\u5165\u540e\u51fa\u201d\u539f\u5219\u5f02\u66f2\u540c\u5de5\u3002

    \u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u201c\u8c03\u7528\u6808\u201d\u548c\u201c\u6808\u5e27\u7a7a\u95f4\u201d\u8fd9\u7c7b\u9012\u5f52\u672f\u8bed\u5df2\u7ecf\u6697\u793a\u4e86\u9012\u5f52\u4e0e\u6808\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5bc6\u5207\u5173\u7cfb\u3002

    1. \u9012\uff1a\u5f53\u51fd\u6570\u88ab\u8c03\u7528\u65f6\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u5728\u201c\u8c03\u7528\u6808\u201d\u4e0a\u4e3a\u8be5\u51fd\u6570\u5206\u914d\u65b0\u7684\u6808\u5e27\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u53c2\u6570\u3001\u8fd4\u56de\u5730\u5740\u7b49\u6570\u636e\u3002
    2. \u5f52\uff1a\u5f53\u51fd\u6570\u5b8c\u6210\u6267\u884c\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u65f6\uff0c\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6808\u5e27\u4f1a\u88ab\u4ece\u201c\u8c03\u7528\u6808\u201d\u4e0a\u79fb\u9664\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u4e4b\u524d\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u6267\u884c\u73af\u5883\u3002

    \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u663e\u5f0f\u7684\u6808\u6765\u6a21\u62df\u8c03\u7528\u6808\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5c06\u9012\u5f52\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u8fed\u4ee3\u5f62\u5f0f\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig recursion.py
    def for_loop_recur(n: int) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u4f7f\u7528\u8fed\u4ee3\u6a21\u62df\u9012\u5f52\"\"\"\n    # \u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u663e\u5f0f\u7684\u6808\u6765\u6a21\u62df\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u6808\n    stack = []\n    res = 0\n    # \u9012\uff1a\u9012\u5f52\u8c03\u7528\n    for i in range(n, 0, -1):\n        # \u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u5165\u6808\u64cd\u4f5c\u201d\u6a21\u62df\u201c\u9012\u201d\n        stack.append(i)\n    # \u5f52\uff1a\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed3\u679c\n    while stack:\n        # \u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u51fa\u6808\u64cd\u4f5c\u201d\u6a21\u62df\u201c\u5f52\u201d\n        res += stack.pop()\n    # res = 1+2+3+...+n\n    return res\n
    recursion.cpp
    /* \u4f7f\u7528\u8fed\u4ee3\u6a21\u62df\u9012\u5f52 */\nint forLoopRecur(int n) {\n    // \u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u663e\u5f0f\u7684\u6808\u6765\u6a21\u62df\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u6808\n    stack<int> stack;\n    int res = 0;\n    // \u9012\uff1a\u9012\u5f52\u8c03\u7528\n    for (int i = n; i > 0; i--) {\n        // \u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u5165\u6808\u64cd\u4f5c\u201d\u6a21\u62df\u201c\u9012\u201d\n        stack.push(i);\n    }\n    // \u5f52\uff1a\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed3\u679c\n    while (!stack.empty()) {\n        // \u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u51fa\u6808\u64cd\u4f5c\u201d\u6a21\u62df\u201c\u5f52\u201d\n        res += stack.top();\n        stack.pop();\n    }\n    // res = 1+2+3+...+n\n    return res;\n}\n
    recursion.java
    /* \u4f7f\u7528\u8fed\u4ee3\u6a21\u62df\u9012\u5f52 */\nint forLoopRecur(int n) {\n    // \u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u663e\u5f0f\u7684\u6808\u6765\u6a21\u62df\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u6808\n    Stack<Integer> stack = new Stack<>();\n    int res = 0;\n    // \u9012\uff1a\u9012\u5f52\u8c03\u7528\n    for (int i = n; i > 0; i--) {\n        // \u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u5165\u6808\u64cd\u4f5c\u201d\u6a21\u62df\u201c\u9012\u201d\n        stack.push(i);\n    }\n    // \u5f52\uff1a\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed3\u679c\n    while (!stack.isEmpty()) {\n        // \u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u51fa\u6808\u64cd\u4f5c\u201d\u6a21\u62df\u201c\u5f52\u201d\n        res += stack.pop();\n    }\n    // res = 1+2+3+...+n\n    return res;\n}\n
    recursion.cs
    /* \u4f7f\u7528\u8fed\u4ee3\u6a21\u62df\u9012\u5f52 */\nint ForLoopRecur(int n) {\n    // \u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u663e\u5f0f\u7684\u6808\u6765\u6a21\u62df\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u6808\n    Stack<int> stack = new();\n    int res = 0;\n    // \u9012\uff1a\u9012\u5f52\u8c03\u7528\n    for (int i = n; i > 0; i--) {\n        // \u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u5165\u6808\u64cd\u4f5c\u201d\u6a21\u62df\u201c\u9012\u201d\n        stack.Push(i);\n    }\n    // \u5f52\uff1a\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed3\u679c\n    while (stack.Count > 0) {\n        // \u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u51fa\u6808\u64cd\u4f5c\u201d\u6a21\u62df\u201c\u5f52\u201d\n        res += stack.Pop();\n    }\n    // res = 1+2+3+...+n\n    return res;\n}\n
    recursion.go
    /* \u4f7f\u7528\u8fed\u4ee3\u6a21\u62df\u9012\u5f52 */\nfunc forLoopRecur(n int) int {\n    // \u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u663e\u5f0f\u7684\u6808\u6765\u6a21\u62df\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u6808\n    stack := list.New()\n    res := 0\n    // \u9012\uff1a\u9012\u5f52\u8c03\u7528\n    for i := n; i > 0; i-- {\n        // \u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u5165\u6808\u64cd\u4f5c\u201d\u6a21\u62df\u201c\u9012\u201d\n        stack.PushBack(i)\n    }\n    // \u5f52\uff1a\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed3\u679c\n    for stack.Len() != 0 {\n        // \u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u51fa\u6808\u64cd\u4f5c\u201d\u6a21\u62df\u201c\u5f52\u201d\n        res += stack.Back().Value.(int)\n        stack.Remove(stack.Back())\n    }\n    // res = 1+2+3+...+n\n    return res\n}\n
    recursion.swift
    /* \u4f7f\u7528\u8fed\u4ee3\u6a21\u62df\u9012\u5f52 */\nfunc forLoopRecur(n: Int) -> Int {\n    // \u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u663e\u5f0f\u7684\u6808\u6765\u6a21\u62df\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u6808\n    var stack: [Int] = []\n    var res = 0\n    // \u9012\uff1a\u9012\u5f52\u8c03\u7528\n    for i in stride(from: n, to: 0, by: -1) {\n        // \u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u5165\u6808\u64cd\u4f5c\u201d\u6a21\u62df\u201c\u9012\u201d\n        stack.append(i)\n    }\n    // \u5f52\uff1a\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed3\u679c\n    while !stack.isEmpty {\n        // \u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u51fa\u6808\u64cd\u4f5c\u201d\u6a21\u62df\u201c\u5f52\u201d\n        res += stack.removeLast()\n    }\n    // res = 1+2+3+...+n\n    return res\n}\n
    recursion.js
    /* \u4f7f\u7528\u8fed\u4ee3\u6a21\u62df\u9012\u5f52 */\nfunction forLoopRecur(n) {\n    // \u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u663e\u5f0f\u7684\u6808\u6765\u6a21\u62df\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u6808\n    const stack = [];\n    let res = 0;\n    // \u9012\uff1a\u9012\u5f52\u8c03\u7528\n    for (let i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        // \u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u5165\u6808\u64cd\u4f5c\u201d\u6a21\u62df\u201c\u9012\u201d\n        stack.push(i);\n    }\n    // \u5f52\uff1a\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed3\u679c\n    while (stack.length) { \n        // \u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u51fa\u6808\u64cd\u4f5c\u201d\u6a21\u62df\u201c\u5f52\u201d\n        res += stack.pop();\n    }\n    // res = 1+2+3+...+n\n    return res;\n}\n
    recursion.ts
    /* \u4f7f\u7528\u8fed\u4ee3\u6a21\u62df\u9012\u5f52 */\nfunction forLoopRecur(n: number): number {\n    // \u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u663e\u5f0f\u7684\u6808\u6765\u6a21\u62df\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u6808 \n    const stack: number[] = [];\n    let res: number = 0;\n    // \u9012\uff1a\u9012\u5f52\u8c03\u7528\n    for (let i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        // \u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u5165\u6808\u64cd\u4f5c\u201d\u6a21\u62df\u201c\u9012\u201d\n        stack.push(i);\n    }\n    // \u5f52\uff1a\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed3\u679c\n    while (stack.length) { \n        // \u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u51fa\u6808\u64cd\u4f5c\u201d\u6a21\u62df\u201c\u5f52\u201d\n        res += stack.pop();\n    }\n    // res = 1+2+3+...+n\n    return res;\n}\n
    recursion.dart
    /* \u4f7f\u7528\u8fed\u4ee3\u6a21\u62df\u9012\u5f52 */\nint forLoopRecur(int n) {\n  // \u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u663e\u5f0f\u7684\u6808\u6765\u6a21\u62df\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u6808\n  List<int> stack = [];\n  int res = 0;\n  // \u9012\uff1a\u9012\u5f52\u8c03\u7528\n  for (int i = n; i > 0; i--) {\n    // \u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u5165\u6808\u64cd\u4f5c\u201d\u6a21\u62df\u201c\u9012\u201d\n    stack.add(i);\n  }\n  // \u5f52\uff1a\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed3\u679c\n  while (!stack.isEmpty) {\n    // \u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u51fa\u6808\u64cd\u4f5c\u201d\u6a21\u62df\u201c\u5f52\u201d\n    res += stack.removeLast();\n  }\n  // res = 1+2+3+...+n\n  return res;\n}\n
    recursion.rs
    /* \u4f7f\u7528\u8fed\u4ee3\u6a21\u62df\u9012\u5f52 */\nfn for_loop_recur(n: i32) -> i32 {\n    // \u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u663e\u5f0f\u7684\u6808\u6765\u6a21\u62df\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u6808\n    let mut stack = Vec::new();\n    let mut res = 0;\n    // \u9012\uff1a\u9012\u5f52\u8c03\u7528\n    for i in (1..=n).rev() {\n        // \u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u5165\u6808\u64cd\u4f5c\u201d\u6a21\u62df\u201c\u9012\u201d\n        stack.push(i);\n    }\n    // \u5f52\uff1a\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed3\u679c\n    while !stack.is_empty() {\n        // \u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u51fa\u6808\u64cd\u4f5c\u201d\u6a21\u62df\u201c\u5f52\u201d\n        res += stack.pop().unwrap();\n    }\n    // res = 1+2+3+...+n\n    res\n}\n
    recursion.c
    /* \u4f7f\u7528\u8fed\u4ee3\u6a21\u62df\u9012\u5f52 */\nint forLoopRecur(int n) {\n    int stack[1000]; // \u501f\u52a9\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u6570\u7ec4\u6765\u6a21\u62df\u6808\n    int top = -1;    // \u6808\u9876\u7d22\u5f15\n    int res = 0;\n    // \u9012\uff1a\u9012\u5f52\u8c03\u7528\n    for (int i = n; i > 0; i--) {\n        // \u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u5165\u6808\u64cd\u4f5c\u201d\u6a21\u62df\u201c\u9012\u201d\n        stack[1 + top++] = i;\n    }\n    // \u5f52\uff1a\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed3\u679c\n    while (top >= 0) {\n        // \u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u51fa\u6808\u64cd\u4f5c\u201d\u6a21\u62df\u201c\u5f52\u201d\n        res += stack[top--];\n    }\n    // res = 1+2+3+...+n\n    return res;\n}\n
    recursion.zig
    // \u4f7f\u7528\u8fed\u4ee3\u6a21\u62df\u9012\u5f52\nfn forLoopRecur(comptime n: i32) i32 {\n    // \u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u663e\u5f0f\u7684\u6808\u6765\u6a21\u62df\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u6808\n    var stack: [n]i32 = undefined;\n    var res: i32 = 0;\n    // \u9012\uff1a\u9012\u5f52\u8c03\u7528\n    var i: usize = n;\n    while (i > 0) {\n        stack[i - 1] = @intCast(i);\n        i -= 1;\n    }\n    // \u5f52\uff1a\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed3\u679c\n    var index: usize = n;\n    while (index > 0) {\n        index -= 1;\n        res += stack[index];\n    }\n    // res = 1+2+3+...+n\n    return res;\n}\n

    \u89c2\u5bdf\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u5f53\u9012\u5f52\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u8fed\u4ee3\u540e\uff0c\u4ee3\u7801\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u590d\u6742\u4e86\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fed\u4ee3\u548c\u9012\u5f52\u5728\u5f88\u591a\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e92\u76f8\u8f6c\u5316\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u503c\u5f97\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\uff0c\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e24\u70b9\u539f\u56e0\u3002

    • \u8f6c\u5316\u540e\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u52a0\u96be\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u66f4\u5dee\u3002
    • \u5bf9\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e9b\u590d\u6742\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6a21\u62df\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u6808\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\u975e\u5e38\u56f0\u96be\u3002

    \u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u8fed\u4ee3\u8fd8\u662f\u9012\u5f52\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u7279\u5b9a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u3002\u5728\u7f16\u7a0b\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\uff0c\u6743\u8861\u4e24\u8005\u7684\u4f18\u52a3\u5e76\u6839\u636e\u60c5\u5883\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/performance_evaluation/","title":"2.1 \u00a0 \u7b97\u6cd5\u6548\u7387\u8bc4\u4f30","text":"

    \u5728\u7b97\u6cd5\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5148\u540e\u8ffd\u6c42\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e24\u4e2a\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u3002

    1. \u627e\u5230\u95ee\u9898\u89e3\u6cd5\uff1a\u7b97\u6cd5\u9700\u8981\u5728\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u53ef\u9760\u5730\u6c42\u5f97\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u89e3\u3002
    2. \u5bfb\u6c42\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u6cd5\uff1a\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u591a\u79cd\u89e3\u6cd5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u627e\u5230\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002

    \u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u80fd\u591f\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\uff0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u6548\u7387\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u8861\u91cf\u7b97\u6cd5\u4f18\u52a3\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u8bc4\u4ef7\u6307\u6807\uff0c\u5b83\u5305\u62ec\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ef4\u5ea6\u3002

    • \u65f6\u95f4\u6548\u7387\uff1a\u7b97\u6cd5\u8fd0\u884c\u901f\u5ea6\u7684\u5feb\u6162\u3002
    • \u7a7a\u95f4\u6548\u7387\uff1a\u7b97\u6cd5\u5360\u7528\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u3002

    \u7b80\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u8bbe\u8ba1\u201c\u65e2\u5feb\u53c8\u7701\u201d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002\u800c\u6709\u6548\u5730\u8bc4\u4f30\u7b97\u6cd5\u6548\u7387\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u53ea\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u6211\u4eec\u624d\u80fd\u5c06\u5404\u79cd\u7b97\u6cd5\u8fdb\u884c\u5bf9\u6bd4\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u6307\u5bfc\u7b97\u6cd5\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e0e\u4f18\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002

    \u6548\u7387\u8bc4\u4f30\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e3b\u8981\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u79cd\uff1a\u5b9e\u9645\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3001\u7406\u8bba\u4f30\u7b97\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/performance_evaluation/#211","title":"2.1.1 \u00a0 \u5b9e\u9645\u6d4b\u8bd5","text":"

    \u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u6709\u7b97\u6cd5 A \u548c\u7b97\u6cd5 B \uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u80fd\u89e3\u51b3\u540c\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u6bd4\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u6548\u7387\u3002\u6700\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u627e\u4e00\u53f0\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\uff0c\u8fd0\u884c\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u76d1\u63a7\u8bb0\u5f55\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u5185\u5b58\u5360\u7528\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bc4\u4f30\u65b9\u5f0f\u80fd\u591f\u53cd\u6620\u771f\u5b9e\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u5c40\u9650\u6027\u3002

    \u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u96be\u4ee5\u6392\u9664\u6d4b\u8bd5\u73af\u5883\u7684\u5e72\u6270\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u786c\u4ef6\u914d\u7f6e\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u5728\u67d0\u53f0\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e2d\uff0c\u7b97\u6cd5 A \u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u6bd4\u7b97\u6cd5 B \u77ed\uff1b\u4f46\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u53f0\u914d\u7f6e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5728\u5404\u79cd\u673a\u5668\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u7edf\u8ba1\u5e73\u5747\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e0d\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u3002

    \u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5c55\u5f00\u5b8c\u6574\u6d4b\u8bd5\u975e\u5e38\u8017\u8d39\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u968f\u7740\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u4f1a\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6548\u7387\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u8f83\u5c0f\u65f6\uff0c\u7b97\u6cd5 A \u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u6bd4\u7b97\u6cd5 B \u77ed\uff1b\u800c\u5728\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u8f83\u5927\u65f6\uff0c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7ed3\u679c\u53ef\u80fd\u6070\u6070\u76f8\u53cd\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u5f97\u5230\u6709\u8bf4\u670d\u529b\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5404\u79cd\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u9700\u8981\u8017\u8d39\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u8d44\u6e90\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/performance_evaluation/#212","title":"2.1.2 \u00a0 \u7406\u8bba\u4f30\u7b97","text":"

    \u7531\u4e8e\u5b9e\u9645\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5177\u6709\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u5c40\u9650\u6027\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8003\u8651\u4ec5\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e9b\u8ba1\u7b97\u6765\u8bc4\u4f30\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u6548\u7387\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u4f30\u7b97\u65b9\u6cd5\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u300c\u6e10\u8fd1\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5206\u6790 asymptotic complexity analysis\u300d\uff0c\u7b80\u79f0\u300c\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5206\u6790\u300d\u3002

    \u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5206\u6790\u80fd\u591f\u4f53\u73b0\u7b97\u6cd5\u8fd0\u884c\u6240\u9700\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u8d44\u6e90\u4e0e\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5927\u5c0f\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u5b83\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u968f\u7740\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u6267\u884c\u6240\u9700\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u589e\u957f\u8d8b\u52bf\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b9a\u4e49\u6709\u4e9b\u62d7\u53e3\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u5176\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u4e2a\u91cd\u70b9\u6765\u7406\u89e3\u3002

    • \u201c\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u8d44\u6e90\u201d\u5206\u522b\u5bf9\u5e94\u300c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 time complexity\u300d\u548c\u300c\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 space complexity\u300d\u3002
    • \u201c\u968f\u7740\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u201d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u7b97\u6cd5\u8fd0\u884c\u6548\u7387\u4e0e\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u4f53\u91cf\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002
    • \u201c\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u589e\u957f\u8d8b\u52bf\u201d\u8868\u793a\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5206\u6790\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u6216\u5360\u7528\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u503c\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u65f6\u95f4\u6216\u7a7a\u95f4\u589e\u957f\u7684\u201c\u5feb\u6162\u201d\u3002

    \u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5206\u6790\u514b\u670d\u4e86\u5b9e\u9645\u6d4b\u8bd5\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u5f0a\u7aef\uff0c\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u3002

    • \u5b83\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8e\u6d4b\u8bd5\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u5206\u6790\u7ed3\u679c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6240\u6709\u8fd0\u884c\u5e73\u53f0\u3002
    • \u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f53\u73b0\u4e0d\u540c\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u4e0b\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u5927\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u4e0b\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u6027\u80fd\u3002

    Tip

    \u5982\u679c\u4f60\u4ecd\u5bf9\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u611f\u5230\u56f0\u60d1\uff0c\u65e0\u987b\u62c5\u5fc3\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u5728\u540e\u7eed\u7ae0\u8282\u4e2d\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u3002

    \u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5206\u6790\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u628a\u8bc4\u4f30\u7b97\u6cd5\u6548\u7387\u7684\u201c\u6807\u5c3a\u201d\uff0c\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8861\u91cf\u6267\u884c\u67d0\u4e2a\u7b97\u6cd5\u6240\u9700\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u5bf9\u6bd4\u4e0d\u540c\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6548\u7387\u3002

    \u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u662f\u4e2a\u6570\u5b66\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u521d\u5b66\u8005\u53ef\u80fd\u6bd4\u8f83\u62bd\u8c61\uff0c\u5b66\u4e60\u96be\u5ea6\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u9ad8\u3002\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5206\u6790\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u592a\u9002\u5408\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6700\u5148\u4ecb\u7ecd\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u8ba8\u8bba\u67d0\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u6216\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u65f6\uff0c\u96be\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u8981\u5206\u6790\u5176\u8fd0\u884c\u901f\u5ea6\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5\u3002

    \u7efc\u4e0a\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u4f60\u5728\u6df1\u5165\u5b66\u4e60\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5148\u5bf9\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5206\u6790\u5efa\u7acb\u521d\u6b65\u7684\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u80fd\u591f\u5b8c\u6210\u7b80\u5355\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5206\u6790\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/space_complexity/","title":"2.4 \u00a0 \u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6","text":"

    \u300c\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 space complexity\u300d\u7528\u4e8e\u8861\u91cf\u7b97\u6cd5\u5360\u7528\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u968f\u7740\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u53d8\u5927\u65f6\u7684\u589e\u957f\u8d8b\u52bf\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0e\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u975e\u5e38\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u5c06\u201c\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u201d\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u201c\u5360\u7528\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u201d\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/space_complexity/#241","title":"2.4.1 \u00a0 \u7b97\u6cd5\u76f8\u5173\u7a7a\u95f4","text":"

    \u7b97\u6cd5\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u62ec\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u79cd\u3002

    • \u8f93\u5165\u7a7a\u95f4\uff1a\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u3002
    • \u6682\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\uff1a\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u7b97\u6cd5\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u5bf9\u8c61\u3001\u51fd\u6570\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u7b49\u6570\u636e\u3002
    • \u8f93\u51fa\u7a7a\u95f4\uff1a\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u6570\u636e\u3002

    \u4e00\u822c\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u8303\u56f4\u662f\u201c\u6682\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u201d\u52a0\u4e0a\u201c\u8f93\u51fa\u7a7a\u95f4\u201d\u3002

    \u6682\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\u3002

    • \u6682\u5b58\u6570\u636e\uff1a\u7528\u4e8e\u4fdd\u5b58\u7b97\u6cd5\u8fd0\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u5e38\u91cf\u3001\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u5bf9\u8c61\u7b49\u3002
    • \u6808\u5e27\u7a7a\u95f4\uff1a\u7528\u4e8e\u4fdd\u5b58\u8c03\u7528\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u6570\u636e\u3002\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u6bcf\u6b21\u8c03\u7528\u51fd\u6570\u65f6\u90fd\u4f1a\u5728\u6808\u9876\u90e8\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6808\u5e27\uff0c\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u540e\uff0c\u6808\u5e27\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f1a\u88ab\u91ca\u653e\u3002
    • \u6307\u4ee4\u7a7a\u95f4\uff1a\u7528\u4e8e\u4fdd\u5b58\u7f16\u8bd1\u540e\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u7edf\u8ba1\u4e2d\u901a\u5e38\u5ffd\u7565\u4e0d\u8ba1\u3002

    \u5728\u5206\u6790\u4e00\u6bb5\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u7edf\u8ba1\u6682\u5b58\u6570\u636e\u3001\u6808\u5e27\u7a7a\u95f4\u548c\u8f93\u51fa\u6570\u636e\u4e09\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5982\u56fe 2-15 \u6240\u793a\u3002

    \u56fe 2-15 \u00a0 \u7b97\u6cd5\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u7a7a\u95f4

    \u76f8\u5173\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig 
    class Node:\n    \"\"\"\u7c7b\"\"\"\n    def __init__(self, x: int):\n        self.val: int = x              # \u8282\u70b9\u503c\n        self.next: Node | None = None  # \u6307\u5411\u4e0b\u4e00\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5f15\u7528\n\ndef function() -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u51fd\u6570\"\"\"\n    # \u6267\u884c\u67d0\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c...\n    return 0\n\ndef algorithm(n) -> int:  # \u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\n    A = 0                 # \u6682\u5b58\u6570\u636e\uff08\u5e38\u91cf\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u7528\u5927\u5199\u5b57\u6bcd\u8868\u793a\uff09\n    b = 0                 # \u6682\u5b58\u6570\u636e\uff08\u53d8\u91cf\uff09\n    node = Node(0)        # \u6682\u5b58\u6570\u636e\uff08\u5bf9\u8c61\uff09\n    c = function()        # \u6808\u5e27\u7a7a\u95f4\uff08\u8c03\u7528\u51fd\u6570\uff09\n    return A + b + c      # \u8f93\u51fa\u6570\u636e\n
    /* \u7ed3\u6784\u4f53 */\nstruct Node {\n    int val;\n    Node *next;\n    Node(int x) : val(x), next(nullptr) {}\n};\n\n/* \u51fd\u6570 */\nint func() {\n    // \u6267\u884c\u67d0\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c...\n    return 0;\n}\n\nint algorithm(int n) {        // \u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\n    const int a = 0;          // \u6682\u5b58\u6570\u636e\uff08\u5e38\u91cf\uff09\n    int b = 0;                // \u6682\u5b58\u6570\u636e\uff08\u53d8\u91cf\uff09\n    Node* node = new Node(0); // \u6682\u5b58\u6570\u636e\uff08\u5bf9\u8c61\uff09\n    int c = func();           // \u6808\u5e27\u7a7a\u95f4\uff08\u8c03\u7528\u51fd\u6570\uff09\n    return a + b + c;         // \u8f93\u51fa\u6570\u636e\n}\n
    /* \u7c7b */\nclass Node {\n    int val;\n    Node next;\n    Node(int x) { val = x; }\n}\n\n/* \u51fd\u6570 */\nint function() {\n    // \u6267\u884c\u67d0\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c...\n    return 0;\n}\n\nint algorithm(int n) {        // \u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\n    final int a = 0;          // \u6682\u5b58\u6570\u636e\uff08\u5e38\u91cf\uff09\n    int b = 0;                // \u6682\u5b58\u6570\u636e\uff08\u53d8\u91cf\uff09\n    Node node = new Node(0);  // \u6682\u5b58\u6570\u636e\uff08\u5bf9\u8c61\uff09\n    int c = function();       // \u6808\u5e27\u7a7a\u95f4\uff08\u8c03\u7528\u51fd\u6570\uff09\n    return a + b + c;         // \u8f93\u51fa\u6570\u636e\n}\n
    /* \u7c7b */\nclass Node(int x) {\n    int val = x;\n    Node next;\n}\n\n/* \u51fd\u6570 */\nint Function() {\n    // \u6267\u884c\u67d0\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c...\n    return 0;\n}\n\nint Algorithm(int n) {        // \u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\n    const int a = 0;          // \u6682\u5b58\u6570\u636e\uff08\u5e38\u91cf\uff09\n    int b = 0;                // \u6682\u5b58\u6570\u636e\uff08\u53d8\u91cf\uff09\n    Node node = new(0);       // \u6682\u5b58\u6570\u636e\uff08\u5bf9\u8c61\uff09\n    int c = Function();       // \u6808\u5e27\u7a7a\u95f4\uff08\u8c03\u7528\u51fd\u6570\uff09\n    return a + b + c;         // \u8f93\u51fa\u6570\u636e\n}\n
    /* \u7ed3\u6784\u4f53 */\ntype node struct {\n    val  int\n    next *node\n}\n\n/* \u521b\u5efa node \u7ed3\u6784\u4f53  */\nfunc newNode(val int) *node {\n    return &node{val: val}\n}\n\n/* \u51fd\u6570 */\nfunc function() int {\n    // \u6267\u884c\u67d0\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c...\n    return 0\n}\n\nfunc algorithm(n int) int { // \u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\n    const a = 0             // \u6682\u5b58\u6570\u636e\uff08\u5e38\u91cf\uff09\n    b := 0                  // \u6682\u5b58\u6570\u636e\uff08\u53d8\u91cf\uff09\n    newNode(0)              // \u6682\u5b58\u6570\u636e\uff08\u5bf9\u8c61\uff09\n    c := function()         // \u6808\u5e27\u7a7a\u95f4\uff08\u8c03\u7528\u51fd\u6570\uff09\n    return a + b + c        // \u8f93\u51fa\u6570\u636e\n}\n
    /* \u7c7b */\nclass Node {\n    var val: Int\n    var next: Node?\n\n    init(x: Int) {\n        val = x\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u51fd\u6570 */\nfunc function() -> Int {\n    // \u6267\u884c\u67d0\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c...\n    return 0\n}\n\nfunc algorithm(n: Int) -> Int { // \u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\n    let a = 0             // \u6682\u5b58\u6570\u636e\uff08\u5e38\u91cf\uff09\n    var b = 0             // \u6682\u5b58\u6570\u636e\uff08\u53d8\u91cf\uff09\n    let node = Node(x: 0) // \u6682\u5b58\u6570\u636e\uff08\u5bf9\u8c61\uff09\n    let c = function()    // \u6808\u5e27\u7a7a\u95f4\uff08\u8c03\u7528\u51fd\u6570\uff09\n    return a + b + c      // \u8f93\u51fa\u6570\u636e\n}\n
    /* \u7c7b */\nclass Node {\n    val;\n    next;\n    constructor(val) {\n        this.val = val === undefined ? 0 : val; // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\n        this.next = null;                       // \u6307\u5411\u4e0b\u4e00\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5f15\u7528\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u51fd\u6570 */\nfunction constFunc() {\n    // \u6267\u884c\u67d0\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\n    return 0;\n}\n\nfunction algorithm(n) {       // \u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\n    const a = 0;              // \u6682\u5b58\u6570\u636e\uff08\u5e38\u91cf\uff09\n    let b = 0;                // \u6682\u5b58\u6570\u636e\uff08\u53d8\u91cf\uff09\n    const node = new Node(0); // \u6682\u5b58\u6570\u636e\uff08\u5bf9\u8c61\uff09\n    const c = constFunc();    // \u6808\u5e27\u7a7a\u95f4\uff08\u8c03\u7528\u51fd\u6570\uff09\n    return a + b + c;         // \u8f93\u51fa\u6570\u636e\n}\n
    /* \u7c7b */\nclass Node {\n    val: number;\n    next: Node | null;\n    constructor(val?: number) {\n        this.val = val === undefined ? 0 : val; // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\n        this.next = null;                       // \u6307\u5411\u4e0b\u4e00\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5f15\u7528\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u51fd\u6570 */\nfunction constFunc(): number {\n    // \u6267\u884c\u67d0\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\n    return 0;\n}\n\nfunction algorithm(n: number): number { // \u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\n    const a = 0;                        // \u6682\u5b58\u6570\u636e\uff08\u5e38\u91cf\uff09\n    let b = 0;                          // \u6682\u5b58\u6570\u636e\uff08\u53d8\u91cf\uff09\n    const node = new Node(0);           // \u6682\u5b58\u6570\u636e\uff08\u5bf9\u8c61\uff09\n    const c = constFunc();              // \u6808\u5e27\u7a7a\u95f4\uff08\u8c03\u7528\u51fd\u6570\uff09\n    return a + b + c;                   // \u8f93\u51fa\u6570\u636e\n}\n
    /* \u7c7b */\nclass Node {\n  int val;\n  Node next;\n  Node(this.val, [this.next]);\n}\n\n/* \u51fd\u6570 */\nint function() {\n  // \u6267\u884c\u67d0\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c...\n  return 0;\n}\n\nint algorithm(int n) {  // \u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\n  const int a = 0;      // \u6682\u5b58\u6570\u636e\uff08\u5e38\u91cf\uff09\n  int b = 0;            // \u6682\u5b58\u6570\u636e\uff08\u53d8\u91cf\uff09\n  Node node = Node(0);  // \u6682\u5b58\u6570\u636e\uff08\u5bf9\u8c61\uff09\n  int c = function();   // \u6808\u5e27\u7a7a\u95f4\uff08\u8c03\u7528\u51fd\u6570\uff09\n  return a + b + c;     // \u8f93\u51fa\u6570\u636e\n}\n
    use std::rc::Rc;\nuse std::cell::RefCell;\n\n/* \u7ed3\u6784\u4f53 */\nstruct Node {\n    val: i32,\n    next: Option<Rc<RefCell<Node>>>,\n}\n\n/* \u521b\u5efa Node \u7ed3\u6784\u4f53 */\nimpl Node {\n    fn new(val: i32) -> Self {\n        Self { val: val, next: None }\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u51fd\u6570 */\nfn function() -> i32 {      \n    // \u6267\u884c\u67d0\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c...\n    return 0;\n}\n\nfn algorithm(n: i32) -> i32 {       // \u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\n    const a: i32 = 0;               // \u6682\u5b58\u6570\u636e\uff08\u5e38\u91cf\uff09\n    let mut b = 0;                  // \u6682\u5b58\u6570\u636e\uff08\u53d8\u91cf\uff09\n    let node = Node::new(0);        // \u6682\u5b58\u6570\u636e\uff08\u5bf9\u8c61\uff09\n    let c = function();             // \u6808\u5e27\u7a7a\u95f4\uff08\u8c03\u7528\u51fd\u6570\uff09\n    return a + b + c;               // \u8f93\u51fa\u6570\u636e\n}\n
    /* \u51fd\u6570 */\nint func() {\n    // \u6267\u884c\u67d0\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c...\n    return 0;\n}\n\nint algorithm(int n) { // \u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\n    const int a = 0;   // \u6682\u5b58\u6570\u636e\uff08\u5e38\u91cf\uff09\n    int b = 0;         // \u6682\u5b58\u6570\u636e\uff08\u53d8\u91cf\uff09\n    int c = func();    // \u6808\u5e27\u7a7a\u95f4\uff08\u8c03\u7528\u51fd\u6570\uff09\n    return a + b + c;  // \u8f93\u51fa\u6570\u636e\n}\n
    \n
    "},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/space_complexity/#242","title":"2.4.2 \u00a0 \u63a8\u7b97\u65b9\u6cd5","text":"

    \u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7684\u63a8\u7b97\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0e\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5927\u81f4\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u5c06\u7edf\u8ba1\u5bf9\u8c61\u4ece\u201c\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u91cf\u201d\u8f6c\u4e3a\u201c\u4f7f\u7528\u7a7a\u95f4\u5927\u5c0f\u201d\u3002

    \u800c\u4e0e\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u53ea\u5173\u6ce8\u6700\u5dee\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u662f\u4e00\u9879\u786c\u6027\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u786e\u4fdd\u5728\u6240\u6709\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u4e0b\u90fd\u6709\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u9884\u7559\u3002

    \u89c2\u5bdf\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u6700\u5dee\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u6700\u5dee\u201d\u6709\u4e24\u5c42\u542b\u4e49\u3002

    1. \u4ee5\u6700\u5dee\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u4e3a\u51c6\uff1a\u5f53 \\(n < 10\\) \u65f6\uff0c\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(1)\\) \uff1b\u4f46\u5f53 \\(n > 10\\) \u65f6\uff0c\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7684\u6570\u7ec4 nums \u5360\u7528 \\(O(n)\\) \u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6700\u5dee\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n)\\) \u3002
    2. \u4ee5\u7b97\u6cd5\u8fd0\u884c\u4e2d\u7684\u5cf0\u503c\u5185\u5b58\u4e3a\u51c6\uff1a\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5728\u6267\u884c\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u884c\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5360\u7528 \\(O(1)\\) \u7a7a\u95f4\uff1b\u5f53\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4 nums \u65f6\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5360\u7528 \\(O(n)\\) \u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6700\u5dee\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n)\\) \u3002
    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig 
    def algorithm(n: int):\n    a = 0               # O(1)\n    b = [0] * 10000     # O(1)\n    if n > 10:\n        nums = [0] * n  # O(n)\n
    void algorithm(int n) {\n    int a = 0;               // O(1)\n    vector<int> b(10000);    // O(1)\n    if (n > 10)\n        vector<int> nums(n); // O(n)\n}\n
    void algorithm(int n) {\n    int a = 0;                   // O(1)\n    int[] b = new int[10000];    // O(1)\n    if (n > 10)\n        int[] nums = new int[n]; // O(n)\n}\n
    void Algorithm(int n) {\n    int a = 0;                   // O(1)\n    int[] b = new int[10000];    // O(1)\n    if (n > 10) {\n        int[] nums = new int[n]; // O(n)\n    }\n}\n
    func algorithm(n int) {\n    a := 0                      // O(1)\n    b := make([]int, 10000)     // O(1)\n    var nums []int\n    if n > 10 {\n        nums := make([]int, n)  // O(n)\n    }\n    fmt.Println(a, b, nums)\n}\n
    func algorithm(n: Int) {\n    let a = 0 // O(1)\n    let b = Array(repeating: 0, count: 10000) // O(1)\n    if n > 10 {\n        let nums = Array(repeating: 0, count: n) // O(n)\n    }\n}\n
    function algorithm(n) {\n    const a = 0;                   // O(1)\n    const b = new Array(10000);    // O(1)\n    if (n > 10) {\n        const nums = new Array(n); // O(n)\n    }\n}\n
    function algorithm(n: number): void {\n    const a = 0;                   // O(1)\n    const b = new Array(10000);    // O(1)\n    if (n > 10) {\n        const nums = new Array(n); // O(n)\n    }\n}\n
    void algorithm(int n) {\n  int a = 0;                            // O(1)\n  List<int> b = List.filled(10000, 0);  // O(1)\n  if (n > 10) {\n    List<int> nums = List.filled(n, 0); // O(n)\n  }\n}\n
    fn algorithm(n: i32) {\n    let a = 0;                              // O(1)\n    let b = [0; 10000];                     // O(1)\n    if n > 10 {\n        let nums = vec![0; n as usize];     // O(n)\n    }\n}\n
    void algorithm(int n) {\n    int a = 0;               // O(1)\n    int b[10000];            // O(1)\n    if (n > 10)\n        int nums[n] = {0};   // O(n)\n}\n
    \n

    \u5728\u9012\u5f52\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7edf\u8ba1\u6808\u5e27\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u89c2\u5bdf\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig 
    def function() -> int:\n    # \u6267\u884c\u67d0\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\n    return 0\n\ndef loop(n: int):\n    \"\"\"\u5faa\u73af\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a O(1)\"\"\"\n    for _ in range(n):\n        function()\n\ndef recur(n: int) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u9012\u5f52\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a O(n)\"\"\"\n    if n == 1: return\n    return recur(n - 1)\n
    int func() {\n    // \u6267\u884c\u67d0\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\n    return 0;\n}\n/* \u5faa\u73af O(1) */\nvoid loop(int n) {\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        func();\n    }\n}\n/* \u9012\u5f52 O(n) */\nvoid recur(int n) {\n    if (n == 1) return;\n    return recur(n - 1);\n}\n
    int function() {\n    // \u6267\u884c\u67d0\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\n    return 0;\n}\n/* \u5faa\u73af O(1) */\nvoid loop(int n) {\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        function();\n    }\n}\n/* \u9012\u5f52 O(n) */\nvoid recur(int n) {\n    if (n == 1) return;\n    return recur(n - 1);\n}\n
    int Function() {\n    // \u6267\u884c\u67d0\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\n    return 0;\n}\n/* \u5faa\u73af O(1) */\nvoid Loop(int n) {\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        Function();\n    }\n}\n/* \u9012\u5f52 O(n) */\nint Recur(int n) {\n    if (n == 1) return 1;\n    return Recur(n - 1);\n}\n
    func function() int {\n    // \u6267\u884c\u67d0\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\n    return 0\n}\n\n/* \u5faa\u73af O(1) */\nfunc loop(n int) {\n    for i := 0; i < n; i++ {\n        function()\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u9012\u5f52 O(n) */\nfunc recur(n int) {\n    if n == 1 {\n        return\n    }\n    recur(n - 1)\n}\n
    @discardableResult\nfunc function() -> Int {\n    // \u6267\u884c\u67d0\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\n    return 0\n}\n\n/* \u5faa\u73af O(1) */\nfunc loop(n: Int) {\n    for _ in 0 ..< n {\n        function()\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u9012\u5f52 O(n) */\nfunc recur(n: Int) {\n    if n == 1 {\n        return\n    }\n    recur(n: n - 1)\n}\n
    function constFunc() {\n    // \u6267\u884c\u67d0\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\n    return 0;\n}\n/* \u5faa\u73af O(1) */\nfunction loop(n) {\n    for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        constFunc();\n    }\n}\n/* \u9012\u5f52 O(n) */\nfunction recur(n) {\n    if (n === 1) return;\n    return recur(n - 1);\n}\n
    function constFunc(): number {\n    // \u6267\u884c\u67d0\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\n    return 0;\n}\n/* \u5faa\u73af O(1) */\nfunction loop(n: number): void {\n    for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        constFunc();\n    }\n}\n/* \u9012\u5f52 O(n) */\nfunction recur(n: number): void {\n    if (n === 1) return;\n    return recur(n - 1);\n}\n
    int function() {\n  // \u6267\u884c\u67d0\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\n  return 0;\n}\n/* \u5faa\u73af O(1) */\nvoid loop(int n) {\n  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n    function();\n  }\n}\n/* \u9012\u5f52 O(n) */\nvoid recur(int n) {\n  if (n == 1) return;\n  return recur(n - 1);\n}\n
    fn function() -> i32 {\n    // \u6267\u884c\u67d0\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\n    return 0;\n}\n/* \u5faa\u73af O(1) */\nfn loop(n: i32) {\n    for i in 0..n {\n        function();\n    }\n}\n/* \u9012\u5f52 O(n) */\nvoid recur(n: i32) {\n    if n == 1 {\n        return;\n    }\n    recur(n - 1);\n}\n
    int func() {\n    // \u6267\u884c\u67d0\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\n    return 0;\n}\n/* \u5faa\u73af O(1) */\nvoid loop(int n) {\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        func();\n    }\n}\n/* \u9012\u5f52 O(n) */\nvoid recur(int n) {\n    if (n == 1) return;\n    return recur(n - 1);\n}\n
    \n

    \u51fd\u6570 loop() \u548c recur() \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u90fd\u4e3a \\(O(n)\\) \uff0c\u4f46\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e0d\u540c\u3002

    • \u51fd\u6570 loop() \u5728\u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u8c03\u7528\u4e86 \\(n\\) \u6b21 function() \uff0c\u6bcf\u8f6e\u4e2d\u7684 function() \u90fd\u8fd4\u56de\u5e76\u91ca\u653e\u4e86\u6808\u5e27\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4ecd\u4e3a \\(O(1)\\) \u3002
    • \u9012\u5f52\u51fd\u6570 recur() \u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4f1a\u540c\u65f6\u5b58\u5728 \\(n\\) \u4e2a\u672a\u8fd4\u56de\u7684 recur() \uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5360\u7528 \\(O(n)\\) \u7684\u6808\u5e27\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/space_complexity/#243","title":"2.4.3 \u00a0 \u5e38\u89c1\u7c7b\u578b","text":"

    \u8bbe\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5927\u5c0f\u4e3a \\(n\\) \uff0c\u56fe 2-16 \u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7c7b\u578b\uff08\u4ece\u4f4e\u5230\u9ad8\u6392\u5217\uff09\u3002

    \\[ \\begin{aligned} O(1) < O(\\log n) < O(n) < O(n^2) < O(2^n) \\newline \\text{\u5e38\u6570\u9636} < \\text{\u5bf9\u6570\u9636} < \\text{\u7ebf\u6027\u9636} < \\text{\u5e73\u65b9\u9636} < \\text{\u6307\u6570\u9636} \\end{aligned} \\]

    \u56fe 2-16 \u00a0 \u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7c7b\u578b

    "},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/space_complexity/#1-o1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u5e38\u6570\u9636 \\(O(1)\\)","text":"

    \u5e38\u6570\u9636\u5e38\u89c1\u4e8e\u6570\u91cf\u4e0e\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5927\u5c0f \\(n\\) \u65e0\u5173\u7684\u5e38\u91cf\u3001\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002

    \u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53d8\u91cf\u6216\u8c03\u7528\u51fd\u6570\u800c\u5360\u7528\u7684\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u5728\u8fdb\u5165\u4e0b\u4e00\u5faa\u73af\u540e\u5c31\u4f1a\u88ab\u91ca\u653e\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u4f1a\u7d2f\u79ef\u5360\u7528\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4ecd\u4e3a \\(O(1)\\) \uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig space_complexity.py
    def function() -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u51fd\u6570\"\"\"\n    # \u6267\u884c\u67d0\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\n    return 0\n\ndef constant(n: int):\n    \"\"\"\u5e38\u6570\u9636\"\"\"\n    # \u5e38\u91cf\u3001\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u5bf9\u8c61\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    a = 0\n    nums = [0] * 10000\n    node = ListNode(0)\n    # \u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    for _ in range(n):\n        c = 0\n    # \u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    for _ in range(n):\n        function()\n
    space_complexity.cpp
    /* \u51fd\u6570 */\nint func() {\n    // \u6267\u884c\u67d0\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\n    return 0;\n}\n\n/* \u5e38\u6570\u9636 */\nvoid constant(int n) {\n    // \u5e38\u91cf\u3001\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u5bf9\u8c61\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    const int a = 0;\n    int b = 0;\n    vector<int> nums(10000);\n    ListNode node(0);\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        int c = 0;\n    }\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        func();\n    }\n}\n
    space_complexity.java
    /* \u51fd\u6570 */\nint function() {\n    // \u6267\u884c\u67d0\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\n    return 0;\n}\n\n/* \u5e38\u6570\u9636 */\nvoid constant(int n) {\n    // \u5e38\u91cf\u3001\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u5bf9\u8c61\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    final int a = 0;\n    int b = 0;\n    int[] nums = new int[10000];\n    ListNode node = new ListNode(0);\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        int c = 0;\n    }\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        function();\n    }\n}\n
    space_complexity.cs
    /* \u51fd\u6570 */\nint Function() {\n    // \u6267\u884c\u67d0\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\n    return 0;\n}\n\n/* \u5e38\u6570\u9636 */\nvoid Constant(int n) {\n    // \u5e38\u91cf\u3001\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u5bf9\u8c61\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    int a = 0;\n    int b = 0;\n    int[] nums = new int[10000];\n    ListNode node = new(0);\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        int c = 0;\n    }\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        Function();\n    }\n}\n
    space_complexity.go
    /* \u51fd\u6570 */\nfunc function() int {\n    // \u6267\u884c\u67d0\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c...\n    return 0\n}\n\n/* \u5e38\u6570\u9636 */\nfunc spaceConstant(n int) {\n    // \u5e38\u91cf\u3001\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u5bf9\u8c61\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    const a = 0\n    b := 0\n    nums := make([]int, 10000)\n    ListNode := newNode(0)\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    var c int\n    for i := 0; i < n; i++ {\n        c = 0\n    }\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    for i := 0; i < n; i++ {\n        function()\n    }\n    fmt.Println(a, b, nums, c, ListNode)\n}\n
    space_complexity.swift
    /* \u51fd\u6570 */\n@discardableResult\nfunc function() -> Int {\n    // \u6267\u884c\u67d0\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\n    return 0\n}\n\n/* \u5e38\u6570\u9636 */\nfunc constant(n: Int) {\n    // \u5e38\u91cf\u3001\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u5bf9\u8c61\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    let a = 0\n    var b = 0\n    let nums = Array(repeating: 0, count: 10000)\n    let node = ListNode(x: 0)\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    for _ in 0 ..< n {\n        let c = 0\n    }\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    for _ in 0 ..< n {\n        function()\n    }\n}\n
    space_complexity.js
    /* \u51fd\u6570 */\nfunction constFunc() {\n    // \u6267\u884c\u67d0\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\n    return 0;\n}\n\n/* \u5e38\u6570\u9636 */\nfunction constant(n) {\n    // \u5e38\u91cf\u3001\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u5bf9\u8c61\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    const a = 0;\n    const b = 0;\n    const nums = new Array(10000);\n    const node = new ListNode(0);\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        const c = 0;\n    }\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        constFunc();\n    }\n}\n
    space_complexity.ts
    /* \u51fd\u6570 */\nfunction constFunc(): number {\n    // \u6267\u884c\u67d0\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\n    return 0;\n}\n\n/* \u5e38\u6570\u9636 */\nfunction constant(n: number): void {\n    // \u5e38\u91cf\u3001\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u5bf9\u8c61\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    const a = 0;\n    const b = 0;\n    const nums = new Array(10000);\n    const node = new ListNode(0);\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        const c = 0;\n    }\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        constFunc();\n    }\n}\n
    space_complexity.dart
    /* \u51fd\u6570 */\nint function() {\n  // \u6267\u884c\u67d0\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\n  return 0;\n}\n\n/* \u5e38\u6570\u9636 */\nvoid constant(int n) {\n  // \u5e38\u91cf\u3001\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u5bf9\u8c61\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\n  final int a = 0;\n  int b = 0;\n  List<int> nums = List.filled(10000, 0);\n  ListNode node = ListNode(0);\n  // \u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\n  for (var i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n    int c = 0;\n  }\n  // \u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\n  for (var i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n    function();\n  }\n}\n
    space_complexity.rs
    /* \u51fd\u6570 */\nfn function() ->i32 {\n    // \u6267\u884c\u67d0\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\n    return 0;\n}\n\n/* \u5e38\u6570\u9636 */\n#[allow(unused)]\nfn constant(n: i32) {\n    // \u5e38\u91cf\u3001\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u5bf9\u8c61\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    const A: i32 = 0;\n    let b = 0;\n    let nums = vec![0; 10000];\n    let node = ListNode::new(0);\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    for i in 0..n {\n        let c = 0;\n    }\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    for i in 0..n {\n        function();\n    }\n}\n
    space_complexity.c
    /* \u51fd\u6570 */\nint func() {\n    // \u6267\u884c\u67d0\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\n    return 0;\n}\n\n/* \u5e38\u6570\u9636 */\nvoid constant(int n) {\n    // \u5e38\u91cf\u3001\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u5bf9\u8c61\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    const int a = 0;\n    int b = 0;\n    int nums[1000];\n    ListNode *node = newListNode(0);\n    free(node);\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        int c = 0;\n    }\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        func();\n    }\n}\n
    space_complexity.zig
    // \u51fd\u6570\nfn function() i32 {\n    // \u6267\u884c\u67d0\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\n    return 0;\n}\n\n// \u5e38\u6570\u9636\nfn constant(n: i32) void {\n    // \u5e38\u91cf\u3001\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u5bf9\u8c61\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    const a: i32 = 0;\n    var b: i32 = 0;\n    var nums = [_]i32{0}**10000;\n    var node = inc.ListNode(i32){.val = 0};\n    var i: i32 = 0;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    while (i < n) : (i += 1) {\n        var c: i32 = 0;\n        _ = c;\n    }\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u5360\u7528 O(1) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    i = 0;\n    while (i < n) : (i += 1) {\n        _ = function();\n    }\n    _ = a;\n    _ = b;\n    _ = nums;\n    _ = node;\n}\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/space_complexity/#2-on","title":"2. \u00a0 \u7ebf\u6027\u9636 \\(O(n)\\)","text":"

    \u7ebf\u6027\u9636\u5e38\u89c1\u4e8e\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u4e0e \\(n\\) \u6210\u6b63\u6bd4\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u94fe\u8868\u3001\u6808\u3001\u961f\u5217\u7b49\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig space_complexity.py
    def linear(n: int):\n    \"\"\"\u7ebf\u6027\u9636\"\"\"\n    # \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u5217\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    nums = [0] * n\n    # \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    hmap = dict[int, str]()\n    for i in range(n):\n        hmap[i] = str(i)\n
    space_complexity.cpp
    /* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636 */\nvoid linear(int n) {\n    // \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    vector<int> nums(n);\n    // \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u5217\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    vector<ListNode> nodes;\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        nodes.push_back(ListNode(i));\n    }\n    // \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    unordered_map<int, string> map;\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        map[i] = to_string(i);\n    }\n}\n
    space_complexity.java
    /* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636 */\nvoid linear(int n) {\n    // \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    int[] nums = new int[n];\n    // \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u5217\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    List<ListNode> nodes = new ArrayList<>();\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        nodes.add(new ListNode(i));\n    }\n    // \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    Map<Integer, String> map = new HashMap<>();\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        map.put(i, String.valueOf(i));\n    }\n}\n
    space_complexity.cs
    /* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636 */\nvoid Linear(int n) {\n    // \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    int[] nums = new int[n];\n    // \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u5217\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    List<ListNode> nodes = [];\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        nodes.Add(new ListNode(i));\n    }\n    // \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    Dictionary<int, string> map = [];\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        map.Add(i, i.ToString());\n    }\n}\n
    space_complexity.go
    /* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636 */\nfunc spaceLinear(n int) {\n    // \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    _ = make([]int, n)\n    // \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u5217\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    var nodes []*node\n    for i := 0; i < n; i++ {\n        nodes = append(nodes, newNode(i))\n    }\n    // \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    m := make(map[int]string, n)\n    for i := 0; i < n; i++ {\n        m[i] = strconv.Itoa(i)\n    }\n}\n
    space_complexity.swift
    /* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636 */\nfunc linear(n: Int) {\n    // \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    let nums = Array(repeating: 0, count: n)\n    // \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u5217\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    let nodes = (0 ..< n).map { ListNode(x: $0) }\n    // \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    let map = Dictionary(uniqueKeysWithValues: (0 ..< n).map { ($0, \"\\($0)\") })\n}\n
    space_complexity.js
    /* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636 */\nfunction linear(n) {\n    // \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    const nums = new Array(n);\n    // \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u5217\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    const nodes = [];\n    for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        nodes.push(new ListNode(i));\n    }\n    // \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    const map = new Map();\n    for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        map.set(i, i.toString());\n    }\n}\n
    space_complexity.ts
    /* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636 */\nfunction linear(n: number): void {\n    // \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    const nums = new Array(n);\n    // \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u5217\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    const nodes: ListNode[] = [];\n    for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        nodes.push(new ListNode(i));\n    }\n    // \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    const map = new Map();\n    for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        map.set(i, i.toString());\n    }\n}\n
    space_complexity.dart
    /* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636 */\nvoid linear(int n) {\n  // \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\n  List<int> nums = List.filled(n, 0);\n  // \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u5217\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\n  List<ListNode> nodes = [];\n  for (var i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n    nodes.add(ListNode(i));\n  }\n  // \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\n  Map<int, String> map = HashMap();\n  for (var i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n    map.putIfAbsent(i, () => i.toString());\n  }\n}\n
    space_complexity.rs
    /* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636 */\n#[allow(unused)]\nfn linear(n: i32) {\n    // \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    let mut nums = vec![0; n as usize];\n    // \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u5217\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    let mut nodes = Vec::new();\n    for i in 0..n {\n        nodes.push(ListNode::new(i))\n    }\n    // \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    let mut map = HashMap::new();\n    for i in 0..n {\n        map.insert(i, i.to_string());\n    }\n}\n
    space_complexity.c
    /* \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\ntypedef struct {\n    int key;\n    int val;\n    UT_hash_handle hh; // \u57fa\u4e8e uthash.h \u5b9e\u73b0\n} HashTable;\n\n/* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636 */\nvoid linear(int n) {\n    // \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    int *nums = malloc(sizeof(int) * n);\n    free(nums);\n\n    // \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u5217\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    ListNode **nodes = malloc(sizeof(ListNode *) * n);\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        nodes[i] = newListNode(i);\n    }\n    // \u5185\u5b58\u91ca\u653e\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        free(nodes[i]);\n    }\n    free(nodes);\n\n    // \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    HashTable *h = NULL;\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        HashTable *tmp = malloc(sizeof(HashTable));\n        tmp->key = i;\n        tmp->val = i;\n        HASH_ADD_INT(h, key, tmp);\n    }\n\n    // \u5185\u5b58\u91ca\u653e\n    HashTable *curr, *tmp;\n    HASH_ITER(hh, h, curr, tmp) {\n        HASH_DEL(h, curr);\n        free(curr);\n    }\n}\n
    space_complexity.zig
    // \u7ebf\u6027\u9636\nfn linear(comptime n: i32) !void {\n    // \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    var nums = [_]i32{0}**n;\n    // \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u5217\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    var nodes = std.ArrayList(i32).init(std.heap.page_allocator);\n    defer nodes.deinit();\n    var i: i32 = 0;\n    while (i < n) : (i += 1) {\n        try nodes.append(i);\n    }\n    // \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    var map = std.AutoArrayHashMap(i32, []const u8).init(std.heap.page_allocator);\n    defer map.deinit();\n    var j: i32 = 0;\n    while (j < n) : (j += 1) {\n        const string = try std.fmt.allocPrint(std.heap.page_allocator, \"{d}\", .{j});\n        defer std.heap.page_allocator.free(string);\n        try map.put(i, string);\n    }\n    _ = nums;\n}\n

    \u5982\u56fe 2-17 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u6b64\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u9012\u5f52\u6df1\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(n\\) \uff0c\u5373\u540c\u65f6\u5b58\u5728 \\(n\\) \u4e2a\u672a\u8fd4\u56de\u7684 linear_recur() \u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(n)\\) \u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u6808\u5e27\u7a7a\u95f4\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig space_complexity.py
    def linear_recur(n: int):\n    \"\"\"\u7ebf\u6027\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09\"\"\"\n    print(\"\u9012\u5f52 n =\", n)\n    if n == 1:\n        return\n    linear_recur(n - 1)\n
    space_complexity.cpp
    /* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nvoid linearRecur(int n) {\n    cout << \"\u9012\u5f52 n = \" << n << endl;\n    if (n == 1)\n        return;\n    linearRecur(n - 1);\n}\n
    space_complexity.java
    /* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nvoid linearRecur(int n) {\n    System.out.println(\"\u9012\u5f52 n = \" + n);\n    if (n == 1)\n        return;\n    linearRecur(n - 1);\n}\n
    space_complexity.cs
    /* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nvoid LinearRecur(int n) {\n    Console.WriteLine(\"\u9012\u5f52 n = \" + n);\n    if (n == 1) return;\n    LinearRecur(n - 1);\n}\n
    space_complexity.go
    /* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nfunc spaceLinearRecur(n int) {\n    fmt.Println(\"\u9012\u5f52 n =\", n)\n    if n == 1 {\n        return\n    }\n    spaceLinearRecur(n - 1)\n}\n
    space_complexity.swift
    /* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nfunc linearRecur(n: Int) {\n    print(\"\u9012\u5f52 n = \\(n)\")\n    if n == 1 {\n        return\n    }\n    linearRecur(n: n - 1)\n}\n
    space_complexity.js
    /* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nfunction linearRecur(n) {\n    console.log(`\u9012\u5f52 n = ${n}`);\n    if (n === 1) return;\n    linearRecur(n - 1);\n}\n
    space_complexity.ts
    /* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nfunction linearRecur(n: number): void {\n    console.log(`\u9012\u5f52 n = ${n}`);\n    if (n === 1) return;\n    linearRecur(n - 1);\n}\n
    space_complexity.dart
    /* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nvoid linearRecur(int n) {\n  print('\u9012\u5f52 n = $n');\n  if (n == 1) return;\n  linearRecur(n - 1);\n}\n
    space_complexity.rs
    /* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nfn linear_recur(n: i32) {\n    println!(\"\u9012\u5f52 n = {}\", n);\n    if n == 1 {return};\n    linear_recur(n - 1);\n}\n
    space_complexity.c
    /* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nvoid linearRecur(int n) {\n    printf(\"\u9012\u5f52 n = %d\\r\\n\", n);\n    if (n == 1)\n        return;\n    linearRecur(n - 1);\n}\n
    space_complexity.zig
    // \u7ebf\u6027\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09\nfn linearRecur(comptime n: i32) void {\n    std.debug.print(\"\u9012\u5f52 n = {}\\n\", .{n});\n    if (n == 1) return;\n    linearRecur(n - 1);\n}\n

    \u56fe 2-17 \u00a0 \u9012\u5f52\u51fd\u6570\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u7ebf\u6027\u9636\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6

    "},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/space_complexity/#3-on2","title":"3. \u00a0 \u5e73\u65b9\u9636 \\(O(n^2)\\)","text":"

    \u5e73\u65b9\u9636\u5e38\u89c1\u4e8e\u77e9\u9635\u548c\u56fe\uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u4e0e \\(n\\) \u6210\u5e73\u65b9\u5173\u7cfb\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig space_complexity.py
    def quadratic(n: int):\n    \"\"\"\u5e73\u65b9\u9636\"\"\"\n    # \u4e8c\u7ef4\u5217\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n^2) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    num_matrix = [[0] * n for _ in range(n)]\n
    space_complexity.cpp
    /* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636 */\nvoid quadratic(int n) {\n    // \u4e8c\u7ef4\u5217\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n^2) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    vector<vector<int>> numMatrix;\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        vector<int> tmp;\n        for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {\n            tmp.push_back(0);\n        }\n        numMatrix.push_back(tmp);\n    }\n}\n
    space_complexity.java
    /* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636 */\nvoid quadratic(int n) {\n    // \u77e9\u9635\u5360\u7528 O(n^2) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    int[][] numMatrix = new int[n][n];\n    // \u4e8c\u7ef4\u5217\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n^2) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    List<List<Integer>> numList = new ArrayList<>();\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        List<Integer> tmp = new ArrayList<>();\n        for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {\n            tmp.add(0);\n        }\n        numList.add(tmp);\n    }\n}\n
    space_complexity.cs
    /* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636 */\nvoid Quadratic(int n) {\n    // \u77e9\u9635\u5360\u7528 O(n^2) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    int[,] numMatrix = new int[n, n];\n    // \u4e8c\u7ef4\u5217\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n^2) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    List<List<int>> numList = [];\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        List<int> tmp = [];\n        for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {\n            tmp.Add(0);\n        }\n        numList.Add(tmp);\n    }\n}\n
    space_complexity.go
    /* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636 */\nfunc spaceQuadratic(n int) {\n    // \u77e9\u9635\u5360\u7528 O(n^2) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    numMatrix := make([][]int, n)\n    for i := 0; i < n; i++ {\n        numMatrix[i] = make([]int, n)\n    }\n}\n
    space_complexity.swift
    /* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636 */\nfunc quadratic(n: Int) {\n    // \u4e8c\u7ef4\u5217\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n^2) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    let numList = Array(repeating: Array(repeating: 0, count: n), count: n)\n}\n
    space_complexity.js
    /* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636 */\nfunction quadratic(n) {\n    // \u77e9\u9635\u5360\u7528 O(n^2) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    const numMatrix = Array(n)\n        .fill(null)\n        .map(() => Array(n).fill(null));\n    // \u4e8c\u7ef4\u5217\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n^2) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    const numList = [];\n    for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        const tmp = [];\n        for (let j = 0; j < n; j++) {\n            tmp.push(0);\n        }\n        numList.push(tmp);\n    }\n}\n
    space_complexity.ts
    /* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636 */\nfunction quadratic(n: number): void {\n    // \u77e9\u9635\u5360\u7528 O(n^2) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    const numMatrix = Array(n)\n        .fill(null)\n        .map(() => Array(n).fill(null));\n    // \u4e8c\u7ef4\u5217\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n^2) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    const numList = [];\n    for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        const tmp = [];\n        for (let j = 0; j < n; j++) {\n            tmp.push(0);\n        }\n        numList.push(tmp);\n    }\n}\n
    space_complexity.dart
    /* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636 */\nvoid quadratic(int n) {\n  // \u77e9\u9635\u5360\u7528 O(n^2) \u7a7a\u95f4\n  List<List<int>> numMatrix = List.generate(n, (_) => List.filled(n, 0));\n  // \u4e8c\u7ef4\u5217\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n^2) \u7a7a\u95f4\n  List<List<int>> numList = [];\n  for (var i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n    List<int> tmp = [];\n    for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {\n      tmp.add(0);\n    }\n    numList.add(tmp);\n  }\n}\n
    space_complexity.rs
    /* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636 */\n#[allow(unused)]\nfn quadratic(n: i32) {\n    // \u77e9\u9635\u5360\u7528 O(n^2) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    let num_matrix = vec![vec![0; n as usize]; n as usize];\n    // \u4e8c\u7ef4\u5217\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n^2) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    let mut num_list = Vec::new();\n    for i in 0..n {\n        let mut tmp = Vec::new();\n        for j in 0..n {\n            tmp.push(0);\n        }\n        num_list.push(tmp);\n    }\n}\n
    space_complexity.c
    /* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636 */\nvoid quadratic(int n) {\n    // \u4e8c\u7ef4\u5217\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n^2) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    int **numMatrix = malloc(sizeof(int *) * n);\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        int *tmp = malloc(sizeof(int) * n);\n        for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {\n            tmp[j] = 0;\n        }\n        numMatrix[i] = tmp;\n    }\n\n    // \u5185\u5b58\u91ca\u653e\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        free(numMatrix[i]);\n    }\n    free(numMatrix);\n}\n
    space_complexity.zig
    // \u5e73\u65b9\u9636\nfn quadratic(n: i32) !void {\n    // \u4e8c\u7ef4\u5217\u8868\u5360\u7528 O(n^2) \u7a7a\u95f4\n    var nodes = std.ArrayList(std.ArrayList(i32)).init(std.heap.page_allocator);\n    defer nodes.deinit();\n    var i: i32 = 0;\n    while (i < n) : (i += 1) {\n        var tmp = std.ArrayList(i32).init(std.heap.page_allocator);\n        defer tmp.deinit();\n        var j: i32 = 0;\n        while (j < n) : (j += 1) {\n            try tmp.append(0);\n        }\n        try nodes.append(tmp);\n    }\n}\n

    \u5982\u56fe 2-18 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u8be5\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u9012\u5f52\u6df1\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(n\\) \uff0c\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u9012\u5f52\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u90fd\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u957f\u5ea6\u5206\u522b\u4e3a \\(n\\)\u3001\\(n-1\\)\u3001\\(\\dots\\)\u3001\\(2\\)\u3001\\(1\\) \uff0c\u5e73\u5747\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(n / 2\\) \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u603b\u4f53\u5360\u7528 \\(O(n^2)\\) \u7a7a\u95f4\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig space_complexity.py
    def quadratic_recur(n: int) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u5e73\u65b9\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09\"\"\"\n    if n <= 0:\n        return 0\n    # \u6570\u7ec4 nums \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n, n-1, ..., 2, 1\n    nums = [0] * n\n    return quadratic_recur(n - 1)\n
    space_complexity.cpp
    /* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nint quadraticRecur(int n) {\n    if (n <= 0)\n        return 0;\n    vector<int> nums(n);\n    cout << \"\u9012\u5f52 n = \" << n << \" \u4e2d\u7684 nums \u957f\u5ea6 = \" << nums.size() << endl;\n    return quadraticRecur(n - 1);\n}\n
    space_complexity.java
    /* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nint quadraticRecur(int n) {\n    if (n <= 0)\n        return 0;\n    // \u6570\u7ec4 nums \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n, n-1, ..., 2, 1\n    int[] nums = new int[n];\n    System.out.println(\"\u9012\u5f52 n = \" + n + \" \u4e2d\u7684 nums \u957f\u5ea6 = \" + nums.length);\n    return quadraticRecur(n - 1);\n}\n
    space_complexity.cs
    /* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nint QuadraticRecur(int n) {\n    if (n <= 0) return 0;\n    int[] nums = new int[n];\n    Console.WriteLine(\"\u9012\u5f52 n = \" + n + \" \u4e2d\u7684 nums \u957f\u5ea6 = \" + nums.Length);\n    return QuadraticRecur(n - 1);\n}\n
    space_complexity.go
    /* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nfunc spaceQuadraticRecur(n int) int {\n    if n <= 0 {\n        return 0\n    }\n    nums := make([]int, n)\n    fmt.Printf(\"\u9012\u5f52 n = %d \u4e2d\u7684 nums \u957f\u5ea6 = %d \\n\", n, len(nums))\n    return spaceQuadraticRecur(n - 1)\n}\n
    space_complexity.swift
    /* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\n@discardableResult\nfunc quadraticRecur(n: Int) -> Int {\n    if n <= 0 {\n        return 0\n    }\n    // \u6570\u7ec4 nums \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n, n-1, ..., 2, 1\n    let nums = Array(repeating: 0, count: n)\n    print(\"\u9012\u5f52 n = \\(n) \u4e2d\u7684 nums \u957f\u5ea6 = \\(nums.count)\")\n    return quadraticRecur(n: n - 1)\n}\n
    space_complexity.js
    /* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nfunction quadraticRecur(n) {\n    if (n <= 0) return 0;\n    const nums = new Array(n);\n    console.log(`\u9012\u5f52 n = ${n} \u4e2d\u7684 nums \u957f\u5ea6 = ${nums.length}`);\n    return quadraticRecur(n - 1);\n}\n
    space_complexity.ts
    /* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nfunction quadraticRecur(n: number): number {\n    if (n <= 0) return 0;\n    const nums = new Array(n);\n    console.log(`\u9012\u5f52 n = ${n} \u4e2d\u7684 nums \u957f\u5ea6 = ${nums.length}`);\n    return quadraticRecur(n - 1);\n}\n
    space_complexity.dart
    /* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nint quadraticRecur(int n) {\n  if (n <= 0) return 0;\n  List<int> nums = List.filled(n, 0);\n  print('\u9012\u5f52 n = $n \u4e2d\u7684 nums \u957f\u5ea6 = ${nums.length}');\n  return quadraticRecur(n - 1);\n}\n
    space_complexity.rs
    /* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nfn quadratic_recur(n: i32) -> i32 {\n    if n <= 0 {return 0};\n    // \u6570\u7ec4 nums \u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n, n-1, ..., 2, 1\n    let nums = vec![0; n as usize];\n    println!(\"\u9012\u5f52 n = {} \u4e2d\u7684 nums \u957f\u5ea6 = {}\", n, nums.len());\n    return quadratic_recur(n - 1);\n}\n
    space_complexity.c
    /* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nint quadraticRecur(int n) {\n    if (n <= 0)\n        return 0;\n    int *nums = malloc(sizeof(int) * n);\n    printf(\"\u9012\u5f52 n = %d \u4e2d\u7684 nums \u957f\u5ea6 = %d\\r\\n\", n, n);\n    int res = quadraticRecur(n - 1);\n    free(nums);\n    return res;\n}\n
    space_complexity.zig
    // \u5e73\u65b9\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09\nfn quadraticRecur(comptime n: i32) i32 {\n    if (n <= 0) return 0;\n    var nums = [_]i32{0}**n;\n    std.debug.print(\"\u9012\u5f52 n = {} \u4e2d\u7684 nums \u957f\u5ea6 = {}\\n\", .{n, nums.len});\n    return quadraticRecur(n - 1);\n}\n

    \u56fe 2-18 \u00a0 \u9012\u5f52\u51fd\u6570\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u5e73\u65b9\u9636\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6

    "},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/space_complexity/#4-o2n","title":"4. \u00a0 \u6307\u6570\u9636 \\(O(2^n)\\)","text":"

    \u6307\u6570\u9636\u5e38\u89c1\u4e8e\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u3002\u89c2\u5bdf\u56fe 2-19 \uff0c\u5c42\u6570\u4e3a \\(n\\) \u7684\u201c\u6ee1\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u201d\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf\u4e3a \\(2^n - 1\\) \uff0c\u5360\u7528 \\(O(2^n)\\) \u7a7a\u95f4\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig space_complexity.py
    def build_tree(n: int) -> TreeNode | None:\n    \"\"\"\u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5efa\u7acb\u6ee1\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff09\"\"\"\n    if n == 0:\n        return None\n    root = TreeNode(0)\n    root.left = build_tree(n - 1)\n    root.right = build_tree(n - 1)\n    return root\n
    space_complexity.cpp
    /* \u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5efa\u7acb\u6ee1\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff09 */\nTreeNode *buildTree(int n) {\n    if (n == 0)\n        return nullptr;\n    TreeNode *root = new TreeNode(0);\n    root->left = buildTree(n - 1);\n    root->right = buildTree(n - 1);\n    return root;\n}\n
    space_complexity.java
    /* \u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5efa\u7acb\u6ee1\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff09 */\nTreeNode buildTree(int n) {\n    if (n == 0)\n        return null;\n    TreeNode root = new TreeNode(0);\n    root.left = buildTree(n - 1);\n    root.right = buildTree(n - 1);\n    return root;\n}\n
    space_complexity.cs
    /* \u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5efa\u7acb\u6ee1\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff09 */\nTreeNode? BuildTree(int n) {\n    if (n == 0) return null;\n    TreeNode root = new(0) {\n        left = BuildTree(n - 1),\n        right = BuildTree(n - 1)\n    };\n    return root;\n}\n
    space_complexity.go
    /* \u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5efa\u7acb\u6ee1\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff09 */\nfunc buildTree(n int) *treeNode {\n    if n == 0 {\n        return nil\n    }\n    root := newTreeNode(0)\n    root.left = buildTree(n - 1)\n    root.right = buildTree(n - 1)\n    return root\n}\n
    space_complexity.swift
    /* \u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5efa\u7acb\u6ee1\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff09 */\nfunc buildTree(n: Int) -> TreeNode? {\n    if n == 0 {\n        return nil\n    }\n    let root = TreeNode(x: 0)\n    root.left = buildTree(n: n - 1)\n    root.right = buildTree(n: n - 1)\n    return root\n}\n
    space_complexity.js
    /* \u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5efa\u7acb\u6ee1\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff09 */\nfunction buildTree(n) {\n    if (n === 0) return null;\n    const root = new TreeNode(0);\n    root.left = buildTree(n - 1);\n    root.right = buildTree(n - 1);\n    return root;\n}\n
    space_complexity.ts
    /* \u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5efa\u7acb\u6ee1\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff09 */\nfunction buildTree(n: number): TreeNode | null {\n    if (n === 0) return null;\n    const root = new TreeNode(0);\n    root.left = buildTree(n - 1);\n    root.right = buildTree(n - 1);\n    return root;\n}\n
    space_complexity.dart
    /* \u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5efa\u7acb\u6ee1\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff09 */\nTreeNode? buildTree(int n) {\n  if (n == 0) return null;\n  TreeNode root = TreeNode(0);\n  root.left = buildTree(n - 1);\n  root.right = buildTree(n - 1);\n  return root;\n}\n
    space_complexity.rs
    /* \u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5efa\u7acb\u6ee1\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff09 */\nfn build_tree(n: i32) -> Option<Rc<RefCell<TreeNode>>> {\n    if n == 0 {return None};\n    let root = TreeNode::new(0);\n    root.borrow_mut().left = build_tree(n - 1);\n    root.borrow_mut().right = build_tree(n - 1);\n    return Some(root);\n}\n
    space_complexity.c
    /* \u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5efa\u7acb\u6ee1\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff09 */\nTreeNode *buildTree(int n) {\n    if (n == 0)\n        return NULL;\n    TreeNode *root = newTreeNode(0);\n    root->left = buildTree(n - 1);\n    root->right = buildTree(n - 1);\n    return root;\n}\n
    space_complexity.zig
    // \u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5efa\u7acb\u6ee1\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff09\nfn buildTree(mem_allocator: std.mem.Allocator, n: i32) !?*inc.TreeNode(i32) {\n    if (n == 0) return null;\n    const root = try mem_allocator.create(inc.TreeNode(i32));\n    root.init(0);\n    root.left = try buildTree(mem_allocator, n - 1);\n    root.right = try buildTree(mem_allocator, n - 1);\n    return root;\n}\n

    \u56fe 2-19 \u00a0 \u6ee1\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u6307\u6570\u9636\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6

    "},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/space_complexity/#5-olog-n","title":"5. \u00a0 \u5bf9\u6570\u9636 \\(O(\\log n)\\)","text":"

    \u5bf9\u6570\u9636\u5e38\u89c1\u4e8e\u5206\u6cbb\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u8f93\u5165\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(n\\) \u7684\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u6bcf\u8f6e\u9012\u5f52\u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u4ece\u4e2d\u70b9\u5904\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u534a\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(\\log n\\) \u7684\u9012\u5f52\u6811\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(\\log n)\\) \u6808\u5e27\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002

    \u518d\u4f8b\u5982\u5c06\u6570\u5b57\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u8f93\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b63\u6574\u6570 \\(n\\) \uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u4f4d\u6570\u4e3a \\(\\log_{10} n + 1\\) \uff0c\u5373\u5bf9\u5e94\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(\\log_{10} n + 1\\) \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(\\log_{10} n + 1) = O(\\log n)\\) \u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/space_complexity/#244","title":"2.4.4 \u00a0 \u6743\u8861\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0e\u7a7a\u95f4","text":"

    \u7406\u60f3\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u90fd\u80fd\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u4f18\u3002\u7136\u800c\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u60c5\u51b5\u4e2d\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4f18\u5316\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u901a\u5e38\u975e\u5e38\u56f0\u96be\u3002

    \u964d\u4f4e\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u4ee5\u63d0\u5347\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff0c\u53cd\u4e4b\u4ea6\u7136\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u727a\u7272\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u6765\u63d0\u5347\u7b97\u6cd5\u8fd0\u884c\u901f\u5ea6\u7684\u601d\u8def\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u4ee5\u7a7a\u95f4\u6362\u65f6\u95f4\u201d\uff1b\u53cd\u4e4b\uff0c\u5219\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u4ee5\u65f6\u95f4\u6362\u7a7a\u95f4\u201d\u3002

    \u9009\u62e9\u54ea\u79cd\u601d\u8def\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u66f4\u770b\u91cd\u54ea\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u3002\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u6bd4\u7a7a\u95f4\u66f4\u5b9d\u8d35\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u201c\u4ee5\u7a7a\u95f4\u6362\u65f6\u95f4\u201d\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u66f4\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u5728\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u63a7\u5236\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e5f\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/summary/","title":"2.5 \u00a0 \u5c0f\u7ed3","text":""},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/summary/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u91cd\u70b9\u56de\u987e","text":"

    \u7b97\u6cd5\u6548\u7387\u8bc4\u4f30

    • \u65f6\u95f4\u6548\u7387\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u6548\u7387\u662f\u8861\u91cf\u7b97\u6cd5\u4f18\u52a3\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u8bc4\u4ef7\u6307\u6807\u3002
    • \u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9e\u9645\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6765\u8bc4\u4f30\u7b97\u6cd5\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u4f46\u96be\u4ee5\u6d88\u9664\u6d4b\u8bd5\u73af\u5883\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4e14\u4f1a\u8017\u8d39\u5927\u91cf\u8ba1\u7b97\u8d44\u6e90\u3002
    • \u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5206\u6790\u53ef\u4ee5\u6d88\u9664\u5b9e\u9645\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7684\u5f0a\u7aef\uff0c\u5206\u6790\u7ed3\u679c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6240\u6709\u8fd0\u884c\u5e73\u53f0\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u80fd\u591f\u63ed\u793a\u7b97\u6cd5\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u6570\u636e\u89c4\u6a21\u4e0b\u7684\u6548\u7387\u3002

    \u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6

    • \u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7528\u4e8e\u8861\u91cf\u7b97\u6cd5\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u968f\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u589e\u957f\u7684\u8d8b\u52bf\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u8bc4\u4f30\u7b97\u6cd5\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u53ef\u80fd\u5931\u6548\uff0c\u5982\u5728\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u8f83\u5c0f\u6216\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u76f8\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u7cbe\u786e\u5bf9\u6bd4\u7b97\u6cd5\u6548\u7387\u7684\u4f18\u52a3\u3002
    • \u6700\u5dee\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4f7f\u7528\u5927 \\(O\\) \u7b26\u53f7\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u5bf9\u5e94\u51fd\u6570\u6e10\u8fd1\u4e0a\u754c\uff0c\u53cd\u6620\u5f53 \\(n\\) \u8d8b\u5411\u6b63\u65e0\u7a77\u65f6\uff0c\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u91cf \\(T(n)\\) \u7684\u589e\u957f\u7ea7\u522b\u3002
    • \u63a8\u7b97\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u6b65\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u7edf\u8ba1\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5224\u65ad\u6e10\u8fd1\u4e0a\u754c\u3002
    • \u5e38\u89c1\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4ece\u4f4e\u5230\u9ad8\u6392\u5217\u6709 \\(O(1)\\)\u3001\\(O(\\log n)\\)\u3001\\(O(n)\\)\u3001\\(O(n \\log n)\\)\u3001\\(O(n^2)\\)\u3001\\(O(2^n)\\) \u548c \\(O(n!)\\) \u7b49\u3002
    • \u67d0\u4e9b\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u975e\u56fa\u5b9a\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e0e\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u6709\u5173\u3002\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5206\u4e3a\u6700\u5dee\u3001\u6700\u4f73\u3001\u5e73\u5747\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff0c\u6700\u4f73\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u51e0\u4e4e\u4e0d\u7528\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u4e00\u822c\u9700\u8981\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e25\u683c\u6761\u4ef6\u624d\u80fd\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u4f73\u60c5\u51b5\u3002
    • \u5e73\u5747\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u53cd\u6620\u7b97\u6cd5\u5728\u968f\u673a\u6570\u636e\u8f93\u5165\u4e0b\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u6700\u63a5\u8fd1\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u8ba1\u7b97\u5e73\u5747\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u9700\u8981\u7edf\u8ba1\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5206\u5e03\u4ee5\u53ca\u7efc\u5408\u540e\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u671f\u671b\u3002

    \u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6

    • \u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8861\u91cf\u7b97\u6cd5\u5360\u7528\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u968f\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u589e\u957f\u7684\u8d8b\u52bf\u3002
    • \u7b97\u6cd5\u8fd0\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u8f93\u5165\u7a7a\u95f4\u3001\u6682\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u3001\u8f93\u51fa\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u8f93\u5165\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0d\u7eb3\u5165\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u8ba1\u7b97\u3002\u6682\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u6682\u5b58\u6570\u636e\u3001\u6808\u5e27\u7a7a\u95f4\u548c\u6307\u4ee4\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6808\u5e27\u7a7a\u95f4\u901a\u5e38\u4ec5\u5728\u9012\u5f52\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u5f71\u54cd\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u3002
    • \u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u53ea\u5173\u6ce8\u6700\u5dee\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff0c\u5373\u7edf\u8ba1\u7b97\u6cd5\u5728\u6700\u5dee\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u548c\u6700\u5dee\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u523b\u4e0b\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u3002
    • \u5e38\u89c1\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4ece\u4f4e\u5230\u9ad8\u6392\u5217\u6709 \\(O(1)\\)\u3001\\(O(\\log n)\\)\u3001\\(O(n)\\)\u3001\\(O(n^2)\\) \u548c \\(O(2^n)\\) \u7b49\u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/summary/#2-q-a","title":"2. \u00a0 Q & A","text":"

    \u5c3e\u9012\u5f52\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u662f \\(O(1)\\) \u5417\uff1f

    \u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\uff0c\u5c3e\u9012\u5f52\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f18\u5316\u81f3 \\(O(1)\\) \u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\uff08\u4f8b\u5982 Java\u3001Python\u3001C++\u3001Go\u3001C# \u7b49\uff09\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u81ea\u52a8\u4f18\u5316\u5c3e\u9012\u5f52\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u901a\u5e38\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u662f \\(O(n)\\) \u3002

    \u51fd\u6570\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u672f\u8bed\u7684\u533a\u522b\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f

    \u300c\u51fd\u6570 function\u300d\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u72ec\u7acb\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u53c2\u6570\u90fd\u4ee5\u663e\u5f0f\u4f20\u9012\u3002\u300c\u65b9\u6cd5 method\u300d\u4e0e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u5173\u8054\uff0c\u88ab\u9690\u5f0f\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u8c03\u7528\u5b83\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u5bf9\u7c7b\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002

    \u4e0b\u9762\u4ee5\u51e0\u79cd\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u4e3a\u4f8b\u6765\u8bf4\u660e\u3002

    • C \u8bed\u8a00\u662f\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5f0f\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u53ea\u6709\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u521b\u5efa\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\uff08struct\uff09\u6765\u6a21\u62df\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7f16\u7a0b\uff0c\u4e0e\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u76f8\u5173\u8054\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u5c31\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002
    • Java \u548c C# \u662f\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u4ee3\u7801\u5757\uff08\u65b9\u6cd5\uff09\u901a\u5e38\u4f5c\u4e3a\u67d0\u4e2a\u7c7b\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u9759\u6001\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u88ab\u7ed1\u5b9a\u5728\u7c7b\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bbf\u95ee\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\u53d8\u91cf\u3002
    • C++ \u548c Python \u65e2\u652f\u6301\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5f0f\u7f16\u7a0b\uff08\u51fd\u6570\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u652f\u6301\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7f16\u7a0b\uff08\u65b9\u6cd5\uff09\u3002

    \u56fe\u89e3\u201c\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7c7b\u578b\u201d\u53cd\u6620\u7684\u662f\u5426\u662f\u5360\u7528\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u7edd\u5bf9\u5927\u5c0f\uff1f

    \u4e0d\u662f\uff0c\u8be5\u56fe\u5c55\u793a\u7684\u662f\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff0c\u5176\u53cd\u6620\u7684\u662f\u589e\u957f\u8d8b\u52bf\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5360\u7528\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u7edd\u5bf9\u5927\u5c0f\u3002

    \u5047\u8bbe\u53d6 \\(n = 8\\) \uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u6bcf\u6761\u66f2\u7ebf\u7684\u503c\u4e0e\u51fd\u6570\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e0d\u4e0a\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6bcf\u6761\u66f2\u7ebf\u90fd\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e38\u6570\u9879\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5c06\u53d6\u503c\u8303\u56f4\u538b\u7f29\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u89c6\u89c9\u8212\u9002\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u3002

    \u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u4e2d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u6bcf\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u201c\u5e38\u6570\u9879\u201d\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u662f\u591a\u5c11\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e00\u822c\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ec5\u51ed\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u6765\u9009\u62e9 \\(n = 8\\) \u4e4b\u4e0b\u7684\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u6cd5\u3002\u4f46\u5bf9\u4e8e \\(n = 8^5\\) \u5c31\u5f88\u597d\u9009\u4e86\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u589e\u957f\u8d8b\u52bf\u5df2\u7ecf\u5360\u4e3b\u5bfc\u4e86\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/time_complexity/","title":"2.3 \u00a0 \u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6","text":"

    \u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u89c2\u4e14\u51c6\u786e\u5730\u53cd\u6620\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u6548\u7387\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u51c6\u786e\u9884\u4f30\u4e00\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u5982\u4f55\u64cd\u4f5c\u5462\uff1f

    1. \u786e\u5b9a\u8fd0\u884c\u5e73\u53f0\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u786c\u4ef6\u914d\u7f6e\u3001\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u3001\u7cfb\u7edf\u73af\u5883\u7b49\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56e0\u7d20\u90fd\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u6548\u7387\u3002
    2. \u8bc4\u4f30\u5404\u79cd\u8ba1\u7b97\u64cd\u4f5c\u6240\u9700\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u52a0\u6cd5\u64cd\u4f5c + \u9700\u8981 1 ns \uff0c\u4e58\u6cd5\u64cd\u4f5c * \u9700\u8981 10 ns \uff0c\u6253\u5370\u64cd\u4f5c print() \u9700\u8981 5 ns \u7b49\u3002
    3. \u7edf\u8ba1\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u6c42\u548c\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f97\u5230\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u3002

    \u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\uff0c\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5927\u5c0f\u4e3a \\(n\\) \uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig 
    # \u5728\u67d0\u8fd0\u884c\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0b\ndef algorithm(n: int):\n    a = 2      # 1 ns\n    a = a + 1  # 1 ns\n    a = a * 2  # 10 ns\n    # \u5faa\u73af n \u6b21\n    for _ in range(n):  # 1 ns\n        print(0)        # 5 ns\n
    // \u5728\u67d0\u8fd0\u884c\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0b\nvoid algorithm(int n) {\n    int a = 2;  // 1 ns\n    a = a + 1;  // 1 ns\n    a = a * 2;  // 10 ns\n    // \u5faa\u73af n \u6b21\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {  // 1 ns \uff0c\u6bcf\u8f6e\u90fd\u8981\u6267\u884c i++\n        cout << 0 << endl;         // 5 ns\n    }\n}\n
    // \u5728\u67d0\u8fd0\u884c\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0b\nvoid algorithm(int n) {\n    int a = 2;  // 1 ns\n    a = a + 1;  // 1 ns\n    a = a * 2;  // 10 ns\n    // \u5faa\u73af n \u6b21\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {  // 1 ns \uff0c\u6bcf\u8f6e\u90fd\u8981\u6267\u884c i++\n        System.out.println(0);     // 5 ns\n    }\n}\n
    // \u5728\u67d0\u8fd0\u884c\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0b\nvoid Algorithm(int n) {\n    int a = 2;  // 1 ns\n    a = a + 1;  // 1 ns\n    a = a * 2;  // 10 ns\n    // \u5faa\u73af n \u6b21\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {  // 1 ns \uff0c\u6bcf\u8f6e\u90fd\u8981\u6267\u884c i++\n        Console.WriteLine(0);      // 5 ns\n    }\n}\n
    // \u5728\u67d0\u8fd0\u884c\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0b\nfunc algorithm(n int) {\n    a := 2     // 1 ns\n    a = a + 1  // 1 ns\n    a = a * 2  // 10 ns\n    // \u5faa\u73af n \u6b21\n    for i := 0; i < n; i++ {  // 1 ns\n        fmt.Println(a)        // 5 ns\n    }\n}\n
    // \u5728\u67d0\u8fd0\u884c\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0b\nfunc algorithm(n: Int) {\n    var a = 2 // 1 ns\n    a = a + 1 // 1 ns\n    a = a * 2 // 10 ns\n    // \u5faa\u73af n \u6b21\n    for _ in 0 ..< n { // 1 ns\n        print(0) // 5 ns\n    }\n}\n
    // \u5728\u67d0\u8fd0\u884c\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0b\nfunction algorithm(n) {\n    var a = 2; // 1 ns\n    a = a + 1; // 1 ns\n    a = a * 2; // 10 ns\n    // \u5faa\u73af n \u6b21\n    for(let i = 0; i < n; i++) { // 1 ns \uff0c\u6bcf\u8f6e\u90fd\u8981\u6267\u884c i++\n        console.log(0); // 5 ns\n    }\n}\n
    // \u5728\u67d0\u8fd0\u884c\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0b\nfunction algorithm(n: number): void {\n    var a: number = 2; // 1 ns\n    a = a + 1; // 1 ns\n    a = a * 2; // 10 ns\n    // \u5faa\u73af n \u6b21\n    for(let i = 0; i < n; i++) { // 1 ns \uff0c\u6bcf\u8f6e\u90fd\u8981\u6267\u884c i++\n        console.log(0); // 5 ns\n    }\n}\n
    // \u5728\u67d0\u8fd0\u884c\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0b\nvoid algorithm(int n) {\n  int a = 2; // 1 ns\n  a = a + 1; // 1 ns\n  a = a * 2; // 10 ns\n  // \u5faa\u73af n \u6b21\n  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { // 1 ns \uff0c\u6bcf\u8f6e\u90fd\u8981\u6267\u884c i++\n    print(0); // 5 ns\n  }\n}\n
    // \u5728\u67d0\u8fd0\u884c\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0b\nfn algorithm(n: i32) {\n    let mut a = 2;      // 1 ns\n    a = a + 1;          // 1 ns\n    a = a * 2;          // 10 ns\n    // \u5faa\u73af n \u6b21\n    for _ in 0..n {     // 1 ns \uff0c\u6bcf\u8f6e\u90fd\u8981\u6267\u884c i++\n        println!(\"{}\", 0);  // 5 ns\n    }\n}\n
    // \u5728\u67d0\u8fd0\u884c\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0b\nvoid algorithm(int n) {\n    int a = 2;  // 1 ns\n    a = a + 1;  // 1 ns\n    a = a * 2;  // 10 ns\n    // \u5faa\u73af n \u6b21\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {   // 1 ns \uff0c\u6bcf\u8f6e\u90fd\u8981\u6267\u884c i++\n        printf(\"%d\", 0);            // 5 ns\n    }\n}\n
    // \u5728\u67d0\u8fd0\u884c\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0b\nfn algorithm(n: usize) void {\n    var a: i32 = 2; // 1 ns\n    a += 1; // 1 ns\n    a *= 2; // 10 ns\n    // \u5faa\u73af n \u6b21\n    for (0..n) |_| { // 1 ns\n        std.debug.print(\"{}\\n\", .{0}); // 5 ns\n    }\n}\n

    \u6839\u636e\u4ee5\u4e0a\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u4e3a \\((6n + 12)\\) ns \uff1a

    \\[ 1 + 1 + 10 + (1 + 5) \\times n = 6n + 12 \\]

    \u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u7edf\u8ba1\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u65e2\u4e0d\u5408\u7406\u4e5f\u4e0d\u73b0\u5b9e\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u5e0c\u671b\u5c06\u9884\u4f30\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u8fd0\u884c\u5e73\u53f0\u7ed1\u5b9a\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7b97\u6cd5\u9700\u8981\u5728\u5404\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5f88\u96be\u83b7\u77e5\u6bcf\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u8fd9\u7ed9\u9884\u4f30\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u6781\u5927\u7684\u96be\u5ea6\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/time_complexity/#231","title":"2.3.1 \u00a0 \u7edf\u8ba1\u65f6\u95f4\u589e\u957f\u8d8b\u52bf","text":"

    \u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5206\u6790\u7edf\u8ba1\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u7b97\u6cd5\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7b97\u6cd5\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u968f\u7740\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u53d8\u5927\u65f6\u7684\u589e\u957f\u8d8b\u52bf\u3002

    \u201c\u65f6\u95f4\u589e\u957f\u8d8b\u52bf\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u6bd4\u8f83\u62bd\u8c61\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u6765\u52a0\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5927\u5c0f\u4e3a \\(n\\) \uff0c\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e09\u4e2a\u7b97\u6cd5 A\u3001B \u548c C \uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig 
    # \u7b97\u6cd5 A \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u5e38\u6570\u9636\ndef algorithm_A(n: int):\n    print(0)\n# \u7b97\u6cd5 B \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u7ebf\u6027\u9636\ndef algorithm_B(n: int):\n    for _ in range(n):\n        print(0)\n# \u7b97\u6cd5 C \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u5e38\u6570\u9636\ndef algorithm_C(n: int):\n    for _ in range(1000000):\n        print(0)\n
    // \u7b97\u6cd5 A \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u5e38\u6570\u9636\nvoid algorithm_A(int n) {\n    cout << 0 << endl;\n}\n// \u7b97\u6cd5 B \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u7ebf\u6027\u9636\nvoid algorithm_B(int n) {\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        cout << 0 << endl;\n    }\n}\n// \u7b97\u6cd5 C \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u5e38\u6570\u9636\nvoid algorithm_C(int n) {\n    for (int i = 0; i < 1000000; i++) {\n        cout << 0 << endl;\n    }\n}\n
    // \u7b97\u6cd5 A \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u5e38\u6570\u9636\nvoid algorithm_A(int n) {\n    System.out.println(0);\n}\n// \u7b97\u6cd5 B \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u7ebf\u6027\u9636\nvoid algorithm_B(int n) {\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        System.out.println(0);\n    }\n}\n// \u7b97\u6cd5 C \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u5e38\u6570\u9636\nvoid algorithm_C(int n) {\n    for (int i = 0; i < 1000000; i++) {\n        System.out.println(0);\n    }\n}\n
    // \u7b97\u6cd5 A \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u5e38\u6570\u9636\nvoid AlgorithmA(int n) {\n    Console.WriteLine(0);\n}\n// \u7b97\u6cd5 B \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u7ebf\u6027\u9636\nvoid AlgorithmB(int n) {\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        Console.WriteLine(0);\n    }\n}\n// \u7b97\u6cd5 C \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u5e38\u6570\u9636\nvoid AlgorithmC(int n) {\n    for (int i = 0; i < 1000000; i++) {\n        Console.WriteLine(0);\n    }\n}\n
    // \u7b97\u6cd5 A \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u5e38\u6570\u9636\nfunc algorithm_A(n int) {\n    fmt.Println(0)\n}\n// \u7b97\u6cd5 B \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u7ebf\u6027\u9636\nfunc algorithm_B(n int) {\n    for i := 0; i < n; i++ {\n        fmt.Println(0)\n    }\n}\n// \u7b97\u6cd5 C \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u5e38\u6570\u9636\nfunc algorithm_C(n int) {\n    for i := 0; i < 1000000; i++ {\n        fmt.Println(0)\n    }\n}\n
    // \u7b97\u6cd5 A \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u5e38\u6570\u9636\nfunc algorithmA(n: Int) {\n    print(0)\n}\n\n// \u7b97\u6cd5 B \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u7ebf\u6027\u9636\nfunc algorithmB(n: Int) {\n    for _ in 0 ..< n {\n        print(0)\n    }\n}\n\n// \u7b97\u6cd5 C \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u5e38\u6570\u9636\nfunc algorithmC(n: Int) {\n    for _ in 0 ..< 1000000 {\n        print(0)\n    }\n}\n
    // \u7b97\u6cd5 A \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u5e38\u6570\u9636\nfunction algorithm_A(n) {\n    console.log(0);\n}\n// \u7b97\u6cd5 B \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u7ebf\u6027\u9636\nfunction algorithm_B(n) {\n    for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        console.log(0);\n    }\n}\n// \u7b97\u6cd5 C \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u5e38\u6570\u9636\nfunction algorithm_C(n) {\n    for (let i = 0; i < 1000000; i++) {\n        console.log(0);\n    }\n}\n
    // \u7b97\u6cd5 A \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u5e38\u6570\u9636\nfunction algorithm_A(n: number): void {\n    console.log(0);\n}\n// \u7b97\u6cd5 B \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u7ebf\u6027\u9636\nfunction algorithm_B(n: number): void {\n    for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        console.log(0);\n    }\n}\n// \u7b97\u6cd5 C \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u5e38\u6570\u9636\nfunction algorithm_C(n: number): void {\n    for (let i = 0; i < 1000000; i++) {\n        console.log(0);\n    }\n}\n
    // \u7b97\u6cd5 A \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u5e38\u6570\u9636\nvoid algorithmA(int n) {\n  print(0);\n}\n// \u7b97\u6cd5 B \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u7ebf\u6027\u9636\nvoid algorithmB(int n) {\n  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n    print(0);\n  }\n}\n// \u7b97\u6cd5 C \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u5e38\u6570\u9636\nvoid algorithmC(int n) {\n  for (int i = 0; i < 1000000; i++) {\n    print(0);\n  }\n}\n
    // \u7b97\u6cd5 A \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u5e38\u6570\u9636\nfn algorithm_A(n: i32) {\n    println!(\"{}\", 0);\n}\n// \u7b97\u6cd5 B \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u7ebf\u6027\u9636\nfn algorithm_B(n: i32) {\n    for _ in 0..n {\n        println!(\"{}\", 0);\n    }\n}\n// \u7b97\u6cd5 C \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u5e38\u6570\u9636\nfn algorithm_C(n: i32) {\n    for _ in 0..1000000 {\n        println!(\"{}\", 0);\n    }\n}\n
    // \u7b97\u6cd5 A \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u5e38\u6570\u9636\nvoid algorithm_A(int n) {\n    printf(\"%d\", 0);\n}\n// \u7b97\u6cd5 B \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u7ebf\u6027\u9636\nvoid algorithm_B(int n) {\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        printf(\"%d\", 0);\n    }\n}\n// \u7b97\u6cd5 C \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u5e38\u6570\u9636\nvoid algorithm_C(int n) {\n    for (int i = 0; i < 1000000; i++) {\n        printf(\"%d\", 0);\n    }\n}\n
    // \u7b97\u6cd5 A \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u5e38\u6570\u9636\nfn algorithm_A(n: usize) void {\n    _ = n;\n    std.debug.print(\"{}\\n\", .{0});\n}\n// \u7b97\u6cd5 B \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u7ebf\u6027\u9636\nfn algorithm_B(n: i32) void {\n    for (0..n) |_| {\n        std.debug.print(\"{}\\n\", .{0});\n    }\n}\n// \u7b97\u6cd5 C \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u5e38\u6570\u9636\nfn algorithm_C(n: i32) void {\n    _ = n;\n    for (0..1000000) |_| { \n        std.debug.print(\"{}\\n\", .{0});\n    }\n}\n

    \u56fe 2-7 \u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4e09\u4e2a\u7b97\u6cd5\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u3002

    • \u7b97\u6cd5 A \u53ea\u6709 \\(1\\) \u4e2a\u6253\u5370\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0d\u968f\u7740 \\(n\\) \u589e\u5927\u800c\u589e\u957f\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u79f0\u6b64\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a\u201c\u5e38\u6570\u9636\u201d\u3002
    • \u7b97\u6cd5 B \u4e2d\u7684\u6253\u5370\u64cd\u4f5c\u9700\u8981\u5faa\u73af \\(n\\) \u6b21\uff0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u968f\u7740 \\(n\\) \u589e\u5927\u5448\u7ebf\u6027\u589e\u957f\u3002\u6b64\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u7ebf\u6027\u9636\u201d\u3002
    • \u7b97\u6cd5 C \u4e2d\u7684\u6253\u5370\u64cd\u4f5c\u9700\u8981\u5faa\u73af \\(1000000\\) \u6b21\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u5f88\u957f\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4e0e\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5927\u5c0f \\(n\\) \u65e0\u5173\u3002\u56e0\u6b64 C \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u548c A \u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4ecd\u4e3a\u201c\u5e38\u6570\u9636\u201d\u3002

    \u56fe 2-7 \u00a0 \u7b97\u6cd5 A\u3001B \u548c C \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u589e\u957f\u8d8b\u52bf

    \u76f8\u8f83\u4e8e\u76f4\u63a5\u7edf\u8ba1\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5206\u6790\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u7279\u70b9\u5462\uff1f

    • \u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u80fd\u591f\u6709\u6548\u8bc4\u4f30\u7b97\u6cd5\u6548\u7387\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7b97\u6cd5 B \u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u5448\u7ebf\u6027\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u5728 \\(n > 1\\) \u65f6\u6bd4\u7b97\u6cd5 A \u66f4\u6162\uff0c\u5728 \\(n > 1000000\\) \u65f6\u6bd4\u7b97\u6cd5 C \u66f4\u6162\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5927\u5c0f \\(n\\) \u8db3\u591f\u5927\uff0c\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a\u201c\u5e38\u6570\u9636\u201d\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e00\u5b9a\u4f18\u4e8e\u201c\u7ebf\u6027\u9636\u201d\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u8fd9\u6b63\u662f\u65f6\u95f4\u589e\u957f\u8d8b\u52bf\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u3002
    • \u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7684\u63a8\u7b97\u65b9\u6cd5\u66f4\u7b80\u4fbf\u3002\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u8fd0\u884c\u5e73\u53f0\u548c\u8ba1\u7b97\u64cd\u4f5c\u7c7b\u578b\u90fd\u4e0e\u7b97\u6cd5\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u589e\u957f\u8d8b\u52bf\u65e0\u5173\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u8ba1\u7b97\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u89c6\u4e3a\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u201c\u5355\u4f4d\u65f6\u95f4\u201d\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5c06\u201c\u8ba1\u7b97\u64cd\u4f5c\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u7edf\u8ba1\u201d\u7b80\u5316\u4e3a\u201c\u8ba1\u7b97\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u91cf\u7edf\u8ba1\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u6765\u4f30\u7b97\u96be\u5ea6\u5c31\u5927\u5927\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u3002
    • \u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u5c40\u9650\u6027\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u7b97\u6cd5 A \u548c C \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u5dee\u522b\u5f88\u5927\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u7b97\u6cd5 B \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u6bd4 C \u9ad8\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5927\u5c0f \\(n\\) \u8f83\u5c0f\u65f6\uff0c\u7b97\u6cd5 B \u660e\u663e\u4f18\u4e8e\u7b97\u6cd5 C \u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5f88\u96be\u4ec5\u51ed\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5224\u65ad\u7b97\u6cd5\u6548\u7387\u7684\u9ad8\u4f4e\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5b58\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5206\u6790\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u8bc4\u5224\u7b97\u6cd5\u6548\u7387\u6700\u6709\u6548\u4e14\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/time_complexity/#232","title":"2.3.2 \u00a0 \u51fd\u6570\u6e10\u8fd1\u4e0a\u754c","text":"

    \u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f93\u5165\u5927\u5c0f\u4e3a \\(n\\) \u7684\u51fd\u6570\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig 
    def algorithm(n: int):\n    a = 1      # +1\n    a = a + 1  # +1\n    a = a * 2  # +1\n    # \u5faa\u73af n \u6b21\n    for i in range(n):  # +1\n        print(0)        # +1\n
    void algorithm(int n) {\n    int a = 1;  // +1\n    a = a + 1;  // +1\n    a = a * 2;  // +1\n    // \u5faa\u73af n \u6b21\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { // +1\uff08\u6bcf\u8f6e\u90fd\u6267\u884c i ++\uff09\n        cout << 0 << endl;    // +1\n    }\n}\n
    void algorithm(int n) {\n    int a = 1;  // +1\n    a = a + 1;  // +1\n    a = a * 2;  // +1\n    // \u5faa\u73af n \u6b21\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { // +1\uff08\u6bcf\u8f6e\u90fd\u6267\u884c i ++\uff09\n        System.out.println(0);    // +1\n    }\n}\n
    void Algorithm(int n) {\n    int a = 1;  // +1\n    a = a + 1;  // +1\n    a = a * 2;  // +1\n    // \u5faa\u73af n \u6b21\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {   // +1\uff08\u6bcf\u8f6e\u90fd\u6267\u884c i ++\uff09\n        Console.WriteLine(0);   // +1\n    }\n}\n
    func algorithm(n int) {\n    a := 1      // +1\n    a = a + 1   // +1\n    a = a * 2   // +1\n    // \u5faa\u73af n \u6b21\n    for i := 0; i < n; i++ {   // +1\n        fmt.Println(a)         // +1\n    }\n}\n
    func algorithm(n: Int) {\n    var a = 1 // +1\n    a = a + 1 // +1\n    a = a * 2 // +1\n    // \u5faa\u73af n \u6b21\n    for _ in 0 ..< n { // +1\n        print(0) // +1\n    }\n}\n
    function algorithm(n) {\n    var a = 1; // +1\n    a += 1; // +1\n    a *= 2; // +1\n    // \u5faa\u73af n \u6b21\n    for(let i = 0; i < n; i++){ // +1\uff08\u6bcf\u8f6e\u90fd\u6267\u884c i ++\uff09\n        console.log(0); // +1\n    }\n}\n
    function algorithm(n: number): void{\n    var a: number = 1; // +1\n    a += 1; // +1\n    a *= 2; // +1\n    // \u5faa\u73af n \u6b21\n    for(let i = 0; i < n; i++){ // +1\uff08\u6bcf\u8f6e\u90fd\u6267\u884c i ++\uff09\n        console.log(0); // +1\n    }\n}\n
    void algorithm(int n) {\n  int a = 1; // +1\n  a = a + 1; // +1\n  a = a * 2; // +1\n  // \u5faa\u73af n \u6b21\n  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { // +1\uff08\u6bcf\u8f6e\u90fd\u6267\u884c i ++\uff09\n    print(0); // +1\n  }\n}\n
    fn algorithm(n: i32) {\n    let mut a = 1;   // +1\n    a = a + 1;      // +1\n    a = a * 2;      // +1\n\n    // \u5faa\u73af n \u6b21\n    for _ in 0..n { // +1\uff08\u6bcf\u8f6e\u90fd\u6267\u884c i ++\uff09\n        println!(\"{}\", 0); // +1\n    }\n}\n
    void algorithm(int n) {\n    int a = 1;  // +1\n    a = a + 1;  // +1\n    a = a * 2;  // +1\n    // \u5faa\u73af n \u6b21\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {   // +1\uff08\u6bcf\u8f6e\u90fd\u6267\u884c i ++\uff09\n        printf(\"%d\", 0);            // +1\n    }\n}  \n
    fn algorithm(n: usize) void {\n    var a: i32 = 1; // +1\n    a += 1; // +1\n    a *= 2; // +1\n    // \u5faa\u73af n \u6b21\n    for (0..n) |_| { // +1\uff08\u6bcf\u8f6e\u90fd\u6267\u884c i ++\uff09\n        std.debug.print(\"{}\\n\", .{0}); // +1\n    }\n}\n

    \u8bbe\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u91cf\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u4e8e\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5927\u5c0f \\(n\\) \u7684\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a \\(T(n)\\) \uff0c\u5219\u4ee5\u4e0a\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u91cf\u4e3a\uff1a

    \\[ T(n) = 3 + 2n \\]

    \\(T(n)\\) \u662f\u4e00\u6b21\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u5176\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u589e\u957f\u8d8b\u52bf\u662f\u7ebf\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u662f\u7ebf\u6027\u9636\u3002

    \u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u7ebf\u6027\u9636\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u8bb0\u4e3a \\(O(n)\\) \uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u5b66\u7b26\u53f7\u79f0\u4e3a\u300c\u5927 \\(O\\) \u8bb0\u53f7 big-\\(O\\) notation\u300d\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u51fd\u6570 \\(T(n)\\) \u7684\u300c\u6e10\u8fd1\u4e0a\u754c asymptotic upper bound\u300d\u3002

    \u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5206\u6790\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u8ba1\u7b97\u201c\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u91cf \\(T(n)\\)\u201d\u7684\u6e10\u8fd1\u4e0a\u754c\uff0c\u5b83\u5177\u6709\u660e\u786e\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002

    \u51fd\u6570\u6e10\u8fd1\u4e0a\u754c

    \u82e5\u5b58\u5728\u6b63\u5b9e\u6570 \\(c\\) \u548c\u5b9e\u6570 \\(n_0\\) \uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6240\u6709\u7684 \\(n > n_0\\) \uff0c\u5747\u6709 \\(T(n) \\leq c \\cdot f(n)\\) \uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u8ba4\u4e3a \\(f(n)\\) \u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86 \\(T(n)\\) \u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e10\u8fd1\u4e0a\u754c\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a \\(T(n) = O(f(n))\\) \u3002

    \u5982\u56fe 2-8 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u6e10\u8fd1\u4e0a\u754c\u5c31\u662f\u5bfb\u627e\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570 \\(f(n)\\) \uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5f53 \\(n\\) \u8d8b\u5411\u4e8e\u65e0\u7a77\u5927\u65f6\uff0c\\(T(n)\\) \u548c \\(f(n)\\) \u5904\u4e8e\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u589e\u957f\u7ea7\u522b\uff0c\u4ec5\u76f8\u5dee\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e38\u6570\u9879 \\(c\\) \u7684\u500d\u6570\u3002

    \u56fe 2-8 \u00a0 \u51fd\u6570\u7684\u6e10\u8fd1\u4e0a\u754c

    "},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/time_complexity/#233","title":"2.3.3 \u00a0 \u63a8\u7b97\u65b9\u6cd5","text":"

    \u6e10\u8fd1\u4e0a\u754c\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u5473\u513f\u6709\u70b9\u91cd\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u611f\u89c9\u6ca1\u6709\u5b8c\u5168\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u4e5f\u65e0\u987b\u62c5\u5fc3\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5148\u638c\u63e1\u63a8\u7b97\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u9010\u6e10\u9886\u609f\u5176\u6570\u5b66\u610f\u4e49\u3002

    \u6839\u636e\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u786e\u5b9a \\(f(n)\\) \u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4fbf\u53ef\u5f97\u5230\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 \\(O(f(n))\\) \u3002\u90a3\u4e48\u5982\u4f55\u786e\u5b9a\u6e10\u8fd1\u4e0a\u754c \\(f(n)\\) \u5462\uff1f\u603b\u4f53\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u6b65\uff1a\u9996\u5148\u7edf\u8ba1\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5224\u65ad\u6e10\u8fd1\u4e0a\u754c\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/time_complexity/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\uff1a\u7edf\u8ba1\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u91cf","text":"

    \u9488\u5bf9\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u9010\u884c\u4ece\u4e0a\u5230\u4e0b\u8ba1\u7b97\u5373\u53ef\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u4e0a\u8ff0 \\(c \\cdot f(n)\\) \u4e2d\u7684\u5e38\u6570\u9879 \\(c\\) \u53ef\u4ee5\u53d6\u4efb\u610f\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u91cf \\(T(n)\\) \u4e2d\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u7cfb\u6570\u3001\u5e38\u6570\u9879\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5ffd\u7565\u3002\u6839\u636e\u6b64\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u603b\u7ed3\u51fa\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8ba1\u6570\u7b80\u5316\u6280\u5de7\u3002

    1. \u5ffd\u7565 \\(T(n)\\) \u4e2d\u7684\u5e38\u6570\u9879\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u4e0e \\(n\\) \u65e0\u5173\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5bf9\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e0d\u4ea7\u751f\u5f71\u54cd\u3002
    2. \u7701\u7565\u6240\u6709\u7cfb\u6570\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5faa\u73af \\(2n\\) \u6b21\u3001\\(5n + 1\\) \u6b21\u7b49\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b80\u5316\u8bb0\u4e3a \\(n\\) \u6b21\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a \\(n\\) \u524d\u9762\u7684\u7cfb\u6570\u5bf9\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u6ca1\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\u3002
    3. \u5faa\u73af\u5d4c\u5957\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\u4e58\u6cd5\u3002\u603b\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u91cf\u7b49\u4e8e\u5916\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\u548c\u5185\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u91cf\u4e4b\u79ef\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\u4f9d\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u522b\u5957\u7528\u7b2c 1. \u70b9\u548c\u7b2c 2. \u70b9\u7684\u6280\u5de7\u3002

    \u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6280\u5de7\u6765\u7edf\u8ba1\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u91cf\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig 
    def algorithm(n: int):\n    a = 1      # +0\uff08\u6280\u5de7 1\uff09\n    a = a + n  # +0\uff08\u6280\u5de7 1\uff09\n    # +n\uff08\u6280\u5de7 2\uff09\n    for i in range(5 * n + 1):\n        print(0)\n    # +n*n\uff08\u6280\u5de7 3\uff09\n    for i in range(2 * n):\n        for j in range(n + 1):\n            print(0)\n
    void algorithm(int n) {\n    int a = 1;  // +0\uff08\u6280\u5de7 1\uff09\n    a = a + n;  // +0\uff08\u6280\u5de7 1\uff09\n    // +n\uff08\u6280\u5de7 2\uff09\n    for (int i = 0; i < 5 * n + 1; i++) {\n        cout << 0 << endl;\n    }\n    // +n*n\uff08\u6280\u5de7 3\uff09\n    for (int i = 0; i < 2 * n; i++) {\n        for (int j = 0; j < n + 1; j++) {\n            cout << 0 << endl;\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    void algorithm(int n) {\n    int a = 1;  // +0\uff08\u6280\u5de7 1\uff09\n    a = a + n;  // +0\uff08\u6280\u5de7 1\uff09\n    // +n\uff08\u6280\u5de7 2\uff09\n    for (int i = 0; i < 5 * n + 1; i++) {\n        System.out.println(0);\n    }\n    // +n*n\uff08\u6280\u5de7 3\uff09\n    for (int i = 0; i < 2 * n; i++) {\n        for (int j = 0; j < n + 1; j++) {\n            System.out.println(0);\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    void Algorithm(int n) {\n    int a = 1;  // +0\uff08\u6280\u5de7 1\uff09\n    a = a + n;  // +0\uff08\u6280\u5de7 1\uff09\n    // +n\uff08\u6280\u5de7 2\uff09\n    for (int i = 0; i < 5 * n + 1; i++) {\n        Console.WriteLine(0);\n    }\n    // +n*n\uff08\u6280\u5de7 3\uff09\n    for (int i = 0; i < 2 * n; i++) {\n        for (int j = 0; j < n + 1; j++) {\n            Console.WriteLine(0);\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    func algorithm(n int) {\n    a := 1     // +0\uff08\u6280\u5de7 1\uff09\n    a = a + n  // +0\uff08\u6280\u5de7 1\uff09\n    // +n\uff08\u6280\u5de7 2\uff09\n    for i := 0; i < 5 * n + 1; i++ {\n        fmt.Println(0)\n    }\n    // +n*n\uff08\u6280\u5de7 3\uff09\n    for i := 0; i < 2 * n; i++ {\n        for j := 0; j < n + 1; j++ {\n            fmt.Println(0)\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    func algorithm(n: Int) {\n    var a = 1 // +0\uff08\u6280\u5de7 1\uff09\n    a = a + n // +0\uff08\u6280\u5de7 1\uff09\n    // +n\uff08\u6280\u5de7 2\uff09\n    for _ in 0 ..< (5 * n + 1) {\n        print(0)\n    }\n    // +n*n\uff08\u6280\u5de7 3\uff09\n    for _ in 0 ..< (2 * n) {\n        for _ in 0 ..< (n + 1) {\n            print(0)\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    function algorithm(n) {\n    let a = 1;  // +0\uff08\u6280\u5de7 1\uff09\n    a = a + n;  // +0\uff08\u6280\u5de7 1\uff09\n    // +n\uff08\u6280\u5de7 2\uff09\n    for (let i = 0; i < 5 * n + 1; i++) {\n        console.log(0);\n    }\n    // +n*n\uff08\u6280\u5de7 3\uff09\n    for (let i = 0; i < 2 * n; i++) {\n        for (let j = 0; j < n + 1; j++) {\n            console.log(0);\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    function algorithm(n: number): void {\n    let a = 1;  // +0\uff08\u6280\u5de7 1\uff09\n    a = a + n;  // +0\uff08\u6280\u5de7 1\uff09\n    // +n\uff08\u6280\u5de7 2\uff09\n    for (let i = 0; i < 5 * n + 1; i++) {\n        console.log(0);\n    }\n    // +n*n\uff08\u6280\u5de7 3\uff09\n    for (let i = 0; i < 2 * n; i++) {\n        for (let j = 0; j < n + 1; j++) {\n            console.log(0);\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    void algorithm(int n) {\n  int a = 1; // +0\uff08\u6280\u5de7 1\uff09\n  a = a + n; // +0\uff08\u6280\u5de7 1\uff09\n  // +n\uff08\u6280\u5de7 2\uff09\n  for (int i = 0; i < 5 * n + 1; i++) {\n    print(0);\n  }\n  // +n*n\uff08\u6280\u5de7 3\uff09\n  for (int i = 0; i < 2 * n; i++) {\n    for (int j = 0; j < n + 1; j++) {\n      print(0);\n    }\n  }\n}\n
    fn algorithm(n: i32) {\n    let mut a = 1;     // +0\uff08\u6280\u5de7 1\uff09\n    a = a + n;        // +0\uff08\u6280\u5de7 1\uff09\n\n    // +n\uff08\u6280\u5de7 2\uff09\n    for i in 0..(5 * n + 1) {\n        println!(\"{}\", 0);\n    }\n\n    // +n*n\uff08\u6280\u5de7 3\uff09\n    for i in 0..(2 * n) {\n        for j in 0..(n + 1) {\n            println!(\"{}\", 0);\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    void algorithm(int n) {\n    int a = 1;  // +0\uff08\u6280\u5de7 1\uff09\n    a = a + n;  // +0\uff08\u6280\u5de7 1\uff09\n    // +n\uff08\u6280\u5de7 2\uff09\n    for (int i = 0; i < 5 * n + 1; i++) {\n        printf(\"%d\", 0);\n    }\n    // +n*n\uff08\u6280\u5de7 3\uff09\n    for (int i = 0; i < 2 * n; i++) {\n        for (int j = 0; j < n + 1; j++) {\n            printf(\"%d\", 0);\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    fn algorithm(n: usize) void {\n    var a: i32 = 1;     // +0\uff08\u6280\u5de7 1\uff09\n    a = a + @as(i32, @intCast(n));        // +0\uff08\u6280\u5de7 1\uff09\n\n    // +n\uff08\u6280\u5de7 2\uff09\n    for(0..(5 * n + 1)) |_| {\n        std.debug.print(\"{}\\n\", .{0}); \n    }\n\n    // +n*n\uff08\u6280\u5de7 3\uff09\n    for(0..(2 * n)) |_| {\n        for(0..(n + 1)) |_| {\n            std.debug.print(\"{}\\n\", .{0}); \n        }\n    }\n}\n

    \u4ee5\u4e0b\u516c\u5f0f\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6280\u5de7\u524d\u540e\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u4e24\u8005\u63a8\u7b97\u51fa\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u90fd\u4e3a \\(O(n^2)\\) \u3002

    \\[ \\begin{aligned} T(n) & = 2n(n + 1) + (5n + 1) + 2 & \\text{\u5b8c\u6574\u7edf\u8ba1 (-.-|||)} \\newline & = 2n^2 + 7n + 3 \\newline T(n) & = n^2 + n & \\text{\u5077\u61d2\u7edf\u8ba1 (o.O)} \\end{aligned} \\]"},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/time_complexity/#2","title":"2. \u00a0 \u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b65\uff1a\u5224\u65ad\u6e10\u8fd1\u4e0a\u754c","text":"

    \u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7531 \\(T(n)\\) \u4e2d\u6700\u9ad8\u9636\u7684\u9879\u6765\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728 \\(n\\) \u8d8b\u4e8e\u65e0\u7a77\u5927\u65f6\uff0c\u6700\u9ad8\u9636\u7684\u9879\u5c06\u53d1\u6325\u4e3b\u5bfc\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u9879\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5ffd\u7565\u3002

    \u8868 2-2 \u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e9b\u5938\u5f20\u7684\u503c\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5f3a\u8c03\u201c\u7cfb\u6570\u65e0\u6cd5\u64bc\u52a8\u9636\u6570\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ed3\u8bba\u3002\u5f53 \\(n\\) \u8d8b\u4e8e\u65e0\u7a77\u5927\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e38\u6570\u53d8\u5f97\u65e0\u8db3\u8f7b\u91cd\u3002

    \u8868 2-2 \u00a0 \u4e0d\u540c\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u91cf\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6

    \u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u91cf \\(T(n)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 \\(O(f(n))\\) \\(100000\\) \\(O(1)\\) \\(3n + 2\\) \\(O(n)\\) \\(2n^2 + 3n + 2\\) \\(O(n^2)\\) \\(n^3 + 10000n^2\\) \\(O(n^3)\\) \\(2^n + 10000n^{10000}\\) \\(O(2^n)\\)"},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/time_complexity/#234","title":"2.3.4 \u00a0 \u5e38\u89c1\u7c7b\u578b","text":"

    \u8bbe\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5927\u5c0f\u4e3a \\(n\\) \uff0c\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7c7b\u578b\u5982\u56fe 2-9 \u6240\u793a\uff08\u6309\u7167\u4ece\u4f4e\u5230\u9ad8\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u6392\u5217\uff09\u3002

    \\[ \\begin{aligned} O(1) < O(\\log n) < O(n) < O(n \\log n) < O(n^2) < O(2^n) < O(n!) \\newline \\text{\u5e38\u6570\u9636} < \\text{\u5bf9\u6570\u9636} < \\text{\u7ebf\u6027\u9636} < \\text{\u7ebf\u6027\u5bf9\u6570\u9636} < \\text{\u5e73\u65b9\u9636} < \\text{\u6307\u6570\u9636} < \\text{\u9636\u4e58\u9636} \\end{aligned} \\]

    \u56fe 2-9 \u00a0 \u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7c7b\u578b

    "},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/time_complexity/#1-o1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u5e38\u6570\u9636 \\(O(1)\\)","text":"

    \u5e38\u6570\u9636\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u91cf\u4e0e\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5927\u5c0f \\(n\\) \u65e0\u5173\uff0c\u5373\u4e0d\u968f\u7740 \\(n\\) \u7684\u53d8\u5316\u800c\u53d8\u5316\u3002

    \u5728\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u91cf size \u53ef\u80fd\u5f88\u5927\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u5176\u4e0e\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5927\u5c0f \\(n\\) \u65e0\u5173\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4ecd\u4e3a \\(O(1)\\) \uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig time_complexity.py
    def constant(n: int) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u5e38\u6570\u9636\"\"\"\n    count = 0\n    size = 100000\n    for _ in range(size):\n        count += 1\n    return count\n
    time_complexity.cpp
    /* \u5e38\u6570\u9636 */\nint constant(int n) {\n    int count = 0;\n    int size = 100000;\n    for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)\n        count++;\n    return count;\n}\n
    time_complexity.java
    /* \u5e38\u6570\u9636 */\nint constant(int n) {\n    int count = 0;\n    int size = 100000;\n    for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)\n        count++;\n    return count;\n}\n
    time_complexity.cs
    /* \u5e38\u6570\u9636 */\nint Constant(int n) {\n    int count = 0;\n    int size = 100000;\n    for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)\n        count++;\n    return count;\n}\n
    time_complexity.go
    /* \u5e38\u6570\u9636 */\nfunc constant(n int) int {\n    count := 0\n    size := 100000\n    for i := 0; i < size; i++ {\n        count++\n    }\n    return count\n}\n
    time_complexity.swift
    /* \u5e38\u6570\u9636 */\nfunc constant(n: Int) -> Int {\n    var count = 0\n    let size = 100_000\n    for _ in 0 ..< size {\n        count += 1\n    }\n    return count\n}\n
    time_complexity.js
    /* \u5e38\u6570\u9636 */\nfunction constant(n) {\n    let count = 0;\n    const size = 100000;\n    for (let i = 0; i < size; i++) count++;\n    return count;\n}\n
    time_complexity.ts
    /* \u5e38\u6570\u9636 */\nfunction constant(n: number): number {\n    let count = 0;\n    const size = 100000;\n    for (let i = 0; i < size; i++) count++;\n    return count;\n}\n
    time_complexity.dart
    /* \u5e38\u6570\u9636 */\nint constant(int n) {\n  int count = 0;\n  int size = 100000;\n  for (var i = 0; i < size; i++) {\n    count++;\n  }\n  return count;\n}\n
    time_complexity.rs
    /* \u5e38\u6570\u9636 */\nfn constant(n: i32) -> i32 {\n    _ = n;\n    let mut count = 0;\n    let size = 100_000;\n    for _ in 0..size {\n        count += 1;\n    }\n    count\n}\n
    time_complexity.c
    /* \u5e38\u6570\u9636 */\nint constant(int n) {\n    int count = 0;\n    int size = 100000;\n    int i = 0;\n    for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {\n        count++;\n    }\n    return count;\n}\n
    time_complexity.zig
    // \u5e38\u6570\u9636\nfn constant(n: i32) i32 {\n    _ = n;\n    var count: i32 = 0;\n    const size: i32 = 100_000;\n    var i: i32 = 0;\n    while(i<size) : (i += 1) {\n        count += 1;\n    }\n    return count;\n}\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/time_complexity/#2-on","title":"2. \u00a0 \u7ebf\u6027\u9636 \\(O(n)\\)","text":"

    \u7ebf\u6027\u9636\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u91cf\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5927\u5c0f \\(n\\) \u4ee5\u7ebf\u6027\u7ea7\u522b\u589e\u957f\u3002\u7ebf\u6027\u9636\u901a\u5e38\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u5355\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig time_complexity.py
    def linear(n: int) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u7ebf\u6027\u9636\"\"\"\n    count = 0\n    for _ in range(n):\n        count += 1\n    return count\n
    time_complexity.cpp
    /* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636 */\nint linear(int n) {\n    int count = 0;\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)\n        count++;\n    return count;\n}\n
    time_complexity.java
    /* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636 */\nint linear(int n) {\n    int count = 0;\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)\n        count++;\n    return count;\n}\n
    time_complexity.cs
    /* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636 */\nint Linear(int n) {\n    int count = 0;\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)\n        count++;\n    return count;\n}\n
    time_complexity.go
    /* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636 */\nfunc linear(n int) int {\n    count := 0\n    for i := 0; i < n; i++ {\n        count++\n    }\n    return count\n}\n
    time_complexity.swift
    /* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636 */\nfunc linear(n: Int) -> Int {\n    var count = 0\n    for _ in 0 ..< n {\n        count += 1\n    }\n    return count\n}\n
    time_complexity.js
    /* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636 */\nfunction linear(n) {\n    let count = 0;\n    for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) count++;\n    return count;\n}\n
    time_complexity.ts
    /* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636 */\nfunction linear(n: number): number {\n    let count = 0;\n    for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) count++;\n    return count;\n}\n
    time_complexity.dart
    /* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636 */\nint linear(int n) {\n  int count = 0;\n  for (var i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n    count++;\n  }\n  return count;\n}\n
    time_complexity.rs
    /* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636 */\nfn linear(n: i32) -> i32 {\n    let mut count = 0;\n    for _ in 0..n {\n        count += 1;\n    }\n    count\n}\n
    time_complexity.c
    /* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636 */\nint linear(int n) {\n    int count = 0;\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        count++;\n    }\n    return count;\n}\n
    time_complexity.zig
    // \u7ebf\u6027\u9636\nfn linear(n: i32) i32 {\n    var count: i32 = 0;\n    var i: i32 = 0;\n    while (i < n) : (i += 1) {\n        count += 1;\n    }\n    return count;\n}\n

    \u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u904d\u5386\u94fe\u8868\u7b49\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5747\u4e3a \\(O(n)\\) \uff0c\u5176\u4e2d \\(n\\) \u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u6216\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig time_complexity.py
    def array_traversal(nums: list[int]) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u7ebf\u6027\u9636\uff08\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\uff09\"\"\"\n    count = 0\n    # \u5faa\u73af\u6b21\u6570\u4e0e\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u6210\u6b63\u6bd4\n    for num in nums:\n        count += 1\n    return count\n
    time_complexity.cpp
    /* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636\uff08\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\uff09 */\nint arrayTraversal(vector<int> &nums) {\n    int count = 0;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u6b21\u6570\u4e0e\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u6210\u6b63\u6bd4\n    for (int num : nums) {\n        count++;\n    }\n    return count;\n}\n
    time_complexity.java
    /* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636\uff08\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\uff09 */\nint arrayTraversal(int[] nums) {\n    int count = 0;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u6b21\u6570\u4e0e\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u6210\u6b63\u6bd4\n    for (int num : nums) {\n        count++;\n    }\n    return count;\n}\n
    time_complexity.cs
    /* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636\uff08\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\uff09 */\nint ArrayTraversal(int[] nums) {\n    int count = 0;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u6b21\u6570\u4e0e\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u6210\u6b63\u6bd4\n    foreach (int num in nums) {\n        count++;\n    }\n    return count;\n}\n
    time_complexity.go
    /* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636\uff08\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\uff09 */\nfunc arrayTraversal(nums []int) int {\n    count := 0\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u6b21\u6570\u4e0e\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u6210\u6b63\u6bd4\n    for range nums {\n        count++\n    }\n    return count\n}\n
    time_complexity.swift
    /* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636\uff08\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\uff09 */\nfunc arrayTraversal(nums: [Int]) -> Int {\n    var count = 0\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u6b21\u6570\u4e0e\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u6210\u6b63\u6bd4\n    for _ in nums {\n        count += 1\n    }\n    return count\n}\n
    time_complexity.js
    /* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636\uff08\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\uff09 */\nfunction arrayTraversal(nums) {\n    let count = 0;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u6b21\u6570\u4e0e\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u6210\u6b63\u6bd4\n    for (let i = 0; i < nums.length; i++) {\n        count++;\n    }\n    return count;\n}\n
    time_complexity.ts
    /* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636\uff08\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\uff09 */\nfunction arrayTraversal(nums: number[]): number {\n    let count = 0;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u6b21\u6570\u4e0e\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u6210\u6b63\u6bd4\n    for (let i = 0; i < nums.length; i++) {\n        count++;\n    }\n    return count;\n}\n
    time_complexity.dart
    /* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636\uff08\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\uff09 */\nint arrayTraversal(List<int> nums) {\n  int count = 0;\n  // \u5faa\u73af\u6b21\u6570\u4e0e\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u6210\u6b63\u6bd4\n  for (var _num in nums) {\n    count++;\n  }\n  return count;\n}\n
    time_complexity.rs
    /* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636\uff08\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\uff09 */\nfn array_traversal(nums: &[i32]) -> i32 {\n    let mut count = 0;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u6b21\u6570\u4e0e\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u6210\u6b63\u6bd4\n    for _ in nums {\n        count += 1;\n    }\n    count\n}\n
    time_complexity.c
    /* \u7ebf\u6027\u9636\uff08\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\uff09 */\nint arrayTraversal(int *nums, int n) {\n    int count = 0;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u6b21\u6570\u4e0e\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u6210\u6b63\u6bd4\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        count++;\n    }\n    return count;\n}\n
    time_complexity.zig
    // \u7ebf\u6027\u9636\uff08\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\uff09\nfn arrayTraversal(nums: []i32) i32 {\n    var count: i32 = 0;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u6b21\u6570\u4e0e\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u6210\u6b63\u6bd4\n    for (nums) |_| {\n        count += 1;\n    }\n    return count;\n}\n

    \u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5927\u5c0f \\(n\\) \u9700\u6839\u636e\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u6765\u5177\u4f53\u786e\u5b9a\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u53d8\u91cf \\(n\\) \u4e3a\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5927\u5c0f\uff1b\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6 \\(n\\) \u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u5927\u5c0f\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/time_complexity/#3-on2","title":"3. \u00a0 \u5e73\u65b9\u9636 \\(O(n^2)\\)","text":"

    \u5e73\u65b9\u9636\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u91cf\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5927\u5c0f \\(n\\) \u4ee5\u5e73\u65b9\u7ea7\u522b\u589e\u957f\u3002\u5e73\u65b9\u9636\u901a\u5e38\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u5d4c\u5957\u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\uff0c\u5916\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\u548c\u5185\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u90fd\u4e3a \\(O(n)\\) \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u603b\u4f53\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n^2)\\) \uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig time_complexity.py
    def quadratic(n: int) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u5e73\u65b9\u9636\"\"\"\n    count = 0\n    # \u5faa\u73af\u6b21\u6570\u4e0e\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u6210\u5e73\u65b9\u5173\u7cfb\n    for i in range(n):\n        for j in range(n):\n            count += 1\n    return count\n
    time_complexity.cpp
    /* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636 */\nint quadratic(int n) {\n    int count = 0;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u6b21\u6570\u4e0e\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u6210\u5e73\u65b9\u5173\u7cfb\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {\n            count++;\n        }\n    }\n    return count;\n}\n
    time_complexity.java
    /* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636 */\nint quadratic(int n) {\n    int count = 0;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u6b21\u6570\u4e0e\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u6210\u5e73\u65b9\u5173\u7cfb\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {\n            count++;\n        }\n    }\n    return count;\n}\n
    time_complexity.cs
    /* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636 */\nint Quadratic(int n) {\n    int count = 0;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u6b21\u6570\u4e0e\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u6210\u5e73\u65b9\u5173\u7cfb\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {\n            count++;\n        }\n    }\n    return count;\n}\n
    time_complexity.go
    /* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636 */\nfunc quadratic(n int) int {\n    count := 0\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u6b21\u6570\u4e0e\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u6210\u5e73\u65b9\u5173\u7cfb\n    for i := 0; i < n; i++ {\n        for j := 0; j < n; j++ {\n            count++\n        }\n    }\n    return count\n}\n
    time_complexity.swift
    /* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636 */\nfunc quadratic(n: Int) -> Int {\n    var count = 0\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u6b21\u6570\u4e0e\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u6210\u5e73\u65b9\u5173\u7cfb\n    for _ in 0 ..< n {\n        for _ in 0 ..< n {\n            count += 1\n        }\n    }\n    return count\n}\n
    time_complexity.js
    /* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636 */\nfunction quadratic(n) {\n    let count = 0;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u6b21\u6570\u4e0e\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u6210\u5e73\u65b9\u5173\u7cfb\n    for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        for (let j = 0; j < n; j++) {\n            count++;\n        }\n    }\n    return count;\n}\n
    time_complexity.ts
    /* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636 */\nfunction quadratic(n: number): number {\n    let count = 0;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u6b21\u6570\u4e0e\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u6210\u5e73\u65b9\u5173\u7cfb\n    for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        for (let j = 0; j < n; j++) {\n            count++;\n        }\n    }\n    return count;\n}\n
    time_complexity.dart
    /* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636 */\nint quadratic(int n) {\n  int count = 0;\n  // \u5faa\u73af\u6b21\u6570\u4e0e\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u6210\u5e73\u65b9\u5173\u7cfb\n  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n    for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {\n      count++;\n    }\n  }\n  return count;\n}\n
    time_complexity.rs
    /* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636 */\nfn quadratic(n: i32) -> i32 {\n    let mut count = 0;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u6b21\u6570\u4e0e\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u6210\u5e73\u65b9\u5173\u7cfb\n    for _ in 0..n {\n        for _ in 0..n {\n            count += 1;\n        }\n    }\n    count\n}\n
    time_complexity.c
    /* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636 */\nint quadratic(int n) {\n    int count = 0;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u6b21\u6570\u4e0e\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u6210\u5e73\u65b9\u5173\u7cfb\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {\n            count++;\n        }\n    }\n    return count;\n}\n
    time_complexity.zig
    // \u5e73\u65b9\u9636\nfn quadratic(n: i32) i32 {\n    var count: i32 = 0;\n    var i: i32 = 0;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u6b21\u6570\u4e0e\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u6210\u5e73\u65b9\u5173\u7cfb\n    while (i < n) : (i += 1) {\n        var j: i32 = 0;\n        while (j < n) : (j += 1) {\n            count += 1;\n        }\n    }\n    return count;\n}\n

    \u56fe 2-10 \u5bf9\u6bd4\u4e86\u5e38\u6570\u9636\u3001\u7ebf\u6027\u9636\u548c\u5e73\u65b9\u9636\u4e09\u79cd\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u3002

    \u56fe 2-10 \u00a0 \u5e38\u6570\u9636\u3001\u7ebf\u6027\u9636\u548c\u5e73\u65b9\u9636\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6

    \u4ee5\u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u5916\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\u6267\u884c \\(n - 1\\) \u6b21\uff0c\u5185\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\u6267\u884c \\(n-1\\)\u3001\\(n-2\\)\u3001\\(\\dots\\)\u3001\\(2\\)\u3001\\(1\\) \u6b21\uff0c\u5e73\u5747\u4e3a \\(n / 2\\) \u6b21\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O((n - 1) n / 2) = O(n^2)\\) \uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig time_complexity.py
    def bubble_sort(nums: list[int]) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u5e73\u65b9\u9636\uff08\u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\uff09\"\"\"\n    count = 0  # \u8ba1\u6570\u5668\n    # \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\n    for i in range(len(nums) - 1, 0, -1):\n        # \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef\n        for j in range(i):\n            if nums[j] > nums[j + 1]:\n                # \u4ea4\u6362 nums[j] \u4e0e nums[j + 1]\n                tmp: int = nums[j]\n                nums[j] = nums[j + 1]\n                nums[j + 1] = tmp\n                count += 3  # \u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u5305\u542b 3 \u4e2a\u5355\u5143\u64cd\u4f5c\n    return count\n
    time_complexity.cpp
    /* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636\uff08\u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\uff09 */\nint bubbleSort(vector<int> &nums) {\n    int count = 0; // \u8ba1\u6570\u5668\n    // \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\n    for (int i = nums.size() - 1; i > 0; i--) {\n        // \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef\n        for (int j = 0; j < i; j++) {\n            if (nums[j] > nums[j + 1]) {\n                // \u4ea4\u6362 nums[j] \u4e0e nums[j + 1]\n                int tmp = nums[j];\n                nums[j] = nums[j + 1];\n                nums[j + 1] = tmp;\n                count += 3; // \u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u5305\u542b 3 \u4e2a\u5355\u5143\u64cd\u4f5c\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return count;\n}\n
    time_complexity.java
    /* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636\uff08\u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\uff09 */\nint bubbleSort(int[] nums) {\n    int count = 0; // \u8ba1\u6570\u5668\n    // \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\n    for (int i = nums.length - 1; i > 0; i--) {\n        // \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef\n        for (int j = 0; j < i; j++) {\n            if (nums[j] > nums[j + 1]) {\n                // \u4ea4\u6362 nums[j] \u4e0e nums[j + 1]\n                int tmp = nums[j];\n                nums[j] = nums[j + 1];\n                nums[j + 1] = tmp;\n                count += 3; // \u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u5305\u542b 3 \u4e2a\u5355\u5143\u64cd\u4f5c\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return count;\n}\n
    time_complexity.cs
    /* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636\uff08\u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\uff09 */\nint BubbleSort(int[] nums) {\n    int count = 0;  // \u8ba1\u6570\u5668\n    // \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\n    for (int i = nums.Length - 1; i > 0; i--) {\n        // \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef \n        for (int j = 0; j < i; j++) {\n            if (nums[j] > nums[j + 1]) {\n                // \u4ea4\u6362 nums[j] \u4e0e nums[j + 1]\n                (nums[j + 1], nums[j]) = (nums[j], nums[j + 1]);\n                count += 3;  // \u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u5305\u542b 3 \u4e2a\u5355\u5143\u64cd\u4f5c\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return count;\n}\n
    time_complexity.go
    /* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636\uff08\u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\uff09 */\nfunc bubbleSort(nums []int) int {\n    count := 0 // \u8ba1\u6570\u5668\n    // \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\n    for i := len(nums) - 1; i > 0; i-- {\n        // \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef\n        for j := 0; j < i; j++ {\n            if nums[j] > nums[j+1] {\n                // \u4ea4\u6362 nums[j] \u4e0e nums[j + 1]\n                tmp := nums[j]\n                nums[j] = nums[j+1]\n                nums[j+1] = tmp\n                count += 3 // \u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u5305\u542b 3 \u4e2a\u5355\u5143\u64cd\u4f5c\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return count\n}\n
    time_complexity.swift
    /* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636\uff08\u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\uff09 */\nfunc bubbleSort(nums: inout [Int]) -> Int {\n    var count = 0 // \u8ba1\u6570\u5668\n    // \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\n    for i in stride(from: nums.count - 1, to: 0, by: -1) {\n        // \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef \n        for j in 0 ..< i {\n            if nums[j] > nums[j + 1] {\n                // \u4ea4\u6362 nums[j] \u4e0e nums[j + 1]\n                let tmp = nums[j]\n                nums[j] = nums[j + 1]\n                nums[j + 1] = tmp\n                count += 3 // \u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u5305\u542b 3 \u4e2a\u5355\u5143\u64cd\u4f5c\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return count\n}\n
    time_complexity.js
    /* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636\uff08\u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\uff09 */\nfunction bubbleSort(nums) {\n    let count = 0; // \u8ba1\u6570\u5668\n    // \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\n    for (let i = nums.length - 1; i > 0; i--) {\n        // \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef\n        for (let j = 0; j < i; j++) {\n            if (nums[j] > nums[j + 1]) {\n                // \u4ea4\u6362 nums[j] \u4e0e nums[j + 1]\n                let tmp = nums[j];\n                nums[j] = nums[j + 1];\n                nums[j + 1] = tmp;\n                count += 3; // \u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u5305\u542b 3 \u4e2a\u5355\u5143\u64cd\u4f5c\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return count;\n}\n
    time_complexity.ts
    /* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636\uff08\u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\uff09 */\nfunction bubbleSort(nums: number[]): number {\n    let count = 0; // \u8ba1\u6570\u5668\n    // \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\n    for (let i = nums.length - 1; i > 0; i--) {\n        // \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef\n        for (let j = 0; j < i; j++) {\n            if (nums[j] > nums[j + 1]) {\n                // \u4ea4\u6362 nums[j] \u4e0e nums[j + 1]\n                let tmp = nums[j];\n                nums[j] = nums[j + 1];\n                nums[j + 1] = tmp;\n                count += 3; // \u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u5305\u542b 3 \u4e2a\u5355\u5143\u64cd\u4f5c\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return count;\n}\n
    time_complexity.dart
    /* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636\uff08\u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\uff09 */\nint bubbleSort(List<int> nums) {\n  int count = 0; // \u8ba1\u6570\u5668\n  // \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\n  for (var i = nums.length - 1; i > 0; i--) {\n    // \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef\n    for (var j = 0; j < i; j++) {\n      if (nums[j] > nums[j + 1]) {\n        // \u4ea4\u6362 nums[j] \u4e0e nums[j + 1]\n        int tmp = nums[j];\n        nums[j] = nums[j + 1];\n        nums[j + 1] = tmp;\n        count += 3; // \u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u5305\u542b 3 \u4e2a\u5355\u5143\u64cd\u4f5c\n      }\n    }\n  }\n  return count;\n}\n
    time_complexity.rs
    /* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636\uff08\u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\uff09 */\nfn bubble_sort(nums: &mut [i32]) -> i32 {\n    let mut count = 0; // \u8ba1\u6570\u5668\n    // \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\n    for i in (1..nums.len()).rev() {\n        // \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef \n        for j in 0..i {\n            if nums[j] > nums[j + 1] {\n                // \u4ea4\u6362 nums[j] \u4e0e nums[j + 1]\n                let tmp = nums[j];\n                nums[j] = nums[j + 1];\n                nums[j + 1] = tmp;\n                count += 3; // \u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u5305\u542b 3 \u4e2a\u5355\u5143\u64cd\u4f5c\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    count\n}\n
    time_complexity.c
    /* \u5e73\u65b9\u9636\uff08\u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\uff09 */\nint bubbleSort(int *nums, int n) {\n    int count = 0; // \u8ba1\u6570\u5668\n    // \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\n    for (int i = n - 1; i > 0; i--) {\n        // \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef\n        for (int j = 0; j < i; j++) {\n            if (nums[j] > nums[j + 1]) {\n                // \u4ea4\u6362 nums[j] \u4e0e nums[j + 1]\n                int tmp = nums[j];\n                nums[j] = nums[j + 1];\n                nums[j + 1] = tmp;\n                count += 3; // \u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u5305\u542b 3 \u4e2a\u5355\u5143\u64cd\u4f5c\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return count;\n}\n
    time_complexity.zig
    // \u5e73\u65b9\u9636\uff08\u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\uff09\nfn bubbleSort(nums: []i32) i32 {\n    var count: i32 = 0;  // \u8ba1\u6570\u5668 \n    // \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\n    var i: i32 = @as(i32, @intCast(nums.len)) - 1;\n    while (i > 0) : (i -= 1) {\n        var j: usize = 0;\n        // \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef \n        while (j < i) : (j += 1) {\n            if (nums[j] > nums[j + 1]) {\n                // \u4ea4\u6362 nums[j] \u4e0e nums[j + 1]\n                var tmp = nums[j];\n                nums[j] = nums[j + 1];\n                nums[j + 1] = tmp;\n                count += 3;  // \u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u5305\u542b 3 \u4e2a\u5355\u5143\u64cd\u4f5c\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return count;\n}\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/time_complexity/#4-o2n","title":"4. \u00a0 \u6307\u6570\u9636 \\(O(2^n)\\)","text":"

    \u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7684\u201c\u7ec6\u80de\u5206\u88c2\u201d\u662f\u6307\u6570\u9636\u589e\u957f\u7684\u5178\u578b\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a\u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\u4e3a \\(1\\) \u4e2a\u7ec6\u80de\uff0c\u5206\u88c2\u4e00\u8f6e\u540e\u53d8\u4e3a \\(2\\) \u4e2a\uff0c\u5206\u88c2\u4e24\u8f6e\u540e\u53d8\u4e3a \\(4\\) \u4e2a\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u7c7b\u63a8\uff0c\u5206\u88c2 \\(n\\) \u8f6e\u540e\u6709 \\(2^n\\) \u4e2a\u7ec6\u80de\u3002

    \u56fe 2-11 \u548c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u6a21\u62df\u4e86\u7ec6\u80de\u5206\u88c2\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(2^n)\\) \uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig time_complexity.py
    def exponential(n: int) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5faa\u73af\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09\"\"\"\n    count = 0\n    base = 1\n    # \u7ec6\u80de\u6bcf\u8f6e\u4e00\u5206\u4e3a\u4e8c\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u6570\u5217 1, 2, 4, 8, ..., 2^(n-1)\n    for _ in range(n):\n        for _ in range(base):\n            count += 1\n        base *= 2\n    # count = 1 + 2 + 4 + 8 + .. + 2^(n-1) = 2^n - 1\n    return count\n
    time_complexity.cpp
    /* \u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5faa\u73af\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nint exponential(int n) {\n    int count = 0, base = 1;\n    // \u7ec6\u80de\u6bcf\u8f6e\u4e00\u5206\u4e3a\u4e8c\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u6570\u5217 1, 2, 4, 8, ..., 2^(n-1)\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        for (int j = 0; j < base; j++) {\n            count++;\n        }\n        base *= 2;\n    }\n    // count = 1 + 2 + 4 + 8 + .. + 2^(n-1) = 2^n - 1\n    return count;\n}\n
    time_complexity.java
    /* \u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5faa\u73af\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nint exponential(int n) {\n    int count = 0, base = 1;\n    // \u7ec6\u80de\u6bcf\u8f6e\u4e00\u5206\u4e3a\u4e8c\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u6570\u5217 1, 2, 4, 8, ..., 2^(n-1)\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        for (int j = 0; j < base; j++) {\n            count++;\n        }\n        base *= 2;\n    }\n    // count = 1 + 2 + 4 + 8 + .. + 2^(n-1) = 2^n - 1\n    return count;\n}\n
    time_complexity.cs
    /* \u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5faa\u73af\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nint Exponential(int n) {\n    int count = 0, bas = 1;\n    // \u7ec6\u80de\u6bcf\u8f6e\u4e00\u5206\u4e3a\u4e8c\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u6570\u5217 1, 2, 4, 8, ..., 2^(n-1)\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        for (int j = 0; j < bas; j++) {\n            count++;\n        }\n        bas *= 2;\n    }\n    // count = 1 + 2 + 4 + 8 + .. + 2^(n-1) = 2^n - 1\n    return count;\n}\n
    time_complexity.go
    /* \u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5faa\u73af\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09*/\nfunc exponential(n int) int {\n    count, base := 0, 1\n    // \u7ec6\u80de\u6bcf\u8f6e\u4e00\u5206\u4e3a\u4e8c\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u6570\u5217 1, 2, 4, 8, ..., 2^(n-1)\n    for i := 0; i < n; i++ {\n        for j := 0; j < base; j++ {\n            count++\n        }\n        base *= 2\n    }\n    // count = 1 + 2 + 4 + 8 + .. + 2^(n-1) = 2^n - 1\n    return count\n}\n
    time_complexity.swift
    /* \u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5faa\u73af\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nfunc exponential(n: Int) -> Int {\n    var count = 0\n    var base = 1\n    // \u7ec6\u80de\u6bcf\u8f6e\u4e00\u5206\u4e3a\u4e8c\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u6570\u5217 1, 2, 4, 8, ..., 2^(n-1)\n    for _ in 0 ..< n {\n        for _ in 0 ..< base {\n            count += 1\n        }\n        base *= 2\n    }\n    // count = 1 + 2 + 4 + 8 + .. + 2^(n-1) = 2^n - 1\n    return count\n}\n
    time_complexity.js
    /* \u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5faa\u73af\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nfunction exponential(n) {\n    let count = 0,\n        base = 1;\n    // \u7ec6\u80de\u6bcf\u8f6e\u4e00\u5206\u4e3a\u4e8c\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u6570\u5217 1, 2, 4, 8, ..., 2^(n-1)\n    for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        for (let j = 0; j < base; j++) {\n            count++;\n        }\n        base *= 2;\n    }\n    // count = 1 + 2 + 4 + 8 + .. + 2^(n-1) = 2^n - 1\n    return count;\n}\n
    time_complexity.ts
    /* \u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5faa\u73af\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nfunction exponential(n: number): number {\n    let count = 0,\n        base = 1;\n    // \u7ec6\u80de\u6bcf\u8f6e\u4e00\u5206\u4e3a\u4e8c\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u6570\u5217 1, 2, 4, 8, ..., 2^(n-1)\n    for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        for (let j = 0; j < base; j++) {\n            count++;\n        }\n        base *= 2;\n    }\n    // count = 1 + 2 + 4 + 8 + .. + 2^(n-1) = 2^n - 1\n    return count;\n}\n
    time_complexity.dart
    /* \u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5faa\u73af\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nint exponential(int n) {\n  int count = 0, base = 1;\n  // \u7ec6\u80de\u6bcf\u8f6e\u4e00\u5206\u4e3a\u4e8c\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u6570\u5217 1, 2, 4, 8, ..., 2^(n-1)\n  for (var i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n    for (var j = 0; j < base; j++) {\n      count++;\n    }\n    base *= 2;\n  }\n  // count = 1 + 2 + 4 + 8 + .. + 2^(n-1) = 2^n - 1\n  return count;\n}\n
    time_complexity.rs
    /* \u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5faa\u73af\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nfn exponential(n: i32) -> i32 {\n    let mut count = 0;\n    let mut base = 1;\n    // \u7ec6\u80de\u6bcf\u8f6e\u4e00\u5206\u4e3a\u4e8c\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u6570\u5217 1, 2, 4, 8, ..., 2^(n-1)\n    for _ in 0..n {\n        for _ in 0..base {\n            count += 1\n        }\n        base *= 2;\n    }\n    // count = 1 + 2 + 4 + 8 + .. + 2^(n-1) = 2^n - 1\n    count\n}\n
    time_complexity.c
    /* \u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5faa\u73af\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nint exponential(int n) {\n    int count = 0;\n    int bas = 1;\n    // \u7ec6\u80de\u6bcf\u8f6e\u4e00\u5206\u4e3a\u4e8c\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u6570\u5217 1, 2, 4, 8, ..., 2^(n-1)\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        for (int j = 0; j < bas; j++) {\n            count++;\n        }\n        bas *= 2;\n    }\n    // count = 1 + 2 + 4 + 8 + .. + 2^(n-1) = 2^n - 1\n    return count;\n}\n
    time_complexity.zig
    // \u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5faa\u73af\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09\nfn exponential(n: i32) i32 {\n    var count: i32 = 0;\n    var bas: i32 = 1;\n    var i: i32 = 0;\n    // \u7ec6\u80de\u6bcf\u8f6e\u4e00\u5206\u4e3a\u4e8c\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u6570\u5217 1, 2, 4, 8, ..., 2^(n-1)\n    while (i < n) : (i += 1) {\n        var j: i32 = 0;\n        while (j < bas) : (j += 1) {\n            count += 1;\n        }\n        bas *= 2;\n    }\n    // count = 1 + 2 + 4 + 8 + .. + 2^(n-1) = 2^n - 1\n    return count;\n}\n

    \u56fe 2-11 \u00a0 \u6307\u6570\u9636\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6

    \u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e2d\uff0c\u6307\u6570\u9636\u5e38\u51fa\u73b0\u4e8e\u9012\u5f52\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\uff0c\u5176\u9012\u5f52\u5730\u4e00\u5206\u4e3a\u4e8c\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7 \\(n\\) \u6b21\u5206\u88c2\u540e\u505c\u6b62\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig time_complexity.py
    def exp_recur(n: int) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09\"\"\"\n    if n == 1:\n        return 1\n    return exp_recur(n - 1) + exp_recur(n - 1) + 1\n
    time_complexity.cpp
    /* \u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nint expRecur(int n) {\n    if (n == 1)\n        return 1;\n    return expRecur(n - 1) + expRecur(n - 1) + 1;\n}\n
    time_complexity.java
    /* \u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nint expRecur(int n) {\n    if (n == 1)\n        return 1;\n    return expRecur(n - 1) + expRecur(n - 1) + 1;\n}\n
    time_complexity.cs
    /* \u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nint ExpRecur(int n) {\n    if (n == 1) return 1;\n    return ExpRecur(n - 1) + ExpRecur(n - 1) + 1;\n}\n
    time_complexity.go
    /* \u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09*/\nfunc expRecur(n int) int {\n    if n == 1 {\n        return 1\n    }\n    return expRecur(n-1) + expRecur(n-1) + 1\n}\n
    time_complexity.swift
    /* \u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nfunc expRecur(n: Int) -> Int {\n    if n == 1 {\n        return 1\n    }\n    return expRecur(n: n - 1) + expRecur(n: n - 1) + 1\n}\n
    time_complexity.js
    /* \u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nfunction expRecur(n) {\n    if (n === 1) return 1;\n    return expRecur(n - 1) + expRecur(n - 1) + 1;\n}\n
    time_complexity.ts
    /* \u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nfunction expRecur(n: number): number {\n    if (n === 1) return 1;\n    return expRecur(n - 1) + expRecur(n - 1) + 1;\n}\n
    time_complexity.dart
    /* \u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nint expRecur(int n) {\n  if (n == 1) return 1;\n  return expRecur(n - 1) + expRecur(n - 1) + 1;\n}\n
    time_complexity.rs
    /* \u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nfn exp_recur(n: i32) -> i32 {\n    if n == 1 {\n        return 1;\n    }\n    exp_recur(n - 1) + exp_recur(n - 1) + 1\n}\n
    time_complexity.c
    /* \u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nint expRecur(int n) {\n    if (n == 1)\n        return 1;\n    return expRecur(n - 1) + expRecur(n - 1) + 1;\n}\n
    time_complexity.zig
    // \u6307\u6570\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09\nfn expRecur(n: i32) i32 {\n    if (n == 1) return 1;\n    return expRecur(n - 1) + expRecur(n - 1) + 1;\n}\n

    \u6307\u6570\u9636\u589e\u957f\u975e\u5e38\u8fc5\u901f\uff0c\u5728\u7a77\u4e3e\u6cd5\uff08\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22\u3001\u56de\u6eaf\u7b49\uff09\u4e2d\u6bd4\u8f83\u5e38\u89c1\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u89c4\u6a21\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6307\u6570\u9636\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u6216\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u7b49\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/time_complexity/#5-olog-n","title":"5. \u00a0 \u5bf9\u6570\u9636 \\(O(\\log n)\\)","text":"

    \u4e0e\u6307\u6570\u9636\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5bf9\u6570\u9636\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u201c\u6bcf\u8f6e\u7f29\u51cf\u5230\u4e00\u534a\u201d\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u8bbe\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5927\u5c0f\u4e3a \\(n\\) \uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u6bcf\u8f6e\u7f29\u51cf\u5230\u4e00\u534a\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5faa\u73af\u6b21\u6570\u662f \\(\\log_2 n\\) \uff0c\u5373 \\(2^n\\) \u7684\u53cd\u51fd\u6570\u3002

    \u56fe 2-12 \u548c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u6a21\u62df\u4e86\u201c\u6bcf\u8f6e\u7f29\u51cf\u5230\u4e00\u534a\u201d\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(\\log_2 n)\\) \uff0c\u7b80\u8bb0\u4e3a \\(O(\\log n)\\) \uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig time_complexity.py
    def logarithmic(n: float) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u5bf9\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5faa\u73af\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09\"\"\"\n    count = 0\n    while n > 1:\n        n = n / 2\n        count += 1\n    return count\n
    time_complexity.cpp
    /* \u5bf9\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5faa\u73af\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nint logarithmic(float n) {\n    int count = 0;\n    while (n > 1) {\n        n = n / 2;\n        count++;\n    }\n    return count;\n}\n
    time_complexity.java
    /* \u5bf9\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5faa\u73af\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nint logarithmic(float n) {\n    int count = 0;\n    while (n > 1) {\n        n = n / 2;\n        count++;\n    }\n    return count;\n}\n
    time_complexity.cs
    /* \u5bf9\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5faa\u73af\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nint Logarithmic(float n) {\n    int count = 0;\n    while (n > 1) {\n        n /= 2;\n        count++;\n    }\n    return count;\n}\n
    time_complexity.go
    /* \u5bf9\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5faa\u73af\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09*/\nfunc logarithmic(n float64) int {\n    count := 0\n    for n > 1 {\n        n = n / 2\n        count++\n    }\n    return count\n}\n
    time_complexity.swift
    /* \u5bf9\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5faa\u73af\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nfunc logarithmic(n: Double) -> Int {\n    var count = 0\n    var n = n\n    while n > 1 {\n        n = n / 2\n        count += 1\n    }\n    return count\n}\n
    time_complexity.js
    /* \u5bf9\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5faa\u73af\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nfunction logarithmic(n) {\n    let count = 0;\n    while (n > 1) {\n        n = n / 2;\n        count++;\n    }\n    return count;\n}\n
    time_complexity.ts
    /* \u5bf9\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5faa\u73af\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nfunction logarithmic(n: number): number {\n    let count = 0;\n    while (n > 1) {\n        n = n / 2;\n        count++;\n    }\n    return count;\n}\n
    time_complexity.dart
    /* \u5bf9\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5faa\u73af\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nint logarithmic(num n) {\n  int count = 0;\n  while (n > 1) {\n    n = n / 2;\n    count++;\n  }\n  return count;\n}\n
    time_complexity.rs
    /* \u5bf9\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5faa\u73af\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nfn logarithmic(mut n: f32) -> i32 {\n    let mut count = 0;\n    while n > 1.0 {\n        n = n / 2.0;\n        count += 1;\n    }\n    count\n}\n
    time_complexity.c
    /* \u5bf9\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5faa\u73af\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nint logarithmic(float n) {\n    int count = 0;\n    while (n > 1) {\n        n = n / 2;\n        count++;\n    }\n    return count;\n}\n
    time_complexity.zig
    // \u5bf9\u6570\u9636\uff08\u5faa\u73af\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09\nfn logarithmic(n: f32) i32 {\n    var count: i32 = 0;\n    var n_var = n;\n    while (n_var > 1)\n    {\n        n_var = n_var / 2;\n        count +=1;\n    }\n    return count;\n}\n

    \u56fe 2-12 \u00a0 \u5bf9\u6570\u9636\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6

    \u4e0e\u6307\u6570\u9636\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u5bf9\u6570\u9636\u4e5f\u5e38\u51fa\u73b0\u4e8e\u9012\u5f52\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u68f5\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(\\log_2 n\\) \u7684\u9012\u5f52\u6811\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig time_complexity.py
    def log_recur(n: float) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u5bf9\u6570\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09\"\"\"\n    if n <= 1:\n        return 0\n    return log_recur(n / 2) + 1\n
    time_complexity.cpp
    /* \u5bf9\u6570\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nint logRecur(float n) {\n    if (n <= 1)\n        return 0;\n    return logRecur(n / 2) + 1;\n}\n
    time_complexity.java
    /* \u5bf9\u6570\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nint logRecur(float n) {\n    if (n <= 1)\n        return 0;\n    return logRecur(n / 2) + 1;\n}\n
    time_complexity.cs
    /* \u5bf9\u6570\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nint LogRecur(float n) {\n    if (n <= 1) return 0;\n    return LogRecur(n / 2) + 1;\n}\n
    time_complexity.go
    /* \u5bf9\u6570\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09*/\nfunc logRecur(n float64) int {\n    if n <= 1 {\n        return 0\n    }\n    return logRecur(n/2) + 1\n}\n
    time_complexity.swift
    /* \u5bf9\u6570\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nfunc logRecur(n: Double) -> Int {\n    if n <= 1 {\n        return 0\n    }\n    return logRecur(n: n / 2) + 1\n}\n
    time_complexity.js
    /* \u5bf9\u6570\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nfunction logRecur(n) {\n    if (n <= 1) return 0;\n    return logRecur(n / 2) + 1;\n}\n
    time_complexity.ts
    /* \u5bf9\u6570\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nfunction logRecur(n: number): number {\n    if (n <= 1) return 0;\n    return logRecur(n / 2) + 1;\n}\n
    time_complexity.dart
    /* \u5bf9\u6570\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nint logRecur(num n) {\n  if (n <= 1) return 0;\n  return logRecur(n / 2) + 1;\n}\n
    time_complexity.rs
    /* \u5bf9\u6570\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nfn log_recur(n: f32) -> i32 {\n    if n <= 1.0 {\n        return 0;\n    }\n    log_recur(n / 2.0) + 1\n}\n
    time_complexity.c
    /* \u5bf9\u6570\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nint logRecur(float n) {\n    if (n <= 1)\n        return 0;\n    return logRecur(n / 2) + 1;\n}\n
    time_complexity.zig
    // \u5bf9\u6570\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09\nfn logRecur(n: f32) i32 {\n    if (n <= 1) return 0;\n    return logRecur(n / 2) + 1;\n}\n

    \u5bf9\u6570\u9636\u5e38\u51fa\u73b0\u4e8e\u57fa\u4e8e\u5206\u6cbb\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u201c\u4e00\u5206\u4e3a\u591a\u201d\u548c\u201c\u5316\u7e41\u4e3a\u7b80\u201d\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u601d\u60f3\u3002\u5b83\u589e\u957f\u7f13\u6162\uff0c\u662f\u4ec5\u6b21\u4e8e\u5e38\u6570\u9636\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u3002

    \\(O(\\log n)\\) \u7684\u5e95\u6570\u662f\u591a\u5c11\uff1f

    \u51c6\u786e\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u4e00\u5206\u4e3a \\(m\\)\u201d\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u662f \\(O(\\log_m n)\\) \u3002\u800c\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u6570\u6362\u5e95\u516c\u5f0f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u5e95\u6570\u3001\u76f8\u7b49\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a

    \\[ O(\\log_m n) = O(\\log_k n / \\log_k m) = O(\\log_k n) \\]

    \u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5e95\u6570 \\(m\\) \u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e0d\u5f71\u54cd\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\u8f6c\u6362\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u7701\u7565\u5e95\u6570 \\(m\\) \uff0c\u5c06\u5bf9\u6570\u9636\u76f4\u63a5\u8bb0\u4e3a \\(O(\\log n)\\) \u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/time_complexity/#6-on-log-n","title":"6. \u00a0 \u7ebf\u6027\u5bf9\u6570\u9636 \\(O(n \\log n)\\)","text":"

    \u7ebf\u6027\u5bf9\u6570\u9636\u5e38\u51fa\u73b0\u4e8e\u5d4c\u5957\u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e24\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5206\u522b\u4e3a \\(O(\\log n)\\) \u548c \\(O(n)\\) \u3002\u76f8\u5173\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig time_complexity.py
    def linear_log_recur(n: float) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u7ebf\u6027\u5bf9\u6570\u9636\"\"\"\n    if n <= 1:\n        return 1\n    count: int = linear_log_recur(n // 2) + linear_log_recur(n // 2)\n    for _ in range(n):\n        count += 1\n    return count\n
    time_complexity.cpp
    /* \u7ebf\u6027\u5bf9\u6570\u9636 */\nint linearLogRecur(float n) {\n    if (n <= 1)\n        return 1;\n    int count = linearLogRecur(n / 2) + linearLogRecur(n / 2);\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        count++;\n    }\n    return count;\n}\n
    time_complexity.java
    /* \u7ebf\u6027\u5bf9\u6570\u9636 */\nint linearLogRecur(float n) {\n    if (n <= 1)\n        return 1;\n    int count = linearLogRecur(n / 2) + linearLogRecur(n / 2);\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        count++;\n    }\n    return count;\n}\n
    time_complexity.cs
    /* \u7ebf\u6027\u5bf9\u6570\u9636 */\nint LinearLogRecur(float n) {\n    if (n <= 1) return 1;\n    int count = LinearLogRecur(n / 2) + LinearLogRecur(n / 2);\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        count++;\n    }\n    return count;\n}\n
    time_complexity.go
    /* \u7ebf\u6027\u5bf9\u6570\u9636 */\nfunc linearLogRecur(n float64) int {\n    if n <= 1 {\n        return 1\n    }\n    count := linearLogRecur(n/2) + linearLogRecur(n/2)\n    for i := 0.0; i < n; i++ {\n        count++\n    }\n    return count\n}\n
    time_complexity.swift
    /* \u7ebf\u6027\u5bf9\u6570\u9636 */\nfunc linearLogRecur(n: Double) -> Int {\n    if n <= 1 {\n        return 1\n    }\n    var count = linearLogRecur(n: n / 2) + linearLogRecur(n: n / 2)\n    for _ in stride(from: 0, to: n, by: 1) {\n        count += 1\n    }\n    return count\n}\n
    time_complexity.js
    /* \u7ebf\u6027\u5bf9\u6570\u9636 */\nfunction linearLogRecur(n) {\n    if (n <= 1) return 1;\n    let count = linearLogRecur(n / 2) + linearLogRecur(n / 2);\n    for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        count++;\n    }\n    return count;\n}\n
    time_complexity.ts
    /* \u7ebf\u6027\u5bf9\u6570\u9636 */\nfunction linearLogRecur(n: number): number {\n    if (n <= 1) return 1;\n    let count = linearLogRecur(n / 2) + linearLogRecur(n / 2);\n    for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        count++;\n    }\n    return count;\n}\n
    time_complexity.dart
    /* \u7ebf\u6027\u5bf9\u6570\u9636 */\nint linearLogRecur(num n) {\n  if (n <= 1) return 1;\n  int count = linearLogRecur(n / 2) + linearLogRecur(n / 2);\n  for (var i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n    count++;\n  }\n  return count;\n}\n
    time_complexity.rs
    /* \u7ebf\u6027\u5bf9\u6570\u9636 */\nfn linear_log_recur(n: f32) -> i32 {\n    if n <= 1.0 {\n        return 1;\n    }\n    let mut count = linear_log_recur(n / 2.0) + linear_log_recur(n / 2.0);\n    for _ in 0 ..n as i32 {\n        count += 1;\n    }\n    return count\n}\n
    time_complexity.c
    /* \u7ebf\u6027\u5bf9\u6570\u9636 */\nint linearLogRecur(float n) {\n    if (n <= 1)\n        return 1;\n    int count = linearLogRecur(n / 2) + linearLogRecur(n / 2);\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        count++;\n    }\n    return count;\n}\n
    time_complexity.zig
    // \u7ebf\u6027\u5bf9\u6570\u9636\nfn linearLogRecur(n: f32) i32 {\n    if (n <= 1) return 1;\n    var count: i32 = linearLogRecur(n / 2) + linearLogRecur(n / 2);\n    var i: f32 = 0;\n    while (i < n) : (i += 1) {\n        count += 1;\n    }\n    return count;\n}\n

    \u56fe 2-13 \u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u7ebf\u6027\u5bf9\u6570\u9636\u7684\u751f\u6210\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u5c42\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u603b\u6570\u90fd\u4e3a \\(n\\) \uff0c\u6811\u5171\u6709 \\(\\log_2 n + 1\\) \u5c42\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n \\log n)\\) \u3002

    \u56fe 2-13 \u00a0 \u7ebf\u6027\u5bf9\u6570\u9636\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6

    \u4e3b\u6d41\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u901a\u5e38\u4e3a \\(O(n \\log n)\\) \uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u3001\u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f\u3001\u5806\u6392\u5e8f\u7b49\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/time_complexity/#7-on","title":"7. \u00a0 \u9636\u4e58\u9636 \\(O(n!)\\)","text":"

    \u9636\u4e58\u9636\u5bf9\u5e94\u6570\u5b66\u4e0a\u7684\u201c\u5168\u6392\u5217\u201d\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u7ed9\u5b9a \\(n\\) \u4e2a\u4e92\u4e0d\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u6c42\u5176\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u6392\u5217\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u91cf\u4e3a\uff1a

    \\[ n! = n \\times (n - 1) \\times (n - 2) \\times \\dots \\times 2 \\times 1 \\]

    \u9636\u4e58\u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u5982\u56fe 2-14 \u548c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u5c42\u5206\u88c2\u51fa \\(n\\) \u4e2a\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5c42\u5206\u88c2\u51fa \\(n - 1\\) \u4e2a\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u7c7b\u63a8\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u7b2c \\(n\\) \u5c42\u65f6\u505c\u6b62\u5206\u88c2\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig time_complexity.py
    def factorial_recur(n: int) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u9636\u4e58\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09\"\"\"\n    if n == 0:\n        return 1\n    count = 0\n    # \u4ece 1 \u4e2a\u5206\u88c2\u51fa n \u4e2a\n    for _ in range(n):\n        count += factorial_recur(n - 1)\n    return count\n
    time_complexity.cpp
    /* \u9636\u4e58\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nint factorialRecur(int n) {\n    if (n == 0)\n        return 1;\n    int count = 0;\n    // \u4ece 1 \u4e2a\u5206\u88c2\u51fa n \u4e2a\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        count += factorialRecur(n - 1);\n    }\n    return count;\n}\n
    time_complexity.java
    /* \u9636\u4e58\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nint factorialRecur(int n) {\n    if (n == 0)\n        return 1;\n    int count = 0;\n    // \u4ece 1 \u4e2a\u5206\u88c2\u51fa n \u4e2a\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        count += factorialRecur(n - 1);\n    }\n    return count;\n}\n
    time_complexity.cs
    /* \u9636\u4e58\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nint FactorialRecur(int n) {\n    if (n == 0) return 1;\n    int count = 0;\n    // \u4ece 1 \u4e2a\u5206\u88c2\u51fa n \u4e2a\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        count += FactorialRecur(n - 1);\n    }\n    return count;\n}\n
    time_complexity.go
    /* \u9636\u4e58\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nfunc factorialRecur(n int) int {\n    if n == 0 {\n        return 1\n    }\n    count := 0\n    // \u4ece 1 \u4e2a\u5206\u88c2\u51fa n \u4e2a\n    for i := 0; i < n; i++ {\n        count += factorialRecur(n - 1)\n    }\n    return count\n}\n
    time_complexity.swift
    /* \u9636\u4e58\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nfunc factorialRecur(n: Int) -> Int {\n    if n == 0 {\n        return 1\n    }\n    var count = 0\n    // \u4ece 1 \u4e2a\u5206\u88c2\u51fa n \u4e2a\n    for _ in 0 ..< n {\n        count += factorialRecur(n: n - 1)\n    }\n    return count\n}\n
    time_complexity.js
    /* \u9636\u4e58\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nfunction factorialRecur(n) {\n    if (n === 0) return 1;\n    let count = 0;\n    // \u4ece 1 \u4e2a\u5206\u88c2\u51fa n \u4e2a\n    for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        count += factorialRecur(n - 1);\n    }\n    return count;\n}\n
    time_complexity.ts
    /* \u9636\u4e58\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nfunction factorialRecur(n: number): number {\n    if (n === 0) return 1;\n    let count = 0;\n    // \u4ece 1 \u4e2a\u5206\u88c2\u51fa n \u4e2a\n    for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        count += factorialRecur(n - 1);\n    }\n    return count;\n}\n
    time_complexity.dart
    /* \u9636\u4e58\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nint factorialRecur(int n) {\n  if (n == 0) return 1;\n  int count = 0;\n  // \u4ece 1 \u4e2a\u5206\u88c2\u51fa n \u4e2a\n  for (var i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n    count += factorialRecur(n - 1);\n  }\n  return count;\n}\n
    time_complexity.rs
    /* \u9636\u4e58\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nfn factorial_recur(n: i32) -> i32 {\n    if n == 0 {\n        return 1;\n    }\n    let mut count = 0;\n    // \u4ece 1 \u4e2a\u5206\u88c2\u51fa n \u4e2a\n    for _ in 0..n {\n        count += factorial_recur(n - 1);\n    }\n    count\n}\n
    time_complexity.c
    /* \u9636\u4e58\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09 */\nint factorialRecur(int n) {\n    if (n == 0)\n        return 1;\n    int count = 0;\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        count += factorialRecur(n - 1);\n    }\n    return count;\n}\n
    time_complexity.zig
    // \u9636\u4e58\u9636\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09\nfn factorialRecur(n: i32) i32 {\n    if (n == 0) return 1;\n    var count: i32 = 0;\n    var i: i32 = 0;\n    // \u4ece 1 \u4e2a\u5206\u88c2\u51fa n \u4e2a\n    while (i < n) : (i += 1) {\n        count += factorialRecur(n - 1);\n    }\n    return count;\n}\n

    \u56fe 2-14 \u00a0 \u9636\u4e58\u9636\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6

    \u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5f53 \\(n \\geq 4\\) \u65f6\u6052\u6709 \\(n! > 2^n\\) \uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u9636\u4e58\u9636\u6bd4\u6307\u6570\u9636\u589e\u957f\u5f97\u66f4\u5feb\uff0c\u5728 \\(n\\) \u8f83\u5927\u65f6\u4e5f\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_computational_complexity/time_complexity/#235","title":"2.3.5 \u00a0 \u6700\u5dee\u3001\u6700\u4f73\u3001\u5e73\u5747\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6","text":"

    \u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6548\u7387\u5f80\u5f80\u4e0d\u662f\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e0e\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u6709\u5173\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u8f93\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(n\\) \u7684\u6570\u7ec4 nums \uff0c\u5176\u4e2d nums \u7531\u4ece \\(1\\) \u81f3 \\(n\\) \u7684\u6570\u5b57\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u53ea\u51fa\u73b0\u4e00\u6b21\uff1b\u4f46\u5143\u7d20\u987a\u5e8f\u662f\u968f\u673a\u6253\u4e71\u7684\uff0c\u4efb\u52a1\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u8fd4\u56de\u5143\u7d20 \\(1\\) \u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u51fa\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7ed3\u8bba\u3002

    • \u5f53 nums = [?, ?, ..., 1] \uff0c\u5373\u5f53\u672b\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\u662f \\(1\\) \u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5b8c\u6574\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u5dee\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 \\(O(n)\\) \u3002
    • \u5f53 nums = [1, ?, ?, ...] \uff0c\u5373\u5f53\u9996\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u4e3a \\(1\\) \u65f6\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u6570\u7ec4\u591a\u957f\u90fd\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7ee7\u7eed\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u4f73\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 \\(\\Omega(1)\\) \u3002

    \u201c\u6700\u5dee\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u201d\u5bf9\u5e94\u51fd\u6570\u6e10\u8fd1\u4e0a\u754c\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u5927 \\(O\\) \u8bb0\u53f7\u8868\u793a\u3002\u76f8\u5e94\u5730\uff0c\u201c\u6700\u4f73\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u201d\u5bf9\u5e94\u51fd\u6570\u6e10\u8fd1\u4e0b\u754c\uff0c\u7528 \\(\\Omega\\) \u8bb0\u53f7\u8868\u793a\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig worst_best_time_complexity.py
    def random_numbers(n: int) -> list[int]:\n    \"\"\"\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u4e3a: 1, 2, ..., n \uff0c\u987a\u5e8f\u88ab\u6253\u4e71\"\"\"\n    # \u751f\u6210\u6570\u7ec4 nums =: 1, 2, 3, ..., n\n    nums = [i for i in range(1, n + 1)]\n    # \u968f\u673a\u6253\u4e71\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\n    random.shuffle(nums)\n    return nums\n\ndef find_one(nums: list[int]) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u67e5\u627e\u6570\u7ec4 nums \u4e2d\u6570\u5b57 1 \u6240\u5728\u7d22\u5f15\"\"\"\n    for i in range(len(nums)):\n        # \u5f53\u5143\u7d20 1 \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u65f6\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u4f73\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(1)\n        # \u5f53\u5143\u7d20 1 \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u65f6\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u5dee\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(n)\n        if nums[i] == 1:\n            return i\n    return -1\n
    worst_best_time_complexity.cpp
    /* \u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u4e3a { 1, 2, ..., n }\uff0c\u987a\u5e8f\u88ab\u6253\u4e71 */\nvector<int> randomNumbers(int n) {\n    vector<int> nums(n);\n    // \u751f\u6210\u6570\u7ec4 nums = { 1, 2, 3, ..., n }\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        nums[i] = i + 1;\n    }\n    // \u4f7f\u7528\u7cfb\u7edf\u65f6\u95f4\u751f\u6210\u968f\u673a\u79cd\u5b50\n    unsigned seed = chrono::system_clock::now().time_since_epoch().count();\n    // \u968f\u673a\u6253\u4e71\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\n    shuffle(nums.begin(), nums.end(), default_random_engine(seed));\n    return nums;\n}\n\n/* \u67e5\u627e\u6570\u7ec4 nums \u4e2d\u6570\u5b57 1 \u6240\u5728\u7d22\u5f15 */\nint findOne(vector<int> &nums) {\n    for (int i = 0; i < nums.size(); i++) {\n        // \u5f53\u5143\u7d20 1 \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u65f6\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u4f73\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(1)\n        // \u5f53\u5143\u7d20 1 \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u65f6\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u5dee\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(n)\n        if (nums[i] == 1)\n            return i;\n    }\n    return -1;\n}\n
    worst_best_time_complexity.java
    /* \u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u4e3a { 1, 2, ..., n }\uff0c\u987a\u5e8f\u88ab\u6253\u4e71 */\nint[] randomNumbers(int n) {\n    Integer[] nums = new Integer[n];\n    // \u751f\u6210\u6570\u7ec4 nums = { 1, 2, 3, ..., n }\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        nums[i] = i + 1;\n    }\n    // \u968f\u673a\u6253\u4e71\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\n    Collections.shuffle(Arrays.asList(nums));\n    // Integer[] -> int[]\n    int[] res = new int[n];\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        res[i] = nums[i];\n    }\n    return res;\n}\n\n/* \u67e5\u627e\u6570\u7ec4 nums \u4e2d\u6570\u5b57 1 \u6240\u5728\u7d22\u5f15 */\nint findOne(int[] nums) {\n    for (int i = 0; i < nums.length; i++) {\n        // \u5f53\u5143\u7d20 1 \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u65f6\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u4f73\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(1)\n        // \u5f53\u5143\u7d20 1 \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u65f6\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u5dee\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(n)\n        if (nums[i] == 1)\n            return i;\n    }\n    return -1;\n}\n
    worst_best_time_complexity.cs
    /* \u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u4e3a { 1, 2, ..., n }\uff0c\u987a\u5e8f\u88ab\u6253\u4e71 */\nint[] RandomNumbers(int n) {\n    int[] nums = new int[n];\n    // \u751f\u6210\u6570\u7ec4 nums = { 1, 2, 3, ..., n }\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        nums[i] = i + 1;\n    }\n\n    // \u968f\u673a\u6253\u4e71\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\n    for (int i = 0; i < nums.Length; i++) {\n        int index = new Random().Next(i, nums.Length);\n        (nums[i], nums[index]) = (nums[index], nums[i]);\n    }\n    return nums;\n}\n\n/* \u67e5\u627e\u6570\u7ec4 nums \u4e2d\u6570\u5b57 1 \u6240\u5728\u7d22\u5f15 */\nint FindOne(int[] nums) {\n    for (int i = 0; i < nums.Length; i++) {\n        // \u5f53\u5143\u7d20 1 \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u65f6\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u4f73\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(1)\n        // \u5f53\u5143\u7d20 1 \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u65f6\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u5dee\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(n)\n        if (nums[i] == 1)\n            return i;\n    }\n    return -1;\n}\n
    worst_best_time_complexity.go
    /* \u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u4e3a { 1, 2, ..., n }\uff0c\u987a\u5e8f\u88ab\u6253\u4e71 */\nfunc randomNumbers(n int) []int {\n    nums := make([]int, n)\n    // \u751f\u6210\u6570\u7ec4 nums = { 1, 2, 3, ..., n }\n    for i := 0; i < n; i++ {\n        nums[i] = i + 1\n    }\n    // \u968f\u673a\u6253\u4e71\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\n    rand.Shuffle(len(nums), func(i, j int) {\n        nums[i], nums[j] = nums[j], nums[i]\n    })\n    return nums\n}\n\n/* \u67e5\u627e\u6570\u7ec4 nums \u4e2d\u6570\u5b57 1 \u6240\u5728\u7d22\u5f15 */\nfunc findOne(nums []int) int {\n    for i := 0; i < len(nums); i++ {\n        // \u5f53\u5143\u7d20 1 \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u65f6\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u4f73\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(1)\n        // \u5f53\u5143\u7d20 1 \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u65f6\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u5dee\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(n)\n        if nums[i] == 1 {\n            return i\n        }\n    }\n    return -1\n}\n
    worst_best_time_complexity.swift
    /* \u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u4e3a { 1, 2, ..., n }\uff0c\u987a\u5e8f\u88ab\u6253\u4e71 */\nfunc randomNumbers(n: Int) -> [Int] {\n    // \u751f\u6210\u6570\u7ec4 nums = { 1, 2, 3, ..., n }\n    var nums = Array(1 ... n)\n    // \u968f\u673a\u6253\u4e71\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\n    nums.shuffle()\n    return nums\n}\n\n/* \u67e5\u627e\u6570\u7ec4 nums \u4e2d\u6570\u5b57 1 \u6240\u5728\u7d22\u5f15 */\nfunc findOne(nums: [Int]) -> Int {\n    for i in nums.indices {\n        // \u5f53\u5143\u7d20 1 \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u65f6\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u4f73\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(1)\n        // \u5f53\u5143\u7d20 1 \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u65f6\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u5dee\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(n)\n        if nums[i] == 1 {\n            return i\n        }\n    }\n    return -1\n}\n
    worst_best_time_complexity.js
    /* \u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u4e3a { 1, 2, ..., n }\uff0c\u987a\u5e8f\u88ab\u6253\u4e71 */\nfunction randomNumbers(n) {\n    const nums = Array(n);\n    // \u751f\u6210\u6570\u7ec4 nums = { 1, 2, 3, ..., n }\n    for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        nums[i] = i + 1;\n    }\n    // \u968f\u673a\u6253\u4e71\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\n    for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        const r = Math.floor(Math.random() * (i + 1));\n        const temp = nums[i];\n        nums[i] = nums[r];\n        nums[r] = temp;\n    }\n    return nums;\n}\n\n/* \u67e5\u627e\u6570\u7ec4 nums \u4e2d\u6570\u5b57 1 \u6240\u5728\u7d22\u5f15 */\nfunction findOne(nums) {\n    for (let i = 0; i < nums.length; i++) {\n        // \u5f53\u5143\u7d20 1 \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u65f6\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u4f73\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(1)\n        // \u5f53\u5143\u7d20 1 \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u65f6\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u5dee\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(n)\n        if (nums[i] === 1) {\n            return i;\n        }\n    }\n    return -1;\n}\n
    worst_best_time_complexity.ts
    /* \u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u4e3a { 1, 2, ..., n }\uff0c\u987a\u5e8f\u88ab\u6253\u4e71 */\nfunction randomNumbers(n: number): number[] {\n    const nums = Array(n);\n    // \u751f\u6210\u6570\u7ec4 nums = { 1, 2, 3, ..., n }\n    for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        nums[i] = i + 1;\n    }\n    // \u968f\u673a\u6253\u4e71\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\n    for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        const r = Math.floor(Math.random() * (i + 1));\n        const temp = nums[i];\n        nums[i] = nums[r];\n        nums[r] = temp;\n    }\n    return nums;\n}\n\n/* \u67e5\u627e\u6570\u7ec4 nums \u4e2d\u6570\u5b57 1 \u6240\u5728\u7d22\u5f15 */\nfunction findOne(nums: number[]): number {\n    for (let i = 0; i < nums.length; i++) {\n        // \u5f53\u5143\u7d20 1 \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u65f6\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u4f73\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(1)\n        // \u5f53\u5143\u7d20 1 \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u65f6\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u5dee\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(n)\n        if (nums[i] === 1) {\n            return i;\n        }\n    }\n    return -1;\n}\n
    worst_best_time_complexity.dart
    /* \u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u4e3a { 1, 2, ..., n }\uff0c\u987a\u5e8f\u88ab\u6253\u4e71 */\nList<int> randomNumbers(int n) {\n  final nums = List.filled(n, 0);\n  // \u751f\u6210\u6570\u7ec4 nums = { 1, 2, 3, ..., n }\n  for (var i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n    nums[i] = i + 1;\n  }\n  // \u968f\u673a\u6253\u4e71\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\n  nums.shuffle();\n\n  return nums;\n}\n\n/* \u67e5\u627e\u6570\u7ec4 nums \u4e2d\u6570\u5b57 1 \u6240\u5728\u7d22\u5f15 */\nint findOne(List<int> nums) {\n  for (var i = 0; i < nums.length; i++) {\n    // \u5f53\u5143\u7d20 1 \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u65f6\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u4f73\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(1)\n    // \u5f53\u5143\u7d20 1 \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u65f6\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u5dee\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(n)\n    if (nums[i] == 1) return i;\n  }\n\n  return -1;\n}\n
    worst_best_time_complexity.rs
    /* \u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u4e3a { 1, 2, ..., n }\uff0c\u987a\u5e8f\u88ab\u6253\u4e71 */\nfn random_numbers(n: i32) -> Vec<i32> {\n    // \u751f\u6210\u6570\u7ec4 nums = { 1, 2, 3, ..., n }\n    let mut nums = (1..=n).collect::<Vec<i32>>();\n    // \u968f\u673a\u6253\u4e71\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\n    nums.shuffle(&mut thread_rng());\n    nums\n}\n\n/* \u67e5\u627e\u6570\u7ec4 nums \u4e2d\u6570\u5b57 1 \u6240\u5728\u7d22\u5f15 */\nfn find_one(nums: &[i32]) -> Option<usize> {\n    for i in 0..nums.len() {\n        // \u5f53\u5143\u7d20 1 \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u65f6\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u4f73\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(1)\n        // \u5f53\u5143\u7d20 1 \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u65f6\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u5dee\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(n)\n        if nums[i] == 1 {\n            return Some(i);\n        }\n    }\n    None\n}\n
    worst_best_time_complexity.c
    /* \u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u4e3a { 1, 2, ..., n }\uff0c\u987a\u5e8f\u88ab\u6253\u4e71 */\nint *randomNumbers(int n) {\n    // \u5206\u914d\u5806\u533a\u5185\u5b58\uff08\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u7ef4\u53ef\u53d8\u957f\u6570\u7ec4\uff1a\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u4e3a n \uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u7c7b\u578b\u4e3a int \uff09\n    int *nums = (int *)malloc(n * sizeof(int));\n    // \u751f\u6210\u6570\u7ec4 nums = { 1, 2, 3, ..., n }\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        nums[i] = i + 1;\n    }\n    // \u968f\u673a\u6253\u4e71\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\n    for (int i = n - 1; i > 0; i--) {\n        int j = rand() % (i + 1);\n        int temp = nums[i];\n        nums[i] = nums[j];\n        nums[j] = temp;\n    }\n    return nums;\n}\n\n/* \u67e5\u627e\u6570\u7ec4 nums \u4e2d\u6570\u5b57 1 \u6240\u5728\u7d22\u5f15 */\nint findOne(int *nums, int n) {\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        // \u5f53\u5143\u7d20 1 \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u65f6\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u4f73\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(1)\n        // \u5f53\u5143\u7d20 1 \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u65f6\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u5dee\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(n)\n        if (nums[i] == 1)\n            return i;\n    }\n    return -1;\n}\n
    worst_best_time_complexity.zig
    // \u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u4e3a { 1, 2, ..., n }\uff0c\u987a\u5e8f\u88ab\u6253\u4e71\nfn randomNumbers(comptime n: usize) [n]i32 {\n    var nums: [n]i32 = undefined;\n    // \u751f\u6210\u6570\u7ec4 nums = { 1, 2, 3, ..., n }\n    for (&nums, 0..) |*num, i| {\n        num.* = @as(i32, @intCast(i)) + 1;\n    }\n    // \u968f\u673a\u6253\u4e71\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\n    const rand = std.crypto.random;\n    rand.shuffle(i32, &nums);\n    return nums;\n}\n\n// \u67e5\u627e\u6570\u7ec4 nums \u4e2d\u6570\u5b57 1 \u6240\u5728\u7d22\u5f15\nfn findOne(nums: []i32) i32 {\n    for (nums, 0..) |num, i| {\n        // \u5f53\u5143\u7d20 1 \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u65f6\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u4f73\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(1)\n        // \u5f53\u5143\u7d20 1 \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u65f6\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u5dee\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 O(n)\n        if (num == 1) return @intCast(i);\n    }\n    return -1;\n}\n

    \u503c\u5f97\u8bf4\u660e\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u4e2d\u5f88\u5c11\u4f7f\u7528\u6700\u4f73\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u901a\u5e38\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u5f88\u5c0f\u6982\u7387\u4e0b\u624d\u80fd\u8fbe\u5230\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5e26\u6765\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u8bef\u5bfc\u6027\u3002\u800c\u6700\u5dee\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u66f4\u4e3a\u5b9e\u7528\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6548\u7387\u5b89\u5168\u503c\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u653e\u5fc3\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002

    \u4ece\u4e0a\u8ff0\u793a\u4f8b\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\uff0c\u6700\u5dee\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u548c\u6700\u4f73\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u53ea\u51fa\u73b0\u4e8e\u201c\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5206\u5e03\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6982\u7387\u53ef\u80fd\u5f88\u5c0f\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u771f\u5b9e\u5730\u53cd\u6620\u7b97\u6cd5\u8fd0\u884c\u6548\u7387\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u5e73\u5747\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f53\u73b0\u7b97\u6cd5\u5728\u968f\u673a\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u4e0b\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u7528 \\(\\Theta\\) \u8bb0\u53f7\u6765\u8868\u793a\u3002

    \u5bf9\u4e8e\u90e8\u5206\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u63a8\u7b97\u51fa\u968f\u673a\u6570\u636e\u5206\u5e03\u4e0b\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u4e0a\u8ff0\u793a\u4f8b\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u7ec4\u662f\u88ab\u6253\u4e71\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5143\u7d20 \\(1\\) \u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u4efb\u610f\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u6982\u7387\u90fd\u662f\u76f8\u7b49\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u5faa\u73af\u6b21\u6570\u5c31\u662f\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u4e00\u534a \\(n / 2\\) \uff0c\u5e73\u5747\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(\\Theta(n / 2) = \\Theta(n)\\) \u3002

    \u4f46\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8f83\u4e3a\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u5e73\u5747\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5f80\u5f80\u6bd4\u8f83\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5f88\u96be\u5206\u6790\u51fa\u5728\u6570\u636e\u5206\u5e03\u4e0b\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u6570\u5b66\u671f\u671b\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u6700\u5dee\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7b97\u6cd5\u6548\u7387\u7684\u8bc4\u5224\u6807\u51c6\u3002

    \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5f88\u5c11\u770b\u5230 \\(\\Theta\\) \u7b26\u53f7\uff1f

    \u53ef\u80fd\u7531\u4e8e \\(O\\) \u7b26\u53f7\u8fc7\u4e8e\u6717\u6717\u4e0a\u53e3\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u5e38\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\u6765\u8868\u793a\u5e73\u5747\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u3002\u4f46\u4ece\u4e25\u683c\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u8bb2\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u505a\u6cd5\u5e76\u4e0d\u89c4\u8303\u3002\u5728\u672c\u4e66\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u8d44\u6599\u4e2d\uff0c\u82e5\u9047\u5230\u7c7b\u4f3c\u201c\u5e73\u5747\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 \\(O(n)\\)\u201d\u7684\u8868\u8ff0\uff0c\u8bf7\u5c06\u5176\u76f4\u63a5\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a \\(\\Theta(n)\\) \u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_data_structure/","title":"\u7b2c 3 \u7ae0 \u00a0 \u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784","text":"

    Abstract

    \u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u5982\u540c\u4e00\u526f\u7a33\u56fa\u800c\u591a\u6837\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u3002

    \u5b83\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6709\u5e8f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u84dd\u56fe\uff0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u5f97\u4ee5\u5728\u6b64\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u751f\u52a8\u8d77\u6765\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_data_structure/#_1","title":"\u672c\u7ae0\u5185\u5bb9","text":"
    • 3.1 \u00a0 \u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u5206\u7c7b
    • 3.2 \u00a0 \u57fa\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b
    • 3.3 \u00a0 \u6570\u5b57\u7f16\u7801 *
    • 3.4 \u00a0 \u5b57\u7b26\u7f16\u7801 *
    • 3.5 \u00a0 \u5c0f\u7ed3
    "},{"location":"chapter_data_structure/basic_data_types/","title":"3.2 \u00a0 \u57fa\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b","text":"

    \u5f53\u8c08\u53ca\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u60f3\u5230\u6587\u672c\u3001\u56fe\u7247\u3001\u89c6\u9891\u3001\u8bed\u97f3\u30013D \u6a21\u578b\u7b49\u5404\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5f62\u5f0f\u5404\u5f02\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u7531\u5404\u79cd\u57fa\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u6784\u6210\u3002

    \u57fa\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u662f CPU \u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u8fdb\u884c\u8fd0\u7b97\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u5728\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e2d\u76f4\u63a5\u88ab\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u62ec\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u79cd\u3002

    • \u6574\u6570\u7c7b\u578b byte\u3001short\u3001int\u3001long \u3002
    • \u6d6e\u70b9\u6570\u7c7b\u578b float\u3001double \uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8868\u793a\u5c0f\u6570\u3002
    • \u5b57\u7b26\u7c7b\u578b char \uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8868\u793a\u5404\u79cd\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u5b57\u6bcd\u3001\u6807\u70b9\u7b26\u53f7\u751a\u81f3\u8868\u60c5\u7b26\u53f7\u7b49\u3002
    • \u5e03\u5c14\u7c7b\u578b bool \uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8868\u793a\u201c\u662f\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u5426\u201d\u5224\u65ad\u3002

    \u57fa\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u4ee5\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e2d\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u4f4d\u5373\u4e3a \\(1\\) \u6bd4\u7279\u3002\u5728\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u73b0\u4ee3\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\\(1\\) \u5b57\u8282\uff08byte\uff09\u7531 \\(8\\) \u6bd4\u7279\uff08bit\uff09\u7ec4\u6210\u3002

    \u57fa\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u53d6\u503c\u8303\u56f4\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5176\u5360\u7528\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u5927\u5c0f\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u4ee5 Java \u4e3a\u4f8b\u3002

    • \u6574\u6570\u7c7b\u578b byte \u5360\u7528 \\(1\\) \u5b57\u8282 = \\(8\\) \u6bd4\u7279 \uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8868\u793a \\(2^{8}\\) \u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u3002
    • \u6574\u6570\u7c7b\u578b int \u5360\u7528 \\(4\\) \u5b57\u8282 = \\(32\\) \u6bd4\u7279 \uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8868\u793a \\(2^{32}\\) \u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u3002

    \u8868 3-1 \u5217\u4e3e\u4e86 Java \u4e2d\u5404\u79cd\u57fa\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5360\u7528\u7a7a\u95f4\u3001\u53d6\u503c\u8303\u56f4\u548c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u3002\u6b64\u8868\u683c\u65e0\u987b\u6b7b\u8bb0\u786c\u80cc\uff0c\u5927\u81f4\u7406\u89e3\u5373\u53ef\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u67e5\u8868\u6765\u56de\u5fc6\u3002

    \u8868 3-1 \u00a0 \u57fa\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5360\u7528\u7a7a\u95f4\u548c\u53d6\u503c\u8303\u56f4

    \u7c7b\u578b \u7b26\u53f7 \u5360\u7528\u7a7a\u95f4 \u6700\u5c0f\u503c \u6700\u5927\u503c \u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c \u6574\u6570 byte 1 \u5b57\u8282 \\(-2^7\\) (\\(-128\\)) \\(2^7 - 1\\) (\\(127\\)) \\(0\\) short 2 \u5b57\u8282 \\(-2^{15}\\) \\(2^{15} - 1\\) \\(0\\) int 4 \u5b57\u8282 \\(-2^{31}\\) \\(2^{31} - 1\\) \\(0\\) long 8 \u5b57\u8282 \\(-2^{63}\\) \\(2^{63} - 1\\) \\(0\\) \u6d6e\u70b9\u6570 float 4 \u5b57\u8282 \\(1.175 \\times 10^{-38}\\) \\(3.403 \\times 10^{38}\\) \\(0.0\\text{f}\\) double 8 \u5b57\u8282 \\(2.225 \\times 10^{-308}\\) \\(1.798 \\times 10^{308}\\) \\(0.0\\) \u5b57\u7b26 char 2 \u5b57\u8282 \\(0\\) \\(2^{16} - 1\\) \\(0\\) \u5e03\u5c14 bool 1 \u5b57\u8282 \\(\\text{false}\\) \\(\\text{true}\\) \\(\\text{false}\\)

    \u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u8868 3-1 \u9488\u5bf9\u7684\u662f Java \u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u6bcf\u79cd\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u90fd\u6709\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5360\u7528\u7a7a\u95f4\u3001\u53d6\u503c\u8303\u56f4\u548c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\u3002

    • \u5728 Python \u4e2d\uff0c\u6574\u6570\u7c7b\u578b int \u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4efb\u610f\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u53ea\u53d7\u9650\u4e8e\u53ef\u7528\u5185\u5b58\uff1b\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570 float \u662f\u53cc\u7cbe\u5ea6 64 \u4f4d\uff1b\u6ca1\u6709 char \u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u5355\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32 str \u3002
    • C \u548c C++ \u672a\u660e\u786e\u89c4\u5b9a\u57fa\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u800c\u56e0\u5b9e\u73b0\u548c\u5e73\u53f0\u5404\u5f02\u3002\u8868 3-1 \u9075\u5faa LP64 \u6570\u636e\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5176\u7528\u4e8e\u5305\u62ec Linux \u548c macOS \u5728\u5185\u7684 Unix 64 \u4f4d\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002
    • \u5b57\u7b26 char \u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u5728 C \u548c C++ \u4e2d\u4e3a 1 \u5b57\u8282\uff0c\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u7f16\u7801\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u8be6\u89c1\u201c\u5b57\u7b26\u7f16\u7801\u201d\u7ae0\u8282\u3002
    • \u5373\u4f7f\u8868\u793a\u5e03\u5c14\u91cf\u4ec5\u9700 1 \u4f4d\uff08\\(0\\) \u6216 \\(1\\)\uff09\uff0c\u5b83\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u901a\u5e38\u4e5f\u5b58\u50a8\u4e3a 1 \u5b57\u8282\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u73b0\u4ee3\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a CPU \u901a\u5e38\u5c06 1 \u5b57\u8282\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6700\u5c0f\u5bfb\u5740\u5185\u5b58\u5355\u5143\u3002

    \u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e4b\u95f4\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u8054\u7cfb\u5462\uff1f\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u662f\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e2d\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e0e\u5b58\u50a8\u6570\u636e\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u8fd9\u53e5\u8bdd\u7684\u4e3b\u8bed\u662f\u201c\u7ed3\u6784\u201d\u800c\u975e\u201c\u6570\u636e\u201d\u3002

    \u5982\u679c\u60f3\u8868\u793a\u201c\u4e00\u6392\u6570\u5b57\u201d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u81ea\u7136\u4f1a\u60f3\u5230\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u7ec4\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u7ebf\u6027\u7ed3\u6784\u53ef\u4ee5\u8868\u793a\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u76f8\u90bb\u5173\u7cfb\u548c\u987a\u5e8f\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4f46\u81f3\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u662f\u6574\u6570 int\u3001\u5c0f\u6570 float \u8fd8\u662f\u5b57\u7b26 char \uff0c\u5219\u4e0e\u201c\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u201d\u65e0\u5173\u3002

    \u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u7684\u201c\u5185\u5bb9\u7c7b\u578b\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u7684\u201c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u65b9\u5f0f\u201d\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7528\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff08\u6570\u7ec4\uff09\u6765\u5b58\u50a8\u4e0e\u8868\u793a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u5305\u62ec int\u3001float\u3001char\u3001bool \u7b49\u3002

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig 
    # \u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u79cd\u57fa\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u6765\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4\nnumbers: list[int] = [0] * 5\ndecimals: list[float] = [0.0] * 5\n# Python \u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\ncharacters: list[str] = ['0'] * 5\nbools: list[bool] = [False] * 5\n# Python \u7684\u5217\u8868\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u7531\u5b58\u50a8\u5404\u79cd\u57fa\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u5bf9\u8c61\u5f15\u7528\ndata = [0, 0.0, 'a', False, ListNode(0)]\n
    // \u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u79cd\u57fa\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u6765\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4\nint numbers[5];\nfloat decimals[5];\nchar characters[5];\nbool bools[5];\n
    // \u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u79cd\u57fa\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u6765\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4\nint[] numbers = new int[5];\nfloat[] decimals = new float[5];\nchar[] characters = new char[5];\nboolean[] bools = new boolean[5];\n
    // \u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u79cd\u57fa\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u6765\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4\nint[] numbers = new int[5];\nfloat[] decimals = new float[5];\nchar[] characters = new char[5];\nbool[] bools = new bool[5];\n
    // \u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u79cd\u57fa\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u6765\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4\nvar numbers = [5]int{}\nvar decimals = [5]float64{}\nvar characters = [5]byte{}\nvar bools = [5]bool{}\n
    // \u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u79cd\u57fa\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u6765\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4\nlet numbers = Array(repeating: Int(), count: 5)\nlet decimals = Array(repeating: Double(), count: 5)\nlet characters = Array(repeating: Character(\"a\"), count: 5)\nlet bools = Array(repeating: Bool(), count: 5)\n
    // JavaScript \u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u7531\u5b58\u50a8\u5404\u79cd\u57fa\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u5bf9\u8c61\nconst array = [0, 0.0, 'a', false];\n
    // \u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u79cd\u57fa\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u6765\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4\nconst numbers: number[] = [];\nconst characters: string[] = [];\nconst bools: boolean[] = [];\n
    // \u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u79cd\u57fa\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u6765\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4\nList<int> numbers = List.filled(5, 0);\nList<double> decimals = List.filled(5, 0.0);\nList<String> characters = List.filled(5, 'a');\nList<bool> bools = List.filled(5, false);\n
    // \u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u79cd\u57fa\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u6765\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4\nlet numbers: Vec<i32> = vec![0; 5];\nlet decimals: Vec<f32> = vec![0.0, 5];\nlet characters: Vec<char> = vec!['0'; 5];\nlet bools: Vec<bool> = vec![false; 5];\n
    // \u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u79cd\u57fa\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u6765\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4\nint numbers[10];\nfloat decimals[10];\nchar characters[10];\nbool bools[10];\n
    \n
    "},{"location":"chapter_data_structure/character_encoding/","title":"3.4 \u00a0 \u5b57\u7b26\u7f16\u7801 *","text":"

    \u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e2d\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u6570\u636e\u90fd\u662f\u4ee5\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\uff0c\u5b57\u7b26 char \u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f8b\u5916\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u8868\u793a\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u5957\u201c\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u201d\uff0c\u89c4\u5b9a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u548c\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e00\u4e00\u5bf9\u5e94\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u6709\u4e86\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u67e5\u8868\u5b8c\u6210\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\u5230\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_data_structure/character_encoding/#341-ascii","title":"3.4.1 \u00a0 ASCII \u5b57\u7b26\u96c6","text":"

    \u300cASCII \u7801\u300d\u662f\u6700\u65e9\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\uff0c\u5176\u5168\u79f0\u4e3a American Standard Code for Information Interchange\uff08\u7f8e\u56fd\u6807\u51c6\u4fe1\u606f\u4ea4\u6362\u4ee3\u7801\uff09\u3002\u5b83\u4f7f\u7528 7 \u4f4d\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\uff08\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u7684\u4f4e 7 \u4f4d\uff09\u8868\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u6700\u591a\u80fd\u591f\u8868\u793a 128 \u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u3002\u5982\u56fe 3-6 \u6240\u793a\uff0cASCII \u7801\u5305\u62ec\u82f1\u6587\u5b57\u6bcd\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u3001\u6570\u5b57 0 ~ 9\u3001\u4e00\u4e9b\u6807\u70b9\u7b26\u53f7\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e00\u4e9b\u63a7\u5236\u5b57\u7b26\uff08\u5982\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u548c\u5236\u8868\u7b26\uff09\u3002

    \u56fe 3-6 \u00a0 ASCII \u7801

    \u7136\u800c\uff0cASCII \u7801\u4ec5\u80fd\u591f\u8868\u793a\u82f1\u6587\u3002\u968f\u7740\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u5168\u7403\u5316\uff0c\u8bde\u751f\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u80fd\u591f\u8868\u793a\u66f4\u591a\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u300cEASCII\u300d\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u3002\u5b83\u5728 ASCII \u7684 7 \u4f4d\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u6269\u5c55\u5230 8 \u4f4d\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u8868\u793a 256 \u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u3002

    \u5728\u4e16\u754c\u8303\u56f4\u5185\uff0c\u9646\u7eed\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u6279\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u5730\u533a\u7684 EASCII \u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u7684\u524d 128 \u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u7edf\u4e00\u4e3a ASCII \u7801\uff0c\u540e 128 \u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4ee5\u9002\u5e94\u4e0d\u540c\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_data_structure/character_encoding/#342-gbk","title":"3.4.2 \u00a0 GBK \u5b57\u7b26\u96c6","text":"

    \u540e\u6765\u4eba\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\uff0cEASCII \u7801\u4ecd\u7136\u65e0\u6cd5\u6ee1\u8db3\u8bb8\u591a\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u6570\u91cf\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u6c49\u5b57\u6709\u8fd1\u5341\u4e07\u4e2a\uff0c\u5149\u65e5\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5c31\u6709\u51e0\u5343\u4e2a\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u56fd\u5bb6\u6807\u51c6\u603b\u5c40\u4e8e 1980 \u5e74\u53d1\u5e03\u4e86\u300cGB2312\u300d\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\uff0c\u5176\u6536\u5f55\u4e86 6763 \u4e2a\u6c49\u5b57\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e86\u6c49\u5b57\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5904\u7406\u9700\u8981\u3002

    \u7136\u800c\uff0cGB2312 \u65e0\u6cd5\u5904\u7406\u90e8\u5206\u7f55\u89c1\u5b57\u548c\u7e41\u4f53\u5b57\u3002\u300cGBK\u300d\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u662f\u5728 GB2312 \u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u6269\u5c55\u5f97\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u5171\u6536\u5f55\u4e86 21886 \u4e2a\u6c49\u5b57\u3002\u5728 GBK \u7684\u7f16\u7801\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\uff0cASCII \u5b57\u7b26\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u6c49\u5b57\u4f7f\u7528\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u8868\u793a\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_data_structure/character_encoding/#343-unicode","title":"3.4.3 \u00a0 Unicode \u5b57\u7b26\u96c6","text":"

    \u968f\u7740\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u6280\u672f\u7684\u84ec\u52c3\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u4e0e\u7f16\u7801\u6807\u51c6\u767e\u82b1\u9f50\u653e\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u4e00\u822c\u53ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u7279\u5b9a\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u5728\u591a\u8bed\u8a00\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u6b63\u5e38\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u540c\u4e00\u79cd\u8bed\u8a00\u5b58\u5728\u591a\u79cd\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e24\u53f0\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7f16\u7801\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u5219\u5728\u4fe1\u606f\u4f20\u9012\u65f6\u5c31\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u4e71\u7801\u3002

    \u90a3\u4e2a\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u5c31\u5728\u60f3\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u63a8\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u8db3\u591f\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\uff0c\u5c06\u4e16\u754c\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8bed\u8a00\u548c\u7b26\u53f7\u90fd\u6536\u5f55\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0d\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u51b3\u8de8\u8bed\u8a00\u73af\u5883\u548c\u4e71\u7801\u95ee\u9898\u4e86\u5417\uff1f\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60f3\u6cd5\u7684\u9a71\u52a8\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u800c\u5168\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6 Unicode \u5e94\u8fd0\u800c\u751f\u3002

    \u300cUnicode\u300d\u7684\u4e2d\u6587\u540d\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u7edf\u4e00\u7801\u201d\uff0c\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u80fd\u5bb9\u7eb3 100 \u591a\u4e07\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u3002\u5b83\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u5c06\u5168\u7403\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u7eb3\u5165\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u79cd\u901a\u7528\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u6765\u5904\u7406\u548c\u663e\u793a\u5404\u79cd\u8bed\u8a00\u6587\u5b57\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u56e0\u4e3a\u7f16\u7801\u6807\u51c6\u4e0d\u540c\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u4e71\u7801\u95ee\u9898\u3002

    \u81ea 1991 \u5e74\u53d1\u5e03\u4ee5\u6765\uff0cUnicode \u4e0d\u65ad\u6269\u5145\u65b0\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u4e0e\u5b57\u7b26\u3002\u622a\u81f3 2022 \u5e74 9 \u6708\uff0cUnicode \u5df2\u7ecf\u5305\u542b 149186 \u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5404\u79cd\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u3001\u7b26\u53f7\u751a\u81f3\u8868\u60c5\u7b26\u53f7\u7b49\u3002\u5728\u5e9e\u5927\u7684 Unicode \u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u5360\u7528 2 \u5b57\u8282\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u751f\u50fb\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u5360\u7528 3 \u5b57\u8282\u751a\u81f3 4 \u5b57\u8282\u3002

    Unicode \u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u901a\u7528\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\uff0c\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u7ed9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u5206\u914d\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f16\u53f7\uff08\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u7801\u70b9\u201d\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u89c4\u5b9a\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e2d\u5982\u4f55\u5b58\u50a8\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b57\u7b26\u7801\u70b9\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u7981\u4f1a\u95ee\uff1a\u5f53\u591a\u79cd\u957f\u5ea6\u7684 Unicode \u7801\u70b9\u540c\u65f6\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u672c\u4e2d\u65f6\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5982\u4f55\u89e3\u6790\u5b57\u7b26\uff1f\u4f8b\u5982\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 2 \u5b57\u8282\u7684\u7f16\u7801\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5982\u4f55\u786e\u8ba4\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a 2 \u5b57\u8282\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u8fd8\u662f\u4e24\u4e2a 1 \u5b57\u8282\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\uff1f

    \u5bf9\u4e8e\u4ee5\u4e0a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u662f\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u5b57\u7b26\u5b58\u50a8\u4e3a\u7b49\u957f\u7684\u7f16\u7801\u3002\u5982\u56fe 3-7 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u201cHello\u201d\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u5360\u7528 1 \u5b57\u8282\uff0c\u201c\u7b97\u6cd5\u201d\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u5360\u7528 2 \u5b57\u8282\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u9ad8\u4f4d\u586b 0 \u5c06\u201cHello \u7b97\u6cd5\u201d\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5b57\u7b26\u90fd\u7f16\u7801\u4e3a 2 \u5b57\u8282\u957f\u5ea6\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u6bcf\u9694 2 \u5b57\u8282\u89e3\u6790\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u77ed\u8bed\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u4e86\u3002

    \u56fe 3-7 \u00a0 Unicode \u7f16\u7801\u793a\u4f8b

    \u7136\u800c ASCII \u7801\u5df2\u7ecf\u5411\u6211\u4eec\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u7f16\u7801\u82f1\u6587\u53ea\u9700 1 \u5b57\u8282\u3002\u82e5\u91c7\u7528\u4e0a\u8ff0\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u82f1\u6587\u6587\u672c\u5360\u7528\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u5c06\u4f1a\u662f ASCII \u7f16\u7801\u4e0b\u7684\u4e24\u500d\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u6d6a\u8d39\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u79cd\u66f4\u52a0\u9ad8\u6548\u7684 Unicode \u7f16\u7801\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_data_structure/character_encoding/#344-utf-8","title":"3.4.4 \u00a0 UTF-8 \u7f16\u7801","text":"

    \u76ee\u524d\uff0cUTF-8 \u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u56fd\u9645\u4e0a\u4f7f\u7528\u6700\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684 Unicode \u7f16\u7801\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u53ef\u53d8\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u7f16\u7801\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 1 \u5230 4 \u5b57\u8282\u6765\u8868\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u800c\u53d8\u3002ASCII \u5b57\u7b26\u53ea\u9700 1 \u5b57\u8282\uff0c\u62c9\u4e01\u5b57\u6bcd\u548c\u5e0c\u814a\u5b57\u6bcd\u9700\u8981 2 \u5b57\u8282\uff0c\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u4e2d\u6587\u5b57\u7b26\u9700\u8981 3 \u5b57\u8282\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u751f\u50fb\u5b57\u7b26\u9700\u8981 4 \u5b57\u8282\u3002

    UTF-8 \u7684\u7f16\u7801\u89c4\u5219\u5e76\u4e0d\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u5206\u4e3a\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e24\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u3002

    • \u5bf9\u4e8e\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u5b57\u8282\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u5c06\u6700\u9ad8\u4f4d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a \\(0\\) \uff0c\u5176\u4f59 7 \u4f4d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a Unicode \u7801\u70b9\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0cASCII \u5b57\u7b26\u5728 Unicode \u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u4e2d\u5360\u636e\u4e86\u524d 128 \u4e2a\u7801\u70b9\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0cUTF-8 \u7f16\u7801\u53ef\u4ee5\u5411\u4e0b\u517c\u5bb9 ASCII \u7801\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 UTF-8 \u6765\u89e3\u6790\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e45\u8fdc\u7684 ASCII \u7801\u6587\u672c\u3002
    • \u5bf9\u4e8e\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(n\\) \u5b57\u8282\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\uff08\u5176\u4e2d \\(n > 1\\)\uff09\uff0c\u5c06\u9996\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u7684\u9ad8 \\(n\\) \u4f4d\u90fd\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a \\(1\\) \uff0c\u7b2c \\(n + 1\\) \u4f4d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a \\(0\\) \uff1b\u4ece\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5c06\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u7684\u9ad8 2 \u4f4d\u90fd\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a \\(10\\) \uff1b\u5176\u4f59\u6240\u6709\u4f4d\u7528\u4e8e\u586b\u5145\u5b57\u7b26\u7684 Unicode \u7801\u70b9\u3002

    \u56fe 3-8 \u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u201cHello\u7b97\u6cd5\u201d\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684 UTF-8 \u7f16\u7801\u3002\u89c2\u5bdf\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u6700\u9ad8 \\(n\\) \u4f4d\u90fd\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a \\(1\\) \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8bfb\u53d6\u6700\u9ad8\u4f4d \\(1\\) \u7684\u4e2a\u6570\u6765\u89e3\u6790\u51fa\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(n\\) \u3002

    \u4f46\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u5c06\u5176\u4f59\u6240\u6709\u5b57\u8282\u7684\u9ad8 2 \u4f4d\u90fd\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a \\(10\\) \u5462\uff1f\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a \\(10\\) \u80fd\u591f\u8d77\u5230\u6821\u9a8c\u7b26\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u7cfb\u7edf\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u5b57\u8282\u5f00\u59cb\u89e3\u6790\u6587\u672c\uff0c\u5b57\u8282\u5934\u90e8\u7684 \\(10\\) \u80fd\u591f\u5e2e\u52a9\u7cfb\u7edf\u5feb\u901f\u5224\u65ad\u51fa\u5f02\u5e38\u3002

    \u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u5c06 \\(10\\) \u5f53\u4f5c\u6821\u9a8c\u7b26\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728 UTF-8 \u7f16\u7801\u89c4\u5219\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u4e24\u4f4d\u662f \\(10\\) \u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ed3\u8bba\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u53cd\u8bc1\u6cd5\u6765\u8bc1\u660e\uff1a\u5047\u8bbe\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u4e24\u4f4d\u662f \\(10\\) \uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u8be5\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(1\\) \uff0c\u5bf9\u5e94 ASCII \u7801\u3002\u800c ASCII \u7801\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u4f4d\u5e94\u8be5\u662f \\(0\\) \uff0c\u4e0e\u5047\u8bbe\u77db\u76fe\u3002

    \u56fe 3-8 \u00a0 UTF-8 \u7f16\u7801\u793a\u4f8b

    \u9664\u4e86 UTF-8 \u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u7f16\u7801\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fd8\u5305\u62ec\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e24\u79cd\u3002

    • UTF-16 \u7f16\u7801\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528 2 \u6216 4 \u5b57\u8282\u6765\u8868\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u3002\u6240\u6709\u7684 ASCII \u5b57\u7b26\u548c\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u975e\u82f1\u6587\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u90fd\u7528 2 \u5b57\u8282\u8868\u793a\uff1b\u5c11\u6570\u5b57\u7b26\u9700\u8981\u7528\u5230 4 \u5b57\u8282\u8868\u793a\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e 2 \u5b57\u8282\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\uff0cUTF-16 \u7f16\u7801\u4e0e Unicode \u7801\u70b9\u76f8\u7b49\u3002
    • UTF-32 \u7f16\u7801\uff1a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u90fd\u4f7f\u7528 4 \u5b57\u8282\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740 UTF-32 \u6bd4 UTF-8 \u548c UTF-16 \u66f4\u5360\u7528\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8e ASCII \u5b57\u7b26\u5360\u6bd4\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u6587\u672c\u3002

    \u4ece\u5b58\u50a8\u7a7a\u95f4\u5360\u7528\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 UTF-8 \u8868\u793a\u82f1\u6587\u5b57\u7b26\u975e\u5e38\u9ad8\u6548\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4ec5\u9700 1 \u5b57\u8282\uff1b\u4f7f\u7528 UTF-16 \u7f16\u7801\u67d0\u4e9b\u975e\u82f1\u6587\u5b57\u7b26\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u4e2d\u6587\uff09\u4f1a\u66f4\u52a0\u9ad8\u6548\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4ec5\u9700 2 \u5b57\u8282\uff0c\u800c UTF-8 \u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981 3 \u5b57\u8282\u3002

    \u4ece\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0cUTF-8 \u7684\u901a\u7528\u6027\u6700\u4f73\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u5e93\u4f18\u5148\u652f\u6301 UTF-8 \u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_data_structure/character_encoding/#345","title":"3.4.5 \u00a0 \u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u7f16\u7801","text":"

    \u5bf9\u4e8e\u4ee5\u5f80\u7684\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u4e2d\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u90fd\u91c7\u7528 UTF-16 \u6216 UTF-32 \u8fd9\u7c7b\u7b49\u957f\u7f16\u7801\u3002\u5728\u7b49\u957f\u7f16\u7801\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u770b\u4f5c\u6570\u7ec4\u6765\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u505a\u6cd5\u5177\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4f18\u70b9\u3002

    • \u968f\u673a\u8bbf\u95ee\uff1aUTF-16 \u7f16\u7801\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u968f\u673a\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002UTF-8 \u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u53d8\u957f\u7f16\u7801\uff0c\u8981\u60f3\u627e\u5230\u7b2c \\(i\\) \u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u4ece\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u5f00\u59cb\u5904\u904d\u5386\u5230\u7b2c \\(i\\) \u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u8fd9\u9700\u8981 \\(O(n)\\) \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u3002
    • \u5b57\u7b26\u8ba1\u6570\uff1a\u4e0e\u968f\u673a\u8bbf\u95ee\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97 UTF-16 \u7f16\u7801\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e5f\u662f \\(O(1)\\) \u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97 UTF-8 \u7f16\u7801\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u9700\u8981\u904d\u5386\u6574\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002
    • \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a\u5728 UTF-16 \u7f16\u7801\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e0a\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u64cd\u4f5c\uff08\u5982\u5206\u5272\u3001\u8fde\u63a5\u3001\u63d2\u5165\u3001\u5220\u9664\u7b49\uff09\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u8fdb\u884c\u3002\u5728 UTF-8 \u7f16\u7801\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u989d\u5916\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u65e0\u6548\u7684 UTF-8 \u7f16\u7801\u3002

    \u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u7f16\u7801\u65b9\u6848\u8bbe\u8ba1\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u8bdd\u9898\uff0c\u6d89\u53ca\u8bb8\u591a\u56e0\u7d20\u3002

    • Java \u7684 String \u7c7b\u578b\u4f7f\u7528 UTF-16 \u7f16\u7801\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u5360\u7528 2 \u5b57\u8282\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a Java \u8bed\u8a00\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e4b\u521d\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a 16 \u4f4d\u8db3\u4ee5\u8868\u793a\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u5224\u65ad\u3002\u540e\u6765 Unicode \u89c4\u8303\u6269\u5c55\u5230\u4e86\u8d85\u8fc7 16 \u4f4d\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5 Java \u4e2d\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u73b0\u5728\u53ef\u80fd\u7531\u4e00\u5bf9 16 \u4f4d\u7684\u503c\uff08\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u4ee3\u7406\u5bf9\u201d\uff09\u8868\u793a\u3002
    • JavaScript \u548c TypeScript \u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4f7f\u7528 UTF-16 \u7f16\u7801\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u4e0e Java \u7c7b\u4f3c\u3002\u5f53 1995 \u5e74 Netscape \u516c\u53f8\u9996\u6b21\u63a8\u51fa JavaScript \u8bed\u8a00\u65f6\uff0cUnicode \u8fd8\u5904\u4e8e\u53d1\u5c55\u65e9\u671f\uff0c\u90a3\u65f6\u5019\u4f7f\u7528 16 \u4f4d\u7684\u7f16\u7801\u5c31\u8db3\u4ee5\u8868\u793a\u6240\u6709\u7684 Unicode \u5b57\u7b26\u4e86\u3002
    • C# \u4f7f\u7528 UTF-16 \u7f16\u7801\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a .NET \u5e73\u53f0\u662f\u7531 Microsoft \u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\uff0c\u800c Microsoft \u7684\u5f88\u591a\u6280\u672f\uff08\u5305\u62ec Windows \u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\uff09\u90fd\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4f7f\u7528 UTF-16 \u7f16\u7801\u3002

    \u7531\u4e8e\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u5bf9\u5b57\u7b26\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u4f4e\u4f30\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u91c7\u53d6\u201c\u4ee3\u7406\u5bf9\u201d\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u8868\u793a\u8d85\u8fc7 16 \u4f4d\u957f\u5ea6\u7684 Unicode \u5b57\u7b26\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u5f97\u5df2\u4e3a\u4e4b\u7684\u65e0\u5948\u4e4b\u4e3e\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u4ee3\u7406\u5bf9\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u53ef\u80fd\u5360\u7528 2 \u5b57\u8282\u6216 4 \u5b57\u8282\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4e27\u5931\u4e86\u7b49\u957f\u7f16\u7801\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5904\u7406\u4ee3\u7406\u5bf9\u9700\u8981\u589e\u52a0\u989d\u5916\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u8fd9\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u548c\u8c03\u8bd5\u96be\u5ea6\u3002

    \u51fa\u4e8e\u4ee5\u4e0a\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7f16\u7801\u65b9\u6848\u3002

    • Python \u4e2d\u7684 str \u4f7f\u7528 Unicode \u7f16\u7801\uff0c\u5e76\u91c7\u7528\u4e00\u79cd\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u957f\u5ea6\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\u6700\u5927\u7684 Unicode \u7801\u70b9\u3002\u82e5\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\u5168\u90e8\u662f ASCII \u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u5360\u7528 1 \u5b57\u8282\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u6709\u5b57\u7b26\u8d85\u51fa\u4e86 ASCII \u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u4f46\u5168\u90e8\u5728\u57fa\u672c\u591a\u8bed\u8a00\u5e73\u9762\uff08BMP\uff09\u5185\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u5360\u7528 2 \u5b57\u8282\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u6709\u8d85\u51fa BMP \u7684\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u5360\u7528 4 \u5b57\u8282\u3002
    • Go \u8bed\u8a00\u7684 string \u7c7b\u578b\u5728\u5185\u90e8\u4f7f\u7528 UTF-8 \u7f16\u7801\u3002Go \u8bed\u8a00\u8fd8\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86 rune \u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u5b83\u7528\u4e8e\u8868\u793a\u5355\u4e2a Unicode \u7801\u70b9\u3002
    • Rust \u8bed\u8a00\u7684 str \u548c String \u7c7b\u578b\u5728\u5185\u90e8\u4f7f\u7528 UTF-8 \u7f16\u7801\u3002Rust \u4e5f\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86 char \u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8868\u793a\u5355\u4e2a Unicode \u7801\u70b9\u3002

    \u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0a\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u90fd\u662f\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5728\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd9\u548c\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5b58\u50a8\u6216\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u4f20\u8f93\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u5b58\u50a8\u6216\u7f51\u7edc\u4f20\u8f93\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u5c06\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7f16\u7801\u4e3a UTF-8 \u683c\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ee5\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u4f18\u7684\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u6548\u7387\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_data_structure/classification_of_data_structure/","title":"3.1 \u00a0 \u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u5206\u7c7b","text":"

    \u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u5305\u62ec\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u94fe\u8868\u3001\u6808\u3001\u961f\u5217\u3001\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u3001\u6811\u3001\u5806\u3001\u56fe\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u201c\u903b\u8f91\u7ed3\u6784\u201d\u548c\u201c\u7269\u7406\u7ed3\u6784\u201d\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ef4\u5ea6\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u7c7b\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_data_structure/classification_of_data_structure/#311","title":"3.1.1 \u00a0 \u903b\u8f91\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a\u7ebf\u6027\u4e0e\u975e\u7ebf\u6027","text":"

    \u903b\u8f91\u7ed3\u6784\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u5143\u7d20\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u6309\u7167\u4e00\u5b9a\u987a\u5e8f\u6392\u5217\uff0c\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7ebf\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\uff1b\u800c\u5728\u6811\u4e2d\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u4ece\u9876\u90e8\u5411\u4e0b\u6309\u5c42\u6b21\u6392\u5217\uff0c\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u201c\u7956\u5148\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u540e\u4ee3\u201d\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6d3e\u751f\u5173\u7cfb\uff1b\u56fe\u5219\u7531\u8282\u70b9\u548c\u8fb9\u6784\u6210\uff0c\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u5173\u7cfb\u3002

    \u5982\u56fe 3-1 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u903b\u8f91\u7ed3\u6784\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u201c\u7ebf\u6027\u201d\u548c\u201c\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u201d\u4e24\u5927\u7c7b\u3002\u7ebf\u6027\u7ed3\u6784\u6bd4\u8f83\u76f4\u89c2\uff0c\u6307\u6570\u636e\u5728\u903b\u8f91\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0a\u5448\u7ebf\u6027\u6392\u5217\uff1b\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u7ed3\u6784\u5219\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5448\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u6392\u5217\u3002

    • \u7ebf\u6027\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u94fe\u8868\u3001\u6808\u3001\u961f\u5217\u3001\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u3002
    • \u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a\u6811\u3001\u5806\u3001\u56fe\u3001\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u3002

    \u56fe 3-1 \u00a0 \u7ebf\u6027\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784

    \u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u6811\u5f62\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u7f51\u72b6\u7ed3\u6784\u3002

    • \u7ebf\u6027\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u94fe\u8868\u3001\u961f\u5217\u3001\u6808\u3001\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u4e4b\u95f4\u662f\u4e00\u5bf9\u4e00\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u5173\u7cfb\u3002
    • \u6811\u5f62\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a\u6811\u3001\u5806\u3001\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u4e4b\u95f4\u662f\u4e00\u5bf9\u591a\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002
    • \u7f51\u72b6\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a\u56fe\uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u4e4b\u95f4\u662f\u591a\u5bf9\u591a\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_data_structure/classification_of_data_structure/#312","title":"3.1.2 \u00a0 \u7269\u7406\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a\u8fde\u7eed\u4e0e\u5206\u6563","text":"

    \u5f53\u7b97\u6cd5\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u6b63\u5728\u5904\u7406\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4e3b\u8981\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u3002\u56fe 3-2 \u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5185\u5b58\u6761\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e2a\u9ed1\u8272\u65b9\u5757\u90fd\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u5757\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u5185\u5b58\u60f3\u8c61\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5de8\u5927\u7684 Excel \u8868\u683c\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5355\u5143\u683c\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b58\u50a8\u4e00\u5b9a\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002

    \u7cfb\u7edf\u901a\u8fc7\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\u6765\u8bbf\u95ee\u76ee\u6807\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5982\u56fe 3-2 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u6839\u636e\u7279\u5b9a\u89c4\u5219\u4e3a\u8868\u683c\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5355\u5143\u683c\u5206\u914d\u7f16\u53f7\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u90fd\u6709\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\u3002\u6709\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4fbf\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbf\u95ee\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002

    \u56fe 3-2 \u00a0 \u5185\u5b58\u6761\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740

    Tip

    \u503c\u5f97\u8bf4\u660e\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5c06\u5185\u5b58\u6bd4\u4f5c Excel \u8868\u683c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5316\u7684\u7c7b\u6bd4\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u673a\u5236\u6bd4\u8f83\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u6d89\u53ca\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u7f13\u5b58\u673a\u5236\u3001\u865a\u62df\u5185\u5b58\u548c\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u7b49\u6982\u5ff5\u3002

    \u5185\u5b58\u662f\u6240\u6709\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u5171\u4eab\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u5f53\u67d0\u5757\u5185\u5b58\u88ab\u67d0\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5360\u7528\u65f6\uff0c\u5219\u65e0\u6cd5\u88ab\u5176\u4ed6\u7a0b\u5e8f\u540c\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e2d\uff0c\u5185\u5b58\u8d44\u6e90\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8003\u8651\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u6240\u5360\u7528\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5cf0\u503c\u4e0d\u5e94\u8d85\u8fc7\u7cfb\u7edf\u5269\u4f59\u7a7a\u95f2\u5185\u5b58\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u7f3a\u5c11\u8fde\u7eed\u5927\u5757\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6240\u9009\u7528\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u5fc5\u987b\u80fd\u591f\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u5206\u6563\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u5185\u3002

    \u5982\u56fe 3-3 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u7269\u7406\u7ed3\u6784\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u8fde\u7eed\u7a7a\u95f4\u5b58\u50a8\uff08\u6570\u7ec4\uff09\u548c\u5206\u6563\u7a7a\u95f4\u5b58\u50a8\uff08\u94fe\u8868\uff09\u3002\u7269\u7406\u7ed3\u6784\u4ece\u5e95\u5c42\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u3001\u66f4\u65b0\u3001\u589e\u5220\u7b49\u64cd\u4f5c\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e24\u79cd\u7269\u7406\u7ed3\u6784\u5728\u65f6\u95f4\u6548\u7387\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u6548\u7387\u65b9\u9762\u5448\u73b0\u51fa\u4e92\u8865\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u3002

    \u56fe 3-3 \u00a0 \u8fde\u7eed\u7a7a\u95f4\u5b58\u50a8\u4e0e\u5206\u6563\u7a7a\u95f4\u5b58\u50a8

    \u503c\u5f97\u8bf4\u660e\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u90fd\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u94fe\u8868\u6216\u4e8c\u8005\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6808\u548c\u961f\u5217\u65e2\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\uff1b\u800c\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u53ef\u80fd\u540c\u65f6\u5305\u542b\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u94fe\u8868\u3002

    • \u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u53ef\u5b9e\u73b0\uff1a\u6808\u3001\u961f\u5217\u3001\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u3001\u6811\u3001\u5806\u3001\u56fe\u3001\u77e9\u9635\u3001\u5f20\u91cf\uff08\u7ef4\u5ea6 \\(\\geq 3\\) \u7684\u6570\u7ec4\uff09\u7b49\u3002
    • \u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u53ef\u5b9e\u73b0\uff1a\u6808\u3001\u961f\u5217\u3001\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u3001\u6811\u3001\u5806\u3001\u56fe\u7b49\u3002

    \u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e5f\u79f0\u201c\u9759\u6001\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6b64\u7c7b\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u5728\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u540e\u957f\u5ea6\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u3002\u76f8\u5bf9\u5e94\u5730\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e5f\u79f0\u201c\u52a8\u6001\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u7c7b\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u5728\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u540e\uff0c\u4ecd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5bf9\u5176\u957f\u5ea6\u8fdb\u884c\u8c03\u6574\u3002

    Tip

    \u5982\u679c\u4f60\u611f\u89c9\u7269\u7406\u7ed3\u6784\u7406\u89e3\u8d77\u6765\u6709\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u5148\u9605\u8bfb\u4e0b\u4e00\u7ae0\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u518d\u56de\u987e\u672c\u8282\u5185\u5bb9\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_data_structure/number_encoding/","title":"3.3 \u00a0 \u6570\u5b57\u7f16\u7801 *","text":"

    Note

    \u5728\u672c\u4e66\u4e2d\uff0c\u6807\u9898\u5e26\u6709 * \u7b26\u53f7\u7684\u662f\u9009\u8bfb\u7ae0\u8282\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u65f6\u95f4\u6709\u9650\u6216\u611f\u5230\u7406\u89e3\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5148\u8df3\u8fc7\uff0c\u7b49\u5b66\u5b8c\u5fc5\u8bfb\u7ae0\u8282\u540e\u518d\u5355\u72ec\u653b\u514b\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_data_structure/number_encoding/#331","title":"3.3.1 \u00a0 \u539f\u7801\u3001\u53cd\u7801\u548c\u8865\u7801","text":"

    \u5728\u4e0a\u4e00\u8282\u7684\u8868\u683c\u4e2d\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u6574\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u80fd\u591f\u8868\u793a\u7684\u8d1f\u6570\u90fd\u6bd4\u6b63\u6570\u591a\u4e00\u4e2a\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 byte \u7684\u53d6\u503c\u8303\u56f4\u662f \\([-128, 127]\\) \u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u73b0\u8c61\u6bd4\u8f83\u53cd\u76f4\u89c9\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u5185\u5728\u539f\u56e0\u6d89\u53ca\u539f\u7801\u3001\u53cd\u7801\u3001\u8865\u7801\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002

    \u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u6570\u5b57\u662f\u4ee5\u201c\u8865\u7801\u201d\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e2d\u7684\u3002\u5728\u5206\u6790\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e09\u8005\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002

    • \u539f\u7801\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u8868\u793a\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u4f4d\u89c6\u4e3a\u7b26\u53f7\u4f4d\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d \\(0\\) \u8868\u793a\u6b63\u6570\uff0c\\(1\\) \u8868\u793a\u8d1f\u6570\uff0c\u5176\u4f59\u4f4d\u8868\u793a\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u503c\u3002
    • \u53cd\u7801\uff1a\u6b63\u6570\u7684\u53cd\u7801\u4e0e\u5176\u539f\u7801\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u8d1f\u6570\u7684\u53cd\u7801\u662f\u5bf9\u5176\u539f\u7801\u9664\u7b26\u53f7\u4f4d\u5916\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4f4d\u53d6\u53cd\u3002
    • \u8865\u7801\uff1a\u6b63\u6570\u7684\u8865\u7801\u4e0e\u5176\u539f\u7801\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u8d1f\u6570\u7684\u8865\u7801\u662f\u5728\u5176\u53cd\u7801\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u52a0 \\(1\\) \u3002

    \u56fe 3-4 \u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u539f\u7801\u3001\u53cd\u7801\u548c\u8865\u7801\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002

    \u56fe 3-4 \u00a0 \u539f\u7801\u3001\u53cd\u7801\u4e0e\u8865\u7801\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u8f6c\u6362

    \u300c\u539f\u7801 sign-magnitude\u300d\u867d\u7136\u6700\u76f4\u89c2\uff0c\u4f46\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u5c40\u9650\u6027\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u8d1f\u6570\u7684\u539f\u7801\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u7528\u4e8e\u8fd0\u7b97\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u539f\u7801\u4e0b\u8ba1\u7b97 \\(1 + (-2)\\) \uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u662f \\(-3\\) \uff0c\u8fd9\u663e\u7136\u662f\u4e0d\u5bf9\u7684\u3002

    \\[ \\begin{aligned} & 1 + (-2) \\newline & \\rightarrow 0000 \\; 0001 + 1000 \\; 0010 \\newline & = 1000 \\; 0011 \\newline & \\rightarrow -3 \\end{aligned} \\]

    \u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u6b64\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u300c\u53cd\u7801 1's complement\u300d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u5148\u5c06\u539f\u7801\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u53cd\u7801\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u53cd\u7801\u4e0b\u8ba1\u7b97 \\(1 + (-2)\\) \uff0c\u6700\u540e\u5c06\u7ed3\u679c\u4ece\u53cd\u7801\u8f6c\u6362\u56de\u539f\u7801\uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u5f97\u5230\u6b63\u786e\u7ed3\u679c \\(-1\\) \u3002

    \\[ \\begin{aligned} & 1 + (-2) \\newline & \\rightarrow 0000 \\; 0001 \\; \\text{(\u539f\u7801)} + 1000 \\; 0010 \\; \\text{(\u539f\u7801)} \\newline & = 0000 \\; 0001 \\; \\text{(\u53cd\u7801)} + 1111 \\; 1101 \\; \\text{(\u53cd\u7801)} \\newline & = 1111 \\; 1110 \\; \\text{(\u53cd\u7801)} \\newline & = 1000 \\; 0001 \\; \\text{(\u539f\u7801)} \\newline & \\rightarrow -1 \\end{aligned} \\]

    \u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6570\u5b57\u96f6\u7684\u539f\u7801\u6709 \\(+0\\) \u548c \\(-0\\) \u4e24\u79cd\u8868\u793a\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6570\u5b57\u96f6\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u7f16\u7801\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5e26\u6765\u6b67\u4e49\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u5728\u6761\u4ef6\u5224\u65ad\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u533a\u5206\u6b63\u96f6\u548c\u8d1f\u96f6\uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5224\u65ad\u7ed3\u679c\u51fa\u9519\u3002\u800c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u5904\u7406\u6b63\u96f6\u548c\u8d1f\u96f6\u6b67\u4e49\uff0c\u5219\u9700\u8981\u5f15\u5165\u989d\u5916\u7684\u5224\u65ad\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u964d\u4f4e\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u8fd0\u7b97\u6548\u7387\u3002

    \\[ \\begin{aligned} +0 & \\rightarrow 0000 \\; 0000 \\newline -0 & \\rightarrow 1000 \\; 0000 \\end{aligned} \\]

    \u4e0e\u539f\u7801\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u53cd\u7801\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u6b63\u8d1f\u96f6\u6b67\u4e49\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u300c\u8865\u7801 2's complement\u300d\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5148\u6765\u89c2\u5bdf\u4e00\u4e0b\u8d1f\u96f6\u7684\u539f\u7801\u3001\u53cd\u7801\u3001\u8865\u7801\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff1a

    \\[ \\begin{aligned} -0 \\rightarrow \\; & 1000 \\; 0000 \\; \\text{(\u539f\u7801)} \\newline = \\; & 1111 \\; 1111 \\; \\text{(\u53cd\u7801)} \\newline = 1 \\; & 0000 \\; 0000 \\; \\text{(\u8865\u7801)} \\newline \\end{aligned} \\]

    \u5728\u8d1f\u96f6\u7684\u53cd\u7801\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u52a0 \\(1\\) \u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u8fdb\u4f4d\uff0c\u4f46 byte \u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u53ea\u6709 8 \u4f4d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6ea2\u51fa\u5230\u7b2c 9 \u4f4d\u7684 \\(1\\) \u4f1a\u88ab\u820d\u5f03\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u8d1f\u96f6\u7684\u8865\u7801\u4e3a \\(0000 \\; 0000\\) \uff0c\u4e0e\u6b63\u96f6\u7684\u8865\u7801\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5728\u8865\u7801\u8868\u793a\u4e2d\u53ea\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u96f6\uff0c\u6b63\u8d1f\u96f6\u6b67\u4e49\u4ece\u800c\u5f97\u5230\u89e3\u51b3\u3002

    \u8fd8\u5269\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u7591\u60d1\uff1abyte \u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u53d6\u503c\u8303\u56f4\u662f \\([-128, 127]\\) \uff0c\u591a\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d1f\u6570 \\(-128\\) \u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u5462\uff1f\u6211\u4eec\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\uff0c\u533a\u95f4 \\([-127, +127]\\) \u5185\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6574\u6570\u90fd\u6709\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u539f\u7801\u3001\u53cd\u7801\u548c\u8865\u7801\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u539f\u7801\u548c\u8865\u7801\u4e4b\u95f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e92\u76f8\u8f6c\u6362\u3002

    \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8865\u7801 \\(1000 \\; 0000\\) \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5916\uff0c\u5b83\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u539f\u7801\u3002\u6839\u636e\u8f6c\u6362\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5f97\u5230\u8be5\u8865\u7801\u7684\u539f\u7801\u4e3a \\(0000 \\; 0000\\) \u3002\u8fd9\u663e\u7136\u662f\u77db\u76fe\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8be5\u539f\u7801\u8868\u793a\u6570\u5b57 \\(0\\) \uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u8865\u7801\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u81ea\u8eab\u3002\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u89c4\u5b9a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u8865\u7801 \\(1000 \\; 0000\\) \u4ee3\u8868 \\(-128\\) \u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\\((-1) + (-127)\\) \u5728\u8865\u7801\u4e0b\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u7ed3\u679c\u5c31\u662f \\(-128\\) \u3002

    \\[ \\begin{aligned} & (-127) + (-1) \\newline & \\rightarrow 1111 \\; 1111 \\; \\text{(\u539f\u7801)} + 1000 \\; 0001 \\; \\text{(\u539f\u7801)} \\newline & = 1000 \\; 0000 \\; \\text{(\u53cd\u7801)} + 1111 \\; 1110 \\; \\text{(\u53cd\u7801)} \\newline & = 1000 \\; 0001 \\; \\text{(\u8865\u7801)} + 1111 \\; 1111 \\; \\text{(\u8865\u7801)} \\newline & = 1000 \\; 0000 \\; \\text{(\u8865\u7801)} \\newline & \\rightarrow -128 \\end{aligned} \\]

    \u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\uff0c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6240\u6709\u8ba1\u7b97\u90fd\u662f\u52a0\u6cd5\u8fd0\u7b97\u3002\u8fd9\u6697\u793a\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff1a\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u786c\u4ef6\u7535\u8def\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u52a0\u6cd5\u8fd0\u7b97\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u52a0\u6cd5\u8fd0\u7b97\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u8fd0\u7b97\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u4e58\u6cd5\u3001\u9664\u6cd5\u548c\u51cf\u6cd5\uff09\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u786c\u4ef6\u5b9e\u73b0\u8d77\u6765\u66f4\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u8fdb\u884c\u5e76\u884c\u5316\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u8fd0\u7b97\u901f\u5ea6\u66f4\u5feb\u3002

    \u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u53ea\u80fd\u505a\u52a0\u6cd5\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u52a0\u6cd5\u4e0e\u4e00\u4e9b\u57fa\u672c\u903b\u8f91\u8fd0\u7b97\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u80fd\u591f\u5b9e\u73b0\u5404\u79cd\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u8fd0\u7b97\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u51cf\u6cd5 \\(a - b\\) \u53ef\u4ee5\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u8ba1\u7b97\u52a0\u6cd5 \\(a + (-b)\\) \uff1b\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e58\u6cd5\u548c\u9664\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u8ba1\u7b97\u591a\u6b21\u52a0\u6cd5\u6216\u51cf\u6cd5\u3002

    \u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u603b\u7ed3\u51fa\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4f7f\u7528\u8865\u7801\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff1a\u57fa\u4e8e\u8865\u7801\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u540c\u6837\u7684\u7535\u8def\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u6765\u5904\u7406\u6b63\u6570\u548c\u8d1f\u6570\u7684\u52a0\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u786c\u4ef6\u7535\u8def\u6765\u5904\u7406\u51cf\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u65e0\u987b\u7279\u522b\u5904\u7406\u6b63\u8d1f\u96f6\u7684\u6b67\u4e49\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u8fd9\u5927\u5927\u7b80\u5316\u4e86\u786c\u4ef6\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u8fd0\u7b97\u6548\u7387\u3002

    \u8865\u7801\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u975e\u5e38\u7cbe\u5999\uff0c\u56e0\u7bc7\u5e45\u5173\u7cfb\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u5148\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5230\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u6709\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u8bfb\u8005\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6df1\u5165\u4e86\u89e3\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_data_structure/number_encoding/#332","title":"3.3.2 \u00a0 \u6d6e\u70b9\u6570\u7f16\u7801","text":"

    \u7ec6\u5fc3\u7684\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\uff1aint \u548c float \u957f\u5ea6\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u90fd\u662f 4 \u5b57\u8282 \uff0c\u4f46\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48 float \u7684\u53d6\u503c\u8303\u56f4\u8fdc\u5927\u4e8e int \uff1f\u8fd9\u975e\u5e38\u53cd\u76f4\u89c9\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6309\u7406\u8bf4 float \u9700\u8981\u8868\u793a\u5c0f\u6570\uff0c\u53d6\u503c\u8303\u56f4\u5e94\u8be5\u53d8\u5c0f\u624d\u5bf9\u3002

    \u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570 float \u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8868\u793a\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u8bb0\u4e00\u4e2a 32 \u4f4d\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\u4e3a\uff1a

    \\[ b_{31} b_{30} b_{29} \\ldots b_2 b_1 b_0 \\]

    \u6839\u636e IEEE 754 \u6807\u51c6\uff0c32-bit \u957f\u5ea6\u7684 float \u7531\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e09\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\u6784\u6210\u3002

    • \u7b26\u53f7\u4f4d \\(\\mathrm{S}\\) \uff1a\u5360 1 \u4f4d \uff0c\u5bf9\u5e94 \\(b_{31}\\) \u3002
    • \u6307\u6570\u4f4d \\(\\mathrm{E}\\) \uff1a\u5360 8 \u4f4d \uff0c\u5bf9\u5e94 \\(b_{30} b_{29} \\ldots b_{23}\\) \u3002
    • \u5206\u6570\u4f4d \\(\\mathrm{N}\\) \uff1a\u5360 23 \u4f4d \uff0c\u5bf9\u5e94 \\(b_{22} b_{21} \\ldots b_0\\) \u3002

    \u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6570 float \u5bf9\u5e94\u503c\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e3a\uff1a

    \\[ \\text {val} = (-1)^{b_{31}} \\times 2^{\\left(b_{30} b_{29} \\ldots b_{23}\\right)_2-127} \\times\\left(1 . b_{22} b_{21} \\ldots b_0\\right)_2 \\]

    \u8f6c\u5316\u5230\u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u4e0b\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u516c\u5f0f\u4e3a\uff1a

    \\[ \\text {val}=(-1)^{\\mathrm{S}} \\times 2^{\\mathrm{E} -127} \\times (1 + \\mathrm{N}) \\]

    \u5176\u4e2d\u5404\u9879\u7684\u53d6\u503c\u8303\u56f4\u4e3a\uff1a

    \\[ \\begin{aligned} \\mathrm{S} \\in & \\{ 0, 1\\}, \\quad \\mathrm{E} \\in \\{ 1, 2, \\dots, 254 \\} \\newline (1 + \\mathrm{N}) = & (1 + \\sum_{i=1}^{23} b_{23-i} 2^{-i}) \\subset [1, 2 - 2^{-23}] \\end{aligned} \\]

    \u56fe 3-5 \u00a0 IEEE 754 \u6807\u51c6\u4e0b\u7684 float \u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u793a\u4f8b

    \u89c2\u5bdf\u56fe 3-5 \uff0c\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u6570\u636e \\(\\mathrm{S} = 0\\) \uff0c \\(\\mathrm{E} = 124\\) \uff0c\\(\\mathrm{N} = 2^{-2} + 2^{-3} = 0.375\\) \uff0c\u5219\u6709\uff1a

    \\[ \\text { val } = (-1)^0 \\times 2^{124 - 127} \\times (1 + 0.375) = 0.171875 \\]

    \u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u56de\u7b54\u6700\u521d\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff1afloat \u7684\u8868\u793a\u65b9\u5f0f\u5305\u542b\u6307\u6570\u4f4d\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u5176\u53d6\u503c\u8303\u56f4\u8fdc\u5927\u4e8e int \u3002\u6839\u636e\u4ee5\u4e0a\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0cfloat \u53ef\u8868\u793a\u7684\u6700\u5927\u6b63\u6570\u4e3a \\(2^{254 - 127} \\times (2 - 2^{-23}) \\approx 3.4 \\times 10^{38}\\) \uff0c\u5207\u6362\u7b26\u53f7\u4f4d\u4fbf\u53ef\u5f97\u5230\u6700\u5c0f\u8d1f\u6570\u3002

    \u5c3d\u7ba1\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570 float \u6269\u5c55\u4e86\u53d6\u503c\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u727a\u7272\u4e86\u7cbe\u5ea6\u3002\u6574\u6570\u7c7b\u578b int \u5c06\u5168\u90e8 32 \u4f4d\u7528\u4e8e\u8868\u793a\u6570\u5b57\uff0c\u6570\u5b57\u662f\u5747\u5300\u5206\u5e03\u7684\uff1b\u800c\u7531\u4e8e\u6307\u6570\u4f4d\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570 float \u7684\u6570\u503c\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u76f8\u90bb\u4e24\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u503c\u5c31\u4f1a\u8d8b\u5411\u8d8a\u5927\u3002

    \u5982\u8868 3-2 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u6307\u6570\u4f4d \\(E = 0\\) \u548c \\(E = 255\\) \u5177\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u542b\u4e49\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8868\u793a\u96f6\u3001\u65e0\u7a77\u5927\u3001\\(\\mathrm{NaN}\\) \u7b49\u3002

    \u8868 3-2 \u00a0 \u6307\u6570\u4f4d\u542b\u4e49

    \u6307\u6570\u4f4d E \u5206\u6570\u4f4d \\(\\mathrm{N} = 0\\) \u5206\u6570\u4f4d \\(\\mathrm{N} \\ne 0\\) \u8ba1\u7b97\u516c\u5f0f \\(0\\) \\(\\pm 0\\) \u6b21\u6b63\u89c4\u6570 \\((-1)^{\\mathrm{S}} \\times 2^{-126} \\times (0.\\mathrm{N})\\) \\(1, 2, \\dots, 254\\) \u6b63\u89c4\u6570 \u6b63\u89c4\u6570 \\((-1)^{\\mathrm{S}} \\times 2^{(\\mathrm{E} -127)} \\times (1.\\mathrm{N})\\) \\(255\\) \\(\\pm \\infty\\) \\(\\mathrm{NaN}\\)

    \u503c\u5f97\u8bf4\u660e\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6b21\u6b63\u89c4\u6570\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u5347\u4e86\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570\u7684\u7cbe\u5ea6\u3002\u6700\u5c0f\u6b63\u6b63\u89c4\u6570\u4e3a \\(2^{-126}\\) \uff0c\u6700\u5c0f\u6b63\u6b21\u6b63\u89c4\u6570\u4e3a \\(2^{-126} \\times 2^{-23}\\) \u3002

    \u53cc\u7cbe\u5ea6 double \u4e5f\u91c7\u7528\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e float \u7684\u8868\u793a\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u4e0d\u505a\u8d58\u8ff0\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_data_structure/summary/","title":"3.5 \u00a0 \u5c0f\u7ed3","text":""},{"location":"chapter_data_structure/summary/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u91cd\u70b9\u56de\u987e","text":"
    • \u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u903b\u8f91\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u7269\u7406\u7ed3\u6784\u4e24\u4e2a\u89d2\u5ea6\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u7c7b\u3002\u903b\u8f91\u7ed3\u6784\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u5143\u7d20\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u800c\u7269\u7406\u7ed3\u6784\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002
    • \u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u7ed3\u6784\u5305\u62ec\u7ebf\u6027\u3001\u6811\u72b6\u548c\u7f51\u72b6\u7b49\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u6211\u4eec\u6839\u636e\u903b\u8f91\u7ed3\u6784\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u5206\u4e3a\u7ebf\u6027\uff08\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u94fe\u8868\u3001\u6808\u3001\u961f\u5217\uff09\u548c\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\uff08\u6811\u3001\u56fe\u3001\u5806\uff09\u4e24\u79cd\u3002\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u53ef\u80fd\u540c\u65f6\u5305\u542b\u7ebf\u6027\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u3002
    • \u5f53\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u88ab\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u90fd\u62e5\u6709\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\u8bbf\u95ee\u6570\u636e\u3002
    • \u7269\u7406\u7ed3\u6784\u4e3b\u8981\u5206\u4e3a\u8fde\u7eed\u7a7a\u95f4\u5b58\u50a8\uff08\u6570\u7ec4\uff09\u548c\u5206\u6563\u7a7a\u95f4\u5b58\u50a8\uff08\u94fe\u8868\uff09\u3002\u6240\u6709\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u90fd\u662f\u7531\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u94fe\u8868\u6216\u4e24\u8005\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u3002
    • \u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e2d\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u5305\u62ec\u6574\u6570 byte\u3001short\u3001int\u3001long \uff0c\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570 float\u3001double \uff0c\u5b57\u7b26 char \u548c\u5e03\u5c14 boolean \u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u53d6\u503c\u8303\u56f4\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5360\u7528\u7a7a\u95f4\u5927\u5c0f\u548c\u8868\u793a\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002
    • \u539f\u7801\u3001\u53cd\u7801\u548c\u8865\u7801\u662f\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e2d\u7f16\u7801\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u4e09\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f8\u4e92\u8f6c\u6362\u3002\u6574\u6570\u7684\u539f\u7801\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u4f4d\u662f\u7b26\u53f7\u4f4d\uff0c\u5176\u4f59\u4f4d\u662f\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u503c\u3002
    • \u6574\u6570\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e2d\u662f\u4ee5\u8865\u7801\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u3002\u5728\u8865\u7801\u8868\u793a\u4e0b\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u6b63\u6570\u548c\u8d1f\u6570\u7684\u52a0\u6cd5\u4e00\u89c6\u540c\u4ec1\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4e3a\u51cf\u6cd5\u64cd\u4f5c\u5355\u72ec\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u786c\u4ef6\u7535\u8def\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u6b63\u8d1f\u96f6\u6b67\u4e49\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002
    • \u6d6e\u70b9\u6570\u7684\u7f16\u7801\u7531 1 \u4f4d\u7b26\u53f7\u4f4d\u30018 \u4f4d\u6307\u6570\u4f4d\u548c 23 \u4f4d\u5206\u6570\u4f4d\u6784\u6210\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5b58\u5728\u6307\u6570\u4f4d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570\u7684\u53d6\u503c\u8303\u56f4\u8fdc\u5927\u4e8e\u6574\u6570\uff0c\u4ee3\u4ef7\u662f\u727a\u7272\u4e86\u7cbe\u5ea6\u3002
    • ASCII \u7801\u662f\u6700\u65e9\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u82f1\u6587\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\uff0c\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u5b57\u8282\uff0c\u5171\u6536\u5f55 127 \u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u3002GBK \u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u662f\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u4e2d\u6587\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\uff0c\u5171\u6536\u5f55\u4e24\u4e07\u591a\u4e2a\u6c49\u5b57\u3002Unicode \u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u6536\u5f55\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u5404\u79cd\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u89e3\u51b3\u7531\u4e8e\u5b57\u7b26\u7f16\u7801\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u4e71\u7801\u95ee\u9898\u3002
    • UTF-8 \u662f\u6700\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\u7684 Unicode \u7f16\u7801\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u901a\u7528\u6027\u975e\u5e38\u597d\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u53d8\u957f\u7684\u7f16\u7801\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u6027\uff0c\u6709\u6548\u63d0\u5347\u4e86\u5b58\u50a8\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u6548\u7387\u3002UTF-16 \u548c UTF-32 \u662f\u7b49\u957f\u7684\u7f16\u7801\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5728\u7f16\u7801\u4e2d\u6587\u65f6\uff0cUTF-16 \u5360\u7528\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u6bd4 UTF-8 \u66f4\u5c0f\u3002Java \u548c C# \u7b49\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4f7f\u7528 UTF-16 \u7f16\u7801\u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_data_structure/summary/#2-q-a","title":"2. \u00a0 Q & A","text":"

    \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u540c\u65f6\u5305\u542b\u7ebf\u6027\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff1f

    \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5e95\u5c42\u662f\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u800c\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u201c\u94fe\u5f0f\u5730\u5740\u201d\uff08\u540e\u7eed\u201c\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\u201d\u7ae0\u8282\u4f1a\u8bb2\uff09\uff1a\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6876\u6307\u5411\u4e00\u4e2a\u94fe\u8868\uff0c\u5f53\u94fe\u8868\u957f\u5ea6\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e00\u5b9a\u9608\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u53c8\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u6811\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u4e3a\u7ea2\u9ed1\u6811\uff09\u3002 \u4ece\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u7684\u5e95\u5c42\u662f\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u6876\u69fd\u4f4d\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2a\u503c\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2a\u94fe\u8868\u6216\u4e00\u68f5\u6811\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u53ef\u80fd\u540c\u65f6\u5305\u542b\u7ebf\u6027\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff08\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u94fe\u8868\uff09\u548c\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff08\u6811\uff09\u3002

    char \u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u662f 1 \u5b57\u8282\u5417\uff1f

    char \u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u7531\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u7f16\u7801\u65b9\u6cd5\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cJava\u3001JavaScript\u3001TypeScript\u3001C# \u90fd\u91c7\u7528 UTF-16 \u7f16\u7801\uff08\u4fdd\u5b58 Unicode \u7801\u70b9\uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64 char \u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 2 \u5b57\u8282\u3002

    \u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e5f\u79f0\u201c\u9759\u6001\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u201d \u662f\u5426\u6709\u6b67\u4e49\uff1f\u6808\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u51fa\u6808\u548c\u5165\u6808\u7b49\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\u90fd\u662f\u201c\u52a8\u6001\u201d\u7684\u3002

    \u6808\u786e\u5b9e\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u52a8\u6001\u7684\u6570\u636e\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f46\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u201c\u9759\u6001\u201d\uff08\u957f\u5ea6\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\uff09\u7684\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u53ef\u4ee5\u52a8\u6001\u5730\u6dfb\u52a0\u6216\u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf\u662f\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u8d85\u51fa\u4e86\u9884\u5206\u914d\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u65e7\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u590d\u5236\u5230\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u3002

    \u5728\u6784\u5efa\u6808\uff08\u961f\u5217\uff09\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u672a\u6307\u5b9a\u5b83\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u201c\u9759\u6001\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u201d\u5462\uff1f

    \u5728\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u987b\u4eba\u5de5\u6307\u5b9a\u6808\uff08\u961f\u5217\uff09\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5de5\u4f5c\u7531\u7c7b\u5185\u90e8\u81ea\u52a8\u5b8c\u6210\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cJava \u7684 ArrayList \u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5bb9\u91cf\u901a\u5e38\u4e3a 10\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u6269\u5bb9\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e5f\u662f\u81ea\u52a8\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u3002\u8be6\u89c1\u540e\u7eed\u7684\u201c\u5217\u8868\u201d\u7ae0\u8282\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_divide_and_conquer/","title":"\u7b2c 12 \u7ae0 \u00a0 \u5206\u6cbb","text":"

    Abstract

    \u96be\u9898\u88ab\u9010\u5c42\u62c6\u89e3\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u7684\u62c6\u89e3\u90fd\u4f7f\u5b83\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u4e3a\u7b80\u5355\u3002

    \u5206\u800c\u6cbb\u4e4b\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff1a\u4ece\u7b80\u5355\u505a\u8d77\uff0c\u4e00\u5207\u90fd\u4e0d\u518d\u590d\u6742\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_divide_and_conquer/#_1","title":"\u672c\u7ae0\u5185\u5bb9","text":"
    • 12.1 \u00a0 \u5206\u6cbb\u7b97\u6cd5
    • 12.2 \u00a0 \u5206\u6cbb\u641c\u7d22\u7b56\u7565
    • 12.3 \u00a0 \u6784\u5efa\u6811\u95ee\u9898
    • 12.4 \u00a0 \u6c49\u8bfa\u5854\u95ee\u9898
    • 12.5 \u00a0 \u5c0f\u7ed3
    "},{"location":"chapter_divide_and_conquer/binary_search_recur/","title":"12.2 \u00a0 \u5206\u6cbb\u641c\u7d22\u7b56\u7565","text":"

    \u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b66\u8fc7\uff0c\u641c\u7d22\u7b97\u6cd5\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u5927\u7c7b\u3002

    • \u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22\uff1a\u5b83\u901a\u8fc7\u904d\u5386\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n)\\) \u3002
    • \u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u641c\u7d22\uff1a\u5b83\u5229\u7528\u7279\u6709\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5f62\u5f0f\u6216\u5148\u9a8c\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u53ef\u8fbe\u5230 \\(O(\\log n)\\) \u751a\u81f3 \\(O(1)\\) \u3002

    \u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(\\log n)\\) \u7684\u641c\u7d22\u7b97\u6cd5\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u5206\u6cbb\u7b56\u7565\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u548c\u6811\u3002

    • \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b65\u90fd\u5c06\u95ee\u9898\uff08\u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u641c\u7d22\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff09\u5206\u89e3\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u95ee\u9898\uff08\u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u4e00\u534a\u4e2d\u641c\u7d22\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e00\u76f4\u6301\u7eed\u5230\u6570\u7ec4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u6216\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\u4e3a\u6b62\u3002
    • \u6811\u662f\u5206\u6cbb\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\uff0c\u5728\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u3001AVL \u6811\u3001\u5806\u7b49\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\uff0c\u5404\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7686\u4e3a \\(O(\\log n)\\) \u3002

    \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u7684\u5206\u6cbb\u7b56\u7565\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\u3002

    • \u95ee\u9898\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u89e3\uff1a\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u9012\u5f52\u5730\u5c06\u539f\u95ee\u9898\uff08\u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u67e5\u627e\uff09\u5206\u89e3\u4e3a\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff08\u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u4e00\u534a\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u67e5\u627e\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e2d\u95f4\u5143\u7d20\u548c\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u3002
    • \u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\uff1a\u5728\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u8f6e\u53ea\u5904\u7406\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u53d7\u5176\u4ed6\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002
    • \u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u65e0\u987b\u5408\u5e76\uff1a\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u65e8\u5728\u67e5\u627e\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u8fdb\u884c\u5408\u5e76\u3002\u5f53\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u5f97\u5230\u89e3\u51b3\u65f6\uff0c\u539f\u95ee\u9898\u4e5f\u4f1a\u540c\u65f6\u5f97\u5230\u89e3\u51b3\u3002

    \u5206\u6cbb\u80fd\u591f\u63d0\u5347\u641c\u7d22\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22\u6bcf\u8f6e\u53ea\u80fd\u6392\u9664\u4e00\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u800c\u5206\u6cbb\u641c\u7d22\u6bcf\u8f6e\u53ef\u4ee5\u6392\u9664\u4e00\u534a\u9009\u9879\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_divide_and_conquer/binary_search_recur/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u57fa\u4e8e\u5206\u6cbb\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e","text":"

    \u5728\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u7ae0\u8282\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u9012\u63a8\uff08\u8fed\u4ee3\uff09\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u57fa\u4e8e\u5206\u6cbb\uff08\u9012\u5f52\uff09\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u5b83\u3002

    Question

    \u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(n\\) \u7684\u6709\u5e8f\u6570\u7ec4 nums \uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u7684\uff0c\u8bf7\u67e5\u627e\u5143\u7d20 target \u3002

    \u4ece\u5206\u6cbb\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u641c\u7d22\u533a\u95f4 \\([i, j]\\) \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u8bb0\u4e3a \\(f(i, j)\\) \u3002

    \u4ee5\u539f\u95ee\u9898 \\(f(0, n-1)\\) \u4e3a\u8d77\u59cb\u70b9\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6b65\u9aa4\u8fdb\u884c\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u3002

    1. \u8ba1\u7b97\u641c\u7d22\u533a\u95f4 \\([i, j]\\) \u7684\u4e2d\u70b9 \\(m\\) \uff0c\u6839\u636e\u5b83\u6392\u9664\u4e00\u534a\u641c\u7d22\u533a\u95f4\u3002
    2. \u9012\u5f52\u6c42\u89e3\u89c4\u6a21\u51cf\u5c0f\u4e00\u534a\u7684\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4e3a \\(f(i, m-1)\\) \u6216 \\(f(m+1, j)\\) \u3002
    3. \u5faa\u73af\u7b2c 1. \u6b65\u548c\u7b2c 2. \u6b65\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u627e\u5230 target \u6216\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u8fd4\u56de\u3002

    \u56fe 12-4 \u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u5143\u7d20 \\(6\\) \u7684\u5206\u6cbb\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002

    \u56fe 12-4 \u00a0 \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u7684\u5206\u6cbb\u8fc7\u7a0b

    \u5728\u5b9e\u73b0\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u58f0\u660e\u4e00\u4e2a\u9012\u5f52\u51fd\u6570 dfs() \u6765\u6c42\u89e3\u95ee\u9898 \\(f(i, j)\\) \uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig binary_search_recur.py
    def dfs(nums: list[int], target: int, i: int, j: int) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff1a\u95ee\u9898 f(i, j)\"\"\"\n    # \u82e5\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u65e0\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de -1\n    if i > j:\n        return -1\n    # \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\n    m = (i + j) // 2\n    if nums[m] < target:\n        # \u9012\u5f52\u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(m+1, j)\n        return dfs(nums, target, m + 1, j)\n    elif nums[m] > target:\n        # \u9012\u5f52\u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(i, m-1)\n        return dfs(nums, target, i, m - 1)\n    else:\n        # \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u7d22\u5f15\n        return m\n\ndef binary_search(nums: list[int], target: int) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\"\"\"\n    n = len(nums)\n    # \u6c42\u89e3\u95ee\u9898 f(0, n-1)\n    return dfs(nums, target, 0, n - 1)\n
    binary_search_recur.cpp
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff1a\u95ee\u9898 f(i, j) */\nint dfs(vector<int> &nums, int target, int i, int j) {\n    // \u82e5\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u65e0\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de -1\n    if (i > j) {\n        return -1;\n    }\n    // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\n    int m = (i + j) / 2;\n    if (nums[m] < target) {\n        // \u9012\u5f52\u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(m+1, j)\n        return dfs(nums, target, m + 1, j);\n    } else if (nums[m] > target) {\n        // \u9012\u5f52\u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(i, m-1)\n        return dfs(nums, target, i, m - 1);\n    } else {\n        // \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u7d22\u5f15\n        return m;\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e */\nint binarySearch(vector<int> &nums, int target) {\n    int n = nums.size();\n    // \u6c42\u89e3\u95ee\u9898 f(0, n-1)\n    return dfs(nums, target, 0, n - 1);\n}\n
    binary_search_recur.java
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff1a\u95ee\u9898 f(i, j) */\nint dfs(int[] nums, int target, int i, int j) {\n    // \u82e5\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u65e0\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de -1\n    if (i > j) {\n        return -1;\n    }\n    // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\n    int m = (i + j) / 2;\n    if (nums[m] < target) {\n        // \u9012\u5f52\u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(m+1, j)\n        return dfs(nums, target, m + 1, j);\n    } else if (nums[m] > target) {\n        // \u9012\u5f52\u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(i, m-1)\n        return dfs(nums, target, i, m - 1);\n    } else {\n        // \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u7d22\u5f15\n        return m;\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e */\nint binarySearch(int[] nums, int target) {\n    int n = nums.length;\n    // \u6c42\u89e3\u95ee\u9898 f(0, n-1)\n    return dfs(nums, target, 0, n - 1);\n}\n
    binary_search_recur.cs
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff1a\u95ee\u9898 f(i, j) */\nint DFS(int[] nums, int target, int i, int j) {\n    // \u82e5\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u65e0\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de -1\n    if (i > j) {\n        return -1;\n    }\n    // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\n    int m = (i + j) / 2;\n    if (nums[m] < target) {\n        // \u9012\u5f52\u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(m+1, j)\n        return DFS(nums, target, m + 1, j);\n    } else if (nums[m] > target) {\n        // \u9012\u5f52\u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(i, m-1)\n        return DFS(nums, target, i, m - 1);\n    } else {\n        // \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u7d22\u5f15\n        return m;\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e */\nint BinarySearch(int[] nums, int target) {\n    int n = nums.Length;\n    // \u6c42\u89e3\u95ee\u9898 f(0, n-1)\n    return DFS(nums, target, 0, n - 1);\n}\n
    binary_search_recur.go
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff1a\u95ee\u9898 f(i, j) */\nfunc dfs(nums []int, target, i, j int) int {\n    // \u5982\u679c\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u6ca1\u6709\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de -1\n    if i > j {\n        return -1\n    }\n    //    \u8ba1\u7b97\u7d22\u5f15\u4e2d\u70b9\n    m := i + ((j - i) >> 1)\n    //\u5224\u65ad\u4e2d\u70b9\u4e0e\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\u5927\u5c0f\n    if nums[m] < target {\n        // \u5c0f\u4e8e\u5219\u9012\u5f52\u53f3\u534a\u6570\u7ec4\n        // \u9012\u5f52\u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(m+1, j)\n        return dfs(nums, target, m+1, j)\n    } else if nums[m] > target {\n        // \u5c0f\u4e8e\u5219\u9012\u5f52\u5de6\u534a\u6570\u7ec4\n        // \u9012\u5f52\u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(i, m-1)\n        return dfs(nums, target, i, m-1)\n    } else {\n        // \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u7d22\u5f15\n        return m\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e */\nfunc binarySearch(nums []int, target int) int {\n    n := len(nums)\n    return dfs(nums, target, 0, n-1)\n}\n
    binary_search_recur.swift
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff1a\u95ee\u9898 f(i, j) */\nfunc dfs(nums: [Int], target: Int, i: Int, j: Int) -> Int {\n    // \u82e5\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u65e0\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de -1\n    if i > j {\n        return -1\n    }\n    // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\n    let m = (i + j) / 2\n    if nums[m] < target {\n        // \u9012\u5f52\u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(m+1, j)\n        return dfs(nums: nums, target: target, i: m + 1, j: j)\n    } else if nums[m] > target {\n        // \u9012\u5f52\u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(i, m-1)\n        return dfs(nums: nums, target: target, i: i, j: m - 1)\n    } else {\n        // \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u7d22\u5f15\n        return m\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e */\nfunc binarySearch(nums: [Int], target: Int) -> Int {\n    let n = nums.count\n    // \u6c42\u89e3\u95ee\u9898 f(0, n-1)\n    return dfs(nums: nums, target: target, i: 0, j: n - 1)\n}\n
    binary_search_recur.js
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff1a\u95ee\u9898 f(i, j) */\nfunction dfs(nums, target, i, j) {\n    // \u82e5\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u65e0\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de -1\n    if (i > j) {\n        return -1;\n    }\n    // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\n    const m = i + ((j - i) >> 1);\n    if (nums[m] < target) {\n        // \u9012\u5f52\u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(m+1, j)\n        return dfs(nums, target, m + 1, j);\n    } else if (nums[m] > target) {\n        // \u9012\u5f52\u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(i, m-1)\n        return dfs(nums, target, i, m - 1);\n    } else {\n        // \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u7d22\u5f15\n        return m;\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e */\nfunction binarySearch(nums, target) {\n    const n = nums.length;\n    // \u6c42\u89e3\u95ee\u9898 f(0, n-1)\n    return dfs(nums, target, 0, n - 1);\n}\n
    binary_search_recur.ts
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff1a\u95ee\u9898 f(i, j) */\nfunction dfs(nums: number[], target: number, i: number, j: number): number {\n    // \u82e5\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u65e0\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de -1\n    if (i > j) {\n        return -1;\n    }\n    // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\n    const m = i + ((j - i) >> 1);\n    if (nums[m] < target) {\n        // \u9012\u5f52\u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(m+1, j)\n        return dfs(nums, target, m + 1, j);\n    } else if (nums[m] > target) {\n        // \u9012\u5f52\u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(i, m-1)\n        return dfs(nums, target, i, m - 1);\n    } else {\n        // \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u7d22\u5f15\n        return m;\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e */\nfunction binarySearch(nums: number[], target: number): number {\n    const n = nums.length;\n    // \u6c42\u89e3\u95ee\u9898 f(0, n-1)\n    return dfs(nums, target, 0, n - 1);\n}\n
    binary_search_recur.dart
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff1a\u95ee\u9898 f(i, j) */\nint dfs(List<int> nums, int target, int i, int j) {\n  // \u82e5\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u65e0\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de -1\n  if (i > j) {\n    return -1;\n  }\n  // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\n  int m = (i + j) ~/ 2;\n  if (nums[m] < target) {\n    // \u9012\u5f52\u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(m+1, j)\n    return dfs(nums, target, m + 1, j);\n  } else if (nums[m] > target) {\n    // \u9012\u5f52\u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(i, m-1)\n    return dfs(nums, target, i, m - 1);\n  } else {\n    // \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u7d22\u5f15\n    return m;\n  }\n}\n\n/* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e */\nint binarySearch(List<int> nums, int target) {\n  int n = nums.length;\n  // \u6c42\u89e3\u95ee\u9898 f(0, n-1)\n  return dfs(nums, target, 0, n - 1);\n}\n
    binary_search_recur.rs
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff1a\u95ee\u9898 f(i, j) */\nfn dfs(nums: &[i32], target: i32, i: i32, j: i32) -> i32 {\n    // \u82e5\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u65e0\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de -1\n    if i > j { return -1; }\n    let m: i32 = (i + j) / 2;\n    if nums[m as usize] < target {\n        // \u9012\u5f52\u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(m+1, j)\n        return dfs(nums, target, m + 1, j);\n    } else if nums[m as usize] > target {\n        // \u9012\u5f52\u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(i, m-1)\n        return dfs(nums, target, i, m - 1);\n    } else {\n        // \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u7d22\u5f15\n        return m;\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e */\nfn binary_search(nums: &[i32], target: i32) -> i32 {\n    let n = nums.len() as i32;\n    // \u6c42\u89e3\u95ee\u9898 f(0, n-1)\n    dfs(nums, target, 0, n - 1)\n}\n
    binary_search_recur.c
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff1a\u95ee\u9898 f(i, j) */\nint dfs(int nums[], int target, int i, int j) {\n    // \u82e5\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u65e0\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de -1\n    if (i > j) {\n        return -1;\n    }\n    // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\n    int m = (i + j) / 2;\n    if (nums[m] < target) {\n        // \u9012\u5f52\u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(m+1, j)\n        return dfs(nums, target, m + 1, j);\n    } else if (nums[m] > target) {\n        // \u9012\u5f52\u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(i, m-1)\n        return dfs(nums, target, i, m - 1);\n    } else {\n        // \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u7d22\u5f15\n        return m;\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e */\nint binarySearch(int nums[], int target, int numsSize) {\n    int n = numsSize;\n    // \u6c42\u89e3\u95ee\u9898 f(0, n-1)\n    return dfs(nums, target, 0, n - 1);\n}\n
    binary_search_recur.zig
    [class]{}-[func]{dfs}\n\n[class]{}-[func]{binarySearch}\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_divide_and_conquer/build_binary_tree_problem/","title":"12.3 \u00a0 \u6784\u5efa\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u95ee\u9898","text":"

    Question

    \u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u68f5\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 preorder \u548c\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 inorder \uff0c\u8bf7\u4ece\u4e2d\u6784\u5efa\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u503c\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u3002

    \u56fe 12-5 \u00a0 \u6784\u5efa\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u6570\u636e

    "},{"location":"chapter_divide_and_conquer/build_binary_tree_problem/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u5206\u6cbb\u95ee\u9898","text":"

    \u539f\u95ee\u9898\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u4ece preorder \u548c inorder \u6784\u5efa\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5178\u578b\u7684\u5206\u6cbb\u95ee\u9898\u3002

    • \u95ee\u9898\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u89e3\uff1a\u4ece\u5206\u6cbb\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u5207\u5165\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u539f\u95ee\u9898\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u6784\u5efa\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u3001\u6784\u5efa\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0a\u4e00\u6b65\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u3002\u800c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6bcf\u68f5\u5b50\u6811\uff08\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff09\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u590d\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5212\u5206\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u66f4\u5c0f\u7684\u5b50\u6811\uff08\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff09\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff08\u7a7a\u5b50\u6811\uff09\u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\u3002
    • \u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\uff1a\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u662f\u76f8\u4e92\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u6ca1\u6709\u4ea4\u96c6\u3002\u5728\u6784\u5efa\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u9700\u5173\u6ce8\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u548c\u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u4e2d\u4e0e\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u540c\u7406\u3002
    • \u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u53ef\u4ee5\u5408\u5e76\uff1a\u4e00\u65e6\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\uff08\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\uff09\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u94fe\u63a5\u5230\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e0a\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u539f\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_divide_and_conquer/build_binary_tree_problem/#2","title":"2. \u00a0 \u5982\u4f55\u5212\u5206\u5b50\u6811","text":"

    \u6839\u636e\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u8fd9\u9053\u9898\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5206\u6cbb\u6765\u6c42\u89e3\uff0c\u4f46\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u8fc7\u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 preorder \u548c\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 inorder \u6765\u5212\u5206\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u5462\uff1f

    \u6839\u636e\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0cpreorder \u548c inorder \u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\u3002

    • \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a[ \u6839\u8282\u70b9 | \u5de6\u5b50\u6811 | \u53f3\u5b50\u6811 ] \uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u56fe 12-5 \u7684\u6811\u5bf9\u5e94 [ 3 | 9 | 2 1 7 ] \u3002
    • \u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a[ \u5de6\u5b50\u6811 | \u6839\u8282\u70b9 \uff5c \u53f3\u5b50\u6811 ] \uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u56fe 12-5 \u7684\u6811\u5bf9\u5e94 [ 9 | 3 | 1 2 7 ] \u3002

    \u4ee5\u4e0a\u56fe\u6570\u636e\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u56fe 12-6 \u6240\u793a\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\u5f97\u5230\u5212\u5206\u7ed3\u679c\u3002

    1. \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u7684\u9996\u5143\u7d20 3 \u662f\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u503c\u3002
    2. \u67e5\u627e\u6839\u8282\u70b9 3 \u5728 inorder \u4e2d\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u8be5\u7d22\u5f15\u53ef\u5c06 inorder \u5212\u5206\u4e3a [ 9 | 3 \uff5c 1 2 7 ] \u3002
    3. \u6839\u636e inorder \u7684\u5212\u5206\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u6613\u5f97\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf\u5206\u522b\u4e3a 1 \u548c 3 \uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u53ef\u5c06 preorder \u5212\u5206\u4e3a [ 3 | 9 | 2 1 7 ] \u3002

    \u56fe 12-6 \u00a0 \u5728\u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u548c\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u4e2d\u5212\u5206\u5b50\u6811

    "},{"location":"chapter_divide_and_conquer/build_binary_tree_problem/#3","title":"3. \u00a0 \u57fa\u4e8e\u53d8\u91cf\u63cf\u8ff0\u5b50\u6811\u533a\u95f4","text":"

    \u6839\u636e\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5212\u5206\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f97\u5230\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u3001\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u3001\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u5728 preorder \u548c inorder \u4e2d\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u533a\u95f4\u3002\u800c\u4e3a\u4e86\u63cf\u8ff0\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7d22\u5f15\u533a\u95f4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u501f\u52a9\u51e0\u4e2a\u6307\u9488\u53d8\u91cf\u3002

    • \u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u5728 preorder \u4e2d\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u8bb0\u4e3a \\(i\\) \u3002
    • \u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u5728 inorder \u4e2d\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u8bb0\u4e3a \\(m\\) \u3002
    • \u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u6811\u5728 inorder \u4e2d\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u533a\u95f4\u8bb0\u4e3a \\([l, r]\\) \u3002

    \u5982\u8868 12-1 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0a\u53d8\u91cf\u5373\u53ef\u8868\u793a\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u5728 preorder \u4e2d\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b50\u6811\u5728 inorder \u4e2d\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u533a\u95f4\u3002

    \u8868 12-1 \u00a0 \u6839\u8282\u70b9\u548c\u5b50\u6811\u5728\u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u548c\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u4e2d\u7684\u7d22\u5f15

    \u6839\u8282\u70b9\u5728 preorder \u4e2d\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 \u5b50\u6811\u5728 inorder \u4e2d\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u533a\u95f4 \u5f53\u524d\u6811 \\(i\\) \\([l, r]\\) \u5de6\u5b50\u6811 \\(i + 1\\) \\([l, m-1]\\) \u53f3\u5b50\u6811 \\(i + 1 + (m - l)\\) \\([m+1, r]\\)

    \u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\u4e2d\u7684 \\((m-l)\\) \u7684\u542b\u4e49\u662f\u201c\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf\u201d\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u7ed3\u5408\u56fe 12-7 \u7406\u89e3\u3002

    \u56fe 12-7 \u00a0 \u6839\u8282\u70b9\u548c\u5de6\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u533a\u95f4\u8868\u793a

    "},{"location":"chapter_divide_and_conquer/build_binary_tree_problem/#4","title":"4. \u00a0 \u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0","text":"

    \u4e3a\u4e86\u63d0\u5347\u67e5\u8be2 \\(m\\) \u7684\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u501f\u52a9\u4e00\u4e2a\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 hmap \u6765\u5b58\u50a8\u6570\u7ec4 inorder \u4e2d\u5143\u7d20\u5230\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u6620\u5c04\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig build_tree.py
    def dfs(\n    preorder: list[int],\n    inorder_map: dict[int, int],\n    i: int,\n    l: int,\n    r: int,\n) -> TreeNode | None:\n    \"\"\"\u6784\u5efa\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff1a\u5206\u6cbb\"\"\"\n    # \u5b50\u6811\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\n    if r - l < 0:\n        return None\n    # \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    root = TreeNode(preorder[i])\n    # \u67e5\u8be2 m \uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5212\u5206\u5de6\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\n    m = inorder_map[preorder[i]]\n    # \u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u6784\u5efa\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\n    root.left = dfs(preorder, inorder_map, i + 1, l, m - 1)\n    # \u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u6784\u5efa\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\n    root.right = dfs(preorder, inorder_map, i + 1 + m - l, m + 1, r)\n    # \u8fd4\u56de\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    return root\n\ndef build_tree(preorder: list[int], inorder: list[int]) -> TreeNode | None:\n    \"\"\"\u6784\u5efa\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\"\"\"\n    # \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u5b58\u50a8 inorder \u5143\u7d20\u5230\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u6620\u5c04\n    inorder_map = {val: i for i, val in enumerate(inorder)}\n    root = dfs(preorder, inorder_map, 0, 0, len(inorder) - 1)\n    return root\n
    build_tree.cpp
    /* \u6784\u5efa\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff1a\u5206\u6cbb */\nTreeNode *dfs(vector<int> &preorder, unordered_map<int, int> &inorderMap, int i, int l, int r) {\n    // \u5b50\u6811\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\n    if (r - l < 0)\n        return NULL;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    TreeNode *root = new TreeNode(preorder[i]);\n    // \u67e5\u8be2 m \uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5212\u5206\u5de6\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\n    int m = inorderMap[preorder[i]];\n    // \u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u6784\u5efa\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\n    root->left = dfs(preorder, inorderMap, i + 1, l, m - 1);\n    // \u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u6784\u5efa\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\n    root->right = dfs(preorder, inorderMap, i + 1 + m - l, m + 1, r);\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    return root;\n}\n\n/* \u6784\u5efa\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811 */\nTreeNode *buildTree(vector<int> &preorder, vector<int> &inorder) {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u5b58\u50a8 inorder \u5143\u7d20\u5230\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u6620\u5c04\n    unordered_map<int, int> inorderMap;\n    for (int i = 0; i < inorder.size(); i++) {\n        inorderMap[inorder[i]] = i;\n    }\n    TreeNode *root = dfs(preorder, inorderMap, 0, 0, inorder.size() - 1);\n    return root;\n}\n
    build_tree.java
    /* \u6784\u5efa\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff1a\u5206\u6cbb */\nTreeNode dfs(int[] preorder, Map<Integer, Integer> inorderMap, int i, int l, int r) {\n    // \u5b50\u6811\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\n    if (r - l < 0)\n        return null;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    TreeNode root = new TreeNode(preorder[i]);\n    // \u67e5\u8be2 m \uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5212\u5206\u5de6\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\n    int m = inorderMap.get(preorder[i]);\n    // \u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u6784\u5efa\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\n    root.left = dfs(preorder, inorderMap, i + 1, l, m - 1);\n    // \u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u6784\u5efa\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\n    root.right = dfs(preorder, inorderMap, i + 1 + m - l, m + 1, r);\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    return root;\n}\n\n/* \u6784\u5efa\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811 */\nTreeNode buildTree(int[] preorder, int[] inorder) {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u5b58\u50a8 inorder \u5143\u7d20\u5230\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u6620\u5c04\n    Map<Integer, Integer> inorderMap = new HashMap<>();\n    for (int i = 0; i < inorder.length; i++) {\n        inorderMap.put(inorder[i], i);\n    }\n    TreeNode root = dfs(preorder, inorderMap, 0, 0, inorder.length - 1);\n    return root;\n}\n
    build_tree.cs
    /* \u6784\u5efa\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff1a\u5206\u6cbb */\nTreeNode? DFS(int[] preorder, Dictionary<int, int> inorderMap, int i, int l, int r) {\n    // \u5b50\u6811\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\n    if (r - l < 0)\n        return null;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    TreeNode root = new(preorder[i]);\n    // \u67e5\u8be2 m \uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5212\u5206\u5de6\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\n    int m = inorderMap[preorder[i]];\n    // \u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u6784\u5efa\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\n    root.left = DFS(preorder, inorderMap, i + 1, l, m - 1);\n    // \u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u6784\u5efa\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\n    root.right = DFS(preorder, inorderMap, i + 1 + m - l, m + 1, r);\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    return root;\n}\n\n/* \u6784\u5efa\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811 */\nTreeNode? BuildTree(int[] preorder, int[] inorder) {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u5b58\u50a8 inorder \u5143\u7d20\u5230\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u6620\u5c04\n    Dictionary<int, int> inorderMap = [];\n    for (int i = 0; i < inorder.Length; i++) {\n        inorderMap.TryAdd(inorder[i], i);\n    }\n    TreeNode? root = DFS(preorder, inorderMap, 0, 0, inorder.Length - 1);\n    return root;\n}\n
    build_tree.go
    /* \u6784\u5efa\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff1a\u5206\u6cbb */\nfunc dfsBuildTree(preorder []int, inorderMap map[int]int, i, l, r int) *TreeNode {\n    // \u5b50\u6811\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\n    if r-l < 0 {\n        return nil\n    }\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    root := NewTreeNode(preorder[i])\n    // \u67e5\u8be2 m \uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5212\u5206\u5de6\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\n    m := inorderMap[preorder[i]]\n    // \u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u6784\u5efa\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\n    root.Left = dfsBuildTree(preorder, inorderMap, i+1, l, m-1)\n    // \u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u6784\u5efa\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\n    root.Right = dfsBuildTree(preorder, inorderMap, i+1+m-l, m+1, r)\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    return root\n}\n\n/* \u6784\u5efa\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811 */\nfunc buildTree(preorder, inorder []int) *TreeNode {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u5b58\u50a8 inorder \u5143\u7d20\u5230\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u6620\u5c04\n    inorderMap := make(map[int]int, len(inorder))\n    for i := 0; i < len(inorder); i++ {\n        inorderMap[inorder[i]] = i\n    }\n\n    root := dfsBuildTree(preorder, inorderMap, 0, 0, len(inorder)-1)\n    return root\n}\n
    build_tree.swift
    /* \u6784\u5efa\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff1a\u5206\u6cbb */\nfunc dfs(preorder: [Int], inorderMap: [Int: Int], i: Int, l: Int, r: Int) -> TreeNode? {\n    // \u5b50\u6811\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\n    if r - l < 0 {\n        return nil\n    }\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    let root = TreeNode(x: preorder[i])\n    // \u67e5\u8be2 m \uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5212\u5206\u5de6\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\n    let m = inorderMap[preorder[i]]!\n    // \u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u6784\u5efa\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\n    root.left = dfs(preorder: preorder, inorderMap: inorderMap, i: i + 1, l: l, r: m - 1)\n    // \u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u6784\u5efa\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\n    root.right = dfs(preorder: preorder, inorderMap: inorderMap, i: i + 1 + m - l, l: m + 1, r: r)\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    return root\n}\n\n/* \u6784\u5efa\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811 */\nfunc buildTree(preorder: [Int], inorder: [Int]) -> TreeNode? {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u5b58\u50a8 inorder \u5143\u7d20\u5230\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u6620\u5c04\n    let inorderMap = inorder.enumerated().reduce(into: [:]) { $0[$1.element] = $1.offset }\n    return dfs(preorder: preorder, inorderMap: inorderMap, i: 0, l: 0, r: inorder.count - 1)\n}\n
    build_tree.js
    /* \u6784\u5efa\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff1a\u5206\u6cbb */\nfunction dfs(preorder, inorderMap, i, l, r) {\n    // \u5b50\u6811\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\n    if (r - l < 0) return null;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    const root = new TreeNode(preorder[i]);\n    // \u67e5\u8be2 m \uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5212\u5206\u5de6\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\n    const m = inorderMap.get(preorder[i]);\n    // \u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u6784\u5efa\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\n    root.left = dfs(preorder, inorderMap, i + 1, l, m - 1);\n    // \u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u6784\u5efa\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\n    root.right = dfs(preorder, inorderMap, i + 1 + m - l, m + 1, r);\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    return root;\n}\n\n/* \u6784\u5efa\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811 */\nfunction buildTree(preorder, inorder) {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u5b58\u50a8 inorder \u5143\u7d20\u5230\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u6620\u5c04\n    let inorderMap = new Map();\n    for (let i = 0; i < inorder.length; i++) {\n        inorderMap.set(inorder[i], i);\n    }\n    const root = dfs(preorder, inorderMap, 0, 0, inorder.length - 1);\n    return root;\n}\n
    build_tree.ts
    /* \u6784\u5efa\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff1a\u5206\u6cbb */\nfunction dfs(\n    preorder: number[],\n    inorderMap: Map<number, number>,\n    i: number,\n    l: number,\n    r: number\n): TreeNode | null {\n    // \u5b50\u6811\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\n    if (r - l < 0) return null;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    const root: TreeNode = new TreeNode(preorder[i]);\n    // \u67e5\u8be2 m \uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5212\u5206\u5de6\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\n    const m = inorderMap.get(preorder[i]);\n    // \u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u6784\u5efa\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\n    root.left = dfs(preorder, inorderMap, i + 1, l, m - 1);\n    // \u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u6784\u5efa\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\n    root.right = dfs(preorder, inorderMap, i + 1 + m - l, m + 1, r);\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    return root;\n}\n\n/* \u6784\u5efa\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811 */\nfunction buildTree(preorder: number[], inorder: number[]): TreeNode | null {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u5b58\u50a8 inorder \u5143\u7d20\u5230\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u6620\u5c04\n    let inorderMap = new Map<number, number>();\n    for (let i = 0; i < inorder.length; i++) {\n        inorderMap.set(inorder[i], i);\n    }\n    const root = dfs(preorder, inorderMap, 0, 0, inorder.length - 1);\n    return root;\n}\n
    build_tree.dart
    /* \u6784\u5efa\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff1a\u5206\u6cbb */\nTreeNode? dfs(\n  List<int> preorder,\n  Map<int, int> inorderMap,\n  int i,\n  int l,\n  int r,\n) {\n  // \u5b50\u6811\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\n  if (r - l < 0) {\n    return null;\n  }\n  // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n  TreeNode? root = TreeNode(preorder[i]);\n  // \u67e5\u8be2 m \uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5212\u5206\u5de6\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\n  int m = inorderMap[preorder[i]]!;\n  // \u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u6784\u5efa\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\n  root.left = dfs(preorder, inorderMap, i + 1, l, m - 1);\n  // \u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u6784\u5efa\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\n  root.right = dfs(preorder, inorderMap, i + 1 + m - l, m + 1, r);\n  // \u8fd4\u56de\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n  return root;\n}\n\n/* \u6784\u5efa\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811 */\nTreeNode? buildTree(List<int> preorder, List<int> inorder) {\n  // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u5b58\u50a8 inorder \u5143\u7d20\u5230\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u6620\u5c04\n  Map<int, int> inorderMap = {};\n  for (int i = 0; i < inorder.length; i++) {\n    inorderMap[inorder[i]] = i;\n  }\n  TreeNode? root = dfs(preorder, inorderMap, 0, 0, inorder.length - 1);\n  return root;\n}\n
    build_tree.rs
    /* \u6784\u5efa\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff1a\u5206\u6cbb */\nfn dfs(preorder: &[i32], inorder_map: &HashMap<i32, i32>, i: i32, l: i32, r: i32) -> Option<Rc<RefCell<TreeNode>>> {\n    // \u5b50\u6811\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\n    if r - l < 0 { return None; }\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    let root = TreeNode::new(preorder[i as usize]);\n    // \u67e5\u8be2 m \uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5212\u5206\u5de6\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\n    let m = inorder_map.get(&preorder[i as usize]).unwrap();\n    // \u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u6784\u5efa\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\n    root.borrow_mut().left = dfs(preorder, inorder_map, i + 1, l, m - 1);\n    // \u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u6784\u5efa\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\n    root.borrow_mut().right = dfs(preorder, inorder_map, i + 1 + m - l, m + 1, r);\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    Some(root)\n}\n\n/* \u6784\u5efa\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811 */\nfn build_tree(preorder: &[i32], inorder: &[i32]) -> Option<Rc<RefCell<TreeNode>>> {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u5b58\u50a8 inorder \u5143\u7d20\u5230\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u6620\u5c04\n    let mut inorder_map: HashMap<i32, i32> = HashMap::new();\n    for i in 0..inorder.len() {\n        inorder_map.insert(inorder[i], i as i32);\n    }\n    let root = dfs(preorder, &inorder_map, 0, 0, inorder.len() as i32 - 1);\n    root\n}\n
    build_tree.c
    /* \u6784\u5efa\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff1a\u5206\u6cbb */\nTreeNode *dfs(int *preorder, int *inorderMap, int i, int l, int r, int size) {\n    // \u5b50\u6811\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\n    if (r - l < 0)\n        return NULL;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    TreeNode *root = (TreeNode *)malloc(sizeof(TreeNode));\n    root->val = preorder[i];\n    root->left = NULL;\n    root->right = NULL;\n    // \u67e5\u8be2 m \uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5212\u5206\u5de6\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\n    int m = inorderMap[preorder[i]];\n    // \u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u6784\u5efa\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\n    root->left = dfs(preorder, inorderMap, i + 1, l, m - 1, size);\n    // \u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u6784\u5efa\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\n    root->right = dfs(preorder, inorderMap, i + 1 + m - l, m + 1, r, size);\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    return root;\n}\n\n/* \u6784\u5efa\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811 */\nTreeNode *buildTree(int *preorder, int preorderSize, int *inorder, int inorderSize) {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u5b58\u50a8 inorder \u5143\u7d20\u5230\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u6620\u5c04\n    int *inorderMap = (int *)malloc(sizeof(int) * MAX_SIZE);\n    for (int i = 0; i < inorderSize; i++) {\n        inorderMap[inorder[i]] = i;\n    }\n    TreeNode *root = dfs(preorder, inorderMap, 0, 0, inorderSize - 1, inorderSize);\n    free(inorderMap);\n    return root;\n}\n
    build_tree.zig
    [class]{}-[func]{dfs}\n\n[class]{}-[func]{buildTree}\n

    \u56fe 12-8 \u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u6784\u5efa\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u9012\u5f52\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5404\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u662f\u5728\u5411\u4e0b\u201c\u9012\u201d\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u5404\u6761\u8fb9\uff08\u5f15\u7528\uff09\u662f\u5728\u5411\u4e0a\u201c\u5f52\u201d\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u3002

    <1><2><3><4><5><6><7><8><9>

    \u56fe 12-8 \u00a0 \u6784\u5efa\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u9012\u5f52\u8fc7\u7a0b

    \u6bcf\u4e2a\u9012\u5f52\u51fd\u6570\u5185\u7684\u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 preorder \u548c\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 inorder \u7684\u5212\u5206\u7ed3\u679c\u5982\u56fe 12-9 \u6240\u793a\u3002

    \u56fe 12-9 \u00a0 \u6bcf\u4e2a\u9012\u5f52\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u7684\u5212\u5206\u7ed3\u679c

    \u8bbe\u6811\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf\u4e3a \\(n\\) \uff0c\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u4e2a\u9012\u5f52\u51fd\u6570 dfs() \uff09\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(1)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u603b\u4f53\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n)\\) \u3002

    \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5b58\u50a8 inorder \u5143\u7d20\u5230\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u6620\u5c04\uff0c\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n)\\) \u3002\u5728\u6700\u5dee\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5373\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u9000\u5316\u4e3a\u94fe\u8868\u65f6\uff0c\u9012\u5f52\u6df1\u5ea6\u8fbe\u5230 \\(n\\) \uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(n)\\) \u7684\u6808\u5e27\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u603b\u4f53\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n)\\) \u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_divide_and_conquer/divide_and_conquer/","title":"12.1 \u00a0 \u5206\u6cbb\u7b97\u6cd5","text":"

    \u300c\u5206\u6cbb divide and conquer\u300d\uff0c\u5168\u79f0\u5206\u800c\u6cbb\u4e4b\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u4e14\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u5206\u6cbb\u901a\u5e38\u57fa\u4e8e\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u201c\u5206\u201d\u548c\u201c\u6cbb\u201d\u4e24\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002

    1. \u5206\uff08\u5212\u5206\u9636\u6bb5\uff09\uff1a\u9012\u5f52\u5730\u5c06\u539f\u95ee\u9898\u5206\u89e3\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u5230\u8fbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\u3002
    2. \u6cbb\uff08\u5408\u5e76\u9636\u6bb5\uff09\uff1a\u4ece\u5df2\u77e5\u89e3\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u5e95\u81f3\u9876\u5730\u5c06\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u8fdb\u884c\u5408\u5e76\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6784\u5efa\u51fa\u539f\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u3002

    \u5982\u56fe 12-1 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u201c\u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f\u201d\u662f\u5206\u6cbb\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u5178\u578b\u5e94\u7528\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002

    1. \u5206\uff1a\u9012\u5f52\u5730\u5c06\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\uff08\u539f\u95ee\u9898\uff09\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\uff08\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff09\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u53ea\u5269\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\uff08\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff09\u3002
    2. \u6cbb\uff1a\u4ece\u5e95\u81f3\u9876\u5730\u5c06\u6709\u5e8f\u7684\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\uff08\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\uff09\u8fdb\u884c\u5408\u5e76\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f97\u5230\u6709\u5e8f\u7684\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\uff08\u539f\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\uff09\u3002

    \u56fe 12-1 \u00a0 \u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u5206\u6cbb\u7b56\u7565

    "},{"location":"chapter_divide_and_conquer/divide_and_conquer/#1211","title":"12.1.1 \u00a0 \u5982\u4f55\u5224\u65ad\u5206\u6cbb\u95ee\u9898","text":"

    \u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u5426\u9002\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u5206\u6cbb\u89e3\u51b3\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c2\u8003\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u5224\u65ad\u4f9d\u636e\u3002

    1. \u95ee\u9898\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u89e3\uff1a\u539f\u95ee\u9898\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u89e3\u6210\u89c4\u6a21\u66f4\u5c0f\u3001\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u80fd\u591f\u4ee5\u76f8\u540c\u65b9\u5f0f\u9012\u5f52\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u5212\u5206\u3002
    2. \u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\uff1a\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u4e4b\u95f4\u6ca1\u6709\u91cd\u53e0\uff0c\u4e92\u4e0d\u4f9d\u8d56\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u72ec\u7acb\u89e3\u51b3\u3002
    3. \u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u53ef\u4ee5\u5408\u5e76\uff1a\u539f\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u901a\u8fc7\u5408\u5e76\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u5f97\u6765\u3002

    \u663e\u7136\uff0c\u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f\u6ee1\u8db3\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4e09\u4e2a\u5224\u65ad\u4f9d\u636e\u3002

    1. \u95ee\u9898\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u89e3\uff1a\u9012\u5f52\u5730\u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\uff08\u539f\u95ee\u9898\uff09\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\uff08\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff09\u3002
    2. \u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\uff1a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u72ec\u7acb\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u53ef\u4ee5\u72ec\u7acb\u8fdb\u884c\u6c42\u89e3\uff09\u3002
    3. \u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u53ef\u4ee5\u5408\u5e76\uff1a\u4e24\u4e2a\u6709\u5e8f\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\uff08\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\uff09\u53ef\u4ee5\u5408\u5e76\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u5e8f\u6570\u7ec4\uff08\u539f\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\uff09\u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_divide_and_conquer/divide_and_conquer/#1212","title":"12.1.2 \u00a0 \u901a\u8fc7\u5206\u6cbb\u63d0\u5347\u6548\u7387","text":"

    \u5206\u6cbb\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u5730\u89e3\u51b3\u7b97\u6cd5\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u5347\u7b97\u6cd5\u6548\u7387\u3002\u5728\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e2d\uff0c\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u3001\u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f\u3001\u5806\u6392\u5e8f\u76f8\u8f83\u4e8e\u9009\u62e9\u3001\u5192\u6ce1\u3001\u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f\u66f4\u5feb\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u5e94\u7528\u4e86\u5206\u6cbb\u7b56\u7565\u3002

    \u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u7981\u53d1\u95ee\uff1a\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5206\u6cbb\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u5347\u7b97\u6cd5\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u5176\u5e95\u5c42\u903b\u8f91\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u5c06\u5927\u95ee\u9898\u5206\u89e3\u4e3a\u591a\u4e2a\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u3001\u89e3\u51b3\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u3001\u5c06\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u5408\u5e76\u4e3a\u539f\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\uff0c\u8fd9\u51e0\u6b65\u7684\u6548\u7387\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6bd4\u76f4\u63a5\u89e3\u51b3\u539f\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6548\u7387\u66f4\u9ad8\uff1f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u91cf\u548c\u5e76\u884c\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e24\u65b9\u9762\u6765\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_divide_and_conquer/divide_and_conquer/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u91cf\u4f18\u5316","text":"

    \u4ee5\u201c\u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\u201d\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u5176\u5904\u7406\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(n\\) \u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u9700\u8981 \\(O(n^2)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u6309\u7167\u56fe 12-2 \u6240\u793a\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u4ece\u4e2d\u70b9\u5904\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5219\u5212\u5206\u9700\u8981 \\(O(n)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u6392\u5e8f\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u9700\u8981 \\(O((n / 2)^2)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u5408\u5e76\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u9700\u8981 \\(O(n)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u603b\u4f53\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a\uff1a

    \\[ O(n + (\\frac{n}{2})^2 \\times 2 + n) = O(\\frac{n^2}{2} + 2n) \\]

    \u56fe 12-2 \u00a0 \u5212\u5206\u6570\u7ec4\u524d\u540e\u7684\u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f

    \u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8ba1\u7b97\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e0d\u7b49\u5f0f\uff0c\u5176\u5de6\u8fb9\u548c\u53f3\u8fb9\u5206\u522b\u4e3a\u5212\u5206\u524d\u548c\u5212\u5206\u540e\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u603b\u6570\uff1a

    \\[ \\begin{aligned} n^2 & > \\frac{n^2}{2} + 2n \\newline n^2 - \\frac{n^2}{2} - 2n & > 0 \\newline n(n - 4) & > 0 \\end{aligned} \\]

    \u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5f53 \\(n > 4\\) \u65f6\uff0c\u5212\u5206\u540e\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u91cf\u66f4\u5c11\uff0c\u6392\u5e8f\u6548\u7387\u5e94\u8be5\u66f4\u9ad8\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u5212\u5206\u540e\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u5e73\u65b9\u9636 \\(O(n^2)\\) \uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e2d\u7684\u5e38\u6570\u9879\u53d8\u5c0f\u4e86\u3002

    \u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u60f3\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u518d\u4ece\u4e2d\u70b9\u5904\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u53ea\u5269\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u65f6\u505c\u6b62\u5212\u5206\u5462\uff1f\u8fd9\u79cd\u601d\u8def\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f\u201d\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n \\log n)\\) \u3002

    \u518d\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u591a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u51e0\u4e2a\u5212\u5206\u70b9\uff0c\u5c06\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\u5e73\u5747\u5212\u5206\u4e3a \\(k\\) \u4e2a\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5462\uff1f\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0e\u201c\u6876\u6392\u5e8f\u201d\u975e\u5e38\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u5b83\u975e\u5e38\u9002\u5408\u6392\u5e8f\u6d77\u91cf\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fbe\u5230 \\(O(n + k)\\) \u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_divide_and_conquer/divide_and_conquer/#2","title":"2. \u00a0 \u5e76\u884c\u8ba1\u7b97\u4f18\u5316","text":"

    \u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u5206\u6cbb\u751f\u6210\u7684\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u76f8\u4e92\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u901a\u5e38\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e76\u884c\u89e3\u51b3\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5206\u6cbb\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53ef\u4ee5\u964d\u4f4e\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5e76\u884c\u4f18\u5316\u3002

    \u5e76\u884c\u4f18\u5316\u5728\u591a\u6838\u6216\u591a\u5904\u7406\u5668\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u5c24\u5176\u6709\u6548\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u4ee5\u540c\u65f6\u5904\u7406\u591a\u4e2a\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u66f4\u52a0\u5145\u5206\u5730\u5229\u7528\u8ba1\u7b97\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u663e\u8457\u51cf\u5c11\u603b\u4f53\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u3002

    \u6bd4\u5982\u5728\u56fe 12-3 \u6240\u793a\u7684\u201c\u6876\u6392\u5e8f\u201d\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u6d77\u91cf\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e73\u5747\u5206\u914d\u5230\u5404\u4e2a\u6876\u4e2d\uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u6240\u6709\u6876\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u4efb\u52a1\u5206\u6563\u5230\u5404\u4e2a\u8ba1\u7b97\u5355\u5143\uff0c\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\u518d\u5408\u5e76\u7ed3\u679c\u3002

    \u56fe 12-3 \u00a0 \u6876\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u5e76\u884c\u8ba1\u7b97

    "},{"location":"chapter_divide_and_conquer/divide_and_conquer/#1213","title":"12.1.3 \u00a0 \u5206\u6cbb\u5e38\u89c1\u5e94\u7528","text":"

    \u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5206\u6cbb\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u8bb8\u591a\u7ecf\u5178\u7b97\u6cd5\u95ee\u9898\u3002

    • \u5bfb\u627e\u6700\u8fd1\u70b9\u5bf9\uff1a\u8be5\u7b97\u6cd5\u9996\u5148\u5c06\u70b9\u96c6\u5206\u6210\u4e24\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5206\u522b\u627e\u51fa\u4e24\u90e8\u5206\u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u8fd1\u70b9\u5bf9\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u627e\u51fa\u8de8\u8d8a\u4e24\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u6700\u8fd1\u70b9\u5bf9\u3002
    • \u5927\u6574\u6570\u4e58\u6cd5\uff1a\u4f8b\u5982 Karatsuba \u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u5927\u6574\u6570\u4e58\u6cd5\u5206\u89e3\u4e3a\u51e0\u4e2a\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u6574\u6570\u7684\u4e58\u6cd5\u548c\u52a0\u6cd5\u3002
    • \u77e9\u9635\u4e58\u6cd5\uff1a\u4f8b\u5982 Strassen \u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u5927\u77e9\u9635\u4e58\u6cd5\u5206\u89e3\u4e3a\u591a\u4e2a\u5c0f\u77e9\u9635\u7684\u4e58\u6cd5\u548c\u52a0\u6cd5\u3002
    • \u6c49\u8bfa\u5854\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u6c49\u8bfa\u5854\u95ee\u9898\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u9012\u5f52\u89e3\u51b3\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u5178\u578b\u7684\u5206\u6cbb\u7b56\u7565\u5e94\u7528\u3002
    • \u6c42\u89e3\u9006\u5e8f\u5bf9\uff1a\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e8f\u5217\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u524d\u9762\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u5927\u4e8e\u540e\u9762\u7684\u6570\u5b57\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u6784\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u9006\u5e8f\u5bf9\u3002\u6c42\u89e3\u9006\u5e8f\u5bf9\u95ee\u9898\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u5206\u6cbb\u7684\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u501f\u52a9\u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f\u8fdb\u884c\u6c42\u89e3\u3002

    \u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5206\u6cbb\u5728\u7b97\u6cd5\u548c\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e2d\u5e94\u7528\u5f97\u975e\u5e38\u5e7f\u6cdb\u3002

    • \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff1a\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u662f\u5c06\u6709\u5e8f\u6570\u7ec4\u4ece\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\u5904\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u6839\u636e\u76ee\u6807\u503c\u4e0e\u4e2d\u95f4\u5143\u7d20\u503c\u6bd4\u8f83\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u51b3\u5b9a\u6392\u9664\u54ea\u4e00\u534a\u533a\u95f4\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5269\u4f59\u533a\u95f4\u6267\u884c\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u4e8c\u5206\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002
    • \u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f\uff1a\u672c\u8282\u5f00\u5934\u5df2\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u8d58\u8ff0\u3002
    • \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\uff1a\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u662f\u9009\u53d6\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u51c6\u503c\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u628a\u6570\u7ec4\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u6bd4\u57fa\u51c6\u503c\u5c0f\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u6bd4\u57fa\u51c6\u503c\u5927\uff0c\u518d\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e24\u90e8\u5206\u8fdb\u884c\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5212\u5206\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u53ea\u5269\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u3002
    • \u6876\u6392\u5e8f\uff1a\u6876\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u601d\u60f3\u662f\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6563\u5230\u591a\u4e2a\u6876\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6876\u5185\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u5c06\u5404\u4e2a\u6876\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u4f9d\u6b21\u53d6\u51fa\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u5e8f\u6570\u7ec4\u3002
    • \u6811\uff1a\u4f8b\u5982\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u3001AVL \u6811\u3001\u7ea2\u9ed1\u6811\u3001B \u6811\u3001B+ \u6811\u7b49\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u67e5\u627e\u3001\u63d2\u5165\u548c\u5220\u9664\u7b49\u64cd\u4f5c\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u89c6\u4e3a\u5206\u6cbb\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u3002
    • \u5806\uff1a\u5806\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u5b8c\u5168\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff0c\u5176\u5404\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5982\u63d2\u5165\u3001\u5220\u9664\u548c\u5806\u5316\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u90fd\u9690\u542b\u4e86\u5206\u6cbb\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u3002
    • \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff1a\u867d\u7136\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5e76\u4e0d\u76f4\u63a5\u5e94\u7528\u5206\u6cbb\uff0c\u4f46\u67d0\u4e9b\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u95f4\u63a5\u5e94\u7528\u4e86\u5206\u6cbb\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u94fe\u5f0f\u5730\u5740\u4e2d\u7684\u957f\u94fe\u8868\u4f1a\u88ab\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u7ea2\u9ed1\u6811\uff0c\u4ee5\u63d0\u5347\u67e5\u8be2\u6548\u7387\u3002

    \u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\uff0c\u5206\u6cbb\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u6da6\u7269\u7ec6\u65e0\u58f0\u201d\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u9690\u542b\u5728\u5404\u79cd\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_divide_and_conquer/hanota_problem/","title":"12.4 \u00a0 \u6c49\u8bfa\u5854\u95ee\u9898","text":"

    \u5728\u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f\u548c\u6784\u5efa\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u90fd\u662f\u5c06\u539f\u95ee\u9898\u5206\u89e3\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u89c4\u6a21\u4e3a\u539f\u95ee\u9898\u4e00\u534a\u7684\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u7136\u800c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6c49\u8bfa\u5854\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u91c7\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5206\u89e3\u7b56\u7565\u3002

    Question

    \u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e09\u6839\u67f1\u5b50\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a A\u3001B \u548c C \u3002\u8d77\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\uff0c\u67f1\u5b50 A \u4e0a\u5957\u7740 \\(n\\) \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4ece\u4e0a\u5230\u4e0b\u6309\u7167\u4ece\u5c0f\u5230\u5927\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u6392\u5217\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u662f\u8981\u628a\u8fd9 \\(n\\) \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u79fb\u5230\u67f1\u5b50 C \u4e0a\uff0c\u5e76\u4fdd\u6301\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u539f\u6709\u987a\u5e8f\u4e0d\u53d8\uff08\u5982\u56fe 12-10 \u6240\u793a\uff09\u3002\u5728\u79fb\u52a8\u5706\u76d8\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u9075\u5b88\u4ee5\u4e0b\u89c4\u5219\u3002

    1. \u5706\u76d8\u53ea\u80fd\u4ece\u4e00\u6839\u67f1\u5b50\u9876\u90e8\u62ff\u51fa\uff0c\u4ece\u53e6\u4e00\u6839\u67f1\u5b50\u9876\u90e8\u653e\u5165\u3002
    2. \u6bcf\u6b21\u53ea\u80fd\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u3002
    3. \u5c0f\u5706\u76d8\u5fc5\u987b\u65f6\u523b\u4f4d\u4e8e\u5927\u5706\u76d8\u4e4b\u4e0a\u3002

    \u56fe 12-10 \u00a0 \u6c49\u8bfa\u5854\u95ee\u9898\u793a\u4f8b

    \u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u89c4\u6a21\u4e3a \\(i\\) \u7684\u6c49\u8bfa\u5854\u95ee\u9898\u8bb0\u4f5c \\(f(i)\\) \u3002\u4f8b\u5982 \\(f(3)\\) \u4ee3\u8868\u5c06 \\(3\\) \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u4ece A \u79fb\u52a8\u81f3 C \u7684\u6c49\u8bfa\u5854\u95ee\u9898\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_divide_and_conquer/hanota_problem/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u8003\u8651\u57fa\u672c\u60c5\u51b5","text":"

    \u5982\u56fe 12-11 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u95ee\u9898 \\(f(1)\\) \uff0c\u5373\u5f53\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5b83\u76f4\u63a5\u4ece A \u79fb\u52a8\u81f3 C \u5373\u53ef\u3002

    <1><2>

    \u56fe 12-11 \u00a0 \u89c4\u6a21\u4e3a 1 \u7684\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3

    \u5982\u56fe 12-12 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u95ee\u9898 \\(f(2)\\) \uff0c\u5373\u5f53\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u65f6\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u8981\u65f6\u523b\u6ee1\u8db3\u5c0f\u5706\u76d8\u5728\u5927\u5706\u76d8\u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u501f\u52a9 B \u6765\u5b8c\u6210\u79fb\u52a8\u3002

    1. \u5148\u5c06\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u5c0f\u5706\u76d8\u4ece A \u79fb\u81f3 B \u3002
    2. \u518d\u5c06\u5927\u5706\u76d8\u4ece A \u79fb\u81f3 C \u3002
    3. \u6700\u540e\u5c06\u5c0f\u5706\u76d8\u4ece B \u79fb\u81f3 C \u3002
    <1><2><3><4>

    \u56fe 12-12 \u00a0 \u89c4\u6a21\u4e3a 2 \u7684\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3

    \u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898 \\(f(2)\\) \u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53ef\u603b\u7ed3\u4e3a\uff1a\u5c06\u4e24\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u501f\u52a9 B \u4ece A \u79fb\u81f3 C \u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0cC \u79f0\u4e3a\u76ee\u6807\u67f1\u3001B \u79f0\u4e3a\u7f13\u51b2\u67f1\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_divide_and_conquer/hanota_problem/#2","title":"2. \u00a0 \u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u5206\u89e3","text":"

    \u5bf9\u4e8e\u95ee\u9898 \\(f(3)\\) \uff0c\u5373\u5f53\u6709\u4e09\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u65f6\uff0c\u60c5\u51b5\u53d8\u5f97\u7a0d\u5fae\u590d\u6742\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u3002

    \u56e0\u4e3a\u5df2\u77e5 \\(f(1)\\) \u548c \\(f(2)\\) \u7684\u89e3\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ece\u5206\u6cbb\u89d2\u5ea6\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u5c06 A \u9876\u90e8\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u770b\u4f5c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6574\u4f53\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u56fe 12-13 \u6240\u793a\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u4e09\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u5c31\u88ab\u987a\u5229\u5730\u4ece A \u79fb\u81f3 C \u4e86\u3002

    1. \u4ee4 B \u4e3a\u76ee\u6807\u67f1\u3001C \u4e3a\u7f13\u51b2\u67f1\uff0c\u5c06\u4e24\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u4ece A \u79fb\u81f3 B \u3002
    2. \u5c06 A \u4e2d\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u4ece A \u76f4\u63a5\u79fb\u52a8\u81f3 C \u3002
    3. \u4ee4 C \u4e3a\u76ee\u6807\u67f1\u3001A \u4e3a\u7f13\u51b2\u67f1\uff0c\u5c06\u4e24\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u4ece B \u79fb\u81f3 C \u3002
    <1><2><3><4>

    \u56fe 12-13 \u00a0 \u89c4\u6a21\u4e3a 3 \u7684\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3

    \u4ece\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u95ee\u9898 \\(f(3)\\) \u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u95ee\u9898 \\(f(2)\\) \u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u95ee\u9898 \\(f(1)\\) \u3002\u6309\u987a\u5e8f\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u539f\u95ee\u9898\u968f\u4e4b\u5f97\u5230\u89e3\u51b3\u3002\u8fd9\u8bf4\u660e\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u89e3\u53ef\u4ee5\u5408\u5e76\u3002

    \u81f3\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u603b\u7ed3\u51fa\u56fe 12-14 \u6240\u793a\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u6c49\u8bfa\u5854\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5206\u6cbb\u7b56\u7565\uff1a\u5c06\u539f\u95ee\u9898 \\(f(n)\\) \u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u95ee\u9898 \\(f(n-1)\\) \u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u95ee\u9898 \\(f(1)\\) \uff0c\u5e76\u6309\u7167\u4ee5\u4e0b\u987a\u5e8f\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u3002

    1. \u5c06 \\(n-1\\) \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u501f\u52a9 C \u4ece A \u79fb\u81f3 B \u3002
    2. \u5c06\u5269\u4f59 \\(1\\) \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u4ece A \u76f4\u63a5\u79fb\u81f3 C \u3002
    3. \u5c06 \\(n-1\\) \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u501f\u52a9 A \u4ece B \u79fb\u81f3 C \u3002

    \u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u95ee\u9898 \\(f(n-1)\\) \uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u9012\u5f52\u5212\u5206\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898 \\(f(1)\\) \u3002\u800c \\(f(1)\\) \u7684\u89e3\u662f\u5df2\u77e5\u7684\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u4e00\u6b21\u79fb\u52a8\u64cd\u4f5c\u5373\u53ef\u3002

    \u56fe 12-14 \u00a0 \u89e3\u51b3\u6c49\u8bfa\u5854\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5206\u6cbb\u7b56\u7565

    "},{"location":"chapter_divide_and_conquer/hanota_problem/#3","title":"3. \u00a0 \u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0","text":"

    \u5728\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u58f0\u660e\u4e00\u4e2a\u9012\u5f52\u51fd\u6570 dfs(i, src, buf, tar) \uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u5c06\u67f1 src \u9876\u90e8\u7684 \\(i\\) \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u501f\u52a9\u7f13\u51b2\u67f1 buf \u79fb\u52a8\u81f3\u76ee\u6807\u67f1 tar \uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig hanota.py
    def move(src: list[int], tar: list[int]):\n    \"\"\"\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\"\"\"\n    # \u4ece src \u9876\u90e8\u62ff\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\n    pan = src.pop()\n    # \u5c06\u5706\u76d8\u653e\u5165 tar \u9876\u90e8\n    tar.append(pan)\n\ndef dfs(i: int, src: list[int], buf: list[int], tar: list[int]):\n    \"\"\"\u6c42\u89e3\u6c49\u8bfa\u5854\u95ee\u9898 f(i)\"\"\"\n    # \u82e5 src \u53ea\u5269\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u5c06\u5176\u79fb\u5230 tar\n    if i == 1:\n        move(src, tar)\n        return\n    # \u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(i-1) \uff1a\u5c06 src \u9876\u90e8 i-1 \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u501f\u52a9 tar \u79fb\u5230 buf\n    dfs(i - 1, src, tar, buf)\n    # \u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(1) \uff1a\u5c06 src \u5269\u4f59\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u79fb\u5230 tar\n    move(src, tar)\n    # \u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(i-1) \uff1a\u5c06 buf \u9876\u90e8 i-1 \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u501f\u52a9 src \u79fb\u5230 tar\n    dfs(i - 1, buf, src, tar)\n\ndef solve_hanota(A: list[int], B: list[int], C: list[int]):\n    \"\"\"\u6c42\u89e3\u6c49\u8bfa\u5854\u95ee\u9898\"\"\"\n    n = len(A)\n    # \u5c06 A \u9876\u90e8 n \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u501f\u52a9 B \u79fb\u5230 C\n    dfs(n, A, B, C)\n
    hanota.cpp
    /* \u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8 */\nvoid move(vector<int> &src, vector<int> &tar) {\n    // \u4ece src \u9876\u90e8\u62ff\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\n    int pan = src.back();\n    src.pop_back();\n    // \u5c06\u5706\u76d8\u653e\u5165 tar \u9876\u90e8\n    tar.push_back(pan);\n}\n\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u6c49\u8bfa\u5854\u95ee\u9898 f(i) */\nvoid dfs(int i, vector<int> &src, vector<int> &buf, vector<int> &tar) {\n    // \u82e5 src \u53ea\u5269\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u5c06\u5176\u79fb\u5230 tar\n    if (i == 1) {\n        move(src, tar);\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(i-1) \uff1a\u5c06 src \u9876\u90e8 i-1 \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u501f\u52a9 tar \u79fb\u5230 buf\n    dfs(i - 1, src, tar, buf);\n    // \u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(1) \uff1a\u5c06 src \u5269\u4f59\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u79fb\u5230 tar\n    move(src, tar);\n    // \u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(i-1) \uff1a\u5c06 buf \u9876\u90e8 i-1 \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u501f\u52a9 src \u79fb\u5230 tar\n    dfs(i - 1, buf, src, tar);\n}\n\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u6c49\u8bfa\u5854\u95ee\u9898 */\nvoid solveHanota(vector<int> &A, vector<int> &B, vector<int> &C) {\n    int n = A.size();\n    // \u5c06 A \u9876\u90e8 n \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u501f\u52a9 B \u79fb\u5230 C\n    dfs(n, A, B, C);\n}\n
    hanota.java
    /* \u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8 */\nvoid move(List<Integer> src, List<Integer> tar) {\n    // \u4ece src \u9876\u90e8\u62ff\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\n    Integer pan = src.remove(src.size() - 1);\n    // \u5c06\u5706\u76d8\u653e\u5165 tar \u9876\u90e8\n    tar.add(pan);\n}\n\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u6c49\u8bfa\u5854\u95ee\u9898 f(i) */\nvoid dfs(int i, List<Integer> src, List<Integer> buf, List<Integer> tar) {\n    // \u82e5 src \u53ea\u5269\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u5c06\u5176\u79fb\u5230 tar\n    if (i == 1) {\n        move(src, tar);\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(i-1) \uff1a\u5c06 src \u9876\u90e8 i-1 \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u501f\u52a9 tar \u79fb\u5230 buf\n    dfs(i - 1, src, tar, buf);\n    // \u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(1) \uff1a\u5c06 src \u5269\u4f59\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u79fb\u5230 tar\n    move(src, tar);\n    // \u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(i-1) \uff1a\u5c06 buf \u9876\u90e8 i-1 \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u501f\u52a9 src \u79fb\u5230 tar\n    dfs(i - 1, buf, src, tar);\n}\n\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u6c49\u8bfa\u5854\u95ee\u9898 */\nvoid solveHanota(List<Integer> A, List<Integer> B, List<Integer> C) {\n    int n = A.size();\n    // \u5c06 A \u9876\u90e8 n \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u501f\u52a9 B \u79fb\u5230 C\n    dfs(n, A, B, C);\n}\n
    hanota.cs
    /* \u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8 */\nvoid Move(List<int> src, List<int> tar) {\n    // \u4ece src \u9876\u90e8\u62ff\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\n    int pan = src[^1];\n    src.RemoveAt(src.Count - 1);\n    // \u5c06\u5706\u76d8\u653e\u5165 tar \u9876\u90e8\n    tar.Add(pan);\n}\n\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u6c49\u8bfa\u5854\u95ee\u9898 f(i) */\nvoid DFS(int i, List<int> src, List<int> buf, List<int> tar) {\n    // \u82e5 src \u53ea\u5269\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u5c06\u5176\u79fb\u5230 tar\n    if (i == 1) {\n        Move(src, tar);\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(i-1) \uff1a\u5c06 src \u9876\u90e8 i-1 \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u501f\u52a9 tar \u79fb\u5230 buf\n    DFS(i - 1, src, tar, buf);\n    // \u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(1) \uff1a\u5c06 src \u5269\u4f59\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u79fb\u5230 tar\n    Move(src, tar);\n    // \u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(i-1) \uff1a\u5c06 buf \u9876\u90e8 i-1 \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u501f\u52a9 src \u79fb\u5230 tar\n    DFS(i - 1, buf, src, tar);\n}\n\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u6c49\u8bfa\u5854\u95ee\u9898 */\nvoid SolveHanota(List<int> A, List<int> B, List<int> C) {\n    int n = A.Count;\n    // \u5c06 A \u9876\u90e8 n \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u501f\u52a9 B \u79fb\u5230 C\n    DFS(n, A, B, C);\n}\n
    hanota.go
    /* \u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8 */\nfunc move(src, tar *list.List) {\n    // \u4ece src \u9876\u90e8\u62ff\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\n    pan := src.Back()\n    // \u5c06\u5706\u76d8\u653e\u5165 tar \u9876\u90e8\n    tar.PushBack(pan.Value)\n    // \u79fb\u9664 src \u9876\u90e8\u5706\u76d8\n    src.Remove(pan)\n}\n\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u6c49\u8bfa\u5854\u95ee\u9898 f(i) */\nfunc dfsHanota(i int, src, buf, tar *list.List) {\n    // \u82e5 src \u53ea\u5269\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u5c06\u5176\u79fb\u5230 tar\n    if i == 1 {\n        move(src, tar)\n        return\n    }\n    // \u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(i-1) \uff1a\u5c06 src \u9876\u90e8 i-1 \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u501f\u52a9 tar \u79fb\u5230 buf\n    dfsHanota(i-1, src, tar, buf)\n    // \u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(1) \uff1a\u5c06 src \u5269\u4f59\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u79fb\u5230 tar\n    move(src, tar)\n    // \u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(i-1) \uff1a\u5c06 buf \u9876\u90e8 i-1 \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u501f\u52a9 src \u79fb\u5230 tar\n    dfsHanota(i-1, buf, src, tar)\n}\n\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u6c49\u8bfa\u5854\u95ee\u9898 */\nfunc solveHanota(A, B, C *list.List) {\n    n := A.Len()\n    // \u5c06 A \u9876\u90e8 n \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u501f\u52a9 B \u79fb\u5230 C\n    dfsHanota(n, A, B, C)\n}\n
    hanota.swift
    /* \u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8 */\nfunc move(src: inout [Int], tar: inout [Int]) {\n    // \u4ece src \u9876\u90e8\u62ff\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\n    let pan = src.popLast()!\n    // \u5c06\u5706\u76d8\u653e\u5165 tar \u9876\u90e8\n    tar.append(pan)\n}\n\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u6c49\u8bfa\u5854\u95ee\u9898 f(i) */\nfunc dfs(i: Int, src: inout [Int], buf: inout [Int], tar: inout [Int]) {\n    // \u82e5 src \u53ea\u5269\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u5c06\u5176\u79fb\u5230 tar\n    if i == 1 {\n        move(src: &src, tar: &tar)\n        return\n    }\n    // \u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(i-1) \uff1a\u5c06 src \u9876\u90e8 i-1 \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u501f\u52a9 tar \u79fb\u5230 buf\n    dfs(i: i - 1, src: &src, buf: &tar, tar: &buf)\n    // \u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(1) \uff1a\u5c06 src \u5269\u4f59\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u79fb\u5230 tar\n    move(src: &src, tar: &tar)\n    // \u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(i-1) \uff1a\u5c06 buf \u9876\u90e8 i-1 \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u501f\u52a9 src \u79fb\u5230 tar\n    dfs(i: i - 1, src: &buf, buf: &src, tar: &tar)\n}\n\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u6c49\u8bfa\u5854\u95ee\u9898 */\nfunc solveHanota(A: inout [Int], B: inout [Int], C: inout [Int]) {\n    let n = A.count\n    // \u5217\u8868\u5c3e\u90e8\u662f\u67f1\u5b50\u9876\u90e8\n    // \u5c06 src \u9876\u90e8 n \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u501f\u52a9 B \u79fb\u5230 C\n    dfs(i: n, src: &A, buf: &B, tar: &C)\n}\n
    hanota.js
    /* \u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8 */\nfunction move(src, tar) {\n    // \u4ece src \u9876\u90e8\u62ff\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\n    const pan = src.pop();\n    // \u5c06\u5706\u76d8\u653e\u5165 tar \u9876\u90e8\n    tar.push(pan);\n}\n\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u6c49\u8bfa\u5854\u95ee\u9898 f(i) */\nfunction dfs(i, src, buf, tar) {\n    // \u82e5 src \u53ea\u5269\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u5c06\u5176\u79fb\u5230 tar\n    if (i === 1) {\n        move(src, tar);\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(i-1) \uff1a\u5c06 src \u9876\u90e8 i-1 \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u501f\u52a9 tar \u79fb\u5230 buf\n    dfs(i - 1, src, tar, buf);\n    // \u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(1) \uff1a\u5c06 src \u5269\u4f59\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u79fb\u5230 tar\n    move(src, tar);\n    // \u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(i-1) \uff1a\u5c06 buf \u9876\u90e8 i-1 \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u501f\u52a9 src \u79fb\u5230 tar\n    dfs(i - 1, buf, src, tar);\n}\n\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u6c49\u8bfa\u5854\u95ee\u9898 */\nfunction solveHanota(A, B, C) {\n    const n = A.length;\n    // \u5c06 A \u9876\u90e8 n \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u501f\u52a9 B \u79fb\u5230 C\n    dfs(n, A, B, C);\n}\n
    hanota.ts
    /* \u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8 */\nfunction move(src: number[], tar: number[]): void {\n    // \u4ece src \u9876\u90e8\u62ff\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\n    const pan = src.pop();\n    // \u5c06\u5706\u76d8\u653e\u5165 tar \u9876\u90e8\n    tar.push(pan);\n}\n\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u6c49\u8bfa\u5854\u95ee\u9898 f(i) */\nfunction dfs(i: number, src: number[], buf: number[], tar: number[]): void {\n    // \u82e5 src \u53ea\u5269\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u5c06\u5176\u79fb\u5230 tar\n    if (i === 1) {\n        move(src, tar);\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(i-1) \uff1a\u5c06 src \u9876\u90e8 i-1 \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u501f\u52a9 tar \u79fb\u5230 buf\n    dfs(i - 1, src, tar, buf);\n    // \u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(1) \uff1a\u5c06 src \u5269\u4f59\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u79fb\u5230 tar\n    move(src, tar);\n    // \u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(i-1) \uff1a\u5c06 buf \u9876\u90e8 i-1 \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u501f\u52a9 src \u79fb\u5230 tar\n    dfs(i - 1, buf, src, tar);\n}\n\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u6c49\u8bfa\u5854\u95ee\u9898 */\nfunction solveHanota(A: number[], B: number[], C: number[]): void {\n    const n = A.length;\n    // \u5c06 A \u9876\u90e8 n \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u501f\u52a9 B \u79fb\u5230 C\n    dfs(n, A, B, C);\n}\n
    hanota.dart
    /* \u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8 */\nvoid move(List<int> src, List<int> tar) {\n  // \u4ece src \u9876\u90e8\u62ff\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\n  int pan = src.removeLast();\n  // \u5c06\u5706\u76d8\u653e\u5165 tar \u9876\u90e8\n  tar.add(pan);\n}\n\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u6c49\u8bfa\u5854\u95ee\u9898 f(i) */\nvoid dfs(int i, List<int> src, List<int> buf, List<int> tar) {\n  // \u82e5 src \u53ea\u5269\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u5c06\u5176\u79fb\u5230 tar\n  if (i == 1) {\n    move(src, tar);\n    return;\n  }\n  // \u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(i-1) \uff1a\u5c06 src \u9876\u90e8 i-1 \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u501f\u52a9 tar \u79fb\u5230 buf\n  dfs(i - 1, src, tar, buf);\n  // \u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(1) \uff1a\u5c06 src \u5269\u4f59\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u79fb\u5230 tar\n  move(src, tar);\n  // \u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(i-1) \uff1a\u5c06 buf \u9876\u90e8 i-1 \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u501f\u52a9 src \u79fb\u5230 tar\n  dfs(i - 1, buf, src, tar);\n}\n\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u6c49\u8bfa\u5854\u95ee\u9898 */\nvoid solveHanota(List<int> A, List<int> B, List<int> C) {\n  int n = A.length;\n  // \u5c06 A \u9876\u90e8 n \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u501f\u52a9 B \u79fb\u5230 C\n  dfs(n, A, B, C);\n}\n
    hanota.rs
    /* \u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8 */\nfn move_pan(src: &mut Vec<i32>, tar: &mut Vec<i32>) {\n    // \u4ece src \u9876\u90e8\u62ff\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\n    let pan = src.remove(src.len() - 1);\n    // \u5c06\u5706\u76d8\u653e\u5165 tar \u9876\u90e8\n    tar.push(pan);\n}\n\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u6c49\u8bfa\u5854\u95ee\u9898 f(i) */\nfn dfs(i: i32, src: &mut Vec<i32>, buf: &mut Vec<i32>, tar: &mut Vec<i32>) {\n    // \u82e5 src \u53ea\u5269\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u5c06\u5176\u79fb\u5230 tar\n    if i == 1 {\n        move_pan(src, tar);\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(i-1) \uff1a\u5c06 src \u9876\u90e8 i-1 \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u501f\u52a9 tar \u79fb\u5230 buf\n    dfs(i - 1, src, tar, buf);\n    // \u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(1) \uff1a\u5c06 src \u5269\u4f59\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u79fb\u5230 tar\n    move_pan(src, tar);\n    // \u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(i-1) \uff1a\u5c06 buf \u9876\u90e8 i-1 \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u501f\u52a9 src \u79fb\u5230 tar\n    dfs(i - 1, buf, src, tar);\n}\n\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u6c49\u8bfa\u5854\u95ee\u9898 */\nfn solve_hanota(A: &mut Vec<i32>, B: &mut Vec<i32>, C: &mut Vec<i32>) {\n    let n = A.len() as i32;\n    // \u5c06 A \u9876\u90e8 n \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u501f\u52a9 B \u79fb\u5230 C\n    dfs(n, A, B, C);\n}\n
    hanota.c
    /* \u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8 */\nvoid move(int *src, int *srcSize, int *tar, int *tarSize) {\n    // \u4ece src \u9876\u90e8\u62ff\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\n    int pan = src[*srcSize - 1];\n    src[*srcSize - 1] = 0;\n    (*srcSize)--;\n    // \u5c06\u5706\u76d8\u653e\u5165 tar \u9876\u90e8\n    tar[*tarSize] = pan;\n    (*tarSize)++;\n}\n\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u6c49\u8bfa\u5854\u95ee\u9898 f(i) */\nvoid dfs(int i, int *src, int *srcSize, int *buf, int *bufSize, int *tar, int *tarSize) {\n    // \u82e5 src \u53ea\u5269\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u5c06\u5176\u79fb\u5230 tar\n    if (i == 1) {\n        move(src, srcSize, tar, tarSize);\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(i-1) \uff1a\u5c06 src \u9876\u90e8 i-1 \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u501f\u52a9 tar \u79fb\u5230 buf\n    dfs(i - 1, src, srcSize, tar, tarSize, buf, bufSize);\n    // \u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(1) \uff1a\u5c06 src \u5269\u4f59\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u79fb\u5230 tar\n    move(src, srcSize, tar, tarSize);\n    // \u5b50\u95ee\u9898 f(i-1) \uff1a\u5c06 buf \u9876\u90e8 i-1 \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u501f\u52a9 src \u79fb\u5230 tar\n    dfs(i - 1, buf, bufSize, src, srcSize, tar, tarSize);\n}\n\n/* \u6c42\u89e3\u6c49\u8bfa\u5854\u95ee\u9898 */\nvoid solveHanota(int *A, int *ASize, int *B, int *BSize, int *C, int *CSize) {\n    // \u5c06 A \u9876\u90e8 n \u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u501f\u52a9 B \u79fb\u5230 C\n    dfs(*ASize, A, ASize, B, BSize, C, CSize);\n}\n
    hanota.zig
    [class]{}-[func]{move}\n\n[class]{}-[func]{dfs}\n\n[class]{}-[func]{solveHanota}\n

    \u5982\u56fe 12-15 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u6c49\u8bfa\u5854\u95ee\u9898\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u68f5\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(n\\) \u7684\u9012\u5f52\u6811\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u4ee3\u8868\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f00\u542f\u7684 dfs() \u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(2^n)\\) \uff0c\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n)\\) \u3002

    \u56fe 12-15 \u00a0 \u6c49\u8bfa\u5854\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u9012\u5f52\u6811

    Quote

    \u6c49\u8bfa\u5854\u95ee\u9898\u6e90\u81ea\u4e00\u4e2a\u53e4\u8001\u7684\u4f20\u8bf4\u3002\u5728\u53e4\u5370\u5ea6\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bfa\u5e99\u91cc\uff0c\u50e7\u4fa3\u4eec\u6709\u4e09\u6839\u9ad8\u5927\u7684\u94bb\u77f3\u67f1\u5b50\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca \\(64\\) \u4e2a\u5927\u5c0f\u4e0d\u4e00\u7684\u91d1\u5706\u76d8\u3002\u50e7\u4fa3\u4eec\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u79fb\u52a8\u5706\u76d8\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u76f8\u4fe1\u5728\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u76d8\u88ab\u6b63\u786e\u653e\u7f6e\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u523b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\u5c31\u4f1a\u7ed3\u675f\u3002

    \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u50e7\u4fa3\u4eec\u6bcf\u79d2\u949f\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u603b\u5171\u9700\u8981\u5927\u7ea6 \\(2^{64} \\approx 1.84\u00d710^{19}\\) \u79d2\uff0c\u5408\u7ea6 \\(5850\\) \u4ebf\u5e74\uff0c\u8fdc\u8fdc\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e86\u73b0\u5728\u5bf9\u5b87\u5b99\u5e74\u9f84\u7684\u4f30\u8ba1\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5018\u82e5\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f20\u8bf4\u662f\u771f\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u62c5\u5fc3\u4e16\u754c\u672b\u65e5\u7684\u5230\u6765\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_divide_and_conquer/summary/","title":"12.5 \u00a0 \u5c0f\u7ed3","text":"
    • \u5206\u6cbb\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5206\uff08\u5212\u5206\uff09\u548c\u6cbb\uff08\u5408\u5e76\uff09\u4e24\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u57fa\u4e8e\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002
    • \u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u662f\u5206\u6cbb\u7b97\u6cd5\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4f9d\u636e\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u95ee\u9898\u80fd\u5426\u5206\u89e3\u3001\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u5426\u72ec\u7acb\u3001\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u80fd\u5426\u5408\u5e76\u3002
    • \u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f\u662f\u5206\u6cbb\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u5178\u578b\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u5176\u9012\u5f52\u5730\u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u7b49\u957f\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u53ea\u5269\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u65f6\u5f00\u59cb\u9010\u5c42\u5408\u5e76\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5b8c\u6210\u6392\u5e8f\u3002
    • \u5f15\u5165\u5206\u6cbb\u7b56\u7565\u5f80\u5f80\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u5347\u7b97\u6cd5\u6548\u7387\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5206\u6cbb\u7b56\u7565\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u91cf\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5206\u6cbb\u540e\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5e76\u884c\u4f18\u5316\u3002
    • \u5206\u6cbb\u65e2\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u51b3\u8bb8\u591a\u7b97\u6cd5\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e5f\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u7b97\u6cd5\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e2d\uff0c\u5904\u5904\u53ef\u89c1\u5176\u8eab\u5f71\u3002
    • \u76f8\u8f83\u4e8e\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22\uff0c\u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u641c\u7d22\u6548\u7387\u66f4\u9ad8\u3002\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(\\log n)\\) \u7684\u641c\u7d22\u7b97\u6cd5\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u5206\u6cbb\u7b56\u7565\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u3002
    • \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u662f\u5206\u6cbb\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5178\u578b\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u5c06\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u8fdb\u884c\u5408\u5e76\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u9012\u5f52\u5206\u6cbb\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u3002
    • \u5728\u6784\u5efa\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4e2d\uff0c\u6784\u5efa\u6811\uff08\u539f\u95ee\u9898\uff09\u53ef\u4ee5\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u6784\u5efa\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\uff08\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5212\u5206\u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u548c\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u533a\u95f4\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002
    • \u5728\u6c49\u8bfa\u5854\u95ee\u9898\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u89c4\u6a21\u4e3a \\(n\\) \u7684\u95ee\u9898\u53ef\u4ee5\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u89c4\u6a21\u4e3a \\(n-1\\) \u7684\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u89c4\u6a21\u4e3a \\(1\\) \u7684\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u6309\u987a\u5e8f\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u540e\uff0c\u539f\u95ee\u9898\u968f\u4e4b\u5f97\u5230\u89e3\u51b3\u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/","title":"\u7b2c 14 \u7ae0 \u00a0 \u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212","text":"

    Abstract

    \u5c0f\u6eaa\u6c47\u5165\u6cb3\u6d41\uff0c\u6c5f\u6cb3\u6c47\u5165\u5927\u6d77\u3002

    \u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u5c06\u5c0f\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u6c47\u96c6\u6210\u5927\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u7b54\u6848\uff0c\u4e00\u6b65\u6b65\u5f15\u9886\u6211\u4eec\u8d70\u5411\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5f7c\u5cb8\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/#_1","title":"\u672c\u7ae0\u5185\u5bb9","text":"
    • 14.1 \u00a0 \u521d\u63a2\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212
    • 14.2 \u00a0 DP \u95ee\u9898\u7279\u6027
    • 14.3 \u00a0 DP \u89e3\u9898\u601d\u8def
    • 14.4 \u00a0 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898
    • 14.5 \u00a0 \u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898
    • 14.6 \u00a0 \u7f16\u8f91\u8ddd\u79bb\u95ee\u9898
    • 14.7 \u00a0 \u5c0f\u7ed3
    "},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/dp_problem_features/","title":"14.2 \u00a0 \u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u95ee\u9898\u7279\u6027","text":"

    \u5728\u4e0a\u4e00\u8282\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5b66\u4e60\u4e86\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u8fc7\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u5206\u89e3\u6765\u6c42\u89e3\u539f\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u5206\u89e3\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u901a\u7528\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u601d\u8def\uff0c\u5728\u5206\u6cbb\u3001\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u3001\u56de\u6eaf\u4e2d\u7684\u4fa7\u91cd\u70b9\u4e0d\u540c\u3002

    • \u5206\u6cbb\u7b97\u6cd5\u9012\u5f52\u5730\u5c06\u539f\u95ee\u9898\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u591a\u4e2a\u76f8\u4e92\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u56de\u6eaf\u4e2d\u5408\u5e76\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u5f97\u5230\u539f\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u3002
    • \u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u4e5f\u5bf9\u95ee\u9898\u8fdb\u884c\u9012\u5f52\u5206\u89e3\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0e\u5206\u6cbb\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u533a\u522b\u662f\uff0c\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u4e2d\u7684\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u76f8\u4e92\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u5206\u89e3\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u8bb8\u591a\u91cd\u53e0\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u3002
    • \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\u5728\u5c1d\u8bd5\u548c\u56de\u9000\u4e2d\u7a77\u4e3e\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u89e3\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u526a\u679d\u907f\u514d\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u641c\u7d22\u5206\u652f\u3002\u539f\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u7531\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u51b3\u7b56\u6b65\u9aa4\u6784\u6210\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u6bcf\u4e2a\u51b3\u7b56\u6b65\u9aa4\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u5b50\u5e8f\u5217\u770b\u4f5c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u3002

    \u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u5e38\u7528\u6765\u6c42\u89e3\u6700\u4f18\u5316\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5305\u542b\u91cd\u53e0\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8fd8\u5177\u6709\u53e6\u5916\u4e24\u5927\u7279\u6027\uff1a\u6700\u4f18\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u65e0\u540e\u6548\u6027\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/dp_problem_features/#1421","title":"14.2.1 \u00a0 \u6700\u4f18\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784","text":"

    \u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u722c\u697c\u68af\u95ee\u9898\u7a0d\u4f5c\u6539\u52a8\uff0c\u4f7f\u4e4b\u66f4\u52a0\u9002\u5408\u5c55\u793a\u6700\u4f18\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u6982\u5ff5\u3002

    \u722c\u697c\u68af\u6700\u5c0f\u4ee3\u4ef7

    \u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u697c\u68af\uff0c\u4f60\u6bcf\u6b65\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0a \\(1\\) \u9636\u6216\u8005 \\(2\\) \u9636\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u9636\u697c\u68af\u4e0a\u90fd\u8d34\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u8d1f\u6574\u6570\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u4f60\u5728\u8be5\u53f0\u9636\u6240\u9700\u8981\u4ed8\u51fa\u7684\u4ee3\u4ef7\u3002\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u8d1f\u6574\u6570\u6570\u7ec4 \\(cost\\) \uff0c\u5176\u4e2d \\(cost[i]\\) \u8868\u793a\u5728\u7b2c \\(i\\) \u4e2a\u53f0\u9636\u9700\u8981\u4ed8\u51fa\u7684\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff0c\\(cost[0]\\) \u4e3a\u5730\u9762\uff08\u8d77\u59cb\u70b9\uff09\u3002\u8bf7\u8ba1\u7b97\u6700\u5c11\u9700\u8981\u4ed8\u51fa\u591a\u5c11\u4ee3\u4ef7\u624d\u80fd\u5230\u8fbe\u9876\u90e8\uff1f

    \u5982\u56fe 14-6 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u82e5\u7b2c \\(1\\)\u3001\\(2\\)\u3001\\(3\\) \u9636\u7684\u4ee3\u4ef7\u5206\u522b\u4e3a \\(1\\)\u3001\\(10\\)\u3001\\(1\\) \uff0c\u5219\u4ece\u5730\u9762\u722c\u5230\u7b2c \\(3\\) \u9636\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u4ee3\u4ef7\u4e3a \\(2\\) \u3002

    \u56fe 14-6 \u00a0 \u722c\u5230\u7b2c 3 \u9636\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u4ee3\u4ef7

    \u8bbe \\(dp[i]\\) \u4e3a\u722c\u5230\u7b2c \\(i\\) \u9636\u7d2f\u8ba1\u4ed8\u51fa\u7684\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u7b2c \\(i\\) \u9636\u53ea\u53ef\u80fd\u4ece \\(i - 1\\) \u9636\u6216 \\(i - 2\\) \u9636\u8d70\u6765\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64 \\(dp[i]\\) \u53ea\u53ef\u80fd\u7b49\u4e8e \\(dp[i - 1] + cost[i]\\) \u6216 \\(dp[i - 2] + cost[i]\\) \u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u51cf\u5c11\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u9009\u62e9\u4e24\u8005\u4e2d\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u4e2a\uff1a

    \\[ dp[i] = \\min(dp[i-1], dp[i-2]) + cost[i] \\]

    \u8fd9\u4fbf\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f15\u51fa\u6700\u4f18\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u542b\u4e49\uff1a\u539f\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u662f\u4ece\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u6784\u5efa\u5f97\u6765\u7684\u3002

    \u672c\u9898\u663e\u7136\u5177\u6709\u6700\u4f18\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u4ece\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u6700\u4f18\u89e3 \\(dp[i-1]\\) \u548c \\(dp[i-2]\\) \u4e2d\u6311\u9009\u51fa\u8f83\u4f18\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u4e2a\uff0c\u5e76\u7528\u5b83\u6784\u5efa\u51fa\u539f\u95ee\u9898 \\(dp[i]\\) \u7684\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u3002

    \u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u4e0a\u4e00\u8282\u7684\u722c\u697c\u68af\u9898\u76ee\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u6700\u4f18\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u5462\uff1f\u5b83\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u6c42\u89e3\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u770b\u4f3c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8ba1\u6570\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u6362\u4e00\u79cd\u95ee\u6cd5\uff1a\u201c\u6c42\u89e3\u6700\u5927\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u91cf\u201d\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u610f\u5916\u5730\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u9898\u76ee\u4fee\u6539\u524d\u540e\u662f\u7b49\u4ef7\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u6700\u4f18\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u6d6e\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\u4e86\uff1a\u7b2c \\(n\\) \u9636\u6700\u5927\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u91cf\u7b49\u4e8e\u7b2c \\(n-1\\) \u9636\u548c\u7b2c \\(n-2\\) \u9636\u6700\u5927\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u91cf\u4e4b\u548c\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff0c\u6700\u4f18\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u65b9\u5f0f\u6bd4\u8f83\u7075\u6d3b\uff0c\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u95ee\u9898\u4e2d\u4f1a\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u3002

    \u6839\u636e\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u65b9\u7a0b\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001 \\(dp[1] = cost[1]\\) \u548c \\(dp[2] = cost[2]\\) \uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig min_cost_climbing_stairs_dp.py
    def min_cost_climbing_stairs_dp(cost: list[int]) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u722c\u697c\u68af\u6700\u5c0f\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\"\"\"\n    n = len(cost) - 1\n    if n == 1 or n == 2:\n        return cost[n]\n    # \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n    dp = [0] * (n + 1)\n    # \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u9884\u8bbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n    dp[1], dp[2] = cost[1], cost[2]\n    # \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\n    for i in range(3, n + 1):\n        dp[i] = min(dp[i - 1], dp[i - 2]) + cost[i]\n    return dp[n]\n
    min_cost_climbing_stairs_dp.cpp
    /* \u722c\u697c\u68af\u6700\u5c0f\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint minCostClimbingStairsDP(vector<int> &cost) {\n    int n = cost.size() - 1;\n    if (n == 1 || n == 2)\n        return cost[n];\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n    vector<int> dp(n + 1);\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u9884\u8bbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n    dp[1] = cost[1];\n    dp[2] = cost[2];\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\n    for (int i = 3; i <= n; i++) {\n        dp[i] = min(dp[i - 1], dp[i - 2]) + cost[i];\n    }\n    return dp[n];\n}\n
    min_cost_climbing_stairs_dp.java
    /* \u722c\u697c\u68af\u6700\u5c0f\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint minCostClimbingStairsDP(int[] cost) {\n    int n = cost.length - 1;\n    if (n == 1 || n == 2)\n        return cost[n];\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n    int[] dp = new int[n + 1];\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u9884\u8bbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n    dp[1] = cost[1];\n    dp[2] = cost[2];\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\n    for (int i = 3; i <= n; i++) {\n        dp[i] = Math.min(dp[i - 1], dp[i - 2]) + cost[i];\n    }\n    return dp[n];\n}\n
    min_cost_climbing_stairs_dp.cs
    /* \u722c\u697c\u68af\u6700\u5c0f\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint MinCostClimbingStairsDP(int[] cost) {\n    int n = cost.Length - 1;\n    if (n == 1 || n == 2)\n        return cost[n];\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n    int[] dp = new int[n + 1];\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u9884\u8bbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n    dp[1] = cost[1];\n    dp[2] = cost[2];\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\n    for (int i = 3; i <= n; i++) {\n        dp[i] = Math.Min(dp[i - 1], dp[i - 2]) + cost[i];\n    }\n    return dp[n];\n}\n
    min_cost_climbing_stairs_dp.go
    /* \u722c\u697c\u68af\u6700\u5c0f\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunc minCostClimbingStairsDP(cost []int) int {\n    n := len(cost) - 1\n    if n == 1 || n == 2 {\n        return cost[n]\n    }\n    min := func(a, b int) int {\n        if a < b {\n            return a\n        }\n        return b\n    }\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n    dp := make([]int, n+1)\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u9884\u8bbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n    dp[1] = cost[1]\n    dp[2] = cost[2]\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\n    for i := 3; i <= n; i++ {\n        dp[i] = min(dp[i-1], dp[i-2]) + cost[i]\n    }\n    return dp[n]\n}\n
    min_cost_climbing_stairs_dp.swift
    /* \u722c\u697c\u68af\u6700\u5c0f\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunc minCostClimbingStairsDP(cost: [Int]) -> Int {\n    let n = cost.count - 1\n    if n == 1 || n == 2 {\n        return cost[n]\n    }\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n    var dp = Array(repeating: 0, count: n + 1)\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u9884\u8bbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n    dp[1] = cost[1]\n    dp[2] = cost[2]\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\n    for i in stride(from: 3, through: n, by: 1) {\n        dp[i] = min(dp[i - 1], dp[i - 2]) + cost[i]\n    }\n    return dp[n]\n}\n
    min_cost_climbing_stairs_dp.js
    /* \u722c\u697c\u68af\u6700\u5c0f\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunction minCostClimbingStairsDP(cost) {\n    const n = cost.length - 1;\n    if (n === 1 || n === 2) {\n        return cost[n];\n    }\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n    const dp = new Array(n + 1);\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u9884\u8bbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n    dp[1] = cost[1];\n    dp[2] = cost[2];\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\n    for (let i = 3; i <= n; i++) {\n        dp[i] = Math.min(dp[i - 1], dp[i - 2]) + cost[i];\n    }\n    return dp[n];\n}\n
    min_cost_climbing_stairs_dp.ts
    /* \u722c\u697c\u68af\u6700\u5c0f\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunction minCostClimbingStairsDP(cost: Array<number>): number {\n    const n = cost.length - 1;\n    if (n === 1 || n === 2) {\n        return cost[n];\n    }\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n    const dp = new Array(n + 1);\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u9884\u8bbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n    dp[1] = cost[1];\n    dp[2] = cost[2];\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\n    for (let i = 3; i <= n; i++) {\n        dp[i] = Math.min(dp[i - 1], dp[i - 2]) + cost[i];\n    }\n    return dp[n];\n}\n
    min_cost_climbing_stairs_dp.dart
    /* \u722c\u697c\u68af\u6700\u5c0f\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint minCostClimbingStairsDP(List<int> cost) {\n  int n = cost.length - 1;\n  if (n == 1 || n == 2) return cost[n];\n  // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n  List<int> dp = List.filled(n + 1, 0);\n  // \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u9884\u8bbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n  dp[1] = cost[1];\n  dp[2] = cost[2];\n  // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\n  for (int i = 3; i <= n; i++) {\n    dp[i] = min(dp[i - 1], dp[i - 2]) + cost[i];\n  }\n  return dp[n];\n}\n
    min_cost_climbing_stairs_dp.rs
    /* \u722c\u697c\u68af\u6700\u5c0f\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfn min_cost_climbing_stairs_dp(cost: &[i32]) -> i32 {\n    let n = cost.len() - 1;\n    if n == 1 || n == 2 { return cost[n]; }\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n    let mut dp = vec![-1; n + 1];\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u9884\u8bbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n    dp[1] = cost[1];\n    dp[2] = cost[2];\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\n    for i in 3..=n {\n        dp[i] = cmp::min(dp[i - 1], dp[i - 2]) + cost[i];\n    }\n    dp[n]\n}\n
    min_cost_climbing_stairs_dp.c
    /* \u722c\u697c\u68af\u6700\u5c0f\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint minCostClimbingStairsDP(int cost[], int costSize) {\n    int n = costSize - 1;\n    if (n == 1 || n == 2)\n        return cost[n];\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n    int *dp = calloc(n + 1, sizeof(int));\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u9884\u8bbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n    dp[1] = cost[1];\n    dp[2] = cost[2];\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\n    for (int i = 3; i <= n; i++) {\n        dp[i] = myMin(dp[i - 1], dp[i - 2]) + cost[i];\n    }\n    int res = dp[n];\n    // \u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\n    free(dp);\n    return res;\n}\n
    min_cost_climbing_stairs_dp.zig
    // \u722c\u697c\u68af\u6700\u5c0f\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\nfn minCostClimbingStairsDP(comptime cost: []i32) i32 {\n    comptime var n = cost.len - 1;\n    if (n == 1 or n == 2) {\n        return cost[n];\n    }\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n    var dp = [_]i32{-1} ** (n + 1);\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u9884\u8bbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n    dp[1] = cost[1];\n    dp[2] = cost[2];\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\n    for (3..n + 1) |i| {\n        dp[i] = @min(dp[i - 1], dp[i - 2]) + cost[i];\n    }\n    return dp[n];\n}\n

    \u56fe 14-7 \u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002

    \u56fe 14-7 \u00a0 \u722c\u697c\u68af\u6700\u5c0f\u4ee3\u4ef7\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u8fc7\u7a0b

    \u672c\u9898\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\uff0c\u5c06\u4e00\u7ef4\u538b\u7f29\u81f3\u96f6\u7ef4\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4ece \\(O(n)\\) \u964d\u81f3 \\(O(1)\\) \uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig min_cost_climbing_stairs_dp.py
    def min_cost_climbing_stairs_dp_comp(cost: list[int]) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u722c\u697c\u68af\u6700\u5c0f\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\"\"\"\n    n = len(cost) - 1\n    if n == 1 or n == 2:\n        return cost[n]\n    a, b = cost[1], cost[2]\n    for i in range(3, n + 1):\n        a, b = b, min(a, b) + cost[i]\n    return b\n
    min_cost_climbing_stairs_dp.cpp
    /* \u722c\u697c\u68af\u6700\u5c0f\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint minCostClimbingStairsDPComp(vector<int> &cost) {\n    int n = cost.size() - 1;\n    if (n == 1 || n == 2)\n        return cost[n];\n    int a = cost[1], b = cost[2];\n    for (int i = 3; i <= n; i++) {\n        int tmp = b;\n        b = min(a, tmp) + cost[i];\n        a = tmp;\n    }\n    return b;\n}\n
    min_cost_climbing_stairs_dp.java
    /* \u722c\u697c\u68af\u6700\u5c0f\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint minCostClimbingStairsDPComp(int[] cost) {\n    int n = cost.length - 1;\n    if (n == 1 || n == 2)\n        return cost[n];\n    int a = cost[1], b = cost[2];\n    for (int i = 3; i <= n; i++) {\n        int tmp = b;\n        b = Math.min(a, tmp) + cost[i];\n        a = tmp;\n    }\n    return b;\n}\n
    min_cost_climbing_stairs_dp.cs
    /* \u722c\u697c\u68af\u6700\u5c0f\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint MinCostClimbingStairsDPComp(int[] cost) {\n    int n = cost.Length - 1;\n    if (n == 1 || n == 2)\n        return cost[n];\n    int a = cost[1], b = cost[2];\n    for (int i = 3; i <= n; i++) {\n        int tmp = b;\n        b = Math.Min(a, tmp) + cost[i];\n        a = tmp;\n    }\n    return b;\n}\n
    min_cost_climbing_stairs_dp.go
    /* \u722c\u697c\u68af\u6700\u5c0f\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunc minCostClimbingStairsDPComp(cost []int) int {\n    n := len(cost) - 1\n    if n == 1 || n == 2 {\n        return cost[n]\n    }\n    min := func(a, b int) int {\n        if a < b {\n            return a\n        }\n        return b\n    }\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u9884\u8bbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n    a, b := cost[1], cost[2]\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\n    for i := 3; i <= n; i++ {\n        tmp := b\n        b = min(a, tmp) + cost[i]\n        a = tmp\n    }\n    return b\n}\n
    min_cost_climbing_stairs_dp.swift
    /* \u722c\u697c\u68af\u6700\u5c0f\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunc minCostClimbingStairsDPComp(cost: [Int]) -> Int {\n    let n = cost.count - 1\n    if n == 1 || n == 2 {\n        return cost[n]\n    }\n    var (a, b) = (cost[1], cost[2])\n    for i in stride(from: 3, through: n, by: 1) {\n        (a, b) = (b, min(a, b) + cost[i])\n    }\n    return b\n}\n
    min_cost_climbing_stairs_dp.js
    /* \u722c\u697c\u68af\u6700\u5c0f\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunction minCostClimbingStairsDPComp(cost) {\n    const n = cost.length - 1;\n    if (n === 1 || n === 2) {\n        return cost[n];\n    }\n    let a = cost[1],\n        b = cost[2];\n    for (let i = 3; i <= n; i++) {\n        const tmp = b;\n        b = Math.min(a, tmp) + cost[i];\n        a = tmp;\n    }\n    return b;\n}\n
    min_cost_climbing_stairs_dp.ts
    /* \u722c\u697c\u68af\u6700\u5c0f\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunction minCostClimbingStairsDPComp(cost: Array<number>): number {\n    const n = cost.length - 1;\n    if (n === 1 || n === 2) {\n        return cost[n];\n    }\n    let a = cost[1],\n        b = cost[2];\n    for (let i = 3; i <= n; i++) {\n        const tmp = b;\n        b = Math.min(a, tmp) + cost[i];\n        a = tmp;\n    }\n    return b;\n}\n
    min_cost_climbing_stairs_dp.dart
    /* \u722c\u697c\u68af\u6700\u5c0f\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint minCostClimbingStairsDPComp(List<int> cost) {\n  int n = cost.length - 1;\n  if (n == 1 || n == 2) return cost[n];\n  int a = cost[1], b = cost[2];\n  for (int i = 3; i <= n; i++) {\n    int tmp = b;\n    b = min(a, tmp) + cost[i];\n    a = tmp;\n  }\n  return b;\n}\n
    min_cost_climbing_stairs_dp.rs
    /* \u722c\u697c\u68af\u6700\u5c0f\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfn min_cost_climbing_stairs_dp_comp(cost: &[i32]) -> i32 {\n    let n = cost.len() - 1;\n    if n == 1 || n == 2 { return cost[n] };\n    let (mut a, mut b) = (cost[1], cost[2]);\n    for i in 3..=n {\n        let tmp = b;\n        b = cmp::min(a, tmp) + cost[i];\n        a = tmp;\n    }\n    b\n}\n
    min_cost_climbing_stairs_dp.c
    /* \u722c\u697c\u68af\u6700\u5c0f\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint minCostClimbingStairsDPComp(int cost[], int costSize) {\n    int n = costSize - 1;\n    if (n == 1 || n == 2)\n        return cost[n];\n    int a = cost[1], b = cost[2];\n    for (int i = 3; i <= n; i++) {\n        int tmp = b;\n        b = myMin(a, tmp) + cost[i];\n        a = tmp;\n    }\n    return b;\n}\n
    min_cost_climbing_stairs_dp.zig
    // \u722c\u697c\u68af\u6700\u5c0f\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\nfn minCostClimbingStairsDPComp(cost: []i32) i32 {\n    var n = cost.len - 1;\n    if (n == 1 or n == 2) {\n        return cost[n];\n    }\n    var a = cost[1];\n    var b = cost[2];\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\n    for (3..n + 1) |i| {\n        var tmp = b;\n        b = @min(a, tmp) + cost[i];\n        a = tmp;\n    }\n    return b;\n}\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/dp_problem_features/#1422","title":"14.2.2 \u00a0 \u65e0\u540e\u6548\u6027","text":"

    \u65e0\u540e\u6548\u6027\u662f\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u80fd\u591f\u6709\u6548\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7279\u6027\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5176\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\uff1a\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u672a\u6765\u53d1\u5c55\u53ea\u4e0e\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u800c\u4e0e\u8fc7\u53bb\u7ecf\u5386\u7684\u6240\u6709\u72b6\u6001\u65e0\u5173\u3002

    \u4ee5\u722c\u697c\u68af\u95ee\u9898\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u7ed9\u5b9a\u72b6\u6001 \\(i\\) \uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u53d1\u5c55\u51fa\u72b6\u6001 \\(i+1\\) \u548c\u72b6\u6001 \\(i+2\\) \uff0c\u5206\u522b\u5bf9\u5e94\u8df3 \\(1\\) \u6b65\u548c\u8df3 \\(2\\) \u6b65\u3002\u5728\u505a\u51fa\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u9009\u62e9\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u987b\u8003\u8651\u72b6\u6001 \\(i\\) \u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5bf9\u72b6\u6001 \\(i\\) \u7684\u672a\u6765\u6ca1\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\u3002

    \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u7ed9\u722c\u697c\u68af\u95ee\u9898\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ea6\u675f\uff0c\u60c5\u51b5\u5c31\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u4e86\u3002

    \u5e26\u7ea6\u675f\u722c\u697c\u68af

    \u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5171\u6709 \\(n\\) \u9636\u7684\u697c\u68af\uff0c\u4f60\u6bcf\u6b65\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0a \\(1\\) \u9636\u6216\u8005 \\(2\\) \u9636\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u80fd\u8fde\u7eed\u4e24\u8f6e\u8df3 \\(1\\) \u9636\uff0c\u8bf7\u95ee\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u53ef\u4ee5\u722c\u5230\u697c\u9876\uff1f

    \u5982\u56fe 14-8 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u722c\u4e0a\u7b2c \\(3\\) \u9636\u4ec5\u5269 \\(2\\) \u79cd\u53ef\u884c\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u8fde\u7eed\u4e09\u6b21\u8df3 \\(1\\) \u9636\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u4e0d\u6ee1\u8db3\u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u88ab\u820d\u5f03\u3002

    \u56fe 14-8 \u00a0 \u5e26\u7ea6\u675f\u722c\u5230\u7b2c 3 \u9636\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u91cf

    \u5728\u8be5\u95ee\u9898\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0a\u4e00\u8f6e\u662f\u8df3 \\(1\\) \u9636\u4e0a\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u8df3 \\(2\\) \u9636\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\uff0c\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\u9009\u62e9\u4e0d\u80fd\u7531\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5f53\u524d\u6240\u5728\u697c\u68af\u9636\u6570\uff09\u72ec\u7acb\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u8fd8\u548c\u524d\u4e00\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\uff08\u4e0a\u4e00\u8f6e\u6240\u5728\u697c\u68af\u9636\u6570\uff09\u6709\u5173\u3002

    \u4e0d\u96be\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u6b64\u95ee\u9898\u5df2\u4e0d\u6ee1\u8db3\u65e0\u540e\u6548\u6027\uff0c\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u65b9\u7a0b \\(dp[i] = dp[i-1] + dp[i-2]\\) \u4e5f\u5931\u6548\u4e86\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a \\(dp[i-1]\\) \u4ee3\u8868\u672c\u8f6e\u8df3 \\(1\\) \u9636\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u201c\u4e0a\u4e00\u8f6e\u662f\u8df3 \\(1\\) \u9636\u4e0a\u6765\u7684\u201d\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u800c\u4e3a\u4e86\u6ee1\u8db3\u7ea6\u675f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u5c06 \\(dp[i-1]\\) \u76f4\u63a5\u8ba1\u5165 \\(dp[i]\\) \u4e2d\u3002

    \u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u6269\u5c55\u72b6\u6001\u5b9a\u4e49\uff1a\u72b6\u6001 \\([i, j]\\) \u8868\u793a\u5904\u5728\u7b2c \\(i\\) \u9636\u5e76\u4e14\u4e0a\u4e00\u8f6e\u8df3\u4e86 \\(j\\) \u9636\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d \\(j \\in \\{1, 2\\}\\) \u3002\u6b64\u72b6\u6001\u5b9a\u4e49\u6709\u6548\u5730\u533a\u5206\u4e86\u4e0a\u4e00\u8f6e\u8df3\u4e86 \\(1\\) \u9636\u8fd8\u662f \\(2\\) \u9636\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u636e\u6b64\u5224\u65ad\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u662f\u4ece\u4f55\u800c\u6765\u7684\u3002

    • \u5f53\u4e0a\u4e00\u8f6e\u8df3\u4e86 \\(1\\) \u9636\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0a\u4e0a\u4e00\u8f6e\u53ea\u80fd\u9009\u62e9\u8df3 \\(2\\) \u9636\uff0c\u5373 \\(dp[i, 1]\\) \u53ea\u80fd\u4ece \\(dp[i-1, 2]\\) \u8f6c\u79fb\u8fc7\u6765\u3002
    • \u5f53\u4e0a\u4e00\u8f6e\u8df3\u4e86 \\(2\\) \u9636\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0a\u4e0a\u4e00\u8f6e\u53ef\u9009\u62e9\u8df3 \\(1\\) \u9636\u6216\u8df3 \\(2\\) \u9636\uff0c\u5373 \\(dp[i, 2]\\) \u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece \\(dp[i-2, 1]\\) \u6216 \\(dp[i-2, 2]\\) \u8f6c\u79fb\u8fc7\u6765\u3002

    \u5982\u56fe 14-9 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5728\u8be5\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e0b\uff0c\\(dp[i, j]\\) \u8868\u793a\u72b6\u6001 \\([i, j]\\) \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u65b9\u7a0b\u4e3a\uff1a

    \\[ \\begin{cases} dp[i, 1] = dp[i-1, 2] \\\\ dp[i, 2] = dp[i-2, 1] + dp[i-2, 2] \\end{cases} \\]

    \u56fe 14-9 \u00a0 \u8003\u8651\u7ea6\u675f\u4e0b\u7684\u9012\u63a8\u5173\u7cfb

    \u6700\u7ec8\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de \\(dp[n, 1] + dp[n, 2]\\) \u5373\u53ef\uff0c\u4e24\u8005\u4e4b\u548c\u4ee3\u8868\u722c\u5230\u7b2c \\(n\\) \u9636\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u603b\u6570\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig climbing_stairs_constraint_dp.py
    def climbing_stairs_constraint_dp(n: int) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u5e26\u7ea6\u675f\u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\"\"\"\n    if n == 1 or n == 2:\n        return 1\n    # \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n    dp = [[0] * 3 for _ in range(n + 1)]\n    # \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u9884\u8bbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n    dp[1][1], dp[1][2] = 1, 0\n    dp[2][1], dp[2][2] = 0, 1\n    # \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\n    for i in range(3, n + 1):\n        dp[i][1] = dp[i - 1][2]\n        dp[i][2] = dp[i - 2][1] + dp[i - 2][2]\n    return dp[n][1] + dp[n][2]\n
    climbing_stairs_constraint_dp.cpp
    /* \u5e26\u7ea6\u675f\u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint climbingStairsConstraintDP(int n) {\n    if (n == 1 || n == 2) {\n        return 1;\n    }\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n    vector<vector<int>> dp(n + 1, vector<int>(3, 0));\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u9884\u8bbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n    dp[1][1] = 1;\n    dp[1][2] = 0;\n    dp[2][1] = 0;\n    dp[2][2] = 1;\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\n    for (int i = 3; i <= n; i++) {\n        dp[i][1] = dp[i - 1][2];\n        dp[i][2] = dp[i - 2][1] + dp[i - 2][2];\n    }\n    return dp[n][1] + dp[n][2];\n}\n
    climbing_stairs_constraint_dp.java
    /* \u5e26\u7ea6\u675f\u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint climbingStairsConstraintDP(int n) {\n    if (n == 1 || n == 2) {\n        return 1;\n    }\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n    int[][] dp = new int[n + 1][3];\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u9884\u8bbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n    dp[1][1] = 1;\n    dp[1][2] = 0;\n    dp[2][1] = 0;\n    dp[2][2] = 1;\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\n    for (int i = 3; i <= n; i++) {\n        dp[i][1] = dp[i - 1][2];\n        dp[i][2] = dp[i - 2][1] + dp[i - 2][2];\n    }\n    return dp[n][1] + dp[n][2];\n}\n
    climbing_stairs_constraint_dp.cs
    /* \u5e26\u7ea6\u675f\u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint ClimbingStairsConstraintDP(int n) {\n    if (n == 1 || n == 2) {\n        return 1;\n    }\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n    int[,] dp = new int[n + 1, 3];\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u9884\u8bbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n    dp[1, 1] = 1;\n    dp[1, 2] = 0;\n    dp[2, 1] = 0;\n    dp[2, 2] = 1;\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\n    for (int i = 3; i <= n; i++) {\n        dp[i, 1] = dp[i - 1, 2];\n        dp[i, 2] = dp[i - 2, 1] + dp[i - 2, 2];\n    }\n    return dp[n, 1] + dp[n, 2];\n}\n
    climbing_stairs_constraint_dp.go
    /* \u5e26\u7ea6\u675f\u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunc climbingStairsConstraintDP(n int) int {\n    if n == 1 || n == 2 {\n        return 1\n    }\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n    dp := make([][3]int, n+1)\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u9884\u8bbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n    dp[1][1] = 1\n    dp[1][2] = 0\n    dp[2][1] = 0\n    dp[2][2] = 1\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\n    for i := 3; i <= n; i++ {\n        dp[i][1] = dp[i-1][2]\n        dp[i][2] = dp[i-2][1] + dp[i-2][2]\n    }\n    return dp[n][1] + dp[n][2]\n}\n
    climbing_stairs_constraint_dp.swift
    /* \u5e26\u7ea6\u675f\u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunc climbingStairsConstraintDP(n: Int) -> Int {\n    if n == 1 || n == 2 {\n        return 1\n    }\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n    var dp = Array(repeating: Array(repeating: 0, count: 3), count: n + 1)\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u9884\u8bbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n    dp[1][1] = 1\n    dp[1][2] = 0\n    dp[2][1] = 0\n    dp[2][2] = 1\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\n    for i in stride(from: 3, through: n, by: 1) {\n        dp[i][1] = dp[i - 1][2]\n        dp[i][2] = dp[i - 2][1] + dp[i - 2][2]\n    }\n    return dp[n][1] + dp[n][2]\n}\n
    climbing_stairs_constraint_dp.js
    /* \u5e26\u7ea6\u675f\u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunction climbingStairsConstraintDP(n) {\n    if (n === 1 || n === 2) {\n        return 1;\n    }\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n    const dp = Array.from(new Array(n + 1), () => new Array(3));\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u9884\u8bbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n    dp[1][1] = 1;\n    dp[1][2] = 0;\n    dp[2][1] = 0;\n    dp[2][2] = 1;\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\n    for (let i = 3; i <= n; i++) {\n        dp[i][1] = dp[i - 1][2];\n        dp[i][2] = dp[i - 2][1] + dp[i - 2][2];\n    }\n    return dp[n][1] + dp[n][2];\n}\n
    climbing_stairs_constraint_dp.ts
    /* \u5e26\u7ea6\u675f\u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunction climbingStairsConstraintDP(n: number): number {\n    if (n === 1 || n === 2) {\n        return 1;\n    }\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n    const dp = Array.from({ length: n + 1 }, () => new Array(3));\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u9884\u8bbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n    dp[1][1] = 1;\n    dp[1][2] = 0;\n    dp[2][1] = 0;\n    dp[2][2] = 1;\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\n    for (let i = 3; i <= n; i++) {\n        dp[i][1] = dp[i - 1][2];\n        dp[i][2] = dp[i - 2][1] + dp[i - 2][2];\n    }\n    return dp[n][1] + dp[n][2];\n}\n
    climbing_stairs_constraint_dp.dart
    /* \u5e26\u7ea6\u675f\u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint climbingStairsConstraintDP(int n) {\n  if (n == 1 || n == 2) {\n    return 1;\n  }\n  // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n  List<List<int>> dp = List.generate(n + 1, (index) => List.filled(3, 0));\n  // \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u9884\u8bbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n  dp[1][1] = 1;\n  dp[1][2] = 0;\n  dp[2][1] = 0;\n  dp[2][2] = 1;\n  // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\n  for (int i = 3; i <= n; i++) {\n    dp[i][1] = dp[i - 1][2];\n    dp[i][2] = dp[i - 2][1] + dp[i - 2][2];\n  }\n  return dp[n][1] + dp[n][2];\n}\n
    climbing_stairs_constraint_dp.rs
    /* \u5e26\u7ea6\u675f\u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfn climbing_stairs_constraint_dp(n: usize) -> i32 {\n    if n == 1 || n == 2 { return 1 };\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n    let mut dp = vec![vec![-1; 3]; n + 1];\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u9884\u8bbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n    dp[1][1] = 1;\n    dp[1][2] = 0;\n    dp[2][1] = 0;\n    dp[2][2] = 1;\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\n    for i in 3..=n {\n        dp[i][1] = dp[i - 1][2];\n        dp[i][2] = dp[i - 2][1] + dp[i - 2][2];\n    }\n    dp[n][1] + dp[n][2]\n}\n
    climbing_stairs_constraint_dp.c
    /* \u5e26\u7ea6\u675f\u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint climbingStairsConstraintDP(int n) {\n    if (n == 1 || n == 2) {\n        return 1;\n    }\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n    int **dp = malloc((n + 1) * sizeof(int *));\n    for (int i = 0; i <= n; i++) {\n        dp[i] = calloc(3, sizeof(int));\n    }\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u9884\u8bbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n    dp[1][1] = 1;\n    dp[1][2] = 0;\n    dp[2][1] = 0;\n    dp[2][2] = 1;\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\n    for (int i = 3; i <= n; i++) {\n        dp[i][1] = dp[i - 1][2];\n        dp[i][2] = dp[i - 2][1] + dp[i - 2][2];\n    }\n    int res = dp[n][1] + dp[n][2];\n    // \u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\n    for (int i = 0; i <= n; i++) {\n        free(dp[i]);\n    }\n    free(dp);\n    return res;\n}\n
    climbing_stairs_constraint_dp.zig
    // \u5e26\u7ea6\u675f\u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\nfn climbingStairsConstraintDP(comptime n: usize) i32 {\n    if (n == 1 or n == 2) {\n        return 1;\n    }\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n    var dp = [_][3]i32{ [_]i32{ -1, -1, -1 } } ** (n + 1);\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u9884\u8bbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n    dp[1][1] = 1;\n    dp[1][2] = 0;\n    dp[2][1] = 0;\n    dp[2][2] = 1;\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\n    for (3..n + 1) |i| {\n        dp[i][1] = dp[i - 1][2];\n        dp[i][2] = dp[i - 2][1] + dp[i - 2][2];\n    }\n    return dp[n][1] + dp[n][2];\n}\n

    \u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u4ec5\u9700\u591a\u8003\u8651\u524d\u9762\u4e00\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6269\u5c55\u72b6\u6001\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u95ee\u9898\u91cd\u65b0\u6ee1\u8db3\u65e0\u540e\u6548\u6027\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u67d0\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u5177\u6709\u975e\u5e38\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u201c\u6709\u540e\u6548\u6027\u201d\u3002

    \u722c\u697c\u68af\u4e0e\u969c\u788d\u751f\u6210

    \u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5171\u6709 \\(n\\) \u9636\u7684\u697c\u68af\uff0c\u4f60\u6bcf\u6b65\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0a \\(1\\) \u9636\u6216\u8005 \\(2\\) \u9636\u3002\u89c4\u5b9a\u5f53\u722c\u5230\u7b2c \\(i\\) \u9636\u65f6\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u81ea\u52a8\u4f1a\u5728\u7b2c \\(2i\\) \u9636\u4e0a\u653e\u4e0a\u969c\u788d\u7269\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e\u6240\u6709\u8f6e\u90fd\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u8df3\u5230\u7b2c \\(2i\\) \u9636\u4e0a\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u524d\u4e24\u8f6e\u5206\u522b\u8df3\u5230\u4e86\u7b2c \\(2\\)\u3001\\(3\\) \u9636\u4e0a\uff0c\u5219\u4e4b\u540e\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u8df3\u5230\u7b2c \\(4\\)\u3001\\(6\\) \u9636\u4e0a\u3002\u8bf7\u95ee\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u53ef\u4ee5\u722c\u5230\u697c\u9876\uff1f

    \u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0b\u6b21\u8df3\u8dc3\u4f9d\u8d56\u8fc7\u53bb\u6240\u6709\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u8df3\u8dc3\u90fd\u4f1a\u5728\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u9636\u68af\u4e0a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u969c\u788d\uff0c\u5e76\u5f71\u54cd\u672a\u6765\u7684\u8df3\u8dc3\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u7c7b\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u5f80\u5f80\u96be\u4ee5\u89e3\u51b3\u3002

    \u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u4f18\u5316\u95ee\u9898\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u65c5\u884c\u5546\u95ee\u9898\uff09\u4e0d\u6ee1\u8db3\u65e0\u540e\u6548\u6027\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u7c7b\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u9009\u62e9\u4f7f\u7528\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u542f\u53d1\u5f0f\u641c\u7d22\u3001\u9057\u4f20\u7b97\u6cd5\u3001\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\u7b49\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5728\u6709\u9650\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u5f97\u5230\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u5c40\u90e8\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/dp_solution_pipeline/","title":"14.3 \u00a0 \u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u89e3\u9898\u601d\u8def","text":"

    \u4e0a\u4e24\u8282\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u8d77\u63a2\u7a76\u4e24\u4e2a\u66f4\u52a0\u5b9e\u7528\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002

    1. \u5982\u4f55\u5224\u65ad\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u95ee\u9898\uff1f
    2. \u6c42\u89e3\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u95ee\u9898\u8be5\u4ece\u4f55\u5904\u5165\u624b\uff0c\u5b8c\u6574\u6b65\u9aa4\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f
    "},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/dp_solution_pipeline/#1431","title":"14.3.1 \u00a0 \u95ee\u9898\u5224\u65ad","text":"

    \u603b\u7684\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u5305\u542b\u91cd\u53e0\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u3001\u6700\u4f18\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5e76\u6ee1\u8db3\u65e0\u540e\u6548\u6027\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5b83\u901a\u5e38\u9002\u5408\u7528\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u6c42\u89e3\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5f88\u96be\u4ece\u95ee\u9898\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e2d\u76f4\u63a5\u63d0\u53d6\u51fa\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7279\u6027\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u653e\u5bbd\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u5148\u89c2\u5bdf\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u5426\u9002\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u56de\u6eaf\uff08\u7a77\u4e3e\uff09\u89e3\u51b3\u3002

    \u9002\u5408\u7528\u56de\u6eaf\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u901a\u5e38\u6ee1\u8db3\u201c\u51b3\u7b56\u6811\u6a21\u578b\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u95ee\u9898\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u6811\u5f62\u7ed3\u6784\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u4ee3\u8868\u4e00\u4e2a\u51b3\u7b56\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u6761\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u8868\u4e00\u4e2a\u51b3\u7b56\u5e8f\u5217\u3002

    \u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u95ee\u9898\u5305\u542b\u660e\u786e\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u89e3\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u51b3\u7b56\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5b83\u5c31\u6ee1\u8db3\u51b3\u7b56\u6811\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u56de\u6eaf\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u3002

    \u5728\u6b64\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u95ee\u9898\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u5224\u65ad\u7684\u201c\u52a0\u5206\u9879\u201d\u3002

    • \u95ee\u9898\u5305\u542b\u6700\u5927\uff08\u5c0f\uff09\u6216\u6700\u591a\uff08\u5c11\uff09\u7b49\u6700\u4f18\u5316\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002
    • \u95ee\u9898\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u80fd\u591f\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u5217\u8868\u3001\u591a\u7ef4\u77e9\u9635\u6216\u6811\u6765\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e00\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u4e0e\u5176\u5468\u56f4\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u5b58\u5728\u9012\u63a8\u5173\u7cfb\u3002

    \u76f8\u5e94\u5730\uff0c\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u201c\u51cf\u5206\u9879\u201d\u3002

    • \u95ee\u9898\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u627e\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u627e\u51fa\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u3002
    • \u95ee\u9898\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e2d\u6709\u660e\u663e\u7684\u6392\u5217\u7ec4\u5408\u7684\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u8fd4\u56de\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u591a\u4e2a\u65b9\u6848\u3002

    \u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u6ee1\u8db3\u51b3\u7b56\u6811\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5e76\u5177\u6709\u8f83\u4e3a\u660e\u663e\u7684\u201c\u52a0\u5206\u9879\u201d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5047\u8bbe\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u6c42\u89e3\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5b83\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/dp_solution_pipeline/#1432","title":"14.3.2 \u00a0 \u95ee\u9898\u6c42\u89e3\u6b65\u9aa4","text":"

    \u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u7684\u89e3\u9898\u6d41\u7a0b\u4f1a\u56e0\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u548c\u96be\u5ea6\u800c\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u901a\u5e38\u9075\u5faa\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1a\u63cf\u8ff0\u51b3\u7b56\uff0c\u5b9a\u4e49\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb \\(dp\\) \u8868\uff0c\u63a8\u5bfc\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u65b9\u7a0b\uff0c\u786e\u5b9a\u8fb9\u754c\u6761\u4ef6\u7b49\u3002

    \u4e3a\u4e86\u66f4\u5f62\u8c61\u5730\u5c55\u793a\u89e3\u9898\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ecf\u5178\u95ee\u9898\u201c\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\u201d\u6765\u4e3e\u4f8b\u3002

    Question

    \u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a \\(n \\times m\\) \u7684\u4e8c\u7ef4\u7f51\u683c grid \uff0c\u7f51\u683c\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5355\u5143\u683c\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u8d1f\u6574\u6570\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u8be5\u5355\u5143\u683c\u7684\u4ee3\u4ef7\u3002\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u4ee5\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5355\u5143\u683c\u4e3a\u8d77\u59cb\u70b9\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u53ea\u80fd\u5411\u4e0b\u6216\u8005\u5411\u53f3\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u5230\u8fbe\u53f3\u4e0b\u89d2\u5355\u5143\u683c\u3002\u8bf7\u8fd4\u56de\u4ece\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230\u53f3\u4e0b\u89d2\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\u3002

    \u56fe 14-10 \u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7f51\u683c\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\u4e3a \\(13\\) \u3002

    \u56fe 14-10 \u00a0 \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\u793a\u4f8b\u6570\u636e

    \u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\uff1a\u601d\u8003\u6bcf\u8f6e\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\uff0c\u5b9a\u4e49\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f97\u5230 \\(dp\\) \u8868

    \u672c\u9898\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u8f6e\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u5c31\u662f\u4ece\u5f53\u524d\u683c\u5b50\u5411\u4e0b\u6216\u5411\u53f3\u8d70\u4e00\u6b65\u3002\u8bbe\u5f53\u524d\u683c\u5b50\u7684\u884c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a \\([i, j]\\) \uff0c\u5219\u5411\u4e0b\u6216\u5411\u53f3\u8d70\u4e00\u6b65\u540e\uff0c\u7d22\u5f15\u53d8\u4e3a \\([i+1, j]\\) \u6216 \\([i, j+1]\\) \u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u72b6\u6001\u5e94\u5305\u542b\u884c\u7d22\u5f15\u548c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u4e24\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a \\([i, j]\\) \u3002

    \u72b6\u6001 \\([i, j]\\) \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u4e3a\uff1a\u4ece\u8d77\u59cb\u70b9 \\([0, 0]\\) \u8d70\u5230 \\([i, j]\\) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff0c\u89e3\u8bb0\u4e3a \\(dp[i, j]\\) \u3002

    \u81f3\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u56fe 14-11 \u6240\u793a\u7684\u4e8c\u7ef4 \\(dp\\) \u77e9\u9635\uff0c\u5176\u5c3a\u5bf8\u4e0e\u8f93\u5165\u7f51\u683c \\(grid\\) \u76f8\u540c\u3002

    \u56fe 14-11 \u00a0 \u72b6\u6001\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e0e dp \u8868

    Note

    \u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u548c\u56de\u6eaf\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u51b3\u7b56\u5e8f\u5217\uff0c\u800c\u72b6\u6001\u7531\u6240\u6709\u51b3\u7b56\u53d8\u91cf\u6784\u6210\u3002\u5b83\u5e94\u5f53\u5305\u542b\u63cf\u8ff0\u89e3\u9898\u8fdb\u5ea6\u7684\u6240\u6709\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u5176\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u7528\u6765\u63a8\u5bfc\u51fa\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u3002

    \u6bcf\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u90fd\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a \\(dp\\) \u8868\u6765\u5b58\u50a8\u6240\u6709\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\uff0c\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u53d8\u91cf\u90fd\u662f \\(dp\\) \u8868\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ef4\u5ea6\u3002\u4ece\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c\\(dp\\) \u8868\u662f\u72b6\u6001\u548c\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6620\u5c04\u3002

    \u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b65\uff1a\u627e\u51fa\u6700\u4f18\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u63a8\u5bfc\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u65b9\u7a0b

    \u5bf9\u4e8e\u72b6\u6001 \\([i, j]\\) \uff0c\u5b83\u53ea\u80fd\u4ece\u4e0a\u8fb9\u683c\u5b50 \\([i-1, j]\\) \u548c\u5de6\u8fb9\u683c\u5b50 \\([i, j-1]\\) \u8f6c\u79fb\u800c\u6765\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u6700\u4f18\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u4e3a\uff1a\u5230\u8fbe \\([i, j]\\) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\u7531 \\([i, j-1]\\) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\u4e0e \\([i-1, j]\\) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\u4e2d\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u4e2a\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002

    \u6839\u636e\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u53ef\u63a8\u51fa\u56fe 14-12 \u6240\u793a\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u65b9\u7a0b\uff1a

    \\[ dp[i, j] = \\min(dp[i-1, j], dp[i, j-1]) + grid[i, j] \\]

    \u56fe 14-12 \u00a0 \u6700\u4f18\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u65b9\u7a0b

    Note

    \u6839\u636e\u5b9a\u4e49\u597d\u7684 \\(dp\\) \u8868\uff0c\u601d\u8003\u539f\u95ee\u9898\u548c\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u627e\u51fa\u901a\u8fc7\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u6765\u6784\u9020\u539f\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5373\u6700\u4f18\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u3002

    \u4e00\u65e6\u6211\u4eec\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u6700\u4f18\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\u6765\u6784\u5efa\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u65b9\u7a0b\u3002

    \u7b2c\u4e09\u6b65\uff1a\u786e\u5b9a\u8fb9\u754c\u6761\u4ef6\u548c\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u987a\u5e8f

    \u5728\u672c\u9898\u4e2d\uff0c\u5904\u5728\u9996\u884c\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u53ea\u80fd\u4ece\u5176\u5de6\u8fb9\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u5f97\u6765\uff0c\u5904\u5728\u9996\u5217\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u53ea\u80fd\u4ece\u5176\u4e0a\u8fb9\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u5f97\u6765\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9996\u884c \\(i = 0\\) \u548c\u9996\u5217 \\(j = 0\\) \u662f\u8fb9\u754c\u6761\u4ef6\u3002

    \u5982\u56fe 14-13 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u683c\u5b50\u662f\u7531\u5176\u5de6\u65b9\u683c\u5b50\u548c\u4e0a\u65b9\u683c\u5b50\u8f6c\u79fb\u800c\u6765\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u5faa\u73af\u6765\u904d\u5386\u77e9\u9635\uff0c\u5916\u5faa\u73af\u904d\u5386\u5404\u884c\uff0c\u5185\u5faa\u73af\u904d\u5386\u5404\u5217\u3002

    \u56fe 14-13 \u00a0 \u8fb9\u754c\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0e\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u987a\u5e8f

    Note

    \u8fb9\u754c\u6761\u4ef6\u5728\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u4e2d\u7528\u4e8e\u521d\u59cb\u5316 \\(dp\\) \u8868\uff0c\u5728\u641c\u7d22\u4e2d\u7528\u4e8e\u526a\u679d\u3002

    \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u987a\u5e8f\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u662f\u8981\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u5f53\u524d\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u65f6\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u5b83\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u66f4\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u90fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u6b63\u786e\u5730\u8ba1\u7b97\u51fa\u6765\u3002

    \u6839\u636e\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u5199\u51fa\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u4ee3\u7801\u3002\u7136\u800c\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u5206\u89e3\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u7684\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6309\u7167\u201c\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22 \\(\\rightarrow\\) \u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 \\(\\rightarrow\\) \u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u201d\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u5b9e\u73b0\u66f4\u52a0\u7b26\u5408\u601d\u7ef4\u4e60\u60ef\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/dp_solution_pipeline/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e00\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22","text":"

    \u4ece\u72b6\u6001 \\([i, j]\\) \u5f00\u59cb\u641c\u7d22\uff0c\u4e0d\u65ad\u5206\u89e3\u4e3a\u66f4\u5c0f\u7684\u72b6\u6001 \\([i-1, j]\\) \u548c \\([i, j-1]\\) \uff0c\u9012\u5f52\u51fd\u6570\u5305\u62ec\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8981\u7d20\u3002

    • \u9012\u5f52\u53c2\u6570\uff1a\u72b6\u6001 \\([i, j]\\) \u3002
    • \u8fd4\u56de\u503c\uff1a\u4ece \\([0, 0]\\) \u5230 \\([i, j]\\) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c \\(dp[i, j]\\) \u3002
    • \u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6\uff1a\u5f53 \\(i = 0\\) \u4e14 \\(j = 0\\) \u65f6\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4ee3\u4ef7 \\(grid[0, 0]\\) \u3002
    • \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u5f53 \\(i < 0\\) \u65f6\u6216 \\(j < 0\\) \u65f6\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u8fd4\u56de\u4ee3\u4ef7 \\(+\\infty\\) \uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u4e0d\u53ef\u884c\u3002

    \u5b9e\u73b0\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig min_path_sum.py
    def min_path_sum_dfs(grid: list[list[int]], i: int, j: int) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22\"\"\"\n    # \u82e5\u4e3a\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5355\u5143\u683c\uff0c\u5219\u7ec8\u6b62\u641c\u7d22\n    if i == 0 and j == 0:\n        return grid[0][0]\n    # \u82e5\u884c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de +\u221e \u4ee3\u4ef7\n    if i < 0 or j < 0:\n        return inf\n    # \u8ba1\u7b97\u4ece\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230 (i-1, j) \u548c (i, j-1) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\n    up = min_path_sum_dfs(grid, i - 1, j)\n    left = min_path_sum_dfs(grid, i, j - 1)\n    # \u8fd4\u56de\u4ece\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230 (i, j) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\n    return min(left, up) + grid[i][j]\n
    min_path_sum.cpp
    /* \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22 */\nint minPathSumDFS(vector<vector<int>> &grid, int i, int j) {\n    // \u82e5\u4e3a\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5355\u5143\u683c\uff0c\u5219\u7ec8\u6b62\u641c\u7d22\n    if (i == 0 && j == 0) {\n        return grid[0][0];\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u884c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de +\u221e \u4ee3\u4ef7\n    if (i < 0 || j < 0) {\n        return INT_MAX;\n    }\n    // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4ece\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230 (i-1, j) \u548c (i, j-1) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\n    int up = minPathSumDFS(grid, i - 1, j);\n    int left = minPathSumDFS(grid, i, j - 1);\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u4ece\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230 (i, j) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\n    return min(left, up) != INT_MAX ? min(left, up) + grid[i][j] : INT_MAX;\n}\n
    min_path_sum.java
    /* \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22 */\nint minPathSumDFS(int[][] grid, int i, int j) {\n    // \u82e5\u4e3a\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5355\u5143\u683c\uff0c\u5219\u7ec8\u6b62\u641c\u7d22\n    if (i == 0 && j == 0) {\n        return grid[0][0];\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u884c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de +\u221e \u4ee3\u4ef7\n    if (i < 0 || j < 0) {\n        return Integer.MAX_VALUE;\n    }\n    // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4ece\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230 (i-1, j) \u548c (i, j-1) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\n    int up = minPathSumDFS(grid, i - 1, j);\n    int left = minPathSumDFS(grid, i, j - 1);\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u4ece\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230 (i, j) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\n    return Math.min(left, up) + grid[i][j];\n}\n
    min_path_sum.cs
    /* \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22 */\nint MinPathSumDFS(int[][] grid, int i, int j) {\n    // \u82e5\u4e3a\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5355\u5143\u683c\uff0c\u5219\u7ec8\u6b62\u641c\u7d22\n    if (i == 0 && j == 0) {\n        return grid[0][0];\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u884c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de +\u221e \u4ee3\u4ef7\n    if (i < 0 || j < 0) {\n        return int.MaxValue;\n    }\n    // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4ece\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230 (i-1, j) \u548c (i, j-1) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\n    int up = MinPathSumDFS(grid, i - 1, j);\n    int left = MinPathSumDFS(grid, i, j - 1);\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u4ece\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230 (i, j) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\n    return Math.Min(left, up) + grid[i][j];\n}\n
    min_path_sum.go
    /* \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22 */\nfunc minPathSumDFS(grid [][]int, i, j int) int {\n    // \u82e5\u4e3a\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5355\u5143\u683c\uff0c\u5219\u7ec8\u6b62\u641c\u7d22\n    if i == 0 && j == 0 {\n        return grid[0][0]\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u884c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de +\u221e \u4ee3\u4ef7\n    if i < 0 || j < 0 {\n        return math.MaxInt\n    }\n    // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4ece\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230 (i-1, j) \u548c (i, j-1) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\n    up := minPathSumDFS(grid, i-1, j)\n    left := minPathSumDFS(grid, i, j-1)\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u4ece\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230 (i, j) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\n    return int(math.Min(float64(left), float64(up))) + grid[i][j]\n}\n
    min_path_sum.swift
    /* \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22 */\nfunc minPathSumDFS(grid: [[Int]], i: Int, j: Int) -> Int {\n    // \u82e5\u4e3a\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5355\u5143\u683c\uff0c\u5219\u7ec8\u6b62\u641c\u7d22\n    if i == 0, j == 0 {\n        return grid[0][0]\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u884c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de +\u221e \u4ee3\u4ef7\n    if i < 0 || j < 0 {\n        return .max\n    }\n    // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4ece\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230 (i-1, j) \u548c (i, j-1) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\n    let up = minPathSumDFS(grid: grid, i: i - 1, j: j)\n    let left = minPathSumDFS(grid: grid, i: i, j: j - 1)\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u4ece\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230 (i, j) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\n    return min(left, up) + grid[i][j]\n}\n
    min_path_sum.js
    /* \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22 */\nfunction minPathSumDFS(grid, i, j) {\n    // \u82e5\u4e3a\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5355\u5143\u683c\uff0c\u5219\u7ec8\u6b62\u641c\u7d22\n    if (i === 0 && j === 0) {\n        return grid[0][0];\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u884c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de +\u221e \u4ee3\u4ef7\n    if (i < 0 || j < 0) {\n        return Infinity;\n    }\n    // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4ece\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230 (i-1, j) \u548c (i, j-1) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\n    const up = minPathSumDFS(grid, i - 1, j);\n    const left = minPathSumDFS(grid, i, j - 1);\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u4ece\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230 (i, j) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\n    return Math.min(left, up) + grid[i][j];\n}\n
    min_path_sum.ts
    /* \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22 */\nfunction minPathSumDFS(\n    grid: Array<Array<number>>,\n    i: number,\n    j: number\n): number {\n    // \u82e5\u4e3a\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5355\u5143\u683c\uff0c\u5219\u7ec8\u6b62\u641c\u7d22\n    if (i === 0 && j == 0) {\n        return grid[0][0];\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u884c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de +\u221e \u4ee3\u4ef7\n    if (i < 0 || j < 0) {\n        return Infinity;\n    }\n    // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4ece\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230 (i-1, j) \u548c (i, j-1) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\n    const up = minPathSumDFS(grid, i - 1, j);\n    const left = minPathSumDFS(grid, i, j - 1);\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u4ece\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230 (i, j) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\n    return Math.min(left, up) + grid[i][j];\n}\n
    min_path_sum.dart
    /* \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22 */\nint minPathSumDFS(List<List<int>> grid, int i, int j) {\n  // \u82e5\u4e3a\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5355\u5143\u683c\uff0c\u5219\u7ec8\u6b62\u641c\u7d22\n  if (i == 0 && j == 0) {\n    return grid[0][0];\n  }\n  // \u82e5\u884c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de +\u221e \u4ee3\u4ef7\n  if (i < 0 || j < 0) {\n    // \u5728 Dart \u4e2d\uff0cint \u7c7b\u578b\u662f\u56fa\u5b9a\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u6574\u6570\uff0c\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u8868\u793a\u201c\u65e0\u7a77\u5927\u201d\u7684\u503c\n    return BigInt.from(2).pow(31).toInt();\n  }\n  // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4ece\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230 (i-1, j) \u548c (i, j-1) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\n  int up = minPathSumDFS(grid, i - 1, j);\n  int left = minPathSumDFS(grid, i, j - 1);\n  // \u8fd4\u56de\u4ece\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230 (i, j) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\n  return min(left, up) + grid[i][j];\n}\n
    min_path_sum.rs
    /* \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22 */\nfn min_path_sum_dfs(grid: &Vec<Vec<i32>>, i: i32, j: i32) -> i32 {\n    // \u82e5\u4e3a\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5355\u5143\u683c\uff0c\u5219\u7ec8\u6b62\u641c\u7d22\n    if i == 0 && j == 0 {\n        return grid[0][0];\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u884c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de +\u221e \u4ee3\u4ef7\n    if i < 0 || j < 0 {\n        return i32::MAX;\n    }\n    // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4ece\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230 (i-1, j) \u548c (i, j-1) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\n    let up = min_path_sum_dfs(grid, i - 1, j);\n    let left = min_path_sum_dfs(grid, i, j - 1);\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u4ece\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230 (i, j) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\n    std::cmp::min(left, up) + grid[i as usize][j as usize]\n}\n
    min_path_sum.c
    /* \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22 */\nint minPathSumDFS(int grid[MAX_SIZE][MAX_SIZE], int i, int j) {\n    // \u82e5\u4e3a\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5355\u5143\u683c\uff0c\u5219\u7ec8\u6b62\u641c\u7d22\n    if (i == 0 && j == 0) {\n        return grid[0][0];\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u884c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de +\u221e \u4ee3\u4ef7\n    if (i < 0 || j < 0) {\n        return INT_MAX;\n    }\n    // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4ece\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230 (i-1, j) \u548c (i, j-1) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\n    int up = minPathSumDFS(grid, i - 1, j);\n    int left = minPathSumDFS(grid, i, j - 1);\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u4ece\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230 (i, j) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\n    return myMin(left, up) != INT_MAX ? myMin(left, up) + grid[i][j] : INT_MAX;\n}\n
    min_path_sum.zig
    // \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22\nfn minPathSumDFS(grid: anytype, i: i32, j: i32) i32 {\n    // \u82e5\u4e3a\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5355\u5143\u683c\uff0c\u5219\u7ec8\u6b62\u641c\u7d22\n    if (i == 0 and j == 0) {\n        return grid[0][0];\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u884c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de +\u221e \u4ee3\u4ef7\n    if (i < 0 or j < 0) {\n        return std.math.maxInt(i32);\n    }\n    // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4ece\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230 (i-1, j) \u548c (i, j-1) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\n    var up = minPathSumDFS(grid, i - 1, j);\n    var left = minPathSumDFS(grid, i, j - 1);\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u4ece\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230 (i, j) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\n    return @min(left, up) + grid[@as(usize, @intCast(i))][@as(usize, @intCast(j))];\n}\n

    \u56fe 14-14 \u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u4ee5 \\(dp[2, 1]\\) \u4e3a\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u9012\u5f52\u6811\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e9b\u91cd\u53e0\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5176\u6570\u91cf\u4f1a\u968f\u7740\u7f51\u683c grid \u7684\u5c3a\u5bf8\u53d8\u5927\u800c\u6025\u5267\u589e\u591a\u3002

    \u4ece\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u91cd\u53e0\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u4e3a\uff1a\u5b58\u5728\u591a\u6761\u8def\u5f84\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230\u8fbe\u67d0\u4e00\u5355\u5143\u683c\u3002

    \u56fe 14-14 \u00a0 \u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22\u9012\u5f52\u6811

    \u6bcf\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u90fd\u6709\u5411\u4e0b\u548c\u5411\u53f3\u4e24\u79cd\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u4ece\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u8d70\u5230\u53f3\u4e0b\u89d2\u603b\u5171\u9700\u8981 \\(m + n - 2\\) \u6b65\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6700\u5dee\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(2^{m + n})\\) \u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u8ba1\u7b97\u65b9\u5f0f\u672a\u8003\u8651\u4e34\u8fd1\u7f51\u683c\u8fb9\u754c\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5f53\u5230\u8fbe\u7f51\u7edc\u8fb9\u754c\u65f6\u53ea\u5269\u4e0b\u4e00\u79cd\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u6570\u91cf\u4f1a\u5c11\u4e00\u4e9b\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/dp_solution_pipeline/#2","title":"2. \u00a0 \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e8c\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22","text":"

    \u6211\u4eec\u5f15\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u548c\u7f51\u683c grid \u76f8\u540c\u5c3a\u5bf8\u7684\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5217\u8868 mem \uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u5404\u4e2a\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u91cd\u53e0\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u8fdb\u884c\u526a\u679d\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig min_path_sum.py
    def min_path_sum_dfs_mem(\n    grid: list[list[int]], mem: list[list[int]], i: int, j: int\n) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22\"\"\"\n    # \u82e5\u4e3a\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5355\u5143\u683c\uff0c\u5219\u7ec8\u6b62\u641c\u7d22\n    if i == 0 and j == 0:\n        return grid[0][0]\n    # \u82e5\u884c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de +\u221e \u4ee3\u4ef7\n    if i < 0 or j < 0:\n        return inf\n    # \u82e5\u5df2\u6709\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n    if mem[i][j] != -1:\n        return mem[i][j]\n    # \u5de6\u8fb9\u548c\u4e0a\u8fb9\u5355\u5143\u683c\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\n    up = min_path_sum_dfs_mem(grid, mem, i - 1, j)\n    left = min_path_sum_dfs_mem(grid, mem, i, j - 1)\n    # \u8bb0\u5f55\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230 (i, j) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\n    mem[i][j] = min(left, up) + grid[i][j]\n    return mem[i][j]\n
    min_path_sum.cpp
    /* \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nint minPathSumDFSMem(vector<vector<int>> &grid, vector<vector<int>> &mem, int i, int j) {\n    // \u82e5\u4e3a\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5355\u5143\u683c\uff0c\u5219\u7ec8\u6b62\u641c\u7d22\n    if (i == 0 && j == 0) {\n        return grid[0][0];\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u884c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de +\u221e \u4ee3\u4ef7\n    if (i < 0 || j < 0) {\n        return INT_MAX;\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u5df2\u6709\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n    if (mem[i][j] != -1) {\n        return mem[i][j];\n    }\n    // \u5de6\u8fb9\u548c\u4e0a\u8fb9\u5355\u5143\u683c\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\n    int up = minPathSumDFSMem(grid, mem, i - 1, j);\n    int left = minPathSumDFSMem(grid, mem, i, j - 1);\n    // \u8bb0\u5f55\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230 (i, j) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\n    mem[i][j] = min(left, up) != INT_MAX ? min(left, up) + grid[i][j] : INT_MAX;\n    return mem[i][j];\n}\n
    min_path_sum.java
    /* \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nint minPathSumDFSMem(int[][] grid, int[][] mem, int i, int j) {\n    // \u82e5\u4e3a\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5355\u5143\u683c\uff0c\u5219\u7ec8\u6b62\u641c\u7d22\n    if (i == 0 && j == 0) {\n        return grid[0][0];\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u884c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de +\u221e \u4ee3\u4ef7\n    if (i < 0 || j < 0) {\n        return Integer.MAX_VALUE;\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u5df2\u6709\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n    if (mem[i][j] != -1) {\n        return mem[i][j];\n    }\n    // \u5de6\u8fb9\u548c\u4e0a\u8fb9\u5355\u5143\u683c\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\n    int up = minPathSumDFSMem(grid, mem, i - 1, j);\n    int left = minPathSumDFSMem(grid, mem, i, j - 1);\n    // \u8bb0\u5f55\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230 (i, j) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\n    mem[i][j] = Math.min(left, up) + grid[i][j];\n    return mem[i][j];\n}\n
    min_path_sum.cs
    /* \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nint MinPathSumDFSMem(int[][] grid, int[][] mem, int i, int j) {\n    // \u82e5\u4e3a\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5355\u5143\u683c\uff0c\u5219\u7ec8\u6b62\u641c\u7d22\n    if (i == 0 && j == 0) {\n        return grid[0][0];\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u884c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de +\u221e \u4ee3\u4ef7\n    if (i < 0 || j < 0) {\n        return int.MaxValue;\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u5df2\u6709\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n    if (mem[i][j] != -1) {\n        return mem[i][j];\n    }\n    // \u5de6\u8fb9\u548c\u4e0a\u8fb9\u5355\u5143\u683c\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\n    int up = MinPathSumDFSMem(grid, mem, i - 1, j);\n    int left = MinPathSumDFSMem(grid, mem, i, j - 1);\n    // \u8bb0\u5f55\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230 (i, j) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\n    mem[i][j] = Math.Min(left, up) + grid[i][j];\n    return mem[i][j];\n}\n
    min_path_sum.go
    /* \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nfunc minPathSumDFSMem(grid, mem [][]int, i, j int) int {\n    // \u82e5\u4e3a\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5355\u5143\u683c\uff0c\u5219\u7ec8\u6b62\u641c\u7d22\n    if i == 0 && j == 0 {\n        return grid[0][0]\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u884c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de +\u221e \u4ee3\u4ef7\n    if i < 0 || j < 0 {\n        return math.MaxInt\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u5df2\u6709\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n    if mem[i][j] != -1 {\n        return mem[i][j]\n    }\n    // \u5de6\u8fb9\u548c\u4e0a\u8fb9\u5355\u5143\u683c\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\n    up := minPathSumDFSMem(grid, mem, i-1, j)\n    left := minPathSumDFSMem(grid, mem, i, j-1)\n    // \u8bb0\u5f55\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230 (i, j) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\n    mem[i][j] = int(math.Min(float64(left), float64(up))) + grid[i][j]\n    return mem[i][j]\n}\n
    min_path_sum.swift
    /* \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nfunc minPathSumDFSMem(grid: [[Int]], mem: inout [[Int]], i: Int, j: Int) -> Int {\n    // \u82e5\u4e3a\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5355\u5143\u683c\uff0c\u5219\u7ec8\u6b62\u641c\u7d22\n    if i == 0, j == 0 {\n        return grid[0][0]\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u884c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de +\u221e \u4ee3\u4ef7\n    if i < 0 || j < 0 {\n        return .max\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u5df2\u6709\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n    if mem[i][j] != -1 {\n        return mem[i][j]\n    }\n    // \u5de6\u8fb9\u548c\u4e0a\u8fb9\u5355\u5143\u683c\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\n    let up = minPathSumDFSMem(grid: grid, mem: &mem, i: i - 1, j: j)\n    let left = minPathSumDFSMem(grid: grid, mem: &mem, i: i, j: j - 1)\n    // \u8bb0\u5f55\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230 (i, j) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\n    mem[i][j] = min(left, up) + grid[i][j]\n    return mem[i][j]\n}\n
    min_path_sum.js
    /* \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nfunction minPathSumDFSMem(grid, mem, i, j) {\n    // \u82e5\u4e3a\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5355\u5143\u683c\uff0c\u5219\u7ec8\u6b62\u641c\u7d22\n    if (i === 0 && j === 0) {\n        return grid[0][0];\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u884c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de +\u221e \u4ee3\u4ef7\n    if (i < 0 || j < 0) {\n        return Infinity;\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u5df2\u6709\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n    if (mem[i][j] !== -1) {\n        return mem[i][j];\n    }\n    // \u5de6\u8fb9\u548c\u4e0a\u8fb9\u5355\u5143\u683c\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\n    const up = minPathSumDFSMem(grid, mem, i - 1, j);\n    const left = minPathSumDFSMem(grid, mem, i, j - 1);\n    // \u8bb0\u5f55\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230 (i, j) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\n    mem[i][j] = Math.min(left, up) + grid[i][j];\n    return mem[i][j];\n}\n
    min_path_sum.ts
    /* \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nfunction minPathSumDFSMem(\n    grid: Array<Array<number>>,\n    mem: Array<Array<number>>,\n    i: number,\n    j: number\n): number {\n    // \u82e5\u4e3a\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5355\u5143\u683c\uff0c\u5219\u7ec8\u6b62\u641c\u7d22\n    if (i === 0 && j === 0) {\n        return grid[0][0];\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u884c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de +\u221e \u4ee3\u4ef7\n    if (i < 0 || j < 0) {\n        return Infinity;\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u5df2\u6709\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n    if (mem[i][j] != -1) {\n        return mem[i][j];\n    }\n    // \u5de6\u8fb9\u548c\u4e0a\u8fb9\u5355\u5143\u683c\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\n    const up = minPathSumDFSMem(grid, mem, i - 1, j);\n    const left = minPathSumDFSMem(grid, mem, i, j - 1);\n    // \u8bb0\u5f55\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230 (i, j) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\n    mem[i][j] = Math.min(left, up) + grid[i][j];\n    return mem[i][j];\n}\n
    min_path_sum.dart
    /* \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nint minPathSumDFSMem(List<List<int>> grid, List<List<int>> mem, int i, int j) {\n  // \u82e5\u4e3a\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5355\u5143\u683c\uff0c\u5219\u7ec8\u6b62\u641c\u7d22\n  if (i == 0 && j == 0) {\n    return grid[0][0];\n  }\n  // \u82e5\u884c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de +\u221e \u4ee3\u4ef7\n  if (i < 0 || j < 0) {\n    // \u5728 Dart \u4e2d\uff0cint \u7c7b\u578b\u662f\u56fa\u5b9a\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u6574\u6570\uff0c\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u8868\u793a\u201c\u65e0\u7a77\u5927\u201d\u7684\u503c\n    return BigInt.from(2).pow(31).toInt();\n  }\n  // \u82e5\u5df2\u6709\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n  if (mem[i][j] != -1) {\n    return mem[i][j];\n  }\n  // \u5de6\u8fb9\u548c\u4e0a\u8fb9\u5355\u5143\u683c\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\n  int up = minPathSumDFSMem(grid, mem, i - 1, j);\n  int left = minPathSumDFSMem(grid, mem, i, j - 1);\n  // \u8bb0\u5f55\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230 (i, j) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\n  mem[i][j] = min(left, up) + grid[i][j];\n  return mem[i][j];\n}\n
    min_path_sum.rs
    /* \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nfn min_path_sum_dfs_mem(grid: &Vec<Vec<i32>>, mem: &mut Vec<Vec<i32>>, i: i32, j: i32) -> i32 {\n    // \u82e5\u4e3a\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5355\u5143\u683c\uff0c\u5219\u7ec8\u6b62\u641c\u7d22\n    if i == 0 && j == 0 {\n        return grid[0][0];\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u884c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de +\u221e \u4ee3\u4ef7\n    if i < 0 || j < 0 {\n        return i32::MAX;\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u5df2\u6709\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n    if mem[i as usize][j as usize] != -1 {\n        return mem[i as usize][j as usize];\n    }\n    // \u5de6\u8fb9\u548c\u4e0a\u8fb9\u5355\u5143\u683c\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\n    let up = min_path_sum_dfs_mem(grid, mem, i - 1, j);\n    let left = min_path_sum_dfs_mem(grid, mem, i, j - 1);\n    // \u8bb0\u5f55\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230 (i, j) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\n    mem[i as usize][j as usize] = std::cmp::min(left, up) + grid[i as usize][j as usize];\n    mem[i as usize][j as usize]\n}\n
    min_path_sum.c
    /* \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nint minPathSumDFSMem(int grid[MAX_SIZE][MAX_SIZE], int mem[MAX_SIZE][MAX_SIZE], int i, int j) {\n    // \u82e5\u4e3a\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5355\u5143\u683c\uff0c\u5219\u7ec8\u6b62\u641c\u7d22\n    if (i == 0 && j == 0) {\n        return grid[0][0];\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u884c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de +\u221e \u4ee3\u4ef7\n    if (i < 0 || j < 0) {\n        return INT_MAX;\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u5df2\u6709\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n    if (mem[i][j] != -1) {\n        return mem[i][j];\n    }\n    // \u5de6\u8fb9\u548c\u4e0a\u8fb9\u5355\u5143\u683c\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\n    int up = minPathSumDFSMem(grid, mem, i - 1, j);\n    int left = minPathSumDFSMem(grid, mem, i, j - 1);\n    // \u8bb0\u5f55\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230 (i, j) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\n    mem[i][j] = myMin(left, up) != INT_MAX ? myMin(left, up) + grid[i][j] : INT_MAX;\n    return mem[i][j];\n}\n
    min_path_sum.zig
    // \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22\nfn minPathSumDFSMem(grid: anytype, mem: anytype, i: i32, j: i32) i32 {\n    // \u82e5\u4e3a\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5355\u5143\u683c\uff0c\u5219\u7ec8\u6b62\u641c\u7d22\n    if (i == 0 and j == 0) {\n        return grid[0][0];\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u884c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de +\u221e \u4ee3\u4ef7\n    if (i < 0 or j < 0) {\n        return std.math.maxInt(i32);\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u5df2\u6709\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n    if (mem[@as(usize, @intCast(i))][@as(usize, @intCast(j))] != -1) {\n        return mem[@as(usize, @intCast(i))][@as(usize, @intCast(j))];\n    }\n    // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4ece\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230 (i-1, j) \u548c (i, j-1) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\n    var up = minPathSumDFSMem(grid, mem, i - 1, j);\n    var left = minPathSumDFSMem(grid, mem, i, j - 1);\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u4ece\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230 (i, j) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\n    // \u8bb0\u5f55\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u5230 (i, j) \u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u4ee3\u4ef7\n    mem[@as(usize, @intCast(i))][@as(usize, @intCast(j))] = @min(left, up) + grid[@as(usize, @intCast(i))][@as(usize, @intCast(j))];\n    return mem[@as(usize, @intCast(i))][@as(usize, @intCast(j))];\n}\n

    \u5982\u56fe 14-15 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5728\u5f15\u5165\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u540e\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u53ea\u9700\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u72b6\u6001\u603b\u6570\uff0c\u5373\u7f51\u683c\u5c3a\u5bf8 \\(O(nm)\\) \u3002

    \u56fe 14-15 \u00a0 \u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22\u9012\u5f52\u6811

    "},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/dp_solution_pipeline/#3","title":"3. \u00a0 \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e09\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212","text":"

    \u57fa\u4e8e\u8fed\u4ee3\u5b9e\u73b0\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u89e3\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig min_path_sum.py
    def min_path_sum_dp(grid: list[list[int]]) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\"\"\"\n    n, m = len(grid), len(grid[0])\n    # \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    dp = [[0] * m for _ in range(n)]\n    dp[0][0] = grid[0][0]\n    # \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\n    for j in range(1, m):\n        dp[0][j] = dp[0][j - 1] + grid[0][j]\n    # \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u5217\n    for i in range(1, n):\n        dp[i][0] = dp[i - 1][0] + grid[i][0]\n    # \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\u548c\u5217\n    for i in range(1, n):\n        for j in range(1, m):\n            dp[i][j] = min(dp[i][j - 1], dp[i - 1][j]) + grid[i][j]\n    return dp[n - 1][m - 1]\n
    min_path_sum.cpp
    /* \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint minPathSumDP(vector<vector<int>> &grid) {\n    int n = grid.size(), m = grid[0].size();\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    vector<vector<int>> dp(n, vector<int>(m));\n    dp[0][0] = grid[0][0];\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\n    for (int j = 1; j < m; j++) {\n        dp[0][j] = dp[0][j - 1] + grid[0][j];\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u5217\n    for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) {\n        dp[i][0] = dp[i - 1][0] + grid[i][0];\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\u548c\u5217\n    for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) {\n        for (int j = 1; j < m; j++) {\n            dp[i][j] = min(dp[i][j - 1], dp[i - 1][j]) + grid[i][j];\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[n - 1][m - 1];\n}\n
    min_path_sum.java
    /* \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint minPathSumDP(int[][] grid) {\n    int n = grid.length, m = grid[0].length;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    int[][] dp = new int[n][m];\n    dp[0][0] = grid[0][0];\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\n    for (int j = 1; j < m; j++) {\n        dp[0][j] = dp[0][j - 1] + grid[0][j];\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u5217\n    for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) {\n        dp[i][0] = dp[i - 1][0] + grid[i][0];\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\u548c\u5217\n    for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) {\n        for (int j = 1; j < m; j++) {\n            dp[i][j] = Math.min(dp[i][j - 1], dp[i - 1][j]) + grid[i][j];\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[n - 1][m - 1];\n}\n
    min_path_sum.cs
    /* \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint MinPathSumDP(int[][] grid) {\n    int n = grid.Length, m = grid[0].Length;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    int[,] dp = new int[n, m];\n    dp[0, 0] = grid[0][0];\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\n    for (int j = 1; j < m; j++) {\n        dp[0, j] = dp[0, j - 1] + grid[0][j];\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u5217\n    for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) {\n        dp[i, 0] = dp[i - 1, 0] + grid[i][0];\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\u548c\u5217\n    for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) {\n        for (int j = 1; j < m; j++) {\n            dp[i, j] = Math.Min(dp[i, j - 1], dp[i - 1, j]) + grid[i][j];\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[n - 1, m - 1];\n}\n
    min_path_sum.go
    /* \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunc minPathSumDP(grid [][]int) int {\n    n, m := len(grid), len(grid[0])\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    dp := make([][]int, n)\n    for i := 0; i < n; i++ {\n        dp[i] = make([]int, m)\n    }\n    dp[0][0] = grid[0][0]\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\n    for j := 1; j < m; j++ {\n        dp[0][j] = dp[0][j-1] + grid[0][j]\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u5217\n    for i := 1; i < n; i++ {\n        dp[i][0] = dp[i-1][0] + grid[i][0]\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\u548c\u5217\n    for i := 1; i < n; i++ {\n        for j := 1; j < m; j++ {\n            dp[i][j] = int(math.Min(float64(dp[i][j-1]), float64(dp[i-1][j]))) + grid[i][j]\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[n-1][m-1]\n}\n
    min_path_sum.swift
    /* \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunc minPathSumDP(grid: [[Int]]) -> Int {\n    let n = grid.count\n    let m = grid[0].count\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    var dp = Array(repeating: Array(repeating: 0, count: m), count: n)\n    dp[0][0] = grid[0][0]\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\n    for j in stride(from: 1, to: m, by: 1) {\n        dp[0][j] = dp[0][j - 1] + grid[0][j]\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u5217\n    for i in stride(from: 1, to: n, by: 1) {\n        dp[i][0] = dp[i - 1][0] + grid[i][0]\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\u548c\u5217\n    for i in stride(from: 1, to: n, by: 1) {\n        for j in stride(from: 1, to: m, by: 1) {\n            dp[i][j] = min(dp[i][j - 1], dp[i - 1][j]) + grid[i][j]\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[n - 1][m - 1]\n}\n
    min_path_sum.js
    /* \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunction minPathSumDP(grid) {\n    const n = grid.length,\n        m = grid[0].length;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    const dp = Array.from({ length: n }, () =>\n        Array.from({ length: m }, () => 0)\n    );\n    dp[0][0] = grid[0][0];\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\n    for (let j = 1; j < m; j++) {\n        dp[0][j] = dp[0][j - 1] + grid[0][j];\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u5217\n    for (let i = 1; i < n; i++) {\n        dp[i][0] = dp[i - 1][0] + grid[i][0];\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\u548c\u5217\n    for (let i = 1; i < n; i++) {\n        for (let j = 1; j < m; j++) {\n            dp[i][j] = Math.min(dp[i][j - 1], dp[i - 1][j]) + grid[i][j];\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[n - 1][m - 1];\n}\n
    min_path_sum.ts
    /* \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunction minPathSumDP(grid: Array<Array<number>>): number {\n    const n = grid.length,\n        m = grid[0].length;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    const dp = Array.from({ length: n }, () =>\n        Array.from({ length: m }, () => 0)\n    );\n    dp[0][0] = grid[0][0];\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\n    for (let j = 1; j < m; j++) {\n        dp[0][j] = dp[0][j - 1] + grid[0][j];\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u5217\n    for (let i = 1; i < n; i++) {\n        dp[i][0] = dp[i - 1][0] + grid[i][0];\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\u548c\u5217\n    for (let i = 1; i < n; i++) {\n        for (let j: number = 1; j < m; j++) {\n            dp[i][j] = Math.min(dp[i][j - 1], dp[i - 1][j]) + grid[i][j];\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[n - 1][m - 1];\n}\n
    min_path_sum.dart
    /* \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint minPathSumDP(List<List<int>> grid) {\n  int n = grid.length, m = grid[0].length;\n  // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n  List<List<int>> dp = List.generate(n, (i) => List.filled(m, 0));\n  dp[0][0] = grid[0][0];\n  // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\n  for (int j = 1; j < m; j++) {\n    dp[0][j] = dp[0][j - 1] + grid[0][j];\n  }\n  // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u5217\n  for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) {\n    dp[i][0] = dp[i - 1][0] + grid[i][0];\n  }\n  // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\u548c\u5217\n  for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) {\n    for (int j = 1; j < m; j++) {\n      dp[i][j] = min(dp[i][j - 1], dp[i - 1][j]) + grid[i][j];\n    }\n  }\n  return dp[n - 1][m - 1];\n}\n
    min_path_sum.rs
    /* \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfn min_path_sum_dp(grid: &Vec<Vec<i32>>) -> i32 {\n    let (n, m) = (grid.len(), grid[0].len());\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    let mut dp = vec![vec![0; m]; n];\n    dp[0][0] = grid[0][0];\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\n    for j in 1..m {\n        dp[0][j] = dp[0][j - 1] + grid[0][j];\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u5217\n    for i in 1..n {\n        dp[i][0] = dp[i - 1][0] + grid[i][0];\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\u548c\u5217\n    for i in 1..n {\n        for j in 1..m {\n            dp[i][j] = std::cmp::min(dp[i][j - 1], dp[i - 1][j]) + grid[i][j];\n        }\n    }\n    dp[n - 1][m - 1]\n}\n
    min_path_sum.c
    /* \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint minPathSumDP(int grid[MAX_SIZE][MAX_SIZE], int n, int m) {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    int **dp = malloc(n * sizeof(int *));\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        dp[i] = calloc(m, sizeof(int));\n    }\n    dp[0][0] = grid[0][0];\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\n    for (int j = 1; j < m; j++) {\n        dp[0][j] = dp[0][j - 1] + grid[0][j];\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u5217\n    for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) {\n        dp[i][0] = dp[i - 1][0] + grid[i][0];\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\u548c\u5217\n    for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) {\n        for (int j = 1; j < m; j++) {\n            dp[i][j] = myMin(dp[i][j - 1], dp[i - 1][j]) + grid[i][j];\n        }\n    }\n    int res = dp[n - 1][m - 1];\n    // \u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        free(dp[i]);\n    }\n    return res;\n}\n
    min_path_sum.zig
    // \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\nfn minPathSumDP(comptime grid: anytype) i32 {\n    comptime var n = grid.len;\n    comptime var m = grid[0].len;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    var dp = [_][m]i32{[_]i32{0} ** m} ** n;\n    dp[0][0] = grid[0][0];\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\n    for (1..m) |j| {\n        dp[0][j] = dp[0][j - 1] + grid[0][j];\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u5217\n    for (1..n) |i| {\n        dp[i][0] = dp[i - 1][0] + grid[i][0];\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\u548c\u5217\n    for (1..n) |i| {\n        for (1..m) |j| {\n            dp[i][j] = @min(dp[i][j - 1], dp[i - 1][j]) + grid[i][j];\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[n - 1][m - 1];\n}\n

    \u56fe 14-16 \u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5176\u904d\u5386\u4e86\u6574\u4e2a\u7f51\u683c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(nm)\\) \u3002

    \u6570\u7ec4 dp \u5927\u5c0f\u4e3a \\(n \\times m\\) \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(nm)\\) \u3002

    <1><2><3><4><5><6><7><8><9><10><11><12>

    \u56fe 14-16 \u00a0 \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u8fc7\u7a0b

    "},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/dp_solution_pipeline/#4","title":"4. \u00a0 \u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316","text":"

    \u7531\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u683c\u5b50\u53ea\u4e0e\u5176\u5de6\u8fb9\u548c\u4e0a\u8fb9\u7684\u683c\u5b50\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u53ea\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u884c\u6570\u7ec4\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0 \\(dp\\) \u8868\u3002

    \u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4 dp \u53ea\u80fd\u8868\u793a\u4e00\u884c\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u6cd5\u63d0\u524d\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u9996\u5217\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u904d\u5386\u6bcf\u884c\u65f6\u66f4\u65b0\u5b83\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig min_path_sum.py
    def min_path_sum_dp_comp(grid: list[list[int]]) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\"\"\"\n    n, m = len(grid), len(grid[0])\n    # \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    dp = [0] * m\n    # \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\n    dp[0] = grid[0][0]\n    for j in range(1, m):\n        dp[j] = dp[j - 1] + grid[0][j]\n    # \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\n    for i in range(1, n):\n        # \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u5217\n        dp[0] = dp[0] + grid[i][0]\n        # \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u5217\n        for j in range(1, m):\n            dp[j] = min(dp[j - 1], dp[j]) + grid[i][j]\n    return dp[m - 1]\n
    min_path_sum.cpp
    /* \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint minPathSumDPComp(vector<vector<int>> &grid) {\n    int n = grid.size(), m = grid[0].size();\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    vector<int> dp(m);\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\n    dp[0] = grid[0][0];\n    for (int j = 1; j < m; j++) {\n        dp[j] = dp[j - 1] + grid[0][j];\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\n    for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) {\n        // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u5217\n        dp[0] = dp[0] + grid[i][0];\n        // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u5217\n        for (int j = 1; j < m; j++) {\n            dp[j] = min(dp[j - 1], dp[j]) + grid[i][j];\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[m - 1];\n}\n
    min_path_sum.java
    /* \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint minPathSumDPComp(int[][] grid) {\n    int n = grid.length, m = grid[0].length;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    int[] dp = new int[m];\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\n    dp[0] = grid[0][0];\n    for (int j = 1; j < m; j++) {\n        dp[j] = dp[j - 1] + grid[0][j];\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\n    for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) {\n        // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u5217\n        dp[0] = dp[0] + grid[i][0];\n        // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u5217\n        for (int j = 1; j < m; j++) {\n            dp[j] = Math.min(dp[j - 1], dp[j]) + grid[i][j];\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[m - 1];\n}\n
    min_path_sum.cs
    /* \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint MinPathSumDPComp(int[][] grid) {\n    int n = grid.Length, m = grid[0].Length;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    int[] dp = new int[m];\n    dp[0] = grid[0][0];\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\n    for (int j = 1; j < m; j++) {\n        dp[j] = dp[j - 1] + grid[0][j];\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\n    for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) {\n        // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u5217\n        dp[0] = dp[0] + grid[i][0];\n        // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u5217\n        for (int j = 1; j < m; j++) {\n            dp[j] = Math.Min(dp[j - 1], dp[j]) + grid[i][j];\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[m - 1];\n}\n
    min_path_sum.go
    /* \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunc minPathSumDPComp(grid [][]int) int {\n    n, m := len(grid), len(grid[0])\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    dp := make([]int, m)\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\n    dp[0] = grid[0][0]\n    for j := 1; j < m; j++ {\n        dp[j] = dp[j-1] + grid[0][j]\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\u548c\u5217\n    for i := 1; i < n; i++ {\n        // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u5217\n        dp[0] = dp[0] + grid[i][0]\n        // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u5217\n        for j := 1; j < m; j++ {\n            dp[j] = int(math.Min(float64(dp[j-1]), float64(dp[j]))) + grid[i][j]\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[m-1]\n}\n
    min_path_sum.swift
    /* \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunc minPathSumDPComp(grid: [[Int]]) -> Int {\n    let n = grid.count\n    let m = grid[0].count\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    var dp = Array(repeating: 0, count: m)\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\n    dp[0] = grid[0][0]\n    for j in stride(from: 1, to: m, by: 1) {\n        dp[j] = dp[j - 1] + grid[0][j]\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\n    for i in stride(from: 1, to: n, by: 1) {\n        // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u5217\n        dp[0] = dp[0] + grid[i][0]\n        // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u5217\n        for j in stride(from: 1, to: m, by: 1) {\n            dp[j] = min(dp[j - 1], dp[j]) + grid[i][j]\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[m - 1]\n}\n
    min_path_sum.js
    /* \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunction minPathSumDPComp(grid) {\n    const n = grid.length,\n        m = grid[0].length;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    const dp = new Array(m);\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\n    dp[0] = grid[0][0];\n    for (let j = 1; j < m; j++) {\n        dp[j] = dp[j - 1] + grid[0][j];\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\n    for (let i = 1; i < n; i++) {\n        // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u5217\n        dp[0] = dp[0] + grid[i][0];\n        // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u5217\n        for (let j = 1; j < m; j++) {\n            dp[j] = Math.min(dp[j - 1], dp[j]) + grid[i][j];\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[m - 1];\n}\n
    min_path_sum.ts
    /* \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunction minPathSumDPComp(grid: Array<Array<number>>): number {\n    const n = grid.length,\n        m = grid[0].length;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    const dp = new Array(m);\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\n    dp[0] = grid[0][0];\n    for (let j = 1; j < m; j++) {\n        dp[j] = dp[j - 1] + grid[0][j];\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\n    for (let i = 1; i < n; i++) {\n        // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u5217\n        dp[0] = dp[0] + grid[i][0];\n        // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u5217\n        for (let j = 1; j < m; j++) {\n            dp[j] = Math.min(dp[j - 1], dp[j]) + grid[i][j];\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[m - 1];\n}\n
    min_path_sum.dart
    /* \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint minPathSumDPComp(List<List<int>> grid) {\n  int n = grid.length, m = grid[0].length;\n  // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n  List<int> dp = List.filled(m, 0);\n  dp[0] = grid[0][0];\n  for (int j = 1; j < m; j++) {\n    dp[j] = dp[j - 1] + grid[0][j];\n  }\n  // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\n  for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) {\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u5217\n    dp[0] = dp[0] + grid[i][0];\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u5217\n    for (int j = 1; j < m; j++) {\n      dp[j] = min(dp[j - 1], dp[j]) + grid[i][j];\n    }\n  }\n  return dp[m - 1];\n}\n
    min_path_sum.rs
    /* \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfn min_path_sum_dp_comp(grid: &Vec<Vec<i32>>) -> i32 {\n    let (n, m) = (grid.len(), grid[0].len());\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    let mut dp = vec![0; m];\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\n    dp[0] = grid[0][0];\n    for j in 1..m {\n        dp[j] = dp[j - 1] + grid[0][j];\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\n    for i in 1..n {\n        // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u5217\n        dp[0] = dp[0] + grid[i][0];\n        // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u5217\n        for j in 1..m {\n            dp[j] = std::cmp::min(dp[j - 1], dp[j]) + grid[i][j];\n        }\n    }\n    dp[m - 1]\n}\n
    min_path_sum.c
    /* \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint minPathSumDPComp(int grid[MAX_SIZE][MAX_SIZE], int n, int m) {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    int *dp = calloc(m, sizeof(int));\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\n    dp[0] = grid[0][0];\n    for (int j = 1; j < m; j++) {\n        dp[j] = dp[j - 1] + grid[0][j];\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\n    for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) {\n        // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u5217\n        dp[0] = dp[0] + grid[i][0];\n        // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u5217\n        for (int j = 1; j < m; j++) {\n            dp[j] = myMin(dp[j - 1], dp[j]) + grid[i][j];\n        }\n    }\n    int res = dp[m - 1];\n    // \u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\n    free(dp);\n    return res;\n}\n
    min_path_sum.zig
    // \u6700\u5c0f\u8def\u5f84\u548c\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\nfn minPathSumDPComp(comptime grid: anytype) i32 {\n    comptime var n = grid.len;\n    comptime var m = grid[0].len;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    var dp = [_]i32{0} ** m;\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\n    dp[0] = grid[0][0];\n    for (1..m) |j| {\n        dp[j] = dp[j - 1] + grid[0][j];\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\n    for (1..n) |i| {\n        // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u5217\n        dp[0] = dp[0] + grid[i][0];\n        for (1..m) |j| {\n            dp[j] = @min(dp[j - 1], dp[j]) + grid[i][j];\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[m - 1];\n}\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/edit_distance_problem/","title":"14.6 \u00a0 \u7f16\u8f91\u8ddd\u79bb\u95ee\u9898","text":"

    \u7f16\u8f91\u8ddd\u79bb\uff0c\u4e5f\u79f0 Levenshtein \u8ddd\u79bb\uff0c\u6307\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e92\u76f8\u8f6c\u6362\u7684\u6700\u5c11\u4fee\u6539\u6b21\u6570\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u5728\u4fe1\u606f\u68c0\u7d22\u548c\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u5904\u7406\u4e2d\u5ea6\u91cf\u4e24\u4e2a\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u5ea6\u3002

    Question

    \u8f93\u5165\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32 \\(s\\) \u548c \\(t\\) \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5c06 \\(s\\) \u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a \\(t\\) \u6240\u9700\u7684\u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570\u3002

    \u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u4e09\u79cd\u7f16\u8f91\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a\u63d2\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u3001\u5220\u9664\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u3001\u5c06\u5b57\u7b26\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u4efb\u610f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u3002

    \u5982\u56fe 14-27 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5c06 kitten \u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a sitting \u9700\u8981\u7f16\u8f91 3 \u6b65\uff0c\u5305\u62ec 2 \u6b21\u66ff\u6362\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e0e 1 \u6b21\u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1b\u5c06 hello \u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a algo \u9700\u8981 3 \u6b65\uff0c\u5305\u62ec 2 \u6b21\u66ff\u6362\u64cd\u4f5c\u548c 1 \u6b21\u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002

    \u56fe 14-27 \u00a0 \u7f16\u8f91\u8ddd\u79bb\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u6570\u636e

    \u7f16\u8f91\u8ddd\u79bb\u95ee\u9898\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u81ea\u7136\u5730\u7528\u51b3\u7b56\u6811\u6a21\u578b\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5bf9\u5e94\u6811\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u4e00\u8f6e\u51b3\u7b56\uff08\u4e00\u6b21\u7f16\u8f91\u64cd\u4f5c\uff09\u5bf9\u5e94\u6811\u7684\u4e00\u6761\u8fb9\u3002

    \u5982\u56fe 14-28 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5728\u4e0d\u9650\u5236\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u6d3e\u751f\u51fa\u8bb8\u591a\u6761\u8fb9\uff0c\u6bcf\u6761\u8fb9\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e00\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4ece hello \u8f6c\u6362\u5230 algo \u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u3002

    \u4ece\u51b3\u7b56\u6811\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u672c\u9898\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u6c42\u89e3\u8282\u70b9 hello \u548c\u8282\u70b9 algo \u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u3002

    \u56fe 14-28 \u00a0 \u57fa\u4e8e\u51b3\u7b56\u6811\u6a21\u578b\u8868\u793a\u7f16\u8f91\u8ddd\u79bb\u95ee\u9898

    "},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/edit_distance_problem/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u601d\u8def","text":"

    \u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\uff1a\u601d\u8003\u6bcf\u8f6e\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\uff0c\u5b9a\u4e49\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f97\u5230 \\(dp\\) \u8868

    \u6bcf\u4e00\u8f6e\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u662f\u5bf9\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32 \\(s\\) \u8fdb\u884c\u4e00\u6b21\u7f16\u8f91\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002

    \u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u5728\u7f16\u8f91\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89c4\u6a21\u9010\u6e10\u7f29\u5c0f\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u624d\u80fd\u6784\u5efa\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u8bbe\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32 \\(s\\) \u548c \\(t\\) \u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u5206\u522b\u4e3a \\(n\\) \u548c \\(m\\) \uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5148\u8003\u8651\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5c3e\u90e8\u7684\u5b57\u7b26 \\(s[n-1]\\) \u548c \\(t[m-1]\\) \u3002

    • \u82e5 \\(s[n-1]\\) \u548c \\(t[m-1]\\) \u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8df3\u8fc7\u5b83\u4eec\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8003\u8651 \\(s[n-2]\\) \u548c \\(t[m-2]\\) \u3002
    • \u82e5 \\(s[n-1]\\) \u548c \\(t[m-1]\\) \u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5bf9 \\(s\\) \u8fdb\u884c\u4e00\u6b21\u7f16\u8f91\uff08\u63d2\u5165\u3001\u5220\u9664\u3001\u66ff\u6362\uff09\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5c3e\u90e8\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8df3\u8fc7\u5b83\u4eec\uff0c\u8003\u8651\u89c4\u6a21\u66f4\u5c0f\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002

    \u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32 \\(s\\) \u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u8f6e\u51b3\u7b56\uff08\u7f16\u8f91\u64cd\u4f5c\uff09\uff0c\u90fd\u4f1a\u4f7f\u5f97 \\(s\\) \u548c \\(t\\) \u4e2d\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u5f85\u5339\u914d\u5b57\u7b26\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u72b6\u6001\u4e3a\u5f53\u524d\u5728 \\(s\\) \u548c \\(t\\) \u4e2d\u8003\u8651\u7684\u7b2c \\(i\\) \u548c\u7b2c \\(j\\) \u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a \\([i, j]\\) \u3002

    \u72b6\u6001 \\([i, j]\\) \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u5c06 \\(s\\) \u7684\u524d \\(i\\) \u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u66f4\u6539\u4e3a \\(t\\) \u7684\u524d \\(j\\) \u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u6240\u9700\u7684\u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570\u3002

    \u81f3\u6b64\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c3a\u5bf8\u4e3a \\((i+1) \\times (j+1)\\) \u7684\u4e8c\u7ef4 \\(dp\\) \u8868\u3002

    \u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b65\uff1a\u627e\u51fa\u6700\u4f18\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u63a8\u5bfc\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u65b9\u7a0b

    \u8003\u8651\u5b50\u95ee\u9898 \\(dp[i, j]\\) \uff0c\u5176\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u5c3e\u90e8\u5b57\u7b26\u4e3a \\(s[i-1]\\) \u548c \\(t[j-1]\\) \uff0c\u53ef\u6839\u636e\u4e0d\u540c\u7f16\u8f91\u64cd\u4f5c\u5206\u4e3a\u56fe 14-29 \u6240\u793a\u7684\u4e09\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u3002

    1. \u5728 \\(s[i-1]\\) \u4e4b\u540e\u6dfb\u52a0 \\(t[j-1]\\) \uff0c\u5219\u5269\u4f59\u5b50\u95ee\u9898 \\(dp[i, j-1]\\) \u3002
    2. \u5220\u9664 \\(s[i-1]\\) \uff0c\u5219\u5269\u4f59\u5b50\u95ee\u9898 \\(dp[i-1, j]\\) \u3002
    3. \u5c06 \\(s[i-1]\\) \u66ff\u6362\u4e3a \\(t[j-1]\\) \uff0c\u5219\u5269\u4f59\u5b50\u95ee\u9898 \\(dp[i-1, j-1]\\) \u3002

    \u56fe 14-29 \u00a0 \u7f16\u8f91\u8ddd\u79bb\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb

    \u6839\u636e\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u53ef\u5f97\u6700\u4f18\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a\\(dp[i, j]\\) \u7684\u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570\u7b49\u4e8e \\(dp[i, j-1]\\)\u3001\\(dp[i-1, j]\\)\u3001\\(dp[i-1, j-1]\\) \u4e09\u8005\u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570\uff0c\u518d\u52a0\u4e0a\u672c\u6b21\u7684\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 \\(1\\) \u3002\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u65b9\u7a0b\u4e3a\uff1a

    \\[ dp[i, j] = \\min(dp[i, j-1], dp[i-1, j], dp[i-1, j-1]) + 1 \\]

    \u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u5f53 \\(s[i-1]\\) \u548c \\(t[j-1]\\) \u76f8\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u65e0\u987b\u7f16\u8f91\u5f53\u524d\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u65b9\u7a0b\u4e3a\uff1a

    \\[ dp[i, j] = dp[i-1, j-1] \\]

    \u7b2c\u4e09\u6b65\uff1a\u786e\u5b9a\u8fb9\u754c\u6761\u4ef6\u548c\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u987a\u5e8f

    \u5f53\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u90fd\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\uff0c\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570\u4e3a \\(0\\) \uff0c\u5373 \\(dp[0, 0] = 0\\) \u3002\u5f53 \\(s\\) \u4e3a\u7a7a\u4f46 \\(t\\) \u4e0d\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\uff0c\u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570\u7b49\u4e8e \\(t\\) \u7684\u957f\u5ea6\uff0c\u5373\u9996\u884c \\(dp[0, j] = j\\) \u3002\u5f53 \\(s\\) \u4e0d\u4e3a\u7a7a\u4f46 \\(t\\) \u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\uff0c\u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570\u7b49\u4e8e \\(s\\) \u7684\u957f\u5ea6\uff0c\u5373\u9996\u5217 \\(dp[i, 0] = i\\) \u3002

    \u89c2\u5bdf\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u65b9\u7a0b\uff0c\u89e3 \\(dp[i, j]\\) \u4f9d\u8d56\u5de6\u65b9\u3001\u4e0a\u65b9\u3001\u5de6\u4e0a\u65b9\u7684\u89e3\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u901a\u8fc7\u4e24\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\u6b63\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u6574\u4e2a \\(dp\\) \u8868\u5373\u53ef\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/edit_distance_problem/#2","title":"2. \u00a0 \u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0","text":"PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig edit_distance.py
    def edit_distance_dp(s: str, t: str) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u7f16\u8f91\u8ddd\u79bb\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\"\"\"\n    n, m = len(s), len(t)\n    dp = [[0] * (m + 1) for _ in range(n + 1)]\n    # \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\u9996\u5217\n    for i in range(1, n + 1):\n        dp[i][0] = i\n    for j in range(1, m + 1):\n        dp[0][j] = j\n    # \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\u548c\u5217\n    for i in range(1, n + 1):\n        for j in range(1, m + 1):\n            if s[i - 1] == t[j - 1]:\n                # \u82e5\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7\u6b64\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\n                dp[i][j] = dp[i - 1][j - 1]\n            else:\n                # \u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 = \u63d2\u5165\u3001\u5220\u9664\u3001\u66ff\u6362\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 + 1\n                dp[i][j] = min(dp[i][j - 1], dp[i - 1][j], dp[i - 1][j - 1]) + 1\n    return dp[n][m]\n
    edit_distance.cpp
    /* \u7f16\u8f91\u8ddd\u79bb\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint editDistanceDP(string s, string t) {\n    int n = s.length(), m = t.length();\n    vector<vector<int>> dp(n + 1, vector<int>(m + 1, 0));\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\u9996\u5217\n    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        dp[i][0] = i;\n    }\n    for (int j = 1; j <= m; j++) {\n        dp[0][j] = j;\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\u548c\u5217\n    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        for (int j = 1; j <= m; j++) {\n            if (s[i - 1] == t[j - 1]) {\n                // \u82e5\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7\u6b64\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\n                dp[i][j] = dp[i - 1][j - 1];\n            } else {\n                // \u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 = \u63d2\u5165\u3001\u5220\u9664\u3001\u66ff\u6362\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 + 1\n                dp[i][j] = min(min(dp[i][j - 1], dp[i - 1][j]), dp[i - 1][j - 1]) + 1;\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[n][m];\n}\n
    edit_distance.java
    /* \u7f16\u8f91\u8ddd\u79bb\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint editDistanceDP(String s, String t) {\n    int n = s.length(), m = t.length();\n    int[][] dp = new int[n + 1][m + 1];\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\u9996\u5217\n    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        dp[i][0] = i;\n    }\n    for (int j = 1; j <= m; j++) {\n        dp[0][j] = j;\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\u548c\u5217\n    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        for (int j = 1; j <= m; j++) {\n            if (s.charAt(i - 1) == t.charAt(j - 1)) {\n                // \u82e5\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7\u6b64\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\n                dp[i][j] = dp[i - 1][j - 1];\n            } else {\n                // \u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 = \u63d2\u5165\u3001\u5220\u9664\u3001\u66ff\u6362\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 + 1\n                dp[i][j] = Math.min(Math.min(dp[i][j - 1], dp[i - 1][j]), dp[i - 1][j - 1]) + 1;\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[n][m];\n}\n
    edit_distance.cs
    /* \u7f16\u8f91\u8ddd\u79bb\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint EditDistanceDP(string s, string t) {\n    int n = s.Length, m = t.Length;\n    int[,] dp = new int[n + 1, m + 1];\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\u9996\u5217\n    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        dp[i, 0] = i;\n    }\n    for (int j = 1; j <= m; j++) {\n        dp[0, j] = j;\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\u548c\u5217\n    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        for (int j = 1; j <= m; j++) {\n            if (s[i - 1] == t[j - 1]) {\n                // \u82e5\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7\u6b64\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\n                dp[i, j] = dp[i - 1, j - 1];\n            } else {\n                // \u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 = \u63d2\u5165\u3001\u5220\u9664\u3001\u66ff\u6362\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 + 1\n                dp[i, j] = Math.Min(Math.Min(dp[i, j - 1], dp[i - 1, j]), dp[i - 1, j - 1]) + 1;\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[n, m];\n}\n
    edit_distance.go
    /* \u7f16\u8f91\u8ddd\u79bb\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunc editDistanceDP(s string, t string) int {\n    n := len(s)\n    m := len(t)\n    dp := make([][]int, n+1)\n    for i := 0; i <= n; i++ {\n        dp[i] = make([]int, m+1)\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\u9996\u5217\n    for i := 1; i <= n; i++ {\n        dp[i][0] = i\n    }\n    for j := 1; j <= m; j++ {\n        dp[0][j] = j\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\u548c\u5217\n    for i := 1; i <= n; i++ {\n        for j := 1; j <= m; j++ {\n            if s[i-1] == t[j-1] {\n                // \u82e5\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7\u6b64\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\n                dp[i][j] = dp[i-1][j-1]\n            } else {\n                // \u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 = \u63d2\u5165\u3001\u5220\u9664\u3001\u66ff\u6362\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 + 1\n                dp[i][j] = MinInt(MinInt(dp[i][j-1], dp[i-1][j]), dp[i-1][j-1]) + 1\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[n][m]\n}\n
    edit_distance.swift
    /* \u7f16\u8f91\u8ddd\u79bb\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunc editDistanceDP(s: String, t: String) -> Int {\n    let n = s.utf8CString.count\n    let m = t.utf8CString.count\n    var dp = Array(repeating: Array(repeating: 0, count: m + 1), count: n + 1)\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\u9996\u5217\n    for i in stride(from: 1, through: n, by: 1) {\n        dp[i][0] = i\n    }\n    for j in stride(from: 1, through: m, by: 1) {\n        dp[0][j] = j\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\u548c\u5217\n    for i in stride(from: 1, through: n, by: 1) {\n        for j in stride(from: 1, through: m, by: 1) {\n            if s.utf8CString[i - 1] == t.utf8CString[j - 1] {\n                // \u82e5\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7\u6b64\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\n                dp[i][j] = dp[i - 1][j - 1]\n            } else {\n                // \u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 = \u63d2\u5165\u3001\u5220\u9664\u3001\u66ff\u6362\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 + 1\n                dp[i][j] = min(min(dp[i][j - 1], dp[i - 1][j]), dp[i - 1][j - 1]) + 1\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[n][m]\n}\n
    edit_distance.js
    /* \u7f16\u8f91\u8ddd\u79bb\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunction editDistanceDP(s, t) {\n    const n = s.length,\n        m = t.length;\n    const dp = Array.from({ length: n + 1 }, () => new Array(m + 1).fill(0));\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\u9996\u5217\n    for (let i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        dp[i][0] = i;\n    }\n    for (let j = 1; j <= m; j++) {\n        dp[0][j] = j;\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\u548c\u5217\n    for (let i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        for (let j = 1; j <= m; j++) {\n            if (s.charAt(i - 1) === t.charAt(j - 1)) {\n                // \u82e5\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7\u6b64\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\n                dp[i][j] = dp[i - 1][j - 1];\n            } else {\n                // \u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 = \u63d2\u5165\u3001\u5220\u9664\u3001\u66ff\u6362\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 + 1\n                dp[i][j] =\n                    Math.min(dp[i][j - 1], dp[i - 1][j], dp[i - 1][j - 1]) + 1;\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[n][m];\n}\n
    edit_distance.ts
    /* \u7f16\u8f91\u8ddd\u79bb\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunction editDistanceDP(s: string, t: string): number {\n    const n = s.length,\n        m = t.length;\n    const dp = Array.from({ length: n + 1 }, () =>\n        Array.from({ length: m + 1 }, () => 0)\n    );\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\u9996\u5217\n    for (let i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        dp[i][0] = i;\n    }\n    for (let j = 1; j <= m; j++) {\n        dp[0][j] = j;\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\u548c\u5217\n    for (let i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        for (let j = 1; j <= m; j++) {\n            if (s.charAt(i - 1) === t.charAt(j - 1)) {\n                // \u82e5\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7\u6b64\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\n                dp[i][j] = dp[i - 1][j - 1];\n            } else {\n                // \u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 = \u63d2\u5165\u3001\u5220\u9664\u3001\u66ff\u6362\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 + 1\n                dp[i][j] =\n                    Math.min(dp[i][j - 1], dp[i - 1][j], dp[i - 1][j - 1]) + 1;\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[n][m];\n}\n
    edit_distance.dart
    /* \u7f16\u8f91\u8ddd\u79bb\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint editDistanceDP(String s, String t) {\n  int n = s.length, m = t.length;\n  List<List<int>> dp = List.generate(n + 1, (_) => List.filled(m + 1, 0));\n  // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\u9996\u5217\n  for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n    dp[i][0] = i;\n  }\n  for (int j = 1; j <= m; j++) {\n    dp[0][j] = j;\n  }\n  // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\u548c\u5217\n  for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n    for (int j = 1; j <= m; j++) {\n      if (s[i - 1] == t[j - 1]) {\n        // \u82e5\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7\u6b64\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\n        dp[i][j] = dp[i - 1][j - 1];\n      } else {\n        // \u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 = \u63d2\u5165\u3001\u5220\u9664\u3001\u66ff\u6362\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 + 1\n        dp[i][j] = min(min(dp[i][j - 1], dp[i - 1][j]), dp[i - 1][j - 1]) + 1;\n      }\n    }\n  }\n  return dp[n][m];\n}\n
    edit_distance.rs
    /* \u7f16\u8f91\u8ddd\u79bb\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfn edit_distance_dp(s: &str, t: &str) -> i32 {\n    let (n, m) = (s.len(), t.len());\n    let mut dp = vec![vec![0; m + 1]; n + 1];\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\u9996\u5217\n    for i in 1..= n {\n        dp[i][0] = i as i32;\n    }\n    for j in 1..m {\n        dp[0][j] = j as i32;\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\u548c\u5217\n    for i in 1..=n {\n        for j in 1..=m {\n            if s.chars().nth(i - 1) == t.chars().nth(j - 1) {\n                // \u82e5\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7\u6b64\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\n                dp[i][j] = dp[i - 1][j - 1];\n            } else {\n                // \u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 = \u63d2\u5165\u3001\u5220\u9664\u3001\u66ff\u6362\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 + 1\n                dp[i][j] = std::cmp::min(std::cmp::min(dp[i][j - 1], dp[i - 1][j]), dp[i - 1][j - 1]) + 1;\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    dp[n][m]\n}\n
    edit_distance.c
    /* \u7f16\u8f91\u8ddd\u79bb\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint editDistanceDP(char *s, char *t, int n, int m) {\n    int **dp = malloc((n + 1) * sizeof(int *));\n    for (int i = 0; i <= n; i++) {\n        dp[i] = calloc(m + 1, sizeof(int));\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\u9996\u5217\n    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        dp[i][0] = i;\n    }\n    for (int j = 1; j <= m; j++) {\n        dp[0][j] = j;\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\u548c\u5217\n    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        for (int j = 1; j <= m; j++) {\n            if (s[i - 1] == t[j - 1]) {\n                // \u82e5\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7\u6b64\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\n                dp[i][j] = dp[i - 1][j - 1];\n            } else {\n                // \u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 = \u63d2\u5165\u3001\u5220\u9664\u3001\u66ff\u6362\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 + 1\n                dp[i][j] = myMin(myMin(dp[i][j - 1], dp[i - 1][j]), dp[i - 1][j - 1]) + 1;\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    int res = dp[n][m];\n    // \u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\n    for (int i = 0; i <= n; i++) {\n        free(dp[i]);\n    }\n    return res;\n}\n
    edit_distance.zig
    // \u7f16\u8f91\u8ddd\u79bb\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\nfn editDistanceDP(comptime s: []const u8, comptime t: []const u8) i32 {\n    comptime var n = s.len;\n    comptime var m = t.len;\n    var dp = [_][m + 1]i32{[_]i32{0} ** (m + 1)} ** (n + 1);\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\u9996\u5217\n    for (1..n + 1) |i| {\n        dp[i][0] = @intCast(i);\n    }\n    for (1..m + 1) |j| {\n        dp[0][j] = @intCast(j);\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\u548c\u5217\n    for (1..n + 1) |i| {\n        for (1..m + 1) |j| {\n            if (s[i - 1] == t[j - 1]) {\n                // \u82e5\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7\u6b64\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\n                dp[i][j] = dp[i - 1][j - 1];\n            } else {\n                // \u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 = \u63d2\u5165\u3001\u5220\u9664\u3001\u66ff\u6362\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 + 1\n                dp[i][j] = @min(@min(dp[i][j - 1], dp[i - 1][j]), dp[i - 1][j - 1]) + 1;\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[n][m];\n}\n

    \u5982\u56fe 14-30 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u7f16\u8f91\u8ddd\u79bb\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e0e\u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898\u975e\u5e38\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u4f5c\u586b\u5199\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8c\u7ef4\u7f51\u683c\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002

    <1><2><3><4><5><6><7><8><9><10><11><12><13><14><15>

    \u56fe 14-30 \u00a0 \u7f16\u8f91\u8ddd\u79bb\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u8fc7\u7a0b

    "},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/edit_distance_problem/#3","title":"3. \u00a0 \u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316","text":"

    \u7531\u4e8e \\(dp[i,j]\\) \u662f\u7531\u4e0a\u65b9 \\(dp[i-1, j]\\)\u3001\u5de6\u65b9 \\(dp[i, j-1]\\)\u3001\u5de6\u4e0a\u65b9 \\(dp[i-1, j-1]\\) \u8f6c\u79fb\u800c\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u6b63\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u4f1a\u4e22\u5931\u5de6\u4e0a\u65b9 \\(dp[i-1, j-1]\\) \uff0c\u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u65e0\u6cd5\u63d0\u524d\u6784\u5efa \\(dp[i, j-1]\\) \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e24\u79cd\u904d\u5386\u987a\u5e8f\u90fd\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d6\u3002

    \u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf leftup \u6765\u6682\u5b58\u5de6\u4e0a\u65b9\u7684\u89e3 \\(dp[i-1, j-1]\\) \uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u53ea\u9700\u8003\u8651\u5de6\u65b9\u548c\u4e0a\u65b9\u7684\u89e3\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0e\u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u53ef\u4f7f\u7528\u6b63\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u3002\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig edit_distance.py
    def edit_distance_dp_comp(s: str, t: str) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u7f16\u8f91\u8ddd\u79bb\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\"\"\"\n    n, m = len(s), len(t)\n    dp = [0] * (m + 1)\n    # \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\n    for j in range(1, m + 1):\n        dp[j] = j\n    # \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\n    for i in range(1, n + 1):\n        # \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u5217\n        leftup = dp[0]  # \u6682\u5b58 dp[i-1, j-1]\n        dp[0] += 1\n        # \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u5217\n        for j in range(1, m + 1):\n            temp = dp[j]\n            if s[i - 1] == t[j - 1]:\n                # \u82e5\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7\u6b64\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\n                dp[j] = leftup\n            else:\n                # \u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 = \u63d2\u5165\u3001\u5220\u9664\u3001\u66ff\u6362\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 + 1\n                dp[j] = min(dp[j - 1], dp[j], leftup) + 1\n            leftup = temp  # \u66f4\u65b0\u4e3a\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u7684 dp[i-1, j-1]\n    return dp[m]\n
    edit_distance.cpp
    /* \u7f16\u8f91\u8ddd\u79bb\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint editDistanceDPComp(string s, string t) {\n    int n = s.length(), m = t.length();\n    vector<int> dp(m + 1, 0);\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\n    for (int j = 1; j <= m; j++) {\n        dp[j] = j;\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\n    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u5217\n        int leftup = dp[0]; // \u6682\u5b58 dp[i-1, j-1]\n        dp[0] = i;\n        // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u5217\n        for (int j = 1; j <= m; j++) {\n            int temp = dp[j];\n            if (s[i - 1] == t[j - 1]) {\n                // \u82e5\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7\u6b64\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\n                dp[j] = leftup;\n            } else {\n                // \u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 = \u63d2\u5165\u3001\u5220\u9664\u3001\u66ff\u6362\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 + 1\n                dp[j] = min(min(dp[j - 1], dp[j]), leftup) + 1;\n            }\n            leftup = temp; // \u66f4\u65b0\u4e3a\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u7684 dp[i-1, j-1]\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[m];\n}\n
    edit_distance.java
    /* \u7f16\u8f91\u8ddd\u79bb\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint editDistanceDPComp(String s, String t) {\n    int n = s.length(), m = t.length();\n    int[] dp = new int[m + 1];\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\n    for (int j = 1; j <= m; j++) {\n        dp[j] = j;\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\n    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u5217\n        int leftup = dp[0]; // \u6682\u5b58 dp[i-1, j-1]\n        dp[0] = i;\n        // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u5217\n        for (int j = 1; j <= m; j++) {\n            int temp = dp[j];\n            if (s.charAt(i - 1) == t.charAt(j - 1)) {\n                // \u82e5\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7\u6b64\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\n                dp[j] = leftup;\n            } else {\n                // \u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 = \u63d2\u5165\u3001\u5220\u9664\u3001\u66ff\u6362\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 + 1\n                dp[j] = Math.min(Math.min(dp[j - 1], dp[j]), leftup) + 1;\n            }\n            leftup = temp; // \u66f4\u65b0\u4e3a\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u7684 dp[i-1, j-1]\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[m];\n}\n
    edit_distance.cs
    /* \u7f16\u8f91\u8ddd\u79bb\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint EditDistanceDPComp(string s, string t) {\n    int n = s.Length, m = t.Length;\n    int[] dp = new int[m + 1];\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\n    for (int j = 1; j <= m; j++) {\n        dp[j] = j;\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\n    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u5217\n        int leftup = dp[0]; // \u6682\u5b58 dp[i-1, j-1]\n        dp[0] = i;\n        // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u5217\n        for (int j = 1; j <= m; j++) {\n            int temp = dp[j];\n            if (s[i - 1] == t[j - 1]) {\n                // \u82e5\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7\u6b64\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\n                dp[j] = leftup;\n            } else {\n                // \u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 = \u63d2\u5165\u3001\u5220\u9664\u3001\u66ff\u6362\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 + 1\n                dp[j] = Math.Min(Math.Min(dp[j - 1], dp[j]), leftup) + 1;\n            }\n            leftup = temp; // \u66f4\u65b0\u4e3a\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u7684 dp[i-1, j-1]\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[m];\n}\n
    edit_distance.go
    /* \u7f16\u8f91\u8ddd\u79bb\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunc editDistanceDPComp(s string, t string) int {\n    n := len(s)\n    m := len(t)\n    dp := make([]int, m+1)\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\n    for j := 1; j <= m; j++ {\n        dp[j] = j\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\n    for i := 1; i <= n; i++ {\n        // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u5217\n        leftUp := dp[0] // \u6682\u5b58 dp[i-1, j-1]\n        dp[0] = i\n        // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u5217\n        for j := 1; j <= m; j++ {\n            temp := dp[j]\n            if s[i-1] == t[j-1] {\n                // \u82e5\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7\u6b64\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\n                dp[j] = leftUp\n            } else {\n                // \u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 = \u63d2\u5165\u3001\u5220\u9664\u3001\u66ff\u6362\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 + 1\n                dp[j] = MinInt(MinInt(dp[j-1], dp[j]), leftUp) + 1\n            }\n            leftUp = temp // \u66f4\u65b0\u4e3a\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u7684 dp[i-1, j-1]\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[m]\n}\n
    edit_distance.swift
    /* \u7f16\u8f91\u8ddd\u79bb\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunc editDistanceDPComp(s: String, t: String) -> Int {\n    let n = s.utf8CString.count\n    let m = t.utf8CString.count\n    var dp = Array(repeating: 0, count: m + 1)\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\n    for j in stride(from: 1, through: m, by: 1) {\n        dp[j] = j\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\n    for i in stride(from: 1, through: n, by: 1) {\n        // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u5217\n        var leftup = dp[0] // \u6682\u5b58 dp[i-1, j-1]\n        dp[0] = i\n        // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u5217\n        for j in stride(from: 1, through: m, by: 1) {\n            let temp = dp[j]\n            if s.utf8CString[i - 1] == t.utf8CString[j - 1] {\n                // \u82e5\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7\u6b64\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\n                dp[j] = leftup\n            } else {\n                // \u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 = \u63d2\u5165\u3001\u5220\u9664\u3001\u66ff\u6362\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 + 1\n                dp[j] = min(min(dp[j - 1], dp[j]), leftup) + 1\n            }\n            leftup = temp // \u66f4\u65b0\u4e3a\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u7684 dp[i-1, j-1]\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[m]\n}\n
    edit_distance.js
    /* \u7f16\u8f91\u8ddd\u79bb\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunction editDistanceDPComp(s, t) {\n    const n = s.length,\n        m = t.length;\n    const dp = new Array(m + 1).fill(0);\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\n    for (let j = 1; j <= m; j++) {\n        dp[j] = j;\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\n    for (let i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u5217\n        let leftup = dp[0]; // \u6682\u5b58 dp[i-1, j-1]\n        dp[0] = i;\n        // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u5217\n        for (let j = 1; j <= m; j++) {\n            const temp = dp[j];\n            if (s.charAt(i - 1) === t.charAt(j - 1)) {\n                // \u82e5\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7\u6b64\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\n                dp[j] = leftup;\n            } else {\n                // \u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 = \u63d2\u5165\u3001\u5220\u9664\u3001\u66ff\u6362\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 + 1\n                dp[j] = Math.min(dp[j - 1], dp[j], leftup) + 1;\n            }\n            leftup = temp; // \u66f4\u65b0\u4e3a\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u7684 dp[i-1, j-1]\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[m];\n}\n
    edit_distance.ts
    /* \u7f16\u8f91\u8ddd\u79bb\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunction editDistanceDPComp(s: string, t: string): number {\n    const n = s.length,\n        m = t.length;\n    const dp = new Array(m + 1).fill(0);\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\n    for (let j = 1; j <= m; j++) {\n        dp[j] = j;\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\n    for (let i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u5217\n        let leftup = dp[0]; // \u6682\u5b58 dp[i-1, j-1]\n        dp[0] = i;\n        // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u5217\n        for (let j = 1; j <= m; j++) {\n            const temp = dp[j];\n            if (s.charAt(i - 1) === t.charAt(j - 1)) {\n                // \u82e5\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7\u6b64\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\n                dp[j] = leftup;\n            } else {\n                // \u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 = \u63d2\u5165\u3001\u5220\u9664\u3001\u66ff\u6362\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 + 1\n                dp[j] = Math.min(dp[j - 1], dp[j], leftup) + 1;\n            }\n            leftup = temp; // \u66f4\u65b0\u4e3a\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u7684 dp[i-1, j-1]\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[m];\n}\n
    edit_distance.dart
    /* \u7f16\u8f91\u8ddd\u79bb\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint editDistanceDPComp(String s, String t) {\n  int n = s.length, m = t.length;\n  List<int> dp = List.filled(m + 1, 0);\n  // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\n  for (int j = 1; j <= m; j++) {\n    dp[j] = j;\n  }\n  // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\n  for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u5217\n    int leftup = dp[0]; // \u6682\u5b58 dp[i-1, j-1]\n    dp[0] = i;\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u5217\n    for (int j = 1; j <= m; j++) {\n      int temp = dp[j];\n      if (s[i - 1] == t[j - 1]) {\n        // \u82e5\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7\u6b64\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\n        dp[j] = leftup;\n      } else {\n        // \u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 = \u63d2\u5165\u3001\u5220\u9664\u3001\u66ff\u6362\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 + 1\n        dp[j] = min(min(dp[j - 1], dp[j]), leftup) + 1;\n      }\n      leftup = temp; // \u66f4\u65b0\u4e3a\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u7684 dp[i-1, j-1]\n    }\n  }\n  return dp[m];\n}\n
    edit_distance.rs
    /* \u7f16\u8f91\u8ddd\u79bb\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfn edit_distance_dp_comp(s: &str, t: &str) -> i32 {\n    let (n, m) = (s.len(), t.len());\n    let mut dp = vec![0; m + 1];\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\n    for j in 1..m {\n        dp[j] = j as i32;\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\n    for i in 1..=n {\n        // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u5217\n        let mut leftup = dp[0]; // \u6682\u5b58 dp[i-1, j-1]\n        dp[0] = i as i32;\n        // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u5217\n        for j in 1..=m {\n            let temp = dp[j];\n            if s.chars().nth(i - 1) == t.chars().nth(j - 1) {\n                // \u82e5\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7\u6b64\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\n                dp[j] = leftup;\n            } else {\n                // \u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 = \u63d2\u5165\u3001\u5220\u9664\u3001\u66ff\u6362\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 + 1\n                dp[j] = std::cmp::min(std::cmp::min(dp[j - 1], dp[j]), leftup) + 1;\n            }\n            leftup = temp; // \u66f4\u65b0\u4e3a\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u7684 dp[i-1, j-1]\n        }\n    }\n    dp[m]\n}\n
    edit_distance.c
    /* \u7f16\u8f91\u8ddd\u79bb\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint editDistanceDPComp(char *s, char *t, int n, int m) {\n    int *dp = calloc(m + 1, sizeof(int));\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\n    for (int j = 1; j <= m; j++) {\n        dp[j] = j;\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\n    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u5217\n        int leftup = dp[0]; // \u6682\u5b58 dp[i-1, j-1]\n        dp[0] = i;\n        // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u5217\n        for (int j = 1; j <= m; j++) {\n            int temp = dp[j];\n            if (s[i - 1] == t[j - 1]) {\n                // \u82e5\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7\u6b64\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\n                dp[j] = leftup;\n            } else {\n                // \u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 = \u63d2\u5165\u3001\u5220\u9664\u3001\u66ff\u6362\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 + 1\n                dp[j] = myMin(myMin(dp[j - 1], dp[j]), leftup) + 1;\n            }\n            leftup = temp; // \u66f4\u65b0\u4e3a\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u7684 dp[i-1, j-1]\n        }\n    }\n    int res = dp[m];\n    // \u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\n    free(dp);\n    return res;\n}\n
    edit_distance.zig
    // \u7f16\u8f91\u8ddd\u79bb\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\nfn editDistanceDPComp(comptime s: []const u8, comptime t: []const u8) i32 {\n    comptime var n = s.len;\n    comptime var m = t.len;\n    var dp = [_]i32{0} ** (m + 1);\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\n    for (1..m + 1) |j| {\n        dp[j] = @intCast(j);\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\n    for (1..n + 1) |i| {\n        // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u5217\n        var leftup = dp[0]; // \u6682\u5b58 dp[i-1, j-1]\n        dp[0] = @intCast(i);\n        // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u5217\n        for (1..m + 1) |j| {\n            var temp = dp[j];\n            if (s[i - 1] == t[j - 1]) {\n                // \u82e5\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8fc7\u6b64\u4e24\u5b57\u7b26\n                dp[j] = leftup;\n            } else {\n                // \u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 = \u63d2\u5165\u3001\u5220\u9664\u3001\u66ff\u6362\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570 + 1\n                dp[j] = @min(@min(dp[j - 1], dp[j]), leftup) + 1;\n            }\n            leftup = temp; // \u66f4\u65b0\u4e3a\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f6e\u7684 dp[i-1, j-1]\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[m];\n}\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/intro_to_dynamic_programming/","title":"14.1 \u00a0 \u521d\u63a2\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212","text":"

    \u300c\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 dynamic programming\u300d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u8303\u5f0f\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u5206\u89e3\u4e3a\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u66f4\u5c0f\u7684\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u6765\u907f\u514d\u91cd\u590d\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5927\u5e45\u63d0\u5347\u65f6\u95f4\u6548\u7387\u3002

    \u5728\u672c\u8282\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ecf\u5178\u4f8b\u9898\u5165\u624b\uff0c\u5148\u7ed9\u51fa\u5b83\u7684\u66b4\u529b\u56de\u6eaf\u89e3\u6cd5\uff0c\u89c2\u5bdf\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u7684\u91cd\u53e0\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u518d\u9010\u6b65\u5bfc\u51fa\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u89e3\u6cd5\u3002

    \u722c\u697c\u68af

    \u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5171\u6709 \\(n\\) \u9636\u7684\u697c\u68af\uff0c\u4f60\u6bcf\u6b65\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0a \\(1\\) \u9636\u6216\u8005 \\(2\\) \u9636\uff0c\u8bf7\u95ee\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u53ef\u4ee5\u722c\u5230\u697c\u9876\uff1f

    \u5982\u56fe 14-1 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a \\(3\\) \u9636\u697c\u68af\uff0c\u5171\u6709 \\(3\\) \u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u53ef\u4ee5\u722c\u5230\u697c\u9876\u3002

    \u56fe 14-1 \u00a0 \u722c\u5230\u7b2c 3 \u9636\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u91cf

    \u672c\u9898\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u6c42\u89e3\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8003\u8651\u901a\u8fc7\u56de\u6eaf\u6765\u7a77\u4e3e\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5c06\u722c\u697c\u68af\u60f3\u8c61\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u591a\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff1a\u4ece\u5730\u9762\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u6bcf\u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\u4e0a \\(1\\) \u9636\u6216 \\(2\\) \u9636\uff0c\u6bcf\u5f53\u5230\u8fbe\u697c\u68af\u9876\u90e8\u65f6\u5c31\u5c06\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u91cf\u52a0 \\(1\\) \uff0c\u5f53\u8d8a\u8fc7\u697c\u68af\u9876\u90e8\u65f6\u5c31\u5c06\u5176\u526a\u679d\u3002\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig climbing_stairs_backtrack.py
    def backtrack(choices: list[int], state: int, n: int, res: list[int]) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u56de\u6eaf\"\"\"\n    # \u5f53\u722c\u5230\u7b2c n \u9636\u65f6\uff0c\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u91cf\u52a0 1\n    if state == n:\n        res[0] += 1\n    # \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    for choice in choices:\n        # \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u8d8a\u8fc7\u7b2c n \u9636\n        if state + choice > n:\n            continue\n        # \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\n        backtrack(choices, state + choice, n, res)\n        # \u56de\u9000\n\ndef climbing_stairs_backtrack(n: int) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u56de\u6eaf\"\"\"\n    choices = [1, 2]  # \u53ef\u9009\u62e9\u5411\u4e0a\u722c 1 \u9636\u6216 2 \u9636\n    state = 0  # \u4ece\u7b2c 0 \u9636\u5f00\u59cb\u722c\n    res = [0]  # \u4f7f\u7528 res[0] \u8bb0\u5f55\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u91cf\n    backtrack(choices, state, n, res)\n    return res[0]\n
    climbing_stairs_backtrack.cpp
    /* \u56de\u6eaf */\nvoid backtrack(vector<int> &choices, int state, int n, vector<int> &res) {\n    // \u5f53\u722c\u5230\u7b2c n \u9636\u65f6\uff0c\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u91cf\u52a0 1\n    if (state == n)\n        res[0]++;\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    for (auto &choice : choices) {\n        // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u8d8a\u8fc7\u7b2c n \u9636\n        if (state + choice > n)\n            continue;\n        // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\n        backtrack(choices, state + choice, n, res);\n        // \u56de\u9000\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u56de\u6eaf */\nint climbingStairsBacktrack(int n) {\n    vector<int> choices = {1, 2}; // \u53ef\u9009\u62e9\u5411\u4e0a\u722c 1 \u9636\u6216 2 \u9636\n    int state = 0;                // \u4ece\u7b2c 0 \u9636\u5f00\u59cb\u722c\n    vector<int> res = {0};        // \u4f7f\u7528 res[0] \u8bb0\u5f55\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u91cf\n    backtrack(choices, state, n, res);\n    return res[0];\n}\n
    climbing_stairs_backtrack.java
    /* \u56de\u6eaf */\nvoid backtrack(List<Integer> choices, int state, int n, List<Integer> res) {\n    // \u5f53\u722c\u5230\u7b2c n \u9636\u65f6\uff0c\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u91cf\u52a0 1\n    if (state == n)\n        res.set(0, res.get(0) + 1);\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    for (Integer choice : choices) {\n        // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u8d8a\u8fc7\u7b2c n \u9636\n        if (state + choice > n)\n            continue;\n        // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\n        backtrack(choices, state + choice, n, res);\n        // \u56de\u9000\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u56de\u6eaf */\nint climbingStairsBacktrack(int n) {\n    List<Integer> choices = Arrays.asList(1, 2); // \u53ef\u9009\u62e9\u5411\u4e0a\u722c 1 \u9636\u6216 2 \u9636\n    int state = 0; // \u4ece\u7b2c 0 \u9636\u5f00\u59cb\u722c\n    List<Integer> res = new ArrayList<>();\n    res.add(0); // \u4f7f\u7528 res[0] \u8bb0\u5f55\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u91cf\n    backtrack(choices, state, n, res);\n    return res.get(0);\n}\n
    climbing_stairs_backtrack.cs
    /* \u56de\u6eaf */\nvoid Backtrack(List<int> choices, int state, int n, List<int> res) {\n    // \u5f53\u722c\u5230\u7b2c n \u9636\u65f6\uff0c\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u91cf\u52a0 1\n    if (state == n)\n        res[0]++;\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    foreach (int choice in choices) {\n        // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u8d8a\u8fc7\u7b2c n \u9636\n        if (state + choice > n)\n            continue;\n        // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\n        Backtrack(choices, state + choice, n, res);\n        // \u56de\u9000\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u56de\u6eaf */\nint ClimbingStairsBacktrack(int n) {\n    List<int> choices = [1, 2]; // \u53ef\u9009\u62e9\u5411\u4e0a\u722c 1 \u9636\u6216 2 \u9636\n    int state = 0; // \u4ece\u7b2c 0 \u9636\u5f00\u59cb\u722c\n    List<int> res = [0]; // \u4f7f\u7528 res[0] \u8bb0\u5f55\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u91cf\n    Backtrack(choices, state, n, res);\n    return res[0];\n}\n
    climbing_stairs_backtrack.go
    /* \u56de\u6eaf */\nfunc backtrack(choices []int, state, n int, res []int) {\n    // \u5f53\u722c\u5230\u7b2c n \u9636\u65f6\uff0c\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u91cf\u52a0 1\n    if state == n {\n        res[0] = res[0] + 1\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    for _, choice := range choices {\n        // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u8d8a\u8fc7\u7b2c n \u9636\n        if state+choice > n {\n            continue\n        }\n        // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\n        backtrack(choices, state+choice, n, res)\n        // \u56de\u9000\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u56de\u6eaf */\nfunc climbingStairsBacktrack(n int) int {\n    // \u53ef\u9009\u62e9\u5411\u4e0a\u722c 1 \u9636\u6216 2 \u9636\n    choices := []int{1, 2}\n    // \u4ece\u7b2c 0 \u9636\u5f00\u59cb\u722c\n    state := 0\n    res := make([]int, 1)\n    // \u4f7f\u7528 res[0] \u8bb0\u5f55\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u91cf\n    res[0] = 0\n    backtrack(choices, state, n, res)\n    return res[0]\n}\n
    climbing_stairs_backtrack.swift
    /* \u56de\u6eaf */\nfunc backtrack(choices: [Int], state: Int, n: Int, res: inout [Int]) {\n    // \u5f53\u722c\u5230\u7b2c n \u9636\u65f6\uff0c\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u91cf\u52a0 1\n    if state == n {\n        res[0] += 1\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    for choice in choices {\n        // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u8d8a\u8fc7\u7b2c n \u9636\n        if state + choice > n {\n            continue\n        }\n        backtrack(choices: choices, state: state + choice, n: n, res: &res)\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u56de\u6eaf */\nfunc climbingStairsBacktrack(n: Int) -> Int {\n    let choices = [1, 2] // \u53ef\u9009\u62e9\u5411\u4e0a\u722c 1 \u9636\u6216 2 \u9636\n    let state = 0 // \u4ece\u7b2c 0 \u9636\u5f00\u59cb\u722c\n    var res: [Int] = []\n    res.append(0) // \u4f7f\u7528 res[0] \u8bb0\u5f55\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u91cf\n    backtrack(choices: choices, state: state, n: n, res: &res)\n    return res[0]\n}\n
    climbing_stairs_backtrack.js
    /* \u56de\u6eaf */\nfunction backtrack(choices, state, n, res) {\n    // \u5f53\u722c\u5230\u7b2c n \u9636\u65f6\uff0c\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u91cf\u52a0 1\n    if (state === n) res.set(0, res.get(0) + 1);\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    for (const choice of choices) {\n        // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u8d8a\u8fc7\u7b2c n \u9636\n        if (state + choice > n) continue;\n        // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\n        backtrack(choices, state + choice, n, res);\n        // \u56de\u9000\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u56de\u6eaf */\nfunction climbingStairsBacktrack(n) {\n    const choices = [1, 2]; // \u53ef\u9009\u62e9\u5411\u4e0a\u722c 1 \u9636\u6216 2 \u9636\n    const state = 0; // \u4ece\u7b2c 0 \u9636\u5f00\u59cb\u722c\n    const res = new Map();\n    res.set(0, 0); // \u4f7f\u7528 res[0] \u8bb0\u5f55\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u91cf\n    backtrack(choices, state, n, res);\n    return res.get(0);\n}\n
    climbing_stairs_backtrack.ts
    /* \u56de\u6eaf */\nfunction backtrack(\n    choices: number[],\n    state: number,\n    n: number,\n    res: Map<0, any>\n): void {\n    // \u5f53\u722c\u5230\u7b2c n \u9636\u65f6\uff0c\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u91cf\u52a0 1\n    if (state === n) res.set(0, res.get(0) + 1);\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    for (const choice of choices) {\n        // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u8d8a\u8fc7\u7b2c n \u9636\n        if (state + choice > n) continue;\n        // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\n        backtrack(choices, state + choice, n, res);\n        // \u56de\u9000\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u56de\u6eaf */\nfunction climbingStairsBacktrack(n: number): number {\n    const choices = [1, 2]; // \u53ef\u9009\u62e9\u5411\u4e0a\u722c 1 \u9636\u6216 2 \u9636\n    const state = 0; // \u4ece\u7b2c 0 \u9636\u5f00\u59cb\u722c\n    const res = new Map();\n    res.set(0, 0); // \u4f7f\u7528 res[0] \u8bb0\u5f55\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u91cf\n    backtrack(choices, state, n, res);\n    return res.get(0);\n}\n
    climbing_stairs_backtrack.dart
    /* \u56de\u6eaf */\nvoid backtrack(List<int> choices, int state, int n, List<int> res) {\n  // \u5f53\u722c\u5230\u7b2c n \u9636\u65f6\uff0c\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u91cf\u52a0 1\n  if (state == n) {\n    res[0]++;\n  }\n  // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n  for (int choice in choices) {\n    // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u8d8a\u8fc7\u7b2c n \u9636\n    if (state + choice > n) continue;\n    // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\n    backtrack(choices, state + choice, n, res);\n    // \u56de\u9000\n  }\n}\n\n/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u56de\u6eaf */\nint climbingStairsBacktrack(int n) {\n  List<int> choices = [1, 2]; // \u53ef\u9009\u62e9\u5411\u4e0a\u722c 1 \u9636\u6216 2 \u9636\n  int state = 0; // \u4ece\u7b2c 0 \u9636\u5f00\u59cb\u722c\n  List<int> res = [];\n  res.add(0); // \u4f7f\u7528 res[0] \u8bb0\u5f55\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u91cf\n  backtrack(choices, state, n, res);\n  return res[0];\n}\n
    climbing_stairs_backtrack.rs
    /* \u56de\u6eaf */\nfn backtrack(choices: &[i32], state: i32, n: i32, res: &mut [i32]) {\n    // \u5f53\u722c\u5230\u7b2c n \u9636\u65f6\uff0c\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u91cf\u52a0 1\n    if state == n { res[0] = res[0] + 1; }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    for &choice in choices {\n        // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u8d8a\u8fc7\u7b2c n \u9636\n        if state + choice > n { continue; }\n        // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\n        backtrack(choices, state + choice, n, res);\n        // \u56de\u9000\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u56de\u6eaf */\nfn climbing_stairs_backtrack(n: usize) -> i32 {\n    let choices = vec![ 1, 2 ]; // \u53ef\u9009\u62e9\u5411\u4e0a\u722c 1 \u9636\u6216 2 \u9636\n    let state = 0; // \u4ece\u7b2c 0 \u9636\u5f00\u59cb\u722c\n    let mut res = Vec::new();\n    res.push(0); // \u4f7f\u7528 res[0] \u8bb0\u5f55\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u91cf\n    backtrack(&choices, state, n as i32, &mut res);\n    res[0]\n}\n
    climbing_stairs_backtrack.c
    /* \u56de\u6eaf */\nvoid backtrack(int *choices, int state, int n, int *res, int len) {\n    // \u5f53\u722c\u5230\u7b2c n \u9636\u65f6\uff0c\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u91cf\u52a0 1\n    if (state == n)\n        res[0]++;\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {\n        int choice = choices[i];\n        // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u8d8a\u8fc7\u7b2c n \u9636\n        if (state + choice > n)\n            continue;\n        // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\n        backtrack(choices, state + choice, n, res, len);\n        // \u56de\u9000\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u56de\u6eaf */\nint climbingStairsBacktrack(int n) {\n    int choices[2] = {1, 2}; // \u53ef\u9009\u62e9\u5411\u4e0a\u722c 1 \u9636\u6216 2 \u9636\n    int state = 0;           // \u4ece\u7b2c 0 \u9636\u5f00\u59cb\u722c\n    int *res = (int *)malloc(sizeof(int));\n    *res = 0; // \u4f7f\u7528 res[0] \u8bb0\u5f55\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u91cf\n    int len = sizeof(choices) / sizeof(int);\n    backtrack(choices, state, n, res, len);\n    int result = *res;\n    free(res);\n    return result;\n}\n
    climbing_stairs_backtrack.zig
    // \u56de\u6eaf\nfn backtrack(choices: []i32, state: i32, n: i32, res: std.ArrayList(i32)) void {\n    // \u5f53\u722c\u5230\u7b2c n \u9636\u65f6\uff0c\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u91cf\u52a0 1\n    if (state == n) {\n        res.items[0] = res.items[0] + 1;\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u9009\u62e9\n    for (choices) |choice| {\n        // \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u8d8a\u8fc7\u7b2c n \u9636\n        if (state + choice > n) {\n            continue;\n        }\n        // \u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\n        backtrack(choices, state + choice, n, res);\n        // \u56de\u9000\n    }\n}\n\n// \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u56de\u6eaf\nfn climbingStairsBacktrack(n: usize) !i32 {\n    var choices = [_]i32{ 1, 2 }; // \u53ef\u9009\u62e9\u5411\u4e0a\u722c 1 \u9636\u6216 2 \u9636\n    var state: i32 = 0; // \u4ece\u7b2c 0 \u9636\u5f00\u59cb\u722c\n    var res = std.ArrayList(i32).init(std.heap.page_allocator);\n    defer res.deinit();\n    try res.append(0); // \u4f7f\u7528 res[0] \u8bb0\u5f55\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u91cf\n    backtrack(&choices, state, @intCast(n), res);\n    return res.items[0];\n}\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/intro_to_dynamic_programming/#1411","title":"14.1.1 \u00a0 \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e00\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22","text":"

    \u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\u901a\u5e38\u5e76\u4e0d\u663e\u5f0f\u5730\u5bf9\u95ee\u9898\u8fdb\u884c\u62c6\u89e3\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5c06\u6c42\u89e3\u95ee\u9898\u770b\u4f5c\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u51b3\u7b56\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u8bd5\u63a2\u548c\u526a\u679d\uff0c\u641c\u7d22\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u89e3\u3002

    \u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4ece\u95ee\u9898\u5206\u89e3\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u5206\u6790\u8fd9\u9053\u9898\u3002\u8bbe\u722c\u5230\u7b2c \\(i\\) \u9636\u5171\u6709 \\(dp[i]\\) \u79cd\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48 \\(dp[i]\\) \u5c31\u662f\u539f\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5176\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u5305\u62ec\uff1a

    \\[ dp[i-1], dp[i-2], \\dots, dp[2], dp[1] \\]

    \u7531\u4e8e\u6bcf\u8f6e\u53ea\u80fd\u4e0a \\(1\\) \u9636\u6216 \\(2\\) \u9636\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u7ad9\u5728\u7b2c \\(i\\) \u9636\u697c\u68af\u4e0a\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0a\u4e00\u8f6e\u53ea\u53ef\u80fd\u7ad9\u5728\u7b2c \\(i - 1\\) \u9636\u6216\u7b2c \\(i - 2\\) \u9636\u4e0a\u3002\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u80fd\u4ece\u7b2c \\(i -1\\) \u9636\u6216\u7b2c \\(i - 2\\) \u9636\u8fc8\u5411\u7b2c \\(i\\) \u9636\u3002

    \u7531\u6b64\u4fbf\u53ef\u5f97\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u63a8\u8bba\uff1a\u722c\u5230\u7b2c \\(i - 1\\) \u9636\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u52a0\u4e0a\u722c\u5230\u7b2c \\(i - 2\\) \u9636\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u5c31\u7b49\u4e8e\u722c\u5230\u7b2c \\(i\\) \u9636\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u3002\u516c\u5f0f\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a

    \\[ dp[i] = dp[i-1] + dp[i-2] \\]

    \u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5728\u722c\u697c\u68af\u95ee\u9898\u4e2d\uff0c\u5404\u4e2a\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u9012\u63a8\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u539f\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u53ef\u4ee5\u7531\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u6784\u5efa\u5f97\u6765\u3002\u56fe 14-2 \u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u8be5\u9012\u63a8\u5173\u7cfb\u3002

    \u56fe 14-2 \u00a0 \u65b9\u6848\u6570\u91cf\u9012\u63a8\u5173\u7cfb

    \u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u9012\u63a8\u516c\u5f0f\u5f97\u5230\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22\u89e3\u6cd5\u3002\u4ee5 \\(dp[n]\\) \u4e3a\u8d77\u59cb\u70b9\uff0c\u9012\u5f52\u5730\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f83\u5927\u95ee\u9898\u62c6\u89e3\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u8f83\u5c0f\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u548c\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u5230\u8fbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898 \\(dp[1]\\) \u548c \\(dp[2]\\) \u65f6\u8fd4\u56de\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u662f\u5df2\u77e5\u7684\uff0c\u5373 \\(dp[1] = 1\\)\u3001\\(dp[2] = 2\\) \uff0c\u8868\u793a\u722c\u5230\u7b2c \\(1\\)\u3001\\(2\\) \u9636\u5206\u522b\u6709 \\(1\\)\u3001\\(2\\) \u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u3002

    \u89c2\u5bdf\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u5b83\u548c\u6807\u51c6\u56de\u6eaf\u4ee3\u7801\u90fd\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u641c\u7d22\uff0c\u4f46\u66f4\u52a0\u7b80\u6d01\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig climbing_stairs_dfs.py
    def dfs(i: int) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u641c\u7d22\"\"\"\n    # \u5df2\u77e5 dp[1] \u548c dp[2] \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\n    if i == 1 or i == 2:\n        return i\n    # dp[i] = dp[i-1] + dp[i-2]\n    count = dfs(i - 1) + dfs(i - 2)\n    return count\n\ndef climbing_stairs_dfs(n: int) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u641c\u7d22\"\"\"\n    return dfs(n)\n
    climbing_stairs_dfs.cpp
    /* \u641c\u7d22 */\nint dfs(int i) {\n    // \u5df2\u77e5 dp[1] \u548c dp[2] \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\n    if (i == 1 || i == 2)\n        return i;\n    // dp[i] = dp[i-1] + dp[i-2]\n    int count = dfs(i - 1) + dfs(i - 2);\n    return count;\n}\n\n/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u641c\u7d22 */\nint climbingStairsDFS(int n) {\n    return dfs(n);\n}\n
    climbing_stairs_dfs.java
    /* \u641c\u7d22 */\nint dfs(int i) {\n    // \u5df2\u77e5 dp[1] \u548c dp[2] \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\n    if (i == 1 || i == 2)\n        return i;\n    // dp[i] = dp[i-1] + dp[i-2]\n    int count = dfs(i - 1) + dfs(i - 2);\n    return count;\n}\n\n/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u641c\u7d22 */\nint climbingStairsDFS(int n) {\n    return dfs(n);\n}\n
    climbing_stairs_dfs.cs
    /* \u641c\u7d22 */\nint DFS(int i) {\n    // \u5df2\u77e5 dp[1] \u548c dp[2] \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\n    if (i == 1 || i == 2)\n        return i;\n    // dp[i] = dp[i-1] + dp[i-2]\n    int count = DFS(i - 1) + DFS(i - 2);\n    return count;\n}\n\n/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u641c\u7d22 */\nint ClimbingStairsDFS(int n) {\n    return DFS(n);\n}\n
    climbing_stairs_dfs.go
    /* \u641c\u7d22 */\nfunc dfs(i int) int {\n    // \u5df2\u77e5 dp[1] \u548c dp[2] \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\n    if i == 1 || i == 2 {\n        return i\n    }\n    // dp[i] = dp[i-1] + dp[i-2]\n    count := dfs(i-1) + dfs(i-2)\n    return count\n}\n\n/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u641c\u7d22 */\nfunc climbingStairsDFS(n int) int {\n    return dfs(n)\n}\n
    climbing_stairs_dfs.swift
    /* \u641c\u7d22 */\nfunc dfs(i: Int) -> Int {\n    // \u5df2\u77e5 dp[1] \u548c dp[2] \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\n    if i == 1 || i == 2 {\n        return i\n    }\n    // dp[i] = dp[i-1] + dp[i-2]\n    let count = dfs(i: i - 1) + dfs(i: i - 2)\n    return count\n}\n\n/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u641c\u7d22 */\nfunc climbingStairsDFS(n: Int) -> Int {\n    dfs(i: n)\n}\n
    climbing_stairs_dfs.js
    /* \u641c\u7d22 */\nfunction dfs(i) {\n    // \u5df2\u77e5 dp[1] \u548c dp[2] \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\n    if (i === 1 || i === 2) return i;\n    // dp[i] = dp[i-1] + dp[i-2]\n    const count = dfs(i - 1) + dfs(i - 2);\n    return count;\n}\n\n/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u641c\u7d22 */\nfunction climbingStairsDFS(n) {\n    return dfs(n);\n}\n
    climbing_stairs_dfs.ts
    /* \u641c\u7d22 */\nfunction dfs(i: number): number {\n    // \u5df2\u77e5 dp[1] \u548c dp[2] \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\n    if (i === 1 || i === 2) return i;\n    // dp[i] = dp[i-1] + dp[i-2]\n    const count = dfs(i - 1) + dfs(i - 2);\n    return count;\n}\n\n/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u641c\u7d22 */\nfunction climbingStairsDFS(n: number): number {\n    return dfs(n);\n}\n
    climbing_stairs_dfs.dart
    /* \u641c\u7d22 */\nint dfs(int i) {\n  // \u5df2\u77e5 dp[1] \u548c dp[2] \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\n  if (i == 1 || i == 2) return i;\n  // dp[i] = dp[i-1] + dp[i-2]\n  int count = dfs(i - 1) + dfs(i - 2);\n  return count;\n}\n\n/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u641c\u7d22 */\nint climbingStairsDFS(int n) {\n  return dfs(n);\n}\n
    climbing_stairs_dfs.rs
    /* \u641c\u7d22 */\nfn dfs(i: usize) -> i32 {\n    // \u5df2\u77e5 dp[1] \u548c dp[2] \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\n    if i == 1 || i == 2 { return i as i32; }\n    // dp[i] = dp[i-1] + dp[i-2]\n    let count = dfs(i - 1) + dfs(i - 2);\n    count\n}\n\n/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u641c\u7d22 */\nfn climbing_stairs_dfs(n: usize) -> i32 {\n    dfs(n) \n}\n
    climbing_stairs_dfs.c
    /* \u641c\u7d22 */\nint dfs(int i) {\n    // \u5df2\u77e5 dp[1] \u548c dp[2] \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\n    if (i == 1 || i == 2)\n        return i;\n    // dp[i] = dp[i-1] + dp[i-2]\n    int count = dfs(i - 1) + dfs(i - 2);\n    return count;\n}\n\n/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u641c\u7d22 */\nint climbingStairsDFS(int n) {\n    return dfs(n);\n}\n
    climbing_stairs_dfs.zig
    // \u641c\u7d22\nfn dfs(i: usize) i32 {\n    // \u5df2\u77e5 dp[1] \u548c dp[2] \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\n    if (i == 1 or i == 2) {\n        return @intCast(i);\n    }\n    // dp[i] = dp[i-1] + dp[i-2]\n    var count = dfs(i - 1) + dfs(i - 2);\n    return count;\n}\n\n// \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u641c\u7d22\nfn climbingStairsDFS(comptime n: usize) i32 {\n    return dfs(n);\n}\n

    \u56fe 14-3 \u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u9012\u5f52\u6811\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u95ee\u9898 \\(dp[n]\\) \uff0c\u5176\u9012\u5f52\u6811\u7684\u6df1\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(n\\) \uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(2^n)\\) \u3002\u6307\u6570\u9636\u5c5e\u4e8e\u7206\u70b8\u5f0f\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u8f93\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u6bd4\u8f83\u5927\u7684 \\(n\\) \uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u9677\u5165\u6f2b\u957f\u7684\u7b49\u5f85\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002

    \u56fe 14-3 \u00a0 \u722c\u697c\u68af\u5bf9\u5e94\u9012\u5f52\u6811

    \u89c2\u5bdf\u56fe 14-3 \uff0c\u6307\u6570\u9636\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u662f\u201c\u91cd\u53e0\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u201d\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u3002\u4f8b\u5982 \\(dp[9]\\) \u88ab\u5206\u89e3\u4e3a \\(dp[8]\\) \u548c \\(dp[7]\\) \uff0c\\(dp[8]\\) \u88ab\u5206\u89e3\u4e3a \\(dp[7]\\) \u548c \\(dp[6]\\) \uff0c\u4e24\u8005\u90fd\u5305\u542b\u5b50\u95ee\u9898 \\(dp[7]\\) \u3002

    \u4ee5\u6b64\u7c7b\u63a8\uff0c\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u66f4\u5c0f\u7684\u91cd\u53e0\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5b50\u5b50\u5b59\u5b59\u65e0\u7a77\u5c3d\u4e5f\u3002\u7edd\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u8ba1\u7b97\u8d44\u6e90\u90fd\u6d6a\u8d39\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u91cd\u53e0\u7684\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/intro_to_dynamic_programming/#1412","title":"14.1.2 \u00a0 \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e8c\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22","text":"

    \u4e3a\u4e86\u63d0\u5347\u7b97\u6cd5\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u6240\u6709\u7684\u91cd\u53e0\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u90fd\u53ea\u88ab\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e00\u6b21\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u58f0\u660e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4 mem \u6765\u8bb0\u5f55\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u641c\u7d22\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5c06\u91cd\u53e0\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u526a\u679d\u3002

    1. \u5f53\u9996\u6b21\u8ba1\u7b97 \\(dp[i]\\) \u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5176\u8bb0\u5f55\u81f3 mem[i] \uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u4e4b\u540e\u4f7f\u7528\u3002
    2. \u5f53\u518d\u6b21\u9700\u8981\u8ba1\u7b97 \\(dp[i]\\) \u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4fbf\u53ef\u76f4\u63a5\u4ece mem[i] \u4e2d\u83b7\u53d6\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u907f\u514d\u91cd\u590d\u8ba1\u7b97\u8be5\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u3002

    \u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig climbing_stairs_dfs_mem.py
    def dfs(i: int, mem: list[int]) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22\"\"\"\n    # \u5df2\u77e5 dp[1] \u548c dp[2] \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\n    if i == 1 or i == 2:\n        return i\n    # \u82e5\u5b58\u5728\u8bb0\u5f55 dp[i] \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\n    if mem[i] != -1:\n        return mem[i]\n    # dp[i] = dp[i-1] + dp[i-2]\n    count = dfs(i - 1, mem) + dfs(i - 2, mem)\n    # \u8bb0\u5f55 dp[i]\n    mem[i] = count\n    return count\n\ndef climbing_stairs_dfs_mem(n: int) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22\"\"\"\n    # mem[i] \u8bb0\u5f55\u722c\u5230\u7b2c i \u9636\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u603b\u6570\uff0c-1 \u4ee3\u8868\u65e0\u8bb0\u5f55\n    mem = [-1] * (n + 1)\n    return dfs(n, mem)\n
    climbing_stairs_dfs_mem.cpp
    /* \u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nint dfs(int i, vector<int> &mem) {\n    // \u5df2\u77e5 dp[1] \u548c dp[2] \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\n    if (i == 1 || i == 2)\n        return i;\n    // \u82e5\u5b58\u5728\u8bb0\u5f55 dp[i] \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\n    if (mem[i] != -1)\n        return mem[i];\n    // dp[i] = dp[i-1] + dp[i-2]\n    int count = dfs(i - 1, mem) + dfs(i - 2, mem);\n    // \u8bb0\u5f55 dp[i]\n    mem[i] = count;\n    return count;\n}\n\n/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nint climbingStairsDFSMem(int n) {\n    // mem[i] \u8bb0\u5f55\u722c\u5230\u7b2c i \u9636\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u603b\u6570\uff0c-1 \u4ee3\u8868\u65e0\u8bb0\u5f55\n    vector<int> mem(n + 1, -1);\n    return dfs(n, mem);\n}\n
    climbing_stairs_dfs_mem.java
    /* \u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nint dfs(int i, int[] mem) {\n    // \u5df2\u77e5 dp[1] \u548c dp[2] \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\n    if (i == 1 || i == 2)\n        return i;\n    // \u82e5\u5b58\u5728\u8bb0\u5f55 dp[i] \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\n    if (mem[i] != -1)\n        return mem[i];\n    // dp[i] = dp[i-1] + dp[i-2]\n    int count = dfs(i - 1, mem) + dfs(i - 2, mem);\n    // \u8bb0\u5f55 dp[i]\n    mem[i] = count;\n    return count;\n}\n\n/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nint climbingStairsDFSMem(int n) {\n    // mem[i] \u8bb0\u5f55\u722c\u5230\u7b2c i \u9636\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u603b\u6570\uff0c-1 \u4ee3\u8868\u65e0\u8bb0\u5f55\n    int[] mem = new int[n + 1];\n    Arrays.fill(mem, -1);\n    return dfs(n, mem);\n}\n
    climbing_stairs_dfs_mem.cs
    /* \u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nint DFS(int i, int[] mem) {\n    // \u5df2\u77e5 dp[1] \u548c dp[2] \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\n    if (i == 1 || i == 2)\n        return i;\n    // \u82e5\u5b58\u5728\u8bb0\u5f55 dp[i] \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\n    if (mem[i] != -1)\n        return mem[i];\n    // dp[i] = dp[i-1] + dp[i-2]\n    int count = DFS(i - 1, mem) + DFS(i - 2, mem);\n    // \u8bb0\u5f55 dp[i]\n    mem[i] = count;\n    return count;\n}\n\n/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nint ClimbingStairsDFSMem(int n) {\n    // mem[i] \u8bb0\u5f55\u722c\u5230\u7b2c i \u9636\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u603b\u6570\uff0c-1 \u4ee3\u8868\u65e0\u8bb0\u5f55\n    int[] mem = new int[n + 1];\n    Array.Fill(mem, -1);\n    return DFS(n, mem);\n}\n
    climbing_stairs_dfs_mem.go
    /* \u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nfunc dfsMem(i int, mem []int) int {\n    // \u5df2\u77e5 dp[1] \u548c dp[2] \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\n    if i == 1 || i == 2 {\n        return i\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u5b58\u5728\u8bb0\u5f55 dp[i] \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\n    if mem[i] != -1 {\n        return mem[i]\n    }\n    // dp[i] = dp[i-1] + dp[i-2]\n    count := dfsMem(i-1, mem) + dfsMem(i-2, mem)\n    // \u8bb0\u5f55 dp[i]\n    mem[i] = count\n    return count\n}\n\n/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nfunc climbingStairsDFSMem(n int) int {\n    // mem[i] \u8bb0\u5f55\u722c\u5230\u7b2c i \u9636\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u603b\u6570\uff0c-1 \u4ee3\u8868\u65e0\u8bb0\u5f55\n    mem := make([]int, n+1)\n    for i := range mem {\n        mem[i] = -1\n    }\n    return dfsMem(n, mem)\n}\n
    climbing_stairs_dfs_mem.swift
    /* \u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nfunc dfs(i: Int, mem: inout [Int]) -> Int {\n    // \u5df2\u77e5 dp[1] \u548c dp[2] \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\n    if i == 1 || i == 2 {\n        return i\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u5b58\u5728\u8bb0\u5f55 dp[i] \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\n    if mem[i] != -1 {\n        return mem[i]\n    }\n    // dp[i] = dp[i-1] + dp[i-2]\n    let count = dfs(i: i - 1, mem: &mem) + dfs(i: i - 2, mem: &mem)\n    // \u8bb0\u5f55 dp[i]\n    mem[i] = count\n    return count\n}\n\n/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nfunc climbingStairsDFSMem(n: Int) -> Int {\n    // mem[i] \u8bb0\u5f55\u722c\u5230\u7b2c i \u9636\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u603b\u6570\uff0c-1 \u4ee3\u8868\u65e0\u8bb0\u5f55\n    var mem = Array(repeating: -1, count: n + 1)\n    return dfs(i: n, mem: &mem)\n}\n
    climbing_stairs_dfs_mem.js
    /* \u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nfunction dfs(i, mem) {\n    // \u5df2\u77e5 dp[1] \u548c dp[2] \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\n    if (i === 1 || i === 2) return i;\n    // \u82e5\u5b58\u5728\u8bb0\u5f55 dp[i] \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\n    if (mem[i] != -1) return mem[i];\n    // dp[i] = dp[i-1] + dp[i-2]\n    const count = dfs(i - 1, mem) + dfs(i - 2, mem);\n    // \u8bb0\u5f55 dp[i]\n    mem[i] = count;\n    return count;\n}\n\n/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nfunction climbingStairsDFSMem(n) {\n    // mem[i] \u8bb0\u5f55\u722c\u5230\u7b2c i \u9636\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u603b\u6570\uff0c-1 \u4ee3\u8868\u65e0\u8bb0\u5f55\n    const mem = new Array(n + 1).fill(-1);\n    return dfs(n, mem);\n}\n
    climbing_stairs_dfs_mem.ts
    /* \u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nfunction dfs(i: number, mem: number[]): number {\n    // \u5df2\u77e5 dp[1] \u548c dp[2] \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\n    if (i === 1 || i === 2) return i;\n    // \u82e5\u5b58\u5728\u8bb0\u5f55 dp[i] \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\n    if (mem[i] != -1) return mem[i];\n    // dp[i] = dp[i-1] + dp[i-2]\n    const count = dfs(i - 1, mem) + dfs(i - 2, mem);\n    // \u8bb0\u5f55 dp[i]\n    mem[i] = count;\n    return count;\n}\n\n/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nfunction climbingStairsDFSMem(n: number): number {\n    // mem[i] \u8bb0\u5f55\u722c\u5230\u7b2c i \u9636\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u603b\u6570\uff0c-1 \u4ee3\u8868\u65e0\u8bb0\u5f55\n    const mem = new Array(n + 1).fill(-1);\n    return dfs(n, mem);\n}\n
    climbing_stairs_dfs_mem.dart
    /* \u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nint dfs(int i, List<int> mem) {\n  // \u5df2\u77e5 dp[1] \u548c dp[2] \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\n  if (i == 1 || i == 2) return i;\n  // \u82e5\u5b58\u5728\u8bb0\u5f55 dp[i] \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\n  if (mem[i] != -1) return mem[i];\n  // dp[i] = dp[i-1] + dp[i-2]\n  int count = dfs(i - 1, mem) + dfs(i - 2, mem);\n  // \u8bb0\u5f55 dp[i]\n  mem[i] = count;\n  return count;\n}\n\n/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nint climbingStairsDFSMem(int n) {\n  // mem[i] \u8bb0\u5f55\u722c\u5230\u7b2c i \u9636\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u603b\u6570\uff0c-1 \u4ee3\u8868\u65e0\u8bb0\u5f55\n  List<int> mem = List.filled(n + 1, -1);\n  return dfs(n, mem);\n}\n
    climbing_stairs_dfs_mem.rs
    /* \u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nfn dfs(i: usize, mem: &mut [i32]) -> i32 {\n    // \u5df2\u77e5 dp[1] \u548c dp[2] \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\n    if i == 1 || i == 2 { return i as i32; }\n    // \u82e5\u5b58\u5728\u8bb0\u5f55 dp[i] \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\n    if mem[i] != -1 { return mem[i]; }\n    // dp[i] = dp[i-1] + dp[i-2]\n    let count = dfs(i - 1, mem) + dfs(i - 2, mem);\n    // \u8bb0\u5f55 dp[i]\n    mem[i] = count;\n    count\n}\n\n/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nfn climbing_stairs_dfs_mem(n: usize) -> i32 {\n    // mem[i] \u8bb0\u5f55\u722c\u5230\u7b2c i \u9636\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u603b\u6570\uff0c-1 \u4ee3\u8868\u65e0\u8bb0\u5f55\n    let mut mem = vec![-1; n + 1];\n    dfs(n, &mut mem)\n}\n
    climbing_stairs_dfs_mem.c
    /* \u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nint dfs(int i, int *mem) {\n    // \u5df2\u77e5 dp[1] \u548c dp[2] \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\n    if (i == 1 || i == 2)\n        return i;\n    // \u82e5\u5b58\u5728\u8bb0\u5f55 dp[i] \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\n    if (mem[i] != -1)\n        return mem[i];\n    // dp[i] = dp[i-1] + dp[i-2]\n    int count = dfs(i - 1, mem) + dfs(i - 2, mem);\n    // \u8bb0\u5f55 dp[i]\n    mem[i] = count;\n    return count;\n}\n\n/* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nint climbingStairsDFSMem(int n) {\n    // mem[i] \u8bb0\u5f55\u722c\u5230\u7b2c i \u9636\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u603b\u6570\uff0c-1 \u4ee3\u8868\u65e0\u8bb0\u5f55\n    int *mem = (int *)malloc((n + 1) * sizeof(int));\n    for (int i = 0; i <= n; i++) {\n        mem[i] = -1;\n    }\n    int result = dfs(n, mem);\n    free(mem);\n    return result;\n}\n
    climbing_stairs_dfs_mem.zig
    // \u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22\nfn dfs(i: usize, mem: []i32) i32 {\n    // \u5df2\u77e5 dp[1] \u548c dp[2] \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\n    if (i == 1 or i == 2) {\n        return @intCast(i);\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u5b58\u5728\u8bb0\u5f55 dp[i] \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\n    if (mem[i] != -1) {\n        return mem[i];\n    }\n    // dp[i] = dp[i-1] + dp[i-2]\n    var count = dfs(i - 1, mem) + dfs(i - 2, mem);\n    // \u8bb0\u5f55 dp[i]\n    mem[i] = count;\n    return count;\n}\n\n// \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22\nfn climbingStairsDFSMem(comptime n: usize) i32 {\n    // mem[i] \u8bb0\u5f55\u722c\u5230\u7b2c i \u9636\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u603b\u6570\uff0c-1 \u4ee3\u8868\u65e0\u8bb0\u5f55\n    var mem = [_]i32{ -1 } ** (n + 1);\n    return dfs(n, &mem);\n}\n

    \u89c2\u5bdf\u56fe 14-4 \uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u5904\u7406\u540e\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u91cd\u53e0\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u90fd\u53ea\u9700\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4f18\u5316\u81f3 \\(O(n)\\) \uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u98de\u8dc3\u3002

    \u56fe 14-4 \u00a0 \u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22\u5bf9\u5e94\u9012\u5f52\u6811

    "},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/intro_to_dynamic_programming/#1413","title":"14.1.3 \u00a0 \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e09\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212","text":"

    \u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u201d\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u4ece\u539f\u95ee\u9898\uff08\u6839\u8282\u70b9\uff09\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u9012\u5f52\u5730\u5c06\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u5206\u89e3\u4e3a\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u89e3\u5df2\u77e5\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff08\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\uff09\u3002\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u56de\u6eaf\u9010\u5c42\u6536\u96c6\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\uff0c\u6784\u5efa\u51fa\u539f\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u3002

    \u4e0e\u4e4b\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u4ece\u5e95\u81f3\u9876\u201d\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a\u4ece\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u8fed\u4ee3\u5730\u6784\u5efa\u66f4\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u5f97\u5230\u539f\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u3002

    \u7531\u4e8e\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u56de\u6eaf\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53ea\u9700\u4f7f\u7528\u5faa\u73af\u8fed\u4ee3\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u65e0\u987b\u4f7f\u7528\u9012\u5f52\u3002\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4 dp \u6765\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\uff0c\u5b83\u8d77\u5230\u4e86\u4e0e\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22\u4e2d\u6570\u7ec4 mem \u76f8\u540c\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u4f5c\u7528\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig climbing_stairs_dp.py
    def climbing_stairs_dp(n: int) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\"\"\"\n    if n == 1 or n == 2:\n        return n\n    # \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n    dp = [0] * (n + 1)\n    # \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u9884\u8bbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n    dp[1], dp[2] = 1, 2\n    # \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\n    for i in range(3, n + 1):\n        dp[i] = dp[i - 1] + dp[i - 2]\n    return dp[n]\n
    climbing_stairs_dp.cpp
    /* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint climbingStairsDP(int n) {\n    if (n == 1 || n == 2)\n        return n;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n    vector<int> dp(n + 1);\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u9884\u8bbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n    dp[1] = 1;\n    dp[2] = 2;\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\n    for (int i = 3; i <= n; i++) {\n        dp[i] = dp[i - 1] + dp[i - 2];\n    }\n    return dp[n];\n}\n
    climbing_stairs_dp.java
    /* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint climbingStairsDP(int n) {\n    if (n == 1 || n == 2)\n        return n;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n    int[] dp = new int[n + 1];\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u9884\u8bbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n    dp[1] = 1;\n    dp[2] = 2;\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\n    for (int i = 3; i <= n; i++) {\n        dp[i] = dp[i - 1] + dp[i - 2];\n    }\n    return dp[n];\n}\n
    climbing_stairs_dp.cs
    /* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint ClimbingStairsDP(int n) {\n    if (n == 1 || n == 2)\n        return n;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n    int[] dp = new int[n + 1];\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u9884\u8bbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n    dp[1] = 1;\n    dp[2] = 2;\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\n    for (int i = 3; i <= n; i++) {\n        dp[i] = dp[i - 1] + dp[i - 2];\n    }\n    return dp[n];\n}\n
    climbing_stairs_dp.go
    /* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunc climbingStairsDP(n int) int {\n    if n == 1 || n == 2 {\n        return n\n    }\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n    dp := make([]int, n+1)\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u9884\u8bbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n    dp[1] = 1\n    dp[2] = 2\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\n    for i := 3; i <= n; i++ {\n        dp[i] = dp[i-1] + dp[i-2]\n    }\n    return dp[n]\n}\n
    climbing_stairs_dp.swift
    /* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunc climbingStairsDP(n: Int) -> Int {\n    if n == 1 || n == 2 {\n        return n\n    }\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n    var dp = Array(repeating: 0, count: n + 1)\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u9884\u8bbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n    dp[1] = 1\n    dp[2] = 2\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\n    for i in stride(from: 3, through: n, by: 1) {\n        dp[i] = dp[i - 1] + dp[i - 2]\n    }\n    return dp[n]\n}\n
    climbing_stairs_dp.js
    /* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunction climbingStairsDP(n) {\n    if (n === 1 || n === 2) return n;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n    const dp = new Array(n + 1).fill(-1);\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u9884\u8bbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n    dp[1] = 1;\n    dp[2] = 2;\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\n    for (let i = 3; i <= n; i++) {\n        dp[i] = dp[i - 1] + dp[i - 2];\n    }\n    return dp[n];\n}\n
    climbing_stairs_dp.ts
    /* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunction climbingStairsDP(n: number): number {\n    if (n === 1 || n === 2) return n;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n    const dp = new Array(n + 1).fill(-1);\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u9884\u8bbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n    dp[1] = 1;\n    dp[2] = 2;\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\n    for (let i = 3; i <= n; i++) {\n        dp[i] = dp[i - 1] + dp[i - 2];\n    }\n    return dp[n];\n}\n
    climbing_stairs_dp.dart
    /* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint climbingStairsDP(int n) {\n  if (n == 1 || n == 2) return n;\n  // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n  List<int> dp = List.filled(n + 1, 0);\n  // \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u9884\u8bbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n  dp[1] = 1;\n  dp[2] = 2;\n  // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\n  for (int i = 3; i <= n; i++) {\n    dp[i] = dp[i - 1] + dp[i - 2];\n  }\n  return dp[n];\n}\n
    climbing_stairs_dp.rs
    /* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfn climbing_stairs_dp(n: usize) -> i32 {\n    // \u5df2\u77e5 dp[1] \u548c dp[2] \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\n    if n == 1 || n == 2 { return n as i32; }\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n    let mut dp = vec![-1; n + 1];\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u9884\u8bbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n    dp[1] = 1;\n    dp[2] = 2;\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\n    for i in 3..=n {\n        dp[i] = dp[i - 1] + dp[i - 2];\n    }\n    dp[n]\n}\n
    climbing_stairs_dp.c
    /* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint climbingStairsDP(int n) {\n    if (n == 1 || n == 2)\n        return n;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n    int *dp = (int *)malloc((n + 1) * sizeof(int));\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u9884\u8bbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n    dp[1] = 1;\n    dp[2] = 2;\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\n    for (int i = 3; i <= n; i++) {\n        dp[i] = dp[i - 1] + dp[i - 2];\n    }\n    int result = dp[n];\n    free(dp);\n    return result;\n}\n
    climbing_stairs_dp.zig
    // \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\nfn climbingStairsDP(comptime n: usize) i32 {\n    // \u5df2\u77e5 dp[1] \u548c dp[2] \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e4b\n    if (n == 1 or n == 2) {\n        return @intCast(n);\n    }\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n    var dp = [_]i32{-1} ** (n + 1);\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u9884\u8bbe\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\n    dp[1] = 1;\n    dp[2] = 2;\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\n    for (3..n + 1) |i| {\n        dp[i] = dp[i - 1] + dp[i - 2];\n    }\n    return dp[n];\n}\n

    \u56fe 14-5 \u6a21\u62df\u4e86\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u6267\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002

    \u56fe 14-5 \u00a0 \u722c\u697c\u68af\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u8fc7\u7a0b

    \u4e0e\u56de\u6eaf\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u4e5f\u4f7f\u7528\u201c\u72b6\u6001\u201d\u6982\u5ff5\u6765\u8868\u793a\u95ee\u9898\u6c42\u89e3\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u90fd\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u4ee5\u53ca\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u5c40\u90e8\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u722c\u697c\u68af\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u5f53\u524d\u6240\u5728\u697c\u68af\u9636\u6570 \\(i\\) \u3002

    \u6839\u636e\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u603b\u7ed3\u51fa\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u7684\u5e38\u7528\u672f\u8bed\u3002

    • \u5c06\u6570\u7ec4 dp \u79f0\u4e3a\u300c\\(dp\\) \u8868\u300d\uff0c\\(dp[i]\\) \u8868\u793a\u72b6\u6001 \\(i\\) \u5bf9\u5e94\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u3002
    • \u5c06\u6700\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff08\u7b2c \\(1\\) \u9636\u548c\u7b2c \\(2\\) \u9636\u697c\u68af\uff09\u79f0\u4e3a\u300c\u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\u300d\u3002
    • \u5c06\u9012\u63a8\u516c\u5f0f \\(dp[i] = dp[i-1] + dp[i-2]\\) \u79f0\u4e3a\u300c\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u65b9\u7a0b\u300d\u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/intro_to_dynamic_programming/#1414","title":"14.1.4 \u00a0 \u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316","text":"

    \u7ec6\u5fc3\u7684\u8bfb\u8005\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e \\(dp[i]\\) \u53ea\u4e0e \\(dp[i-1]\\) \u548c \\(dp[i-2]\\) \u6709\u5173\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u987b\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4 dp \u6765\u5b58\u50a8\u6240\u6709\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u9700\u4e24\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u6eda\u52a8\u524d\u8fdb\u5373\u53ef\u3002\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig climbing_stairs_dp.py
    def climbing_stairs_dp_comp(n: int) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\"\"\"\n    if n == 1 or n == 2:\n        return n\n    a, b = 1, 2\n    for _ in range(3, n + 1):\n        a, b = b, a + b\n    return b\n
    climbing_stairs_dp.cpp
    /* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint climbingStairsDPComp(int n) {\n    if (n == 1 || n == 2)\n        return n;\n    int a = 1, b = 2;\n    for (int i = 3; i <= n; i++) {\n        int tmp = b;\n        b = a + b;\n        a = tmp;\n    }\n    return b;\n}\n
    climbing_stairs_dp.java
    /* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint climbingStairsDPComp(int n) {\n    if (n == 1 || n == 2)\n        return n;\n    int a = 1, b = 2;\n    for (int i = 3; i <= n; i++) {\n        int tmp = b;\n        b = a + b;\n        a = tmp;\n    }\n    return b;\n}\n
    climbing_stairs_dp.cs
    /* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint ClimbingStairsDPComp(int n) {\n    if (n == 1 || n == 2)\n        return n;\n    int a = 1, b = 2;\n    for (int i = 3; i <= n; i++) {\n        int tmp = b;\n        b = a + b;\n        a = tmp;\n    }\n    return b;\n}\n
    climbing_stairs_dp.go
    /* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunc climbingStairsDPComp(n int) int {\n    if n == 1 || n == 2 {\n        return n\n    }\n    a, b := 1, 2\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u4ece\u8f83\u5c0f\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u6c42\u89e3\u8f83\u5927\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\n    for i := 3; i <= n; i++ {\n        a, b = b, a+b\n    }\n    return b\n}\n
    climbing_stairs_dp.swift
    /* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunc climbingStairsDPComp(n: Int) -> Int {\n    if n == 1 || n == 2 {\n        return n\n    }\n    var a = 1\n    var b = 2\n    for _ in stride(from: 3, through: n, by: 1) {\n        (a, b) = (b, a + b)\n    }\n    return b\n}\n
    climbing_stairs_dp.js
    /* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunction climbingStairsDPComp(n) {\n    if (n === 1 || n === 2) return n;\n    let a = 1,\n        b = 2;\n    for (let i = 3; i <= n; i++) {\n        const tmp = b;\n        b = a + b;\n        a = tmp;\n    }\n    return b;\n}\n
    climbing_stairs_dp.ts
    /* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunction climbingStairsDPComp(n: number): number {\n    if (n === 1 || n === 2) return n;\n    let a = 1,\n        b = 2;\n    for (let i = 3; i <= n; i++) {\n        const tmp = b;\n        b = a + b;\n        a = tmp;\n    }\n    return b;\n}\n
    climbing_stairs_dp.dart
    /* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint climbingStairsDPComp(int n) {\n  if (n == 1 || n == 2) return n;\n  int a = 1, b = 2;\n  for (int i = 3; i <= n; i++) {\n    int tmp = b;\n    b = a + b;\n    a = tmp;\n  }\n  return b;\n}\n
    climbing_stairs_dp.rs
    /* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfn climbing_stairs_dp_comp(n: usize) -> i32 {\n    if n == 1 || n == 2 { return n as i32; }\n    let (mut a, mut b) = (1, 2);\n    for _ in 3..=n {\n        let tmp = b;\n        b = a + b;\n        a = tmp;\n    }\n    b\n}\n
    climbing_stairs_dp.c
    /* \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint climbingStairsDPComp(int n) {\n    if (n == 1 || n == 2)\n        return n;\n    int a = 1, b = 2;\n    for (int i = 3; i <= n; i++) {\n        int tmp = b;\n        b = a + b;\n        a = tmp;\n    }\n    return b;\n}\n
    climbing_stairs_dp.zig
    // \u722c\u697c\u68af\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\nfn climbingStairsDPComp(comptime n: usize) i32 {\n    if (n == 1 or n == 2) {\n        return @intCast(n);\n    }\n    var a: i32 = 1;\n    var b: i32 = 2;\n    for (3..n + 1) |_| {\n        var tmp = b;\n        b = a + b;\n        a = tmp;\n    }\n    return b;\n}\n

    \u89c2\u5bdf\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u7701\u53bb\u4e86\u6570\u7ec4 dp \u5360\u7528\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4ece \\(O(n)\\) \u964d\u81f3 \\(O(1)\\) \u3002

    \u5728\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u95ee\u9898\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u5f80\u5f80\u4ec5\u4e0e\u524d\u9762\u6709\u9650\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u53ea\u4fdd\u7559\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u964d\u7ef4\u201d\u6765\u8282\u7701\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u6280\u5de7\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u6eda\u52a8\u53d8\u91cf\u201d\u6216\u201c\u6eda\u52a8\u6570\u7ec4\u201d\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/knapsack_problem/","title":"14.4 \u00a0 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898","text":"

    \u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u597d\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u5165\u95e8\u9898\u76ee\uff0c\u662f\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u4e2d\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u5176\u5177\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u53d8\u79cd\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898\u3001\u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898\u3001\u591a\u91cd\u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898\u7b49\u3002

    \u5728\u672c\u8282\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5148\u6765\u6c42\u89e3\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898\u3002

    Question

    \u7ed9\u5b9a \\(n\\) \u4e2a\u7269\u54c1\uff0c\u7b2c \\(i\\) \u4e2a\u7269\u54c1\u7684\u91cd\u91cf\u4e3a \\(wgt[i-1]\\)\u3001\u4ef7\u503c\u4e3a \\(val[i-1]\\) \uff0c\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e3a \\(cap\\) \u7684\u80cc\u5305\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7269\u54c1\u53ea\u80fd\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u95ee\u5728\u9650\u5b9a\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e0b\u80fd\u653e\u5165\u7269\u54c1\u7684\u6700\u5927\u4ef7\u503c\u3002

    \u89c2\u5bdf\u56fe 14-17 \uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u7269\u54c1\u7f16\u53f7 \\(i\\) \u4ece \\(1\\) \u5f00\u59cb\u8ba1\u6570\uff0c\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15\u4ece \\(0\\) \u5f00\u59cb\u8ba1\u6570\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7269\u54c1 \\(i\\) \u5bf9\u5e94\u91cd\u91cf \\(wgt[i-1]\\) \u548c\u4ef7\u503c \\(val[i-1]\\) \u3002

    \u56fe 14-17 \u00a0 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u6570\u636e

    \u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898\u770b\u4f5c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7531 \\(n\\) \u8f6e\u51b3\u7b56\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7269\u4f53\u90fd\u6709\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u548c\u653e\u5165\u4e24\u79cd\u51b3\u7b56\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8be5\u95ee\u9898\u6ee1\u8db3\u51b3\u7b56\u6811\u6a21\u578b\u3002

    \u8be5\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u6c42\u89e3\u201c\u5728\u9650\u5b9a\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e0b\u80fd\u653e\u5165\u7269\u54c1\u7684\u6700\u5927\u4ef7\u503c\u201d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8f83\u5927\u6982\u7387\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u95ee\u9898\u3002

    \u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\uff1a\u601d\u8003\u6bcf\u8f6e\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\uff0c\u5b9a\u4e49\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f97\u5230 \\(dp\\) \u8868

    \u5bf9\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7269\u54c1\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u80cc\u5305\uff0c\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e0d\u53d8\uff1b\u653e\u5165\u80cc\u5305\uff0c\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\u51cf\u5c0f\u3002\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u5f97\u72b6\u6001\u5b9a\u4e49\uff1a\u5f53\u524d\u7269\u54c1\u7f16\u53f7 \\(i\\) \u548c\u5269\u4f59\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf \\(c\\) \uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a \\([i, c]\\) \u3002

    \u72b6\u6001 \\([i, c]\\) \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u4e3a\uff1a\u524d \\(i\\) \u4e2a\u7269\u54c1\u5728\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e3a \\(c\\) \u7684\u80cc\u5305\u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a \\(dp[i, c]\\) \u3002

    \u5f85\u6c42\u89e3\u7684\u662f \\(dp[n, cap]\\) \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c3a\u5bf8\u4e3a \\((n+1) \\times (cap+1)\\) \u7684\u4e8c\u7ef4 \\(dp\\) \u8868\u3002

    \u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b65\uff1a\u627e\u51fa\u6700\u4f18\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u63a8\u5bfc\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u65b9\u7a0b

    \u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u505a\u51fa\u7269\u54c1 \\(i\\) \u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u540e\uff0c\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u662f\u524d \\(i-1\\) \u4e2a\u7269\u54c1\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\uff0c\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e24\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u3002

    • \u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u7269\u54c1 \\(i\\) \uff1a\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e0d\u53d8\uff0c\u72b6\u6001\u53d8\u5316\u4e3a \\([i-1, c]\\) \u3002
    • \u653e\u5165\u7269\u54c1 \\(i\\) \uff1a\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\u51cf\u5c11 \\(wgt[i-1]\\) \uff0c\u4ef7\u503c\u589e\u52a0 \\(val[i-1]\\) \uff0c\u72b6\u6001\u53d8\u5316\u4e3a \\([i-1, c-wgt[i-1]]\\) \u3002

    \u4e0a\u8ff0\u5206\u6790\u5411\u6211\u4eec\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u672c\u9898\u7684\u6700\u4f18\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a\u6700\u5927\u4ef7\u503c \\(dp[i, c]\\) \u7b49\u4e8e\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u7269\u54c1 \\(i\\) \u548c\u653e\u5165\u7269\u54c1 \\(i\\) \u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\u4ef7\u503c\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u4e2a\u3002\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u63a8\u5bfc\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u65b9\u7a0b\uff1a

    \\[ dp[i, c] = \\max(dp[i-1, c], dp[i-1, c - wgt[i-1]] + val[i-1]) \\]

    \u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u82e5\u5f53\u524d\u7269\u54c1\u91cd\u91cf \\(wgt[i - 1]\\) \u8d85\u51fa\u5269\u4f59\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf \\(c\\) \uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u80fd\u9009\u62e9\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u80cc\u5305\u3002

    \u7b2c\u4e09\u6b65\uff1a\u786e\u5b9a\u8fb9\u754c\u6761\u4ef6\u548c\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u987a\u5e8f

    \u5f53\u65e0\u7269\u54c1\u6216\u65e0\u5269\u4f59\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\u65f6\u6700\u5927\u4ef7\u503c\u4e3a \\(0\\) \uff0c\u5373\u9996\u5217 \\(dp[i, 0]\\) \u548c\u9996\u884c \\(dp[0, c]\\) \u90fd\u7b49\u4e8e \\(0\\) \u3002

    \u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001 \\([i, c]\\) \u4ece\u4e0a\u65b9\u7684\u72b6\u6001 \\([i-1, c]\\) \u548c\u5de6\u4e0a\u65b9\u7684\u72b6\u6001 \\([i-1, c-wgt[i-1]]\\) \u8f6c\u79fb\u800c\u6765\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u901a\u8fc7\u4e24\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\u6b63\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u6574\u4e2a \\(dp\\) \u8868\u5373\u53ef\u3002

    \u6839\u636e\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u6309\u987a\u5e8f\u5b9e\u73b0\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22\u3001\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22\u3001\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u89e3\u6cd5\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/knapsack_problem/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e00\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22","text":"

    \u641c\u7d22\u4ee3\u7801\u5305\u542b\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8981\u7d20\u3002

    • \u9012\u5f52\u53c2\u6570\uff1a\u72b6\u6001 \\([i, c]\\) \u3002
    • \u8fd4\u56de\u503c\uff1a\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3 \\(dp[i, c]\\) \u3002
    • \u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6\uff1a\u5f53\u7269\u54c1\u7f16\u53f7\u8d8a\u754c \\(i = 0\\) \u6216\u80cc\u5305\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e3a \\(0\\) \u65f6\uff0c\u7ec8\u6b62\u9012\u5f52\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u4ef7\u503c \\(0\\) \u3002
    • \u526a\u679d\uff1a\u82e5\u5f53\u524d\u7269\u54c1\u91cd\u91cf\u8d85\u51fa\u80cc\u5305\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u80fd\u9009\u62e9\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u80cc\u5305\u3002
    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig knapsack.py
    def knapsack_dfs(wgt: list[int], val: list[int], i: int, c: int) -> int:\n    \"\"\"0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22\"\"\"\n    # \u82e5\u5df2\u9009\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u7269\u54c1\u6216\u80cc\u5305\u65e0\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u4ef7\u503c 0\n    if i == 0 or c == 0:\n        return 0\n    # \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u80fd\u9009\u62e9\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u80cc\u5305\n    if wgt[i - 1] > c:\n        return knapsack_dfs(wgt, val, i - 1, c)\n    # \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u548c\u653e\u5165\u7269\u54c1 i \u7684\u6700\u5927\u4ef7\u503c\n    no = knapsack_dfs(wgt, val, i - 1, c)\n    yes = knapsack_dfs(wgt, val, i - 1, c - wgt[i - 1]) + val[i - 1]\n    # \u8fd4\u56de\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\u4ef7\u503c\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u4e2a\n    return max(no, yes)\n
    knapsack.cpp
    /* 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22 */\nint knapsackDFS(vector<int> &wgt, vector<int> &val, int i, int c) {\n    // \u82e5\u5df2\u9009\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u7269\u54c1\u6216\u80cc\u5305\u65e0\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u4ef7\u503c 0\n    if (i == 0 || c == 0) {\n        return 0;\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u80fd\u9009\u62e9\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u80cc\u5305\n    if (wgt[i - 1] > c) {\n        return knapsackDFS(wgt, val, i - 1, c);\n    }\n    // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u548c\u653e\u5165\u7269\u54c1 i \u7684\u6700\u5927\u4ef7\u503c\n    int no = knapsackDFS(wgt, val, i - 1, c);\n    int yes = knapsackDFS(wgt, val, i - 1, c - wgt[i - 1]) + val[i - 1];\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\u4ef7\u503c\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u4e2a\n    return max(no, yes);\n}\n
    knapsack.java
    /* 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22 */\nint knapsackDFS(int[] wgt, int[] val, int i, int c) {\n    // \u82e5\u5df2\u9009\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u7269\u54c1\u6216\u80cc\u5305\u65e0\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u4ef7\u503c 0\n    if (i == 0 || c == 0) {\n        return 0;\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u80fd\u9009\u62e9\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u80cc\u5305\n    if (wgt[i - 1] > c) {\n        return knapsackDFS(wgt, val, i - 1, c);\n    }\n    // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u548c\u653e\u5165\u7269\u54c1 i \u7684\u6700\u5927\u4ef7\u503c\n    int no = knapsackDFS(wgt, val, i - 1, c);\n    int yes = knapsackDFS(wgt, val, i - 1, c - wgt[i - 1]) + val[i - 1];\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\u4ef7\u503c\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u4e2a\n    return Math.max(no, yes);\n}\n
    knapsack.cs
    /* 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22 */\nint KnapsackDFS(int[] weight, int[] val, int i, int c) {\n    // \u82e5\u5df2\u9009\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u7269\u54c1\u6216\u80cc\u5305\u65e0\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u4ef7\u503c 0\n    if (i == 0 || c == 0) {\n        return 0;\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u80fd\u9009\u62e9\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u80cc\u5305\n    if (weight[i - 1] > c) {\n        return KnapsackDFS(weight, val, i - 1, c);\n    }\n    // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u548c\u653e\u5165\u7269\u54c1 i \u7684\u6700\u5927\u4ef7\u503c\n    int no = KnapsackDFS(weight, val, i - 1, c);\n    int yes = KnapsackDFS(weight, val, i - 1, c - weight[i - 1]) + val[i - 1];\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\u4ef7\u503c\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u4e2a\n    return Math.Max(no, yes);\n}\n
    knapsack.go
    /* 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22 */\nfunc knapsackDFS(wgt, val []int, i, c int) int {\n    // \u82e5\u5df2\u9009\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u7269\u54c1\u6216\u80cc\u5305\u65e0\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u4ef7\u503c 0\n    if i == 0 || c == 0 {\n        return 0\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u80fd\u9009\u62e9\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u80cc\u5305\n    if wgt[i-1] > c {\n        return knapsackDFS(wgt, val, i-1, c)\n    }\n    // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u548c\u653e\u5165\u7269\u54c1 i \u7684\u6700\u5927\u4ef7\u503c\n    no := knapsackDFS(wgt, val, i-1, c)\n    yes := knapsackDFS(wgt, val, i-1, c-wgt[i-1]) + val[i-1]\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\u4ef7\u503c\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u4e2a\n    return int(math.Max(float64(no), float64(yes)))\n}\n
    knapsack.swift
    /* 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22 */\nfunc knapsackDFS(wgt: [Int], val: [Int], i: Int, c: Int) -> Int {\n    // \u82e5\u5df2\u9009\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u7269\u54c1\u6216\u80cc\u5305\u65e0\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u4ef7\u503c 0\n    if i == 0 || c == 0 {\n        return 0\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u80fd\u9009\u62e9\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u80cc\u5305\n    if wgt[i - 1] > c {\n        return knapsackDFS(wgt: wgt, val: val, i: i - 1, c: c)\n    }\n    // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u548c\u653e\u5165\u7269\u54c1 i \u7684\u6700\u5927\u4ef7\u503c\n    let no = knapsackDFS(wgt: wgt, val: val, i: i - 1, c: c)\n    let yes = knapsackDFS(wgt: wgt, val: val, i: i - 1, c: c - wgt[i - 1]) + val[i - 1]\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\u4ef7\u503c\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u4e2a\n    return max(no, yes)\n}\n
    knapsack.js
    /* 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22 */\nfunction knapsackDFS(wgt, val, i, c) {\n    // \u82e5\u5df2\u9009\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u7269\u54c1\u6216\u80cc\u5305\u65e0\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u4ef7\u503c 0\n    if (i === 0 || c === 0) {\n        return 0;\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u80fd\u9009\u62e9\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u80cc\u5305\n    if (wgt[i - 1] > c) {\n        return knapsackDFS(wgt, val, i - 1, c);\n    }\n    // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u548c\u653e\u5165\u7269\u54c1 i \u7684\u6700\u5927\u4ef7\u503c\n    const no = knapsackDFS(wgt, val, i - 1, c);\n    const yes = knapsackDFS(wgt, val, i - 1, c - wgt[i - 1]) + val[i - 1];\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\u4ef7\u503c\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u4e2a\n    return Math.max(no, yes);\n}\n
    knapsack.ts
    /* 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22 */\nfunction knapsackDFS(\n    wgt: Array<number>,\n    val: Array<number>,\n    i: number,\n    c: number\n): number {\n    // \u82e5\u5df2\u9009\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u7269\u54c1\u6216\u80cc\u5305\u65e0\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u4ef7\u503c 0\n    if (i === 0 || c === 0) {\n        return 0;\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u80fd\u9009\u62e9\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u80cc\u5305\n    if (wgt[i - 1] > c) {\n        return knapsackDFS(wgt, val, i - 1, c);\n    }\n    // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u548c\u653e\u5165\u7269\u54c1 i \u7684\u6700\u5927\u4ef7\u503c\n    const no = knapsackDFS(wgt, val, i - 1, c);\n    const yes = knapsackDFS(wgt, val, i - 1, c - wgt[i - 1]) + val[i - 1];\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\u4ef7\u503c\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u4e2a\n    return Math.max(no, yes);\n}\n
    knapsack.dart
    /* 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22 */\nint knapsackDFS(List<int> wgt, List<int> val, int i, int c) {\n  // \u82e5\u5df2\u9009\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u7269\u54c1\u6216\u80cc\u5305\u65e0\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u4ef7\u503c 0\n  if (i == 0 || c == 0) {\n    return 0;\n  }\n  // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u80fd\u9009\u62e9\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u80cc\u5305\n  if (wgt[i - 1] > c) {\n    return knapsackDFS(wgt, val, i - 1, c);\n  }\n  // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u548c\u653e\u5165\u7269\u54c1 i \u7684\u6700\u5927\u4ef7\u503c\n  int no = knapsackDFS(wgt, val, i - 1, c);\n  int yes = knapsackDFS(wgt, val, i - 1, c - wgt[i - 1]) + val[i - 1];\n  // \u8fd4\u56de\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\u4ef7\u503c\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u4e2a\n  return max(no, yes);\n}\n
    knapsack.rs
    /* 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22 */\nfn knapsack_dfs(wgt: &[i32], val: &[i32], i: usize, c: usize) -> i32 {\n    // \u82e5\u5df2\u9009\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u7269\u54c1\u6216\u80cc\u5305\u65e0\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u4ef7\u503c 0\n    if i == 0 || c == 0 {\n        return 0;\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u80fd\u9009\u62e9\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u80cc\u5305\n    if wgt[i - 1] > c as i32 {\n        return knapsack_dfs(wgt, val, i - 1, c);\n    }\n    // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u548c\u653e\u5165\u7269\u54c1 i \u7684\u6700\u5927\u4ef7\u503c\n    let no = knapsack_dfs(wgt, val, i - 1, c);\n    let yes = knapsack_dfs(wgt, val, i - 1, c - wgt[i - 1] as usize) + val[i - 1];\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\u4ef7\u503c\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u4e2a\n    std::cmp::max(no, yes)\n}\n
    knapsack.c
    /* 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22 */\nint knapsackDFS(int wgt[], int val[], int i, int c) {\n    // \u82e5\u5df2\u9009\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u7269\u54c1\u6216\u80cc\u5305\u65e0\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u4ef7\u503c 0\n    if (i == 0 || c == 0) {\n        return 0;\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u80fd\u9009\u62e9\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u80cc\u5305\n    if (wgt[i - 1] > c) {\n        return knapsackDFS(wgt, val, i - 1, c);\n    }\n    // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u548c\u653e\u5165\u7269\u54c1 i \u7684\u6700\u5927\u4ef7\u503c\n    int no = knapsackDFS(wgt, val, i - 1, c);\n    int yes = knapsackDFS(wgt, val, i - 1, c - wgt[i - 1]) + val[i - 1];\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\u4ef7\u503c\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u4e2a\n    return myMax(no, yes);\n}\n
    knapsack.zig
    // 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22\nfn knapsackDFS(wgt: []i32, val: []i32, i: usize, c: usize) i32 {\n    // \u82e5\u5df2\u9009\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u7269\u54c1\u6216\u80cc\u5305\u65e0\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u4ef7\u503c 0\n    if (i == 0 or c == 0) {\n        return 0;\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u80fd\u9009\u62e9\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u80cc\u5305\n    if (wgt[i - 1] > c) {\n        return knapsackDFS(wgt, val, i - 1, c);\n    }\n    // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u548c\u653e\u5165\u7269\u54c1 i \u7684\u6700\u5927\u4ef7\u503c\n    var no = knapsackDFS(wgt, val, i - 1, c);\n    var yes = knapsackDFS(wgt, val, i - 1, c - @as(usize, @intCast(wgt[i - 1]))) + val[i - 1];\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\u4ef7\u503c\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u4e2a\n    return @max(no, yes);\n}\n

    \u5982\u56fe 14-18 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7269\u54c1\u90fd\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u4e24\u6761\u641c\u7d22\u5206\u652f\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(2^n)\\) \u3002

    \u89c2\u5bdf\u9012\u5f52\u6811\uff0c\u5bb9\u6613\u53d1\u73b0\u5176\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u91cd\u53e0\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 \\(dp[1, 10]\\) \u7b49\u3002\u800c\u5f53\u7269\u54c1\u8f83\u591a\u3001\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\u8f83\u5927\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u76f8\u540c\u91cd\u91cf\u7684\u7269\u54c1\u8f83\u591a\u65f6\uff0c\u91cd\u53e0\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u5c06\u4f1a\u5927\u5e45\u589e\u591a\u3002

    \u56fe 14-18 \u00a0 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22\u9012\u5f52\u6811

    "},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/knapsack_problem/#2","title":"2. \u00a0 \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e8c\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22","text":"

    \u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u8bc1\u91cd\u53e0\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u53ea\u88ab\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u501f\u52a9\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5217\u8868 mem \u6765\u8bb0\u5f55\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d mem[i][c] \u5bf9\u5e94 \\(dp[i, c]\\) \u3002

    \u5f15\u5165\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f \\(O(n \\times cap)\\) \u3002\u5b9e\u73b0\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig knapsack.py
    def knapsack_dfs_mem(\n    wgt: list[int], val: list[int], mem: list[list[int]], i: int, c: int\n) -> int:\n    \"\"\"0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22\"\"\"\n    # \u82e5\u5df2\u9009\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u7269\u54c1\u6216\u80cc\u5305\u65e0\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u4ef7\u503c 0\n    if i == 0 or c == 0:\n        return 0\n    # \u82e5\u5df2\u6709\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n    if mem[i][c] != -1:\n        return mem[i][c]\n    # \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u80fd\u9009\u62e9\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u80cc\u5305\n    if wgt[i - 1] > c:\n        return knapsack_dfs_mem(wgt, val, mem, i - 1, c)\n    # \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u548c\u653e\u5165\u7269\u54c1 i \u7684\u6700\u5927\u4ef7\u503c\n    no = knapsack_dfs_mem(wgt, val, mem, i - 1, c)\n    yes = knapsack_dfs_mem(wgt, val, mem, i - 1, c - wgt[i - 1]) + val[i - 1]\n    # \u8bb0\u5f55\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\u4ef7\u503c\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u4e2a\n    mem[i][c] = max(no, yes)\n    return mem[i][c]\n
    knapsack.cpp
    /* 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nint knapsackDFSMem(vector<int> &wgt, vector<int> &val, vector<vector<int>> &mem, int i, int c) {\n    // \u82e5\u5df2\u9009\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u7269\u54c1\u6216\u80cc\u5305\u65e0\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u4ef7\u503c 0\n    if (i == 0 || c == 0) {\n        return 0;\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u5df2\u6709\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n    if (mem[i][c] != -1) {\n        return mem[i][c];\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u80fd\u9009\u62e9\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u80cc\u5305\n    if (wgt[i - 1] > c) {\n        return knapsackDFSMem(wgt, val, mem, i - 1, c);\n    }\n    // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u548c\u653e\u5165\u7269\u54c1 i \u7684\u6700\u5927\u4ef7\u503c\n    int no = knapsackDFSMem(wgt, val, mem, i - 1, c);\n    int yes = knapsackDFSMem(wgt, val, mem, i - 1, c - wgt[i - 1]) + val[i - 1];\n    // \u8bb0\u5f55\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\u4ef7\u503c\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u4e2a\n    mem[i][c] = max(no, yes);\n    return mem[i][c];\n}\n
    knapsack.java
    /* 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nint knapsackDFSMem(int[] wgt, int[] val, int[][] mem, int i, int c) {\n    // \u82e5\u5df2\u9009\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u7269\u54c1\u6216\u80cc\u5305\u65e0\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u4ef7\u503c 0\n    if (i == 0 || c == 0) {\n        return 0;\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u5df2\u6709\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n    if (mem[i][c] != -1) {\n        return mem[i][c];\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u80fd\u9009\u62e9\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u80cc\u5305\n    if (wgt[i - 1] > c) {\n        return knapsackDFSMem(wgt, val, mem, i - 1, c);\n    }\n    // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u548c\u653e\u5165\u7269\u54c1 i \u7684\u6700\u5927\u4ef7\u503c\n    int no = knapsackDFSMem(wgt, val, mem, i - 1, c);\n    int yes = knapsackDFSMem(wgt, val, mem, i - 1, c - wgt[i - 1]) + val[i - 1];\n    // \u8bb0\u5f55\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\u4ef7\u503c\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u4e2a\n    mem[i][c] = Math.max(no, yes);\n    return mem[i][c];\n}\n
    knapsack.cs
    /* 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nint KnapsackDFSMem(int[] weight, int[] val, int[][] mem, int i, int c) {\n    // \u82e5\u5df2\u9009\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u7269\u54c1\u6216\u80cc\u5305\u65e0\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u4ef7\u503c 0\n    if (i == 0 || c == 0) {\n        return 0;\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u5df2\u6709\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n    if (mem[i][c] != -1) {\n        return mem[i][c];\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u80fd\u9009\u62e9\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u80cc\u5305\n    if (weight[i - 1] > c) {\n        return KnapsackDFSMem(weight, val, mem, i - 1, c);\n    }\n    // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u548c\u653e\u5165\u7269\u54c1 i \u7684\u6700\u5927\u4ef7\u503c\n    int no = KnapsackDFSMem(weight, val, mem, i - 1, c);\n    int yes = KnapsackDFSMem(weight, val, mem, i - 1, c - weight[i - 1]) + val[i - 1];\n    // \u8bb0\u5f55\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\u4ef7\u503c\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u4e2a\n    mem[i][c] = Math.Max(no, yes);\n    return mem[i][c];\n}\n
    knapsack.go
    /* 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nfunc knapsackDFSMem(wgt, val []int, mem [][]int, i, c int) int {\n    // \u82e5\u5df2\u9009\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u7269\u54c1\u6216\u80cc\u5305\u65e0\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u4ef7\u503c 0\n    if i == 0 || c == 0 {\n        return 0\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u5df2\u6709\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n    if mem[i][c] != -1 {\n        return mem[i][c]\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u80fd\u9009\u62e9\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u80cc\u5305\n    if wgt[i-1] > c {\n        return knapsackDFSMem(wgt, val, mem, i-1, c)\n    }\n    // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u548c\u653e\u5165\u7269\u54c1 i \u7684\u6700\u5927\u4ef7\u503c\n    no := knapsackDFSMem(wgt, val, mem, i-1, c)\n    yes := knapsackDFSMem(wgt, val, mem, i-1, c-wgt[i-1]) + val[i-1]\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\u4ef7\u503c\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u4e2a\n    mem[i][c] = int(math.Max(float64(no), float64(yes)))\n    return mem[i][c]\n}\n
    knapsack.swift
    /* 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nfunc knapsackDFSMem(wgt: [Int], val: [Int], mem: inout [[Int]], i: Int, c: Int) -> Int {\n    // \u82e5\u5df2\u9009\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u7269\u54c1\u6216\u80cc\u5305\u65e0\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u4ef7\u503c 0\n    if i == 0 || c == 0 {\n        return 0\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u5df2\u6709\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n    if mem[i][c] != -1 {\n        return mem[i][c]\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u80fd\u9009\u62e9\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u80cc\u5305\n    if wgt[i - 1] > c {\n        return knapsackDFSMem(wgt: wgt, val: val, mem: &mem, i: i - 1, c: c)\n    }\n    // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u548c\u653e\u5165\u7269\u54c1 i \u7684\u6700\u5927\u4ef7\u503c\n    let no = knapsackDFSMem(wgt: wgt, val: val, mem: &mem, i: i - 1, c: c)\n    let yes = knapsackDFSMem(wgt: wgt, val: val, mem: &mem, i: i - 1, c: c - wgt[i - 1]) + val[i - 1]\n    // \u8bb0\u5f55\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\u4ef7\u503c\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u4e2a\n    mem[i][c] = max(no, yes)\n    return mem[i][c]\n}\n
    knapsack.js
    /* 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nfunction knapsackDFSMem(wgt, val, mem, i, c) {\n    // \u82e5\u5df2\u9009\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u7269\u54c1\u6216\u80cc\u5305\u65e0\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u4ef7\u503c 0\n    if (i === 0 || c === 0) {\n        return 0;\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u5df2\u6709\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n    if (mem[i][c] !== -1) {\n        return mem[i][c];\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u80fd\u9009\u62e9\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u80cc\u5305\n    if (wgt[i - 1] > c) {\n        return knapsackDFSMem(wgt, val, mem, i - 1, c);\n    }\n    // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u548c\u653e\u5165\u7269\u54c1 i \u7684\u6700\u5927\u4ef7\u503c\n    const no = knapsackDFSMem(wgt, val, mem, i - 1, c);\n    const yes =\n        knapsackDFSMem(wgt, val, mem, i - 1, c - wgt[i - 1]) + val[i - 1];\n    // \u8bb0\u5f55\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\u4ef7\u503c\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u4e2a\n    mem[i][c] = Math.max(no, yes);\n    return mem[i][c];\n}\n
    knapsack.ts
    /* 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nfunction knapsackDFSMem(\n    wgt: Array<number>,\n    val: Array<number>,\n    mem: Array<Array<number>>,\n    i: number,\n    c: number\n): number {\n    // \u82e5\u5df2\u9009\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u7269\u54c1\u6216\u80cc\u5305\u65e0\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u4ef7\u503c 0\n    if (i === 0 || c === 0) {\n        return 0;\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u5df2\u6709\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n    if (mem[i][c] !== -1) {\n        return mem[i][c];\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u80fd\u9009\u62e9\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u80cc\u5305\n    if (wgt[i - 1] > c) {\n        return knapsackDFSMem(wgt, val, mem, i - 1, c);\n    }\n    // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u548c\u653e\u5165\u7269\u54c1 i \u7684\u6700\u5927\u4ef7\u503c\n    const no = knapsackDFSMem(wgt, val, mem, i - 1, c);\n    const yes =\n        knapsackDFSMem(wgt, val, mem, i - 1, c - wgt[i - 1]) + val[i - 1];\n    // \u8bb0\u5f55\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\u4ef7\u503c\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u4e2a\n    mem[i][c] = Math.max(no, yes);\n    return mem[i][c];\n}\n
    knapsack.dart
    /* 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nint knapsackDFSMem(\n  List<int> wgt,\n  List<int> val,\n  List<List<int>> mem,\n  int i,\n  int c,\n) {\n  // \u82e5\u5df2\u9009\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u7269\u54c1\u6216\u80cc\u5305\u65e0\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u4ef7\u503c 0\n  if (i == 0 || c == 0) {\n    return 0;\n  }\n  // \u82e5\u5df2\u6709\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n  if (mem[i][c] != -1) {\n    return mem[i][c];\n  }\n  // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u80fd\u9009\u62e9\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u80cc\u5305\n  if (wgt[i - 1] > c) {\n    return knapsackDFSMem(wgt, val, mem, i - 1, c);\n  }\n  // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u548c\u653e\u5165\u7269\u54c1 i \u7684\u6700\u5927\u4ef7\u503c\n  int no = knapsackDFSMem(wgt, val, mem, i - 1, c);\n  int yes = knapsackDFSMem(wgt, val, mem, i - 1, c - wgt[i - 1]) + val[i - 1];\n  // \u8bb0\u5f55\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\u4ef7\u503c\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u4e2a\n  mem[i][c] = max(no, yes);\n  return mem[i][c];\n}\n
    knapsack.rs
    /* 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nfn knapsack_dfs_mem(wgt: &[i32], val: &[i32], mem: &mut Vec<Vec<i32>>, i: usize, c: usize) -> i32 {\n    // \u82e5\u5df2\u9009\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u7269\u54c1\u6216\u80cc\u5305\u65e0\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u4ef7\u503c 0\n    if i == 0 || c == 0 {\n        return 0;\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u5df2\u6709\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n    if mem[i][c] != -1 {\n        return mem[i][c];\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u80fd\u9009\u62e9\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u80cc\u5305\n    if wgt[i - 1] > c as i32 {\n        return knapsack_dfs_mem(wgt, val, mem, i - 1, c);\n    }\n    // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u548c\u653e\u5165\u7269\u54c1 i \u7684\u6700\u5927\u4ef7\u503c\n    let no = knapsack_dfs_mem(wgt, val, mem, i - 1, c);\n    let yes = knapsack_dfs_mem(wgt, val, mem, i - 1, c - wgt[i - 1] as usize) + val[i - 1];\n    // \u8bb0\u5f55\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\u4ef7\u503c\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u4e2a\n    mem[i][c] = std::cmp::max(no, yes);\n    mem[i][c]\n}\n
    knapsack.c
    /* 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22 */\nint knapsackDFSMem(int wgt[], int val[], int memCols, int **mem, int i, int c) {\n    // \u82e5\u5df2\u9009\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u7269\u54c1\u6216\u80cc\u5305\u65e0\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u4ef7\u503c 0\n    if (i == 0 || c == 0) {\n        return 0;\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u5df2\u6709\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n    if (mem[i][c] != -1) {\n        return mem[i][c];\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u80fd\u9009\u62e9\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u80cc\u5305\n    if (wgt[i - 1] > c) {\n        return knapsackDFSMem(wgt, val, memCols, mem, i - 1, c);\n    }\n    // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u548c\u653e\u5165\u7269\u54c1 i \u7684\u6700\u5927\u4ef7\u503c\n    int no = knapsackDFSMem(wgt, val, memCols, mem, i - 1, c);\n    int yes = knapsackDFSMem(wgt, val, memCols, mem, i - 1, c - wgt[i - 1]) + val[i - 1];\n    // \u8bb0\u5f55\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\u4ef7\u503c\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u4e2a\n    mem[i][c] = myMax(no, yes);\n    return mem[i][c];\n}\n
    knapsack.zig
    // 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22\nfn knapsackDFSMem(wgt: []i32, val: []i32, mem: anytype, i: usize, c: usize) i32 {\n    // \u82e5\u5df2\u9009\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u7269\u54c1\u6216\u80cc\u5305\u65e0\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u4ef7\u503c 0\n    if (i == 0 or c == 0) {\n        return 0;\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u5df2\u6709\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n    if (mem[i][c] != -1) {\n        return mem[i][c];\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u80fd\u9009\u62e9\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u80cc\u5305\n    if (wgt[i - 1] > c) {\n        return knapsackDFSMem(wgt, val, mem, i - 1, c);\n    }\n    // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u548c\u653e\u5165\u7269\u54c1 i \u7684\u6700\u5927\u4ef7\u503c\n    var no = knapsackDFSMem(wgt, val, mem, i - 1, c);\n    var yes = knapsackDFSMem(wgt, val, mem, i - 1, c - @as(usize, @intCast(wgt[i - 1]))) + val[i - 1];\n    // \u8bb0\u5f55\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\u4ef7\u503c\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u4e2a\n    mem[i][c] = @max(no, yes);\n    return mem[i][c];\n}\n

    \u56fe 14-19 \u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5728\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22\u4e2d\u88ab\u526a\u6389\u7684\u641c\u7d22\u5206\u652f\u3002

    \u56fe 14-19 \u00a0 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22\u9012\u5f52\u6811

    "},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/knapsack_problem/#3","title":"3. \u00a0 \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e09\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212","text":"

    \u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u5b9e\u8d28\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u4e2d\u586b\u5145 \\(dp\\) \u8868\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig knapsack.py
    def knapsack_dp(wgt: list[int], val: list[int], cap: int) -> int:\n    \"\"\"0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\"\"\"\n    n = len(wgt)\n    # \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    dp = [[0] * (cap + 1) for _ in range(n + 1)]\n    # \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for i in range(1, n + 1):\n        for c in range(1, cap + 1):\n            if wgt[i - 1] > c:\n                # \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i\n                dp[i][c] = dp[i - 1][c]\n            else:\n                # \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\n                dp[i][c] = max(dp[i - 1][c], dp[i - 1][c - wgt[i - 1]] + val[i - 1])\n    return dp[n][cap]\n
    knapsack.cpp
    /* 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint knapsackDP(vector<int> &wgt, vector<int> &val, int cap) {\n    int n = wgt.size();\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    vector<vector<int>> dp(n + 1, vector<int>(cap + 1, 0));\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        for (int c = 1; c <= cap; c++) {\n            if (wgt[i - 1] > c) {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i\n                dp[i][c] = dp[i - 1][c];\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\n                dp[i][c] = max(dp[i - 1][c], dp[i - 1][c - wgt[i - 1]] + val[i - 1]);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[n][cap];\n}\n
    knapsack.java
    /* 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint knapsackDP(int[] wgt, int[] val, int cap) {\n    int n = wgt.length;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    int[][] dp = new int[n + 1][cap + 1];\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        for (int c = 1; c <= cap; c++) {\n            if (wgt[i - 1] > c) {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i\n                dp[i][c] = dp[i - 1][c];\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\n                dp[i][c] = Math.max(dp[i - 1][c], dp[i - 1][c - wgt[i - 1]] + val[i - 1]);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[n][cap];\n}\n
    knapsack.cs
    /* 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint KnapsackDP(int[] weight, int[] val, int cap) {\n    int n = weight.Length;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    int[,] dp = new int[n + 1, cap + 1];\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        for (int c = 1; c <= cap; c++) {\n            if (weight[i - 1] > c) {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i\n                dp[i, c] = dp[i - 1, c];\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\n                dp[i, c] = Math.Max(dp[i - 1, c - weight[i - 1]] + val[i - 1], dp[i - 1, c]);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[n, cap];\n}\n
    knapsack.go
    /* 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunc knapsackDP(wgt, val []int, cap int) int {\n    n := len(wgt)\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    dp := make([][]int, n+1)\n    for i := 0; i <= n; i++ {\n        dp[i] = make([]int, cap+1)\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for i := 1; i <= n; i++ {\n        for c := 1; c <= cap; c++ {\n            if wgt[i-1] > c {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i\n                dp[i][c] = dp[i-1][c]\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\n                dp[i][c] = int(math.Max(float64(dp[i-1][c]), float64(dp[i-1][c-wgt[i-1]]+val[i-1])))\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[n][cap]\n}\n
    knapsack.swift
    /* 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunc knapsackDP(wgt: [Int], val: [Int], cap: Int) -> Int {\n    let n = wgt.count\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    var dp = Array(repeating: Array(repeating: 0, count: cap + 1), count: n + 1)\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for i in stride(from: 1, through: n, by: 1) {\n        for c in stride(from: 1, through: cap, by: 1) {\n            if wgt[i - 1] > c {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i\n                dp[i][c] = dp[i - 1][c]\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\n                dp[i][c] = max(dp[i - 1][c], dp[i - 1][c - wgt[i - 1]] + val[i - 1])\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[n][cap]\n}\n
    knapsack.js
    /* 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunction knapsackDP(wgt, val, cap) {\n    const n = wgt.length;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    const dp = Array(n + 1)\n        .fill(0)\n        .map(() => Array(cap + 1).fill(0));\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for (let i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        for (let c = 1; c <= cap; c++) {\n            if (wgt[i - 1] > c) {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i\n                dp[i][c] = dp[i - 1][c];\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\n                dp[i][c] = Math.max(\n                    dp[i - 1][c],\n                    dp[i - 1][c - wgt[i - 1]] + val[i - 1]\n                );\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[n][cap];\n}\n
    knapsack.ts
    /* 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunction knapsackDP(\n    wgt: Array<number>,\n    val: Array<number>,\n    cap: number\n): number {\n    const n = wgt.length;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    const dp = Array.from({ length: n + 1 }, () =>\n        Array.from({ length: cap + 1 }, () => 0)\n    );\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for (let i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        for (let c = 1; c <= cap; c++) {\n            if (wgt[i - 1] > c) {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i\n                dp[i][c] = dp[i - 1][c];\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\n                dp[i][c] = Math.max(\n                    dp[i - 1][c],\n                    dp[i - 1][c - wgt[i - 1]] + val[i - 1]\n                );\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[n][cap];\n}\n
    knapsack.dart
    /* 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint knapsackDP(List<int> wgt, List<int> val, int cap) {\n  int n = wgt.length;\n  // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n  List<List<int>> dp = List.generate(n + 1, (index) => List.filled(cap + 1, 0));\n  // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n  for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n    for (int c = 1; c <= cap; c++) {\n      if (wgt[i - 1] > c) {\n        // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i\n        dp[i][c] = dp[i - 1][c];\n      } else {\n        // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\n        dp[i][c] = max(dp[i - 1][c], dp[i - 1][c - wgt[i - 1]] + val[i - 1]);\n      }\n    }\n  }\n  return dp[n][cap];\n}\n
    knapsack.rs
    /* 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfn knapsack_dp(wgt: &[i32], val: &[i32], cap: usize) -> i32 {\n    let n = wgt.len();\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    let mut dp = vec![vec![0; cap + 1]; n + 1];\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for i in 1..=n {\n        for c in 1..=cap {\n            if wgt[i - 1] > c as i32 {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i\n                dp[i][c] = dp[i - 1][c];\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\n                dp[i][c] = std::cmp::max(dp[i - 1][c], dp[i - 1][c - wgt[i - 1] as usize] + val[i - 1]);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    dp[n][cap]\n}\n
    knapsack.c
    /* 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint knapsackDP(int wgt[], int val[], int cap, int wgtSize) {\n    int n = wgtSize;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    int **dp = malloc((n + 1) * sizeof(int *));\n    for (int i = 0; i <= n; i++) {\n        dp[i] = calloc(cap + 1, sizeof(int));\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        for (int c = 1; c <= cap; c++) {\n            if (wgt[i - 1] > c) {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i\n                dp[i][c] = dp[i - 1][c];\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\n                dp[i][c] = myMax(dp[i - 1][c], dp[i - 1][c - wgt[i - 1]] + val[i - 1]);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    int res = dp[n][cap];\n    // \u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\n    for (int i = 0; i <= n; i++) {\n        free(dp[i]);\n    }\n    return res;\n}\n
    knapsack.zig
    // 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\nfn knapsackDP(comptime wgt: []i32, val: []i32, comptime cap: usize) i32 {\n    comptime var n = wgt.len;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    var dp = [_][cap + 1]i32{[_]i32{0} ** (cap + 1)} ** (n + 1);\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for (1..n + 1) |i| {\n        for (1..cap + 1) |c| {\n            if (wgt[i - 1] > c) {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i\n                dp[i][c] = dp[i - 1][c];\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\n                dp[i][c] = @max(dp[i - 1][c], dp[i - 1][c - @as(usize, @intCast(wgt[i - 1]))] + val[i - 1]);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[n][cap];\n}\n

    \u5982\u56fe 14-20 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u90fd\u7531\u6570\u7ec4 dp \u5927\u5c0f\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u5373 \\(O(n \\times cap)\\) \u3002

    <1><2><3><4><5><6><7><8><9><10><11><12><13><14>

    \u56fe 14-20 \u00a0 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u8fc7\u7a0b

    "},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/knapsack_problem/#4","title":"4. \u00a0 \u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316","text":"

    \u7531\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u90fd\u53ea\u4e0e\u5176\u4e0a\u4e00\u884c\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4e24\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\u6eda\u52a8\u524d\u8fdb\uff0c\u5c06\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4ece \\(O(n^2)\\) \u964d\u81f3 \\(O(n)\\) \u3002

    \u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u5426\u4ec5\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u5462\uff1f\u89c2\u5bdf\u53ef\u77e5\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u90fd\u662f\u7531\u6b63\u4e0a\u65b9\u6216\u5de6\u4e0a\u65b9\u7684\u683c\u5b50\u8f6c\u79fb\u8fc7\u6765\u7684\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5f53\u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\u7b2c \\(i\\) \u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u8be5\u6570\u7ec4\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u7b2c \\(i-1\\) \u884c\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002

    • \u5982\u679c\u91c7\u53d6\u6b63\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u904d\u5386\u5230 \\(dp[i, j]\\) \u65f6\uff0c\u5de6\u4e0a\u65b9 \\(dp[i-1, 1]\\) ~ \\(dp[i-1, j-1]\\) \u503c\u53ef\u80fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u8986\u76d6\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u5c31\u65e0\u6cd5\u5f97\u5230\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u7ed3\u679c\u3002
    • \u5982\u679c\u91c7\u53d6\u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u8986\u76d6\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u53ef\u4ee5\u6b63\u786e\u8fdb\u884c\u3002

    \u56fe 14-21 \u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5728\u5355\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\u4e0b\u4ece\u7b2c \\(i = 1\\) \u884c\u8f6c\u6362\u81f3\u7b2c \\(i = 2\\) \u884c\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u8bf7\u601d\u8003\u6b63\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u548c\u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u7684\u533a\u522b\u3002

    <1><2><3><4><5><6>

    \u56fe 14-21 \u00a0 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u8fc7\u7a0b

    \u5728\u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4ec5\u9700\u5c06\u6570\u7ec4 dp \u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ef4 \\(i\\) \u76f4\u63a5\u5220\u9664\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u628a\u5185\u5faa\u73af\u66f4\u6539\u4e3a\u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u5373\u53ef\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig knapsack.py
    def knapsack_dp_comp(wgt: list[int], val: list[int], cap: int) -> int:\n    \"\"\"0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\"\"\"\n    n = len(wgt)\n    # \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    dp = [0] * (cap + 1)\n    # \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for i in range(1, n + 1):\n        # \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\n        for c in range(cap, 0, -1):\n            if wgt[i - 1] > c:\n                # \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i\n                dp[c] = dp[c]\n            else:\n                # \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\n                dp[c] = max(dp[c], dp[c - wgt[i - 1]] + val[i - 1])\n    return dp[cap]\n
    knapsack.cpp
    /* 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint knapsackDPComp(vector<int> &wgt, vector<int> &val, int cap) {\n    int n = wgt.size();\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    vector<int> dp(cap + 1, 0);\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        // \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\n        for (int c = cap; c >= 1; c--) {\n            if (wgt[i - 1] <= c) {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\n                dp[c] = max(dp[c], dp[c - wgt[i - 1]] + val[i - 1]);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[cap];\n}\n
    knapsack.java
    /* 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint knapsackDPComp(int[] wgt, int[] val, int cap) {\n    int n = wgt.length;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    int[] dp = new int[cap + 1];\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        // \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\n        for (int c = cap; c >= 1; c--) {\n            if (wgt[i - 1] <= c) {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\n                dp[c] = Math.max(dp[c], dp[c - wgt[i - 1]] + val[i - 1]);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[cap];\n}\n
    knapsack.cs
    /* 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint KnapsackDPComp(int[] weight, int[] val, int cap) {\n    int n = weight.Length;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    int[] dp = new int[cap + 1];\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        // \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\n        for (int c = cap; c > 0; c--) {\n            if (weight[i - 1] > c) {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i\n                dp[c] = dp[c];\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\n                dp[c] = Math.Max(dp[c], dp[c - weight[i - 1]] + val[i - 1]);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[cap];\n}\n
    knapsack.go
    /* 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunc knapsackDPComp(wgt, val []int, cap int) int {\n    n := len(wgt)\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    dp := make([]int, cap+1)\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for i := 1; i <= n; i++ {\n        // \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\n        for c := cap; c >= 1; c-- {\n            if wgt[i-1] <= c {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\n                dp[c] = int(math.Max(float64(dp[c]), float64(dp[c-wgt[i-1]]+val[i-1])))\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[cap]\n}\n
    knapsack.swift
    /* 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunc knapsackDPComp(wgt: [Int], val: [Int], cap: Int) -> Int {\n    let n = wgt.count\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    var dp = Array(repeating: 0, count: cap + 1)\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for i in stride(from: 1, through: n, by: 1) {\n        // \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\n        for c in stride(from: cap, through: 1, by: -1) {\n            if wgt[i - 1] <= c {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\n                dp[c] = max(dp[c], dp[c - wgt[i - 1]] + val[i - 1])\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[cap]\n}\n
    knapsack.js
    /* 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunction knapsackDPComp(wgt, val, cap) {\n    const n = wgt.length;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    const dp = Array(cap + 1).fill(0);\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for (let i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        // \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\n        for (let c = cap; c >= 1; c--) {\n            if (wgt[i - 1] <= c) {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\n                dp[c] = Math.max(dp[c], dp[c - wgt[i - 1]] + val[i - 1]);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[cap];\n}\n
    knapsack.ts
    /* 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunction knapsackDPComp(\n    wgt: Array<number>,\n    val: Array<number>,\n    cap: number\n): number {\n    const n = wgt.length;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    const dp = Array(cap + 1).fill(0);\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for (let i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        // \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\n        for (let c = cap; c >= 1; c--) {\n            if (wgt[i - 1] <= c) {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\n                dp[c] = Math.max(dp[c], dp[c - wgt[i - 1]] + val[i - 1]);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[cap];\n}\n
    knapsack.dart
    /* 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint knapsackDPComp(List<int> wgt, List<int> val, int cap) {\n  int n = wgt.length;\n  // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n  List<int> dp = List.filled(cap + 1, 0);\n  // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n  for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n    // \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\n    for (int c = cap; c >= 1; c--) {\n      if (wgt[i - 1] <= c) {\n        // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\n        dp[c] = max(dp[c], dp[c - wgt[i - 1]] + val[i - 1]);\n      }\n    }\n  }\n  return dp[cap];\n}\n
    knapsack.rs
    /* 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfn knapsack_dp_comp(wgt: &[i32], val: &[i32], cap: usize) -> i32 {\n    let n = wgt.len();\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    let mut dp = vec![0; cap + 1];\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for i in 1..=n {\n        // \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\n        for c in (1..=cap).rev() {\n            if wgt[i - 1] <= c as i32 {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\n                dp[c] = std::cmp::max(dp[c], dp[c - wgt[i - 1] as usize] + val[i - 1]);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    dp[cap]\n}\n
    knapsack.c
    /* 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint knapsackDPComp(int wgt[], int val[], int cap, int wgtSize) {\n    int n = wgtSize;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    int *dp = calloc(cap + 1, sizeof(int));\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        // \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\n        for (int c = cap; c >= 1; c--) {\n            if (wgt[i - 1] <= c) {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\n                dp[c] = myMax(dp[c], dp[c - wgt[i - 1]] + val[i - 1]);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    int res = dp[cap];\n    // \u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\n    free(dp);\n    return res;\n}\n
    knapsack.zig
    // 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\nfn knapsackDPComp(wgt: []i32, val: []i32, comptime cap: usize) i32 {\n    var n = wgt.len;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    var dp = [_]i32{0} ** (cap + 1);\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for (1..n + 1) |i| {\n        // \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\n        var c = cap;\n        while (c > 0) : (c -= 1) {\n            if (wgt[i - 1] < c) {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\n                dp[c] = @max(dp[c], dp[c - @as(usize, @intCast(wgt[i - 1]))] + val[i - 1]);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[cap];\n}\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/summary/","title":"14.7 \u00a0 \u5c0f\u7ed3","text":"
    • \u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u5bf9\u95ee\u9898\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u89e3\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u5b58\u50a8\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u6765\u89c4\u907f\u91cd\u590d\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u8ba1\u7b97\u6548\u7387\u3002
    • \u4e0d\u8003\u8651\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u95ee\u9898\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u56de\u6eaf\uff08\u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22\uff09\u8fdb\u884c\u6c42\u89e3\uff0c\u4f46\u9012\u5f52\u6811\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u91cd\u53e0\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6548\u7387\u6781\u4f4e\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5f15\u5165\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b58\u50a8\u6240\u6709\u8ba1\u7b97\u8fc7\u7684\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4fdd\u8bc1\u91cd\u53e0\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u53ea\u88ab\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e00\u6b21\u3002
    • \u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u7684\u9012\u5f52\u5f0f\u89e3\u6cd5\uff0c\u800c\u4e0e\u4e4b\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4ece\u5e95\u81f3\u9876\u7684\u9012\u63a8\u5f0f\u89e3\u6cd5\uff0c\u5176\u5982\u540c\u201c\u586b\u5199\u8868\u683c\u201d\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u4ec5\u4f9d\u8d56\u67d0\u4e9b\u5c40\u90e8\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6d88\u9664 \\(dp\\) \u8868\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ef4\u5ea6\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u964d\u4f4e\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u3002
    • \u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u5206\u89e3\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u901a\u7528\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u601d\u8def\uff0c\u5728\u5206\u6cbb\u3001\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u3001\u56de\u6eaf\u4e2d\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u3002
    • \u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u95ee\u9898\u6709\u4e09\u5927\u7279\u6027\uff1a\u91cd\u53e0\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u3001\u6700\u4f18\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u65e0\u540e\u6548\u6027\u3002
    • \u5982\u679c\u539f\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u6784\u5efa\u5f97\u6765\uff0c\u5219\u5b83\u5c31\u5177\u6709\u6700\u4f18\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u3002
    • \u65e0\u540e\u6548\u6027\u6307\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5176\u672a\u6765\u53d1\u5c55\u53ea\u4e0e\u8be5\u72b6\u6001\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u800c\u4e0e\u8fc7\u53bb\u7ecf\u5386\u7684\u6240\u6709\u72b6\u6001\u65e0\u5173\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u7ec4\u5408\u4f18\u5316\u95ee\u9898\u4e0d\u5177\u6709\u65e0\u540e\u6548\u6027\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u4f7f\u7528\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u5feb\u901f\u6c42\u89e3\u3002

    \u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898

    • \u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u6700\u5178\u578b\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u95ee\u9898\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5177\u6709 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\u3001\u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\u3001\u591a\u91cd\u80cc\u5305\u7b49\u53d8\u79cd\u3002
    • 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u524d \\(i\\) \u4e2a\u7269\u54c1\u5728\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e3a \\(c\\) \u7684\u80cc\u5305\u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u6839\u636e\u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u80cc\u5305\u548c\u653e\u5165\u80cc\u5305\u4e24\u79cd\u51b3\u7b56\uff0c\u53ef\u5f97\u5230\u6700\u4f18\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5e76\u6784\u5efa\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u65b9\u7a0b\u3002\u5728\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u4e2d\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u4f9d\u8d56\u6b63\u4e0a\u65b9\u548c\u5de6\u4e0a\u65b9\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u5de6\u4e0a\u65b9\u72b6\u6001\u88ab\u8986\u76d6\u3002
    • \u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6bcf\u79cd\u7269\u54c1\u7684\u9009\u53d6\u6570\u91cf\u65e0\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9009\u62e9\u653e\u5165\u7269\u54c1\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u4e0e 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u72b6\u6001\u4f9d\u8d56\u6b63\u4e0a\u65b9\u548c\u6b63\u5de6\u65b9\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u4e2d\u5e94\u5f53\u6b63\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u3002
    • \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u79cd\u3002\u5b83\u4ece\u6c42\u201c\u6700\u5927\u201d\u4ef7\u503c\u53d8\u4e3a\u6c42\u201c\u6700\u5c0f\u201d\u786c\u5e01\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u65b9\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684 \\(\\max()\\) \u5e94\u6539\u4e3a \\(\\min()\\) \u3002\u4ece\u8ffd\u6c42\u201c\u4e0d\u8d85\u8fc7\u201d\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\u5230\u8ffd\u6c42\u201c\u6070\u597d\u201d\u51d1\u51fa\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4f7f\u7528 \\(amt + 1\\) \u6765\u8868\u793a\u201c\u65e0\u6cd5\u51d1\u51fa\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\u201d\u7684\u65e0\u6548\u89e3\u3002
    • \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362 II \u95ee\u9898\u4ece\u6c42\u201c\u6700\u5c11\u786c\u5e01\u6570\u91cf\u201d\u6539\u4e3a\u6c42\u201c\u786c\u5e01\u7ec4\u5408\u6570\u91cf\u201d\uff0c\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u65b9\u7a0b\u76f8\u5e94\u5730\u4ece \\(\\min()\\) \u6539\u4e3a\u6c42\u548c\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\u3002

    \u7f16\u8f91\u8ddd\u79bb\u95ee\u9898

    • \u7f16\u8f91\u8ddd\u79bb\uff08Levenshtein \u8ddd\u79bb\uff09\u7528\u4e8e\u8861\u91cf\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u5ea6\uff0c\u5176\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570\uff0c\u7f16\u8f91\u64cd\u4f5c\u5305\u62ec\u6dfb\u52a0\u3001\u5220\u9664\u3001\u66ff\u6362\u3002
    • \u7f16\u8f91\u8ddd\u79bb\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u5c06 \\(s\\) \u7684\u524d \\(i\\) \u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u66f4\u6539\u4e3a \\(t\\) \u7684\u524d \\(j\\) \u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u6240\u9700\u7684\u6700\u5c11\u7f16\u8f91\u6b65\u6570\u3002\u5f53 \\(s[i] \\ne t[j]\\) \u65f6\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u4e09\u79cd\u51b3\u7b56\uff1a\u6dfb\u52a0\u3001\u5220\u9664\u3001\u66ff\u6362\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u6709\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u5269\u4f59\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u636e\u6b64\u4fbf\u53ef\u4ee5\u627e\u51fa\u6700\u4f18\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u6784\u5efa\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u65b9\u7a0b\u3002\u800c\u5f53 \\(s[i] = t[j]\\) \u65f6\uff0c\u65e0\u987b\u7f16\u8f91\u5f53\u524d\u5b57\u7b26\u3002
    • \u5728\u7f16\u8f91\u8ddd\u79bb\u4e2d\uff0c\u72b6\u6001\u4f9d\u8d56\u5176\u6b63\u4e0a\u65b9\u3001\u6b63\u5de6\u65b9\u3001\u5de6\u4e0a\u65b9\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u6b63\u5e8f\u6216\u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u90fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u6b63\u786e\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5229\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u6682\u5b58\u5de6\u4e0a\u65b9\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u8f6c\u5316\u5230\u4e0e\u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898\u7b49\u4ef7\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u8fdb\u884c\u6b63\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/unbounded_knapsack_problem/","title":"14.5 \u00a0 \u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898","text":"

    \u5728\u672c\u8282\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5148\u6c42\u89e3\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\uff0c\u518d\u4e86\u89e3\u5b83\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u4f8b\uff1a\u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/unbounded_knapsack_problem/#1451","title":"14.5.1 \u00a0 \u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305","text":"

    Question

    \u7ed9\u5b9a \\(n\\) \u4e2a\u7269\u54c1\uff0c\u7b2c \\(i\\) \u4e2a\u7269\u54c1\u7684\u91cd\u91cf\u4e3a \\(wgt[i-1]\\)\u3001\u4ef7\u503c\u4e3a \\(val[i-1]\\) \uff0c\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e3a \\(cap\\) \u7684\u80cc\u5305\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7269\u54c1\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u53d6\uff0c\u95ee\u5728\u9650\u5b9a\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e0b\u80fd\u653e\u5165\u7269\u54c1\u7684\u6700\u5927\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u793a\u4f8b\u5982\u56fe 14-22 \u6240\u793a\u3002

    \u56fe 14-22 \u00a0 \u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u6570\u636e

    "},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/unbounded_knapsack_problem/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u601d\u8def","text":"

    \u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898\u548c 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898\u975e\u5e38\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u533a\u522b\u4ec5\u5728\u4e8e\u4e0d\u9650\u5236\u7269\u54c1\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u6b21\u6570\u3002

    • \u5728 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u79cd\u7269\u54c1\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5c06\u7269\u54c1 \\(i\\) \u653e\u5165\u80cc\u5305\u540e\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u4ece\u524d \\(i-1\\) \u4e2a\u7269\u54c1\u4e2d\u9009\u62e9\u3002
    • \u5728\u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u79cd\u7269\u54c1\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u662f\u65e0\u9650\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5c06\u7269\u54c1 \\(i\\) \u653e\u5165\u80cc\u5305\u540e\uff0c\u4ecd\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u524d \\(i\\) \u4e2a\u7269\u54c1\u4e2d\u9009\u62e9\u3002

    \u5728\u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e0b\uff0c\u72b6\u6001 \\([i, c]\\) \u7684\u53d8\u5316\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u3002

    • \u4e0d\u653e\u5165\u7269\u54c1 \\(i\\) \uff1a\u4e0e 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u8f6c\u79fb\u81f3 \\([i-1, c]\\) \u3002
    • \u653e\u5165\u7269\u54c1 \\(i\\) \uff1a\u4e0e 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u8f6c\u79fb\u81f3 \\([i, c-wgt[i-1]]\\) \u3002

    \u4ece\u800c\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u65b9\u7a0b\u53d8\u4e3a\uff1a

    \\[ dp[i, c] = \\max(dp[i-1, c], dp[i, c - wgt[i-1]] + val[i-1]) \\]"},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/unbounded_knapsack_problem/#2","title":"2. \u00a0 \u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0","text":"

    \u5bf9\u6bd4\u4e24\u9053\u9898\u76ee\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u5904\u4ece \\(i-1\\) \u53d8\u4e3a \\(i\\) \uff0c\u5176\u4f59\u5b8c\u5168\u4e00\u81f4\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig unbounded_knapsack.py
    def unbounded_knapsack_dp(wgt: list[int], val: list[int], cap: int) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\"\"\"\n    n = len(wgt)\n    # \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    dp = [[0] * (cap + 1) for _ in range(n + 1)]\n    # \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for i in range(1, n + 1):\n        for c in range(1, cap + 1):\n            if wgt[i - 1] > c:\n                # \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i\n                dp[i][c] = dp[i - 1][c]\n            else:\n                # \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\n                dp[i][c] = max(dp[i - 1][c], dp[i][c - wgt[i - 1]] + val[i - 1])\n    return dp[n][cap]\n
    unbounded_knapsack.cpp
    /* \u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint unboundedKnapsackDP(vector<int> &wgt, vector<int> &val, int cap) {\n    int n = wgt.size();\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    vector<vector<int>> dp(n + 1, vector<int>(cap + 1, 0));\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        for (int c = 1; c <= cap; c++) {\n            if (wgt[i - 1] > c) {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i\n                dp[i][c] = dp[i - 1][c];\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\n                dp[i][c] = max(dp[i - 1][c], dp[i][c - wgt[i - 1]] + val[i - 1]);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[n][cap];\n}\n
    unbounded_knapsack.java
    /* \u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint unboundedKnapsackDP(int[] wgt, int[] val, int cap) {\n    int n = wgt.length;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    int[][] dp = new int[n + 1][cap + 1];\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        for (int c = 1; c <= cap; c++) {\n            if (wgt[i - 1] > c) {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i\n                dp[i][c] = dp[i - 1][c];\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\n                dp[i][c] = Math.max(dp[i - 1][c], dp[i][c - wgt[i - 1]] + val[i - 1]);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[n][cap];\n}\n
    unbounded_knapsack.cs
    /* \u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint UnboundedKnapsackDP(int[] wgt, int[] val, int cap) {\n    int n = wgt.Length;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    int[,] dp = new int[n + 1, cap + 1];\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        for (int c = 1; c <= cap; c++) {\n            if (wgt[i - 1] > c) {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i\n                dp[i, c] = dp[i - 1, c];\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\n                dp[i, c] = Math.Max(dp[i - 1, c], dp[i, c - wgt[i - 1]] + val[i - 1]);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[n, cap];\n}\n
    unbounded_knapsack.go
    /* \u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunc unboundedKnapsackDP(wgt, val []int, cap int) int {\n    n := len(wgt)\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    dp := make([][]int, n+1)\n    for i := 0; i <= n; i++ {\n        dp[i] = make([]int, cap+1)\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for i := 1; i <= n; i++ {\n        for c := 1; c <= cap; c++ {\n            if wgt[i-1] > c {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i\n                dp[i][c] = dp[i-1][c]\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\n                dp[i][c] = int(math.Max(float64(dp[i-1][c]), float64(dp[i][c-wgt[i-1]]+val[i-1])))\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[n][cap]\n}\n
    unbounded_knapsack.swift
    /* \u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunc unboundedKnapsackDP(wgt: [Int], val: [Int], cap: Int) -> Int {\n    let n = wgt.count\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    var dp = Array(repeating: Array(repeating: 0, count: cap + 1), count: n + 1)\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for i in stride(from: 1, through: n, by: 1) {\n        for c in stride(from: 1, through: cap, by: 1) {\n            if wgt[i - 1] > c {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i\n                dp[i][c] = dp[i - 1][c]\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\n                dp[i][c] = max(dp[i - 1][c], dp[i][c - wgt[i - 1]] + val[i - 1])\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[n][cap]\n}\n
    unbounded_knapsack.js
    /* \u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunction unboundedKnapsackDP(wgt, val, cap) {\n    const n = wgt.length;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    const dp = Array.from({ length: n + 1 }, () =>\n        Array.from({ length: cap + 1 }, () => 0)\n    );\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for (let i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        for (let c = 1; c <= cap; c++) {\n            if (wgt[i - 1] > c) {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i\n                dp[i][c] = dp[i - 1][c];\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\n                dp[i][c] = Math.max(\n                    dp[i - 1][c],\n                    dp[i][c - wgt[i - 1]] + val[i - 1]\n                );\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[n][cap];\n}\n
    unbounded_knapsack.ts
    /* \u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunction unboundedKnapsackDP(\n    wgt: Array<number>,\n    val: Array<number>,\n    cap: number\n): number {\n    const n = wgt.length;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    const dp = Array.from({ length: n + 1 }, () =>\n        Array.from({ length: cap + 1 }, () => 0)\n    );\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for (let i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        for (let c = 1; c <= cap; c++) {\n            if (wgt[i - 1] > c) {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i\n                dp[i][c] = dp[i - 1][c];\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\n                dp[i][c] = Math.max(\n                    dp[i - 1][c],\n                    dp[i][c - wgt[i - 1]] + val[i - 1]\n                );\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[n][cap];\n}\n
    unbounded_knapsack.dart
    /* \u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint unboundedKnapsackDP(List<int> wgt, List<int> val, int cap) {\n  int n = wgt.length;\n  // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n  List<List<int>> dp = List.generate(n + 1, (index) => List.filled(cap + 1, 0));\n  // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n  for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n    for (int c = 1; c <= cap; c++) {\n      if (wgt[i - 1] > c) {\n        // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i\n        dp[i][c] = dp[i - 1][c];\n      } else {\n        // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\n        dp[i][c] = max(dp[i - 1][c], dp[i][c - wgt[i - 1]] + val[i - 1]);\n      }\n    }\n  }\n  return dp[n][cap];\n}\n
    unbounded_knapsack.rs
    /* \u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfn unbounded_knapsack_dp(wgt: &[i32], val: &[i32], cap: usize) -> i32 {\n    let n = wgt.len();\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    let mut dp = vec![vec![0; cap + 1]; n + 1];\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for i in 1..=n {\n        for c in 1..=cap {\n            if wgt[i - 1] > c as i32 {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i\n                dp[i][c] = dp[i - 1][c];\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\n                dp[i][c] = std::cmp::max(dp[i - 1][c], dp[i][c - wgt[i - 1] as usize] + val[i - 1]);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[n][cap];\n}\n
    unbounded_knapsack.c
    /* \u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint unboundedKnapsackDP(int wgt[], int val[], int cap, int wgtSize) {\n    int n = wgtSize;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    int **dp = malloc((n + 1) * sizeof(int *));\n    for (int i = 0; i <= n; i++) {\n        dp[i] = calloc(cap + 1, sizeof(int));\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        for (int c = 1; c <= cap; c++) {\n            if (wgt[i - 1] > c) {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i\n                dp[i][c] = dp[i - 1][c];\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\n                dp[i][c] = myMax(dp[i - 1][c], dp[i][c - wgt[i - 1]] + val[i - 1]);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    int res = dp[n][cap];\n    // \u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\n    for (int i = 0; i <= n; i++) {\n        free(dp[i]);\n    }\n    return res;\n}\n
    unbounded_knapsack.zig
    // \u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\nfn unboundedKnapsackDP(comptime wgt: []i32, val: []i32, comptime cap: usize) i32 {\n    comptime var n = wgt.len;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    var dp = [_][cap + 1]i32{[_]i32{0} ** (cap + 1)} ** (n + 1);\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for (1..n + 1) |i| {\n        for (1..cap + 1) |c| {\n            if (wgt[i - 1] > c) {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i\n                dp[i][c] = dp[i - 1][c];\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\n                dp[i][c] = @max(dp[i - 1][c], dp[i][c - @as(usize, @intCast(wgt[i - 1]))] + val[i - 1]);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[n][cap];\n}\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/unbounded_knapsack_problem/#3","title":"3. \u00a0 \u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316","text":"

    \u7531\u4e8e\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u662f\u4ece\u5de6\u8fb9\u548c\u4e0a\u8fb9\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u800c\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u5e94\u8be5\u5bf9 \\(dp\\) \u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u884c\u8fdb\u884c\u6b63\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u3002

    \u8fd9\u4e2a\u904d\u5386\u987a\u5e8f\u4e0e 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\u6b63\u597d\u76f8\u53cd\u3002\u8bf7\u501f\u52a9\u56fe 14-23 \u6765\u7406\u89e3\u4e24\u8005\u7684\u533a\u522b\u3002

    <1><2><3><4><5><6>

    \u56fe 14-23 \u00a0 \u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898\u5728\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u8fc7\u7a0b

    \u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0\u6bd4\u8f83\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u4ec5\u9700\u5c06\u6570\u7ec4 dp \u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ef4\u5220\u9664\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig unbounded_knapsack.py
    def unbounded_knapsack_dp_comp(wgt: list[int], val: list[int], cap: int) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\"\"\"\n    n = len(wgt)\n    # \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    dp = [0] * (cap + 1)\n    # \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for i in range(1, n + 1):\n        # \u6b63\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\n        for c in range(1, cap + 1):\n            if wgt[i - 1] > c:\n                # \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i\n                dp[c] = dp[c]\n            else:\n                # \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\n                dp[c] = max(dp[c], dp[c - wgt[i - 1]] + val[i - 1])\n    return dp[cap]\n
    unbounded_knapsack.cpp
    /* \u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint unboundedKnapsackDPComp(vector<int> &wgt, vector<int> &val, int cap) {\n    int n = wgt.size();\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    vector<int> dp(cap + 1, 0);\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        for (int c = 1; c <= cap; c++) {\n            if (wgt[i - 1] > c) {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i\n                dp[c] = dp[c];\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\n                dp[c] = max(dp[c], dp[c - wgt[i - 1]] + val[i - 1]);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[cap];\n}\n
    unbounded_knapsack.java
    /* \u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint unboundedKnapsackDPComp(int[] wgt, int[] val, int cap) {\n    int n = wgt.length;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    int[] dp = new int[cap + 1];\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        for (int c = 1; c <= cap; c++) {\n            if (wgt[i - 1] > c) {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i\n                dp[c] = dp[c];\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\n                dp[c] = Math.max(dp[c], dp[c - wgt[i - 1]] + val[i - 1]);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[cap];\n}\n
    unbounded_knapsack.cs
    /* \u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint UnboundedKnapsackDPComp(int[] wgt, int[] val, int cap) {\n    int n = wgt.Length;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    int[] dp = new int[cap + 1];\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        for (int c = 1; c <= cap; c++) {\n            if (wgt[i - 1] > c) {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i\n                dp[c] = dp[c];\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\n                dp[c] = Math.Max(dp[c], dp[c - wgt[i - 1]] + val[i - 1]);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[cap];\n}\n
    unbounded_knapsack.go
    /* \u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunc unboundedKnapsackDPComp(wgt, val []int, cap int) int {\n    n := len(wgt)\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    dp := make([]int, cap+1)\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for i := 1; i <= n; i++ {\n        for c := 1; c <= cap; c++ {\n            if wgt[i-1] > c {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i\n                dp[c] = dp[c]\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\n                dp[c] = int(math.Max(float64(dp[c]), float64(dp[c-wgt[i-1]]+val[i-1])))\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[cap]\n}\n
    unbounded_knapsack.swift
    /* \u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunc unboundedKnapsackDPComp(wgt: [Int], val: [Int], cap: Int) -> Int {\n    let n = wgt.count\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    var dp = Array(repeating: 0, count: cap + 1)\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for i in stride(from: 1, through: n, by: 1) {\n        for c in stride(from: 1, through: cap, by: 1) {\n            if wgt[i - 1] > c {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i\n                dp[c] = dp[c]\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\n                dp[c] = max(dp[c], dp[c - wgt[i - 1]] + val[i - 1])\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[cap]\n}\n
    unbounded_knapsack.js
    /* \u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunction unboundedKnapsackDPComp(wgt, val, cap) {\n    const n = wgt.length;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    const dp = Array.from({ length: cap + 1 }, () => 0);\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for (let i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        for (let c = 1; c <= cap; c++) {\n            if (wgt[i - 1] > c) {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i\n                dp[c] = dp[c];\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\n                dp[c] = Math.max(dp[c], dp[c - wgt[i - 1]] + val[i - 1]);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[cap];\n}\n
    unbounded_knapsack.ts
    /* \u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunction unboundedKnapsackDPComp(\n    wgt: Array<number>,\n    val: Array<number>,\n    cap: number\n): number {\n    const n = wgt.length;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    const dp = Array.from({ length: cap + 1 }, () => 0);\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for (let i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        for (let c = 1; c <= cap; c++) {\n            if (wgt[i - 1] > c) {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i\n                dp[c] = dp[c];\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\n                dp[c] = Math.max(dp[c], dp[c - wgt[i - 1]] + val[i - 1]);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[cap];\n}\n
    unbounded_knapsack.dart
    /* \u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint unboundedKnapsackDPComp(List<int> wgt, List<int> val, int cap) {\n  int n = wgt.length;\n  // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n  List<int> dp = List.filled(cap + 1, 0);\n  // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n  for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n    for (int c = 1; c <= cap; c++) {\n      if (wgt[i - 1] > c) {\n        // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i\n        dp[c] = dp[c];\n      } else {\n        // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\n        dp[c] = max(dp[c], dp[c - wgt[i - 1]] + val[i - 1]);\n      }\n    }\n  }\n  return dp[cap];\n}\n
    unbounded_knapsack.rs
    /* \u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfn unbounded_knapsack_dp_comp(wgt: &[i32], val: &[i32], cap: usize) -> i32 {\n    let n = wgt.len();\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    let mut dp = vec![0; cap + 1];\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for i in 1..=n {\n        for c in 1..=cap {\n            if wgt[i - 1] > c as i32 {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i\n                dp[c] = dp[c];\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\n                dp[c] = std::cmp::max(dp[c], dp[c - wgt[i - 1] as usize] + val[i - 1]);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    dp[cap]\n}\n
    unbounded_knapsack.c
    /* \u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint unboundedKnapsackDPComp(int wgt[], int val[], int cap, int wgtSize) {\n    int n = wgtSize;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    int *dp = calloc(cap + 1, sizeof(int));\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        for (int c = 1; c <= cap; c++) {\n            if (wgt[i - 1] > c) {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i\n                dp[c] = dp[c];\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\n                dp[c] = myMax(dp[c], dp[c - wgt[i - 1]] + val[i - 1]);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    int res = dp[cap];\n    // \u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\n    free(dp);\n    return res;\n}\n
    unbounded_knapsack.zig
    // \u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\nfn unboundedKnapsackDPComp(comptime wgt: []i32, val: []i32, comptime cap: usize) i32 {\n    comptime var n = wgt.len;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    var dp = [_]i32{0} ** (cap + 1);\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for (1..n + 1) |i| {\n        for (1..cap + 1) |c| {\n            if (wgt[i - 1] > c) {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i\n                dp[c] = dp[c];\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u7269\u54c1 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u503c\n                dp[c] = @max(dp[c], dp[c - @as(usize, @intCast(wgt[i - 1]))] + val[i - 1]);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[cap];\n}\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/unbounded_knapsack_problem/#1452","title":"14.5.2 \u00a0 \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\u95ee\u9898","text":"

    \u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u4e00\u5927\u7c7b\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\uff0c\u5176\u62e5\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u53d8\u79cd\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\u95ee\u9898\u3002

    Question

    \u7ed9\u5b9a \\(n\\) \u79cd\u786c\u5e01\uff0c\u7b2c \\(i\\) \u79cd\u786c\u5e01\u7684\u9762\u503c\u4e3a \\(coins[i - 1]\\) \uff0c\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\u4e3a \\(amt\\) \uff0c\u6bcf\u79cd\u786c\u5e01\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u53d6\uff0c\u95ee\u80fd\u591f\u51d1\u51fa\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\u7684\u6700\u5c11\u786c\u5e01\u6570\u91cf\u3002\u5982\u679c\u65e0\u6cd5\u51d1\u51fa\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de \\(-1\\) \u3002\u793a\u4f8b\u5982\u56fe 14-24 \u6240\u793a\u3002

    \u56fe 14-24 \u00a0 \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u6570\u636e

    "},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/unbounded_knapsack_problem/#1_1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u601d\u8def","text":"

    \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u4f5c\u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u4e24\u8005\u5177\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8054\u7cfb\u4e0e\u4e0d\u540c\u70b9\u3002

    • \u4e24\u9053\u9898\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f8\u4e92\u8f6c\u6362\uff0c\u201c\u7269\u54c1\u201d\u5bf9\u5e94\u201c\u786c\u5e01\u201d\u3001\u201c\u7269\u54c1\u91cd\u91cf\u201d\u5bf9\u5e94\u201c\u786c\u5e01\u9762\u503c\u201d\u3001\u201c\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\u201d\u5bf9\u5e94\u201c\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\u201d\u3002
    • \u4f18\u5316\u76ee\u6807\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u8981\u6700\u5927\u5316\u7269\u54c1\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u8981\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u786c\u5e01\u6570\u91cf\u3002
    • \u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u6c42\u201c\u4e0d\u8d85\u8fc7\u201d\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e0b\u7684\u89e3\uff0c\u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\u662f\u6c42\u201c\u6070\u597d\u201d\u51d1\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\u7684\u89e3\u3002

    \u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\uff1a\u601d\u8003\u6bcf\u8f6e\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\uff0c\u5b9a\u4e49\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f97\u5230 \\(dp\\) \u8868

    \u72b6\u6001 \\([i, a]\\) \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u4e3a\uff1a\u524d \\(i\\) \u79cd\u786c\u5e01\u80fd\u591f\u51d1\u51fa\u91d1\u989d \\(a\\) \u7684\u6700\u5c11\u786c\u5e01\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a \\(dp[i, a]\\) \u3002

    \u4e8c\u7ef4 \\(dp\\) \u8868\u7684\u5c3a\u5bf8\u4e3a \\((n+1) \\times (amt+1)\\) \u3002

    \u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b65\uff1a\u627e\u51fa\u6700\u4f18\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u63a8\u5bfc\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u65b9\u7a0b

    \u672c\u9898\u4e0e\u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u65b9\u7a0b\u5b58\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e24\u70b9\u5dee\u5f02\u3002

    • \u672c\u9898\u8981\u6c42\u6700\u5c0f\u503c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u5c06\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26 \\(\\max()\\) \u66f4\u6539\u4e3a \\(\\min()\\) \u3002
    • \u4f18\u5316\u4e3b\u4f53\u662f\u786c\u5e01\u6570\u91cf\u800c\u975e\u5546\u54c1\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u9009\u4e2d\u786c\u5e01\u65f6\u6267\u884c \\(+1\\) \u5373\u53ef\u3002
    \\[ dp[i, a] = \\min(dp[i-1, a], dp[i, a - coins[i-1]] + 1) \\]

    \u7b2c\u4e09\u6b65\uff1a\u786e\u5b9a\u8fb9\u754c\u6761\u4ef6\u548c\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u987a\u5e8f

    \u5f53\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\u4e3a \\(0\\) \u65f6\uff0c\u51d1\u51fa\u5b83\u7684\u6700\u5c11\u786c\u5e01\u6570\u91cf\u4e3a \\(0\\) \uff0c\u5373\u9996\u5217\u6240\u6709 \\(dp[i, 0]\\) \u90fd\u7b49\u4e8e \\(0\\) \u3002

    \u5f53\u65e0\u786c\u5e01\u65f6\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u51d1\u51fa\u4efb\u610f \\(> 0\\) \u7684\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\uff0c\u5373\u662f\u65e0\u6548\u89e3\u3002\u4e3a\u4f7f\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u65b9\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684 \\(\\min()\\) \u51fd\u6570\u80fd\u591f\u8bc6\u522b\u5e76\u8fc7\u6ee4\u65e0\u6548\u89e3\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8003\u8651\u4f7f\u7528 \\(+ \\infty\\) \u6765\u8868\u793a\u5b83\u4eec\uff0c\u5373\u4ee4\u9996\u884c\u6240\u6709 \\(dp[0, a]\\) \u90fd\u7b49\u4e8e \\(+ \\infty\\) \u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/unbounded_knapsack_problem/#2_1","title":"2. \u00a0 \u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0","text":"

    \u5927\u591a\u6570\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u5e76\u672a\u63d0\u4f9b \\(+ \\infty\\) \u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528\u6574\u578b int \u7684\u6700\u5927\u503c\u6765\u4ee3\u66ff\u3002\u800c\u8fd9\u53c8\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5927\u6570\u8d8a\u754c\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u65b9\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684 \\(+ 1\\) \u64cd\u4f5c\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u6ea2\u51fa\u3002

    \u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u91c7\u7528\u6570\u5b57 \\(amt + 1\\) \u6765\u8868\u793a\u65e0\u6548\u89e3\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u51d1\u51fa \\(amt\\) \u7684\u786c\u5e01\u6570\u91cf\u6700\u591a\u4e3a \\(amt\\) \u3002\u6700\u540e\u8fd4\u56de\u524d\uff0c\u5224\u65ad \\(dp[n, amt]\\) \u662f\u5426\u7b49\u4e8e \\(amt + 1\\) \uff0c\u82e5\u662f\u5219\u8fd4\u56de \\(-1\\) \uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u65e0\u6cd5\u51d1\u51fa\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\u3002\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig coin_change.py
    def coin_change_dp(coins: list[int], amt: int) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\"\"\"\n    n = len(coins)\n    MAX = amt + 1\n    # \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    dp = [[0] * (amt + 1) for _ in range(n + 1)]\n    # \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\u9996\u5217\n    for a in range(1, amt + 1):\n        dp[0][a] = MAX\n    # \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\u548c\u5217\n    for i in range(1, n + 1):\n        for a in range(1, amt + 1):\n            if coins[i - 1] > a:\n                # \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\n                dp[i][a] = dp[i - 1][a]\n            else:\n                # \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5c0f\u503c\n                dp[i][a] = min(dp[i - 1][a], dp[i][a - coins[i - 1]] + 1)\n    return dp[n][amt] if dp[n][amt] != MAX else -1\n
    coin_change.cpp
    /* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint coinChangeDP(vector<int> &coins, int amt) {\n    int n = coins.size();\n    int MAX = amt + 1;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    vector<vector<int>> dp(n + 1, vector<int>(amt + 1, 0));\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\u9996\u5217\n    for (int a = 1; a <= amt; a++) {\n        dp[0][a] = MAX;\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\u548c\u5217\n    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        for (int a = 1; a <= amt; a++) {\n            if (coins[i - 1] > a) {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\n                dp[i][a] = dp[i - 1][a];\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5c0f\u503c\n                dp[i][a] = min(dp[i - 1][a], dp[i][a - coins[i - 1]] + 1);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[n][amt] != MAX ? dp[n][amt] : -1;\n}\n
    coin_change.java
    /* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint coinChangeDP(int[] coins, int amt) {\n    int n = coins.length;\n    int MAX = amt + 1;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    int[][] dp = new int[n + 1][amt + 1];\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\u9996\u5217\n    for (int a = 1; a <= amt; a++) {\n        dp[0][a] = MAX;\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\u548c\u5217\n    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        for (int a = 1; a <= amt; a++) {\n            if (coins[i - 1] > a) {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\n                dp[i][a] = dp[i - 1][a];\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5c0f\u503c\n                dp[i][a] = Math.min(dp[i - 1][a], dp[i][a - coins[i - 1]] + 1);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[n][amt] != MAX ? dp[n][amt] : -1;\n}\n
    coin_change.cs
    /* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint CoinChangeDP(int[] coins, int amt) {\n    int n = coins.Length;\n    int MAX = amt + 1;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    int[,] dp = new int[n + 1, amt + 1];\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\u9996\u5217\n    for (int a = 1; a <= amt; a++) {\n        dp[0, a] = MAX;\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\u548c\u5217\n    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        for (int a = 1; a <= amt; a++) {\n            if (coins[i - 1] > a) {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\n                dp[i, a] = dp[i - 1, a];\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5c0f\u503c\n                dp[i, a] = Math.Min(dp[i - 1, a], dp[i, a - coins[i - 1]] + 1);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[n, amt] != MAX ? dp[n, amt] : -1;\n}\n
    coin_change.go
    /* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunc coinChangeDP(coins []int, amt int) int {\n    n := len(coins)\n    max := amt + 1\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    dp := make([][]int, n+1)\n    for i := 0; i <= n; i++ {\n        dp[i] = make([]int, amt+1)\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\u9996\u5217\n    for a := 1; a <= amt; a++ {\n        dp[0][a] = max\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\u548c\u5217\n    for i := 1; i <= n; i++ {\n        for a := 1; a <= amt; a++ {\n            if coins[i-1] > a {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\n                dp[i][a] = dp[i-1][a]\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5c0f\u503c\n                dp[i][a] = int(math.Min(float64(dp[i-1][a]), float64(dp[i][a-coins[i-1]]+1)))\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    if dp[n][amt] != max {\n        return dp[n][amt]\n    }\n    return -1\n}\n
    coin_change.swift
    /* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunc coinChangeDP(coins: [Int], amt: Int) -> Int {\n    let n = coins.count\n    let MAX = amt + 1\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    var dp = Array(repeating: Array(repeating: 0, count: amt + 1), count: n + 1)\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\u9996\u5217\n    for a in stride(from: 1, through: amt, by: 1) {\n        dp[0][a] = MAX\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\u548c\u5217\n    for i in stride(from: 1, through: n, by: 1) {\n        for a in stride(from: 1, through: amt, by: 1) {\n            if coins[i - 1] > a {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\n                dp[i][a] = dp[i - 1][a]\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5c0f\u503c\n                dp[i][a] = min(dp[i - 1][a], dp[i][a - coins[i - 1]] + 1)\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[n][amt] != MAX ? dp[n][amt] : -1\n}\n
    coin_change.js
    /* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunction coinChangeDP(coins, amt) {\n    const n = coins.length;\n    const MAX = amt + 1;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    const dp = Array.from({ length: n + 1 }, () =>\n        Array.from({ length: amt + 1 }, () => 0)\n    );\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\u9996\u5217\n    for (let a = 1; a <= amt; a++) {\n        dp[0][a] = MAX;\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\u548c\u5217\n    for (let i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        for (let a = 1; a <= amt; a++) {\n            if (coins[i - 1] > a) {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\n                dp[i][a] = dp[i - 1][a];\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5c0f\u503c\n                dp[i][a] = Math.min(dp[i - 1][a], dp[i][a - coins[i - 1]] + 1);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[n][amt] !== MAX ? dp[n][amt] : -1;\n}\n
    coin_change.ts
    /* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunction coinChangeDP(coins: Array<number>, amt: number): number {\n    const n = coins.length;\n    const MAX = amt + 1;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    const dp = Array.from({ length: n + 1 }, () =>\n        Array.from({ length: amt + 1 }, () => 0)\n    );\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\u9996\u5217\n    for (let a = 1; a <= amt; a++) {\n        dp[0][a] = MAX;\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\u548c\u5217\n    for (let i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        for (let a = 1; a <= amt; a++) {\n            if (coins[i - 1] > a) {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\n                dp[i][a] = dp[i - 1][a];\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5c0f\u503c\n                dp[i][a] = Math.min(dp[i - 1][a], dp[i][a - coins[i - 1]] + 1);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[n][amt] !== MAX ? dp[n][amt] : -1;\n}\n
    coin_change.dart
    /* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint coinChangeDP(List<int> coins, int amt) {\n  int n = coins.length;\n  int MAX = amt + 1;\n  // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n  List<List<int>> dp = List.generate(n + 1, (index) => List.filled(amt + 1, 0));\n  // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\u9996\u5217\n  for (int a = 1; a <= amt; a++) {\n    dp[0][a] = MAX;\n  }\n  // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\u548c\u5217\n  for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n    for (int a = 1; a <= amt; a++) {\n      if (coins[i - 1] > a) {\n        // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\n        dp[i][a] = dp[i - 1][a];\n      } else {\n        // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5c0f\u503c\n        dp[i][a] = min(dp[i - 1][a], dp[i][a - coins[i - 1]] + 1);\n      }\n    }\n  }\n  return dp[n][amt] != MAX ? dp[n][amt] : -1;\n}\n
    coin_change.rs
    /* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfn coin_change_dp(coins: &[i32], amt: usize) -> i32 {\n    let n = coins.len();\n    let max = amt + 1;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    let mut dp = vec![vec![0; amt + 1]; n + 1];\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\u9996\u5217\n    for a in 1..= amt {\n        dp[0][a] = max;\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\u548c\u5217\n    for i in 1..=n {\n        for a in 1..=amt {\n            if coins[i - 1] > a as i32 {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\n                dp[i][a] = dp[i - 1][a];\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5c0f\u503c\n                dp[i][a] = std::cmp::min(dp[i - 1][a], dp[i][a - coins[i - 1] as usize] + 1);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    if dp[n][amt] != max { return dp[n][amt] as i32; } else { -1 }\n}\n
    coin_change.c
    /* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint coinChangeDP(int coins[], int amt, int coinsSize) {\n    int n = coinsSize;\n    int MAX = amt + 1;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    int **dp = malloc((n + 1) * sizeof(int *));\n    for (int i = 0; i <= n; i++) {\n        dp[i] = calloc(amt + 1, sizeof(int));\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\u9996\u5217\n    for (int a = 1; a <= amt; a++) {\n        dp[0][a] = MAX;\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\u548c\u5217\n    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        for (int a = 1; a <= amt; a++) {\n            if (coins[i - 1] > a) {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\n                dp[i][a] = dp[i - 1][a];\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5c0f\u503c\n                dp[i][a] = myMin(dp[i - 1][a], dp[i][a - coins[i - 1]] + 1);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    int res = dp[n][amt] != MAX ? dp[n][amt] : -1;\n    // \u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\n    for (int i = 0; i <= n; i++) {\n        free(dp[i]);\n    }\n    free(dp);\n    return res;\n}\n
    coin_change.zig
    // \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\nfn coinChangeDP(comptime coins: []i32, comptime amt: usize) i32 {\n    comptime var n = coins.len;\n    comptime var max = amt + 1;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    var dp = [_][amt + 1]i32{[_]i32{0} ** (amt + 1)} ** (n + 1);\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u9996\u884c\u9996\u5217\n    for (1..amt + 1) |a| {\n        dp[0][a] = max;\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\u548c\u5217\n    for (1..n + 1) |i| {\n        for (1..amt + 1) |a| {\n            if (coins[i - 1] > @as(i32, @intCast(a))) {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\n                dp[i][a] = dp[i - 1][a];\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5c0f\u503c\n                dp[i][a] = @min(dp[i - 1][a], dp[i][a - @as(usize, @intCast(coins[i - 1]))] + 1);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    if (dp[n][amt] != max) {\n        return @intCast(dp[n][amt]);\n    } else {\n        return -1;\n    }\n}\n

    \u56fe 14-25 \u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u548c\u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898\u975e\u5e38\u76f8\u4f3c\u3002

    <1><2><3><4><5><6><7><8><9><10><11><12><13><14><15>

    \u56fe 14-25 \u00a0 \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u8fc7\u7a0b

    "},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/unbounded_knapsack_problem/#3_1","title":"3. \u00a0 \u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316","text":"

    \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u7684\u5904\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f\u548c\u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898\u4e00\u81f4\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig coin_change.py
    def coin_change_dp_comp(coins: list[int], amt: int) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\"\"\"\n    n = len(coins)\n    MAX = amt + 1\n    # \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    dp = [MAX] * (amt + 1)\n    dp[0] = 0\n    # \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for i in range(1, n + 1):\n        # \u6b63\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\n        for a in range(1, amt + 1):\n            if coins[i - 1] > a:\n                # \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\n                dp[a] = dp[a]\n            else:\n                # \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5c0f\u503c\n                dp[a] = min(dp[a], dp[a - coins[i - 1]] + 1)\n    return dp[amt] if dp[amt] != MAX else -1\n
    coin_change.cpp
    /* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint coinChangeDPComp(vector<int> &coins, int amt) {\n    int n = coins.size();\n    int MAX = amt + 1;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    vector<int> dp(amt + 1, MAX);\n    dp[0] = 0;\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        for (int a = 1; a <= amt; a++) {\n            if (coins[i - 1] > a) {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\n                dp[a] = dp[a];\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5c0f\u503c\n                dp[a] = min(dp[a], dp[a - coins[i - 1]] + 1);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[amt] != MAX ? dp[amt] : -1;\n}\n
    coin_change.java
    /* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint coinChangeDPComp(int[] coins, int amt) {\n    int n = coins.length;\n    int MAX = amt + 1;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    int[] dp = new int[amt + 1];\n    Arrays.fill(dp, MAX);\n    dp[0] = 0;\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        for (int a = 1; a <= amt; a++) {\n            if (coins[i - 1] > a) {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\n                dp[a] = dp[a];\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5c0f\u503c\n                dp[a] = Math.min(dp[a], dp[a - coins[i - 1]] + 1);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[amt] != MAX ? dp[amt] : -1;\n}\n
    coin_change.cs
    /* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint CoinChangeDPComp(int[] coins, int amt) {\n    int n = coins.Length;\n    int MAX = amt + 1;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    int[] dp = new int[amt + 1];\n    Array.Fill(dp, MAX);\n    dp[0] = 0;\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        for (int a = 1; a <= amt; a++) {\n            if (coins[i - 1] > a) {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\n                dp[a] = dp[a];\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5c0f\u503c\n                dp[a] = Math.Min(dp[a], dp[a - coins[i - 1]] + 1);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[amt] != MAX ? dp[amt] : -1;\n}\n
    coin_change.go
    /* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunc coinChangeDPComp(coins []int, amt int) int {\n    n := len(coins)\n    max := amt + 1\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    dp := make([]int, amt+1)\n    for i := 1; i <= amt; i++ {\n        dp[i] = max\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for i := 1; i <= n; i++ {\n        // \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\n        for a := 1; a <= amt; a++ {\n            if coins[i-1] > a {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\n                dp[a] = dp[a]\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5c0f\u503c\n                dp[a] = int(math.Min(float64(dp[a]), float64(dp[a-coins[i-1]]+1)))\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    if dp[amt] != max {\n        return dp[amt]\n    }\n    return -1\n}\n
    coin_change.swift
    /* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunc coinChangeDPComp(coins: [Int], amt: Int) -> Int {\n    let n = coins.count\n    let MAX = amt + 1\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    var dp = Array(repeating: MAX, count: amt + 1)\n    dp[0] = 0\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for i in stride(from: 1, through: n, by: 1) {\n        for a in stride(from: 1, through: amt, by: 1) {\n            if coins[i - 1] > a {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\n                dp[a] = dp[a]\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5c0f\u503c\n                dp[a] = min(dp[a], dp[a - coins[i - 1]] + 1)\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[amt] != MAX ? dp[amt] : -1\n}\n
    coin_change.js
    /* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunction coinChangeDPComp(coins, amt) {\n    const n = coins.length;\n    const MAX = amt + 1;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    const dp = Array.from({ length: amt + 1 }, () => MAX);\n    dp[0] = 0;\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for (let i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        for (let a = 1; a <= amt; a++) {\n            if (coins[i - 1] > a) {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\n                dp[a] = dp[a];\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5c0f\u503c\n                dp[a] = Math.min(dp[a], dp[a - coins[i - 1]] + 1);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[amt] !== MAX ? dp[amt] : -1;\n}\n
    coin_change.ts
    /* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunction coinChangeDPComp(coins: Array<number>, amt: number): number {\n    const n = coins.length;\n    const MAX = amt + 1;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    const dp = Array.from({ length: amt + 1 }, () => MAX);\n    dp[0] = 0;\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for (let i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        for (let a = 1; a <= amt; a++) {\n            if (coins[i - 1] > a) {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\n                dp[a] = dp[a];\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5c0f\u503c\n                dp[a] = Math.min(dp[a], dp[a - coins[i - 1]] + 1);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[amt] !== MAX ? dp[amt] : -1;\n}\n
    coin_change.dart
    /* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint coinChangeDPComp(List<int> coins, int amt) {\n  int n = coins.length;\n  int MAX = amt + 1;\n  // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n  List<int> dp = List.filled(amt + 1, MAX);\n  dp[0] = 0;\n  // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n  for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n    for (int a = 1; a <= amt; a++) {\n      if (coins[i - 1] > a) {\n        // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\n        dp[a] = dp[a];\n      } else {\n        // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5c0f\u503c\n        dp[a] = min(dp[a], dp[a - coins[i - 1]] + 1);\n      }\n    }\n  }\n  return dp[amt] != MAX ? dp[amt] : -1;\n}\n
    coin_change.rs
    /* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfn coin_change_dp_comp(coins: &[i32], amt: usize) -> i32 {\n    let n = coins.len();\n    let max = amt + 1;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    let mut dp = vec![0; amt + 1];\n    dp.fill(max);\n    dp[0] = 0;\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for i in 1..=n {\n        for a in 1..=amt {\n            if coins[i - 1] > a as i32 {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\n                dp[a] = dp[a];\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5c0f\u503c\n                dp[a] = std::cmp::min(dp[a], dp[a - coins[i - 1] as usize] + 1);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    if dp[amt] != max { return dp[amt] as i32; } else { -1 }\n}\n
    coin_change.c
    /* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint coinChangeDPComp(int coins[], int amt, int coinsSize) {\n    int n = coinsSize;\n    int MAX = amt + 1;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    int *dp = calloc(amt + 1, sizeof(int));\n    dp[0] = 0;\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        for (int a = 1; a <= amt; a++) {\n            if (coins[i - 1] > a) {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\n                dp[a] = dp[a];\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5c0f\u503c\n                dp[a] = myMin(dp[a], dp[a - coins[i - 1]] + 1);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    int res = dp[amt] != MAX ? dp[amt] : -1;\n    // \u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\n    free(dp);\n    return res;\n}\n
    coin_change.zig
    // \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\nfn coinChangeDPComp(comptime coins: []i32, comptime amt: usize) i32 {\n    comptime var n = coins.len;\n    comptime var max = amt + 1;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    var dp = [_]i32{0} ** (amt + 1);\n    @memset(&dp, max);\n    dp[0] = 0;\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for (1..n + 1) |i| {\n        for (1..amt + 1) |a| {\n            if (coins[i - 1] > @as(i32, @intCast(a))) {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\n                dp[a] = dp[a];\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5c0f\u503c\n                dp[a] = @min(dp[a], dp[a - @as(usize, @intCast(coins[i - 1]))] + 1);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    if (dp[amt] != max) {\n        return @intCast(dp[amt]);\n    } else {\n        return -1;\n    }\n}\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/unbounded_knapsack_problem/#1453-ii","title":"14.5.3 \u00a0 \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\u95ee\u9898 II","text":"

    Question

    \u7ed9\u5b9a \\(n\\) \u79cd\u786c\u5e01\uff0c\u7b2c \\(i\\) \u79cd\u786c\u5e01\u7684\u9762\u503c\u4e3a \\(coins[i - 1]\\) \uff0c\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\u4e3a \\(amt\\) \uff0c\u6bcf\u79cd\u786c\u5e01\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u53d6\uff0c\u95ee\u51d1\u51fa\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\u7684\u786c\u5e01\u7ec4\u5408\u6570\u91cf\u3002\u793a\u4f8b\u5982\u56fe 14-26 \u6240\u793a\u3002

    \u56fe 14-26 \u00a0 \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\u95ee\u9898 II \u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u6570\u636e

    "},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/unbounded_knapsack_problem/#1_2","title":"1. \u00a0 \u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u601d\u8def","text":"

    \u76f8\u6bd4\u4e8e\u4e0a\u4e00\u9898\uff0c\u672c\u9898\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u6c42\u7ec4\u5408\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u53d8\u4e3a\uff1a\u524d \\(i\\) \u79cd\u786c\u5e01\u80fd\u591f\u51d1\u51fa\u91d1\u989d \\(a\\) \u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u6570\u91cf\u3002\u800c \\(dp\\) \u8868\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u5c3a\u5bf8\u4e3a \\((n+1) \\times (amt + 1)\\) \u7684\u4e8c\u7ef4\u77e9\u9635\u3002

    \u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u6570\u91cf\u7b49\u4e8e\u4e0d\u9009\u5f53\u524d\u786c\u5e01\u4e0e\u9009\u5f53\u524d\u786c\u5e01\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u51b3\u7b56\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u6570\u91cf\u4e4b\u548c\u3002\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u65b9\u7a0b\u4e3a\uff1a

    \\[ dp[i, a] = dp[i-1, a] + dp[i, a - coins[i-1]] \\]

    \u5f53\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\u4e3a \\(0\\) \u65f6\uff0c\u65e0\u987b\u9009\u62e9\u4efb\u4f55\u786c\u5e01\u5373\u53ef\u51d1\u51fa\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5e94\u5c06\u9996\u5217\u6240\u6709 \\(dp[i, 0]\\) \u90fd\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e3a \\(1\\) \u3002\u5f53\u65e0\u786c\u5e01\u65f6\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u51d1\u51fa\u4efb\u4f55 \\(>0\\) \u7684\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9996\u884c\u6240\u6709 \\(dp[0, a]\\) \u90fd\u7b49\u4e8e \\(0\\) \u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/unbounded_knapsack_problem/#2_2","title":"2. \u00a0 \u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0","text":"PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig coin_change_ii.py
    def coin_change_ii_dp(coins: list[int], amt: int) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362 II\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\"\"\"\n    n = len(coins)\n    # \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    dp = [[0] * (amt + 1) for _ in range(n + 1)]\n    # \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u9996\u5217\n    for i in range(n + 1):\n        dp[i][0] = 1\n    # \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for i in range(1, n + 1):\n        for a in range(1, amt + 1):\n            if coins[i - 1] > a:\n                # \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\n                dp[i][a] = dp[i - 1][a]\n            else:\n                # \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e4b\u548c\n                dp[i][a] = dp[i - 1][a] + dp[i][a - coins[i - 1]]\n    return dp[n][amt]\n
    coin_change_ii.cpp
    /* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362 II\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint coinChangeIIDP(vector<int> &coins, int amt) {\n    int n = coins.size();\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    vector<vector<int>> dp(n + 1, vector<int>(amt + 1, 0));\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u9996\u5217\n    for (int i = 0; i <= n; i++) {\n        dp[i][0] = 1;\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        for (int a = 1; a <= amt; a++) {\n            if (coins[i - 1] > a) {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\n                dp[i][a] = dp[i - 1][a];\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e4b\u548c\n                dp[i][a] = dp[i - 1][a] + dp[i][a - coins[i - 1]];\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[n][amt];\n}\n
    coin_change_ii.java
    /* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362 II\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint coinChangeIIDP(int[] coins, int amt) {\n    int n = coins.length;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    int[][] dp = new int[n + 1][amt + 1];\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u9996\u5217\n    for (int i = 0; i <= n; i++) {\n        dp[i][0] = 1;\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        for (int a = 1; a <= amt; a++) {\n            if (coins[i - 1] > a) {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\n                dp[i][a] = dp[i - 1][a];\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e4b\u548c\n                dp[i][a] = dp[i - 1][a] + dp[i][a - coins[i - 1]];\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[n][amt];\n}\n
    coin_change_ii.cs
    /* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362 II\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint CoinChangeIIDP(int[] coins, int amt) {\n    int n = coins.Length;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    int[,] dp = new int[n + 1, amt + 1];\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u9996\u5217\n    for (int i = 0; i <= n; i++) {\n        dp[i, 0] = 1;\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        for (int a = 1; a <= amt; a++) {\n            if (coins[i - 1] > a) {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\n                dp[i, a] = dp[i - 1, a];\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e4b\u548c\n                dp[i, a] = dp[i - 1, a] + dp[i, a - coins[i - 1]];\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[n, amt];\n}\n
    coin_change_ii.go
    /* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362 II\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunc coinChangeIIDP(coins []int, amt int) int {\n    n := len(coins)\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    dp := make([][]int, n+1)\n    for i := 0; i <= n; i++ {\n        dp[i] = make([]int, amt+1)\n    }\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u9996\u5217\n    for i := 0; i <= n; i++ {\n        dp[i][0] = 1\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u884c\u548c\u5217\n    for i := 1; i <= n; i++ {\n        for a := 1; a <= amt; a++ {\n            if coins[i-1] > a {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\n                dp[i][a] = dp[i-1][a]\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e4b\u548c\n                dp[i][a] = dp[i-1][a] + dp[i][a-coins[i-1]]\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[n][amt]\n}\n
    coin_change_ii.swift
    /* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362 II\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunc coinChangeIIDP(coins: [Int], amt: Int) -> Int {\n    let n = coins.count\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    var dp = Array(repeating: Array(repeating: 0, count: amt + 1), count: n + 1)\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u9996\u5217\n    for i in stride(from: 0, through: n, by: 1) {\n        dp[i][0] = 1\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for i in stride(from: 1, through: n, by: 1) {\n        for a in stride(from: 1, through: amt, by: 1) {\n            if coins[i - 1] > a {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\n                dp[i][a] = dp[i - 1][a]\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e4b\u548c\n                dp[i][a] = dp[i - 1][a] + dp[i][a - coins[i - 1]]\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[n][amt]\n}\n
    coin_change_ii.js
    /* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362 II\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunction coinChangeIIDP(coins, amt) {\n    const n = coins.length;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    const dp = Array.from({ length: n + 1 }, () =>\n        Array.from({ length: amt + 1 }, () => 0)\n    );\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u9996\u5217\n    for (let i = 0; i <= n; i++) {\n        dp[i][0] = 1;\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for (let i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        for (let a = 1; a <= amt; a++) {\n            if (coins[i - 1] > a) {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\n                dp[i][a] = dp[i - 1][a];\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e4b\u548c\n                dp[i][a] = dp[i - 1][a] + dp[i][a - coins[i - 1]];\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[n][amt];\n}\n
    coin_change_ii.ts
    /* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362 II\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunction coinChangeIIDP(coins: Array<number>, amt: number): number {\n    const n = coins.length;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    const dp = Array.from({ length: n + 1 }, () =>\n        Array.from({ length: amt + 1 }, () => 0)\n    );\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u9996\u5217\n    for (let i = 0; i <= n; i++) {\n        dp[i][0] = 1;\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for (let i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        for (let a = 1; a <= amt; a++) {\n            if (coins[i - 1] > a) {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\n                dp[i][a] = dp[i - 1][a];\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e4b\u548c\n                dp[i][a] = dp[i - 1][a] + dp[i][a - coins[i - 1]];\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[n][amt];\n}\n
    coin_change_ii.dart
    /* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362 II\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint coinChangeIIDP(List<int> coins, int amt) {\n  int n = coins.length;\n  // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n  List<List<int>> dp = List.generate(n + 1, (index) => List.filled(amt + 1, 0));\n  // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u9996\u5217\n  for (int i = 0; i <= n; i++) {\n    dp[i][0] = 1;\n  }\n  // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n  for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n    for (int a = 1; a <= amt; a++) {\n      if (coins[i - 1] > a) {\n        // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\n        dp[i][a] = dp[i - 1][a];\n      } else {\n        // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e4b\u548c\n        dp[i][a] = dp[i - 1][a] + dp[i][a - coins[i - 1]];\n      }\n    }\n  }\n  return dp[n][amt];\n}\n
    coin_change_ii.rs
    /* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362 II\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfn coin_change_ii_dp(coins: &[i32], amt: usize) -> i32 {\n    let n = coins.len();\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    let mut dp = vec![vec![0; amt + 1]; n + 1];\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u9996\u5217\n    for i in 0..= n {\n        dp[i][0] = 1;\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for i in 1..=n {\n        for a in 1..=amt {\n            if coins[i - 1] > a as i32 {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\n                dp[i][a] = dp[i - 1][a];\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5c0f\u503c\n                dp[i][a] = dp[i - 1][a] + dp[i][a - coins[i - 1] as usize];\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    dp[n][amt]\n}\n
    coin_change_ii.c
    /* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362 II\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint coinChangeIIDP(int coins[], int amt, int coinsSize) {\n    int n = coinsSize;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    int **dp = malloc((n + 1) * sizeof(int *));\n    for (int i = 0; i <= n; i++) {\n        dp[i] = calloc(amt + 1, sizeof(int));\n    }\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u9996\u5217\n    for (int i = 0; i <= n; i++) {\n        dp[i][0] = 1;\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        for (int a = 1; a <= amt; a++) {\n            if (coins[i - 1] > a) {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\n                dp[i][a] = dp[i - 1][a];\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e4b\u548c\n                dp[i][a] = dp[i - 1][a] + dp[i][a - coins[i - 1]];\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    int res = dp[n][amt];\n    // \u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\n    for (int i = 0; i <= n; i++) {\n        free(dp[i]);\n    }\n    free(dp);\n    return res;\n}\n
    coin_change_ii.zig
    // \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362 II\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\nfn coinChangeIIDP(comptime coins: []i32, comptime amt: usize) i32 {\n    comptime var n = coins.len;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    var dp = [_][amt + 1]i32{[_]i32{0} ** (amt + 1)} ** (n + 1);\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u9996\u5217\n    for (0..n + 1) |i| {\n        dp[i][0] = 1;\n    }\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for (1..n + 1) |i| {\n        for (1..amt + 1) |a| {\n            if (coins[i - 1] > @as(i32, @intCast(a))) {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\n                dp[i][a] = dp[i - 1][a];\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5c0f\u503c\n                dp[i][a] = dp[i - 1][a] + dp[i][a - @as(usize, @intCast(coins[i - 1]))];\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[n][amt];\n}\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_dynamic_programming/unbounded_knapsack_problem/#3_2","title":"3. \u00a0 \u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316","text":"

    \u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u5904\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u5220\u9664\u786c\u5e01\u7ef4\u5ea6\u5373\u53ef\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig coin_change_ii.py
    def coin_change_ii_dp_comp(coins: list[int], amt: int) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362 II\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\"\"\"\n    n = len(coins)\n    # \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    dp = [0] * (amt + 1)\n    dp[0] = 1\n    # \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for i in range(1, n + 1):\n        # \u6b63\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\n        for a in range(1, amt + 1):\n            if coins[i - 1] > a:\n                # \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\n                dp[a] = dp[a]\n            else:\n                # \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e4b\u548c\n                dp[a] = dp[a] + dp[a - coins[i - 1]]\n    return dp[amt]\n
    coin_change_ii.cpp
    /* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362 II\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint coinChangeIIDPComp(vector<int> &coins, int amt) {\n    int n = coins.size();\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    vector<int> dp(amt + 1, 0);\n    dp[0] = 1;\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        for (int a = 1; a <= amt; a++) {\n            if (coins[i - 1] > a) {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\n                dp[a] = dp[a];\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e4b\u548c\n                dp[a] = dp[a] + dp[a - coins[i - 1]];\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[amt];\n}\n
    coin_change_ii.java
    /* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362 II\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint coinChangeIIDPComp(int[] coins, int amt) {\n    int n = coins.length;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    int[] dp = new int[amt + 1];\n    dp[0] = 1;\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        for (int a = 1; a <= amt; a++) {\n            if (coins[i - 1] > a) {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\n                dp[a] = dp[a];\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e4b\u548c\n                dp[a] = dp[a] + dp[a - coins[i - 1]];\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[amt];\n}\n
    coin_change_ii.cs
    /* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362 II\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint CoinChangeIIDPComp(int[] coins, int amt) {\n    int n = coins.Length;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    int[] dp = new int[amt + 1];\n    dp[0] = 1;\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        for (int a = 1; a <= amt; a++) {\n            if (coins[i - 1] > a) {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\n                dp[a] = dp[a];\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e4b\u548c\n                dp[a] = dp[a] + dp[a - coins[i - 1]];\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[amt];\n}\n
    coin_change_ii.go
    /* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362 II\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunc coinChangeIIDPComp(coins []int, amt int) int {\n    n := len(coins)\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    dp := make([]int, amt+1)\n    dp[0] = 1\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for i := 1; i <= n; i++ {\n        // \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\n        for a := 1; a <= amt; a++ {\n            if coins[i-1] > a {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\n                dp[a] = dp[a]\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e4b\u548c\n                dp[a] = dp[a] + dp[a-coins[i-1]]\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[amt]\n}\n
    coin_change_ii.swift
    /* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362 II\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunc coinChangeIIDPComp(coins: [Int], amt: Int) -> Int {\n    let n = coins.count\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    var dp = Array(repeating: 0, count: amt + 1)\n    dp[0] = 1\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for i in stride(from: 1, through: n, by: 1) {\n        for a in stride(from: 1, through: amt, by: 1) {\n            if coins[i - 1] > a {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\n                dp[a] = dp[a]\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e4b\u548c\n                dp[a] = dp[a] + dp[a - coins[i - 1]]\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[amt]\n}\n
    coin_change_ii.js
    /* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362 II\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunction coinChangeIIDPComp(coins, amt) {\n    const n = coins.length;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    const dp = Array.from({ length: amt + 1 }, () => 0);\n    dp[0] = 1;\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for (let i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        for (let a = 1; a <= amt; a++) {\n            if (coins[i - 1] > a) {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\n                dp[a] = dp[a];\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e4b\u548c\n                dp[a] = dp[a] + dp[a - coins[i - 1]];\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[amt];\n}\n
    coin_change_ii.ts
    /* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362 II\uff1a\u72b6\u6001\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfunction coinChangeIIDPComp(coins: Array<number>, amt: number): number {\n    const n = coins.length;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    const dp = Array.from({ length: amt + 1 }, () => 0);\n    dp[0] = 1;\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for (let i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        for (let a = 1; a <= amt; a++) {\n            if (coins[i - 1] > a) {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\n                dp[a] = dp[a];\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e4b\u548c\n                dp[a] = dp[a] + dp[a - coins[i - 1]];\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[amt];\n}\n
    coin_change_ii.dart
    /* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362 II\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint coinChangeIIDPComp(List<int> coins, int amt) {\n  int n = coins.length;\n  // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n  List<int> dp = List.filled(amt + 1, 0);\n  dp[0] = 1;\n  // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n  for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n    for (int a = 1; a <= amt; a++) {\n      if (coins[i - 1] > a) {\n        // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\n        dp[a] = dp[a];\n      } else {\n        // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e4b\u548c\n        dp[a] = dp[a] + dp[a - coins[i - 1]];\n      }\n    }\n  }\n  return dp[amt];\n}\n
    coin_change_ii.rs
    /* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362 II\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nfn coin_change_ii_dp_comp(coins: &[i32], amt: usize) -> i32 {\n    let n = coins.len();\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    let mut dp = vec![0; amt + 1];\n    dp[0] = 1;\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for i in 1..=n {\n        for a in 1..=amt {\n            if coins[i - 1] > a as i32 {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\n                dp[a] = dp[a];\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5c0f\u503c\n                dp[a] = dp[a] + dp[a - coins[i - 1] as usize];\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    dp[amt]\n}\n
    coin_change_ii.c
    /* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362 II\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212 */\nint coinChangeIIDPComp(int coins[], int amt, int coinsSize) {\n    int n = coinsSize;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    int *dp = calloc(amt + 1, sizeof(int));\n    dp[0] = 1;\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n        for (int a = 1; a <= amt; a++) {\n            if (coins[i - 1] > a) {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\n                dp[a] = dp[a];\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u4e4b\u548c\n                dp[a] = dp[a] + dp[a - coins[i - 1]];\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    int res = dp[amt];\n    // \u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\n    free(dp);\n    return res;\n}\n
    coin_change_ii.zig
    // \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362 II\uff1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\nfn coinChangeIIDPComp(comptime coins: []i32, comptime amt: usize) i32 {\n    comptime var n = coins.len;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 dp \u8868\n    var dp = [_]i32{0} ** (amt + 1);\n    dp[0] = 1;\n    // \u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\n    for (1..n + 1) |i| {\n        for (1..amt + 1) |a| {\n            if (coins[i - 1] > @as(i32, @intCast(a))) {\n                // \u82e5\u8d85\u8fc7\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i\n                dp[a] = dp[a];\n            } else {\n                // \u4e0d\u9009\u548c\u9009\u786c\u5e01 i \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8f83\u5c0f\u503c\n                dp[a] = dp[a] + dp[a - @as(usize, @intCast(coins[i - 1]))];\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return dp[amt];\n}\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_graph/","title":"\u7b2c 9 \u7ae0 \u00a0 \u56fe","text":"

    Abstract

    \u5728\u751f\u547d\u65c5\u9014\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u50cf\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u88ab\u65e0\u6570\u770b\u4e0d\u89c1\u7684\u8fb9\u76f8\u8fde\u3002

    \u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u7684\u76f8\u8bc6\u4e0e\u76f8\u79bb\uff0c\u90fd\u5728\u8fd9\u5f20\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u56fe\u4e2d\u7559\u4e0b\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u5370\u8bb0\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_graph/#_1","title":"\u672c\u7ae0\u5185\u5bb9","text":"
    • 9.1 \u00a0 \u56fe
    • 9.2 \u00a0 \u56fe\u57fa\u7840\u64cd\u4f5c
    • 9.3 \u00a0 \u56fe\u7684\u904d\u5386
    • 9.4 \u00a0 \u5c0f\u7ed3
    "},{"location":"chapter_graph/graph/","title":"9.1 \u00a0 \u56fe","text":"

    \u300c\u56fe graph\u300d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u7531\u300c\u9876\u70b9 vertex\u300d\u548c\u300c\u8fb9 edge\u300d\u7ec4\u6210\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u56fe \\(G\\) \u62bd\u8c61\u5730\u8868\u793a\u4e3a\u4e00\u7ec4\u9876\u70b9 \\(V\\) \u548c\u4e00\u7ec4\u8fb9 \\(E\\) \u7684\u96c6\u5408\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u793a\u4f8b\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u542b 5 \u4e2a\u9876\u70b9\u548c 7 \u6761\u8fb9\u7684\u56fe\u3002

    \\[ \\begin{aligned} V & = \\{ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 \\} \\newline E & = \\{ (1,2), (1,3), (1,5), (2,3), (2,4), (2,5), (4,5) \\} \\newline G & = \\{ V, E \\} \\newline \\end{aligned} \\]

    \u5982\u679c\u5c06\u9876\u70b9\u770b\u4f5c\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5c06\u8fb9\u770b\u4f5c\u8fde\u63a5\u5404\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5f15\u7528\uff08\u6307\u9488\uff09\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u56fe\u770b\u4f5c\u4e00\u79cd\u4ece\u94fe\u8868\u62d3\u5c55\u800c\u6765\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u5982\u56fe 9-1 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u76f8\u8f83\u4e8e\u7ebf\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\uff08\u94fe\u8868\uff09\u548c\u5206\u6cbb\u5173\u7cfb\uff08\u6811\uff09\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u5173\u7cfb\uff08\u56fe\uff09\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u5ea6\u66f4\u9ad8\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u66f4\u4e3a\u590d\u6742\u3002

    \u56fe 9-1 \u00a0 \u94fe\u8868\u3001\u6811\u3001\u56fe\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb

    "},{"location":"chapter_graph/graph/#911","title":"9.1.1 \u00a0 \u56fe\u5e38\u89c1\u7c7b\u578b\u4e0e\u672f\u8bed","text":"

    \u6839\u636e\u8fb9\u662f\u5426\u5177\u6709\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u300c\u65e0\u5411\u56fe undirected graph\u300d\u548c\u300c\u6709\u5411\u56fe directed graph\u300d\uff0c\u5982\u56fe 9-2 \u6240\u793a\u3002

    • \u5728\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fb9\u8868\u793a\u4e24\u9876\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u201c\u53cc\u5411\u201d\u8fde\u63a5\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5fae\u4fe1\u6216 QQ \u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u597d\u53cb\u5173\u7cfb\u201d\u3002
    • \u5728\u6709\u5411\u56fe\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fb9\u5177\u6709\u65b9\u5411\u6027\uff0c\u5373 \\(A \\rightarrow B\\) \u548c \\(A \\leftarrow B\\) \u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u8fb9\u662f\u76f8\u4e92\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5fae\u535a\u6216\u6296\u97f3\u4e0a\u7684\u201c\u5173\u6ce8\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u88ab\u5173\u6ce8\u201d\u5173\u7cfb\u3002

    \u56fe 9-2 \u00a0 \u6709\u5411\u56fe\u4e0e\u65e0\u5411\u56fe

    \u6839\u636e\u6240\u6709\u9876\u70b9\u662f\u5426\u8fde\u901a\uff0c\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u300c\u8fde\u901a\u56fe connected graph\u300d\u548c\u300c\u975e\u8fde\u901a\u56fe disconnected graph\u300d\uff0c\u5982\u56fe 9-3 \u6240\u793a\u3002

    • \u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fde\u901a\u56fe\uff0c\u4ece\u67d0\u4e2a\u9876\u70b9\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5230\u8fbe\u5176\u4f59\u4efb\u610f\u9876\u70b9\u3002
    • \u5bf9\u4e8e\u975e\u8fde\u901a\u56fe\uff0c\u4ece\u67d0\u4e2a\u9876\u70b9\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u9876\u70b9\u65e0\u6cd5\u5230\u8fbe\u3002

    \u56fe 9-3 \u00a0 \u8fde\u901a\u56fe\u4e0e\u975e\u8fde\u901a\u56fe

    \u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u8fb9\u6dfb\u52a0\u201c\u6743\u91cd\u201d\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f97\u5230\u5982\u56fe 9-4 \u6240\u793a\u7684\u300c\u6709\u6743\u56fe weighted graph\u300d\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u300a\u738b\u8005\u8363\u8000\u300b\u7b49\u624b\u6e38\u4e2d\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u6839\u636e\u5171\u540c\u6e38\u620f\u65f6\u95f4\u6765\u8ba1\u7b97\u73a9\u5bb6\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u201c\u4eb2\u5bc6\u5ea6\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u4eb2\u5bc6\u5ea6\u7f51\u7edc\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6709\u6743\u56fe\u6765\u8868\u793a\u3002

    \u56fe 9-4 \u00a0 \u6709\u6743\u56fe\u4e0e\u65e0\u6743\u56fe

    \u56fe\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u5305\u542b\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5e38\u7528\u672f\u8bed\u3002

    • \u300c\u90bb\u63a5 adjacency\u300d\uff1a\u5f53\u4e24\u9876\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u8fb9\u76f8\u8fde\u65f6\uff0c\u79f0\u8fd9\u4e24\u9876\u70b9\u201c\u90bb\u63a5\u201d\u3002\u5728\u56fe 9-4 \u4e2d\uff0c\u9876\u70b9 1 \u7684\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\u4e3a\u9876\u70b9 2\u30013\u30015\u3002
    • \u300c\u8def\u5f84 path\u300d\uff1a\u4ece\u9876\u70b9 A \u5230\u9876\u70b9 B \u7ecf\u8fc7\u7684\u8fb9\u6784\u6210\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u4ece A \u5230 B \u7684\u201c\u8def\u5f84\u201d\u3002\u5728\u56fe 9-4 \u4e2d\uff0c\u8fb9\u5e8f\u5217 1-5-2-4 \u662f\u9876\u70b9 1 \u5230\u9876\u70b9 4 \u7684\u4e00\u6761\u8def\u5f84\u3002
    • \u300c\u5ea6 degree\u300d\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u9876\u70b9\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u8fb9\u6570\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6709\u5411\u56fe\uff0c\u300c\u5165\u5ea6 in-degree\u300d\u8868\u793a\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u6761\u8fb9\u6307\u5411\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\uff0c\u300c\u51fa\u5ea6 out-degree\u300d\u8868\u793a\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u6761\u8fb9\u4ece\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u6307\u51fa\u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_graph/graph/#912","title":"9.1.2 \u00a0 \u56fe\u7684\u8868\u793a","text":"

    \u56fe\u7684\u5e38\u7528\u8868\u793a\u65b9\u5f0f\u5305\u62ec\u201c\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u201d\u548c\u201c\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u201d\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4f7f\u7528\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u8fdb\u884c\u4e3e\u4f8b\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_graph/graph/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635","text":"

    \u8bbe\u56fe\u7684\u9876\u70b9\u6570\u91cf\u4e3a \\(n\\) \uff0c\u300c\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635 adjacency matrix\u300d\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a \\(n \\times n\\) \u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u77e9\u9635\u6765\u8868\u793a\u56fe\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u884c\uff08\u5217\uff09\u4ee3\u8868\u4e00\u4e2a\u9876\u70b9\uff0c\u77e9\u9635\u5143\u7d20\u4ee3\u8868\u8fb9\uff0c\u7528 \\(1\\) \u6216 \\(0\\) \u8868\u793a\u4e24\u4e2a\u9876\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u8fb9\u3002

    \u5982\u56fe 9-5 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u8bbe\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e3a \\(M\\)\u3001\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868\u4e3a \\(V\\) \uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u77e9\u9635\u5143\u7d20 \\(M[i, j] = 1\\) \u8868\u793a\u9876\u70b9 \\(V[i]\\) \u5230\u9876\u70b9 \\(V[j]\\) \u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u8fb9\uff0c\u53cd\u4e4b \\(M[i, j] = 0\\) \u8868\u793a\u4e24\u9876\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u65e0\u8fb9\u3002

    \u56fe 9-5 \u00a0 \u56fe\u7684\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u8868\u793a

    \u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u5177\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7279\u6027\u3002

    • \u9876\u70b9\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e0e\u81ea\u8eab\u76f8\u8fde\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u5143\u7d20\u6ca1\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u3002
    • \u5bf9\u4e8e\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\uff0c\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u8fb9\u7b49\u4ef7\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u5173\u4e8e\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u5bf9\u79f0\u3002
    • \u5c06\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u4ece \\(1\\) \u548c \\(0\\) \u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u6743\u91cd\uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u8868\u793a\u6709\u6743\u56fe\u3002

    \u4f7f\u7528\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u8868\u793a\u56fe\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u8bbf\u95ee\u77e9\u9635\u5143\u7d20\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u8fb9\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u589e\u5220\u67e5\u6539\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6548\u7387\u5f88\u9ad8\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5747\u4e3a \\(O(1)\\) \u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u77e9\u9635\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n^2)\\) \uff0c\u5185\u5b58\u5360\u7528\u8f83\u591a\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_graph/graph/#2","title":"2. \u00a0 \u90bb\u63a5\u8868","text":"

    \u300c\u90bb\u63a5\u8868 adjacency list\u300d\u4f7f\u7528 \\(n\\) \u4e2a\u94fe\u8868\u6765\u8868\u793a\u56fe\uff0c\u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9\u8868\u793a\u9876\u70b9\u3002\u7b2c \\(i\\) \u4e2a\u94fe\u8868\u5bf9\u5e94\u9876\u70b9 \\(i\\) \uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5b58\u50a8\u4e86\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\uff08\u4e0e\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u76f8\u8fde\u7684\u9876\u70b9\uff09\u3002\u56fe 9-6 \u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f7f\u7528\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u56fe\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u3002

    \u56fe 9-6 \u00a0 \u56fe\u7684\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u8868\u793a

    \u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u4ec5\u5b58\u50a8\u5b9e\u9645\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u8fb9\uff0c\u800c\u8fb9\u7684\u603b\u6570\u901a\u5e38\u8fdc\u5c0f\u4e8e \\(n^2\\) \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u66f4\u52a0\u8282\u7701\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u4e2d\u9700\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u904d\u5386\u94fe\u8868\u6765\u67e5\u627e\u8fb9\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5176\u65f6\u95f4\u6548\u7387\u4e0d\u5982\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u3002

    \u89c2\u5bdf\u56fe 9-6 \uff0c\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u94fe\u5f0f\u5730\u5740\u201d\u975e\u5e38\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u91c7\u7528\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u4f18\u5316\u6548\u7387\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u5f53\u94fe\u8868\u8f83\u957f\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u94fe\u8868\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a AVL \u6811\u6216\u7ea2\u9ed1\u6811\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5c06\u65f6\u95f4\u6548\u7387\u4ece \\(O(n)\\) \u4f18\u5316\u81f3 \\(O(\\log n)\\) \uff1b\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u94fe\u8868\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5c06\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u964d\u81f3 \\(O(1)\\) \u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_graph/graph/#913","title":"9.1.3 \u00a0 \u56fe\u7684\u5e38\u89c1\u5e94\u7528","text":"

    \u5982\u8868 9-1 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u73b0\u5b9e\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u56fe\u6765\u5efa\u6a21\uff0c\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ea6\u5316\u4e3a\u56fe\u8ba1\u7b97\u95ee\u9898\u3002

    \u8868 9-1 \u00a0 \u73b0\u5b9e\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u56fe

    \u9876\u70b9 \u8fb9 \u56fe\u8ba1\u7b97\u95ee\u9898 \u793e\u4ea4\u7f51\u7edc \u7528\u6237 \u597d\u53cb\u5173\u7cfb \u6f5c\u5728\u597d\u53cb\u63a8\u8350 \u5730\u94c1\u7ebf\u8def \u7ad9\u70b9 \u7ad9\u70b9\u95f4\u7684\u8fde\u901a\u6027 \u6700\u77ed\u8def\u7ebf\u63a8\u8350 \u592a\u9633\u7cfb \u661f\u4f53 \u661f\u4f53\u95f4\u7684\u4e07\u6709\u5f15\u529b\u4f5c\u7528 \u884c\u661f\u8f68\u9053\u8ba1\u7b97"},{"location":"chapter_graph/graph_operations/","title":"9.2 \u00a0 \u56fe\u57fa\u7840\u64cd\u4f5c","text":"

    \u56fe\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u64cd\u4f5c\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u5bf9\u201c\u8fb9\u201d\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u548c\u5bf9\u201c\u9876\u70b9\u201d\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u5728\u201c\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u201d\u548c\u201c\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u201d\u4e24\u79cd\u8868\u793a\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u5f0f\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_graph/graph_operations/#921","title":"9.2.1 \u00a0 \u57fa\u4e8e\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0","text":"

    \u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u9876\u70b9\u6570\u91cf\u4e3a \\(n\\) \u7684\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\uff0c\u5219\u5404\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u5f0f\u5982\u56fe 9-7 \u6240\u793a\u3002

    • \u6dfb\u52a0\u6216\u5220\u9664\u8fb9\uff1a\u76f4\u63a5\u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u4fee\u6539\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u8fb9\u5373\u53ef\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(1)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u800c\u7531\u4e8e\u662f\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u540c\u65f6\u66f4\u65b0\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u8fb9\u3002
    • \u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9\uff1a\u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u7684\u5c3e\u90e8\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u884c\u4e00\u5217\uff0c\u5e76\u5168\u90e8\u586b \\(0\\) \u5373\u53ef\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(n)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u3002
    • \u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9\uff1a\u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u4e00\u884c\u4e00\u5217\u3002\u5f53\u5220\u9664\u9996\u884c\u9996\u5217\u65f6\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u5dee\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5c06 \\((n-1)^2\\) \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u201c\u5411\u5de6\u4e0a\u79fb\u52a8\u201d\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(n^2)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u3002
    • \u521d\u59cb\u5316\uff1a\u4f20\u5165 \\(n\\) \u4e2a\u9876\u70b9\uff0c\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(n\\) \u7684\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868 vertices \uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(n)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\uff1b\u521d\u59cb\u5316 \\(n \\times n\\) \u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635 adjMat \uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(n^2)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u3002
    \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9\u5220\u9664\u8fb9\u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9\u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9

    \u56fe 9-7 \u00a0 \u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u3001\u589e\u5220\u8fb9\u3001\u589e\u5220\u9876\u70b9

    \u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u8868\u793a\u56fe\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig graph_adjacency_matrix.py
    class GraphAdjMat:\n    \"\"\"\u57fa\u4e8e\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u7c7b\"\"\"\n\n    def __init__(self, vertices: list[int], edges: list[list[int]]):\n        \"\"\"\u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5\"\"\"\n        # \u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u4ee3\u8868\u201c\u9876\u70b9\u503c\u201d\uff0c\u7d22\u5f15\u4ee3\u8868\u201c\u9876\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\n        self.vertices: list[int] = []\n        # \u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\uff0c\u884c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u5bf9\u5e94\u201c\u9876\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\n        self.adj_mat: list[list[int]] = []\n        # \u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9\n        for val in vertices:\n            self.add_vertex(val)\n        # \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9\n        # \u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0cedges \u5143\u7d20\u4ee3\u8868\u9876\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u5373\u5bf9\u5e94 vertices \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\n        for e in edges:\n            self.add_edge(e[0], e[1])\n\n    def size(self) -> int:\n        \"\"\"\u83b7\u53d6\u9876\u70b9\u6570\u91cf\"\"\"\n        return len(self.vertices)\n\n    def add_vertex(self, val: int):\n        \"\"\"\u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9\"\"\"\n        n = self.size()\n        # \u5411\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u65b0\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u503c\n        self.vertices.append(val)\n        # \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u884c\n        new_row = [0] * n\n        self.adj_mat.append(new_row)\n        # \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u5217\n        for row in self.adj_mat:\n            row.append(0)\n\n    def remove_vertex(self, index: int):\n        \"\"\"\u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9\"\"\"\n        if index >= self.size():\n            raise IndexError()\n        # \u5728\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u79fb\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u7684\u9876\u70b9\n        self.vertices.pop(index)\n        # \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u7684\u884c\n        self.adj_mat.pop(index)\n        # \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u7684\u5217\n        for row in self.adj_mat:\n            row.pop(index)\n\n    def add_edge(self, i: int, j: int):\n        \"\"\"\u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9\"\"\"\n        # \u53c2\u6570 i, j \u5bf9\u5e94 vertices \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\n        # \u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\u4e0e\u76f8\u7b49\u5904\u7406\n        if i < 0 or j < 0 or i >= self.size() or j >= self.size() or i == j:\n            raise IndexError()\n        # \u5728\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u4e2d\uff0c\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u5173\u4e8e\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u5bf9\u79f0\uff0c\u5373\u6ee1\u8db3 (i, j) == (j, i)\n        self.adj_mat[i][j] = 1\n        self.adj_mat[j][i] = 1\n\n    def remove_edge(self, i: int, j: int):\n        \"\"\"\u5220\u9664\u8fb9\"\"\"\n        # \u53c2\u6570 i, j \u5bf9\u5e94 vertices \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\n        # \u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\u4e0e\u76f8\u7b49\u5904\u7406\n        if i < 0 or j < 0 or i >= self.size() or j >= self.size() or i == j:\n            raise IndexError()\n        self.adj_mat[i][j] = 0\n        self.adj_mat[j][i] = 0\n\n    def print(self):\n        \"\"\"\u6253\u5370\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\"\"\"\n        print(\"\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868 =\", self.vertices)\n        print(\"\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635 =\")\n        print_matrix(self.adj_mat)\n
    graph_adjacency_matrix.cpp
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u7c7b */\nclass GraphAdjMat {\n    vector<int> vertices;       // \u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u4ee3\u8868\u201c\u9876\u70b9\u503c\u201d\uff0c\u7d22\u5f15\u4ee3\u8868\u201c\u9876\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\n    vector<vector<int>> adjMat; // \u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\uff0c\u884c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u5bf9\u5e94\u201c\u9876\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\n\n  public:\n    /* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\n    GraphAdjMat(const vector<int> &vertices, const vector<vector<int>> &edges) {\n        // \u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9\n        for (int val : vertices) {\n            addVertex(val);\n        }\n        // \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9\n        // \u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0cedges \u5143\u7d20\u4ee3\u8868\u9876\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u5373\u5bf9\u5e94 vertices \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\n        for (const vector<int> &edge : edges) {\n            addEdge(edge[0], edge[1]);\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u9876\u70b9\u6570\u91cf */\n    int size() const {\n        return vertices.size();\n    }\n\n    /* \u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9 */\n    void addVertex(int val) {\n        int n = size();\n        // \u5411\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u65b0\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u503c\n        vertices.push_back(val);\n        // \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u884c\n        adjMat.emplace_back(vector<int>(n, 0));\n        // \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u5217\n        for (vector<int> &row : adjMat) {\n            row.push_back(0);\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9 */\n    void removeVertex(int index) {\n        if (index >= size()) {\n            throw out_of_range(\"\u9876\u70b9\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\");\n        }\n        // \u5728\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u79fb\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u7684\u9876\u70b9\n        vertices.erase(vertices.begin() + index);\n        // \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u7684\u884c\n        adjMat.erase(adjMat.begin() + index);\n        // \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u7684\u5217\n        for (vector<int> &row : adjMat) {\n            row.erase(row.begin() + index);\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9 */\n    // \u53c2\u6570 i, j \u5bf9\u5e94 vertices \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\n    void addEdge(int i, int j) {\n        // \u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\u4e0e\u76f8\u7b49\u5904\u7406\n        if (i < 0 || j < 0 || i >= size() || j >= size() || i == j) {\n            throw out_of_range(\"\u9876\u70b9\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\");\n        }\n        // \u5728\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u4e2d\uff0c\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u5173\u4e8e\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u5bf9\u79f0\uff0c\u5373\u6ee1\u8db3 (i, j) == (j, i)\n        adjMat[i][j] = 1;\n        adjMat[j][i] = 1;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5220\u9664\u8fb9 */\n    // \u53c2\u6570 i, j \u5bf9\u5e94 vertices \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\n    void removeEdge(int i, int j) {\n        // \u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\u4e0e\u76f8\u7b49\u5904\u7406\n        if (i < 0 || j < 0 || i >= size() || j >= size() || i == j) {\n            throw out_of_range(\"\u9876\u70b9\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\");\n        }\n        adjMat[i][j] = 0;\n        adjMat[j][i] = 0;\n    }\n\n    /* \u6253\u5370\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635 */\n    void print() {\n        cout << \"\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868 = \";\n        printVector(vertices);\n        cout << \"\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635 =\" << endl;\n        printVectorMatrix(adjMat);\n    }\n};\n
    graph_adjacency_matrix.java
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u7c7b */\nclass GraphAdjMat {\n    List<Integer> vertices; // \u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u4ee3\u8868\u201c\u9876\u70b9\u503c\u201d\uff0c\u7d22\u5f15\u4ee3\u8868\u201c\u9876\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\n    List<List<Integer>> adjMat; // \u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\uff0c\u884c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u5bf9\u5e94\u201c\u9876\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\n\n    /* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\n    public GraphAdjMat(int[] vertices, int[][] edges) {\n        this.vertices = new ArrayList<>();\n        this.adjMat = new ArrayList<>();\n        // \u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9\n        for (int val : vertices) {\n            addVertex(val);\n        }\n        // \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9\n        // \u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0cedges \u5143\u7d20\u4ee3\u8868\u9876\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u5373\u5bf9\u5e94 vertices \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\n        for (int[] e : edges) {\n            addEdge(e[0], e[1]);\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u9876\u70b9\u6570\u91cf */\n    public int size() {\n        return vertices.size();\n    }\n\n    /* \u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9 */\n    public void addVertex(int val) {\n        int n = size();\n        // \u5411\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u65b0\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u503c\n        vertices.add(val);\n        // \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u884c\n        List<Integer> newRow = new ArrayList<>(n);\n        for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {\n            newRow.add(0);\n        }\n        adjMat.add(newRow);\n        // \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u5217\n        for (List<Integer> row : adjMat) {\n            row.add(0);\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9 */\n    public void removeVertex(int index) {\n        if (index >= size())\n            throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();\n        // \u5728\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u79fb\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u7684\u9876\u70b9\n        vertices.remove(index);\n        // \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u7684\u884c\n        adjMat.remove(index);\n        // \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u7684\u5217\n        for (List<Integer> row : adjMat) {\n            row.remove(index);\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9 */\n    // \u53c2\u6570 i, j \u5bf9\u5e94 vertices \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\n    public void addEdge(int i, int j) {\n        // \u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\u4e0e\u76f8\u7b49\u5904\u7406\n        if (i < 0 || j < 0 || i >= size() || j >= size() || i == j)\n            throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();\n        // \u5728\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u4e2d\uff0c\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u5173\u4e8e\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u5bf9\u79f0\uff0c\u5373\u6ee1\u8db3 (i, j) == (j, i)\n        adjMat.get(i).set(j, 1);\n        adjMat.get(j).set(i, 1);\n    }\n\n    /* \u5220\u9664\u8fb9 */\n    // \u53c2\u6570 i, j \u5bf9\u5e94 vertices \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\n    public void removeEdge(int i, int j) {\n        // \u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\u4e0e\u76f8\u7b49\u5904\u7406\n        if (i < 0 || j < 0 || i >= size() || j >= size() || i == j)\n            throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();\n        adjMat.get(i).set(j, 0);\n        adjMat.get(j).set(i, 0);\n    }\n\n    /* \u6253\u5370\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635 */\n    public void print() {\n        System.out.print(\"\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868 = \");\n        System.out.println(vertices);\n        System.out.println(\"\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635 =\");\n        PrintUtil.printMatrix(adjMat);\n    }\n}\n
    graph_adjacency_matrix.cs
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u7c7b */\nclass GraphAdjMat {\n    List<int> vertices;     // \u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u4ee3\u8868\u201c\u9876\u70b9\u503c\u201d\uff0c\u7d22\u5f15\u4ee3\u8868\u201c\u9876\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\n    List<List<int>> adjMat; // \u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\uff0c\u884c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u5bf9\u5e94\u201c\u9876\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\n\n    /* \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570 */\n    public GraphAdjMat(int[] vertices, int[][] edges) {\n        this.vertices = [];\n        this.adjMat = [];\n        // \u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9\n        foreach (int val in vertices) {\n            AddVertex(val);\n        }\n        // \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9\n        // \u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0cedges \u5143\u7d20\u4ee3\u8868\u9876\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u5373\u5bf9\u5e94 vertices \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\n        foreach (int[] e in edges) {\n            AddEdge(e[0], e[1]);\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u9876\u70b9\u6570\u91cf */\n    int Size() {\n        return vertices.Count;\n    }\n\n    /* \u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9 */\n    public void AddVertex(int val) {\n        int n = Size();\n        // \u5411\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u65b0\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u503c\n        vertices.Add(val);\n        // \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u884c\n        List<int> newRow = new(n);\n        for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {\n            newRow.Add(0);\n        }\n        adjMat.Add(newRow);\n        // \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u5217\n        foreach (List<int> row in adjMat) {\n            row.Add(0);\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9 */\n    public void RemoveVertex(int index) {\n        if (index >= Size())\n            throw new IndexOutOfRangeException();\n        // \u5728\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u79fb\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u7684\u9876\u70b9\n        vertices.RemoveAt(index);\n        // \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u7684\u884c\n        adjMat.RemoveAt(index);\n        // \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u7684\u5217\n        foreach (List<int> row in adjMat) {\n            row.RemoveAt(index);\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9 */\n    // \u53c2\u6570 i, j \u5bf9\u5e94 vertices \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\n    public void AddEdge(int i, int j) {\n        // \u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\u4e0e\u76f8\u7b49\u5904\u7406\n        if (i < 0 || j < 0 || i >= Size() || j >= Size() || i == j)\n            throw new IndexOutOfRangeException();\n        // \u5728\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u4e2d\uff0c\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u5173\u4e8e\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u5bf9\u79f0\uff0c\u5373\u6ee1\u8db3 (i, j) == (j, i)\n        adjMat[i][j] = 1;\n        adjMat[j][i] = 1;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5220\u9664\u8fb9 */\n    // \u53c2\u6570 i, j \u5bf9\u5e94 vertices \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\n    public void RemoveEdge(int i, int j) {\n        // \u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\u4e0e\u76f8\u7b49\u5904\u7406\n        if (i < 0 || j < 0 || i >= Size() || j >= Size() || i == j)\n            throw new IndexOutOfRangeException();\n        adjMat[i][j] = 0;\n        adjMat[j][i] = 0;\n    }\n\n    /* \u6253\u5370\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635 */\n    public void Print() {\n        Console.Write(\"\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868 = \");\n        PrintUtil.PrintList(vertices);\n        Console.WriteLine(\"\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635 =\");\n        PrintUtil.PrintMatrix(adjMat);\n    }\n}\n
    graph_adjacency_matrix.go
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u7c7b */\ntype graphAdjMat struct {\n    // \u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u4ee3\u8868\u201c\u9876\u70b9\u503c\u201d\uff0c\u7d22\u5f15\u4ee3\u8868\u201c\u9876\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\n    vertices []int\n    // \u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\uff0c\u884c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u5bf9\u5e94\u201c\u9876\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\n    adjMat [][]int\n}\n\n/* \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570 */\nfunc newGraphAdjMat(vertices []int, edges [][]int) *graphAdjMat {\n    // \u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9\n    n := len(vertices)\n    adjMat := make([][]int, n)\n    for i := range adjMat {\n        adjMat[i] = make([]int, n)\n    }\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u56fe\n    g := &graphAdjMat{\n        vertices: vertices,\n        adjMat:   adjMat,\n    }\n    // \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9\n    // \u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0cedges \u5143\u7d20\u4ee3\u8868\u9876\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u5373\u5bf9\u5e94 vertices \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\n    for i := range edges {\n        g.addEdge(edges[i][0], edges[i][1])\n    }\n    return g\n}\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u9876\u70b9\u6570\u91cf */\nfunc (g *graphAdjMat) size() int {\n    return len(g.vertices)\n}\n\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9 */\nfunc (g *graphAdjMat) addVertex(val int) {\n    n := g.size()\n    // \u5411\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u65b0\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u503c\n    g.vertices = append(g.vertices, val)\n    // \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u884c\n    newRow := make([]int, n)\n    g.adjMat = append(g.adjMat, newRow)\n    // \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u5217\n    for i := range g.adjMat {\n        g.adjMat[i] = append(g.adjMat[i], 0)\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9 */\nfunc (g *graphAdjMat) removeVertex(index int) {\n    if index >= g.size() {\n        return\n    }\n    // \u5728\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u79fb\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u7684\u9876\u70b9\n    g.vertices = append(g.vertices[:index], g.vertices[index+1:]...)\n    // \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u7684\u884c\n    g.adjMat = append(g.adjMat[:index], g.adjMat[index+1:]...)\n    // \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u7684\u5217\n    for i := range g.adjMat {\n        g.adjMat[i] = append(g.adjMat[i][:index], g.adjMat[i][index+1:]...)\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9 */\n// \u53c2\u6570 i, j \u5bf9\u5e94 vertices \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\nfunc (g *graphAdjMat) addEdge(i, j int) {\n    // \u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\u4e0e\u76f8\u7b49\u5904\u7406\n    if i < 0 || j < 0 || i >= g.size() || j >= g.size() || i == j {\n        fmt.Errorf(\"%s\", \"Index Out Of Bounds Exception\")\n    }\n    // \u5728\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u4e2d\uff0c\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u5173\u4e8e\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u5bf9\u79f0\uff0c\u5373\u6ee1\u8db3 (i, j) == (j, i)\n    g.adjMat[i][j] = 1\n    g.adjMat[j][i] = 1\n}\n\n/* \u5220\u9664\u8fb9 */\n// \u53c2\u6570 i, j \u5bf9\u5e94 vertices \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\nfunc (g *graphAdjMat) removeEdge(i, j int) {\n    // \u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\u4e0e\u76f8\u7b49\u5904\u7406\n    if i < 0 || j < 0 || i >= g.size() || j >= g.size() || i == j {\n        fmt.Errorf(\"%s\", \"Index Out Of Bounds Exception\")\n    }\n    g.adjMat[i][j] = 0\n    g.adjMat[j][i] = 0\n}\n\n/* \u6253\u5370\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635 */\nfunc (g *graphAdjMat) print() {\n    fmt.Printf(\"\\t\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868 = %v\\n\", g.vertices)\n    fmt.Printf(\"\\t\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635 = \\n\")\n    for i := range g.adjMat {\n        fmt.Printf(\"\\t\\t\\t%v\\n\", g.adjMat[i])\n    }\n}\n
    graph_adjacency_matrix.swift
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u7c7b */\nclass GraphAdjMat {\n    private var vertices: [Int] // \u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u4ee3\u8868\u201c\u9876\u70b9\u503c\u201d\uff0c\u7d22\u5f15\u4ee3\u8868\u201c\u9876\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\n    private var adjMat: [[Int]] // \u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\uff0c\u884c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u5bf9\u5e94\u201c\u9876\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\n\n    /* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\n    init(vertices: [Int], edges: [[Int]]) {\n        self.vertices = []\n        adjMat = []\n        // \u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9\n        for val in vertices {\n            addVertex(val: val)\n        }\n        // \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9\n        // \u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0cedges \u5143\u7d20\u4ee3\u8868\u9876\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u5373\u5bf9\u5e94 vertices \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\n        for e in edges {\n            addEdge(i: e[0], j: e[1])\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u9876\u70b9\u6570\u91cf */\n    func size() -> Int {\n        vertices.count\n    }\n\n    /* \u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9 */\n    func addVertex(val: Int) {\n        let n = size()\n        // \u5411\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u65b0\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u503c\n        vertices.append(val)\n        // \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u884c\n        let newRow = Array(repeating: 0, count: n)\n        adjMat.append(newRow)\n        // \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u5217\n        for i in adjMat.indices {\n            adjMat[i].append(0)\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9 */\n    func removeVertex(index: Int) {\n        if index >= size() {\n            fatalError(\"\u8d8a\u754c\")\n        }\n        // \u5728\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u79fb\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u7684\u9876\u70b9\n        vertices.remove(at: index)\n        // \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u7684\u884c\n        adjMat.remove(at: index)\n        // \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u7684\u5217\n        for i in adjMat.indices {\n            adjMat[i].remove(at: index)\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9 */\n    // \u53c2\u6570 i, j \u5bf9\u5e94 vertices \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\n    func addEdge(i: Int, j: Int) {\n        // \u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\u4e0e\u76f8\u7b49\u5904\u7406\n        if i < 0 || j < 0 || i >= size() || j >= size() || i == j {\n            fatalError(\"\u8d8a\u754c\")\n        }\n        // \u5728\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u4e2d\uff0c\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u5173\u4e8e\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u5bf9\u79f0\uff0c\u5373\u6ee1\u8db3 (i, j) == (j, i)\n        adjMat[i][j] = 1\n        adjMat[j][i] = 1\n    }\n\n    /* \u5220\u9664\u8fb9 */\n    // \u53c2\u6570 i, j \u5bf9\u5e94 vertices \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\n    func removeEdge(i: Int, j: Int) {\n        // \u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\u4e0e\u76f8\u7b49\u5904\u7406\n        if i < 0 || j < 0 || i >= size() || j >= size() || i == j {\n            fatalError(\"\u8d8a\u754c\")\n        }\n        adjMat[i][j] = 0\n        adjMat[j][i] = 0\n    }\n\n    /* \u6253\u5370\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635 */\n    func print() {\n        Swift.print(\"\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868 = \", terminator: \"\")\n        Swift.print(vertices)\n        Swift.print(\"\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635 =\")\n        PrintUtil.printMatrix(matrix: adjMat)\n    }\n}\n
    graph_adjacency_matrix.js
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u7c7b */\nclass GraphAdjMat {\n    vertices; // \u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u4ee3\u8868\u201c\u9876\u70b9\u503c\u201d\uff0c\u7d22\u5f15\u4ee3\u8868\u201c\u9876\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\n    adjMat; // \u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\uff0c\u884c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u5bf9\u5e94\u201c\u9876\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\n\n    /* \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570 */\n    constructor(vertices, edges) {\n        this.vertices = [];\n        this.adjMat = [];\n        // \u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9\n        for (const val of vertices) {\n            this.addVertex(val);\n        }\n        // \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9\n        // \u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0cedges \u5143\u7d20\u4ee3\u8868\u9876\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u5373\u5bf9\u5e94 vertices \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\n        for (const e of edges) {\n            this.addEdge(e[0], e[1]);\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u9876\u70b9\u6570\u91cf */\n    size() {\n        return this.vertices.length;\n    }\n\n    /* \u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9 */\n    addVertex(val) {\n        const n = this.size();\n        // \u5411\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u65b0\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u503c\n        this.vertices.push(val);\n        // \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u884c\n        const newRow = [];\n        for (let j = 0; j < n; j++) {\n            newRow.push(0);\n        }\n        this.adjMat.push(newRow);\n        // \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u5217\n        for (const row of this.adjMat) {\n            row.push(0);\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9 */\n    removeVertex(index) {\n        if (index >= this.size()) {\n            throw new RangeError('Index Out Of Bounds Exception');\n        }\n        // \u5728\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u79fb\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u7684\u9876\u70b9\n        this.vertices.splice(index, 1);\n\n        // \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u7684\u884c\n        this.adjMat.splice(index, 1);\n        // \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u7684\u5217\n        for (const row of this.adjMat) {\n            row.splice(index, 1);\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9 */\n    // \u53c2\u6570 i, j \u5bf9\u5e94 vertices \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\n    addEdge(i, j) {\n        // \u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\u4e0e\u76f8\u7b49\u5904\u7406\n        if (i < 0 || j < 0 || i >= this.size() || j >= this.size() || i === j) {\n            throw new RangeError('Index Out Of Bounds Exception');\n        }\n        // \u5728\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u4e2d\uff0c\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u5173\u4e8e\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u5bf9\u79f0\uff0c\u5373\u6ee1\u8db3 (i, j) === (j, i)\n        this.adjMat[i][j] = 1;\n        this.adjMat[j][i] = 1;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5220\u9664\u8fb9 */\n    // \u53c2\u6570 i, j \u5bf9\u5e94 vertices \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\n    removeEdge(i, j) {\n        // \u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\u4e0e\u76f8\u7b49\u5904\u7406\n        if (i < 0 || j < 0 || i >= this.size() || j >= this.size() || i === j) {\n            throw new RangeError('Index Out Of Bounds Exception');\n        }\n        this.adjMat[i][j] = 0;\n        this.adjMat[j][i] = 0;\n    }\n\n    /* \u6253\u5370\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635 */\n    print() {\n        console.log('\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868 = ', this.vertices);\n        console.log('\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635 =', this.adjMat);\n    }\n}\n
    graph_adjacency_matrix.ts
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u7c7b */\nclass GraphAdjMat {\n    vertices: number[]; // \u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u4ee3\u8868\u201c\u9876\u70b9\u503c\u201d\uff0c\u7d22\u5f15\u4ee3\u8868\u201c\u9876\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\n    adjMat: number[][]; // \u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\uff0c\u884c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u5bf9\u5e94\u201c\u9876\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\n\n    /* \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570 */\n    constructor(vertices: number[], edges: number[][]) {\n        this.vertices = [];\n        this.adjMat = [];\n        // \u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9\n        for (const val of vertices) {\n            this.addVertex(val);\n        }\n        // \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9\n        // \u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0cedges \u5143\u7d20\u4ee3\u8868\u9876\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u5373\u5bf9\u5e94 vertices \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\n        for (const e of edges) {\n            this.addEdge(e[0], e[1]);\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u9876\u70b9\u6570\u91cf */\n    size(): number {\n        return this.vertices.length;\n    }\n\n    /* \u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9 */\n    addVertex(val: number): void {\n        const n: number = this.size();\n        // \u5411\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u65b0\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u503c\n        this.vertices.push(val);\n        // \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u884c\n        const newRow: number[] = [];\n        for (let j: number = 0; j < n; j++) {\n            newRow.push(0);\n        }\n        this.adjMat.push(newRow);\n        // \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u5217\n        for (const row of this.adjMat) {\n            row.push(0);\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9 */\n    removeVertex(index: number): void {\n        if (index >= this.size()) {\n            throw new RangeError('Index Out Of Bounds Exception');\n        }\n        // \u5728\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u79fb\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u7684\u9876\u70b9\n        this.vertices.splice(index, 1);\n\n        // \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u7684\u884c\n        this.adjMat.splice(index, 1);\n        // \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u7684\u5217\n        for (const row of this.adjMat) {\n            row.splice(index, 1);\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9 */\n    // \u53c2\u6570 i, j \u5bf9\u5e94 vertices \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\n    addEdge(i: number, j: number): void {\n        // \u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\u4e0e\u76f8\u7b49\u5904\u7406\n        if (i < 0 || j < 0 || i >= this.size() || j >= this.size() || i === j) {\n            throw new RangeError('Index Out Of Bounds Exception');\n        }\n        // \u5728\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u4e2d\uff0c\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u5173\u4e8e\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u5bf9\u79f0\uff0c\u5373\u6ee1\u8db3 (i, j) === (j, i)\n        this.adjMat[i][j] = 1;\n        this.adjMat[j][i] = 1;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5220\u9664\u8fb9 */\n    // \u53c2\u6570 i, j \u5bf9\u5e94 vertices \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\n    removeEdge(i: number, j: number): void {\n        // \u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\u4e0e\u76f8\u7b49\u5904\u7406\n        if (i < 0 || j < 0 || i >= this.size() || j >= this.size() || i === j) {\n            throw new RangeError('Index Out Of Bounds Exception');\n        }\n        this.adjMat[i][j] = 0;\n        this.adjMat[j][i] = 0;\n    }\n\n    /* \u6253\u5370\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635 */\n    print(): void {\n        console.log('\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868 = ', this.vertices);\n        console.log('\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635 =', this.adjMat);\n    }\n}\n
    graph_adjacency_matrix.dart
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u7c7b */\nclass GraphAdjMat {\n  List<int> vertices = []; // \u9876\u70b9\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u4ee3\u8868\u201c\u9876\u70b9\u503c\u201d\uff0c\u7d22\u5f15\u4ee3\u8868\u201c\u9876\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\n  List<List<int>> adjMat = []; //\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\uff0c\u884c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u5bf9\u5e94\u201c\u9876\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\n\n  /* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\n  GraphAdjMat(List<int> vertices, List<List<int>> edges) {\n    this.vertices = [];\n    this.adjMat = [];\n    // \u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9\n    for (int val in vertices) {\n      addVertex(val);\n    }\n    // \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9\n    // \u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0cedges \u5143\u7d20\u4ee3\u8868\u9876\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u5373\u5bf9\u5e94 vertices \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\n    for (List<int> e in edges) {\n      addEdge(e[0], e[1]);\n    }\n  }\n\n  /* \u83b7\u53d6\u9876\u70b9\u6570\u91cf */\n  int size() {\n    return vertices.length;\n  }\n\n  /* \u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9 */\n  void addVertex(int val) {\n    int n = size();\n    // \u5411\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u65b0\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u503c\n    vertices.add(val);\n    // \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u884c\n    List<int> newRow = List.filled(n, 0, growable: true);\n    adjMat.add(newRow);\n    // \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u5217\n    for (List<int> row in adjMat) {\n      row.add(0);\n    }\n  }\n\n  /* \u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9 */\n  void removeVertex(int index) {\n    if (index >= size()) {\n      throw IndexError;\n    }\n    // \u5728\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u79fb\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u7684\u9876\u70b9\n    vertices.removeAt(index);\n    // \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u7684\u884c\n    adjMat.removeAt(index);\n    // \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u7684\u5217\n    for (List<int> row in adjMat) {\n      row.removeAt(index);\n    }\n  }\n\n  /* \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9 */\n  // \u53c2\u6570 i, j \u5bf9\u5e94 vertices \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\n  void addEdge(int i, int j) {\n    // \u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\u4e0e\u76f8\u7b49\u5904\u7406\n    if (i < 0 || j < 0 || i >= size() || j >= size() || i == j) {\n      throw IndexError;\n    }\n    // \u5728\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u4e2d\uff0c\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u5173\u4e8e\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u5bf9\u79f0\uff0c\u5373\u6ee1\u8db3 (i, j) == (j, i)\n    adjMat[i][j] = 1;\n    adjMat[j][i] = 1;\n  }\n\n  /* \u5220\u9664\u8fb9 */\n  // \u53c2\u6570 i, j \u5bf9\u5e94 vertices \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\n  void removeEdge(int i, int j) {\n    // \u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\u4e0e\u76f8\u7b49\u5904\u7406\n    if (i < 0 || j < 0 || i >= size() || j >= size() || i == j) {\n      throw IndexError;\n    }\n    adjMat[i][j] = 0;\n    adjMat[j][i] = 0;\n  }\n\n  /* \u6253\u5370\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635 */\n  void printAdjMat() {\n    print(\"\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868 = $vertices\");\n    print(\"\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635 = \");\n    printMatrix(adjMat);\n  }\n}\n
    graph_adjacency_matrix.rs
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u7c7b\u578b */\npub struct GraphAdjMat {\n    // \u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u4ee3\u8868\u201c\u9876\u70b9\u503c\u201d\uff0c\u7d22\u5f15\u4ee3\u8868\u201c\u9876\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\n    pub vertices: Vec<i32>,\n    // \u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\uff0c\u884c\u5217\u7d22\u5f15\u5bf9\u5e94\u201c\u9876\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\n    pub adj_mat: Vec<Vec<i32>>,\n}\n\nimpl GraphAdjMat {\n    /* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\n    pub fn new(vertices: Vec<i32>, edges: Vec<[usize; 2]>) -> Self {\n        let mut graph = GraphAdjMat {\n            vertices: vec![],\n            adj_mat: vec![],\n        };\n        // \u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9\n        for val in vertices {\n            graph.add_vertex(val);\n        }\n        // \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9\n        // \u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0cedges \u5143\u7d20\u4ee3\u8868\u9876\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u5373\u5bf9\u5e94 vertices \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\n        for edge in edges {\n            graph.add_edge(edge[0], edge[1])\n        }\n\n        graph\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u9876\u70b9\u6570\u91cf */\n    pub fn size(&self) -> usize {\n        self.vertices.len()\n    }\n\n    /* \u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9 */\n    pub fn add_vertex(&mut self, val: i32) {\n        let n = self.size();\n        // \u5411\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u65b0\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u503c\n        self.vertices.push(val);\n        // \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u884c\n        self.adj_mat.push(vec![0; n]);\n        // \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u5217\n        for row in &mut self.adj_mat {\n            row.push(0);\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9 */\n    pub fn remove_vertex(&mut self, index: usize) {\n        if index >= self.size() {\n            panic!(\"index error\")\n        }\n        // \u5728\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u79fb\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u7684\u9876\u70b9\n        self.vertices.remove(index);\n        // \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u7684\u884c\n        self.adj_mat.remove(index);\n        // \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u7684\u5217\n        for row in &mut self.adj_mat {\n            row.remove(index);\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9 */\n    pub fn add_edge(&mut self, i: usize, j: usize) {\n        // \u53c2\u6570 i, j \u5bf9\u5e94 vertices \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\n        // \u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\u4e0e\u76f8\u7b49\u5904\u7406\n        if i >= self.size() || j >= self.size() || i == j {\n            panic!(\"index error\")\n        }\n        // \u5728\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u4e2d\uff0c\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u5173\u4e8e\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u5bf9\u79f0\uff0c\u5373\u6ee1\u8db3 (i, j) == (j, i)\n        self.adj_mat[i][j] = 1;\n        self.adj_mat[j][i] = 1;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5220\u9664\u8fb9 */\n    // \u53c2\u6570 i, j \u5bf9\u5e94 vertices \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\n    pub fn remove_edge(&mut self, i: usize, j: usize) {\n        // \u53c2\u6570 i, j \u5bf9\u5e94 vertices \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\n        // \u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\u4e0e\u76f8\u7b49\u5904\u7406\n        if i >= self.size() || j >= self.size() || i == j {\n            panic!(\"index error\")\n        }\n        self.adj_mat[i][j] = 0;\n        self.adj_mat[j][i] = 0;\n    }\n\n    /* \u6253\u5370\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635 */\n    pub fn print(&self) {\n        println!(\"\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868 = {:?}\", self.vertices);\n        println!(\"\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635 =\");\n        println!(\"[\");\n        for row in &self.adj_mat {\n            println!(\"  {:?},\", row);\n        }\n        println!(\"]\")\n    }\n}\n
    graph_adjacency_matrix.c
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53 */\ntypedef struct {\n    int vertices[MAX_SIZE];\n    int adjMat[MAX_SIZE][MAX_SIZE];\n    int size;\n} GraphAdjMat;\n\n/* \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570 */\nGraphAdjMat *newGraphAdjMat() {\n    GraphAdjMat *graph = (GraphAdjMat *)malloc(sizeof(GraphAdjMat));\n    graph->size = 0;\n    for (int i = 0; i < MAX_SIZE; i++) {\n        for (int j = 0; j < MAX_SIZE; j++) {\n            graph->adjMat[i][j] = 0;\n        }\n    }\n    return graph;\n}\n\n/* \u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570 */\nvoid delGraphAdjMat(GraphAdjMat *graph) {\n    free(graph);\n}\n\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9 */\nvoid addVertex(GraphAdjMat *graph, int val) {\n    if (graph->size == MAX_SIZE) {\n        fprintf(stderr, \"\u56fe\u7684\u9876\u70b9\u6570\u91cf\u5df2\u8fbe\u6700\u5927\u503c\\n\");\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u6dfb\u52a0\u7b2c n \u4e2a\u9876\u70b9\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u7b2c n \u884c\u548c\u5217\u7f6e\u96f6\n    int n = graph->size;\n    graph->vertices[n] = val;\n    for (int i = 0; i <= n; i++) {\n        graph->adjMat[n][i] = graph->adjMat[i][n] = 0;\n    }\n    graph->size++;\n}\n\n/* \u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9 */\nvoid removeVertex(GraphAdjMat *graph, int index) {\n    if (index < 0 || index >= graph->size) {\n        fprintf(stderr, \"\u9876\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\\n\");\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u5728\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u79fb\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u7684\u9876\u70b9\n    for (int i = index; i < graph->size - 1; i++) {\n        graph->vertices[i] = graph->vertices[i + 1];\n    }\n    // \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u7684\u884c\n    for (int i = index; i < graph->size - 1; i++) {\n        for (int j = 0; j < graph->size; j++) {\n            graph->adjMat[i][j] = graph->adjMat[i + 1][j];\n        }\n    }\n    // \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15 index \u7684\u5217\n    for (int i = 0; i < graph->size; i++) {\n        for (int j = index; j < graph->size - 1; j++) {\n            graph->adjMat[i][j] = graph->adjMat[i][j + 1];\n        }\n    }\n    graph->size--;\n}\n\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9 */\n// \u53c2\u6570 i, j \u5bf9\u5e94 vertices \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\nvoid addEdge(GraphAdjMat *graph, int i, int j) {\n    if (i < 0 || j < 0 || i >= graph->size || j >= graph->size || i == j) {\n        fprintf(stderr, \"\u8fb9\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\u6216\u76f8\u7b49\\n\");\n        return;\n    }\n    graph->adjMat[i][j] = 1;\n    graph->adjMat[j][i] = 1;\n}\n\n/* \u5220\u9664\u8fb9 */\n// \u53c2\u6570 i, j \u5bf9\u5e94 vertices \u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\nvoid removeEdge(GraphAdjMat *graph, int i, int j) {\n    if (i < 0 || j < 0 || i >= graph->size || j >= graph->size || i == j) {\n        fprintf(stderr, \"\u8fb9\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\u6216\u76f8\u7b49\\n\");\n        return;\n    }\n    graph->adjMat[i][j] = 0;\n    graph->adjMat[j][i] = 0;\n}\n\n/* \u6253\u5370\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635 */\nvoid printGraphAdjMat(GraphAdjMat *graph) {\n    printf(\"\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868 = \");\n    printArray(graph->vertices, graph->size);\n    printf(\"\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635 =\\n\");\n    for (int i = 0; i < graph->size; i++) {\n        printArray(graph->adjMat[i], graph->size);\n    }\n}\n
    graph_adjacency_matrix.zig
    [class]{GraphAdjMat}-[func]{}\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_graph/graph_operations/#922","title":"9.2.2 \u00a0 \u57fa\u4e8e\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0","text":"

    \u8bbe\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u7684\u9876\u70b9\u603b\u6570\u4e3a \\(n\\)\u3001\u8fb9\u603b\u6570\u4e3a \\(m\\) \uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u6839\u636e\u56fe 9-8 \u6240\u793a\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5b9e\u73b0\u5404\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002

    • \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9\uff1a\u5728\u9876\u70b9\u5bf9\u5e94\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u672b\u5c3e\u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9\u5373\u53ef\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(1)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u662f\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u9700\u8981\u540c\u65f6\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u8fb9\u3002
    • \u5220\u9664\u8fb9\uff1a\u5728\u9876\u70b9\u5bf9\u5e94\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u5e76\u5220\u9664\u6307\u5b9a\u8fb9\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(m)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u5728\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u4e2d\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u540c\u65f6\u5220\u9664\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u8fb9\u3002
    • \u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9\uff1a\u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u94fe\u8868\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u65b0\u589e\u9876\u70b9\u4f5c\u4e3a\u94fe\u8868\u5934\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(1)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u3002
    • \u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9\uff1a\u9700\u904d\u5386\u6574\u4e2a\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\uff0c\u5220\u9664\u5305\u542b\u6307\u5b9a\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8fb9\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(n + m)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u3002
    • \u521d\u59cb\u5316\uff1a\u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u4e2d\u521b\u5efa \\(n\\) \u4e2a\u9876\u70b9\u548c \\(2m\\) \u6761\u8fb9\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(n + m)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u3002
    \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9\u5220\u9664\u8fb9\u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9\u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9

    \u56fe 9-8 \u00a0 \u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u3001\u589e\u5220\u8fb9\u3001\u589e\u5220\u9876\u70b9

    \u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u5bf9\u6bd4\u56fe 9-8 \uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4ee3\u7801\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e0d\u540c\u3002

    • \u4e3a\u4e86\u65b9\u4fbf\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e0e\u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7b80\u5316\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u5217\u8868\uff08\u52a8\u6001\u6570\u7ec4\uff09\u6765\u4ee3\u66ff\u94fe\u8868\u3002
    • \u4f7f\u7528\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u6765\u5b58\u50a8\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\uff0ckey \u4e3a\u9876\u70b9\u5b9e\u4f8b\uff0cvalue \u4e3a\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\u5217\u8868\uff08\u94fe\u8868\uff09\u3002

    \u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528 Vertex \u7c7b\u6765\u8868\u793a\u9876\u70b9\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u662f\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u4e0e\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u7528\u5217\u8868\u7d22\u5f15\u6765\u533a\u5206\u4e0d\u540c\u9876\u70b9\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5047\u8bbe\u8981\u5220\u9664\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a \\(i\\) \u7684\u9876\u70b9\uff0c\u5219\u9700\u904d\u5386\u6574\u4e2a\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\uff0c\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u5927\u4e8e \\(i\\) \u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u5168\u90e8\u51cf \\(1\\) \uff0c\u6548\u7387\u5f88\u4f4e\u3002\u800c\u5982\u679c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u9876\u70b9\u90fd\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u7684 Vertex \u5b9e\u4f8b\uff0c\u5220\u9664\u67d0\u4e00\u9876\u70b9\u4e4b\u540e\u5c31\u65e0\u987b\u6539\u52a8\u5176\u4ed6\u9876\u70b9\u4e86\u3002

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig graph_adjacency_list.py
    class GraphAdjList:\n    \"\"\"\u57fa\u4e8e\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u7c7b\"\"\"\n\n    def __init__(self, edges: list[list[Vertex]]):\n        \"\"\"\u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5\"\"\"\n        # \u90bb\u63a5\u8868\uff0ckey\uff1a\u9876\u70b9\uff0cvalue\uff1a\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\n        self.adj_list = dict[Vertex, list[Vertex]]()\n        # \u6dfb\u52a0\u6240\u6709\u9876\u70b9\u548c\u8fb9\n        for edge in edges:\n            self.add_vertex(edge[0])\n            self.add_vertex(edge[1])\n            self.add_edge(edge[0], edge[1])\n\n    def size(self) -> int:\n        \"\"\"\u83b7\u53d6\u9876\u70b9\u6570\u91cf\"\"\"\n        return len(self.adj_list)\n\n    def add_edge(self, vet1: Vertex, vet2: Vertex):\n        \"\"\"\u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9\"\"\"\n        if vet1 not in self.adj_list or vet2 not in self.adj_list or vet1 == vet2:\n            raise ValueError()\n        # \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9 vet1 - vet2\n        self.adj_list[vet1].append(vet2)\n        self.adj_list[vet2].append(vet1)\n\n    def remove_edge(self, vet1: Vertex, vet2: Vertex):\n        \"\"\"\u5220\u9664\u8fb9\"\"\"\n        if vet1 not in self.adj_list or vet2 not in self.adj_list or vet1 == vet2:\n            raise ValueError()\n        # \u5220\u9664\u8fb9 vet1 - vet2\n        self.adj_list[vet1].remove(vet2)\n        self.adj_list[vet2].remove(vet1)\n\n    def add_vertex(self, vet: Vertex):\n        \"\"\"\u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9\"\"\"\n        if vet in self.adj_list:\n            return\n        # \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u94fe\u8868\n        self.adj_list[vet] = []\n\n    def remove_vertex(self, vet: Vertex):\n        \"\"\"\u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9\"\"\"\n        if vet not in self.adj_list:\n            raise ValueError()\n        # \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9 vet \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u94fe\u8868\n        self.adj_list.pop(vet)\n        # \u904d\u5386\u5176\u4ed6\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u94fe\u8868\uff0c\u5220\u9664\u6240\u6709\u5305\u542b vet \u7684\u8fb9\n        for vertex in self.adj_list:\n            if vet in self.adj_list[vertex]:\n                self.adj_list[vertex].remove(vet)\n\n    def print(self):\n        \"\"\"\u6253\u5370\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\"\"\"\n        print(\"\u90bb\u63a5\u8868 =\")\n        for vertex in self.adj_list:\n            tmp = [v.val for v in self.adj_list[vertex]]\n            print(f\"{vertex.val}: {tmp},\")\n
    graph_adjacency_list.cpp
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u7c7b */\nclass GraphAdjList {\n  public:\n    // \u90bb\u63a5\u8868\uff0ckey\uff1a\u9876\u70b9\uff0cvalue\uff1a\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\n    unordered_map<Vertex *, vector<Vertex *>> adjList;\n\n    /* \u5728 vector \u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u6307\u5b9a\u8282\u70b9 */\n    void remove(vector<Vertex *> &vec, Vertex *vet) {\n        for (int i = 0; i < vec.size(); i++) {\n            if (vec[i] == vet) {\n                vec.erase(vec.begin() + i);\n                break;\n            }\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\n    GraphAdjList(const vector<vector<Vertex *>> &edges) {\n        // \u6dfb\u52a0\u6240\u6709\u9876\u70b9\u548c\u8fb9\n        for (const vector<Vertex *> &edge : edges) {\n            addVertex(edge[0]);\n            addVertex(edge[1]);\n            addEdge(edge[0], edge[1]);\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u9876\u70b9\u6570\u91cf */\n    int size() {\n        return adjList.size();\n    }\n\n    /* \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9 */\n    void addEdge(Vertex *vet1, Vertex *vet2) {\n        if (!adjList.count(vet1) || !adjList.count(vet2) || vet1 == vet2)\n            throw invalid_argument(\"\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u9876\u70b9\");\n        // \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9 vet1 - vet2\n        adjList[vet1].push_back(vet2);\n        adjList[vet2].push_back(vet1);\n    }\n\n    /* \u5220\u9664\u8fb9 */\n    void removeEdge(Vertex *vet1, Vertex *vet2) {\n        if (!adjList.count(vet1) || !adjList.count(vet2) || vet1 == vet2)\n            throw invalid_argument(\"\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u9876\u70b9\");\n        // \u5220\u9664\u8fb9 vet1 - vet2\n        remove(adjList[vet1], vet2);\n        remove(adjList[vet2], vet1);\n    }\n\n    /* \u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9 */\n    void addVertex(Vertex *vet) {\n        if (adjList.count(vet))\n            return;\n        // \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u94fe\u8868\n        adjList[vet] = vector<Vertex *>();\n    }\n\n    /* \u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9 */\n    void removeVertex(Vertex *vet) {\n        if (!adjList.count(vet))\n            throw invalid_argument(\"\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u9876\u70b9\");\n        // \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9 vet \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u94fe\u8868\n        adjList.erase(vet);\n        // \u904d\u5386\u5176\u4ed6\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u94fe\u8868\uff0c\u5220\u9664\u6240\u6709\u5305\u542b vet \u7684\u8fb9\n        for (auto &adj : adjList) {\n            remove(adj.second, vet);\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u6253\u5370\u90bb\u63a5\u8868 */\n    void print() {\n        cout << \"\u90bb\u63a5\u8868 =\" << endl;\n        for (auto &adj : adjList) {\n            const auto &key = adj.first;\n            const auto &vec = adj.second;\n            cout << key->val << \": \";\n            printVector(vetsToVals(vec));\n        }\n    }\n};\n
    graph_adjacency_list.java
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u7c7b */\nclass GraphAdjList {\n    // \u90bb\u63a5\u8868\uff0ckey\uff1a\u9876\u70b9\uff0cvalue\uff1a\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\n    Map<Vertex, List<Vertex>> adjList;\n\n    /* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\n    public GraphAdjList(Vertex[][] edges) {\n        this.adjList = new HashMap<>();\n        // \u6dfb\u52a0\u6240\u6709\u9876\u70b9\u548c\u8fb9\n        for (Vertex[] edge : edges) {\n            addVertex(edge[0]);\n            addVertex(edge[1]);\n            addEdge(edge[0], edge[1]);\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u9876\u70b9\u6570\u91cf */\n    public int size() {\n        return adjList.size();\n    }\n\n    /* \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9 */\n    public void addEdge(Vertex vet1, Vertex vet2) {\n        if (!adjList.containsKey(vet1) || !adjList.containsKey(vet2) || vet1 == vet2)\n            throw new IllegalArgumentException();\n        // \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9 vet1 - vet2\n        adjList.get(vet1).add(vet2);\n        adjList.get(vet2).add(vet1);\n    }\n\n    /* \u5220\u9664\u8fb9 */\n    public void removeEdge(Vertex vet1, Vertex vet2) {\n        if (!adjList.containsKey(vet1) || !adjList.containsKey(vet2) || vet1 == vet2)\n            throw new IllegalArgumentException();\n        // \u5220\u9664\u8fb9 vet1 - vet2\n        adjList.get(vet1).remove(vet2);\n        adjList.get(vet2).remove(vet1);\n    }\n\n    /* \u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9 */\n    public void addVertex(Vertex vet) {\n        if (adjList.containsKey(vet))\n            return;\n        // \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u94fe\u8868\n        adjList.put(vet, new ArrayList<>());\n    }\n\n    /* \u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9 */\n    public void removeVertex(Vertex vet) {\n        if (!adjList.containsKey(vet))\n            throw new IllegalArgumentException();\n        // \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9 vet \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u94fe\u8868\n        adjList.remove(vet);\n        // \u904d\u5386\u5176\u4ed6\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u94fe\u8868\uff0c\u5220\u9664\u6240\u6709\u5305\u542b vet \u7684\u8fb9\n        for (List<Vertex> list : adjList.values()) {\n            list.remove(vet);\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u6253\u5370\u90bb\u63a5\u8868 */\n    public void print() {\n        System.out.println(\"\u90bb\u63a5\u8868 =\");\n        for (Map.Entry<Vertex, List<Vertex>> pair : adjList.entrySet()) {\n            List<Integer> tmp = new ArrayList<>();\n            for (Vertex vertex : pair.getValue())\n                tmp.add(vertex.val);\n            System.out.println(pair.getKey().val + \": \" + tmp + \",\");\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    graph_adjacency_list.cs
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u7c7b */\nclass GraphAdjList {\n    // \u90bb\u63a5\u8868\uff0ckey\uff1a\u9876\u70b9\uff0cvalue\uff1a\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\n    public Dictionary<Vertex, List<Vertex>> adjList;\n\n    /* \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570 */\n    public GraphAdjList(Vertex[][] edges) {\n        adjList = [];\n        // \u6dfb\u52a0\u6240\u6709\u9876\u70b9\u548c\u8fb9\n        foreach (Vertex[] edge in edges) {\n            AddVertex(edge[0]);\n            AddVertex(edge[1]);\n            AddEdge(edge[0], edge[1]);\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u9876\u70b9\u6570\u91cf */\n    int Size() {\n        return adjList.Count;\n    }\n\n    /* \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9 */\n    public void AddEdge(Vertex vet1, Vertex vet2) {\n        if (!adjList.ContainsKey(vet1) || !adjList.ContainsKey(vet2) || vet1 == vet2)\n            throw new InvalidOperationException();\n        // \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9 vet1 - vet2\n        adjList[vet1].Add(vet2);\n        adjList[vet2].Add(vet1);\n    }\n\n    /* \u5220\u9664\u8fb9 */\n    public void RemoveEdge(Vertex vet1, Vertex vet2) {\n        if (!adjList.ContainsKey(vet1) || !adjList.ContainsKey(vet2) || vet1 == vet2)\n            throw new InvalidOperationException();\n        // \u5220\u9664\u8fb9 vet1 - vet2\n        adjList[vet1].Remove(vet2);\n        adjList[vet2].Remove(vet1);\n    }\n\n    /* \u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9 */\n    public void AddVertex(Vertex vet) {\n        if (adjList.ContainsKey(vet))\n            return;\n        // \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u94fe\u8868\n        adjList.Add(vet, []);\n    }\n\n    /* \u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9 */\n    public void RemoveVertex(Vertex vet) {\n        if (!adjList.ContainsKey(vet))\n            throw new InvalidOperationException();\n        // \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9 vet \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u94fe\u8868\n        adjList.Remove(vet);\n        // \u904d\u5386\u5176\u4ed6\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u94fe\u8868\uff0c\u5220\u9664\u6240\u6709\u5305\u542b vet \u7684\u8fb9\n        foreach (List<Vertex> list in adjList.Values) {\n            list.Remove(vet);\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u6253\u5370\u90bb\u63a5\u8868 */\n    public void Print() {\n        Console.WriteLine(\"\u90bb\u63a5\u8868 =\");\n        foreach (KeyValuePair<Vertex, List<Vertex>> pair in adjList) {\n            List<int> tmp = [];\n            foreach (Vertex vertex in pair.Value)\n                tmp.Add(vertex.val);\n            Console.WriteLine(pair.Key.val + \": [\" + string.Join(\", \", tmp) + \"],\");\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    graph_adjacency_list.go
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u7c7b */\ntype graphAdjList struct {\n    // \u90bb\u63a5\u8868\uff0ckey\uff1a\u9876\u70b9\uff0cvalue\uff1a\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\n    adjList map[Vertex][]Vertex\n}\n\n/* \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570 */\nfunc newGraphAdjList(edges [][]Vertex) *graphAdjList {\n    g := &graphAdjList{\n        adjList: make(map[Vertex][]Vertex),\n    }\n    // \u6dfb\u52a0\u6240\u6709\u9876\u70b9\u548c\u8fb9\n    for _, edge := range edges {\n        g.addVertex(edge[0])\n        g.addVertex(edge[1])\n        g.addEdge(edge[0], edge[1])\n    }\n    return g\n}\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u9876\u70b9\u6570\u91cf */\nfunc (g *graphAdjList) size() int {\n    return len(g.adjList)\n}\n\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9 */\nfunc (g *graphAdjList) addEdge(vet1 Vertex, vet2 Vertex) {\n    _, ok1 := g.adjList[vet1]\n    _, ok2 := g.adjList[vet2]\n    if !ok1 || !ok2 || vet1 == vet2 {\n        panic(\"error\")\n    }\n    // \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9 vet1 - vet2, \u6dfb\u52a0\u533f\u540d struct{},\n    g.adjList[vet1] = append(g.adjList[vet1], vet2)\n    g.adjList[vet2] = append(g.adjList[vet2], vet1)\n}\n\n/* \u5220\u9664\u8fb9 */\nfunc (g *graphAdjList) removeEdge(vet1 Vertex, vet2 Vertex) {\n    _, ok1 := g.adjList[vet1]\n    _, ok2 := g.adjList[vet2]\n    if !ok1 || !ok2 || vet1 == vet2 {\n        panic(\"error\")\n    }\n    // \u5220\u9664\u8fb9 vet1 - vet2\n    g.adjList[vet1] = DeleteSliceElms(g.adjList[vet1], vet2)\n    g.adjList[vet2] = DeleteSliceElms(g.adjList[vet2], vet1)\n}\n\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9 */\nfunc (g *graphAdjList) addVertex(vet Vertex) {\n    _, ok := g.adjList[vet]\n    if ok {\n        return\n    }\n    // \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u94fe\u8868\n    g.adjList[vet] = make([]Vertex, 0)\n}\n\n/* \u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9 */\nfunc (g *graphAdjList) removeVertex(vet Vertex) {\n    _, ok := g.adjList[vet]\n    if !ok {\n        panic(\"error\")\n    }\n    // \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9 vet \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u94fe\u8868\n    delete(g.adjList, vet)\n    // \u904d\u5386\u5176\u4ed6\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u94fe\u8868\uff0c\u5220\u9664\u6240\u6709\u5305\u542b vet \u7684\u8fb9\n    for v, list := range g.adjList {\n        g.adjList[v] = DeleteSliceElms(list, vet)\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u6253\u5370\u90bb\u63a5\u8868 */\nfunc (g *graphAdjList) print() {\n    var builder strings.Builder\n    fmt.Printf(\"\u90bb\u63a5\u8868 = \\n\")\n    for k, v := range g.adjList {\n        builder.WriteString(\"\\t\\t\" + strconv.Itoa(k.Val) + \": \")\n        for _, vet := range v {\n            builder.WriteString(strconv.Itoa(vet.Val) + \" \")\n        }\n        fmt.Println(builder.String())\n        builder.Reset()\n    }\n}\n
    graph_adjacency_list.swift
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u7c7b */\nclass GraphAdjList {\n    // \u90bb\u63a5\u8868\uff0ckey\uff1a\u9876\u70b9\uff0cvalue\uff1a\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\n    public private(set) var adjList: [Vertex: [Vertex]]\n\n    /* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\n    public init(edges: [[Vertex]]) {\n        adjList = [:]\n        // \u6dfb\u52a0\u6240\u6709\u9876\u70b9\u548c\u8fb9\n        for edge in edges {\n            addVertex(vet: edge[0])\n            addVertex(vet: edge[1])\n            addEdge(vet1: edge[0], vet2: edge[1])\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u9876\u70b9\u6570\u91cf */\n    public func size() -> Int {\n        adjList.count\n    }\n\n    /* \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9 */\n    public func addEdge(vet1: Vertex, vet2: Vertex) {\n        if adjList[vet1] == nil || adjList[vet2] == nil || vet1 == vet2 {\n            fatalError(\"\u53c2\u6570\u9519\u8bef\")\n        }\n        // \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9 vet1 - vet2\n        adjList[vet1]?.append(vet2)\n        adjList[vet2]?.append(vet1)\n    }\n\n    /* \u5220\u9664\u8fb9 */\n    public func removeEdge(vet1: Vertex, vet2: Vertex) {\n        if adjList[vet1] == nil || adjList[vet2] == nil || vet1 == vet2 {\n            fatalError(\"\u53c2\u6570\u9519\u8bef\")\n        }\n        // \u5220\u9664\u8fb9 vet1 - vet2\n        adjList[vet1]?.removeAll(where: { $0 == vet2 })\n        adjList[vet2]?.removeAll(where: { $0 == vet1 })\n    }\n\n    /* \u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9 */\n    public func addVertex(vet: Vertex) {\n        if adjList[vet] != nil {\n            return\n        }\n        // \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u94fe\u8868\n        adjList[vet] = []\n    }\n\n    /* \u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9 */\n    public func removeVertex(vet: Vertex) {\n        if adjList[vet] == nil {\n            fatalError(\"\u53c2\u6570\u9519\u8bef\")\n        }\n        // \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9 vet \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u94fe\u8868\n        adjList.removeValue(forKey: vet)\n        // \u904d\u5386\u5176\u4ed6\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u94fe\u8868\uff0c\u5220\u9664\u6240\u6709\u5305\u542b vet \u7684\u8fb9\n        for key in adjList.keys {\n            adjList[key]?.removeAll(where: { $0 == vet })\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u6253\u5370\u90bb\u63a5\u8868 */\n    public func print() {\n        Swift.print(\"\u90bb\u63a5\u8868 =\")\n        for pair in adjList {\n            var tmp: [Int] = []\n            for vertex in pair.value {\n                tmp.append(vertex.val)\n            }\n            Swift.print(\"\\(pair.key.val): \\(tmp),\")\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    graph_adjacency_list.js
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u7c7b */\nclass GraphAdjList {\n    // \u90bb\u63a5\u8868\uff0ckey\uff1a\u9876\u70b9\uff0cvalue\uff1a\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\n    adjList;\n\n    /* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\n    constructor(edges) {\n        this.adjList = new Map();\n        // \u6dfb\u52a0\u6240\u6709\u9876\u70b9\u548c\u8fb9\n        for (const edge of edges) {\n            this.addVertex(edge[0]);\n            this.addVertex(edge[1]);\n            this.addEdge(edge[0], edge[1]);\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u9876\u70b9\u6570\u91cf */\n    size() {\n        return this.adjList.size;\n    }\n\n    /* \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9 */\n    addEdge(vet1, vet2) {\n        if (\n            !this.adjList.has(vet1) ||\n            !this.adjList.has(vet2) ||\n            vet1 === vet2\n        ) {\n            throw new Error('Illegal Argument Exception');\n        }\n        // \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9 vet1 - vet2\n        this.adjList.get(vet1).push(vet2);\n        this.adjList.get(vet2).push(vet1);\n    }\n\n    /* \u5220\u9664\u8fb9 */\n    removeEdge(vet1, vet2) {\n        if (\n            !this.adjList.has(vet1) ||\n            !this.adjList.has(vet2) ||\n            vet1 === vet2\n        ) {\n            throw new Error('Illegal Argument Exception');\n        }\n        // \u5220\u9664\u8fb9 vet1 - vet2\n        this.adjList.get(vet1).splice(this.adjList.get(vet1).indexOf(vet2), 1);\n        this.adjList.get(vet2).splice(this.adjList.get(vet2).indexOf(vet1), 1);\n    }\n\n    /* \u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9 */\n    addVertex(vet) {\n        if (this.adjList.has(vet)) return;\n        // \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u94fe\u8868\n        this.adjList.set(vet, []);\n    }\n\n    /* \u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9 */\n    removeVertex(vet) {\n        if (!this.adjList.has(vet)) {\n            throw new Error('Illegal Argument Exception');\n        }\n        // \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9 vet \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u94fe\u8868\n        this.adjList.delete(vet);\n        // \u904d\u5386\u5176\u4ed6\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u94fe\u8868\uff0c\u5220\u9664\u6240\u6709\u5305\u542b vet \u7684\u8fb9\n        for (const set of this.adjList.values()) {\n            const index = set.indexOf(vet);\n            if (index > -1) {\n                set.splice(index, 1);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u6253\u5370\u90bb\u63a5\u8868 */\n    print() {\n        console.log('\u90bb\u63a5\u8868 =');\n        for (const [key, value] of this.adjList) {\n            const tmp = [];\n            for (const vertex of value) {\n                tmp.push(vertex.val);\n            }\n            console.log(key.val + ': ' + tmp.join());\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    graph_adjacency_list.ts
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u7c7b */\nclass GraphAdjList {\n    // \u90bb\u63a5\u8868\uff0ckey\uff1a\u9876\u70b9\uff0cvalue\uff1a\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\n    adjList: Map<Vertex, Vertex[]>;\n\n    /* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\n    constructor(edges: Vertex[][]) {\n        this.adjList = new Map();\n        // \u6dfb\u52a0\u6240\u6709\u9876\u70b9\u548c\u8fb9\n        for (const edge of edges) {\n            this.addVertex(edge[0]);\n            this.addVertex(edge[1]);\n            this.addEdge(edge[0], edge[1]);\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u9876\u70b9\u6570\u91cf */\n    size(): number {\n        return this.adjList.size;\n    }\n\n    /* \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9 */\n    addEdge(vet1: Vertex, vet2: Vertex): void {\n        if (\n            !this.adjList.has(vet1) ||\n            !this.adjList.has(vet2) ||\n            vet1 === vet2\n        ) {\n            throw new Error('Illegal Argument Exception');\n        }\n        // \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9 vet1 - vet2\n        this.adjList.get(vet1).push(vet2);\n        this.adjList.get(vet2).push(vet1);\n    }\n\n    /* \u5220\u9664\u8fb9 */\n    removeEdge(vet1: Vertex, vet2: Vertex): void {\n        if (\n            !this.adjList.has(vet1) ||\n            !this.adjList.has(vet2) ||\n            vet1 === vet2\n        ) {\n            throw new Error('Illegal Argument Exception');\n        }\n        // \u5220\u9664\u8fb9 vet1 - vet2\n        this.adjList.get(vet1).splice(this.adjList.get(vet1).indexOf(vet2), 1);\n        this.adjList.get(vet2).splice(this.adjList.get(vet2).indexOf(vet1), 1);\n    }\n\n    /* \u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9 */\n    addVertex(vet: Vertex): void {\n        if (this.adjList.has(vet)) return;\n        // \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u94fe\u8868\n        this.adjList.set(vet, []);\n    }\n\n    /* \u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9 */\n    removeVertex(vet: Vertex): void {\n        if (!this.adjList.has(vet)) {\n            throw new Error('Illegal Argument Exception');\n        }\n        // \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9 vet \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u94fe\u8868\n        this.adjList.delete(vet);\n        // \u904d\u5386\u5176\u4ed6\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u94fe\u8868\uff0c\u5220\u9664\u6240\u6709\u5305\u542b vet \u7684\u8fb9\n        for (const set of this.adjList.values()) {\n            const index: number = set.indexOf(vet);\n            if (index > -1) {\n                set.splice(index, 1);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u6253\u5370\u90bb\u63a5\u8868 */\n    print(): void {\n        console.log('\u90bb\u63a5\u8868 =');\n        for (const [key, value] of this.adjList.entries()) {\n            const tmp = [];\n            for (const vertex of value) {\n                tmp.push(vertex.val);\n            }\n            console.log(key.val + ': ' + tmp.join());\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    graph_adjacency_list.dart
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u7c7b */\nclass GraphAdjList {\n  // \u90bb\u63a5\u8868\uff0ckey\uff1a\u9876\u70b9\uff0cvalue\uff1a\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\n  Map<Vertex, List<Vertex>> adjList = {};\n\n  /* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\n  GraphAdjList(List<List<Vertex>> edges) {\n    for (List<Vertex> edge in edges) {\n      addVertex(edge[0]);\n      addVertex(edge[1]);\n      addEdge(edge[0], edge[1]);\n    }\n  }\n\n  /* \u83b7\u53d6\u9876\u70b9\u6570\u91cf */\n  int size() {\n    return adjList.length;\n  }\n\n  /* \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9 */\n  void addEdge(Vertex vet1, Vertex vet2) {\n    if (!adjList.containsKey(vet1) ||\n        !adjList.containsKey(vet2) ||\n        vet1 == vet2) {\n      throw ArgumentError;\n    }\n    // \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9 vet1 - vet2\n    adjList[vet1]!.add(vet2);\n    adjList[vet2]!.add(vet1);\n  }\n\n  /* \u5220\u9664\u8fb9 */\n  void removeEdge(Vertex vet1, Vertex vet2) {\n    if (!adjList.containsKey(vet1) ||\n        !adjList.containsKey(vet2) ||\n        vet1 == vet2) {\n      throw ArgumentError;\n    }\n    // \u5220\u9664\u8fb9 vet1 - vet2\n    adjList[vet1]!.remove(vet2);\n    adjList[vet2]!.remove(vet1);\n  }\n\n  /* \u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9 */\n  void addVertex(Vertex vet) {\n    if (adjList.containsKey(vet)) return;\n    // \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u94fe\u8868\n    adjList[vet] = [];\n  }\n\n  /* \u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9 */\n  void removeVertex(Vertex vet) {\n    if (!adjList.containsKey(vet)) {\n      throw ArgumentError;\n    }\n    // \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9 vet \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u94fe\u8868\n    adjList.remove(vet);\n    // \u904d\u5386\u5176\u4ed6\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u94fe\u8868\uff0c\u5220\u9664\u6240\u6709\u5305\u542b vet \u7684\u8fb9\n    adjList.forEach((key, value) {\n      value.remove(vet);\n    });\n  }\n\n  /* \u6253\u5370\u90bb\u63a5\u8868 */\n  void printAdjList() {\n    print(\"\u90bb\u63a5\u8868 =\");\n    adjList.forEach((key, value) {\n      List<int> tmp = [];\n      for (Vertex vertex in value) {\n        tmp.add(vertex.val);\n      }\n      print(\"${key.val}: $tmp,\");\n    });\n  }\n}\n
    graph_adjacency_list.rs
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u7c7b\u578b */\npub struct GraphAdjList {\n    // \u90bb\u63a5\u8868\uff0ckey\uff1a\u9876\u70b9\uff0cvalue\uff1a\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\n    pub adj_list: HashMap<Vertex, Vec<Vertex>>,\n}\n\nimpl GraphAdjList {\n    /* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\n    pub fn new(edges: Vec<[Vertex; 2]>) -> Self {\n        let mut graph = GraphAdjList {\n            adj_list: HashMap::new(),\n        };\n        // \u6dfb\u52a0\u6240\u6709\u9876\u70b9\u548c\u8fb9\n        for edge in edges {\n            graph.add_vertex(edge[0]);\n            graph.add_vertex(edge[1]);\n            graph.add_edge(edge[0], edge[1]);\n        }\n\n        graph\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u9876\u70b9\u6570\u91cf */\n    #[allow(unused)]\n    pub fn size(&self) -> usize {\n        self.adj_list.len()\n    }\n\n    /* \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9 */\n    pub fn add_edge(&mut self, vet1: Vertex, vet2: Vertex) {\n        if !self.adj_list.contains_key(&vet1) || !self.adj_list.contains_key(&vet2) || vet1 == vet2\n        {\n            panic!(\"value error\");\n        }\n        // \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9 vet1 - vet2\n        self.adj_list.get_mut(&vet1).unwrap().push(vet2);\n        self.adj_list.get_mut(&vet2).unwrap().push(vet1);\n    }\n\n    /* \u5220\u9664\u8fb9 */\n    #[allow(unused)]\n    pub fn remove_edge(&mut self, vet1: Vertex, vet2: Vertex) {\n        if !self.adj_list.contains_key(&vet1) || !self.adj_list.contains_key(&vet2) || vet1 == vet2\n        {\n            panic!(\"value error\");\n        }\n        // \u5220\u9664\u8fb9 vet1 - vet2\n        self.adj_list\n            .get_mut(&vet1)\n            .unwrap()\n            .retain(|&vet| vet != vet2);\n        self.adj_list\n            .get_mut(&vet2)\n            .unwrap()\n            .retain(|&vet| vet != vet1);\n    }\n\n    /* \u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9 */\n    pub fn add_vertex(&mut self, vet: Vertex) {\n        if self.adj_list.contains_key(&vet) {\n            return;\n        }\n        // \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u94fe\u8868\n        self.adj_list.insert(vet, vec![]);\n    }\n\n    /* \u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9 */\n    #[allow(unused)]\n    pub fn remove_vertex(&mut self, vet: Vertex) {\n        if !self.adj_list.contains_key(&vet) {\n            panic!(\"value error\");\n        }\n        // \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9 vet \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u94fe\u8868\n        self.adj_list.remove(&vet);\n        // \u904d\u5386\u5176\u4ed6\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u94fe\u8868\uff0c\u5220\u9664\u6240\u6709\u5305\u542b vet \u7684\u8fb9\n        for list in self.adj_list.values_mut() {\n            list.retain(|&v| v != vet);\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u6253\u5370\u90bb\u63a5\u8868 */\n    pub fn print(&self) {\n        println!(\"\u90bb\u63a5\u8868 =\");\n        for (vertex, list) in &self.adj_list {\n            let list = list.iter().map(|vertex| vertex.val).collect::<Vec<i32>>();\n            println!(\"{}: {:?},\", vertex.val, list);\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    graph_adjacency_list.c
    /* \u8282\u70b9\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53 */\ntypedef struct AdjListNode {\n    Vertex *vertex;           // \u9876\u70b9\n    struct AdjListNode *next; // \u540e\u7ee7\u8282\u70b9\n} AdjListNode;\n\n/* \u67e5\u627e\u9876\u70b9\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u8282\u70b9 */\nAdjListNode *findNode(GraphAdjList *graph, Vertex *vet) {\n    for (int i = 0; i < graph->size; i++) {\n        if (graph->heads[i]->vertex == vet) {\n            return graph->heads[i];\n        }\n    }\n    return NULL;\n}\n\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9\u8f85\u52a9\u51fd\u6570 */\nvoid addEdgeHelper(AdjListNode *head, Vertex *vet) {\n    AdjListNode *node = (AdjListNode *)malloc(sizeof(AdjListNode));\n    node->vertex = vet;\n    // \u5934\u63d2\u6cd5\n    node->next = head->next;\n    head->next = node;\n}\n\n/* \u5220\u9664\u8fb9\u8f85\u52a9\u51fd\u6570 */\nvoid removeEdgeHelper(AdjListNode *head, Vertex *vet) {\n    AdjListNode *pre = head;\n    AdjListNode *cur = head->next;\n    // \u5728\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u641c\u7d22 vet \u5bf9\u5e94\u8282\u70b9\n    while (cur != NULL && cur->vertex != vet) {\n        pre = cur;\n        cur = cur->next;\n    }\n    if (cur == NULL)\n        return;\n    // \u5c06 vet \u5bf9\u5e94\u8282\u70b9\u4ece\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\n    pre->next = cur->next;\n    // \u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\n    free(cur);\n}\n\n/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u7c7b */\ntypedef struct {\n    AdjListNode *heads[MAX_SIZE]; // \u8282\u70b9\u6570\u7ec4\n    int size;                     // \u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf\n} GraphAdjList;\n\n/* \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570 */\nGraphAdjList *newGraphAdjList() {\n    GraphAdjList *graph = (GraphAdjList *)malloc(sizeof(GraphAdjList));\n    if (!graph) {\n        return NULL;\n    }\n    graph->size = 0;\n    for (int i = 0; i < MAX_SIZE; i++) {\n        graph->heads[i] = NULL;\n    }\n    return graph;\n}\n\n/* \u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570 */\nvoid delGraphAdjList(GraphAdjList *graph) {\n    for (int i = 0; i < graph->size; i++) {\n        AdjListNode *cur = graph->heads[i];\n        while (cur != NULL) {\n            AdjListNode *next = cur->next;\n            if (cur != graph->heads[i]) {\n                free(cur);\n            }\n            cur = next;\n        }\n        free(graph->heads[i]->vertex);\n        free(graph->heads[i]);\n    }\n    free(graph);\n}\n\n/* \u67e5\u627e\u9876\u70b9\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u8282\u70b9 */\nAdjListNode *findNode(GraphAdjList *graph, Vertex *vet) {\n    for (int i = 0; i < graph->size; i++) {\n        if (graph->heads[i]->vertex == vet) {\n            return graph->heads[i];\n        }\n    }\n    return NULL;\n}\n\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9 */\nvoid addEdge(GraphAdjList *graph, Vertex *vet1, Vertex *vet2) {\n    AdjListNode *head1 = findNode(graph, vet1);\n    AdjListNode *head2 = findNode(graph, vet2);\n    assert(head1 != NULL && head2 != NULL && head1 != head2);\n    // \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9 vet1 - vet2\n    addEdgeHelper(head1, vet2);\n    addEdgeHelper(head2, vet1);\n}\n\n/* \u5220\u9664\u8fb9 */\nvoid removeEdge(GraphAdjList *graph, Vertex *vet1, Vertex *vet2) {\n    AdjListNode *head1 = findNode(graph, vet1);\n    AdjListNode *head2 = findNode(graph, vet2);\n    assert(head1 != NULL && head2 != NULL);\n    // \u5220\u9664\u8fb9 vet1 - vet2\n    removeEdgeHelper(head1, head2->vertex);\n    removeEdgeHelper(head2, head1->vertex);\n}\n\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9 */\nvoid addVertex(GraphAdjList *graph, Vertex *vet) {\n    assert(graph != NULL && graph->size < MAX_SIZE);\n    AdjListNode *head = (AdjListNode *)malloc(sizeof(AdjListNode));\n    head->vertex = vet;\n    head->next = NULL;\n    // \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u94fe\u8868\n    graph->heads[graph->size++] = head;\n}\n\n/* \u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9 */\nvoid removeVertex(GraphAdjList *graph, Vertex *vet) {\n    AdjListNode *node = findNode(graph, vet);\n    assert(node != NULL);\n    // \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9 vet \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u94fe\u8868\n    AdjListNode *cur = node, *pre = NULL;\n    while (cur) {\n        pre = cur;\n        cur = cur->next;\n        free(pre);\n    }\n    // \u904d\u5386\u5176\u4ed6\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u94fe\u8868\uff0c\u5220\u9664\u6240\u6709\u5305\u542b vet \u7684\u8fb9\n    for (int i = 0; i < graph->size; i++) {\n        cur = graph->heads[i];\n        pre = NULL;\n        while (cur) {\n            pre = cur;\n            cur = cur->next;\n            if (cur && cur->vertex == vet) {\n                pre->next = cur->next;\n                free(cur);\n                break;\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    // \u5c06\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u9876\u70b9\u5411\u524d\u79fb\u52a8\uff0c\u4ee5\u586b\u8865\u7a7a\u7f3a\n    int i;\n    for (i = 0; i < graph->size; i++) {\n        if (graph->heads[i] == node)\n            break;\n    }\n    for (int j = i; j < graph->size - 1; j++) {\n        graph->heads[j] = graph->heads[j + 1];\n    }\n    graph->size--;\n    free(vet);\n}\n
    graph_adjacency_list.zig
    [class]{GraphAdjList}-[func]{}\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_graph/graph_operations/#923","title":"9.2.3 \u00a0 \u6548\u7387\u5bf9\u6bd4","text":"

    \u8bbe\u56fe\u4e2d\u5171\u6709 \\(n\\) \u4e2a\u9876\u70b9\u548c \\(m\\) \u6761\u8fb9\uff0c\u8868 9-2 \u5bf9\u6bd4\u4e86\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u548c\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6548\u7387\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u6548\u7387\u3002

    \u8868 9-2 \u00a0 \u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e0e\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u5bf9\u6bd4

    \u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635 \u90bb\u63a5\u8868\uff08\u94fe\u8868\uff09 \u90bb\u63a5\u8868\uff08\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff09 \u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u90bb\u63a5 \\(O(1)\\) \\(O(m)\\) \\(O(1)\\) \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fb9 \\(O(1)\\) \\(O(1)\\) \\(O(1)\\) \u5220\u9664\u8fb9 \\(O(1)\\) \\(O(m)\\) \\(O(1)\\) \u6dfb\u52a0\u9876\u70b9 \\(O(n)\\) \\(O(1)\\) \\(O(1)\\) \u5220\u9664\u9876\u70b9 \\(O(n^2)\\) \\(O(n + m)\\) \\(O(n)\\) \u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u5360\u7528 \\(O(n^2)\\) \\(O(n + m)\\) \\(O(n + m)\\)

    \u89c2\u5bdf\u8868 9-2 \uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\uff08\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff09\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6548\u7387\u4e0e\u7a7a\u95f4\u6548\u7387\u6700\u4f18\u3002\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u64cd\u4f5c\u8fb9\u7684\u6548\u7387\u66f4\u9ad8\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u4e00\u6b21\u6570\u7ec4\u8bbf\u95ee\u6216\u8d4b\u503c\u64cd\u4f5c\u5373\u53ef\u3002\u7efc\u5408\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u201c\u4ee5\u7a7a\u95f4\u6362\u65f6\u95f4\u201d\u7684\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u800c\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u201c\u4ee5\u65f6\u95f4\u6362\u7a7a\u95f4\u201d\u7684\u539f\u5219\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_graph/graph_traversal/","title":"9.3 \u00a0 \u56fe\u7684\u904d\u5386","text":"

    \u6811\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u662f\u201c\u4e00\u5bf9\u591a\u201d\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u800c\u56fe\u5219\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u5ea6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8868\u793a\u4efb\u610f\u7684\u201c\u591a\u5bf9\u591a\u201d\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u6811\u770b\u4f5c\u56fe\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u4f8b\u3002\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u6811\u7684\u904d\u5386\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e5f\u662f\u56fe\u7684\u904d\u5386\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u4f8b\u3002

    \u56fe\u548c\u6811\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u5e94\u7528\u641c\u7d22\u7b97\u6cd5\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u904d\u5386\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u56fe\u7684\u904d\u5386\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e5f\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u79cd\uff1a\u300c\u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386\u300d\u548c\u300c\u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386\u300d\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_graph/graph_traversal/#931","title":"9.3.1 \u00a0 \u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386","text":"

    \u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7531\u8fd1\u53ca\u8fdc\u7684\u904d\u5386\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ece\u67d0\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u59cb\u7ec8\u4f18\u5148\u8bbf\u95ee\u8ddd\u79bb\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u9876\u70b9\uff0c\u5e76\u4e00\u5c42\u5c42\u5411\u5916\u6269\u5f20\u3002\u5982\u56fe 9-9 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u4ece\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u9876\u70b9\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u904d\u5386\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u904d\u5386\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u7c7b\u63a8\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u6240\u6709\u9876\u70b9\u8bbf\u95ee\u5b8c\u6bd5\u3002

    \u56fe 9-9 \u00a0 \u56fe\u7684\u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386

    "},{"location":"chapter_graph/graph_traversal/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u7b97\u6cd5\u5b9e\u73b0","text":"

    BFS \u901a\u5e38\u501f\u52a9\u961f\u5217\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\u3002\u961f\u5217\u5177\u6709\u201c\u5148\u5165\u5148\u51fa\u201d\u7684\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0e BFS \u7684\u201c\u7531\u8fd1\u53ca\u8fdc\u201d\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u5f02\u66f2\u540c\u5de5\u3002

    1. \u5c06\u904d\u5386\u8d77\u59cb\u9876\u70b9 startVet \u52a0\u5165\u961f\u5217\uff0c\u5e76\u5f00\u542f\u5faa\u73af\u3002
    2. \u5728\u5faa\u73af\u7684\u6bcf\u8f6e\u8fed\u4ee3\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f39\u51fa\u961f\u9996\u9876\u70b9\u5e76\u8bb0\u5f55\u8bbf\u95ee\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c06\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\u52a0\u5165\u5230\u961f\u5217\u5c3e\u90e8\u3002
    3. \u5faa\u73af\u6b65\u9aa4 2. \uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u6240\u6709\u9876\u70b9\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u5b8c\u6bd5\u540e\u7ed3\u675f\u3002

    \u4e3a\u4e86\u9632\u6b62\u91cd\u590d\u904d\u5386\u9876\u70b9\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u501f\u52a9\u4e00\u4e2a\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 visited \u6765\u8bb0\u5f55\u54ea\u4e9b\u8282\u70b9\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig graph_bfs.py
    def graph_bfs(graph: GraphAdjList, start_vet: Vertex) -> list[Vertex]:\n    \"\"\"\u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386\"\"\"\n    # \u4f7f\u7528\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u6765\u8868\u793a\u56fe\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u83b7\u53d6\u6307\u5b9a\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\n    # \u9876\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\n    res = []\n    # \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u9876\u70b9\n    visited = set[Vertex]([start_vet])\n    # \u961f\u5217\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0 BFS\n    que = deque[Vertex]([start_vet])\n    # \u4ee5\u9876\u70b9 vet \u4e3a\u8d77\u70b9\uff0c\u5faa\u73af\u76f4\u81f3\u8bbf\u95ee\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u9876\u70b9\n    while len(que) > 0:\n        vet = que.popleft()  # \u961f\u9996\u9876\u70b9\u51fa\u961f\n        res.append(vet)  # \u8bb0\u5f55\u8bbf\u95ee\u9876\u70b9\n        # \u904d\u5386\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\n        for adj_vet in graph.adj_list[vet]:\n            if adj_vet in visited:\n                continue  # \u8df3\u8fc7\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u9876\u70b9\n            que.append(adj_vet)  # \u53ea\u5165\u961f\u672a\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u9876\u70b9\n            visited.add(adj_vet)  # \u6807\u8bb0\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\n    # \u8fd4\u56de\u9876\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\n    return res\n
    graph_bfs.cpp
    /* \u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 */\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u6765\u8868\u793a\u56fe\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u83b7\u53d6\u6307\u5b9a\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\nvector<Vertex *> graphBFS(GraphAdjList &graph, Vertex *startVet) {\n    // \u9876\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\n    vector<Vertex *> res;\n    // \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u9876\u70b9\n    unordered_set<Vertex *> visited = {startVet};\n    // \u961f\u5217\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0 BFS\n    queue<Vertex *> que;\n    que.push(startVet);\n    // \u4ee5\u9876\u70b9 vet \u4e3a\u8d77\u70b9\uff0c\u5faa\u73af\u76f4\u81f3\u8bbf\u95ee\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u9876\u70b9\n    while (!que.empty()) {\n        Vertex *vet = que.front();\n        que.pop();          // \u961f\u9996\u9876\u70b9\u51fa\u961f\n        res.push_back(vet); // \u8bb0\u5f55\u8bbf\u95ee\u9876\u70b9\n        // \u904d\u5386\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\n        for (auto adjVet : graph.adjList[vet]) {\n            if (visited.count(adjVet))\n                continue;            // \u8df3\u8fc7\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u9876\u70b9\n            que.push(adjVet);        // \u53ea\u5165\u961f\u672a\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u9876\u70b9\n            visited.emplace(adjVet); // \u6807\u8bb0\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\n        }\n    }\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u9876\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\n    return res;\n}\n
    graph_bfs.java
    /* \u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 */\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u6765\u8868\u793a\u56fe\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u83b7\u53d6\u6307\u5b9a\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\nList<Vertex> graphBFS(GraphAdjList graph, Vertex startVet) {\n    // \u9876\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\n    List<Vertex> res = new ArrayList<>();\n    // \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u9876\u70b9\n    Set<Vertex> visited = new HashSet<>();\n    visited.add(startVet);\n    // \u961f\u5217\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0 BFS\n    Queue<Vertex> que = new LinkedList<>();\n    que.offer(startVet);\n    // \u4ee5\u9876\u70b9 vet \u4e3a\u8d77\u70b9\uff0c\u5faa\u73af\u76f4\u81f3\u8bbf\u95ee\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u9876\u70b9\n    while (!que.isEmpty()) {\n        Vertex vet = que.poll(); // \u961f\u9996\u9876\u70b9\u51fa\u961f\n        res.add(vet);            // \u8bb0\u5f55\u8bbf\u95ee\u9876\u70b9\n        // \u904d\u5386\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\n        for (Vertex adjVet : graph.adjList.get(vet)) {\n            if (visited.contains(adjVet))\n                continue;        // \u8df3\u8fc7\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u9876\u70b9\n            que.offer(adjVet);   // \u53ea\u5165\u961f\u672a\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u9876\u70b9\n            visited.add(adjVet); // \u6807\u8bb0\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\n        }\n    }\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u9876\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\n    return res;\n}\n
    graph_bfs.cs
    /* \u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 */\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u6765\u8868\u793a\u56fe\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u83b7\u53d6\u6307\u5b9a\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\nList<Vertex> GraphBFS(GraphAdjList graph, Vertex startVet) {\n    // \u9876\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\n    List<Vertex> res = [];\n    // \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u9876\u70b9\n    HashSet<Vertex> visited = [startVet];\n    // \u961f\u5217\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0 BFS\n    Queue<Vertex> que = new();\n    que.Enqueue(startVet);\n    // \u4ee5\u9876\u70b9 vet \u4e3a\u8d77\u70b9\uff0c\u5faa\u73af\u76f4\u81f3\u8bbf\u95ee\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u9876\u70b9\n    while (que.Count > 0) {\n        Vertex vet = que.Dequeue(); // \u961f\u9996\u9876\u70b9\u51fa\u961f\n        res.Add(vet);               // \u8bb0\u5f55\u8bbf\u95ee\u9876\u70b9\n        foreach (Vertex adjVet in graph.adjList[vet]) {\n            if (visited.Contains(adjVet)) {\n                continue;          // \u8df3\u8fc7\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u9876\u70b9\n            }\n            que.Enqueue(adjVet);   // \u53ea\u5165\u961f\u672a\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u9876\u70b9\n            visited.Add(adjVet);   // \u6807\u8bb0\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\n        }\n    }\n\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u9876\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\n    return res;\n}\n
    graph_bfs.go
    /* \u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 */\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u6765\u8868\u793a\u56fe\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u83b7\u53d6\u6307\u5b9a\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\nfunc graphBFS(g *graphAdjList, startVet Vertex) []Vertex {\n    // \u9876\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\n    res := make([]Vertex, 0)\n    // \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u9876\u70b9\n    visited := make(map[Vertex]struct{})\n    visited[startVet] = struct{}{}\n    // \u961f\u5217\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0 BFS, \u4f7f\u7528\u5207\u7247\u6a21\u62df\u961f\u5217\n    queue := make([]Vertex, 0)\n    queue = append(queue, startVet)\n    // \u4ee5\u9876\u70b9 vet \u4e3a\u8d77\u70b9\uff0c\u5faa\u73af\u76f4\u81f3\u8bbf\u95ee\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u9876\u70b9\n    for len(queue) > 0 {\n        // \u961f\u9996\u9876\u70b9\u51fa\u961f\n        vet := queue[0]\n        queue = queue[1:]\n        // \u8bb0\u5f55\u8bbf\u95ee\u9876\u70b9\n        res = append(res, vet)\n        // \u904d\u5386\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\n        for _, adjVet := range g.adjList[vet] {\n            _, isExist := visited[adjVet]\n            // \u53ea\u5165\u961f\u672a\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u9876\u70b9\n            if !isExist {\n                queue = append(queue, adjVet)\n                visited[adjVet] = struct{}{}\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u9876\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\n    return res\n}\n
    graph_bfs.swift
    /* \u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 */\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u6765\u8868\u793a\u56fe\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u83b7\u53d6\u6307\u5b9a\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\nfunc graphBFS(graph: GraphAdjList, startVet: Vertex) -> [Vertex] {\n    // \u9876\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\n    var res: [Vertex] = []\n    // \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u9876\u70b9\n    var visited: Set<Vertex> = [startVet]\n    // \u961f\u5217\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0 BFS\n    var que: [Vertex] = [startVet]\n    // \u4ee5\u9876\u70b9 vet \u4e3a\u8d77\u70b9\uff0c\u5faa\u73af\u76f4\u81f3\u8bbf\u95ee\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u9876\u70b9\n    while !que.isEmpty {\n        let vet = que.removeFirst() // \u961f\u9996\u9876\u70b9\u51fa\u961f\n        res.append(vet) // \u8bb0\u5f55\u8bbf\u95ee\u9876\u70b9\n        // \u904d\u5386\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\n        for adjVet in graph.adjList[vet] ?? [] {\n            if visited.contains(adjVet) {\n                continue // \u8df3\u8fc7\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u9876\u70b9\n            }\n            que.append(adjVet) // \u53ea\u5165\u961f\u672a\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u9876\u70b9\n            visited.insert(adjVet) // \u6807\u8bb0\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\n        }\n    }\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u9876\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\n    return res\n}\n
    graph_bfs.js
    /* \u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 */\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u6765\u8868\u793a\u56fe\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u83b7\u53d6\u6307\u5b9a\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\nfunction graphBFS(graph, startVet) {\n    // \u9876\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\n    const res = [];\n    // \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u9876\u70b9\n    const visited = new Set();\n    visited.add(startVet);\n    // \u961f\u5217\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0 BFS\n    const que = [startVet];\n    // \u4ee5\u9876\u70b9 vet \u4e3a\u8d77\u70b9\uff0c\u5faa\u73af\u76f4\u81f3\u8bbf\u95ee\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u9876\u70b9\n    while (que.length) {\n        const vet = que.shift(); // \u961f\u9996\u9876\u70b9\u51fa\u961f\n        res.push(vet); // \u8bb0\u5f55\u8bbf\u95ee\u9876\u70b9\n        // \u904d\u5386\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\n        for (const adjVet of graph.adjList.get(vet) ?? []) {\n            if (visited.has(adjVet)) {\n                continue; // \u8df3\u8fc7\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u9876\u70b9\n            }\n            que.push(adjVet); // \u53ea\u5165\u961f\u672a\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u9876\u70b9\n            visited.add(adjVet); // \u6807\u8bb0\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\n        }\n    }\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u9876\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\n    return res;\n}\n
    graph_bfs.ts
    /* \u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 */\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u6765\u8868\u793a\u56fe\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u83b7\u53d6\u6307\u5b9a\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\nfunction graphBFS(graph: GraphAdjList, startVet: Vertex): Vertex[] {\n    // \u9876\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\n    const res: Vertex[] = [];\n    // \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u9876\u70b9\n    const visited: Set<Vertex> = new Set();\n    visited.add(startVet);\n    // \u961f\u5217\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0 BFS\n    const que = [startVet];\n    // \u4ee5\u9876\u70b9 vet \u4e3a\u8d77\u70b9\uff0c\u5faa\u73af\u76f4\u81f3\u8bbf\u95ee\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u9876\u70b9\n    while (que.length) {\n        const vet = que.shift(); // \u961f\u9996\u9876\u70b9\u51fa\u961f\n        res.push(vet); // \u8bb0\u5f55\u8bbf\u95ee\u9876\u70b9\n        // \u904d\u5386\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\n        for (const adjVet of graph.adjList.get(vet) ?? []) {\n            if (visited.has(adjVet)) {\n                continue; // \u8df3\u8fc7\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u9876\u70b9\n            }\n            que.push(adjVet); // \u53ea\u5165\u961f\u672a\u8bbf\u95ee\n            visited.add(adjVet); // \u6807\u8bb0\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\n        }\n    }\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u9876\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\n    return res;\n}\n
    graph_bfs.dart
    /* \u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 */\nList<Vertex> graphBFS(GraphAdjList graph, Vertex startVet) {\n  // \u4f7f\u7528\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u6765\u8868\u793a\u56fe\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u83b7\u53d6\u6307\u5b9a\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\n  // \u9876\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\n  List<Vertex> res = [];\n  // \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u9876\u70b9\n  Set<Vertex> visited = {};\n  visited.add(startVet);\n  // \u961f\u5217\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0 BFS\n  Queue<Vertex> que = Queue();\n  que.add(startVet);\n  // \u4ee5\u9876\u70b9 vet \u4e3a\u8d77\u70b9\uff0c\u5faa\u73af\u76f4\u81f3\u8bbf\u95ee\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u9876\u70b9\n  while (que.isNotEmpty) {\n    Vertex vet = que.removeFirst(); // \u961f\u9996\u9876\u70b9\u51fa\u961f\n    res.add(vet); // \u8bb0\u5f55\u8bbf\u95ee\u9876\u70b9\n    // \u904d\u5386\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\n    for (Vertex adjVet in graph.adjList[vet]!) {\n      if (visited.contains(adjVet)) {\n        continue; // \u8df3\u8fc7\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u9876\u70b9\n      }\n      que.add(adjVet); // \u53ea\u5165\u961f\u672a\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u9876\u70b9\n      visited.add(adjVet); // \u6807\u8bb0\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\n    }\n  }\n  // \u8fd4\u56de\u9876\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\n  return res;\n}\n
    graph_bfs.rs
    /* \u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 */\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u6765\u8868\u793a\u56fe\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u83b7\u53d6\u6307\u5b9a\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\nfn graph_bfs(graph: GraphAdjList, start_vet: Vertex) -> Vec<Vertex> {\n    // \u9876\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\n    let mut res = vec![];\n    // \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u9876\u70b9\n    let mut visited = HashSet::new();\n    visited.insert(start_vet);\n    // \u961f\u5217\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0 BFS\n    let mut que = VecDeque::new();\n    que.push_back(start_vet);\n    // \u4ee5\u9876\u70b9 vet \u4e3a\u8d77\u70b9\uff0c\u5faa\u73af\u76f4\u81f3\u8bbf\u95ee\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u9876\u70b9\n    while !que.is_empty() {\n        let vet = que.pop_front().unwrap(); // \u961f\u9996\u9876\u70b9\u51fa\u961f\n        res.push(vet); // \u8bb0\u5f55\u8bbf\u95ee\u9876\u70b9\n                    // \u904d\u5386\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\n        if let Some(adj_vets) = graph.adj_list.get(&vet) {\n            for &adj_vet in adj_vets {\n                if visited.contains(&adj_vet) {\n                    continue; // \u8df3\u8fc7\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u9876\u70b9\n                }\n                que.push_back(adj_vet); // \u53ea\u5165\u961f\u672a\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u9876\u70b9\n                visited.insert(adj_vet); // \u6807\u8bb0\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u9876\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\n    res\n}\n
    graph_bfs.c
    /* \u8282\u70b9\u961f\u5217\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53 */\ntypedef struct {\n    Vertex *vertices[MAX_SIZE];\n    int front, rear, size;\n} Queue;\n\n/* \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570 */\nQueue *newQueue() {\n    Queue *q = (Queue *)malloc(sizeof(Queue));\n    q->front = q->rear = q->size = 0;\n    return q;\n}\n\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nint isEmpty(Queue *q) {\n    return q->size == 0;\n}\n\n/* \u5165\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c */\nvoid enqueue(Queue *q, Vertex *vet) {\n    q->vertices[q->rear] = vet;\n    q->rear = (q->rear + 1) % MAX_SIZE;\n    q->size++;\n}\n\n/* \u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c */\nVertex *dequeue(Queue *q) {\n    Vertex *vet = q->vertices[q->front];\n    q->front = (q->front + 1) % MAX_SIZE;\n    q->size--;\n    return vet;\n}\n\n/* \u68c0\u67e5\u9876\u70b9\u662f\u5426\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee */\nint isVisited(Vertex **visited, int size, Vertex *vet) {\n    // \u904d\u5386\u67e5\u627e\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 O(n) \u65f6\u95f4\n    for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {\n        if (visited[i] == vet)\n            return 1;\n    }\n    return 0;\n}\n\n/* \u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 */\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u6765\u8868\u793a\u56fe\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u83b7\u53d6\u6307\u5b9a\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\nvoid graphBFS(GraphAdjList *graph, Vertex *startVet, Vertex **res, int *resSize, Vertex **visited, int *visitedSize) {\n    // \u961f\u5217\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0 BFS\n    Queue *queue = newQueue();\n    enqueue(queue, startVet);\n    visited[(*visitedSize)++] = startVet;\n    // \u4ee5\u9876\u70b9 vet \u4e3a\u8d77\u70b9\uff0c\u5faa\u73af\u76f4\u81f3\u8bbf\u95ee\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u9876\u70b9\n    while (!isEmpty(queue)) {\n        Vertex *vet = dequeue(queue); // \u961f\u9996\u9876\u70b9\u51fa\u961f\n        res[(*resSize)++] = vet;      // \u8bb0\u5f55\u8bbf\u95ee\u9876\u70b9\n        // \u904d\u5386\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\n        AdjListNode *node = findNode(graph, vet);\n        while (node != NULL) {\n            // \u8df3\u8fc7\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u9876\u70b9\n            if (!isVisited(visited, *visitedSize, node->vertex)) {\n                enqueue(queue, node->vertex);             // \u53ea\u5165\u961f\u672a\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u9876\u70b9\n                visited[(*visitedSize)++] = node->vertex; // \u6807\u8bb0\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\n            }\n            node = node->next;\n        }\n    }\n    // \u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\n    free(queue);\n}\n
    graph_bfs.zig
    [class]{}-[func]{graphBFS}\n

    \u4ee3\u7801\u76f8\u5bf9\u62bd\u8c61\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u5bf9\u7167\u56fe 9-10 \u6765\u52a0\u6df1\u7406\u89e3\u3002

    <1><2><3><4><5><6><7><8><9><10><11>

    \u56fe 9-10 \u00a0 \u56fe\u7684\u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386\u6b65\u9aa4

    \u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u552f\u4e00\uff1f

    \u4e0d\u552f\u4e00\u3002\u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386\u53ea\u8981\u6c42\u6309\u201c\u7531\u8fd1\u53ca\u8fdc\u201d\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u800c\u591a\u4e2a\u76f8\u540c\u8ddd\u79bb\u7684\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u904d\u5386\u987a\u5e8f\u5141\u8bb8\u88ab\u4efb\u610f\u6253\u4e71\u3002\u4ee5\u56fe 9-10 \u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u9876\u70b9 \\(1\\)\u3001\\(3\\) \u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u987a\u5e8f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ea4\u6362\uff0c\u9876\u70b9 \\(2\\)\u3001\\(4\\)\u3001\\(6\\) \u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u987a\u5e8f\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4efb\u610f\u4ea4\u6362\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_graph/graph_traversal/#2","title":"2. \u00a0 \u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5206\u6790","text":"

    \u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u6240\u6709\u9876\u70b9\u90fd\u4f1a\u5165\u961f\u5e76\u51fa\u961f\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(|V|)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\uff1b\u5728\u904d\u5386\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u662f\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6240\u6709\u8fb9\u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee \\(2\\) \u6b21\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(2|E|)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\uff1b\u603b\u4f53\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(|V| + |E|)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u3002

    \u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u5217\u8868 res \uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 visited \uff0c\u961f\u5217 que \u4e2d\u7684\u9876\u70b9\u6570\u91cf\u6700\u591a\u4e3a \\(|V|\\) \uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(|V|)\\) \u7a7a\u95f4\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_graph/graph_traversal/#932","title":"9.3.2 \u00a0 \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386","text":"

    \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4f18\u5148\u8d70\u5230\u5e95\u3001\u65e0\u8def\u53ef\u8d70\u518d\u56de\u5934\u7684\u904d\u5386\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u5982\u56fe 9-11 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u4ece\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\u9876\u70b9\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u8bbf\u95ee\u5f53\u524d\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u67d0\u4e2a\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u8d70\u5230\u5c3d\u5934\u65f6\u8fd4\u56de\uff0c\u518d\u7ee7\u7eed\u8d70\u5230\u5c3d\u5934\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u7c7b\u63a8\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u6240\u6709\u9876\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5b8c\u6210\u3002

    \u56fe 9-11 \u00a0 \u56fe\u7684\u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386

    "},{"location":"chapter_graph/graph_traversal/#1_1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u7b97\u6cd5\u5b9e\u73b0","text":"

    \u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u8d70\u5230\u5c3d\u5934\u518d\u8fd4\u56de\u201d\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u8303\u5f0f\u901a\u5e38\u57fa\u4e8e\u9012\u5f52\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u4e0e\u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u5728\u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u501f\u52a9\u4e00\u4e2a\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 visited \u6765\u8bb0\u5f55\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u9876\u70b9\uff0c\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u91cd\u590d\u8bbf\u95ee\u9876\u70b9\u3002

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig graph_dfs.py
    def dfs(graph: GraphAdjList, visited: set[Vertex], res: list[Vertex], vet: Vertex):\n    \"\"\"\u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386\u8f85\u52a9\u51fd\u6570\"\"\"\n    res.append(vet)  # \u8bb0\u5f55\u8bbf\u95ee\u9876\u70b9\n    visited.add(vet)  # \u6807\u8bb0\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\n    # \u904d\u5386\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\n    for adjVet in graph.adj_list[vet]:\n        if adjVet in visited:\n            continue  # \u8df3\u8fc7\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u9876\u70b9\n        # \u9012\u5f52\u8bbf\u95ee\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\n        dfs(graph, visited, res, adjVet)\n\ndef graph_dfs(graph: GraphAdjList, start_vet: Vertex) -> list[Vertex]:\n    \"\"\"\u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386\"\"\"\n    # \u4f7f\u7528\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u6765\u8868\u793a\u56fe\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u83b7\u53d6\u6307\u5b9a\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\n    # \u9876\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\n    res = []\n    # \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u9876\u70b9\n    visited = set[Vertex]()\n    dfs(graph, visited, res, start_vet)\n    return res\n
    graph_dfs.cpp
    /* \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386\u8f85\u52a9\u51fd\u6570 */\nvoid dfs(GraphAdjList &graph, unordered_set<Vertex *> &visited, vector<Vertex *> &res, Vertex *vet) {\n    res.push_back(vet);   // \u8bb0\u5f55\u8bbf\u95ee\u9876\u70b9\n    visited.emplace(vet); // \u6807\u8bb0\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\n    // \u904d\u5386\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\n    for (Vertex *adjVet : graph.adjList[vet]) {\n        if (visited.count(adjVet))\n            continue; // \u8df3\u8fc7\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u9876\u70b9\n        // \u9012\u5f52\u8bbf\u95ee\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\n        dfs(graph, visited, res, adjVet);\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 */\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u6765\u8868\u793a\u56fe\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u83b7\u53d6\u6307\u5b9a\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\nvector<Vertex *> graphDFS(GraphAdjList &graph, Vertex *startVet) {\n    // \u9876\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\n    vector<Vertex *> res;\n    // \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u9876\u70b9\n    unordered_set<Vertex *> visited;\n    dfs(graph, visited, res, startVet);\n    return res;\n}\n
    graph_dfs.java
    /* \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386\u8f85\u52a9\u51fd\u6570 */\nvoid dfs(GraphAdjList graph, Set<Vertex> visited, List<Vertex> res, Vertex vet) {\n    res.add(vet);     // \u8bb0\u5f55\u8bbf\u95ee\u9876\u70b9\n    visited.add(vet); // \u6807\u8bb0\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\n    // \u904d\u5386\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\n    for (Vertex adjVet : graph.adjList.get(vet)) {\n        if (visited.contains(adjVet))\n            continue; // \u8df3\u8fc7\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u9876\u70b9\n        // \u9012\u5f52\u8bbf\u95ee\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\n        dfs(graph, visited, res, adjVet);\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 */\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u6765\u8868\u793a\u56fe\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u83b7\u53d6\u6307\u5b9a\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\nList<Vertex> graphDFS(GraphAdjList graph, Vertex startVet) {\n    // \u9876\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\n    List<Vertex> res = new ArrayList<>();\n    // \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u9876\u70b9\n    Set<Vertex> visited = new HashSet<>();\n    dfs(graph, visited, res, startVet);\n    return res;\n}\n
    graph_dfs.cs
    /* \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386\u8f85\u52a9\u51fd\u6570 */\nvoid DFS(GraphAdjList graph, HashSet<Vertex> visited, List<Vertex> res, Vertex vet) {\n    res.Add(vet);     // \u8bb0\u5f55\u8bbf\u95ee\u9876\u70b9\n    visited.Add(vet); // \u6807\u8bb0\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\n    // \u904d\u5386\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\n    foreach (Vertex adjVet in graph.adjList[vet]) {\n        if (visited.Contains(adjVet)) {\n            continue; // \u8df3\u8fc7\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u9876\u70b9                             \n        }\n        // \u9012\u5f52\u8bbf\u95ee\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\n        DFS(graph, visited, res, adjVet);\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 */\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u6765\u8868\u793a\u56fe\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u83b7\u53d6\u6307\u5b9a\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\nList<Vertex> GraphDFS(GraphAdjList graph, Vertex startVet) {\n    // \u9876\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\n    List<Vertex> res = [];\n    // \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u9876\u70b9\n    HashSet<Vertex> visited = [];\n    DFS(graph, visited, res, startVet);\n    return res;\n}\n
    graph_dfs.go
    /* \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386\u8f85\u52a9\u51fd\u6570 */\nfunc dfs(g *graphAdjList, visited map[Vertex]struct{}, res *[]Vertex, vet Vertex) {\n    // append \u64cd\u4f5c\u4f1a\u8fd4\u56de\u65b0\u7684\u7684\u5f15\u7528\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u8ba9\u539f\u5f15\u7528\u91cd\u65b0\u8d4b\u503c\u4e3a\u65b0slice\u7684\u5f15\u7528\n    *res = append(*res, vet)\n    visited[vet] = struct{}{}\n    // \u904d\u5386\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\n    for _, adjVet := range g.adjList[vet] {\n        _, isExist := visited[adjVet]\n        // \u9012\u5f52\u8bbf\u95ee\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\n        if !isExist {\n            dfs(g, visited, res, adjVet)\n        }\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 */\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u6765\u8868\u793a\u56fe\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u83b7\u53d6\u6307\u5b9a\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\nfunc graphDFS(g *graphAdjList, startVet Vertex) []Vertex {\n    // \u9876\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\n    res := make([]Vertex, 0)\n    // \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u9876\u70b9\n    visited := make(map[Vertex]struct{})\n    dfs(g, visited, &res, startVet)\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u9876\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\n    return res\n}\n
    graph_dfs.swift
    /* \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386\u8f85\u52a9\u51fd\u6570 */\nfunc dfs(graph: GraphAdjList, visited: inout Set<Vertex>, res: inout [Vertex], vet: Vertex) {\n    res.append(vet) // \u8bb0\u5f55\u8bbf\u95ee\u9876\u70b9\n    visited.insert(vet) // \u6807\u8bb0\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\n    // \u904d\u5386\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\n    for adjVet in graph.adjList[vet] ?? [] {\n        if visited.contains(adjVet) {\n            continue // \u8df3\u8fc7\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u9876\u70b9\n        }\n        // \u9012\u5f52\u8bbf\u95ee\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\n        dfs(graph: graph, visited: &visited, res: &res, vet: adjVet)\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 */\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u6765\u8868\u793a\u56fe\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u83b7\u53d6\u6307\u5b9a\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\nfunc graphDFS(graph: GraphAdjList, startVet: Vertex) -> [Vertex] {\n    // \u9876\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\n    var res: [Vertex] = []\n    // \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u9876\u70b9\n    var visited: Set<Vertex> = []\n    dfs(graph: graph, visited: &visited, res: &res, vet: startVet)\n    return res\n}\n
    graph_dfs.js
    /* \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 */\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u6765\u8868\u793a\u56fe\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u83b7\u53d6\u6307\u5b9a\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\nfunction dfs(graph, visited, res, vet) {\n    res.push(vet); // \u8bb0\u5f55\u8bbf\u95ee\u9876\u70b9\n    visited.add(vet); // \u6807\u8bb0\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\n    // \u904d\u5386\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\n    for (const adjVet of graph.adjList.get(vet)) {\n        if (visited.has(adjVet)) {\n            continue; // \u8df3\u8fc7\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u9876\u70b9\n        }\n        // \u9012\u5f52\u8bbf\u95ee\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\n        dfs(graph, visited, res, adjVet);\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 */\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u6765\u8868\u793a\u56fe\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u83b7\u53d6\u6307\u5b9a\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\nfunction graphDFS(graph, startVet) {\n    // \u9876\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\n    const res = [];\n    // \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u9876\u70b9\n    const visited = new Set();\n    dfs(graph, visited, res, startVet);\n    return res;\n}\n
    graph_dfs.ts
    /* \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386\u8f85\u52a9\u51fd\u6570 */\nfunction dfs(\n    graph: GraphAdjList,\n    visited: Set<Vertex>,\n    res: Vertex[],\n    vet: Vertex\n): void {\n    res.push(vet); // \u8bb0\u5f55\u8bbf\u95ee\u9876\u70b9\n    visited.add(vet); // \u6807\u8bb0\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\n    // \u904d\u5386\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\n    for (const adjVet of graph.adjList.get(vet)) {\n        if (visited.has(adjVet)) {\n            continue; // \u8df3\u8fc7\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u9876\u70b9\n        }\n        // \u9012\u5f52\u8bbf\u95ee\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\n        dfs(graph, visited, res, adjVet);\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 */\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u6765\u8868\u793a\u56fe\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u83b7\u53d6\u6307\u5b9a\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\nfunction graphDFS(graph: GraphAdjList, startVet: Vertex): Vertex[] {\n    // \u9876\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\n    const res: Vertex[] = [];\n    // \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u9876\u70b9\n    const visited: Set<Vertex> = new Set();\n    dfs(graph, visited, res, startVet);\n    return res;\n}\n
    graph_dfs.dart
    /* \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386\u8f85\u52a9\u51fd\u6570 */\nvoid dfs(\n  GraphAdjList graph,\n  Set<Vertex> visited,\n  List<Vertex> res,\n  Vertex vet,\n) {\n  res.add(vet); // \u8bb0\u5f55\u8bbf\u95ee\u9876\u70b9\n  visited.add(vet); // \u6807\u8bb0\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\n  // \u904d\u5386\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\n  for (Vertex adjVet in graph.adjList[vet]!) {\n    if (visited.contains(adjVet)) {\n      continue; // \u8df3\u8fc7\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u9876\u70b9\n    }\n    // \u9012\u5f52\u8bbf\u95ee\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\n    dfs(graph, visited, res, adjVet);\n  }\n}\n\n/* \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 */\nList<Vertex> graphDFS(GraphAdjList graph, Vertex startVet) {\n  // \u9876\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\n  List<Vertex> res = [];\n  // \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u9876\u70b9\n  Set<Vertex> visited = {};\n  dfs(graph, visited, res, startVet);\n  return res;\n}\n
    graph_dfs.rs
    /* \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386\u8f85\u52a9\u51fd\u6570 */\nfn dfs(graph: &GraphAdjList, visited: &mut HashSet<Vertex>, res: &mut Vec<Vertex>, vet: Vertex) {\n    res.push(vet); // \u8bb0\u5f55\u8bbf\u95ee\u9876\u70b9\n    visited.insert(vet); // \u6807\u8bb0\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\n                         // \u904d\u5386\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\n    if let Some(adj_vets) = graph.adj_list.get(&vet) {\n        for &adj_vet in adj_vets {\n            if visited.contains(&adj_vet) {\n                continue; // \u8df3\u8fc7\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u9876\u70b9\n            }\n            // \u9012\u5f52\u8bbf\u95ee\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\n            dfs(graph, visited, res, adj_vet);\n        }\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 */\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u6765\u8868\u793a\u56fe\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u83b7\u53d6\u6307\u5b9a\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\nfn graph_dfs(graph: GraphAdjList, start_vet: Vertex) -> Vec<Vertex> {\n    // \u9876\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\n    let mut res = vec![];\n    // \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u9876\u70b9\n    let mut visited = HashSet::new();\n    dfs(&graph, &mut visited, &mut res, start_vet);\n\n    res\n}\n
    graph_dfs.c
    /* \u68c0\u67e5\u9876\u70b9\u662f\u5426\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee */\nint isVisited(Vertex **res, int size, Vertex *vet) {\n    // \u904d\u5386\u67e5\u627e\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 O(n) \u65f6\u95f4\n    for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {\n        if (res[i] == vet) {\n            return 1;\n        }\n    }\n    return 0;\n}\n\n/* \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386\u8f85\u52a9\u51fd\u6570 */\nvoid dfs(GraphAdjList *graph, Vertex **res, int *resSize, Vertex *vet) {\n    // \u8bb0\u5f55\u8bbf\u95ee\u9876\u70b9\n    res[(*resSize)++] = vet;\n    // \u904d\u5386\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\n    AdjListNode *node = findNode(graph, vet);\n    while (node != NULL) {\n        // \u8df3\u8fc7\u5df2\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u9876\u70b9\n        if (!isVisited(res, *resSize, node->vertex)) {\n            // \u9012\u5f52\u8bbf\u95ee\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\n            dfs(graph, res, resSize, node->vertex);\n        }\n        node = node->next;\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 */\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u6765\u8868\u793a\u56fe\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u83b7\u53d6\u6307\u5b9a\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\nvoid graphDFS(GraphAdjList *graph, Vertex *startVet, Vertex **res, int *resSize) {\n    dfs(graph, res, resSize, startVet);\n}\n
    graph_dfs.zig
    [class]{}-[func]{dfs}\n\n[class]{}-[func]{graphDFS}\n

    \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u6d41\u7a0b\u5982\u56fe 9-12 \u6240\u793a\u3002

    • \u76f4\u865a\u7ebf\u4ee3\u8868\u5411\u4e0b\u9012\u63a8\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u5f00\u542f\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u9012\u5f52\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b0\u9876\u70b9\u3002
    • \u66f2\u865a\u7ebf\u4ee3\u8868\u5411\u4e0a\u56de\u6eaf\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u6b64\u9012\u5f52\u65b9\u6cd5\u5df2\u7ecf\u8fd4\u56de\uff0c\u56de\u6eaf\u5230\u4e86\u5f00\u542f\u6b64\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002

    \u4e3a\u4e86\u52a0\u6df1\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u5c06\u56fe 9-12 \u4e0e\u4ee3\u7801\u7ed3\u5408\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u5728\u8111\u4e2d\u6a21\u62df\uff08\u6216\u8005\u7528\u7b14\u753b\u4e0b\u6765\uff09\u6574\u4e2a DFS \u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6bcf\u4e2a\u9012\u5f52\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f55\u65f6\u5f00\u542f\u3001\u4f55\u65f6\u8fd4\u56de\u3002

    <1><2><3><4><5><6><7><8><9><10><11>

    \u56fe 9-12 \u00a0 \u56fe\u7684\u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386\u6b65\u9aa4

    \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u552f\u4e00\uff1f

    \u4e0e\u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u3002\u7ed9\u5b9a\u67d0\u9876\u70b9\uff0c\u5148\u5f80\u54ea\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411\u63a2\u7d22\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\uff0c\u5373\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4efb\u610f\u6253\u4e71\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386\u3002

    \u4ee5\u6811\u7684\u904d\u5386\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u201c\u6839 \\(\\rightarrow\\) \u5de6 \\(\\rightarrow\\) \u53f3\u201d\u201c\u5de6 \\(\\rightarrow\\) \u6839 \\(\\rightarrow\\) \u53f3\u201d\u201c\u5de6 \\(\\rightarrow\\) \u53f3 \\(\\rightarrow\\) \u6839\u201d\u5206\u522b\u5bf9\u5e94\u524d\u5e8f\u3001\u4e2d\u5e8f\u3001\u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u4e09\u79cd\u904d\u5386\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u8fd9\u4e09\u8005\u90fd\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_graph/graph_traversal/#2_1","title":"2. \u00a0 \u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5206\u6790","text":"

    \u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u6240\u6709\u9876\u70b9\u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee \\(1\\) \u6b21\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(|V|)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\uff1b\u6240\u6709\u8fb9\u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee \\(2\\) \u6b21\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(2|E|)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\uff1b\u603b\u4f53\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(|V| + |E|)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u3002

    \u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff1a\u5217\u8868 res \uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 visited \u9876\u70b9\u6570\u91cf\u6700\u591a\u4e3a \\(|V|\\) \uff0c\u9012\u5f52\u6df1\u5ea6\u6700\u5927\u4e3a \\(|V|\\) \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(|V|)\\) \u7a7a\u95f4\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_graph/summary/","title":"9.4 \u00a0 \u5c0f\u7ed3","text":""},{"location":"chapter_graph/summary/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u91cd\u70b9\u56de\u987e","text":"
    • \u56fe\u7531\u9876\u70b9\u548c\u8fb9\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8868\u793a\u4e3a\u4e00\u7ec4\u9876\u70b9\u548c\u4e00\u7ec4\u8fb9\u6784\u6210\u7684\u96c6\u5408\u3002
    • \u76f8\u8f83\u4e8e\u7ebf\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\uff08\u94fe\u8868\uff09\u548c\u5206\u6cbb\u5173\u7cfb\uff08\u6811\uff09\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u5173\u7cfb\uff08\u56fe\uff09\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u5ea6\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u66f4\u4e3a\u590d\u6742\u3002
    • \u6709\u5411\u56fe\u7684\u8fb9\u5177\u6709\u65b9\u5411\u6027\uff0c\u8fde\u901a\u56fe\u4e2d\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u9876\u70b9\u5747\u53ef\u8fbe\uff0c\u6709\u6743\u56fe\u7684\u6bcf\u6761\u8fb9\u90fd\u5305\u542b\u6743\u91cd\u53d8\u91cf\u3002
    • \u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u5229\u7528\u77e9\u9635\u6765\u8868\u793a\u56fe\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u884c\uff08\u5217\uff09\u4ee3\u8868\u4e00\u4e2a\u9876\u70b9\uff0c\u77e9\u9635\u5143\u7d20\u4ee3\u8868\u8fb9\uff0c\u7528 \\(1\\) \u6216 \\(0\\) \u8868\u793a\u4e24\u4e2a\u9876\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u6709\u8fb9\u6216\u65e0\u8fb9\u3002\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u5728\u589e\u5220\u67e5\u6539\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e0a\u6548\u7387\u5f88\u9ad8\uff0c\u4f46\u7a7a\u95f4\u5360\u7528\u8f83\u591a\u3002
    • \u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u4e2a\u94fe\u8868\u6765\u8868\u793a\u56fe\uff0c\u7b2c \\(i\\) \u4e2a\u94fe\u8868\u5bf9\u5e94\u9876\u70b9 \\(i\\) \uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5b58\u50a8\u4e86\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u9876\u70b9\u3002\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u66f4\u52a0\u8282\u7701\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u904d\u5386\u94fe\u8868\u6765\u67e5\u627e\u8fb9\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u65f6\u95f4\u6548\u7387\u8f83\u4f4e\u3002
    • \u5f53\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u94fe\u8868\u8fc7\u957f\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u5176\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u7ea2\u9ed1\u6811\u6216\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63d0\u5347\u67e5\u8be2\u6548\u7387\u3002
    • \u4ece\u7b97\u6cd5\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u201c\u4ee5\u7a7a\u95f4\u6362\u65f6\u95f4\u201d\uff0c\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u201c\u4ee5\u65f6\u95f4\u6362\u7a7a\u95f4\u201d\u3002
    • \u56fe\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u5efa\u6a21\u5404\u7c7b\u73b0\u5b9e\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5982\u793e\u4ea4\u7f51\u7edc\u3001\u5730\u94c1\u7ebf\u8def\u7b49\u3002
    • \u6811\u662f\u56fe\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u4f8b\uff0c\u6811\u7684\u904d\u5386\u4e5f\u662f\u56fe\u7684\u904d\u5386\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u4f8b\u3002
    • \u56fe\u7684\u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7531\u8fd1\u53ca\u8fdc\u3001\u5c42\u5c42\u6269\u5f20\u7684\u641c\u7d22\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u501f\u52a9\u961f\u5217\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002
    • \u56fe\u7684\u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4f18\u5148\u8d70\u5230\u5e95\u3001\u65e0\u8def\u53ef\u8d70\u65f6\u518d\u56de\u6eaf\u7684\u641c\u7d22\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5e38\u57fa\u4e8e\u9012\u5f52\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_graph/summary/#2-q-a","title":"2. \u00a0 Q & A","text":"

    \u8def\u5f84\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u662f\u9876\u70b9\u5e8f\u5217\u8fd8\u662f\u8fb9\u5e8f\u5217\uff1f

    \u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u4e0a\u4e0d\u540c\u8bed\u8a00\u7248\u672c\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\uff1a\u82f1\u6587\u7248\u662f\u201c\u8def\u5f84\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fb9\u5e8f\u5217\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u4e2d\u6587\u7248\u662f\u201c\u8def\u5f84\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9876\u70b9\u5e8f\u5217\u201d\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u82f1\u6587\u7248\u539f\u6587\uff1aIn graph theory, a path in a graph is a finite or infinite sequence of edges which joins a sequence of vertices. \u5728\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u8def\u5f84\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fb9\u5e8f\u5217\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9876\u70b9\u5e8f\u5217\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u9876\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u591a\u6761\u8fb9\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u6bcf\u6761\u8fb9\u90fd\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e00\u6761\u8def\u5f84\u3002

    \u975e\u8fde\u901a\u56fe\u4e2d\u662f\u5426\u4f1a\u6709\u65e0\u6cd5\u904d\u5386\u5230\u7684\u70b9\uff1f

    \u5728\u975e\u8fde\u901a\u56fe\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ece\u67d0\u4e2a\u9876\u70b9\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u9876\u70b9\u65e0\u6cd5\u5230\u8fbe\u3002\u904d\u5386\u975e\u8fde\u901a\u56fe\u9700\u8981\u8bbe\u7f6e\u591a\u4e2a\u8d77\u70b9\uff0c\u4ee5\u904d\u5386\u5230\u56fe\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8fde\u901a\u5206\u91cf\u3002

    \u5728\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u4e2d\uff0c\u201c\u4e0e\u8be5\u9876\u70b9\u76f8\u8fde\u7684\u6240\u6709\u9876\u70b9\u201d\u7684\u9876\u70b9\u987a\u5e8f\u662f\u5426\u6709\u8981\u6c42\uff1f

    \u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4efb\u610f\u987a\u5e8f\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u6309\u7167\u6307\u5b9a\u89c4\u5219\u6765\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u6309\u7167\u9876\u70b9\u6dfb\u52a0\u7684\u6b21\u5e8f\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u6309\u7167\u9876\u70b9\u503c\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u7b49\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u5feb\u901f\u67e5\u627e\u201c\u5e26\u6709\u67d0\u79cd\u6781\u503c\u201d\u7684\u9876\u70b9\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_greedy/","title":"\u7b2c 15 \u7ae0 \u00a0 \u8d2a\u5fc3","text":"

    Abstract

    \u5411\u65e5\u8475\u671d\u7740\u592a\u9633\u8f6c\u52a8\uff0c\u65f6\u523b\u8ffd\u6c42\u81ea\u8eab\u6210\u957f\u7684\u6700\u5927\u53ef\u80fd\u3002

    \u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b56\u7565\u5728\u4e00\u8f6e\u8f6e\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u9009\u62e9\u4e2d\uff0c\u9010\u6b65\u5bfc\u5411\u6700\u4f73\u7b54\u6848\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_greedy/#_1","title":"\u672c\u7ae0\u5185\u5bb9","text":"
    • 15.1 \u00a0 \u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5
    • 15.2 \u00a0 \u5206\u6570\u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898
    • 15.3 \u00a0 \u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\u95ee\u9898
    • 15.4 \u00a0 \u6700\u5927\u5207\u5206\u4e58\u79ef\u95ee\u9898
    • 15.5 \u00a0 \u5c0f\u7ed3
    "},{"location":"chapter_greedy/fractional_knapsack_problem/","title":"15.2 \u00a0 \u5206\u6570\u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898","text":"

    Question

    \u7ed9\u5b9a \\(n\\) \u4e2a\u7269\u54c1\uff0c\u7b2c \\(i\\) \u4e2a\u7269\u54c1\u7684\u91cd\u91cf\u4e3a \\(wgt[i-1]\\)\u3001\u4ef7\u503c\u4e3a \\(val[i-1]\\) \uff0c\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e3a \\(cap\\) \u7684\u80cc\u5305\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7269\u54c1\u53ea\u80fd\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u7269\u54c1\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4ef7\u503c\u6839\u636e\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u91cd\u91cf\u6bd4\u4f8b\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u95ee\u5728\u9650\u5b9a\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e0b\u80cc\u5305\u4e2d\u7269\u54c1\u7684\u6700\u5927\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u793a\u4f8b\u5982\u56fe 15-3 \u6240\u793a\u3002

    \u56fe 15-3 \u00a0 \u5206\u6570\u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u6570\u636e

    \u5206\u6570\u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898\u548c 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898\u6574\u4f53\u4e0a\u975e\u5e38\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u72b6\u6001\u5305\u542b\u5f53\u524d\u7269\u54c1 \\(i\\) \u548c\u5bb9\u91cf \\(c\\) \uff0c\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u6c42\u9650\u5b9a\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e0b\u7684\u6700\u5927\u4ef7\u503c\u3002

    \u4e0d\u540c\u70b9\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u672c\u9898\u5141\u8bb8\u53ea\u9009\u62e9\u7269\u54c1\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u5982\u56fe 15-4 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u7269\u54c1\u4efb\u610f\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u5207\u5206\uff0c\u5e76\u6309\u7167\u91cd\u91cf\u6bd4\u4f8b\u6765\u8ba1\u7b97\u76f8\u5e94\u4ef7\u503c\u3002

    1. \u5bf9\u4e8e\u7269\u54c1 \\(i\\) \uff0c\u5b83\u5728\u5355\u4f4d\u91cd\u91cf\u4e0b\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u4e3a \\(val[i-1] / wgt[i-1]\\) \uff0c\u7b80\u79f0\u5355\u4f4d\u4ef7\u503c\u3002
    2. \u5047\u8bbe\u653e\u5165\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u7269\u54c1 \\(i\\) \uff0c\u91cd\u91cf\u4e3a \\(w\\) \uff0c\u5219\u80cc\u5305\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u4e3a \\(w \\times val[i-1] / wgt[i-1]\\) \u3002

    \u56fe 15-4 \u00a0 \u7269\u54c1\u5728\u5355\u4f4d\u91cd\u91cf\u4e0b\u7684\u4ef7\u503c

    "},{"location":"chapter_greedy/fractional_knapsack_problem/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b56\u7565\u786e\u5b9a","text":"

    \u6700\u5927\u5316\u80cc\u5305\u5185\u7269\u54c1\u603b\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u6700\u5927\u5316\u5355\u4f4d\u91cd\u91cf\u4e0b\u7684\u7269\u54c1\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u7531\u6b64\u4fbf\u53ef\u63a8\u7406\u51fa\u56fe 15-5 \u6240\u793a\u7684\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b56\u7565\u3002

    1. \u5c06\u7269\u54c1\u6309\u7167\u5355\u4f4d\u4ef7\u503c\u4ece\u9ad8\u5230\u4f4e\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\u3002
    2. \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u7269\u54c1\uff0c\u6bcf\u8f6e\u8d2a\u5fc3\u5730\u9009\u62e9\u5355\u4f4d\u4ef7\u503c\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u7269\u54c1\u3002
    3. \u82e5\u5269\u4f59\u80cc\u5305\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u5219\u4f7f\u7528\u5f53\u524d\u7269\u54c1\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u586b\u6ee1\u80cc\u5305\u3002

    \u56fe 15-5 \u00a0 \u5206\u6570\u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b56\u7565

    "},{"location":"chapter_greedy/fractional_knapsack_problem/#2","title":"2. \u00a0 \u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0","text":"

    \u6211\u4eec\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7269\u54c1\u7c7b Item \uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5c06\u7269\u54c1\u6309\u7167\u5355\u4f4d\u4ef7\u503c\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\u3002\u5faa\u73af\u8fdb\u884c\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u5f53\u80cc\u5305\u5df2\u6ee1\u65f6\u8df3\u51fa\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u89e3\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig fractional_knapsack.py
    class Item:\n    \"\"\"\u7269\u54c1\"\"\"\n\n    def __init__(self, w: int, v: int):\n        self.w = w  # \u7269\u54c1\u91cd\u91cf\n        self.v = v  # \u7269\u54c1\u4ef7\u503c\n\ndef fractional_knapsack(wgt: list[int], val: list[int], cap: int) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u5206\u6570\u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3\"\"\"\n    # \u521b\u5efa\u7269\u54c1\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u4e24\u4e2a\u5c5e\u6027\uff1a\u91cd\u91cf\u3001\u4ef7\u503c\n    items = [Item(w, v) for w, v in zip(wgt, val)]\n    # \u6309\u7167\u5355\u4f4d\u4ef7\u503c item.v / item.w \u4ece\u9ad8\u5230\u4f4e\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\n    items.sort(key=lambda item: item.v / item.w, reverse=True)\n    # \u5faa\u73af\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\n    res = 0\n    for item in items:\n        if item.w <= cap:\n            # \u82e5\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\u5145\u8db3\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u7269\u54c1\u6574\u4e2a\u88c5\u8fdb\u80cc\u5305\n            res += item.v\n            cap -= item.w\n        else:\n            # \u82e5\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u7269\u54c1\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u88c5\u8fdb\u80cc\u5305\n            res += (item.v / item.w) * cap\n            # \u5df2\u65e0\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\n            break\n    return res\n
    fractional_knapsack.cpp
    /* \u7269\u54c1 */\nclass Item {\n  public:\n    int w; // \u7269\u54c1\u91cd\u91cf\n    int v; // \u7269\u54c1\u4ef7\u503c\n\n    Item(int w, int v) : w(w), v(v) {\n    }\n};\n\n/* \u5206\u6570\u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3 */\ndouble fractionalKnapsack(vector<int> &wgt, vector<int> &val, int cap) {\n    // \u521b\u5efa\u7269\u54c1\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u4e24\u4e2a\u5c5e\u6027\uff1a\u91cd\u91cf\u3001\u4ef7\u503c\n    vector<Item> items;\n    for (int i = 0; i < wgt.size(); i++) {\n        items.push_back(Item(wgt[i], val[i]));\n    }\n    // \u6309\u7167\u5355\u4f4d\u4ef7\u503c item.v / item.w \u4ece\u9ad8\u5230\u4f4e\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\n    sort(items.begin(), items.end(), [](Item &a, Item &b) { return (double)a.v / a.w > (double)b.v / b.w; });\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\n    double res = 0;\n    for (auto &item : items) {\n        if (item.w <= cap) {\n            // \u82e5\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\u5145\u8db3\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u7269\u54c1\u6574\u4e2a\u88c5\u8fdb\u80cc\u5305\n            res += item.v;\n            cap -= item.w;\n        } else {\n            // \u82e5\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u7269\u54c1\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u88c5\u8fdb\u80cc\u5305\n            res += (double)item.v / item.w * cap;\n            // \u5df2\u65e0\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\n            break;\n        }\n    }\n    return res;\n}\n
    fractional_knapsack.java
    /* \u7269\u54c1 */\nclass Item {\n    int w; // \u7269\u54c1\u91cd\u91cf\n    int v; // \u7269\u54c1\u4ef7\u503c\n\n    public Item(int w, int v) {\n        this.w = w;\n        this.v = v;\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u5206\u6570\u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3 */\ndouble fractionalKnapsack(int[] wgt, int[] val, int cap) {\n    // \u521b\u5efa\u7269\u54c1\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u4e24\u4e2a\u5c5e\u6027\uff1a\u91cd\u91cf\u3001\u4ef7\u503c\n    Item[] items = new Item[wgt.length];\n    for (int i = 0; i < wgt.length; i++) {\n        items[i] = new Item(wgt[i], val[i]);\n    }\n    // \u6309\u7167\u5355\u4f4d\u4ef7\u503c item.v / item.w \u4ece\u9ad8\u5230\u4f4e\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\n    Arrays.sort(items, Comparator.comparingDouble(item -> -((double) item.v / item.w)));\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\n    double res = 0;\n    for (Item item : items) {\n        if (item.w <= cap) {\n            // \u82e5\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\u5145\u8db3\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u7269\u54c1\u6574\u4e2a\u88c5\u8fdb\u80cc\u5305\n            res += item.v;\n            cap -= item.w;\n        } else {\n            // \u82e5\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u7269\u54c1\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u88c5\u8fdb\u80cc\u5305\n            res += (double) item.v / item.w * cap;\n            // \u5df2\u65e0\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\n            break;\n        }\n    }\n    return res;\n}\n
    fractional_knapsack.cs
    /* \u7269\u54c1 */\nclass Item(int w, int v) {\n    public int w = w; // \u7269\u54c1\u91cd\u91cf\n    public int v = v; // \u7269\u54c1\u4ef7\u503c\n}\n\n/* \u5206\u6570\u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3 */\ndouble FractionalKnapsack(int[] wgt, int[] val, int cap) {\n    // \u521b\u5efa\u7269\u54c1\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u4e24\u4e2a\u5c5e\u6027\uff1a\u91cd\u91cf\u3001\u4ef7\u503c\n    Item[] items = new Item[wgt.Length];\n    for (int i = 0; i < wgt.Length; i++) {\n        items[i] = new Item(wgt[i], val[i]);\n    }\n    // \u6309\u7167\u5355\u4f4d\u4ef7\u503c item.v / item.w \u4ece\u9ad8\u5230\u4f4e\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\n    Array.Sort(items, (x, y) => (y.v / y.w).CompareTo(x.v / x.w));\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\n    double res = 0;\n    foreach (Item item in items) {\n        if (item.w <= cap) {\n            // \u82e5\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\u5145\u8db3\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u7269\u54c1\u6574\u4e2a\u88c5\u8fdb\u80cc\u5305\n            res += item.v;\n            cap -= item.w;\n        } else {\n            // \u82e5\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u7269\u54c1\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u88c5\u8fdb\u80cc\u5305\n            res += (double)item.v / item.w * cap;\n            // \u5df2\u65e0\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\n            break;\n        }\n    }\n    return res;\n}\n
    fractional_knapsack.go
    /* \u7269\u54c1 */\ntype Item struct {\n    w int // \u7269\u54c1\u91cd\u91cf\n    v int // \u7269\u54c1\u4ef7\u503c\n}\n\n/* \u5206\u6570\u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3 */\nfunc fractionalKnapsack(wgt []int, val []int, cap int) float64 {\n    // \u521b\u5efa\u7269\u54c1\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u4e24\u4e2a\u5c5e\u6027\uff1a\u91cd\u91cf\u3001\u4ef7\u503c\n    items := make([]Item, len(wgt))\n    for i := 0; i < len(wgt); i++ {\n        items[i] = Item{wgt[i], val[i]}\n    }\n    // \u6309\u7167\u5355\u4f4d\u4ef7\u503c item.v / item.w \u4ece\u9ad8\u5230\u4f4e\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\n    sort.Slice(items, func(i, j int) bool {\n        return float64(items[i].v)/float64(items[i].w) > float64(items[j].v)/float64(items[j].w)\n    })\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\n    res := 0.0\n    for _, item := range items {\n        if item.w <= cap {\n            // \u82e5\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\u5145\u8db3\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u7269\u54c1\u6574\u4e2a\u88c5\u8fdb\u80cc\u5305\n            res += float64(item.v)\n            cap -= item.w\n        } else {\n            // \u82e5\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u7269\u54c1\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u88c5\u8fdb\u80cc\u5305\n            res += float64(item.v) / float64(item.w) * float64(cap)\n            // \u5df2\u65e0\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\n            break\n        }\n    }\n    return res\n}\n
    fractional_knapsack.swift
    /* \u7269\u54c1 */\nclass Item {\n    var w: Int // \u7269\u54c1\u91cd\u91cf\n    var v: Int // \u7269\u54c1\u4ef7\u503c\n\n    init(w: Int, v: Int) {\n        self.w = w\n        self.v = v\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u5206\u6570\u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3 */\nfunc fractionalKnapsack(wgt: [Int], val: [Int], cap: Int) -> Double {\n    // \u521b\u5efa\u7269\u54c1\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u4e24\u4e2a\u5c5e\u6027\uff1a\u91cd\u91cf\u3001\u4ef7\u503c\n    var items = zip(wgt, val).map { Item(w: $0, v: $1) }\n    // \u6309\u7167\u5355\u4f4d\u4ef7\u503c item.v / item.w \u4ece\u9ad8\u5230\u4f4e\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\n    items.sort(by: { -(Double($0.v) / Double($0.w)) < -(Double($1.v) / Double($1.w)) })\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\n    var res = 0.0\n    var cap = cap\n    for item in items {\n        if item.w <= cap {\n            // \u82e5\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\u5145\u8db3\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u7269\u54c1\u6574\u4e2a\u88c5\u8fdb\u80cc\u5305\n            res += Double(item.v)\n            cap -= item.w\n        } else {\n            // \u82e5\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u7269\u54c1\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u88c5\u8fdb\u80cc\u5305\n            res += Double(item.v) / Double(item.w) * Double(cap)\n            // \u5df2\u65e0\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\n            break\n        }\n    }\n    return res\n}\n
    fractional_knapsack.js
    /* \u7269\u54c1 */\nclass Item {\n    constructor(w, v) {\n        this.w = w; // \u7269\u54c1\u91cd\u91cf\n        this.v = v; // \u7269\u54c1\u4ef7\u503c\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u5206\u6570\u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3 */\nfunction fractionalKnapsack(wgt, val, cap) {\n    // \u521b\u5efa\u7269\u54c1\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u4e24\u4e2a\u5c5e\u6027\uff1a\u91cd\u91cf\u3001\u4ef7\u503c\n    const items = wgt.map((w, i) => new Item(w, val[i]));\n    // \u6309\u7167\u5355\u4f4d\u4ef7\u503c item.v / item.w \u4ece\u9ad8\u5230\u4f4e\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\n    items.sort((a, b) => b.v / b.w - a.v / a.w);\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\n    let res = 0;\n    for (const item of items) {\n        if (item.w <= cap) {\n            // \u82e5\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\u5145\u8db3\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u7269\u54c1\u6574\u4e2a\u88c5\u8fdb\u80cc\u5305\n            res += item.v;\n            cap -= item.w;\n        } else {\n            // \u82e5\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u7269\u54c1\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u88c5\u8fdb\u80cc\u5305\n            res += (item.v / item.w) * cap;\n            // \u5df2\u65e0\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\n            break;\n        }\n    }\n    return res;\n}\n
    fractional_knapsack.ts
    /* \u7269\u54c1 */\nclass Item {\n    w: number; // \u7269\u54c1\u91cd\u91cf\n    v: number; // \u7269\u54c1\u4ef7\u503c\n\n    constructor(w: number, v: number) {\n        this.w = w;\n        this.v = v;\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u5206\u6570\u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3 */\nfunction fractionalKnapsack(wgt: number[], val: number[], cap: number): number {\n    // \u521b\u5efa\u7269\u54c1\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u4e24\u4e2a\u5c5e\u6027\uff1a\u91cd\u91cf\u3001\u4ef7\u503c\n    const items: Item[] = wgt.map((w, i) => new Item(w, val[i]));\n    // \u6309\u7167\u5355\u4f4d\u4ef7\u503c item.v / item.w \u4ece\u9ad8\u5230\u4f4e\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\n    items.sort((a, b) => b.v / b.w - a.v / a.w);\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\n    let res = 0;\n    for (const item of items) {\n        if (item.w <= cap) {\n            // \u82e5\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\u5145\u8db3\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u7269\u54c1\u6574\u4e2a\u88c5\u8fdb\u80cc\u5305\n            res += item.v;\n            cap -= item.w;\n        } else {\n            // \u82e5\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u7269\u54c1\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u88c5\u8fdb\u80cc\u5305\n            res += (item.v / item.w) * cap;\n            // \u5df2\u65e0\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\n            break;\n        }\n    }\n    return res;\n}\n
    fractional_knapsack.dart
    /* \u7269\u54c1 */\nclass Item {\n  int w; // \u7269\u54c1\u91cd\u91cf\n  int v; // \u7269\u54c1\u4ef7\u503c\n\n  Item(this.w, this.v);\n}\n\n/* \u5206\u6570\u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3 */\ndouble fractionalKnapsack(List<int> wgt, List<int> val, int cap) {\n  // \u521b\u5efa\u7269\u54c1\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u4e24\u4e2a\u5c5e\u6027\uff1a\u91cd\u91cf\u3001\u4ef7\u503c\n  List<Item> items = List.generate(wgt.length, (i) => Item(wgt[i], val[i]));\n  // \u6309\u7167\u5355\u4f4d\u4ef7\u503c item.v / item.w \u4ece\u9ad8\u5230\u4f4e\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\n  items.sort((a, b) => (b.v / b.w).compareTo(a.v / a.w));\n  // \u5faa\u73af\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\n  double res = 0;\n  for (Item item in items) {\n    if (item.w <= cap) {\n      // \u82e5\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\u5145\u8db3\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u7269\u54c1\u6574\u4e2a\u88c5\u8fdb\u80cc\u5305\n      res += item.v;\n      cap -= item.w;\n    } else {\n      // \u82e5\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u7269\u54c1\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u88c5\u8fdb\u80cc\u5305\n      res += item.v / item.w * cap;\n      // \u5df2\u65e0\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\n      break;\n    }\n  }\n  return res;\n}\n
    fractional_knapsack.rs
    /* \u7269\u54c1 */\nstruct Item {\n    w: i32, // \u7269\u54c1\u91cd\u91cf\n    v: i32, // \u7269\u54c1\u4ef7\u503c\n}\n\nimpl Item {\n    fn new(w: i32, v: i32) -> Self {\n        Self { w, v }\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u5206\u6570\u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3 */\nfn fractional_knapsack(wgt: &[i32], val: &[i32], mut cap: i32) -> f64 {\n    // \u521b\u5efa\u7269\u54c1\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u4e24\u4e2a\u5c5e\u6027\uff1a\u91cd\u91cf\u3001\u4ef7\u503c\n    let mut items = wgt\n        .iter()\n        .zip(val.iter())\n        .map(|(&w, &v)| Item::new(w, v))\n        .collect::<Vec<Item>>();\n    // \u6309\u7167\u5355\u4f4d\u4ef7\u503c item.v / item.w \u4ece\u9ad8\u5230\u4f4e\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\n    items.sort_by(|a, b| {\n        (b.v as f64 / b.w as f64)\n            .partial_cmp(&(a.v as f64 / a.w as f64))\n            .unwrap()\n    });\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\n    let mut res = 0.0;\n    for item in &items {\n        if item.w <= cap {\n            // \u82e5\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\u5145\u8db3\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u7269\u54c1\u6574\u4e2a\u88c5\u8fdb\u80cc\u5305\n            res += item.v as f64;\n            cap -= item.w;\n        } else {\n            // \u82e5\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u7269\u54c1\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u88c5\u8fdb\u80cc\u5305\n            res += item.v as f64 / item.w as f64 * cap as f64;\n            // \u5df2\u65e0\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\n            break;\n        }\n    }\n    res\n}\n
    fractional_knapsack.c
    /* \u7269\u54c1 */\ntypedef struct {\n    int w; // \u7269\u54c1\u91cd\u91cf\n    int v; // \u7269\u54c1\u4ef7\u503c\n} Item;\n\n/* \u5206\u6570\u80cc\u5305\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3 */\nfloat fractionalKnapsack(int wgt[], int val[], int itemCount, int cap) {\n    // \u521b\u5efa\u7269\u54c1\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u4e24\u4e2a\u5c5e\u6027\uff1a\u91cd\u91cf\u3001\u4ef7\u503c\n    Item *items = malloc(sizeof(Item) * itemCount);\n    for (int i = 0; i < itemCount; i++) {\n        items[i] = (Item){.w = wgt[i], .v = val[i]};\n    }\n    // \u6309\u7167\u5355\u4f4d\u4ef7\u503c item.v / item.w \u4ece\u9ad8\u5230\u4f4e\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\n    qsort(items, (size_t)itemCount, sizeof(Item), sortByValueDensity);\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\n    float res = 0.0;\n    for (int i = 0; i < itemCount; i++) {\n        if (items[i].w <= cap) {\n            // \u82e5\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\u5145\u8db3\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u7269\u54c1\u6574\u4e2a\u88c5\u8fdb\u80cc\u5305\n            res += items[i].v;\n            cap -= items[i].w;\n        } else {\n            // \u82e5\u5269\u4f59\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u7269\u54c1\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u88c5\u8fdb\u80cc\u5305\n            res += (float)cap / items[i].w * items[i].v;\n            cap = 0;\n            break;\n        }\n    }\n    free(items);\n    return res;\n}\n
    fractional_knapsack.zig
    [class]{Item}-[func]{}\n\n[class]{}-[func]{fractionalKnapsack}\n

    \u9664\u6392\u5e8f\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5728\u6700\u5dee\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u904d\u5386\u6574\u4e2a\u7269\u54c1\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n)\\) \uff0c\u5176\u4e2d \\(n\\) \u4e3a\u7269\u54c1\u6570\u91cf\u3002

    \u7531\u4e8e\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a Item \u5bf9\u8c61\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n)\\) \u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_greedy/fractional_knapsack_problem/#3","title":"3. \u00a0 \u6b63\u786e\u6027\u8bc1\u660e","text":"

    \u91c7\u7528\u53cd\u8bc1\u6cd5\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u7269\u54c1 \\(x\\) \u662f\u5355\u4f4d\u4ef7\u503c\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u7269\u54c1\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u67d0\u7b97\u6cd5\u6c42\u5f97\u6700\u5927\u4ef7\u503c\u4e3a res \uff0c\u4f46\u8be5\u89e3\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u7269\u54c1 \\(x\\) \u3002

    \u73b0\u5728\u4ece\u80cc\u5305\u4e2d\u62ff\u51fa\u5355\u4f4d\u91cd\u91cf\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u7269\u54c1\uff0c\u5e76\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u5355\u4f4d\u91cd\u91cf\u7684\u7269\u54c1 \\(x\\) \u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u7269\u54c1 \\(x\\) \u7684\u5355\u4f4d\u4ef7\u503c\u6700\u9ad8\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u66ff\u6362\u540e\u7684\u603b\u4ef7\u503c\u4e00\u5b9a\u5927\u4e8e res \u3002\u8fd9\u4e0e res \u662f\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u77db\u76fe\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u4e2d\u5fc5\u987b\u5305\u542b\u7269\u54c1 \\(x\\) \u3002

    \u5bf9\u4e8e\u8be5\u89e3\u4e2d\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u7269\u54c1\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6784\u5efa\u51fa\u4e0a\u8ff0\u77db\u76fe\u3002\u603b\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u5355\u4f4d\u4ef7\u503c\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u7269\u54c1\u603b\u662f\u66f4\u4f18\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u8fd9\u8bf4\u660e\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b56\u7565\u662f\u6709\u6548\u7684\u3002

    \u5982\u56fe 15-6 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5c06\u7269\u54c1\u91cd\u91cf\u548c\u7269\u54c1\u5355\u4f4d\u4ef7\u503c\u5206\u522b\u770b\u4f5c\u4e00\u5f20\u4e8c\u7ef4\u56fe\u8868\u7684\u6a2a\u8f74\u548c\u7eb5\u8f74\uff0c\u5219\u5206\u6570\u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898\u53ef\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u201c\u6c42\u5728\u6709\u9650\u6a2a\u8f74\u533a\u95f4\u4e0b\u56f4\u6210\u7684\u6700\u5927\u9762\u79ef\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7c7b\u6bd4\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u4ece\u51e0\u4f55\u89d2\u5ea6\u7406\u89e3\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\u3002

    \u56fe 15-6 \u00a0 \u5206\u6570\u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u51e0\u4f55\u8868\u793a

    "},{"location":"chapter_greedy/greedy_algorithm/","title":"15.1 \u00a0 \u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5","text":"

    \u300c\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5 greedy algorithm\u300d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u4f18\u5316\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u5176\u57fa\u672c\u601d\u60f3\u662f\u5728\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u51b3\u7b56\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u90fd\u9009\u62e9\u5f53\u524d\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u6700\u4f18\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u5373\u8d2a\u5fc3\u5730\u505a\u51fa\u5c40\u90e8\u6700\u4f18\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\uff0c\u4ee5\u671f\u83b7\u5f97\u5168\u5c40\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u3002\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u7b80\u6d01\u4e14\u9ad8\u6548\uff0c\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u5b9e\u9645\u95ee\u9898\u4e2d\u6709\u7740\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u3002

    \u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u548c\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u90fd\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u89e3\u51b3\u4f18\u5316\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u76f8\u4f3c\u4e4b\u5904\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u90fd\u4f9d\u8d56\u6700\u4f18\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u4f46\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u4e0d\u540c\u3002

    • \u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u4f1a\u6839\u636e\u4e4b\u524d\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u6240\u6709\u51b3\u7b56\u6765\u8003\u8651\u5f53\u524d\u51b3\u7b56\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528\u8fc7\u53bb\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u6765\u6784\u5efa\u5f53\u524d\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u3002
    • \u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8003\u8651\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u8def\u5411\u524d\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u4e0d\u65ad\u7f29\u5c0f\u95ee\u9898\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u95ee\u9898\u88ab\u89e3\u51b3\u3002

    \u6211\u4eec\u5148\u901a\u8fc7\u4f8b\u9898\u201c\u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\u201d\u4e86\u89e3\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u3002\u8fd9\u9053\u9898\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u201c\u5b8c\u5168\u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898\u201d\u7ae0\u8282\u4e2d\u4ecb\u7ecd\u8fc7\uff0c\u76f8\u4fe1\u4f60\u5bf9\u5b83\u5e76\u4e0d\u964c\u751f\u3002

    Question

    \u7ed9\u5b9a \\(n\\) \u79cd\u786c\u5e01\uff0c\u7b2c \\(i\\) \u79cd\u786c\u5e01\u7684\u9762\u503c\u4e3a \\(coins[i - 1]\\) \uff0c\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\u4e3a \\(amt\\) \uff0c\u6bcf\u79cd\u786c\u5e01\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u590d\u9009\u53d6\uff0c\u95ee\u80fd\u591f\u51d1\u51fa\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\u7684\u6700\u5c11\u786c\u5e01\u6570\u91cf\u3002\u5982\u679c\u65e0\u6cd5\u51d1\u51fa\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de \\(-1\\) \u3002

    \u672c\u9898\u91c7\u53d6\u7684\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b56\u7565\u5982\u56fe 15-1 \u6240\u793a\u3002\u7ed9\u5b9a\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8d2a\u5fc3\u5730\u9009\u62e9\u4e0d\u5927\u4e8e\u4e14\u6700\u63a5\u8fd1\u5b83\u7684\u786c\u5e01\uff0c\u4e0d\u65ad\u5faa\u73af\u8be5\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u51d1\u51fa\u76ee\u6807\u91d1\u989d\u4e3a\u6b62\u3002

    \u56fe 15-1 \u00a0 \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\u7684\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b56\u7565

    \u5b9e\u73b0\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig coin_change_greedy.py
    def coin_change_greedy(coins: list[int], amt: int) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3\"\"\"\n    # \u5047\u8bbe coins \u5217\u8868\u6709\u5e8f\n    i = len(coins) - 1\n    count = 0\n    # \u5faa\u73af\u8fdb\u884c\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u65e0\u5269\u4f59\u91d1\u989d\n    while amt > 0:\n        # \u627e\u5230\u5c0f\u4e8e\u4e14\u6700\u63a5\u8fd1\u5269\u4f59\u91d1\u989d\u7684\u786c\u5e01\n        while i > 0 and coins[i] > amt:\n            i -= 1\n        # \u9009\u62e9 coins[i]\n        amt -= coins[i]\n        count += 1\n    # \u82e5\u672a\u627e\u5230\u53ef\u884c\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de -1\n    return count if amt == 0 else -1\n
    coin_change_greedy.cpp
    /* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3 */\nint coinChangeGreedy(vector<int> &coins, int amt) {\n    // \u5047\u8bbe coins \u5217\u8868\u6709\u5e8f\n    int i = coins.size() - 1;\n    int count = 0;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u8fdb\u884c\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u65e0\u5269\u4f59\u91d1\u989d\n    while (amt > 0) {\n        // \u627e\u5230\u5c0f\u4e8e\u4e14\u6700\u63a5\u8fd1\u5269\u4f59\u91d1\u989d\u7684\u786c\u5e01\n        while (i > 0 && coins[i] > amt) {\n            i--;\n        }\n        // \u9009\u62e9 coins[i]\n        amt -= coins[i];\n        count++;\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u672a\u627e\u5230\u53ef\u884c\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de -1\n    return amt == 0 ? count : -1;\n}\n
    coin_change_greedy.java
    /* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3 */\nint coinChangeGreedy(int[] coins, int amt) {\n    // \u5047\u8bbe coins \u5217\u8868\u6709\u5e8f\n    int i = coins.length - 1;\n    int count = 0;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u8fdb\u884c\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u65e0\u5269\u4f59\u91d1\u989d\n    while (amt > 0) {\n        // \u627e\u5230\u5c0f\u4e8e\u4e14\u6700\u63a5\u8fd1\u5269\u4f59\u91d1\u989d\u7684\u786c\u5e01\n        while (i > 0 && coins[i] > amt) {\n            i--;\n        }\n        // \u9009\u62e9 coins[i]\n        amt -= coins[i];\n        count++;\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u672a\u627e\u5230\u53ef\u884c\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de -1\n    return amt == 0 ? count : -1;\n}\n
    coin_change_greedy.cs
    /* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3 */\nint CoinChangeGreedy(int[] coins, int amt) {\n    // \u5047\u8bbe coins \u5217\u8868\u6709\u5e8f\n    int i = coins.Length - 1;\n    int count = 0;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u8fdb\u884c\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u65e0\u5269\u4f59\u91d1\u989d\n    while (amt > 0) {\n        // \u627e\u5230\u5c0f\u4e8e\u4e14\u6700\u63a5\u8fd1\u5269\u4f59\u91d1\u989d\u7684\u786c\u5e01\n        while (i > 0 && coins[i] > amt) {\n            i--;\n        }\n        // \u9009\u62e9 coins[i]\n        amt -= coins[i];\n        count++;\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u672a\u627e\u5230\u53ef\u884c\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de -1\n    return amt == 0 ? count : -1;\n}\n
    coin_change_greedy.go
    /* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3 */\nfunc coinChangeGreedy(coins []int, amt int) int {\n    // \u5047\u8bbe coins \u5217\u8868\u6709\u5e8f\n    i := len(coins) - 1\n    count := 0\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u8fdb\u884c\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u65e0\u5269\u4f59\u91d1\u989d\n    for amt > 0 {\n        // \u627e\u5230\u5c0f\u4e8e\u4e14\u6700\u63a5\u8fd1\u5269\u4f59\u91d1\u989d\u7684\u786c\u5e01\n        for i > 0 && coins[i] > amt {\n            i--\n        }\n        // \u9009\u62e9 coins[i]\n        amt -= coins[i]\n        count++\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u672a\u627e\u5230\u53ef\u884c\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de -1\n    if amt != 0 {\n        return -1\n    }\n    return count\n}\n
    coin_change_greedy.swift
    /* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3 */\nfunc coinChangeGreedy(coins: [Int], amt: Int) -> Int {\n    // \u5047\u8bbe coins \u5217\u8868\u6709\u5e8f\n    var i = coins.count - 1\n    var count = 0\n    var amt = amt\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u8fdb\u884c\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u65e0\u5269\u4f59\u91d1\u989d\n    while amt > 0 {\n        // \u627e\u5230\u5c0f\u4e8e\u4e14\u6700\u63a5\u8fd1\u5269\u4f59\u91d1\u989d\u7684\u786c\u5e01\n        while i > 0 && coins[i] > amt {\n            i -= 1\n        }\n        // \u9009\u62e9 coins[i]\n        amt -= coins[i]\n        count += 1\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u672a\u627e\u5230\u53ef\u884c\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de -1\n    return amt == 0 ? count : -1\n}\n
    coin_change_greedy.js
    /* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3 */\nfunction coinChangeGreedy(coins, amt) {\n    // \u5047\u8bbe coins \u6570\u7ec4\u6709\u5e8f\n    let i = coins.length - 1;\n    let count = 0;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u8fdb\u884c\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u65e0\u5269\u4f59\u91d1\u989d\n    while (amt > 0) {\n        // \u627e\u5230\u5c0f\u4e8e\u4e14\u6700\u63a5\u8fd1\u5269\u4f59\u91d1\u989d\u7684\u786c\u5e01\n        while (i > 0 && coins[i] > amt) {\n            i--;\n        }\n        // \u9009\u62e9 coins[i]\n        amt -= coins[i];\n        count++;\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u672a\u627e\u5230\u53ef\u884c\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de -1\n    return amt === 0 ? count : -1;\n}\n
    coin_change_greedy.ts
    /* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3 */\nfunction coinChangeGreedy(coins: number[], amt: number): number {\n    // \u5047\u8bbe coins \u6570\u7ec4\u6709\u5e8f\n    let i = coins.length - 1;\n    let count = 0;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u8fdb\u884c\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u65e0\u5269\u4f59\u91d1\u989d\n    while (amt > 0) {\n        // \u627e\u5230\u5c0f\u4e8e\u4e14\u6700\u63a5\u8fd1\u5269\u4f59\u91d1\u989d\u7684\u786c\u5e01\n        while (i > 0 && coins[i] > amt) {\n            i--;\n        }\n        // \u9009\u62e9 coins[i]\n        amt -= coins[i];\n        count++;\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u672a\u627e\u5230\u53ef\u884c\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de -1\n    return amt === 0 ? count : -1;\n}\n
    coin_change_greedy.dart
    /* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3 */\nint coinChangeGreedy(List<int> coins, int amt) {\n  // \u5047\u8bbe coins \u5217\u8868\u6709\u5e8f\n  int i = coins.length - 1;\n  int count = 0;\n  // \u5faa\u73af\u8fdb\u884c\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u65e0\u5269\u4f59\u91d1\u989d\n  while (amt > 0) {\n    // \u627e\u5230\u5c0f\u4e8e\u4e14\u6700\u63a5\u8fd1\u5269\u4f59\u91d1\u989d\u7684\u786c\u5e01\n    while (i > 0 && coins[i] > amt) {\n      i--;\n    }\n    // \u9009\u62e9 coins[i]\n    amt -= coins[i];\n    count++;\n  }\n  // \u82e5\u672a\u627e\u5230\u53ef\u884c\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de -1\n  return amt == 0 ? count : -1;\n}\n
    coin_change_greedy.rs
    /* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3 */\nfn coin_change_greedy(coins: &[i32], mut amt: i32) -> i32 {\n    // \u5047\u8bbe coins \u5217\u8868\u6709\u5e8f\n    let mut i = coins.len() - 1;\n    let mut count = 0;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u8fdb\u884c\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u65e0\u5269\u4f59\u91d1\u989d\n    while amt > 0 {\n        // \u627e\u5230\u5c0f\u4e8e\u4e14\u6700\u63a5\u8fd1\u5269\u4f59\u91d1\u989d\u7684\u786c\u5e01\n        while i > 0 && coins[i] > amt {\n            i -= 1;\n        }\n        // \u9009\u62e9 coins[i]\n        amt -= coins[i];\n        count += 1;\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u672a\u627e\u5230\u53ef\u884c\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de -1\n    if amt == 0 {\n        count\n    } else {\n        -1\n    }\n}\n
    coin_change_greedy.c
    /* \u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3 */\nint coinChangeGreedy(int *coins, int size, int amt) {\n    // \u5047\u8bbe coins \u5217\u8868\u6709\u5e8f\n    int i = size - 1;\n    int count = 0;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u8fdb\u884c\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u65e0\u5269\u4f59\u91d1\u989d\n    while (amt > 0) {\n        // \u627e\u5230\u5c0f\u4e8e\u4e14\u6700\u63a5\u8fd1\u5269\u4f59\u91d1\u989d\u7684\u786c\u5e01\n        while (i > 0 && coins[i] > amt) {\n            i--;\n        }\n        // \u9009\u62e9 coins[i]\n        amt -= coins[i];\n        count++;\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u672a\u627e\u5230\u53ef\u884c\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de -1\n    return amt == 0 ? count : -1;\n}\n
    coin_change_greedy.zig
    [class]{}-[func]{coinChangeGreedy}\n

    \u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4e0d\u7531\u5730\u53d1\u51fa\u611f\u53f9\uff1aSo clean \uff01\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u4ec5\u7528\u7ea6\u5341\u884c\u4ee3\u7801\u5c31\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\u95ee\u9898\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_greedy/greedy_algorithm/#1511","title":"15.1.1 \u00a0 \u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\u4e0e\u5c40\u9650\u6027","text":"

    \u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e0d\u4ec5\u64cd\u4f5c\u76f4\u63a5\u3001\u5b9e\u73b0\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u901a\u5e38\u6548\u7387\u4e5f\u5f88\u9ad8\u3002\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\uff0c\u8bb0\u786c\u5e01\u6700\u5c0f\u9762\u503c\u4e3a \\(\\min(coins)\\) \uff0c\u5219\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\u6700\u591a\u5faa\u73af \\(amt / \\min(coins)\\) \u6b21\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(amt / \\min(coins))\\) \u3002\u8fd9\u6bd4\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u89e3\u6cd5\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 \\(O(n \\times amt)\\) \u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u91cf\u7ea7\u3002

    \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e9b\u786c\u5e01\u9762\u503c\u7ec4\u5408\uff0c\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u627e\u5230\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u3002\u56fe 15-2 \u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u3002

    • \u6b63\u4f8b \\(coins = [1, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100]\\)\uff1a\u5728\u8be5\u786c\u5e01\u7ec4\u5408\u4e0b\uff0c\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4efb\u610f \\(amt\\) \uff0c\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u627e\u5230\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u3002
    • \u53cd\u4f8b \\(coins = [1, 20, 50]\\)\uff1a\u5047\u8bbe \\(amt = 60\\) \uff0c\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u53ea\u80fd\u627e\u5230 \\(50 + 1 \\times 10\\) \u7684\u5151\u6362\u7ec4\u5408\uff0c\u5171\u8ba1 \\(11\\) \u679a\u786c\u5e01\uff0c\u4f46\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u53ef\u4ee5\u627e\u5230\u6700\u4f18\u89e3 \\(20 + 20 + 20\\) \uff0c\u4ec5\u9700 \\(3\\) \u679a\u786c\u5e01\u3002
    • \u53cd\u4f8b \\(coins = [1, 49, 50]\\)\uff1a\u5047\u8bbe \\(amt = 98\\) \uff0c\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u53ea\u80fd\u627e\u5230 \\(50 + 1 \\times 48\\) \u7684\u5151\u6362\u7ec4\u5408\uff0c\u5171\u8ba1 \\(49\\) \u679a\u786c\u5e01\uff0c\u4f46\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u53ef\u4ee5\u627e\u5230\u6700\u4f18\u89e3 \\(49 + 49\\) \uff0c\u4ec5\u9700 \\(2\\) \u679a\u786c\u5e01\u3002

    \u56fe 15-2 \u00a0 \u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u65e0\u6cd5\u627e\u51fa\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u7684\u793a\u4f8b

    \u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u65e0\u6cd5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u627e\u5230\u5168\u5c40\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u627e\u5230\u975e\u5e38\u5dee\u7684\u89e3\u3002\u5b83\u66f4\u9002\u5408\u7528\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u89e3\u51b3\u3002

    \u4e00\u822c\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u9002\u7528\u60c5\u51b5\u5206\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e24\u79cd\u3002

    1. \u53ef\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u627e\u5230\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u6700\u4f18\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u5f80\u5f80\u6bd4\u56de\u6eaf\u3001\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548\u3002
    2. \u53ef\u4ee5\u627e\u5230\u8fd1\u4f3c\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4e5f\u662f\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5f88\u591a\u590d\u6742\u95ee\u9898\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5bfb\u627e\u5168\u5c40\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u975e\u5e38\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u80fd\u4ee5\u8f83\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\u627e\u5230\u6b21\u4f18\u89e3\u4e5f\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u4e0d\u9519\u7684\u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_greedy/greedy_algorithm/#1512","title":"15.1.2 \u00a0 \u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u7279\u6027","text":"

    \u90a3\u4e48\u95ee\u9898\u6765\u4e86\uff0c\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u9002\u5408\u7528\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u6c42\u89e3\u5462\uff1f\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\uff0c\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u5728\u4ec0\u4e48\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u627e\u5230\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\uff1f

    \u76f8\u8f83\u4e8e\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\uff0c\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u6761\u4ef6\u66f4\u52a0\u82db\u523b\uff0c\u5176\u4e3b\u8981\u5173\u6ce8\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u6027\u8d28\u3002

    • \u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u8d28\uff1a\u53ea\u6709\u5f53\u5c40\u90e8\u6700\u4f18\u9009\u62e9\u59cb\u7ec8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bfc\u81f4\u5168\u5c40\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u65f6\uff0c\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u624d\u80fd\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5f97\u5230\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u3002
    • \u6700\u4f18\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a\u539f\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u5305\u542b\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u3002

    \u6700\u4f18\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u201c\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u201d\u7ae0\u8282\u4e2d\u4ecb\u7ecd\u8fc7\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e0d\u518d\u8d58\u8ff0\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6700\u4f18\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u5e76\u4e0d\u660e\u663e\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u4f7f\u7528\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u89e3\u51b3\u3002

    \u6211\u4eec\u4e3b\u8981\u63a2\u7a76\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u5224\u65ad\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u867d\u7136\u5b83\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u770b\u4e0a\u53bb\u6bd4\u8f83\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8bb8\u591a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8bc1\u660e\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u8d28\u5e76\u975e\u6613\u4e8b\u3002

    \u4f8b\u5982\u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u867d\u7136\u80fd\u591f\u5bb9\u6613\u5730\u4e3e\u51fa\u53cd\u4f8b\uff0c\u5bf9\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u8d28\u8fdb\u884c\u8bc1\u4f2a\uff0c\u4f46\u8bc1\u5b9e\u7684\u96be\u5ea6\u8f83\u5927\u3002\u5982\u679c\u95ee\uff1a\u6ee1\u8db3\u4ec0\u4e48\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u786c\u5e01\u7ec4\u5408\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u6c42\u89e3\uff1f\u6211\u4eec\u5f80\u5f80\u53ea\u80fd\u51ed\u501f\u76f4\u89c9\u6216\u4e3e\u4f8b\u5b50\u6765\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u68f1\u4e24\u53ef\u7684\u7b54\u6848\uff0c\u800c\u96be\u4ee5\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e25\u8c28\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u8bc1\u660e\u3002

    Quote

    \u6709\u4e00\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a \\(O(n^3)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5224\u65ad\u4e00\u4e2a\u786c\u5e01\u7ec4\u5408\u80fd\u5426\u4f7f\u7528\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u627e\u51fa\u4efb\u610f\u91d1\u989d\u7684\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u3002

    Pearson, D. A polynomial-time algorithm for the change-making problem[J]. Operations Research Letters, 2005, 33(3): 231-234.

    "},{"location":"chapter_greedy/greedy_algorithm/#1513","title":"15.1.3 \u00a0 \u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u89e3\u9898\u6b65\u9aa4","text":"

    \u8d2a\u5fc3\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u6d41\u7a0b\u5927\u4f53\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e09\u6b65\u3002

    1. \u95ee\u9898\u5206\u6790\uff1a\u68b3\u7406\u4e0e\u7406\u89e3\u95ee\u9898\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u72b6\u6001\u5b9a\u4e49\u3001\u4f18\u5316\u76ee\u6807\u548c\u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6\u7b49\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u6b65\u5728\u56de\u6eaf\u548c\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u4e2d\u90fd\u6709\u6d89\u53ca\u3002
    2. \u786e\u5b9a\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b56\u7565\uff1a\u786e\u5b9a\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b65\u4e2d\u505a\u51fa\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7b56\u7565\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b65\u51cf\u5c0f\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89c4\u6a21\uff0c\u5e76\u6700\u7ec8\u89e3\u51b3\u6574\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002
    3. \u6b63\u786e\u6027\u8bc1\u660e\uff1a\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u8bc1\u660e\u95ee\u9898\u5177\u6709\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u8d28\u548c\u6700\u4f18\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u7528\u5230\u6570\u5b66\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5f52\u7eb3\u6cd5\u6216\u53cd\u8bc1\u6cd5\u7b49\u3002

    \u786e\u5b9a\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b56\u7565\u662f\u6c42\u89e3\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u4f46\u5b9e\u65bd\u8d77\u6765\u53ef\u80fd\u5e76\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u539f\u56e0\u3002

    • \u4e0d\u540c\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u8f83\u5927\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8bb8\u591a\u95ee\u9898\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b56\u7565\u6bd4\u8f83\u6d45\u663e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e9b\u5927\u6982\u7684\u601d\u8003\u4e0e\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5c31\u80fd\u5f97\u51fa\u3002\u800c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e9b\u590d\u6742\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b56\u7565\u53ef\u80fd\u975e\u5e38\u9690\u853d\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u5c31\u975e\u5e38\u8003\u9a8c\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u89e3\u9898\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e0e\u7b97\u6cd5\u80fd\u529b\u4e86\u3002
    • \u67d0\u4e9b\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b56\u7565\u5177\u6709\u8f83\u5f3a\u7684\u8ff7\u60d1\u6027\u3002\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u6ee1\u6000\u4fe1\u5fc3\u8bbe\u8ba1\u597d\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u5199\u51fa\u89e3\u9898\u4ee3\u7801\u5e76\u63d0\u4ea4\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u73b0\u90e8\u5206\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6837\u4f8b\u65e0\u6cd5\u901a\u8fc7\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b56\u7565\u53ea\u662f\u201c\u90e8\u5206\u6b63\u786e\u201d\u7684\uff0c\u4e0a\u6587\u4ecb\u7ecd\u7684\u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5178\u578b\u6848\u4f8b\u3002

    \u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6b63\u786e\u6027\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u5bf9\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b56\u7565\u8fdb\u884c\u4e25\u8c28\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u7528\u5230\u53cd\u8bc1\u6cd5\u6216\u6570\u5b66\u5f52\u7eb3\u6cd5\u3002

    \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6b63\u786e\u6027\u8bc1\u660e\u4e5f\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4ef6\u6613\u4e8b\u3002\u5982\u82e5\u6ca1\u6709\u5934\u7eea\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u9009\u62e9\u9762\u5411\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b\u8fdb\u884c\u4ee3\u7801\u8c03\u8bd5\uff0c\u4e00\u6b65\u6b65\u4fee\u6539\u4e0e\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b56\u7565\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_greedy/greedy_algorithm/#1514","title":"15.1.4 \u00a0 \u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u5178\u578b\u4f8b\u9898","text":"

    \u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u5e38\u5e38\u5e94\u7528\u5728\u6ee1\u8db3\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u8d28\u548c\u6700\u4f18\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u4f18\u5316\u95ee\u9898\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5217\u4e3e\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u5178\u578b\u7684\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u95ee\u9898\u3002

    • \u786c\u5e01\u627e\u96f6\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u786c\u5e01\u7ec4\u5408\u4e0b\uff0c\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u603b\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u3002
    • \u533a\u95f4\u8c03\u5ea6\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u5047\u8bbe\u4f60\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4efb\u52a1\u5728\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u4f60\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u5b8c\u6210\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u591a\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6bcf\u6b21\u90fd\u9009\u62e9\u7ed3\u675f\u65f6\u95f4\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u3002
    • \u5206\u6570\u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u7ec4\u7269\u54c1\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f7d\u91cd\u91cf\uff0c\u4f60\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u7ec4\u7269\u54c1\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u603b\u91cd\u91cf\u4e0d\u8d85\u8fc7\u8f7d\u91cd\u91cf\uff0c\u4e14\u603b\u4ef7\u503c\u6700\u5927\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6bcf\u6b21\u90fd\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u4ef7\u6bd4\u6700\u9ad8\uff08\u4ef7\u503c / \u91cd\u91cf\uff09\u7684\u7269\u54c1\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u3002
    • \u80a1\u7968\u4e70\u5356\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u7ec4\u80a1\u7968\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u4ef7\u683c\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u591a\u6b21\u4e70\u5356\uff0c\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5df2\u7ecf\u6301\u6709\u80a1\u7968\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5728\u5356\u51fa\u4e4b\u524d\u4e0d\u80fd\u518d\u4e70\uff0c\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u83b7\u53d6\u6700\u5927\u5229\u6da6\u3002
    • \u970d\u592b\u66fc\u7f16\u7801\uff1a\u970d\u592b\u66fc\u7f16\u7801\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7528\u4e8e\u65e0\u635f\u6570\u636e\u538b\u7f29\u7684\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u6784\u5efa\u970d\u592b\u66fc\u6811\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u9009\u62e9\u51fa\u73b0\u9891\u7387\u6700\u4f4e\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u5408\u5e76\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u970d\u592b\u66fc\u6811\u7684\u5e26\u6743\u8def\u5f84\u957f\u5ea6\uff08\u7f16\u7801\u957f\u5ea6\uff09\u6700\u5c0f\u3002
    • Dijkstra \u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u89e3\u51b3\u7ed9\u5b9a\u6e90\u9876\u70b9\u5230\u5176\u4f59\u5404\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_greedy/max_capacity_problem/","title":"15.3 \u00a0 \u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\u95ee\u9898","text":"

    Question

    \u8f93\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4 \\(ht\\) \uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u4ee3\u8868\u4e00\u4e2a\u5782\u76f4\u9694\u677f\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u3002\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u4e24\u4e2a\u9694\u677f\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ec4\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bb9\u5668\u3002

    \u5bb9\u5668\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf\u7b49\u4e8e\u9ad8\u5ea6\u548c\u5bbd\u5ea6\u7684\u4e58\u79ef\uff08\u9762\u79ef\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7531\u8f83\u77ed\u7684\u9694\u677f\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u5bbd\u5ea6\u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u9694\u677f\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15\u4e4b\u5dee\u3002

    \u8bf7\u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u9009\u62e9\u4e24\u4e2a\u9694\u677f\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u5bb9\u5668\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf\u6700\u5927\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\u3002\u793a\u4f8b\u5982\u56fe 15-7 \u6240\u793a\u3002

    \u56fe 15-7 \u00a0 \u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u6570\u636e

    \u5bb9\u5668\u7531\u4efb\u610f\u4e24\u4e2a\u9694\u677f\u56f4\u6210\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u672c\u9898\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u9694\u677f\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a \\([i, j]\\) \u3002

    \u6839\u636e\u9898\u610f\uff0c\u5bb9\u91cf\u7b49\u4e8e\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e58\u4ee5\u5bbd\u5ea6\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7531\u77ed\u677f\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u5bbd\u5ea6\u662f\u4e24\u9694\u677f\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15\u4e4b\u5dee\u3002\u8bbe\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e3a \\(cap[i, j]\\) \uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u5f97\u8ba1\u7b97\u516c\u5f0f\uff1a

    \\[ cap[i, j] = \\min(ht[i], ht[j]) \\times (j - i) \\]

    \u8bbe\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(n\\) \uff0c\u4e24\u4e2a\u9694\u677f\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u6570\u91cf\uff08\u72b6\u6001\u603b\u6570\uff09\u4e3a \\(C_n^2 = \\frac{n(n - 1)}{2}\\) \u4e2a\u3002\u6700\u76f4\u63a5\u5730\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u7a77\u4e3e\u6240\u6709\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6c42\u5f97\u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n^2)\\) \u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_greedy/max_capacity_problem/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b56\u7565\u786e\u5b9a","text":"

    \u8fd9\u9053\u9898\u8fd8\u6709\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\u7684\u89e3\u6cd5\u3002\u5982\u56fe 15-8 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u73b0\u9009\u53d6\u4e00\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001 \\([i, j]\\) \uff0c\u5176\u6ee1\u8db3\u7d22\u5f15 \\(i < j\\) \u4e14\u9ad8\u5ea6 \\(ht[i] < ht[j]\\) \uff0c\u5373 \\(i\\) \u4e3a\u77ed\u677f\u3001\\(j\\) \u4e3a\u957f\u677f\u3002

    \u56fe 15-8 \u00a0 \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001

    \u5982\u56fe 15-9 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u82e5\u6b64\u65f6\u5c06\u957f\u677f \\(j\\) \u5411\u77ed\u677f \\(i\\) \u9760\u8fd1\uff0c\u5219\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e00\u5b9a\u53d8\u5c0f\u3002

    \u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u79fb\u52a8\u957f\u677f \\(j\\) \u540e\uff0c\u5bbd\u5ea6 \\(j-i\\) \u80af\u5b9a\u53d8\u5c0f\uff1b\u800c\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7531\u77ed\u677f\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9ad8\u5ea6\u53ea\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u53d8\uff08 \\(i\\) \u4ecd\u4e3a\u77ed\u677f\uff09\u6216\u53d8\u5c0f\uff08\u79fb\u52a8\u540e\u7684 \\(j\\) \u6210\u4e3a\u77ed\u677f\uff09\u3002

    \u56fe 15-9 \u00a0 \u5411\u5185\u79fb\u52a8\u957f\u677f\u540e\u7684\u72b6\u6001

    \u53cd\u5411\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u6709\u5411\u5185\u6536\u7f29\u77ed\u677f \\(i\\) \uff0c\u624d\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u4f7f\u5bb9\u91cf\u53d8\u5927\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u867d\u7136\u5bbd\u5ea6\u4e00\u5b9a\u53d8\u5c0f\uff0c\u4f46\u9ad8\u5ea6\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u53d8\u5927\uff08\u79fb\u52a8\u540e\u7684\u77ed\u677f \\(i\\) \u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u53d8\u957f\uff09\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u56fe 15-10 \u4e2d\uff0c\u79fb\u52a8\u77ed\u677f\u540e\u9762\u79ef\u53d8\u5927\u3002

    \u56fe 15-10 \u00a0 \u5411\u5185\u79fb\u52a8\u77ed\u677f\u540e\u7684\u72b6\u6001

    \u7531\u6b64\u4fbf\u53ef\u63a8\u51fa\u672c\u9898\u7684\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b56\u7565\uff1a\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e24\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u5206\u5217\u5bb9\u5668\u4e24\u7aef\uff0c\u6bcf\u8f6e\u5411\u5185\u6536\u7f29\u77ed\u677f\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u4e24\u6307\u9488\u76f8\u9047\u3002

    \u56fe 15-11 \u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u6267\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002

    1. \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\uff0c\u6307\u9488 \\(i\\) \u548c \\(j\\) \u5206\u5217\u6570\u7ec4\u4e24\u7aef\u3002
    2. \u8ba1\u7b97\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf \\(cap[i, j]\\) \uff0c\u5e76\u66f4\u65b0\u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\u3002
    3. \u6bd4\u8f83\u677f \\(i\\) \u548c \u677f \\(j\\) \u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u77ed\u677f\u5411\u5185\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u683c\u3002
    4. \u5faa\u73af\u6267\u884c\u7b2c 2. \u6b65\u548c\u7b2c 3. \u6b65\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3 \\(i\\) \u548c \\(j\\) \u76f8\u9047\u65f6\u7ed3\u675f\u3002
    <1><2><3><4><5><6><7><8><9>

    \u56fe 15-11 \u00a0 \u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u8d2a\u5fc3\u8fc7\u7a0b

    "},{"location":"chapter_greedy/max_capacity_problem/#2","title":"2. \u00a0 \u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0","text":"

    \u4ee3\u7801\u5faa\u73af\u6700\u591a \\(n\\) \u8f6e\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n)\\) \u3002

    \u53d8\u91cf \\(i\\)\u3001\\(j\\)\u3001\\(res\\) \u4f7f\u7528\u5e38\u6570\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u989d\u5916\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(1)\\) \u3002

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig max_capacity.py
    def max_capacity(ht: list[int]) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3\"\"\"\n    # \u521d\u59cb\u5316 i, j\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u5206\u5217\u6570\u7ec4\u4e24\u7aef\n    i, j = 0, len(ht) - 1\n    # \u521d\u59cb\u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e3a 0\n    res = 0\n    # \u5faa\u73af\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u4e24\u677f\u76f8\u9047\n    while i < j:\n        # \u66f4\u65b0\u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\n        cap = min(ht[i], ht[j]) * (j - i)\n        res = max(res, cap)\n        # \u5411\u5185\u79fb\u52a8\u77ed\u677f\n        if ht[i] < ht[j]:\n            i += 1\n        else:\n            j -= 1\n    return res\n
    max_capacity.cpp
    /* \u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3 */\nint maxCapacity(vector<int> &ht) {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 i, j\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u5206\u5217\u6570\u7ec4\u4e24\u7aef\n    int i = 0, j = ht.size() - 1;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e3a 0\n    int res = 0;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u4e24\u677f\u76f8\u9047\n    while (i < j) {\n        // \u66f4\u65b0\u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\n        int cap = min(ht[i], ht[j]) * (j - i);\n        res = max(res, cap);\n        // \u5411\u5185\u79fb\u52a8\u77ed\u677f\n        if (ht[i] < ht[j]) {\n            i++;\n        } else {\n            j--;\n        }\n    }\n    return res;\n}\n
    max_capacity.java
    /* \u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3 */\nint maxCapacity(int[] ht) {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 i, j\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u5206\u5217\u6570\u7ec4\u4e24\u7aef\n    int i = 0, j = ht.length - 1;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e3a 0\n    int res = 0;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u4e24\u677f\u76f8\u9047\n    while (i < j) {\n        // \u66f4\u65b0\u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\n        int cap = Math.min(ht[i], ht[j]) * (j - i);\n        res = Math.max(res, cap);\n        // \u5411\u5185\u79fb\u52a8\u77ed\u677f\n        if (ht[i] < ht[j]) {\n            i++;\n        } else {\n            j--;\n        }\n    }\n    return res;\n}\n
    max_capacity.cs
    /* \u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3 */\nint MaxCapacity(int[] ht) {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 i, j\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u5206\u5217\u6570\u7ec4\u4e24\u7aef\n    int i = 0, j = ht.Length - 1;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e3a 0\n    int res = 0;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u4e24\u677f\u76f8\u9047\n    while (i < j) {\n        // \u66f4\u65b0\u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\n        int cap = Math.Min(ht[i], ht[j]) * (j - i);\n        res = Math.Max(res, cap);\n        // \u5411\u5185\u79fb\u52a8\u77ed\u677f\n        if (ht[i] < ht[j]) {\n            i++;\n        } else {\n            j--;\n        }\n    }\n    return res;\n}\n
    max_capacity.go
    /* \u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3 */\nfunc maxCapacity(ht []int) int {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 i, j\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u5206\u5217\u6570\u7ec4\u4e24\u7aef\n    i, j := 0, len(ht)-1\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e3a 0\n    res := 0\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u4e24\u677f\u76f8\u9047\n    for i < j {\n        // \u66f4\u65b0\u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\n        capacity := int(math.Min(float64(ht[i]), float64(ht[j]))) * (j - i)\n        res = int(math.Max(float64(res), float64(capacity)))\n        // \u5411\u5185\u79fb\u52a8\u77ed\u677f\n        if ht[i] < ht[j] {\n            i++\n        } else {\n            j--\n        }\n    }\n    return res\n}\n
    max_capacity.swift
    /* \u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3 */\nfunc maxCapacity(ht: [Int]) -> Int {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 i, j\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u5206\u5217\u6570\u7ec4\u4e24\u7aef\n    var i = 0, j = ht.count - 1\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e3a 0\n    var res = 0\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u4e24\u677f\u76f8\u9047\n    while i < j {\n        // \u66f4\u65b0\u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\n        let cap = min(ht[i], ht[j]) * (j - i)\n        res = max(res, cap)\n        // \u5411\u5185\u79fb\u52a8\u77ed\u677f\n        if ht[i] < ht[j] {\n            i += 1\n        } else {\n            j -= 1\n        }\n    }\n    return res\n}\n
    max_capacity.js
    /* \u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3 */\nfunction maxCapacity(ht) {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 i, j\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u5206\u5217\u6570\u7ec4\u4e24\u7aef\n    let i = 0,\n        j = ht.length - 1;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e3a 0\n    let res = 0;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u4e24\u677f\u76f8\u9047\n    while (i < j) {\n        // \u66f4\u65b0\u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\n        const cap = Math.min(ht[i], ht[j]) * (j - i);\n        res = Math.max(res, cap);\n        // \u5411\u5185\u79fb\u52a8\u77ed\u677f\n        if (ht[i] < ht[j]) {\n            i += 1;\n        } else {\n            j -= 1;\n        }\n    }\n    return res;\n}\n
    max_capacity.ts
    /* \u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3 */\nfunction maxCapacity(ht: number[]): number {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 i, j\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u5206\u5217\u6570\u7ec4\u4e24\u7aef\n    let i = 0,\n        j = ht.length - 1;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e3a 0\n    let res = 0;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u4e24\u677f\u76f8\u9047\n    while (i < j) {\n        // \u66f4\u65b0\u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\n        const cap: number = Math.min(ht[i], ht[j]) * (j - i);\n        res = Math.max(res, cap);\n        // \u5411\u5185\u79fb\u52a8\u77ed\u677f\n        if (ht[i] < ht[j]) {\n            i += 1;\n        } else {\n            j -= 1;\n        }\n    }\n    return res;\n}\n
    max_capacity.dart
    /* \u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3 */\nint maxCapacity(List<int> ht) {\n  // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 i, j\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u5206\u5217\u6570\u7ec4\u4e24\u7aef\n  int i = 0, j = ht.length - 1;\n  // \u521d\u59cb\u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e3a 0\n  int res = 0;\n  // \u5faa\u73af\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u4e24\u677f\u76f8\u9047\n  while (i < j) {\n    // \u66f4\u65b0\u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\n    int cap = min(ht[i], ht[j]) * (j - i);\n    res = max(res, cap);\n    // \u5411\u5185\u79fb\u52a8\u77ed\u677f\n    if (ht[i] < ht[j]) {\n      i++;\n    } else {\n      j--;\n    }\n  }\n  return res;\n}\n
    max_capacity.rs
    /* \u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3 */\nfn max_capacity(ht: &[i32]) -> i32 {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 i, j\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u5206\u5217\u6570\u7ec4\u4e24\u7aef\n    let mut i = 0;\n    let mut j = ht.len() - 1;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e3a 0\n    let mut res = 0;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u4e24\u677f\u76f8\u9047\n    while i < j {\n        // \u66f4\u65b0\u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\n        let cap = std::cmp::min(ht[i], ht[j]) * (j - i) as i32;\n        res = std::cmp::max(res, cap);\n        // \u5411\u5185\u79fb\u52a8\u77ed\u677f\n        if ht[i] < ht[j] {\n            i += 1;\n        } else {\n            j -= 1;\n        }\n    }\n    res\n}\n
    max_capacity.c
    /* \u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3 */\nint maxCapacity(int ht[], int htLength) {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 i, j\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u5206\u5217\u6570\u7ec4\u4e24\u7aef\n    int i = 0;\n    int j = htLength - 1;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e3a 0\n    int res = 0;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u4e24\u677f\u76f8\u9047\n    while (i < j) {\n        // \u66f4\u65b0\u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\n        int capacity = myMin(ht[i], ht[j]) * (j - i);\n        res = myMax(res, capacity);\n        // \u5411\u5185\u79fb\u52a8\u77ed\u677f\n        if (ht[i] < ht[j]) {\n            i++;\n        } else {\n            j--;\n        }\n    }\n    return res;\n}\n
    max_capacity.zig
    [class]{}-[func]{maxCapacity}\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_greedy/max_capacity_problem/#3","title":"3. \u00a0 \u6b63\u786e\u6027\u8bc1\u660e","text":"

    \u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u8d2a\u5fc3\u6bd4\u7a77\u4e3e\u66f4\u5feb\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6bcf\u8f6e\u7684\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\u90fd\u4f1a\u201c\u8df3\u8fc7\u201d\u4e00\u4e9b\u72b6\u6001\u3002

    \u6bd4\u5982\u5728\u72b6\u6001 \\(cap[i, j]\\) \u4e0b\uff0c\\(i\\) \u4e3a\u77ed\u677f\u3001\\(j\\) \u4e3a\u957f\u677f\u3002\u82e5\u8d2a\u5fc3\u5730\u5c06\u77ed\u677f \\(i\\) \u5411\u5185\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u683c\uff0c\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u56fe 15-12 \u6240\u793a\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u88ab\u201c\u8df3\u8fc7\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4e4b\u540e\u65e0\u6cd5\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf\u5927\u5c0f\u3002

    \\[ cap[i, i+1], cap[i, i+2], \\dots, cap[i, j-2], cap[i, j-1] \\]

    \u56fe 15-12 \u00a0 \u79fb\u52a8\u77ed\u677f\u5bfc\u81f4\u88ab\u8df3\u8fc7\u7684\u72b6\u6001

    \u89c2\u5bdf\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u88ab\u8df3\u8fc7\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f\u5c06\u957f\u677f \\(j\\) \u5411\u5185\u79fb\u52a8\u7684\u6240\u6709\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u524d\u9762\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u8bc1\u660e\u5185\u79fb\u957f\u677f\u4e00\u5b9a\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5bb9\u91cf\u53d8\u5c0f\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u88ab\u8df3\u8fc7\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u90fd\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\uff0c\u8df3\u8fc7\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u9519\u8fc7\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u3002

    \u4ee5\u4e0a\u5206\u6790\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u79fb\u52a8\u77ed\u677f\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u662f\u201c\u5b89\u5168\u201d\u7684\uff0c\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b56\u7565\u662f\u6709\u6548\u7684\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_greedy/max_product_cutting_problem/","title":"15.4 \u00a0 \u6700\u5927\u5207\u5206\u4e58\u79ef\u95ee\u9898","text":"

    Question

    \u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b63\u6574\u6570 \\(n\\) \uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u5207\u5206\u4e3a\u81f3\u5c11\u4e24\u4e2a\u6b63\u6574\u6570\u7684\u548c\uff0c\u6c42\u5207\u5206\u540e\u6240\u6709\u6574\u6570\u7684\u4e58\u79ef\u6700\u5927\u662f\u591a\u5c11\uff0c\u5982\u56fe 15-13 \u6240\u793a\u3002

    \u56fe 15-13 \u00a0 \u6700\u5927\u5207\u5206\u4e58\u79ef\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5b9a\u4e49

    \u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u5c06 \\(n\\) \u5207\u5206\u4e3a \\(m\\) \u4e2a\u6574\u6570\u56e0\u5b50\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7b2c \\(i\\) \u4e2a\u56e0\u5b50\u8bb0\u4e3a \\(n_i\\) \uff0c\u5373

    \\[ n = \\sum_{i=1}^{m}n_i \\]

    \u672c\u9898\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u6c42\u5f97\u6240\u6709\u6574\u6570\u56e0\u5b50\u7684\u6700\u5927\u4e58\u79ef\uff0c\u5373

    \\[ \\max(\\prod_{i=1}^{m}n_i) \\]

    \u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u601d\u8003\u7684\u662f\uff1a\u5207\u5206\u6570\u91cf \\(m\\) \u5e94\u8be5\u591a\u5927\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a \\(n_i\\) \u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u591a\u5c11\uff1f

    "},{"location":"chapter_greedy/max_product_cutting_problem/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b56\u7565\u786e\u5b9a","text":"

    \u6839\u636e\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u4e24\u4e2a\u6574\u6570\u7684\u4e58\u79ef\u5f80\u5f80\u6bd4\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u52a0\u548c\u66f4\u5927\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u4ece \\(n\\) \u4e2d\u5206\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u56e0\u5b50 \\(2\\) \uff0c\u5219\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u4e58\u79ef\u4e3a \\(2(n-2)\\) \u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8be5\u4e58\u79ef\u4e0e \\(n\\) \u4f5c\u6bd4\u8f83\uff1a

    \\[ \\begin{aligned} 2(n-2) & \\geq n \\newline 2n - n - 4 & \\geq 0 \\newline n & \\geq 4 \\end{aligned} \\]

    \u5982\u56fe 15-14 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5f53 \\(n \\geq 4\\) \u65f6\uff0c\u5207\u5206\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a \\(2\\) \u540e\u4e58\u79ef\u4f1a\u53d8\u5927\uff0c\u8fd9\u8bf4\u660e\u5927\u4e8e\u7b49\u4e8e \\(4\\) \u7684\u6574\u6570\u90fd\u5e94\u8be5\u88ab\u5207\u5206\u3002

    \u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b56\u7565\u4e00\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u5207\u5206\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\u5305\u542b \\(\\geq 4\\) \u7684\u56e0\u5b50\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5b83\u5c31\u5e94\u8be5\u88ab\u7ee7\u7eed\u5207\u5206\u3002\u6700\u7ec8\u7684\u5207\u5206\u65b9\u6848\u53ea\u5e94\u51fa\u73b0 \\(1\\)\u3001\\(2\\)\u3001\\(3\\) \u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u56e0\u5b50\u3002

    \u56fe 15-14 \u00a0 \u5207\u5206\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e58\u79ef\u53d8\u5927

    \u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u601d\u8003\u54ea\u4e2a\u56e0\u5b50\u662f\u6700\u4f18\u7684\u3002\u5728 \\(1\\)\u3001\\(2\\)\u3001\\(3\\) \u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u56e0\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u663e\u7136 \\(1\\) \u662f\u6700\u5dee\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a \\(1 \\times (n-1) < n\\) \u6052\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u5373\u5207\u5206\u51fa \\(1\\) \u53cd\u800c\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e58\u79ef\u51cf\u5c0f\u3002

    \u5982\u56fe 15-15 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5f53 \\(n = 6\\) \u65f6\uff0c\u6709 \\(3 \\times 3 > 2 \\times 2 \\times 2\\) \u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5207\u5206\u51fa \\(3\\) \u6bd4\u5207\u5206\u51fa \\(2\\) \u66f4\u4f18\u3002

    \u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b56\u7565\u4e8c\uff1a\u5728\u5207\u5206\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\uff0c\u6700\u591a\u53ea\u5e94\u5b58\u5728\u4e24\u4e2a \\(2\\) \u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e09\u4e2a \\(2\\) \u603b\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a \\(3\\) \uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u83b7\u5f97\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u4e58\u79ef\u3002

    \u56fe 15-15 \u00a0 \u6700\u4f18\u5207\u5206\u56e0\u5b50

    \u7efc\u4e0a\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u53ef\u63a8\u7406\u51fa\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b56\u7565\u3002

    1. \u8f93\u5165\u6574\u6570 \\(n\\) \uff0c\u4ece\u5176\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u5207\u5206\u51fa\u56e0\u5b50 \\(3\\) \uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u4f59\u6570\u4e3a \\(0\\)\u3001\\(1\\)\u3001\\(2\\) \u3002
    2. \u5f53\u4f59\u6570\u4e3a \\(0\\) \u65f6\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868 \\(n\\) \u662f \\(3\\) \u7684\u500d\u6570\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u505a\u4efb\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u3002
    3. \u5f53\u4f59\u6570\u4e3a \\(2\\) \u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ee7\u7eed\u5212\u5206\uff0c\u4fdd\u7559\u3002
    4. \u5f53\u4f59\u6570\u4e3a \\(1\\) \u65f6\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e \\(2 \\times 2 > 1 \\times 3\\) \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5e94\u5c06\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a \\(3\\) \u66ff\u6362\u4e3a \\(2\\) \u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_greedy/max_product_cutting_problem/#2","title":"2. \u00a0 \u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0","text":"

    \u5982\u56fe 15-16 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u987b\u901a\u8fc7\u5faa\u73af\u6765\u5207\u5206\u6574\u6570\uff0c\u800c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u5411\u4e0b\u6574\u9664\u8fd0\u7b97\u5f97\u5230 \\(3\\) \u7684\u4e2a\u6570 \\(a\\) \uff0c\u7528\u53d6\u6a21\u8fd0\u7b97\u5f97\u5230\u4f59\u6570 \\(b\\) \uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u6709\uff1a

    \\[ n = 3 a + b \\]

    \u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e \\(n \\leq 3\\) \u7684\u8fb9\u754c\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u62c6\u5206\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a \\(1\\) \uff0c\u4e58\u79ef\u4e3a \\(1 \\times (n - 1)\\) \u3002

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig max_product_cutting.py
    def max_product_cutting(n: int) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u6700\u5927\u5207\u5206\u4e58\u79ef\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3\"\"\"\n    # \u5f53 n <= 3 \u65f6\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5207\u5206\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a 1\n    if n <= 3:\n        return 1 * (n - 1)\n    # \u8d2a\u5fc3\u5730\u5207\u5206\u51fa 3 \uff0ca \u4e3a 3 \u7684\u4e2a\u6570\uff0cb \u4e3a\u4f59\u6570\n    a, b = n // 3, n % 3\n    if b == 1:\n        # \u5f53\u4f59\u6570\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u4e00\u5bf9 1 * 3 \u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a 2 * 2\n        return int(math.pow(3, a - 1)) * 2 * 2\n    if b == 2:\n        # \u5f53\u4f59\u6570\u4e3a 2 \u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u505a\u5904\u7406\n        return int(math.pow(3, a)) * 2\n    # \u5f53\u4f59\u6570\u4e3a 0 \u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u505a\u5904\u7406\n    return int(math.pow(3, a))\n
    max_product_cutting.cpp
    /* \u6700\u5927\u5207\u5206\u4e58\u79ef\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3 */\nint maxProductCutting(int n) {\n    // \u5f53 n <= 3 \u65f6\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5207\u5206\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a 1\n    if (n <= 3) {\n        return 1 * (n - 1);\n    }\n    // \u8d2a\u5fc3\u5730\u5207\u5206\u51fa 3 \uff0ca \u4e3a 3 \u7684\u4e2a\u6570\uff0cb \u4e3a\u4f59\u6570\n    int a = n / 3;\n    int b = n % 3;\n    if (b == 1) {\n        // \u5f53\u4f59\u6570\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u4e00\u5bf9 1 * 3 \u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a 2 * 2\n        return (int)pow(3, a - 1) * 2 * 2;\n    }\n    if (b == 2) {\n        // \u5f53\u4f59\u6570\u4e3a 2 \u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u505a\u5904\u7406\n        return (int)pow(3, a) * 2;\n    }\n    // \u5f53\u4f59\u6570\u4e3a 0 \u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u505a\u5904\u7406\n    return (int)pow(3, a);\n}\n
    max_product_cutting.java
    /* \u6700\u5927\u5207\u5206\u4e58\u79ef\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3 */\nint maxProductCutting(int n) {\n    // \u5f53 n <= 3 \u65f6\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5207\u5206\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a 1\n    if (n <= 3) {\n        return 1 * (n - 1);\n    }\n    // \u8d2a\u5fc3\u5730\u5207\u5206\u51fa 3 \uff0ca \u4e3a 3 \u7684\u4e2a\u6570\uff0cb \u4e3a\u4f59\u6570\n    int a = n / 3;\n    int b = n % 3;\n    if (b == 1) {\n        // \u5f53\u4f59\u6570\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u4e00\u5bf9 1 * 3 \u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a 2 * 2\n        return (int) Math.pow(3, a - 1) * 2 * 2;\n    }\n    if (b == 2) {\n        // \u5f53\u4f59\u6570\u4e3a 2 \u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u505a\u5904\u7406\n        return (int) Math.pow(3, a) * 2;\n    }\n    // \u5f53\u4f59\u6570\u4e3a 0 \u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u505a\u5904\u7406\n    return (int) Math.pow(3, a);\n}\n
    max_product_cutting.cs
    /* \u6700\u5927\u5207\u5206\u4e58\u79ef\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3 */\nint MaxProductCutting(int n) {\n    // \u5f53 n <= 3 \u65f6\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5207\u5206\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a 1\n    if (n <= 3) {\n        return 1 * (n - 1);\n    }\n    // \u8d2a\u5fc3\u5730\u5207\u5206\u51fa 3 \uff0ca \u4e3a 3 \u7684\u4e2a\u6570\uff0cb \u4e3a\u4f59\u6570\n    int a = n / 3;\n    int b = n % 3;\n    if (b == 1) {\n        // \u5f53\u4f59\u6570\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u4e00\u5bf9 1 * 3 \u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a 2 * 2\n        return (int)Math.Pow(3, a - 1) * 2 * 2;\n    }\n    if (b == 2) {\n        // \u5f53\u4f59\u6570\u4e3a 2 \u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u505a\u5904\u7406\n        return (int)Math.Pow(3, a) * 2;\n    }\n    // \u5f53\u4f59\u6570\u4e3a 0 \u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u505a\u5904\u7406\n    return (int)Math.Pow(3, a);\n}\n
    max_product_cutting.go
    /* \u6700\u5927\u5207\u5206\u4e58\u79ef\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3 */\nfunc maxProductCutting(n int) int {\n    // \u5f53 n <= 3 \u65f6\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5207\u5206\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a 1\n    if n <= 3 {\n        return 1 * (n - 1)\n    }\n    // \u8d2a\u5fc3\u5730\u5207\u5206\u51fa 3 \uff0ca \u4e3a 3 \u7684\u4e2a\u6570\uff0cb \u4e3a\u4f59\u6570\n    a := n / 3\n    b := n % 3\n    if b == 1 {\n        // \u5f53\u4f59\u6570\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u4e00\u5bf9 1 * 3 \u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a 2 * 2\n        return int(math.Pow(3, float64(a-1))) * 2 * 2\n    }\n    if b == 2 {\n        // \u5f53\u4f59\u6570\u4e3a 2 \u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u505a\u5904\u7406\n        return int(math.Pow(3, float64(a))) * 2\n    }\n    // \u5f53\u4f59\u6570\u4e3a 0 \u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u505a\u5904\u7406\n    return int(math.Pow(3, float64(a)))\n}\n
    max_product_cutting.swift
    /* \u6700\u5927\u5207\u5206\u4e58\u79ef\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3 */\nfunc maxProductCutting(n: Int) -> Int {\n    // \u5f53 n <= 3 \u65f6\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5207\u5206\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a 1\n    if n <= 3 {\n        return 1 * (n - 1)\n    }\n    // \u8d2a\u5fc3\u5730\u5207\u5206\u51fa 3 \uff0ca \u4e3a 3 \u7684\u4e2a\u6570\uff0cb \u4e3a\u4f59\u6570\n    let a = n / 3\n    let b = n % 3\n    if b == 1 {\n        // \u5f53\u4f59\u6570\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u4e00\u5bf9 1 * 3 \u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a 2 * 2\n        return pow(3, a - 1) * 2 * 2\n    }\n    if b == 2 {\n        // \u5f53\u4f59\u6570\u4e3a 2 \u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u505a\u5904\u7406\n        return pow(3, a) * 2\n    }\n    // \u5f53\u4f59\u6570\u4e3a 0 \u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u505a\u5904\u7406\n    return pow(3, a)\n}\n
    max_product_cutting.js
    /* \u6700\u5927\u5207\u5206\u4e58\u79ef\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3 */\nfunction maxProductCutting(n) {\n    // \u5f53 n <= 3 \u65f6\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5207\u5206\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a 1\n    if (n <= 3) {\n        return 1 * (n - 1);\n    }\n    // \u8d2a\u5fc3\u5730\u5207\u5206\u51fa 3 \uff0ca \u4e3a 3 \u7684\u4e2a\u6570\uff0cb \u4e3a\u4f59\u6570\n    let a = Math.floor(n / 3);\n    let b = n % 3;\n    if (b === 1) {\n        // \u5f53\u4f59\u6570\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u4e00\u5bf9 1 * 3 \u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a 2 * 2\n        return Math.pow(3, a - 1) * 2 * 2;\n    }\n    if (b === 2) {\n        // \u5f53\u4f59\u6570\u4e3a 2 \u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u505a\u5904\u7406\n        return Math.pow(3, a) * 2;\n    }\n    // \u5f53\u4f59\u6570\u4e3a 0 \u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u505a\u5904\u7406\n    return Math.pow(3, a);\n}\n
    max_product_cutting.ts
    /* \u6700\u5927\u5207\u5206\u4e58\u79ef\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3 */\nfunction maxProductCutting(n: number): number {\n    // \u5f53 n <= 3 \u65f6\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5207\u5206\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a 1\n    if (n <= 3) {\n        return 1 * (n - 1);\n    }\n    // \u8d2a\u5fc3\u5730\u5207\u5206\u51fa 3 \uff0ca \u4e3a 3 \u7684\u4e2a\u6570\uff0cb \u4e3a\u4f59\u6570\n    let a: number = Math.floor(n / 3);\n    let b: number = n % 3;\n    if (b === 1) {\n        // \u5f53\u4f59\u6570\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u4e00\u5bf9 1 * 3 \u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a 2 * 2\n        return Math.pow(3, a - 1) * 2 * 2;\n    }\n    if (b === 2) {\n        // \u5f53\u4f59\u6570\u4e3a 2 \u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u505a\u5904\u7406\n        return Math.pow(3, a) * 2;\n    }\n    // \u5f53\u4f59\u6570\u4e3a 0 \u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u505a\u5904\u7406\n    return Math.pow(3, a);\n}\n
    max_product_cutting.dart
    /* \u6700\u5927\u5207\u5206\u4e58\u79ef\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3 */\nint maxProductCutting(int n) {\n  // \u5f53 n <= 3 \u65f6\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5207\u5206\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a 1\n  if (n <= 3) {\n    return 1 * (n - 1);\n  }\n  // \u8d2a\u5fc3\u5730\u5207\u5206\u51fa 3 \uff0ca \u4e3a 3 \u7684\u4e2a\u6570\uff0cb \u4e3a\u4f59\u6570\n  int a = n ~/ 3;\n  int b = n % 3;\n  if (b == 1) {\n    // \u5f53\u4f59\u6570\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u4e00\u5bf9 1 * 3 \u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a 2 * 2\n    return (pow(3, a - 1) * 2 * 2).toInt();\n  }\n  if (b == 2) {\n    // \u5f53\u4f59\u6570\u4e3a 2 \u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u505a\u5904\u7406\n    return (pow(3, a) * 2).toInt();\n  }\n  // \u5f53\u4f59\u6570\u4e3a 0 \u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u505a\u5904\u7406\n  return pow(3, a).toInt();\n}\n
    max_product_cutting.rs
    /* \u6700\u5927\u5207\u5206\u4e58\u79ef\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3 */\nfn max_product_cutting(n: i32) -> i32 {\n    // \u5f53 n <= 3 \u65f6\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5207\u5206\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a 1\n    if n <= 3 {\n        return 1 * (n - 1);\n    }\n    // \u8d2a\u5fc3\u5730\u5207\u5206\u51fa 3 \uff0ca \u4e3a 3 \u7684\u4e2a\u6570\uff0cb \u4e3a\u4f59\u6570\n    let a = n / 3;\n    let b = n % 3;\n    if b == 1 {\n        // \u5f53\u4f59\u6570\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u4e00\u5bf9 1 * 3 \u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a 2 * 2\n        3_i32.pow(a as u32 - 1) * 2 * 2\n    } else if b == 2 {\n        // \u5f53\u4f59\u6570\u4e3a 2 \u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u505a\u5904\u7406\n        3_i32.pow(a as u32) * 2\n    } else {\n        // \u5f53\u4f59\u6570\u4e3a 0 \u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u505a\u5904\u7406\n        3_i32.pow(a as u32)\n    }\n}\n
    max_product_cutting.c
    /* \u6700\u5927\u5207\u5206\u4e58\u79ef\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3 */\nint maxProductCutting(int n) {\n    // \u5f53 n <= 3 \u65f6\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5207\u5206\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a 1\n    if (n <= 3) {\n        return 1 * (n - 1);\n    }\n    // \u8d2a\u5fc3\u5730\u5207\u5206\u51fa 3 \uff0ca \u4e3a 3 \u7684\u4e2a\u6570\uff0cb \u4e3a\u4f59\u6570\n    int a = n / 3;\n    int b = n % 3;\n    if (b == 1) {\n        // \u5f53\u4f59\u6570\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u4e00\u5bf9 1 * 3 \u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a 2 * 2\n        return pow(3, a - 1) * 2 * 2;\n    }\n    if (b == 2) {\n        // \u5f53\u4f59\u6570\u4e3a 2 \u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u505a\u5904\u7406\n        return pow(3, a) * 2;\n    }\n    // \u5f53\u4f59\u6570\u4e3a 0 \u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u505a\u5904\u7406\n    return pow(3, a);\n}\n
    max_product_cutting.zig
    [class]{}-[func]{maxProductCutting}\n

    \u56fe 15-16 \u00a0 \u6700\u5927\u5207\u5206\u4e58\u79ef\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u65b9\u6cd5

    \u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u5e42\u8fd0\u7b97\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u4ee5 Python \u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u5e42\u8ba1\u7b97\u51fd\u6570\u6709\u4e09\u79cd\u3002

    • \u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26 ** \u548c\u51fd\u6570 pow() \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5747\u4e3a \\(O(\\log\u2061 a)\\) \u3002
    • \u51fd\u6570 math.pow() \u5185\u90e8\u8c03\u7528 C \u8bed\u8a00\u5e93\u7684 pow() \u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5176\u6267\u884c\u6d6e\u70b9\u53d6\u5e42\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(1)\\) \u3002

    \u53d8\u91cf \\(a\\) \u548c \\(b\\) \u4f7f\u7528\u5e38\u6570\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u989d\u5916\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(1)\\) \u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_greedy/max_product_cutting_problem/#3","title":"3. \u00a0 \u6b63\u786e\u6027\u8bc1\u660e","text":"

    \u4f7f\u7528\u53cd\u8bc1\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ea\u5206\u6790 \\(n \\geq 3\\) \u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002

    1. \u6240\u6709\u56e0\u5b50 \\(\\leq 3\\) \uff1a\u5047\u8bbe\u6700\u4f18\u5207\u5206\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728 \\(\\geq 4\\) \u7684\u56e0\u5b50 \\(x\\) \uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4e00\u5b9a\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u5176\u7ee7\u7eed\u5212\u5206\u4e3a \\(2(x-2)\\) \uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u83b7\u5f97\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u4e58\u79ef\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0e\u5047\u8bbe\u77db\u76fe\u3002
    2. \u5207\u5206\u65b9\u6848\u4e0d\u5305\u542b \\(1\\) \uff1a\u5047\u8bbe\u6700\u4f18\u5207\u5206\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u56e0\u5b50 \\(1\\) \uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5b83\u4e00\u5b9a\u53ef\u4ee5\u5408\u5e76\u5165\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e2a\u56e0\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u4e58\u79ef\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0e\u5047\u8bbe\u77db\u76fe\u3002
    3. \u5207\u5206\u65b9\u6848\u6700\u591a\u5305\u542b\u4e24\u4e2a \\(2\\) \uff1a\u5047\u8bbe\u6700\u4f18\u5207\u5206\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u4e09\u4e2a \\(2\\) \uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4e00\u5b9a\u53ef\u4ee5\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a \\(3\\) \uff0c\u4e58\u79ef\u66f4\u5927\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0e\u5047\u8bbe\u77db\u76fe\u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_greedy/summary/","title":"15.5 \u00a0 \u5c0f\u7ed3","text":"
    • \u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u89e3\u51b3\u6700\u4f18\u5316\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5176\u539f\u7406\u662f\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u51b3\u7b56\u9636\u6bb5\u90fd\u505a\u51fa\u5c40\u90e8\u6700\u4f18\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\uff0c\u4ee5\u671f\u83b7\u5f97\u5168\u5c40\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u3002
    • \u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u4f1a\u8fed\u4ee3\u5730\u505a\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c8\u4e00\u4e2a\u7684\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6bcf\u8f6e\u90fd\u5c06\u95ee\u9898\u8f6c\u5316\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u89c4\u6a21\u66f4\u5c0f\u7684\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u95ee\u9898\u88ab\u89e3\u51b3\u3002
    • \u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5b9e\u73b0\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u8fd8\u5177\u6709\u5f88\u9ad8\u7684\u89e3\u9898\u6548\u7387\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e8e\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\uff0c\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u901a\u5e38\u66f4\u4f4e\u3002
    • \u5728\u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\u95ee\u9898\u4e2d\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e9b\u786c\u5e01\u7ec4\u5408\uff0c\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u627e\u5230\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\uff1b\u5bf9\u4e8e\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e9b\u786c\u5e01\u7ec4\u5408\u5219\u4e0d\u7136\uff0c\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u53ef\u80fd\u627e\u5230\u5f88\u5dee\u7684\u89e3\u3002
    • \u9002\u5408\u7528\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u6c42\u89e3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5177\u6709\u4e24\u5927\u6027\u8d28\uff1a\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u8d28\u548c\u6700\u4f18\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u8d28\u4ee3\u8868\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\u3002
    • \u5bf9\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e9b\u590d\u6742\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8d2a\u5fc3\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u8bc1\u660e\u5e76\u4e0d\u7b80\u5355\u3002\u76f8\u5bf9\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8bc1\u4f2a\u66f4\u52a0\u5bb9\u6613\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u96f6\u94b1\u5151\u6362\u95ee\u9898\u3002
    • \u6c42\u89e3\u8d2a\u5fc3\u95ee\u9898\u4e3b\u8981\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u6b65\uff1a\u95ee\u9898\u5206\u6790\u3001\u786e\u5b9a\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b56\u7565\u3001\u6b63\u786e\u6027\u8bc1\u660e\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u786e\u5b9a\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b56\u7565\u662f\u6838\u5fc3\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u6b63\u786e\u6027\u8bc1\u660e\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u96be\u70b9\u3002
    • \u5206\u6570\u80cc\u5305\u95ee\u9898\u5728 0-1 \u80cc\u5305\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u9009\u62e9\u7269\u54c1\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u4f7f\u7528\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u6c42\u89e3\u3002\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u6027\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u53cd\u8bc1\u6cd5\u6765\u8bc1\u660e\u3002
    • \u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\u95ee\u9898\u53ef\u4f7f\u7528\u7a77\u4e3e\u6cd5\u6c42\u89e3\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n^2)\\) \u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u6bcf\u8f6e\u5411\u5185\u79fb\u52a8\u77ed\u677f\uff0c\u53ef\u5c06\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4f18\u5316\u81f3 \\(O(n)\\) \u3002
    • \u5728\u6700\u5927\u5207\u5206\u4e58\u79ef\u95ee\u9898\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5148\u540e\u63a8\u7406\u51fa\u4e24\u4e2a\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b56\u7565\uff1a\\(\\geq 4\\) \u7684\u6574\u6570\u90fd\u5e94\u8be5\u7ee7\u7eed\u5207\u5206\uff0c\u6700\u4f18\u5207\u5206\u56e0\u5b50\u4e3a \\(3\\) \u3002\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u5e42\u8fd0\u7b97\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5e42\u8fd0\u7b97\u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4e3a \\(O(1)\\) \u6216 \\(O(\\log n)\\) \u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_hashing/","title":"\u7b2c 6 \u7ae0 \u00a0 \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868","text":"

    Abstract

    \u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5982\u540c\u4e00\u4f4d\u806a\u6167\u7684\u56fe\u4e66\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u3002

    \u4ed6\u77e5\u9053\u5982\u4f55\u8ba1\u7b97\u7d22\u4e66\u53f7\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5feb\u901f\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u56fe\u4e66\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_hashing/#_1","title":"\u672c\u7ae0\u5185\u5bb9","text":"
    • 6.1 \u00a0 \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868
    • 6.2 \u00a0 \u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81
    • 6.3 \u00a0 \u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5
    • 6.4 \u00a0 \u5c0f\u7ed3
    "},{"location":"chapter_hashing/hash_algorithm/","title":"6.3 \u00a0 \u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5","text":"

    \u524d\u4e24\u8282\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u548c\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u5904\u7406\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u7136\u800c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5f00\u653e\u5bfb\u5740\u8fd8\u662f\u94fe\u5f0f\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u53ea\u80fd\u4fdd\u8bc1\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u53d1\u751f\u51b2\u7a81\u65f6\u6b63\u5e38\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u800c\u65e0\u6cd5\u51cf\u5c11\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u53d1\u751f\u3002

    \u5982\u679c\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\u8fc7\u4e8e\u9891\u7e41\uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u5219\u4f1a\u6025\u5267\u52a3\u5316\u3002\u5982\u56fe 6-8 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u94fe\u5f0f\u5730\u5740\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u7406\u60f3\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u5747\u5300\u5206\u5e03\u5728\u5404\u4e2a\u6876\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u4f73\u67e5\u8be2\u6548\u7387\uff1b\u6700\u5dee\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u6240\u6709\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u90fd\u5b58\u50a8\u5230\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6876\u4e2d\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u9000\u5316\u81f3 \\(O(n)\\) \u3002

    \u56fe 6-8 \u00a0 \u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0e\u6700\u5dee\u60c5\u51b5

    \u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u60c5\u51b5\u7531\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002\u56de\u5fc6\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u5148\u8ba1\u7b97\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\uff0c\u518d\u5bf9\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u53d6\u6a21\uff1a

    index = hash(key) % capacity\n

    \u89c2\u5bdf\u4ee5\u4e0a\u516c\u5f0f\uff0c\u5f53\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf capacity \u56fa\u5b9a\u65f6\uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5 hash() \u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u8f93\u51fa\u503c\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u5728\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u60c5\u51b5\u3002

    \u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u964d\u4f4e\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u53d1\u751f\u6982\u7387\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u5f53\u5c06\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5 hash() \u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e0a\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_hashing/hash_algorithm/#631","title":"6.3.1 \u00a0 \u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u76ee\u6807","text":"

    \u4e3a\u4e86\u5b9e\u73b0\u201c\u65e2\u5feb\u53c8\u7a33\u201d\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u5e94\u5177\u5907\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7279\u70b9\u3002

    • \u786e\u5b9a\u6027\uff1a\u5bf9\u4e8e\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u5e94\u59cb\u7ec8\u4ea7\u751f\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u624d\u80fd\u786e\u4fdd\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u662f\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u3002
    • \u6548\u7387\u9ad8\uff1a\u8ba1\u7b97\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5e94\u8be5\u8db3\u591f\u5feb\u3002\u8ba1\u7b97\u5f00\u9500\u8d8a\u5c0f\uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u7684\u5b9e\u7528\u6027\u8d8a\u9ad8\u3002
    • \u5747\u5300\u5206\u5e03\uff1a\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u5e94\u4f7f\u5f97\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u5747\u5300\u5206\u5e03\u5728\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u3002\u5206\u5e03\u8d8a\u5747\u5300\uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u6982\u7387\u5c31\u8d8a\u4f4e\u3002

    \u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u9664\u4e86\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u8fd8\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\u3002

    • \u5bc6\u7801\u5b58\u50a8\uff1a\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u62a4\u7528\u6237\u5bc6\u7801\u7684\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u4f1a\u76f4\u63a5\u5b58\u50a8\u7528\u6237\u7684\u660e\u6587\u5bc6\u7801\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5b58\u50a8\u5bc6\u7801\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u3002\u5f53\u7528\u6237\u8f93\u5165\u5bc6\u7801\u65f6\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u5bf9\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u8ba1\u7b97\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4e0e\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e24\u8005\u5339\u914d\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5bc6\u7801\u5c31\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u6b63\u786e\u3002
    • \u6570\u636e\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u68c0\u67e5\uff1a\u6570\u636e\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba1\u7b97\u6570\u636e\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u4e00\u540c\u53d1\u9001\uff1b\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u65b0\u8ba1\u7b97\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0e\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e24\u8005\u5339\u914d\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6570\u636e\u5c31\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5b8c\u6574\u3002

    \u5bf9\u4e8e\u5bc6\u7801\u5b66\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u9632\u6b62\u4ece\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u63a8\u5bfc\u51fa\u539f\u59cb\u5bc6\u7801\u7b49\u9006\u5411\u5de5\u7a0b\uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u9700\u8981\u5177\u5907\u66f4\u9ad8\u7b49\u7ea7\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u7279\u6027\u3002

    • \u5355\u5411\u6027\uff1a\u65e0\u6cd5\u901a\u8fc7\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u53cd\u63a8\u51fa\u5173\u4e8e\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u4fe1\u606f\u3002
    • \u6297\u78b0\u649e\u6027\uff1a\u5e94\u5f53\u6781\u96be\u627e\u5230\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u76f8\u540c\u3002
    • \u96ea\u5d29\u6548\u5e94\uff1a\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u5fae\u5c0f\u53d8\u5316\u5e94\u5f53\u5bfc\u81f4\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u663e\u8457\u4e14\u4e0d\u53ef\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3002

    \u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u201c\u5747\u5300\u5206\u5e03\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u6297\u78b0\u649e\u6027\u201d\u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u6ee1\u8db3\u5747\u5300\u5206\u5e03\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u6ee1\u8db3\u6297\u78b0\u649e\u6027\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u968f\u673a\u8f93\u5165 key \u4e0b\uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570 key % 100 \u53ef\u4ee5\u4ea7\u751f\u5747\u5300\u5206\u5e03\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u7136\u800c\u8be5\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u8fc7\u4e8e\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u540e\u4e24\u4f4d\u76f8\u7b49\u7684 key \u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u90fd\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u5730\u4ece\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u53cd\u63a8\u51fa\u53ef\u7528\u7684 key \uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u7834\u89e3\u5bc6\u7801\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_hashing/hash_algorithm/#632","title":"6.3.2 \u00a0 \u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1","text":"

    \u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9700\u8981\u8003\u8651\u8bb8\u591a\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u590d\u6742\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u7136\u800c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e9b\u8981\u6c42\u4e0d\u9ad8\u7684\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u80fd\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e00\u4e9b\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002

    • \u52a0\u6cd5\u54c8\u5e0c\uff1a\u5bf9\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u7684 ASCII \u7801\u8fdb\u884c\u76f8\u52a0\uff0c\u5c06\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u603b\u548c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u3002
    • \u4e58\u6cd5\u54c8\u5e0c\uff1a\u5229\u7528\u4e58\u6cd5\u7684\u4e0d\u76f8\u5173\u6027\uff0c\u6bcf\u8f6e\u4e58\u4ee5\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e38\u6570\uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u7684 ASCII \u7801\u7d2f\u79ef\u5230\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e2d\u3002
    • \u5f02\u6216\u54c8\u5e0c\uff1a\u5c06\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u901a\u8fc7\u5f02\u6216\u64cd\u4f5c\u7d2f\u79ef\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e2d\u3002
    • \u65cb\u8f6c\u54c8\u5e0c\uff1a\u5c06\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u7684 ASCII \u7801\u7d2f\u79ef\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u7d2f\u79ef\u4e4b\u524d\u90fd\u4f1a\u5bf9\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u8fdb\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002
    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig simple_hash.py
    def add_hash(key: str) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u52a0\u6cd5\u54c8\u5e0c\"\"\"\n    hash = 0\n    modulus = 1000000007\n    for c in key:\n        hash += ord(c)\n    return hash % modulus\n\ndef mul_hash(key: str) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u4e58\u6cd5\u54c8\u5e0c\"\"\"\n    hash = 0\n    modulus = 1000000007\n    for c in key:\n        hash = 31 * hash + ord(c)\n    return hash % modulus\n\ndef xor_hash(key: str) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u5f02\u6216\u54c8\u5e0c\"\"\"\n    hash = 0\n    modulus = 1000000007\n    for c in key:\n        hash ^= ord(c)\n    return hash % modulus\n\ndef rot_hash(key: str) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u65cb\u8f6c\u54c8\u5e0c\"\"\"\n    hash = 0\n    modulus = 1000000007\n    for c in key:\n        hash = (hash << 4) ^ (hash >> 28) ^ ord(c)\n    return hash % modulus\n
    simple_hash.cpp
    /* \u52a0\u6cd5\u54c8\u5e0c */\nint addHash(string key) {\n    long long hash = 0;\n    const int MODULUS = 1000000007;\n    for (unsigned char c : key) {\n        hash = (hash + (int)c) % MODULUS;\n    }\n    return (int)hash;\n}\n\n/* \u4e58\u6cd5\u54c8\u5e0c */\nint mulHash(string key) {\n    long long hash = 0;\n    const int MODULUS = 1000000007;\n    for (unsigned char c : key) {\n        hash = (31 * hash + (int)c) % MODULUS;\n    }\n    return (int)hash;\n}\n\n/* \u5f02\u6216\u54c8\u5e0c */\nint xorHash(string key) {\n    int hash = 0;\n    const int MODULUS = 1000000007;\n    for (unsigned char c : key) {\n        hash ^= (int)c;\n    }\n    return hash & MODULUS;\n}\n\n/* \u65cb\u8f6c\u54c8\u5e0c */\nint rotHash(string key) {\n    long long hash = 0;\n    const int MODULUS = 1000000007;\n    for (unsigned char c : key) {\n        hash = ((hash << 4) ^ (hash >> 28) ^ (int)c) % MODULUS;\n    }\n    return (int)hash;\n}\n
    simple_hash.java
    /* \u52a0\u6cd5\u54c8\u5e0c */\nint addHash(String key) {\n    long hash = 0;\n    final int MODULUS = 1000000007;\n    for (char c : key.toCharArray()) {\n        hash = (hash + (int) c) % MODULUS;\n    }\n    return (int) hash;\n}\n\n/* \u4e58\u6cd5\u54c8\u5e0c */\nint mulHash(String key) {\n    long hash = 0;\n    final int MODULUS = 1000000007;\n    for (char c : key.toCharArray()) {\n        hash = (31 * hash + (int) c) % MODULUS;\n    }\n    return (int) hash;\n}\n\n/* \u5f02\u6216\u54c8\u5e0c */\nint xorHash(String key) {\n    int hash = 0;\n    final int MODULUS = 1000000007;\n    for (char c : key.toCharArray()) {\n        hash ^= (int) c;\n    }\n    return hash & MODULUS;\n}\n\n/* \u65cb\u8f6c\u54c8\u5e0c */\nint rotHash(String key) {\n    long hash = 0;\n    final int MODULUS = 1000000007;\n    for (char c : key.toCharArray()) {\n        hash = ((hash << 4) ^ (hash >> 28) ^ (int) c) % MODULUS;\n    }\n    return (int) hash;\n}\n
    simple_hash.cs
    /* \u52a0\u6cd5\u54c8\u5e0c */\nint AddHash(string key) {\n    long hash = 0;\n    const int MODULUS = 1000000007;\n    foreach (char c in key) {\n        hash = (hash + c) % MODULUS;\n    }\n    return (int)hash;\n}\n\n/* \u4e58\u6cd5\u54c8\u5e0c */\nint MulHash(string key) {\n    long hash = 0;\n    const int MODULUS = 1000000007;\n    foreach (char c in key) {\n        hash = (31 * hash + c) % MODULUS;\n    }\n    return (int)hash;\n}\n\n/* \u5f02\u6216\u54c8\u5e0c */\nint XorHash(string key) {\n    int hash = 0;\n    const int MODULUS = 1000000007;\n    foreach (char c in key) {\n        hash ^= c;\n    }\n    return hash & MODULUS;\n}\n\n/* \u65cb\u8f6c\u54c8\u5e0c */\nint RotHash(string key) {\n    long hash = 0;\n    const int MODULUS = 1000000007;\n    foreach (char c in key) {\n        hash = ((hash << 4) ^ (hash >> 28) ^ c) % MODULUS;\n    }\n    return (int)hash;\n}\n
    simple_hash.go
    /* \u52a0\u6cd5\u54c8\u5e0c */\nfunc addHash(key string) int {\n    var hash int64\n    var modulus int64\n\n    modulus = 1000000007\n    for _, b := range []byte(key) {\n        hash = (hash + int64(b)) % modulus\n    }\n    return int(hash)\n}\n\n/* \u4e58\u6cd5\u54c8\u5e0c */\nfunc mulHash(key string) int {\n    var hash int64\n    var modulus int64\n\n    modulus = 1000000007\n    for _, b := range []byte(key) {\n        hash = (31*hash + int64(b)) % modulus\n    }\n    return int(hash)\n}\n\n/* \u5f02\u6216\u54c8\u5e0c */\nfunc xorHash(key string) int {\n    hash := 0\n    modulus := 1000000007\n    for _, b := range []byte(key) {\n        fmt.Println(int(b))\n        hash ^= int(b)\n        hash = (31*hash + int(b)) % modulus\n    }\n    return hash & modulus\n}\n\n/* \u65cb\u8f6c\u54c8\u5e0c */\nfunc rotHash(key string) int {\n    var hash int64\n    var modulus int64\n\n    modulus = 1000000007\n    for _, b := range []byte(key) {\n        hash = ((hash << 4) ^ (hash >> 28) ^ int64(b)) % modulus\n    }\n    return int(hash)\n}\n
    simple_hash.swift
    /* \u52a0\u6cd5\u54c8\u5e0c */\nfunc addHash(key: String) -> Int {\n    var hash = 0\n    let MODULUS = 1_000_000_007\n    for c in key {\n        for scalar in c.unicodeScalars {\n            hash = (hash + Int(scalar.value)) % MODULUS\n        }\n    }\n    return hash\n}\n\n/* \u4e58\u6cd5\u54c8\u5e0c */\nfunc mulHash(key: String) -> Int {\n    var hash = 0\n    let MODULUS = 1_000_000_007\n    for c in key {\n        for scalar in c.unicodeScalars {\n            hash = (31 * hash + Int(scalar.value)) % MODULUS\n        }\n    }\n    return hash\n}\n\n/* \u5f02\u6216\u54c8\u5e0c */\nfunc xorHash(key: String) -> Int {\n    var hash = 0\n    let MODULUS = 1_000_000_007\n    for c in key {\n        for scalar in c.unicodeScalars {\n            hash ^= Int(scalar.value)\n        }\n    }\n    return hash & MODULUS\n}\n\n/* \u65cb\u8f6c\u54c8\u5e0c */\nfunc rotHash(key: String) -> Int {\n    var hash = 0\n    let MODULUS = 1_000_000_007\n    for c in key {\n        for scalar in c.unicodeScalars {\n            hash = ((hash << 4) ^ (hash >> 28) ^ Int(scalar.value)) % MODULUS\n        }\n    }\n    return hash\n}\n
    simple_hash.js
    /* \u52a0\u6cd5\u54c8\u5e0c */\nfunction addHash(key) {\n    let hash = 0;\n    const MODULUS = 1000000007;\n    for (const c of key) {\n        hash = (hash + c.charCodeAt(0)) % MODULUS;\n    }\n    return hash;\n}\n\n/* \u4e58\u6cd5\u54c8\u5e0c */\nfunction mulHash(key) {\n    let hash = 0;\n    const MODULUS = 1000000007;\n    for (const c of key) {\n        hash = (31 * hash + c.charCodeAt(0)) % MODULUS;\n    }\n    return hash;\n}\n\n/* \u5f02\u6216\u54c8\u5e0c */\nfunction xorHash(key) {\n    let hash = 0;\n    const MODULUS = 1000000007;\n    for (const c of key) {\n        hash ^= c.charCodeAt(0);\n    }\n    return hash & MODULUS;\n}\n\n/* \u65cb\u8f6c\u54c8\u5e0c */\nfunction rotHash(key) {\n    let hash = 0;\n    const MODULUS = 1000000007;\n    for (const c of key) {\n        hash = ((hash << 4) ^ (hash >> 28) ^ c.charCodeAt(0)) % MODULUS;\n    }\n    return hash;\n}\n
    simple_hash.ts
    /* \u52a0\u6cd5\u54c8\u5e0c */\nfunction addHash(key: string): number {\n    let hash = 0;\n    const MODULUS = 1000000007;\n    for (const c of key) {\n        hash = (hash + c.charCodeAt(0)) % MODULUS;\n    }\n    return hash;\n}\n\n/* \u4e58\u6cd5\u54c8\u5e0c */\nfunction mulHash(key: string): number {\n    let hash = 0;\n    const MODULUS = 1000000007;\n    for (const c of key) {\n        hash = (31 * hash + c.charCodeAt(0)) % MODULUS;\n    }\n    return hash;\n}\n\n/* \u5f02\u6216\u54c8\u5e0c */\nfunction xorHash(key: string): number {\n    let hash = 0;\n    const MODULUS = 1000000007;\n    for (const c of key) {\n        hash ^= c.charCodeAt(0);\n    }\n    return hash & MODULUS;\n}\n\n/* \u65cb\u8f6c\u54c8\u5e0c */\nfunction rotHash(key: string): number {\n    let hash = 0;\n    const MODULUS = 1000000007;\n    for (const c of key) {\n        hash = ((hash << 4) ^ (hash >> 28) ^ c.charCodeAt(0)) % MODULUS;\n    }\n    return hash;\n}\n
    simple_hash.dart
    /* \u52a0\u6cd5\u54c8\u5e0c */\nint addHash(String key) {\n  int hash = 0;\n  final int MODULUS = 1000000007;\n  for (int i = 0; i < key.length; i++) {\n    hash = (hash + key.codeUnitAt(i)) % MODULUS;\n  }\n  return hash;\n}\n\n/* \u4e58\u6cd5\u54c8\u5e0c */\nint mulHash(String key) {\n  int hash = 0;\n  final int MODULUS = 1000000007;\n  for (int i = 0; i < key.length; i++) {\n    hash = (31 * hash + key.codeUnitAt(i)) % MODULUS;\n  }\n  return hash;\n}\n\n/* \u5f02\u6216\u54c8\u5e0c */\nint xorHash(String key) {\n  int hash = 0;\n  final int MODULUS = 1000000007;\n  for (int i = 0; i < key.length; i++) {\n    hash ^= key.codeUnitAt(i);\n  }\n  return hash & MODULUS;\n}\n\n/* \u65cb\u8f6c\u54c8\u5e0c */\nint rotHash(String key) {\n  int hash = 0;\n  final int MODULUS = 1000000007;\n  for (int i = 0; i < key.length; i++) {\n    hash = ((hash << 4) ^ (hash >> 28) ^ key.codeUnitAt(i)) % MODULUS;\n  }\n  return hash;\n}\n
    simple_hash.rs
    /* \u52a0\u6cd5\u54c8\u5e0c */\nfn add_hash(key: &str) -> i32 {\n    let mut hash = 0_i64;\n    const MODULUS: i64 = 1000000007;\n\n    for c in key.chars() {\n        hash = (hash + c as i64) % MODULUS;\n    }\n\n    hash as i32\n} \n\n/* \u4e58\u6cd5\u54c8\u5e0c */\nfn mul_hash(key: &str) -> i32 {\n    let mut hash = 0_i64;\n    const MODULUS: i64 = 1000000007;\n\n    for c in key.chars() {\n        hash = (31 * hash + c as i64) % MODULUS;\n    }\n\n    hash as i32\n}\n\n/* \u5f02\u6216\u54c8\u5e0c */\nfn xor_hash(key: &str) -> i32 {\n    let mut hash = 0_i64;\n    const MODULUS: i64 = 1000000007;\n\n    for c in key.chars() {\n        hash ^= c as i64;\n    }\n\n    (hash & MODULUS) as i32\n}\n\n/* \u65cb\u8f6c\u54c8\u5e0c */\nfn rot_hash(key: &str) -> i32 {\n    let mut hash = 0_i64;\n    const MODULUS: i64 = 1000000007;\n\n    for c in key.chars() {\n        hash = ((hash << 4) ^ (hash >> 28) ^ c as i64) % MODULUS;\n    }\n\n    hash as i32\n}\n
    simple_hash.c
    /* \u52a0\u6cd5\u54c8\u5e0c */\nint addHash(char *key) {\n    long long hash = 0;\n    const int MODULUS = 1000000007;\n    for (int i = 0; i < strlen(key); i++) {\n        hash = (hash + (unsigned char)key[i]) % MODULUS;\n    }\n    return (int)hash;\n}\n\n/* \u4e58\u6cd5\u54c8\u5e0c */\nint mulHash(char *key) {\n    long long hash = 0;\n    const int MODULUS = 1000000007;\n    for (int i = 0; i < strlen(key); i++) {\n        hash = (31 * hash + (unsigned char)key[i]) % MODULUS;\n    }\n    return (int)hash;\n}\n\n/* \u5f02\u6216\u54c8\u5e0c */\nint xorHash(char *key) {\n    int hash = 0;\n    const int MODULUS = 1000000007;\n\n    for (int i = 0; i < strlen(key); i++) {\n        hash ^= (unsigned char)key[i];\n    }\n    return hash & MODULUS;\n}\n\n/* \u65cb\u8f6c\u54c8\u5e0c */\nint rotHash(char *key) {\n    long long hash = 0;\n    const int MODULUS = 1000000007;\n    for (int i = 0; i < strlen(key); i++) {\n        hash = ((hash << 4) ^ (hash >> 28) ^ (unsigned char)key[i]) % MODULUS;\n    }\n\n    return (int)hash;\n}\n
    simple_hash.zig
    [class]{}-[func]{addHash}\n\n[class]{}-[func]{mulHash}\n\n[class]{}-[func]{xorHash}\n\n[class]{}-[func]{rotHash}\n

    \u89c2\u5bdf\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u6bcf\u79cd\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b65\u90fd\u662f\u5bf9\u5927\u8d28\u6570 \\(1000000007\\) \u53d6\u6a21\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u5728\u5408\u9002\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u601d\u8003\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u5f3a\u8c03\u5bf9\u8d28\u6570\u53d6\u6a21\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\u5bf9\u5408\u6570\u53d6\u6a21\u7684\u5f0a\u7aef\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002

    \u5148\u629b\u51fa\u7ed3\u8bba\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u5927\u8d28\u6570\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6a21\u6570\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6700\u5927\u5316\u5730\u4fdd\u8bc1\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u7684\u5747\u5300\u5206\u5e03\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u8d28\u6570\u4e0d\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u6570\u5b57\u5b58\u5728\u516c\u7ea6\u6570\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u56e0\u53d6\u6a21\u64cd\u4f5c\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u5468\u671f\u6027\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u907f\u514d\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\u3002

    \u4e3e\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u6570 \\(9\\) \u4f5c\u4e3a\u6a21\u6570\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab \\(3\\) \u6574\u9664\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab \\(3\\) \u6574\u9664\u7684 key \u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u6620\u5c04\u5230 \\(0\\)\u3001\\(3\\)\u3001\\(6\\) \u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u3002

    \\[ \\begin{aligned} \\text{modulus} & = 9 \\newline \\text{key} & = \\{ 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30, 33, \\dots \\} \\newline \\text{hash} & = \\{ 0, 3, 6, 0, 3, 6, 0, 3, 6, 0, 3, 6,\\dots \\} \\end{aligned} \\]

    \u5982\u679c\u8f93\u5165 key \u6070\u597d\u6ee1\u8db3\u8fd9\u79cd\u7b49\u5dee\u6570\u5217\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5206\u5e03\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u5c31\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u805a\u5806\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u52a0\u91cd\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u5047\u8bbe\u5c06 modulus \u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u8d28\u6570 \\(13\\) \uff0c\u7531\u4e8e key \u548c modulus \u4e4b\u95f4\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u516c\u7ea6\u6570\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u7684\u5747\u5300\u6027\u4f1a\u660e\u663e\u63d0\u5347\u3002

    \\[ \\begin{aligned} \\text{modulus} & = 13 \\newline \\text{key} & = \\{ 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30, 33, \\dots \\} \\newline \\text{hash} & = \\{ 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 2, 5, 8, 11, 1, 4, 7, \\dots \\} \\end{aligned} \\]

    \u503c\u5f97\u8bf4\u660e\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u80fd\u591f\u4fdd\u8bc1 key \u662f\u968f\u673a\u5747\u5300\u5206\u5e03\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u9009\u62e9\u8d28\u6570\u6216\u8005\u5408\u6570\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6a21\u6570\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u80fd\u8f93\u51fa\u5747\u5300\u5206\u5e03\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u3002\u800c\u5f53 key \u7684\u5206\u5e03\u5b58\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u5468\u671f\u6027\u65f6\uff0c\u5bf9\u5408\u6570\u53d6\u6a21\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u51fa\u73b0\u805a\u96c6\u73b0\u8c61\u3002

    \u603b\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u9009\u53d6\u8d28\u6570\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6a21\u6570\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8d28\u6570\u6700\u597d\u8db3\u591f\u5927\uff0c\u4ee5\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u6d88\u9664\u5468\u671f\u6027\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u63d0\u5347\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u7a33\u5065\u6027\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_hashing/hash_algorithm/#633","title":"6.3.3 \u00a0 \u5e38\u89c1\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5","text":"

    \u4e0d\u96be\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4ecb\u7ecd\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u90fd\u6bd4\u8f83\u201c\u8106\u5f31\u201d\uff0c\u8fdc\u8fdc\u6ca1\u6709\u8fbe\u5230\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u52a0\u6cd5\u548c\u5f02\u6216\u6ee1\u8db3\u4ea4\u6362\u5f8b\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u52a0\u6cd5\u54c8\u5e0c\u548c\u5f02\u6216\u54c8\u5e0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u533a\u5206\u5185\u5bb9\u76f8\u540c\u4f46\u987a\u5e8f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u52a0\u5267\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u5e76\u5f15\u8d77\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b89\u5168\u95ee\u9898\u3002

    \u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u7528\u4e00\u4e9b\u6807\u51c6\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 MD5\u3001SHA-1\u3001SHA-2 \u548c SHA-3 \u7b49\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u4efb\u610f\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u6620\u5c04\u5230\u6052\u5b9a\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u3002

    \u8fd1\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u5904\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u5347\u7ea7\u4e0e\u4f18\u5316\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u3002\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u52aa\u529b\u63d0\u5347\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u548c\u9ed1\u5ba2\u5219\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u5bfb\u627e\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u8868 6-2 \u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002

    • MD5 \u548c SHA-1 \u5df2\u591a\u6b21\u88ab\u6210\u529f\u653b\u51fb\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u4eec\u88ab\u5404\u7c7b\u5b89\u5168\u5e94\u7528\u5f03\u7528\u3002
    • SHA-2 \u7cfb\u5217\u4e2d\u7684 SHA-256 \u662f\u6700\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u4ecd\u672a\u51fa\u73b0\u6210\u529f\u7684\u653b\u51fb\u6848\u4f8b\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5e38\u7528\u5728\u5404\u7c7b\u5b89\u5168\u5e94\u7528\u4e0e\u534f\u8bae\u4e2d\u3002
    • SHA-3 \u76f8\u8f83 SHA-2 \u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u5f00\u9500\u66f4\u4f4e\u3001\u8ba1\u7b97\u6548\u7387\u66f4\u9ad8\uff0c\u4f46\u76ee\u524d\u4f7f\u7528\u8986\u76d6\u5ea6\u4e0d\u5982 SHA-2 \u7cfb\u5217\u3002

    \u8868 6-2 \u00a0 \u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5

    MD5 SHA-1 SHA-2 SHA-3 \u63a8\u51fa\u65f6\u95f4 1992 1995 2002 2008 \u8f93\u51fa\u957f\u5ea6 128 bit 160 bit 256/512 bit 224/256/384/512 bit \u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81 \u8f83\u591a \u8f83\u591a \u5f88\u5c11 \u5f88\u5c11 \u5b89\u5168\u7b49\u7ea7 \u4f4e\uff0c\u5df2\u88ab\u6210\u529f\u653b\u51fb \u4f4e\uff0c\u5df2\u88ab\u6210\u529f\u653b\u51fb \u9ad8 \u9ad8 \u5e94\u7528 \u5df2\u88ab\u5f03\u7528\uff0c\u4ecd\u7528\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u68c0\u67e5 \u5df2\u88ab\u5f03\u7528 \u52a0\u5bc6\u8d27\u5e01\u4ea4\u6613\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3001\u6570\u5b57\u7b7e\u540d\u7b49 \u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u66ff\u4ee3 SHA-2"},{"location":"chapter_hashing/hash_algorithm/#634","title":"6.3.4 \u00a0 \u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c","text":"

    \u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u7684 key \u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u6574\u6570\u3001\u5c0f\u6570\u6216\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7b49\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u63d0\u4f9b\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8ba1\u7b97\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\u3002\u4ee5 Python \u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8c03\u7528 hash() \u51fd\u6570\u6765\u8ba1\u7b97\u5404\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u3002

    • \u6574\u6570\u548c\u5e03\u5c14\u91cf\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u5c31\u662f\u5176\u672c\u8eab\u3002
    • \u6d6e\u70b9\u6570\u548c\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u8ba1\u7b97\u8f83\u4e3a\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u6709\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u8bfb\u8005\u8bf7\u81ea\u884c\u5b66\u4e60\u3002
    • \u5143\u7ec4\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u662f\u5bf9\u5176\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u8fdb\u884c\u54c8\u5e0c\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u7ec4\u5408\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u5355\u4e00\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u3002
    • \u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u57fa\u4e8e\u5176\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\u751f\u6210\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u91cd\u5199\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u5b9e\u73b0\u57fa\u4e8e\u5185\u5bb9\u751f\u6210\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u3002

    Tip

    \u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u5185\u7f6e\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u8ba1\u7b97\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0d\u540c\u3002

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig built_in_hash.py
    num = 3\nhash_num = hash(num)\n# \u6574\u6570 3 \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a 3\n\nbol = True\nhash_bol = hash(bol)\n# \u5e03\u5c14\u91cf True \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a 1\n\ndec = 3.14159\nhash_dec = hash(dec)\n# \u5c0f\u6570 3.14159 \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a 326484311674566659\n\nstr = \"Hello \u7b97\u6cd5\"\nhash_str = hash(str)\n# \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u201cHello \u7b97\u6cd5\u201d\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a 4617003410720528961\n\ntup = (12836, \"\u5c0f\u54c8\")\nhash_tup = hash(tup)\n# \u5143\u7ec4 (12836, '\u5c0f\u54c8') \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a 1029005403108185979\n\nobj = ListNode(0)\nhash_obj = hash(obj)\n# \u8282\u70b9\u5bf9\u8c61 <ListNode object at 0x1058fd810> \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a 274267521\n
    built_in_hash.cpp
    int num = 3;\nsize_t hashNum = hash<int>()(num);\n// \u6574\u6570 3 \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a 3\n\nbool bol = true;\nsize_t hashBol = hash<bool>()(bol);\n// \u5e03\u5c14\u91cf 1 \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a 1\n\ndouble dec = 3.14159;\nsize_t hashDec = hash<double>()(dec);\n// \u5c0f\u6570 3.14159 \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a 4614256650576692846\n\nstring str = \"Hello \u7b97\u6cd5\";\nsize_t hashStr = hash<string>()(str);\n// \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u201cHello \u7b97\u6cd5\u201d\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a 15466937326284535026\n\n// \u5728 C++ \u4e2d\uff0c\u5185\u7f6e std:hash() \u4ec5\u63d0\u4f9b\u57fa\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u8ba1\u7b97\n// \u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u8ba1\u7b97\u9700\u8981\u81ea\u884c\u5b9e\u73b0\n
    built_in_hash.java
    int num = 3;\nint hashNum = Integer.hashCode(num);\n// \u6574\u6570 3 \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a 3\n\nboolean bol = true;\nint hashBol = Boolean.hashCode(bol);\n// \u5e03\u5c14\u91cf true \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a 1231\n\ndouble dec = 3.14159;\nint hashDec = Double.hashCode(dec);\n// \u5c0f\u6570 3.14159 \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a -1340954729\n\nString str = \"Hello \u7b97\u6cd5\";\nint hashStr = str.hashCode();\n// \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u201cHello \u7b97\u6cd5\u201d\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a -727081396\n\nObject[] arr = { 12836, \"\u5c0f\u54c8\" };\nint hashTup = Arrays.hashCode(arr);\n// \u6570\u7ec4 [12836, \u5c0f\u54c8] \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a 1151158\n\nListNode obj = new ListNode(0);\nint hashObj = obj.hashCode();\n// \u8282\u70b9\u5bf9\u8c61 utils.ListNode@7dc5e7b4 \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a 2110121908\n
    built_in_hash.cs
    int num = 3;\nint hashNum = num.GetHashCode();\n// \u6574\u6570 3 \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a 3;\n\nbool bol = true;\nint hashBol = bol.GetHashCode();\n// \u5e03\u5c14\u91cf true \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a 1;\n\ndouble dec = 3.14159;\nint hashDec = dec.GetHashCode();\n// \u5c0f\u6570 3.14159 \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a -1340954729;\n\nstring str = \"Hello \u7b97\u6cd5\";\nint hashStr = str.GetHashCode();\n// \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u201cHello \u7b97\u6cd5\u201d\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a -586107568;\n\nobject[] arr = [12836, \"\u5c0f\u54c8\"];\nint hashTup = arr.GetHashCode();\n// \u6570\u7ec4 [12836, \u5c0f\u54c8] \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a 42931033;\n\nListNode obj = new(0);\nint hashObj = obj.GetHashCode();\n// \u8282\u70b9\u5bf9\u8c61 0 \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a 39053774;\n
    built_in_hash.go
    // Go \u672a\u63d0\u4f9b\u5185\u7f6e hash code \u51fd\u6570\n
    built_in_hash.swift
    let num = 3\nlet hashNum = num.hashValue\n// \u6574\u6570 3 \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a 9047044699613009734\n\nlet bol = true\nlet hashBol = bol.hashValue\n// \u5e03\u5c14\u91cf true \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a -4431640247352757451\n\nlet dec = 3.14159\nlet hashDec = dec.hashValue\n// \u5c0f\u6570 3.14159 \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a -2465384235396674631\n\nlet str = \"Hello \u7b97\u6cd5\"\nlet hashStr = str.hashValue\n// \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u201cHello \u7b97\u6cd5\u201d\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a -7850626797806988787\n\nlet arr = [AnyHashable(12836), AnyHashable(\"\u5c0f\u54c8\")]\nlet hashTup = arr.hashValue\n// \u6570\u7ec4 [AnyHashable(12836), AnyHashable(\"\u5c0f\u54c8\")] \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a -2308633508154532996\n\nlet obj = ListNode(x: 0)\nlet hashObj = obj.hashValue\n// \u8282\u70b9\u5bf9\u8c61 utils.ListNode \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a -2434780518035996159\n
    built_in_hash.js
    // JavaScript \u672a\u63d0\u4f9b\u5185\u7f6e hash code \u51fd\u6570\n
    built_in_hash.ts
    // TypeScript \u672a\u63d0\u4f9b\u5185\u7f6e hash code \u51fd\u6570\n
    built_in_hash.dart
    int num = 3;\nint hashNum = num.hashCode;\n// \u6574\u6570 3 \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a 34803\n\nbool bol = true;\nint hashBol = bol.hashCode;\n// \u5e03\u5c14\u503c true \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a 1231\n\ndouble dec = 3.14159;\nint hashDec = dec.hashCode;\n// \u5c0f\u6570 3.14159 \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a 2570631074981783\n\nString str = \"Hello \u7b97\u6cd5\";\nint hashStr = str.hashCode;\n// \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u201cHello \u7b97\u6cd5\u201d\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a 468167534\n\nList arr = [12836, \"\u5c0f\u54c8\"];\nint hashArr = arr.hashCode;\n// \u6570\u7ec4 [12836, \u5c0f\u54c8] \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a 976512528\n\nListNode obj = new ListNode(0);\nint hashObj = obj.hashCode;\n// \u8282\u70b9\u5bf9\u8c61 Instance of 'ListNode' \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a 1033450432\n
    built_in_hash.rs
    use std::collections::hash_map::DefaultHasher;\nuse std::hash::{Hash, Hasher};\n\nlet num = 3;\nlet mut num_hasher = DefaultHasher::new();\nnum.hash(&mut num_hasher);\nlet hash_num = num_hasher.finish();\n// \u6574\u6570 3 \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a 568126464209439262\n\nlet bol = true;\nlet mut bol_hasher = DefaultHasher::new();\nbol.hash(&mut bol_hasher);\nlet hash_bol = bol_hasher.finish();\n// \u5e03\u5c14\u91cf true \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a 4952851536318644461\n\nlet dec: f32 = 3.14159;\nlet mut dec_hasher = DefaultHasher::new();\ndec.to_bits().hash(&mut dec_hasher);\nlet hash_dec = dec_hasher.finish();\nprintln!(\"\u5c0f\u6570 {} \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a {}\", dec, hash_dec);\n// \u5c0f\u6570 3.14159 \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a 2566941990314602357\n\nlet str = \"Hello \u7b97\u6cd5\";\nlet mut str_hasher = DefaultHasher::new();\nstr.hash(&mut str_hasher);\nlet hash_str = str_hasher.finish();\n// \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u201cHello \u7b97\u6cd5\u201d\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a 16092673739211250988\n\nlet arr = (&12836, &\"\u5c0f\u54c8\");\nlet mut tup_hasher = DefaultHasher::new();\narr.hash(&mut tup_hasher);\nlet hash_tup = tup_hasher.finish();\n// \u5143\u7ec4 (12836, \"\u5c0f\u54c8\") \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a 1885128010422702749\n\nlet node = ListNode::new(42);\nlet mut hasher = DefaultHasher::new();\nnode.borrow().val.hash(&mut hasher);\nlet hash = hasher.finish();\n// \u8282\u70b9\u5bf9\u8c61 RefCell { value: ListNode { val: 42, next: None } } \u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e3a15387811073369036852\n
    built_in_hash.c
    // C \u672a\u63d0\u4f9b\u5185\u7f6e hash code \u51fd\u6570\n
    built_in_hash.zig
    \n

    \u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u5bf9\u8c61\u624d\u53ef\u4f5c\u4e3a\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u7684 key \u3002\u5047\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5217\u8868\uff08\u52a8\u6001\u6570\u7ec4\uff09\u4f5c\u4e3a key \uff0c\u5f53\u5217\u8868\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e5f\u968f\u4e4b\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u65e0\u6cd5\u5728\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u67e5\u8be2\u5230\u539f\u5148\u7684 value \u4e86\u3002

    \u867d\u7136\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u5bf9\u8c61\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9\uff09\u7684\u6210\u5458\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u53ef\u53d8\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u662f\u53ef\u54c8\u5e0c\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\u751f\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\u4e0d\u53d8\uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u4e0d\u53d8\u7684\u3002

    \u7ec6\u5fc3\u7684\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u73b0\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\u4e2d\u8fd0\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u65f6\uff0c\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a Python \u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u5728\u6bcf\u6b21\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\uff0c\u90fd\u4f1a\u4e3a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u52a0\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u968f\u673a\u7684\u76d0\uff08salt\uff09\u503c\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u505a\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u9632\u6b62 HashDoS \u653b\u51fb\uff0c\u63d0\u5347\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_hashing/hash_collision/","title":"6.2 \u00a0 \u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81","text":"

    \u4e0a\u4e00\u8282\u63d0\u5230\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u7a7a\u95f4\u8fdc\u5927\u4e8e\u8f93\u51fa\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u7684\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u8f93\u5165\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e3a\u5168\u4f53\u6574\u6570\uff0c\u8f93\u51fa\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u5bb9\u91cf\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u5219\u5fc5\u7136\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u6574\u6570\u6620\u5c04\u81f3\u540c\u4e00\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\u3002

    \u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u4e25\u91cd\u5f71\u54cd\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u7684\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u8be5\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6bcf\u5f53\u9047\u5230\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u8fdb\u884c\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u6269\u5bb9\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u51b2\u7a81\u6d88\u5931\u4e3a\u6b62\u3002\u6b64\u65b9\u6cd5\u7b80\u5355\u7c97\u66b4\u4e14\u6709\u6548\uff0c\u4f46\u6548\u7387\u592a\u4f4e\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u6269\u5bb9\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u6570\u636e\u642c\u8fd0\u4e0e\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u8ba1\u7b97\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u63d0\u5347\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u91c7\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7b56\u7565\u3002

    1. \u6539\u826f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u51fa\u73b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\u65f6\u6b63\u5e38\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002
    2. \u4ec5\u5728\u5fc5\u8981\u65f6\uff0c\u5373\u5f53\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e25\u91cd\u65f6\uff0c\u624d\u6267\u884c\u6269\u5bb9\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002

    \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u6539\u826f\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u62ec\u201c\u94fe\u5f0f\u5730\u5740\u201d\u548c\u201c\u5f00\u653e\u5bfb\u5740\u201d\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_hashing/hash_collision/#621","title":"6.2.1 \u00a0 \u94fe\u5f0f\u5730\u5740","text":"

    \u5728\u539f\u59cb\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6876\u4ec5\u80fd\u5b58\u50a8\u4e00\u4e2a\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u3002\u300c\u94fe\u5f0f\u5730\u5740 separate chaining\u300d\u5c06\u5355\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u94fe\u8868\uff0c\u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u4f5c\u4e3a\u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u53d1\u751f\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u90fd\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u3002\u56fe 6-5 \u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u94fe\u5f0f\u5730\u5740\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002

    \u56fe 6-5 \u00a0 \u94fe\u5f0f\u5730\u5740\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868

    \u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u5f0f\u5730\u5740\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u65b9\u6cd5\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u4ee5\u4e0b\u53d8\u5316\u3002

    • \u67e5\u8be2\u5143\u7d20\uff1a\u8f93\u5165 key \uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u5f97\u5230\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u5373\u53ef\u8bbf\u95ee\u94fe\u8868\u5934\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u904d\u5386\u94fe\u8868\u5e76\u5bf9\u6bd4 key \u4ee5\u67e5\u627e\u76ee\u6807\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u3002
    • \u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20\uff1a\u9996\u5148\u901a\u8fc7\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u8bbf\u95ee\u94fe\u8868\u5934\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c06\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\uff09\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u3002
    • \u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20\uff1a\u6839\u636e\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u8bbf\u95ee\u94fe\u8868\u5934\u90e8\uff0c\u63a5\u7740\u904d\u5386\u94fe\u8868\u4ee5\u67e5\u627e\u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u5220\u9664\u3002

    \u94fe\u5f0f\u5730\u5740\u5b58\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5c40\u9650\u6027\u3002

    • \u5360\u7528\u7a7a\u95f4\u589e\u5927\uff1a\u94fe\u8868\u5305\u542b\u8282\u70b9\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u5b83\u76f8\u6bd4\u6570\u7ec4\u66f4\u52a0\u8017\u8d39\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002
    • \u67e5\u8be2\u6548\u7387\u964d\u4f4e\uff1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u9700\u8981\u7ebf\u6027\u904d\u5386\u94fe\u8868\u6765\u67e5\u627e\u5bf9\u5e94\u5143\u7d20\u3002

    \u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u94fe\u5f0f\u5730\u5740\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u4e24\u70b9\u3002

    • \u4f7f\u7528\u5217\u8868\uff08\u52a8\u6001\u6570\u7ec4\uff09\u4ee3\u66ff\u94fe\u8868\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u7b80\u5316\u4ee3\u7801\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bbe\u5b9a\u4e0b\uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff08\u6570\u7ec4\uff09\u5305\u542b\u591a\u4e2a\u6876\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6876\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5217\u8868\u3002
    • \u4ee5\u4e0b\u5b9e\u73b0\u5305\u542b\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u6269\u5bb9\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5f53\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u8d85\u8fc7 \\(\\frac{2}{3}\\) \u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u6269\u5bb9\u81f3\u539f\u5148\u7684 \\(2\\) \u500d\u3002
    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig hash_map_chaining.py
    class HashMapChaining:\n    \"\"\"\u94fe\u5f0f\u5730\u5740\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\"\"\"\n\n    def __init__(self):\n        \"\"\"\u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5\"\"\"\n        self.size = 0  # \u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6570\u91cf\n        self.capacity = 4  # \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\n        self.load_thres = 2.0 / 3.0  # \u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u9608\u503c\n        self.extend_ratio = 2  # \u6269\u5bb9\u500d\u6570\n        self.buckets = [[] for _ in range(self.capacity)]  # \u6876\u6570\u7ec4\n\n    def hash_func(self, key: int) -> int:\n        \"\"\"\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\"\"\"\n        return key % self.capacity\n\n    def load_factor(self) -> float:\n        \"\"\"\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\"\"\"\n        return self.size / self.capacity\n\n    def get(self, key: int) -> str | None:\n        \"\"\"\u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c\"\"\"\n        index = self.hash_func(key)\n        bucket = self.buckets[index]\n        # \u904d\u5386\u6876\uff0c\u82e5\u627e\u5230 key \uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5bf9\u5e94 val\n        for pair in bucket:\n            if pair.key == key:\n                return pair.val\n        # \u82e5\u672a\u627e\u5230 key \uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de None\n        return None\n\n    def put(self, key: int, val: str):\n        \"\"\"\u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c\"\"\"\n        # \u5f53\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u8d85\u8fc7\u9608\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u6269\u5bb9\n        if self.load_factor() > self.load_thres:\n            self.extend()\n        index = self.hash_func(key)\n        bucket = self.buckets[index]\n        # \u904d\u5386\u6876\uff0c\u82e5\u9047\u5230\u6307\u5b9a key \uff0c\u5219\u66f4\u65b0\u5bf9\u5e94 val \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\n        for pair in bucket:\n            if pair.key == key:\n                pair.val = val\n                return\n        # \u82e5\u65e0\u8be5 key \uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u5c3e\u90e8\n        pair = Pair(key, val)\n        bucket.append(pair)\n        self.size += 1\n\n    def remove(self, key: int):\n        \"\"\"\u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c\"\"\"\n        index = self.hash_func(key)\n        bucket = self.buckets[index]\n        # \u904d\u5386\u6876\uff0c\u4ece\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\n        for pair in bucket:\n            if pair.key == key:\n                bucket.remove(pair)\n                self.size -= 1\n                break\n\n    def extend(self):\n        \"\"\"\u6269\u5bb9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\"\"\"\n        # \u6682\u5b58\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n        buckets = self.buckets\n        # \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6269\u5bb9\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n        self.capacity *= self.extend_ratio\n        self.buckets = [[] for _ in range(self.capacity)]\n        self.size = 0\n        # \u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u4ece\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u642c\u8fd0\u81f3\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n        for bucket in buckets:\n            for pair in bucket:\n                self.put(pair.key, pair.val)\n\n    def print(self):\n        \"\"\"\u6253\u5370\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\"\"\"\n        for bucket in self.buckets:\n            res = []\n            for pair in bucket:\n                res.append(str(pair.key) + \" -> \" + pair.val)\n            print(res)\n
    hash_map_chaining.cpp
    /* \u94fe\u5f0f\u5730\u5740\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nclass HashMapChaining {\n  private:\n    int size;                       // \u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6570\u91cf\n    int capacity;                   // \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\n    double loadThres;               // \u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u9608\u503c\n    int extendRatio;                // \u6269\u5bb9\u500d\u6570\n    vector<vector<Pair *>> buckets; // \u6876\u6570\u7ec4\n\n  public:\n    /* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\n    HashMapChaining() : size(0), capacity(4), loadThres(2.0 / 3.0), extendRatio(2) {\n        buckets.resize(capacity);\n    }\n\n    /* \u6790\u6784\u65b9\u6cd5 */\n    ~HashMapChaining() {\n        for (auto &bucket : buckets) {\n            for (Pair *pair : bucket) {\n                // \u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\n                delete pair;\n            }\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570 */\n    int hashFunc(int key) {\n        return key % capacity;\n    }\n\n    /* \u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50 */\n    double loadFactor() {\n        return (double)size / (double)capacity;\n    }\n\n    /* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    string get(int key) {\n        int index = hashFunc(key);\n        // \u904d\u5386\u6876\uff0c\u82e5\u627e\u5230 key \uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5bf9\u5e94 val\n        for (Pair *pair : buckets[index]) {\n            if (pair->key == key) {\n                return pair->val;\n            }\n        }\n        // \u82e5\u672a\u627e\u5230 key \uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\n        return \"\";\n    }\n\n    /* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    void put(int key, string val) {\n        // \u5f53\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u8d85\u8fc7\u9608\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u6269\u5bb9\n        if (loadFactor() > loadThres) {\n            extend();\n        }\n        int index = hashFunc(key);\n        // \u904d\u5386\u6876\uff0c\u82e5\u9047\u5230\u6307\u5b9a key \uff0c\u5219\u66f4\u65b0\u5bf9\u5e94 val \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\n        for (Pair *pair : buckets[index]) {\n            if (pair->key == key) {\n                pair->val = val;\n                return;\n            }\n        }\n        // \u82e5\u65e0\u8be5 key \uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u5c3e\u90e8\n        buckets[index].push_back(new Pair(key, val));\n        size++;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    void remove(int key) {\n        int index = hashFunc(key);\n        auto &bucket = buckets[index];\n        // \u904d\u5386\u6876\uff0c\u4ece\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\n        for (int i = 0; i < bucket.size(); i++) {\n            if (bucket[i]->key == key) {\n                Pair *tmp = bucket[i];\n                bucket.erase(bucket.begin() + i); // \u4ece\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\n                delete tmp;                       // \u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\n                size--;\n                return;\n            }\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u6269\u5bb9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\n    void extend() {\n        // \u6682\u5b58\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n        vector<vector<Pair *>> bucketsTmp = buckets;\n        // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6269\u5bb9\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n        capacity *= extendRatio;\n        buckets.clear();\n        buckets.resize(capacity);\n        size = 0;\n        // \u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u4ece\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u642c\u8fd0\u81f3\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n        for (auto &bucket : bucketsTmp) {\n            for (Pair *pair : bucket) {\n                put(pair->key, pair->val);\n                // \u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\n                delete pair;\n            }\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u6253\u5370\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\n    void print() {\n        for (auto &bucket : buckets) {\n            cout << \"[\";\n            for (Pair *pair : bucket) {\n                cout << pair->key << \" -> \" << pair->val << \", \";\n            }\n            cout << \"]\\n\";\n        }\n    }\n};\n
    hash_map_chaining.java
    /* \u94fe\u5f0f\u5730\u5740\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nclass HashMapChaining {\n    int size; // \u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6570\u91cf\n    int capacity; // \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\n    double loadThres; // \u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u9608\u503c\n    int extendRatio; // \u6269\u5bb9\u500d\u6570\n    List<List<Pair>> buckets; // \u6876\u6570\u7ec4\n\n    /* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\n    public HashMapChaining() {\n        size = 0;\n        capacity = 4;\n        loadThres = 2.0 / 3.0;\n        extendRatio = 2;\n        buckets = new ArrayList<>(capacity);\n        for (int i = 0; i < capacity; i++) {\n            buckets.add(new ArrayList<>());\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570 */\n    int hashFunc(int key) {\n        return key % capacity;\n    }\n\n    /* \u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50 */\n    double loadFactor() {\n        return (double) size / capacity;\n    }\n\n    /* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    String get(int key) {\n        int index = hashFunc(key);\n        List<Pair> bucket = buckets.get(index);\n        // \u904d\u5386\u6876\uff0c\u82e5\u627e\u5230 key \uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5bf9\u5e94 val\n        for (Pair pair : bucket) {\n            if (pair.key == key) {\n                return pair.val;\n            }\n        }\n        // \u82e5\u672a\u627e\u5230 key \uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de null\n        return null;\n    }\n\n    /* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    void put(int key, String val) {\n        // \u5f53\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u8d85\u8fc7\u9608\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u6269\u5bb9\n        if (loadFactor() > loadThres) {\n            extend();\n        }\n        int index = hashFunc(key);\n        List<Pair> bucket = buckets.get(index);\n        // \u904d\u5386\u6876\uff0c\u82e5\u9047\u5230\u6307\u5b9a key \uff0c\u5219\u66f4\u65b0\u5bf9\u5e94 val \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\n        for (Pair pair : bucket) {\n            if (pair.key == key) {\n                pair.val = val;\n                return;\n            }\n        }\n        // \u82e5\u65e0\u8be5 key \uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u5c3e\u90e8\n        Pair pair = new Pair(key, val);\n        bucket.add(pair);\n        size++;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    void remove(int key) {\n        int index = hashFunc(key);\n        List<Pair> bucket = buckets.get(index);\n        // \u904d\u5386\u6876\uff0c\u4ece\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\n        for (Pair pair : bucket) {\n            if (pair.key == key) {\n                bucket.remove(pair);\n                size--;\n                break;\n            }\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u6269\u5bb9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\n    void extend() {\n        // \u6682\u5b58\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n        List<List<Pair>> bucketsTmp = buckets;\n        // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6269\u5bb9\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n        capacity *= extendRatio;\n        buckets = new ArrayList<>(capacity);\n        for (int i = 0; i < capacity; i++) {\n            buckets.add(new ArrayList<>());\n        }\n        size = 0;\n        // \u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u4ece\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u642c\u8fd0\u81f3\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n        for (List<Pair> bucket : bucketsTmp) {\n            for (Pair pair : bucket) {\n                put(pair.key, pair.val);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u6253\u5370\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\n    void print() {\n        for (List<Pair> bucket : buckets) {\n            List<String> res = new ArrayList<>();\n            for (Pair pair : bucket) {\n                res.add(pair.key + \" -> \" + pair.val);\n            }\n            System.out.println(res);\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    hash_map_chaining.cs
    /* \u94fe\u5f0f\u5730\u5740\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nclass HashMapChaining {\n    int size; // \u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6570\u91cf\n    int capacity; // \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\n    double loadThres; // \u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u9608\u503c\n    int extendRatio; // \u6269\u5bb9\u500d\u6570\n    List<List<Pair>> buckets; // \u6876\u6570\u7ec4\n\n    /* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\n    public HashMapChaining() {\n        size = 0;\n        capacity = 4;\n        loadThres = 2.0 / 3.0;\n        extendRatio = 2;\n        buckets = new List<List<Pair>>(capacity);\n        for (int i = 0; i < capacity; i++) {\n            buckets.Add([]);\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570 */\n    int HashFunc(int key) {\n        return key % capacity;\n    }\n\n    /* \u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50 */\n    double LoadFactor() {\n        return (double)size / capacity;\n    }\n\n    /* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    public string? Get(int key) {\n        int index = HashFunc(key);\n        // \u904d\u5386\u6876\uff0c\u82e5\u627e\u5230 key \uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5bf9\u5e94 val\n        foreach (Pair pair in buckets[index]) {\n            if (pair.key == key) {\n                return pair.val;\n            }\n        }\n        // \u82e5\u672a\u627e\u5230 key \uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de null\n        return null;\n    }\n\n    /* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    public void Put(int key, string val) {\n        // \u5f53\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u8d85\u8fc7\u9608\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u6269\u5bb9\n        if (LoadFactor() > loadThres) {\n            Extend();\n        }\n        int index = HashFunc(key);\n        // \u904d\u5386\u6876\uff0c\u82e5\u9047\u5230\u6307\u5b9a key \uff0c\u5219\u66f4\u65b0\u5bf9\u5e94 val \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\n        foreach (Pair pair in buckets[index]) {\n            if (pair.key == key) {\n                pair.val = val;\n                return;\n            }\n        }\n        // \u82e5\u65e0\u8be5 key \uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u5c3e\u90e8\n        buckets[index].Add(new Pair(key, val));\n        size++;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    public void Remove(int key) {\n        int index = HashFunc(key);\n        // \u904d\u5386\u6876\uff0c\u4ece\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\n        foreach (Pair pair in buckets[index].ToList()) {\n            if (pair.key == key) {\n                buckets[index].Remove(pair);\n                size--;\n                break;\n            }\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u6269\u5bb9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\n    void Extend() {\n        // \u6682\u5b58\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n        List<List<Pair>> bucketsTmp = buckets;\n        // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6269\u5bb9\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n        capacity *= extendRatio;\n        buckets = new List<List<Pair>>(capacity);\n        for (int i = 0; i < capacity; i++) {\n            buckets.Add([]);\n        }\n        size = 0;\n        // \u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u4ece\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u642c\u8fd0\u81f3\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n        foreach (List<Pair> bucket in bucketsTmp) {\n            foreach (Pair pair in bucket) {\n                Put(pair.key, pair.val);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u6253\u5370\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\n    public void Print() {\n        foreach (List<Pair> bucket in buckets) {\n            List<string> res = [];\n            foreach (Pair pair in bucket) {\n                res.Add(pair.key + \" -> \" + pair.val);\n            }\n            foreach (string kv in res) {\n                Console.WriteLine(kv);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    hash_map_chaining.go
    /* \u94fe\u5f0f\u5730\u5740\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\ntype hashMapChaining struct {\n    size        int      // \u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6570\u91cf\n    capacity    int      // \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\n    loadThres   float64  // \u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u9608\u503c\n    extendRatio int      // \u6269\u5bb9\u500d\u6570\n    buckets     [][]pair // \u6876\u6570\u7ec4\n}\n\n/* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\nfunc newHashMapChaining() *hashMapChaining {\n    buckets := make([][]pair, 4)\n    for i := 0; i < 4; i++ {\n        buckets[i] = make([]pair, 0)\n    }\n    return &hashMapChaining{\n        size:        0,\n        capacity:    4,\n        loadThres:   2.0 / 3.0,\n        extendRatio: 2,\n        buckets:     buckets,\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570 */\nfunc (m *hashMapChaining) hashFunc(key int) int {\n    return key % m.capacity\n}\n\n/* \u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50 */\nfunc (m *hashMapChaining) loadFactor() float64 {\n    return float64(m.size) / float64(m.capacity)\n}\n\n/* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\nfunc (m *hashMapChaining) get(key int) string {\n    idx := m.hashFunc(key)\n    bucket := m.buckets[idx]\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6876\uff0c\u82e5\u627e\u5230 key \uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5bf9\u5e94 val\n    for _, p := range bucket {\n        if p.key == key {\n            return p.val\n        }\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u672a\u627e\u5230 key \uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\n    return \"\"\n}\n\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\nfunc (m *hashMapChaining) put(key int, val string) {\n    // \u5f53\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u8d85\u8fc7\u9608\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u6269\u5bb9\n    if m.loadFactor() > m.loadThres {\n        m.extend()\n    }\n    idx := m.hashFunc(key)\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6876\uff0c\u82e5\u9047\u5230\u6307\u5b9a key \uff0c\u5219\u66f4\u65b0\u5bf9\u5e94 val \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\n    for i := range m.buckets[idx] {\n        if m.buckets[idx][i].key == key {\n            m.buckets[idx][i].val = val\n            return\n        }\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u65e0\u8be5 key \uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u5c3e\u90e8\n    p := pair{\n        key: key,\n        val: val,\n    }\n    m.buckets[idx] = append(m.buckets[idx], p)\n    m.size += 1\n}\n\n/* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\nfunc (m *hashMapChaining) remove(key int) {\n    idx := m.hashFunc(key)\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6876\uff0c\u4ece\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\n    for i, p := range m.buckets[idx] {\n        if p.key == key {\n            // \u5207\u7247\u5220\u9664\n            m.buckets[idx] = append(m.buckets[idx][:i], m.buckets[idx][i+1:]...)\n            m.size -= 1\n            break\n        }\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u6269\u5bb9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nfunc (m *hashMapChaining) extend() {\n    // \u6682\u5b58\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n    tmpBuckets := make([][]pair, len(m.buckets))\n    for i := 0; i < len(m.buckets); i++ {\n        tmpBuckets[i] = make([]pair, len(m.buckets[i]))\n        copy(tmpBuckets[i], m.buckets[i])\n    }\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6269\u5bb9\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n    m.capacity *= m.extendRatio\n    m.buckets = make([][]pair, m.capacity)\n    for i := 0; i < m.capacity; i++ {\n        m.buckets[i] = make([]pair, 0)\n    }\n    m.size = 0\n    // \u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u4ece\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u642c\u8fd0\u81f3\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n    for _, bucket := range tmpBuckets {\n        for _, p := range bucket {\n            m.put(p.key, p.val)\n        }\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u6253\u5370\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nfunc (m *hashMapChaining) print() {\n    var builder strings.Builder\n\n    for _, bucket := range m.buckets {\n        builder.WriteString(\"[\")\n        for _, p := range bucket {\n            builder.WriteString(strconv.Itoa(p.key) + \" -> \" + p.val + \" \")\n        }\n        builder.WriteString(\"]\")\n        fmt.Println(builder.String())\n        builder.Reset()\n    }\n}\n
    hash_map_chaining.swift
    /* \u94fe\u5f0f\u5730\u5740\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nclass HashMapChaining {\n    var size: Int // \u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6570\u91cf\n    var capacity: Int // \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\n    var loadThres: Double // \u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u9608\u503c\n    var extendRatio: Int // \u6269\u5bb9\u500d\u6570\n    var buckets: [[Pair]] // \u6876\u6570\u7ec4\n\n    /* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\n    init() {\n        size = 0\n        capacity = 4\n        loadThres = 2.0 / 3.0\n        extendRatio = 2\n        buckets = Array(repeating: [], count: capacity)\n    }\n\n    /* \u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570 */\n    func hashFunc(key: Int) -> Int {\n        key % capacity\n    }\n\n    /* \u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50 */\n    func loadFactor() -> Double {\n        Double(size / capacity)\n    }\n\n    /* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    func get(key: Int) -> String? {\n        let index = hashFunc(key: key)\n        let bucket = buckets[index]\n        // \u904d\u5386\u6876\uff0c\u82e5\u627e\u5230 key \uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5bf9\u5e94 val\n        for pair in bucket {\n            if pair.key == key {\n                return pair.val\n            }\n        }\n        // \u82e5\u672a\u627e\u5230 key \uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de nil\n        return nil\n    }\n\n    /* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    func put(key: Int, val: String) {\n        // \u5f53\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u8d85\u8fc7\u9608\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u6269\u5bb9\n        if loadFactor() > loadThres {\n            extend()\n        }\n        let index = hashFunc(key: key)\n        let bucket = buckets[index]\n        // \u904d\u5386\u6876\uff0c\u82e5\u9047\u5230\u6307\u5b9a key \uff0c\u5219\u66f4\u65b0\u5bf9\u5e94 val \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\n        for pair in bucket {\n            if pair.key == key {\n                pair.val = val\n                return\n            }\n        }\n        // \u82e5\u65e0\u8be5 key \uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u5c3e\u90e8\n        let pair = Pair(key: key, val: val)\n        buckets[index].append(pair)\n        size += 1\n    }\n\n    /* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    func remove(key: Int) {\n        let index = hashFunc(key: key)\n        let bucket = buckets[index]\n        // \u904d\u5386\u6876\uff0c\u4ece\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\n        for (pairIndex, pair) in bucket.enumerated() {\n            if pair.key == key {\n                buckets[index].remove(at: pairIndex)\n            }\n        }\n        size -= 1\n    }\n\n    /* \u6269\u5bb9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\n    func extend() {\n        // \u6682\u5b58\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n        let bucketsTmp = buckets\n        // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6269\u5bb9\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n        capacity *= extendRatio\n        buckets = Array(repeating: [], count: capacity)\n        size = 0\n        // \u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u4ece\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u642c\u8fd0\u81f3\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n        for bucket in bucketsTmp {\n            for pair in bucket {\n                put(key: pair.key, val: pair.val)\n            }\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u6253\u5370\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\n    func print() {\n        for bucket in buckets {\n            let res = bucket.map { \"\\($0.key) -> \\($0.val)\" }\n            Swift.print(res)\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    hash_map_chaining.js
    /* \u94fe\u5f0f\u5730\u5740\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nclass HashMapChaining {\n    #size; // \u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6570\u91cf\n    #capacity; // \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\n    #loadThres; // \u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u9608\u503c\n    #extendRatio; // \u6269\u5bb9\u500d\u6570\n    #buckets; // \u6876\u6570\u7ec4\n\n    /* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\n    constructor() {\n        this.#size = 0;\n        this.#capacity = 4;\n        this.#loadThres = 2.0 / 3.0;\n        this.#extendRatio = 2;\n        this.#buckets = new Array(this.#capacity).fill(null).map((x) => []);\n    }\n\n    /* \u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570 */\n    #hashFunc(key) {\n        return key % this.#capacity;\n    }\n\n    /* \u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50 */\n    #loadFactor() {\n        return this.#size / this.#capacity;\n    }\n\n    /* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    get(key) {\n        const index = this.#hashFunc(key);\n        const bucket = this.#buckets[index];\n        // \u904d\u5386\u6876\uff0c\u82e5\u627e\u5230 key \uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5bf9\u5e94 val\n        for (const pair of bucket) {\n            if (pair.key === key) {\n                return pair.val;\n            }\n        }\n        // \u82e5\u672a\u627e\u5230 key \uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de null\n        return null;\n    }\n\n    /* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    put(key, val) {\n        // \u5f53\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u8d85\u8fc7\u9608\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u6269\u5bb9\n        if (this.#loadFactor() > this.#loadThres) {\n            this.#extend();\n        }\n        const index = this.#hashFunc(key);\n        const bucket = this.#buckets[index];\n        // \u904d\u5386\u6876\uff0c\u82e5\u9047\u5230\u6307\u5b9a key \uff0c\u5219\u66f4\u65b0\u5bf9\u5e94 val \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\n        for (const pair of bucket) {\n            if (pair.key === key) {\n                pair.val = val;\n                return;\n            }\n        }\n        // \u82e5\u65e0\u8be5 key \uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u5c3e\u90e8\n        const pair = new Pair(key, val);\n        bucket.push(pair);\n        this.#size++;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    remove(key) {\n        const index = this.#hashFunc(key);\n        let bucket = this.#buckets[index];\n        // \u904d\u5386\u6876\uff0c\u4ece\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\n        for (let i = 0; i < bucket.length; i++) {\n            if (bucket[i].key === key) {\n                bucket.splice(i, 1);\n                this.#size--;\n                break;\n            }\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u6269\u5bb9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\n    #extend() {\n        // \u6682\u5b58\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n        const bucketsTmp = this.#buckets;\n        // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6269\u5bb9\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n        this.#capacity *= this.#extendRatio;\n        this.#buckets = new Array(this.#capacity).fill(null).map((x) => []);\n        this.#size = 0;\n        // \u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u4ece\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u642c\u8fd0\u81f3\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n        for (const bucket of bucketsTmp) {\n            for (const pair of bucket) {\n                this.put(pair.key, pair.val);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u6253\u5370\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\n    print() {\n        for (const bucket of this.#buckets) {\n            let res = [];\n            for (const pair of bucket) {\n                res.push(pair.key + ' -> ' + pair.val);\n            }\n            console.log(res);\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    hash_map_chaining.ts
    /* \u94fe\u5f0f\u5730\u5740\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nclass HashMapChaining {\n    #size: number; // \u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6570\u91cf\n    #capacity: number; // \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\n    #loadThres: number; // \u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u9608\u503c\n    #extendRatio: number; // \u6269\u5bb9\u500d\u6570\n    #buckets: Pair[][]; // \u6876\u6570\u7ec4\n\n    /* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\n    constructor() {\n        this.#size = 0;\n        this.#capacity = 4;\n        this.#loadThres = 2.0 / 3.0;\n        this.#extendRatio = 2;\n        this.#buckets = new Array(this.#capacity).fill(null).map((x) => []);\n    }\n\n    /* \u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570 */\n    #hashFunc(key: number): number {\n        return key % this.#capacity;\n    }\n\n    /* \u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50 */\n    #loadFactor(): number {\n        return this.#size / this.#capacity;\n    }\n\n    /* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    get(key: number): string | null {\n        const index = this.#hashFunc(key);\n        const bucket = this.#buckets[index];\n        // \u904d\u5386\u6876\uff0c\u82e5\u627e\u5230 key \uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5bf9\u5e94 val\n        for (const pair of bucket) {\n            if (pair.key === key) {\n                return pair.val;\n            }\n        }\n        // \u82e5\u672a\u627e\u5230 key \uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de null\n        return null;\n    }\n\n    /* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    put(key: number, val: string): void {\n        // \u5f53\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u8d85\u8fc7\u9608\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u6269\u5bb9\n        if (this.#loadFactor() > this.#loadThres) {\n            this.#extend();\n        }\n        const index = this.#hashFunc(key);\n        const bucket = this.#buckets[index];\n        // \u904d\u5386\u6876\uff0c\u82e5\u9047\u5230\u6307\u5b9a key \uff0c\u5219\u66f4\u65b0\u5bf9\u5e94 val \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\n        for (const pair of bucket) {\n            if (pair.key === key) {\n                pair.val = val;\n                return;\n            }\n        }\n        // \u82e5\u65e0\u8be5 key \uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u5c3e\u90e8\n        const pair = new Pair(key, val);\n        bucket.push(pair);\n        this.#size++;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    remove(key: number): void {\n        const index = this.#hashFunc(key);\n        let bucket = this.#buckets[index];\n        // \u904d\u5386\u6876\uff0c\u4ece\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\n        for (let i = 0; i < bucket.length; i++) {\n            if (bucket[i].key === key) {\n                bucket.splice(i, 1);\n                this.#size--;\n                break;\n            }\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u6269\u5bb9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\n    #extend(): void {\n        // \u6682\u5b58\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n        const bucketsTmp = this.#buckets;\n        // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6269\u5bb9\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n        this.#capacity *= this.#extendRatio;\n        this.#buckets = new Array(this.#capacity).fill(null).map((x) => []);\n        this.#size = 0;\n        // \u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u4ece\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u642c\u8fd0\u81f3\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n        for (const bucket of bucketsTmp) {\n            for (const pair of bucket) {\n                this.put(pair.key, pair.val);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u6253\u5370\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\n    print(): void {\n        for (const bucket of this.#buckets) {\n            let res = [];\n            for (const pair of bucket) {\n                res.push(pair.key + ' -> ' + pair.val);\n            }\n            console.log(res);\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    hash_map_chaining.dart
    /* \u94fe\u5f0f\u5730\u5740\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nclass HashMapChaining {\n  late int size; // \u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6570\u91cf\n  late int capacity; // \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\n  late double loadThres; // \u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u9608\u503c\n  late int extendRatio; // \u6269\u5bb9\u500d\u6570\n  late List<List<Pair>> buckets; // \u6876\u6570\u7ec4\n\n  /* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\n  HashMapChaining() {\n    size = 0;\n    capacity = 4;\n    loadThres = 2.0 / 3.0;\n    extendRatio = 2;\n    buckets = List.generate(capacity, (_) => []);\n  }\n\n  /* \u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570 */\n  int hashFunc(int key) {\n    return key % capacity;\n  }\n\n  /* \u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50 */\n  double loadFactor() {\n    return size / capacity;\n  }\n\n  /* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\n  String? get(int key) {\n    int index = hashFunc(key);\n    List<Pair> bucket = buckets[index];\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6876\uff0c\u82e5\u627e\u5230 key \uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5bf9\u5e94 val\n    for (Pair pair in bucket) {\n      if (pair.key == key) {\n        return pair.val;\n      }\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u672a\u627e\u5230 key \uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de null\n    return null;\n  }\n\n  /* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\n  void put(int key, String val) {\n    // \u5f53\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u8d85\u8fc7\u9608\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u6269\u5bb9\n    if (loadFactor() > loadThres) {\n      extend();\n    }\n    int index = hashFunc(key);\n    List<Pair> bucket = buckets[index];\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6876\uff0c\u82e5\u9047\u5230\u6307\u5b9a key \uff0c\u5219\u66f4\u65b0\u5bf9\u5e94 val \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\n    for (Pair pair in bucket) {\n      if (pair.key == key) {\n        pair.val = val;\n        return;\n      }\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u65e0\u8be5 key \uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u5c3e\u90e8\n    Pair pair = Pair(key, val);\n    bucket.add(pair);\n    size++;\n  }\n\n  /* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\n  void remove(int key) {\n    int index = hashFunc(key);\n    List<Pair> bucket = buckets[index];\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6876\uff0c\u4ece\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\n    for (Pair pair in bucket) {\n      if (pair.key == key) {\n        bucket.remove(pair);\n        size--;\n        break;\n      }\n    }\n  }\n\n  /* \u6269\u5bb9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\n  void extend() {\n    // \u6682\u5b58\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n    List<List<Pair>> bucketsTmp = buckets;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6269\u5bb9\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n    capacity *= extendRatio;\n    buckets = List.generate(capacity, (_) => []);\n    size = 0;\n    // \u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u4ece\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u642c\u8fd0\u81f3\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n    for (List<Pair> bucket in bucketsTmp) {\n      for (Pair pair in bucket) {\n        put(pair.key, pair.val);\n      }\n    }\n  }\n\n  /* \u6253\u5370\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\n  void printHashMap() {\n    for (List<Pair> bucket in buckets) {\n      List<String> res = [];\n      for (Pair pair in bucket) {\n        res.add(\"${pair.key} -> ${pair.val}\");\n      }\n      print(res);\n    }\n  }\n}\n
    hash_map_chaining.rs
    /* \u94fe\u5f0f\u5730\u5740\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nstruct HashMapChaining {\n    size: i32,\n    capacity: i32,\n    load_thres: f32,\n    extend_ratio: i32,\n    buckets: Vec<Vec<Pair>>,\n}\n\nimpl HashMapChaining {\n    /* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\n    fn new() -> Self {\n        Self {\n            size: 0,\n            capacity: 4,\n            load_thres: 2.0 / 3.0,\n            extend_ratio: 2,\n            buckets: vec![vec![]; 4],\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570 */\n    fn hash_func(&self, key: i32) -> usize {\n        key as usize % self.capacity as usize\n    }\n\n    /* \u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50 */\n    fn load_factor(&self) -> f32 {\n        self.size as f32 / self.capacity as f32\n    }\n\n    /* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    fn remove(&mut self, key: i32) -> Option<String> {\n        let index = self.hash_func(key);\n        let bucket = &mut self.buckets[index];\n\n        // \u904d\u5386\u6876\uff0c\u4ece\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\n        for i in 0..bucket.len() {\n            if bucket[i].key == key {\n                let pair = bucket.remove(i);\n                self.size -= 1;\n                return Some(pair.val);\n            }\n        }\n\n        // \u82e5\u672a\u627e\u5230 key \uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de None\n        None\n    }\n\n    /* \u6269\u5bb9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\n    fn extend(&mut self) {\n        // \u6682\u5b58\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n        let buckets_tmp = std::mem::replace(&mut self.buckets, vec![]);\n\n        // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6269\u5bb9\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n        self.capacity *= self.extend_ratio;\n        self.buckets = vec![Vec::new(); self.capacity as usize];\n        self.size = 0;\n\n        // \u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u4ece\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u642c\u8fd0\u81f3\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n        for bucket in buckets_tmp {\n            for pair in bucket {\n                self.put(pair.key, pair.val);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u6253\u5370\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\n    fn print(&self) {\n        for bucket in &self.buckets {\n            let mut res = Vec::new();\n            for pair in bucket {\n                res.push(format!(\"{} -> {}\", pair.key, pair.val));\n            }\n            println!(\"{:?}\", res);\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    fn put(&mut self, key: i32, val: String) {\n        // \u5f53\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u8d85\u8fc7\u9608\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u6269\u5bb9\n        if self.load_factor() > self.load_thres {\n            self.extend();\n        }\n\n        let index = self.hash_func(key);\n        let bucket = &mut self.buckets[index];\n\n        // \u904d\u5386\u6876\uff0c\u82e5\u9047\u5230\u6307\u5b9a key \uff0c\u5219\u66f4\u65b0\u5bf9\u5e94 val \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\n        for pair in bucket {\n            if pair.key == key {\n                pair.val = val.clone();\n                return;\n            }\n        }\n        let bucket = &mut self.buckets[index];\n\n        // \u82e5\u65e0\u8be5 key \uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u5c3e\u90e8\n        let pair = Pair {\n            key,\n            val: val.clone(),\n        };\n        bucket.push(pair);\n        self.size += 1;\n    }\n\n    /* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    fn get(&self, key: i32) -> Option<&str> {\n        let index = self.hash_func(key);\n        let bucket = &self.buckets[index];\n\n        // \u904d\u5386\u6876\uff0c\u82e5\u627e\u5230 key \uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5bf9\u5e94 val\n        for pair in bucket {\n            if pair.key == key {\n                return Some(&pair.val);\n            }\n        }\n\n        // \u82e5\u672a\u627e\u5230 key \uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de None\n        None\n    }\n}\n
    hash_map_chaining.c
    /* \u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9 */\ntypedef struct Node {\n    Pair *pair;\n    struct Node *next;\n} Node;\n\n/* \u94fe\u5f0f\u5730\u5740\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\ntypedef struct {\n    int size;         // \u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6570\u91cf\n    int capacity;     // \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\n    double loadThres; // \u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u9608\u503c\n    int extendRatio;  // \u6269\u5bb9\u500d\u6570\n    Node **buckets;   // \u6876\u6570\u7ec4\n} HashMapChaining;\n\n/* \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570 */\nHashMapChaining *newHashMapChaining() {\n    HashMapChaining *hashMap = (HashMapChaining *)malloc(sizeof(HashMapChaining));\n    hashMap->size = 0;\n    hashMap->capacity = 4;\n    hashMap->loadThres = 2.0 / 3.0;\n    hashMap->extendRatio = 2;\n    hashMap->buckets = (Node **)malloc(hashMap->capacity * sizeof(Node *));\n    for (int i = 0; i < hashMap->capacity; i++) {\n        hashMap->buckets[i] = NULL;\n    }\n    return hashMap;\n}\n\n/* \u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570 */\nvoid delHashMapChaining(HashMapChaining *hashMap) {\n    for (int i = 0; i < hashMap->capacity; i++) {\n        Node *cur = hashMap->buckets[i];\n        while (cur) {\n            Node *tmp = cur;\n            cur = cur->next;\n            free(tmp->pair);\n            free(tmp);\n        }\n    }\n    free(hashMap->buckets);\n    free(hashMap);\n}\n\n/* \u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570 */\nint hashFunc(HashMapChaining *hashMap, int key) {\n    return key % hashMap->capacity;\n}\n\n/* \u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50 */\ndouble loadFactor(HashMapChaining *hashMap) {\n    return (double)hashMap->size / (double)hashMap->capacity;\n}\n\n/* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\nchar *get(HashMapChaining *hashMap, int key) {\n    int index = hashFunc(hashMap, key);\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6876\uff0c\u82e5\u627e\u5230 key \uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5bf9\u5e94 val\n    Node *cur = hashMap->buckets[index];\n    while (cur) {\n        if (cur->pair->key == key) {\n            return cur->pair->val;\n        }\n        cur = cur->next;\n    }\n    return \"\"; // \u82e5\u672a\u627e\u5230 key \uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\n}\n\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\nvoid put(HashMapChaining *hashMap, int key, const char *val) {\n    // \u5f53\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u8d85\u8fc7\u9608\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u6269\u5bb9\n    if (loadFactor(hashMap) > hashMap->loadThres) {\n        extend(hashMap);\n    }\n    int index = hashFunc(hashMap, key);\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6876\uff0c\u82e5\u9047\u5230\u6307\u5b9a key \uff0c\u5219\u66f4\u65b0\u5bf9\u5e94 val \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\n    Node *cur = hashMap->buckets[index];\n    while (cur) {\n        if (cur->pair->key == key) {\n            strcpy(cur->pair->val, val); // \u82e5\u9047\u5230\u6307\u5b9a key \uff0c\u5219\u66f4\u65b0\u5bf9\u5e94 val \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\n            return;\n        }\n        cur = cur->next;\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u65e0\u8be5 key \uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u94fe\u8868\u5934\u90e8\n    Pair *newPair = (Pair *)malloc(sizeof(Pair));\n    newPair->key = key;\n    strcpy(newPair->val, val);\n    Node *newNode = (Node *)malloc(sizeof(Node));\n    newNode->pair = newPair;\n    newNode->next = hashMap->buckets[index];\n    hashMap->buckets[index] = newNode;\n    hashMap->size++;\n}\n\n/* \u6269\u5bb9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nvoid extend(HashMapChaining *hashMap) {\n    // \u6682\u5b58\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n    int oldCapacity = hashMap->capacity;\n    Node **oldBuckets = hashMap->buckets;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6269\u5bb9\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n    hashMap->capacity *= hashMap->extendRatio;\n    hashMap->buckets = (Node **)malloc(hashMap->capacity * sizeof(Node *));\n    for (int i = 0; i < hashMap->capacity; i++) {\n        hashMap->buckets[i] = NULL;\n    }\n    hashMap->size = 0;\n    // \u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u4ece\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u642c\u8fd0\u81f3\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n    for (int i = 0; i < oldCapacity; i++) {\n        Node *cur = oldBuckets[i];\n        while (cur) {\n            put(hashMap, cur->pair->key, cur->pair->val);\n            Node *temp = cur;\n            cur = cur->next;\n            // \u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\n            free(temp->pair);\n            free(temp);\n        }\n    }\n\n    free(oldBuckets);\n}\n\n/* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\nvoid removeItem(HashMapChaining *hashMap, int key) {\n    int index = hashFunc(hashMap, key);\n    Node *cur = hashMap->buckets[index];\n    Node *pre = NULL;\n    while (cur) {\n        if (cur->pair->key == key) {\n            // \u4ece\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\n            if (pre) {\n                pre->next = cur->next;\n            } else {\n                hashMap->buckets[index] = cur->next;\n            }\n            // \u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\n            free(cur->pair);\n            free(cur);\n            hashMap->size--;\n            return;\n        }\n        pre = cur;\n        cur = cur->next;\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u6253\u5370\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nvoid print(HashMapChaining *hashMap) {\n    for (int i = 0; i < hashMap->capacity; i++) {\n        Node *cur = hashMap->buckets[i];\n        printf(\"[\");\n        while (cur) {\n            printf(\"%d -> %s, \", cur->pair->key, cur->pair->val);\n            cur = cur->next;\n        }\n        printf(\"]\\n\");\n    }\n}\n
    hash_map_chaining.zig
    [class]{HashMapChaining}-[func]{}\n

    \u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5f53\u94fe\u8868\u5f88\u957f\u65f6\uff0c\u67e5\u8be2\u6548\u7387 \\(O(n)\\) \u5f88\u5dee\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u94fe\u8868\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u201cAVL \u6811\u201d\u6216\u201c\u7ea2\u9ed1\u6811\u201d\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5c06\u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4f18\u5316\u81f3 \\(O(\\log n)\\) \u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_hashing/hash_collision/#622","title":"6.2.2 \u00a0 \u5f00\u653e\u5bfb\u5740","text":"

    \u300c\u5f00\u653e\u5bfb\u5740 open addressing\u300d\u4e0d\u5f15\u5165\u989d\u5916\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u591a\u6b21\u63a2\u6d4b\u201d\u6765\u5904\u7406\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u63a2\u6d4b\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u62ec\u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\u3001\u5e73\u65b9\u63a2\u6d4b\u548c\u591a\u6b21\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b49\u3002

    \u4e0b\u9762\u4ee5\u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5f00\u653e\u5bfb\u5740\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u673a\u5236\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_hashing/hash_collision/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b","text":"

    \u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\u91c7\u7528\u56fa\u5b9a\u6b65\u957f\u7684\u7ebf\u6027\u641c\u7d22\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u63a2\u6d4b\uff0c\u5176\u64cd\u4f5c\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0e\u666e\u901a\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\u3002

    • \u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u8ba1\u7b97\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u82e5\u53d1\u73b0\u6876\u5185\u5df2\u6709\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5219\u4ece\u51b2\u7a81\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5411\u540e\u7ebf\u6027\u904d\u5386\uff08\u6b65\u957f\u901a\u5e38\u4e3a \\(1\\) \uff09\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u627e\u5230\u7a7a\u6876\uff0c\u5c06\u5143\u7d20\u63d2\u5165\u5176\u4e2d\u3002
    • \u67e5\u627e\u5143\u7d20\uff1a\u82e5\u53d1\u73b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u5219\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u540c\u6b65\u957f\u5411\u540e\u8fdb\u884c\u7ebf\u6027\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u627e\u5230\u5bf9\u5e94\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de value \u5373\u53ef\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u9047\u5230\u7a7a\u6876\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\u4e0d\u5728\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de None \u3002

    \u56fe 6-6 \u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5f00\u653e\u5bfb\u5740\uff08\u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\uff09\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u7684\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u5206\u5e03\u3002\u6839\u636e\u6b64\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u4e24\u4f4d\u76f8\u540c\u7684 key \u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u6620\u5c04\u5230\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u6876\u3002\u800c\u901a\u8fc7\u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u88ab\u4f9d\u6b21\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u8be5\u6876\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e4b\u4e0b\u7684\u6876\u4e2d\u3002

    \u56fe 6-6 \u00a0 \u5f00\u653e\u5bfb\u5740\uff08\u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\uff09\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u7684\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u5206\u5e03

    \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\u5bb9\u6613\u4ea7\u751f\u201c\u805a\u96c6\u73b0\u8c61\u201d\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u8fde\u7eed\u88ab\u5360\u7528\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u8d8a\u957f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8fde\u7eed\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53d1\u751f\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u4fc3\u4f7f\u8be5\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u805a\u5806\u751f\u957f\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u6076\u6027\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u5bfc\u81f4\u589e\u5220\u67e5\u6539\u64cd\u4f5c\u6548\u7387\u52a3\u5316\u3002

    \u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u5728\u5f00\u653e\u5bfb\u5740\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u76f4\u63a5\u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20\u4f1a\u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u5185\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u6876 None \uff0c\u800c\u5f53\u67e5\u8be2\u5143\u7d20\u65f6\uff0c\u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\u5230\u8be5\u7a7a\u6876\u5c31\u4f1a\u8fd4\u56de\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u8be5\u7a7a\u6876\u4e4b\u4e0b\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u518d\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u5230\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53ef\u80fd\u8bef\u5224\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5143\u7d20\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u3002

    \u56fe 6-7 \u00a0 \u5728\u5f00\u653e\u5bfb\u5740\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u95ee\u9898

    \u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u8be5\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u91c7\u7528\u300c\u61d2\u5220\u9664 lazy deletion\u300d\u673a\u5236\uff1a\u5b83\u4e0d\u76f4\u63a5\u4ece\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u79fb\u9664\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5229\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e38\u91cf TOMBSTONE \u6765\u6807\u8bb0\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6876\u3002\u5728\u8be5\u673a\u5236\u4e0b\uff0cNone \u548c TOMBSTONE \u90fd\u4ee3\u8868\u7a7a\u6876\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u653e\u7f6e\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u3002\u4f46\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\u5230 TOMBSTONE \u65f6\u5e94\u8be5\u7ee7\u7eed\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5176\u4e4b\u4e0b\u53ef\u80fd\u8fd8\u5b58\u5728\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u3002

    \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u61d2\u5220\u9664\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u52a0\u901f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u9000\u5316\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6bcf\u6b21\u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c\u90fd\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5220\u9664\u6807\u8bb0\uff0c\u968f\u7740 TOMBSTONE \u7684\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u641c\u7d22\u65f6\u95f4\u4e5f\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u8df3\u8fc7\u591a\u4e2a TOMBSTONE \u624d\u80fd\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\u3002

    \u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u8003\u8651\u5728\u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\u4e2d\u8bb0\u5f55\u9047\u5230\u7684\u9996\u4e2a TOMBSTONE \u7684\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u641c\u7d22\u5230\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u8be5 TOMBSTONE \u4ea4\u6362\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u7684\u597d\u5904\u662f\u5f53\u6bcf\u6b21\u67e5\u8be2\u6216\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20\u65f6\uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u4f1a\u88ab\u79fb\u52a8\u81f3\u8ddd\u79bb\u7406\u60f3\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff08\u63a2\u6d4b\u8d77\u59cb\u70b9\uff09\u66f4\u8fd1\u7684\u6876\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f18\u5316\u67e5\u8be2\u6548\u7387\u3002

    \u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u542b\u61d2\u5220\u9664\u7684\u5f00\u653e\u5bfb\u5740\uff08\u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\uff09\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u66f4\u52a0\u5145\u5206\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u770b\u4f5c\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u201d\uff0c\u5f53\u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u65f6\uff0c\u56de\u5230\u5934\u90e8\u7ee7\u7eed\u904d\u5386\u3002

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig hash_map_open_addressing.py
    class HashMapOpenAddressing:\n    \"\"\"\u5f00\u653e\u5bfb\u5740\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\"\"\"\n\n    def __init__(self):\n        \"\"\"\u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5\"\"\"\n        self.size = 0  # \u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6570\u91cf\n        self.capacity = 4  # \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\n        self.load_thres = 2.0 / 3.0  # \u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u9608\u503c\n        self.extend_ratio = 2  # \u6269\u5bb9\u500d\u6570\n        self.buckets: list[Pair | None] = [None] * self.capacity  # \u6876\u6570\u7ec4\n        self.TOMBSTONE = Pair(-1, \"-1\")  # \u5220\u9664\u6807\u8bb0\n\n    def hash_func(self, key: int) -> int:\n        \"\"\"\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\"\"\"\n        return key % self.capacity\n\n    def load_factor(self) -> float:\n        \"\"\"\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\"\"\"\n        return self.size / self.capacity\n\n    def find_bucket(self, key: int) -> int:\n        \"\"\"\u641c\u7d22 key \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\"\"\"\n        index = self.hash_func(key)\n        first_tombstone = -1\n        # \u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\uff0c\u5f53\u9047\u5230\u7a7a\u6876\u65f6\u8df3\u51fa\n        while self.buckets[index] is not None:\n            # \u82e5\u9047\u5230 key \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\n            if self.buckets[index].key == key:\n                # \u82e5\u4e4b\u524d\u9047\u5230\u4e86\u5220\u9664\u6807\u8bb0\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u79fb\u52a8\u81f3\u8be5\u7d22\u5f15\u5904\n                if first_tombstone != -1:\n                    self.buckets[first_tombstone] = self.buckets[index]\n                    self.buckets[index] = self.TOMBSTONE\n                    return first_tombstone  # \u8fd4\u56de\u79fb\u52a8\u540e\u7684\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\n                return index  # \u8fd4\u56de\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\n            # \u8bb0\u5f55\u9047\u5230\u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u5220\u9664\u6807\u8bb0\n            if first_tombstone == -1 and self.buckets[index] is self.TOMBSTONE:\n                first_tombstone = index\n            # \u8ba1\u7b97\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u5c3e\u90e8\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5934\u90e8\n            index = (index + 1) % self.capacity\n        # \u82e5 key \u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u6dfb\u52a0\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n        return index if first_tombstone == -1 else first_tombstone\n\n    def get(self, key: int) -> str:\n        \"\"\"\u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c\"\"\"\n        # \u641c\u7d22 key \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\n        index = self.find_bucket(key)\n        # \u82e5\u627e\u5230\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5bf9\u5e94 val\n        if self.buckets[index] not in [None, self.TOMBSTONE]:\n            return self.buckets[index].val\n        # \u82e5\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de None\n        return None\n\n    def put(self, key: int, val: str):\n        \"\"\"\u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c\"\"\"\n        # \u5f53\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u8d85\u8fc7\u9608\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u6269\u5bb9\n        if self.load_factor() > self.load_thres:\n            self.extend()\n        # \u641c\u7d22 key \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\n        index = self.find_bucket(key)\n        # \u82e5\u627e\u5230\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\uff0c\u5219\u8986\u76d6 val \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\n        if self.buckets[index] not in [None, self.TOMBSTONE]:\n            self.buckets[index].val = val\n            return\n        # \u82e5\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5219\u6dfb\u52a0\u8be5\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\n        self.buckets[index] = Pair(key, val)\n        self.size += 1\n\n    def remove(self, key: int):\n        \"\"\"\u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c\"\"\"\n        # \u641c\u7d22 key \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\n        index = self.find_bucket(key)\n        # \u82e5\u627e\u5230\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\uff0c\u5219\u7528\u5220\u9664\u6807\u8bb0\u8986\u76d6\u5b83\n        if self.buckets[index] not in [None, self.TOMBSTONE]:\n            self.buckets[index] = self.TOMBSTONE\n            self.size -= 1\n\n    def extend(self):\n        \"\"\"\u6269\u5bb9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\"\"\"\n        # \u6682\u5b58\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n        buckets_tmp = self.buckets\n        # \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6269\u5bb9\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n        self.capacity *= self.extend_ratio\n        self.buckets = [None] * self.capacity\n        self.size = 0\n        # \u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u4ece\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u642c\u8fd0\u81f3\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n        for pair in buckets_tmp:\n            if pair not in [None, self.TOMBSTONE]:\n                self.put(pair.key, pair.val)\n\n    def print(self):\n        \"\"\"\u6253\u5370\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\"\"\"\n        for pair in self.buckets:\n            if pair is None:\n                print(\"None\")\n            elif pair is self.TOMBSTONE:\n                print(\"TOMBSTONE\")\n            else:\n                print(pair.key, \"->\", pair.val)\n
    hash_map_open_addressing.cpp
    /* \u5f00\u653e\u5bfb\u5740\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nclass HashMapOpenAddressing {\n  private:\n    int size;                             // \u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6570\u91cf\n    int capacity = 4;                     // \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\n    const double loadThres = 2.0 / 3.0;     // \u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u9608\u503c\n    const int extendRatio = 2;            // \u6269\u5bb9\u500d\u6570\n    vector<Pair *> buckets;               // \u6876\u6570\u7ec4\n    Pair *TOMBSTONE = new Pair(-1, \"-1\"); // \u5220\u9664\u6807\u8bb0\n\n  public:\n    /* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\n    HashMapOpenAddressing() : size(0), buckets(capacity, nullptr) {\n    }\n\n    /* \u6790\u6784\u65b9\u6cd5 */\n    ~HashMapOpenAddressing() {\n        for (Pair *pair : buckets) {\n            if (pair != nullptr && pair != TOMBSTONE) {\n                delete pair;\n            }\n        }\n        delete TOMBSTONE;\n    }\n\n    /* \u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570 */\n    int hashFunc(int key) {\n        return key % capacity;\n    }\n\n    /* \u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50 */\n    double loadFactor() {\n        return (double)size / capacity;\n    }\n\n    /* \u641c\u7d22 key \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6876\u7d22\u5f15 */\n    int findBucket(int key) {\n        int index = hashFunc(key);\n        int firstTombstone = -1;\n        // \u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\uff0c\u5f53\u9047\u5230\u7a7a\u6876\u65f6\u8df3\u51fa\n        while (buckets[index] != nullptr) {\n            // \u82e5\u9047\u5230 key \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\n            if (buckets[index]->key == key) {\n                // \u82e5\u4e4b\u524d\u9047\u5230\u4e86\u5220\u9664\u6807\u8bb0\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u79fb\u52a8\u81f3\u8be5\u7d22\u5f15\u5904\n                if (firstTombstone != -1) {\n                    buckets[firstTombstone] = buckets[index];\n                    buckets[index] = TOMBSTONE;\n                    return firstTombstone; // \u8fd4\u56de\u79fb\u52a8\u540e\u7684\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\n                }\n                return index; // \u8fd4\u56de\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\n            }\n            // \u8bb0\u5f55\u9047\u5230\u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u5220\u9664\u6807\u8bb0\n            if (firstTombstone == -1 && buckets[index] == TOMBSTONE) {\n                firstTombstone = index;\n            }\n            // \u8ba1\u7b97\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u5c3e\u90e8\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5934\u90e8\n            index = (index + 1) % capacity;\n        }\n        // \u82e5 key \u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u6dfb\u52a0\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n        return firstTombstone == -1 ? index : firstTombstone;\n    }\n\n    /* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    string get(int key) {\n        // \u641c\u7d22 key \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\n        int index = findBucket(key);\n        // \u82e5\u627e\u5230\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5bf9\u5e94 val\n        if (buckets[index] != nullptr && buckets[index] != TOMBSTONE) {\n            return buckets[index]->val;\n        }\n        // \u82e5\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\n        return \"\";\n    }\n\n    /* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    void put(int key, string val) {\n        // \u5f53\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u8d85\u8fc7\u9608\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u6269\u5bb9\n        if (loadFactor() > loadThres) {\n            extend();\n        }\n        // \u641c\u7d22 key \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\n        int index = findBucket(key);\n        // \u82e5\u627e\u5230\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\uff0c\u5219\u8986\u76d6 val \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\n        if (buckets[index] != nullptr && buckets[index] != TOMBSTONE) {\n            buckets[index]->val = val;\n            return;\n        }\n        // \u82e5\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5219\u6dfb\u52a0\u8be5\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\n        buckets[index] = new Pair(key, val);\n        size++;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    void remove(int key) {\n        // \u641c\u7d22 key \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\n        int index = findBucket(key);\n        // \u82e5\u627e\u5230\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\uff0c\u5219\u7528\u5220\u9664\u6807\u8bb0\u8986\u76d6\u5b83\n        if (buckets[index] != nullptr && buckets[index] != TOMBSTONE) {\n            delete buckets[index];\n            buckets[index] = TOMBSTONE;\n            size--;\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u6269\u5bb9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\n    void extend() {\n        // \u6682\u5b58\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n        vector<Pair *> bucketsTmp = buckets;\n        // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6269\u5bb9\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n        capacity *= extendRatio;\n        buckets = vector<Pair *>(capacity, nullptr);\n        size = 0;\n        // \u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u4ece\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u642c\u8fd0\u81f3\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n        for (Pair *pair : bucketsTmp) {\n            if (pair != nullptr && pair != TOMBSTONE) {\n                put(pair->key, pair->val);\n                delete pair;\n            }\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u6253\u5370\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\n    void print() {\n        for (Pair *pair : buckets) {\n            if (pair == nullptr) {\n                cout << \"nullptr\" << endl;\n            } else if (pair == TOMBSTONE) {\n                cout << \"TOMBSTONE\" << endl;\n            } else {\n                cout << pair->key << \" -> \" << pair->val << endl;\n            }\n        }\n    }\n};\n
    hash_map_open_addressing.java
    /* \u5f00\u653e\u5bfb\u5740\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nclass HashMapOpenAddressing {\n    private int size; // \u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6570\u91cf\n    private int capacity = 4; // \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\n    private final double loadThres = 2.0 / 3.0; // \u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u9608\u503c\n    private final int extendRatio = 2; // \u6269\u5bb9\u500d\u6570\n    private Pair[] buckets; // \u6876\u6570\u7ec4\n    private final Pair TOMBSTONE = new Pair(-1, \"-1\"); // \u5220\u9664\u6807\u8bb0\n\n    /* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\n    public HashMapOpenAddressing() {\n        size = 0;\n        buckets = new Pair[capacity];\n    }\n\n    /* \u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570 */\n    private int hashFunc(int key) {\n        return key % capacity;\n    }\n\n    /* \u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50 */\n    private double loadFactor() {\n        return (double) size / capacity;\n    }\n\n    /* \u641c\u7d22 key \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6876\u7d22\u5f15 */\n    private int findBucket(int key) {\n        int index = hashFunc(key);\n        int firstTombstone = -1;\n        // \u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\uff0c\u5f53\u9047\u5230\u7a7a\u6876\u65f6\u8df3\u51fa\n        while (buckets[index] != null) {\n            // \u82e5\u9047\u5230 key \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\n            if (buckets[index].key == key) {\n                // \u82e5\u4e4b\u524d\u9047\u5230\u4e86\u5220\u9664\u6807\u8bb0\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u79fb\u52a8\u81f3\u8be5\u7d22\u5f15\u5904\n                if (firstTombstone != -1) {\n                    buckets[firstTombstone] = buckets[index];\n                    buckets[index] = TOMBSTONE;\n                    return firstTombstone; // \u8fd4\u56de\u79fb\u52a8\u540e\u7684\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\n                }\n                return index; // \u8fd4\u56de\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\n            }\n            // \u8bb0\u5f55\u9047\u5230\u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u5220\u9664\u6807\u8bb0\n            if (firstTombstone == -1 && buckets[index] == TOMBSTONE) {\n                firstTombstone = index;\n            }\n            // \u8ba1\u7b97\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u5c3e\u90e8\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5934\u90e8\n            index = (index + 1) % capacity;\n        }\n        // \u82e5 key \u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u6dfb\u52a0\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n        return firstTombstone == -1 ? index : firstTombstone;\n    }\n\n    /* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    public String get(int key) {\n        // \u641c\u7d22 key \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\n        int index = findBucket(key);\n        // \u82e5\u627e\u5230\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5bf9\u5e94 val\n        if (buckets[index] != null && buckets[index] != TOMBSTONE) {\n            return buckets[index].val;\n        }\n        // \u82e5\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de null\n        return null;\n    }\n\n    /* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    public void put(int key, String val) {\n        // \u5f53\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u8d85\u8fc7\u9608\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u6269\u5bb9\n        if (loadFactor() > loadThres) {\n            extend();\n        }\n        // \u641c\u7d22 key \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\n        int index = findBucket(key);\n        // \u82e5\u627e\u5230\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\uff0c\u5219\u8986\u76d6 val \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\n        if (buckets[index] != null && buckets[index] != TOMBSTONE) {\n            buckets[index].val = val;\n            return;\n        }\n        // \u82e5\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5219\u6dfb\u52a0\u8be5\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\n        buckets[index] = new Pair(key, val);\n        size++;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    public void remove(int key) {\n        // \u641c\u7d22 key \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\n        int index = findBucket(key);\n        // \u82e5\u627e\u5230\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\uff0c\u5219\u7528\u5220\u9664\u6807\u8bb0\u8986\u76d6\u5b83\n        if (buckets[index] != null && buckets[index] != TOMBSTONE) {\n            buckets[index] = TOMBSTONE;\n            size--;\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u6269\u5bb9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\n    private void extend() {\n        // \u6682\u5b58\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n        Pair[] bucketsTmp = buckets;\n        // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6269\u5bb9\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n        capacity *= extendRatio;\n        buckets = new Pair[capacity];\n        size = 0;\n        // \u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u4ece\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u642c\u8fd0\u81f3\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n        for (Pair pair : bucketsTmp) {\n            if (pair != null && pair != TOMBSTONE) {\n                put(pair.key, pair.val);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u6253\u5370\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\n    public void print() {\n        for (Pair pair : buckets) {\n            if (pair == null) {\n                System.out.println(\"null\");\n            } else if (pair == TOMBSTONE) {\n                System.out.println(\"TOMBSTONE\");\n            } else {\n                System.out.println(pair.key + \" -> \" + pair.val);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    hash_map_open_addressing.cs
    /* \u5f00\u653e\u5bfb\u5740\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nclass HashMapOpenAddressing {\n    int size; // \u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6570\u91cf\n    int capacity = 4; // \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\n    double loadThres = 2.0 / 3.0; // \u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u9608\u503c\n    int extendRatio = 2; // \u6269\u5bb9\u500d\u6570\n    Pair[] buckets; // \u6876\u6570\u7ec4\n    Pair TOMBSTONE = new(-1, \"-1\"); // \u5220\u9664\u6807\u8bb0\n\n    /* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\n    public HashMapOpenAddressing() {\n        size = 0;\n        buckets = new Pair[capacity];\n    }\n\n    /* \u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570 */\n    int HashFunc(int key) {\n        return key % capacity;\n    }\n\n    /* \u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50 */\n    double LoadFactor() {\n        return (double)size / capacity;\n    }\n\n    /* \u641c\u7d22 key \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6876\u7d22\u5f15 */\n    int FindBucket(int key) {\n        int index = HashFunc(key);\n        int firstTombstone = -1;\n        // \u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\uff0c\u5f53\u9047\u5230\u7a7a\u6876\u65f6\u8df3\u51fa\n        while (buckets[index] != null) {\n            // \u82e5\u9047\u5230 key \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\n            if (buckets[index].key == key) {\n                // \u82e5\u4e4b\u524d\u9047\u5230\u4e86\u5220\u9664\u6807\u8bb0\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u79fb\u52a8\u81f3\u8be5\u7d22\u5f15\u5904\n                if (firstTombstone != -1) {\n                    buckets[firstTombstone] = buckets[index];\n                    buckets[index] = TOMBSTONE;\n                    return firstTombstone; // \u8fd4\u56de\u79fb\u52a8\u540e\u7684\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\n                }\n                return index; // \u8fd4\u56de\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\n            }\n            // \u8bb0\u5f55\u9047\u5230\u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u5220\u9664\u6807\u8bb0\n            if (firstTombstone == -1 && buckets[index] == TOMBSTONE) {\n                firstTombstone = index;\n            }\n            // \u8ba1\u7b97\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u5c3e\u90e8\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5934\u90e8\n            index = (index + 1) % capacity;\n        }\n        // \u82e5 key \u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u6dfb\u52a0\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n        return firstTombstone == -1 ? index : firstTombstone;\n    }\n\n    /* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    public string? Get(int key) {\n        // \u641c\u7d22 key \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\n        int index = FindBucket(key);\n        // \u82e5\u627e\u5230\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5bf9\u5e94 val\n        if (buckets[index] != null && buckets[index] != TOMBSTONE) {\n            return buckets[index].val;\n        }\n        // \u82e5\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de null\n        return null;\n    }\n\n    /* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    public void Put(int key, string val) {\n        // \u5f53\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u8d85\u8fc7\u9608\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u6269\u5bb9\n        if (LoadFactor() > loadThres) {\n            Extend();\n        }\n        // \u641c\u7d22 key \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\n        int index = FindBucket(key);\n        // \u82e5\u627e\u5230\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\uff0c\u5219\u8986\u76d6 val \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\n        if (buckets[index] != null && buckets[index] != TOMBSTONE) {\n            buckets[index].val = val;\n            return;\n        }\n        // \u82e5\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5219\u6dfb\u52a0\u8be5\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\n        buckets[index] = new Pair(key, val);\n        size++;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    public void Remove(int key) {\n        // \u641c\u7d22 key \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\n        int index = FindBucket(key);\n        // \u82e5\u627e\u5230\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\uff0c\u5219\u7528\u5220\u9664\u6807\u8bb0\u8986\u76d6\u5b83\n        if (buckets[index] != null && buckets[index] != TOMBSTONE) {\n            buckets[index] = TOMBSTONE;\n            size--;\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u6269\u5bb9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\n    void Extend() {\n        // \u6682\u5b58\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n        Pair[] bucketsTmp = buckets;\n        // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6269\u5bb9\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n        capacity *= extendRatio;\n        buckets = new Pair[capacity];\n        size = 0;\n        // \u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u4ece\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u642c\u8fd0\u81f3\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n        foreach (Pair pair in bucketsTmp) {\n            if (pair != null && pair != TOMBSTONE) {\n                Put(pair.key, pair.val);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u6253\u5370\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\n    public void Print() {\n        foreach (Pair pair in buckets) {\n            if (pair == null) {\n                Console.WriteLine(\"null\");\n            } else if (pair == TOMBSTONE) {\n                Console.WriteLine(\"TOMBSTONE\");\n            } else {\n                Console.WriteLine(pair.key + \" -> \" + pair.val);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    hash_map_open_addressing.go
    /* \u5f00\u653e\u5bfb\u5740\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\ntype hashMapOpenAddressing struct {\n    size        int     // \u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6570\u91cf\n    capacity    int     // \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\n    loadThres   float64 // \u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u9608\u503c\n    extendRatio int     // \u6269\u5bb9\u500d\u6570\n    buckets     []pair  // \u6876\u6570\u7ec4\n    removed     pair    // \u5220\u9664\u6807\u8bb0\n}\n\n/* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\nfunc newHashMapOpenAddressing() *hashMapOpenAddressing {\n    buckets := make([]pair, 4)\n    return &hashMapOpenAddressing{\n        size:        0,\n        capacity:    4,\n        loadThres:   2.0 / 3.0,\n        extendRatio: 2,\n        buckets:     buckets,\n        removed: pair{\n            key: -1,\n            val: \"-1\",\n        },\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570 */\nfunc (m *hashMapOpenAddressing) hashFunc(key int) int {\n    return key % m.capacity\n}\n\n/* \u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50 */\nfunc (m *hashMapOpenAddressing) loadFactor() float64 {\n    return float64(m.size) / float64(m.capacity)\n}\n\n/* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\nfunc (m *hashMapOpenAddressing) get(key int) string {\n    idx := m.hashFunc(key)\n    // \u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\uff0c\u4ece index \u5f00\u59cb\u5411\u540e\u904d\u5386\n    for i := 0; i < m.capacity; i++ {\n        // \u8ba1\u7b97\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u5c3e\u90e8\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5934\u90e8\n        j := (idx + i) % m.capacity\n        // \u82e5\u9047\u5230\u7a7a\u6876\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u65e0\u6b64 key \uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de null\n        if m.buckets[j] == (pair{}) {\n            return \"\"\n        }\n        // \u82e5\u9047\u5230\u6307\u5b9a key \uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5bf9\u5e94 val\n        if m.buckets[j].key == key && m.buckets[j] != m.removed {\n            return m.buckets[j].val\n        }\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u672a\u627e\u5230 key \uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\n    return \"\"\n}\n\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\nfunc (m *hashMapOpenAddressing) put(key int, val string) {\n    // \u5f53\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u8d85\u8fc7\u9608\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u6269\u5bb9\n    if m.loadFactor() > m.loadThres {\n        m.extend()\n    }\n    idx := m.hashFunc(key)\n    // \u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\uff0c\u4ece index \u5f00\u59cb\u5411\u540e\u904d\u5386\n    for i := 0; i < m.capacity; i++ {\n        // \u8ba1\u7b97\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u5c3e\u90e8\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5934\u90e8\n        j := (idx + i) % m.capacity\n        // \u82e5\u9047\u5230\u7a7a\u6876\u3001\u6216\u5e26\u6709\u5220\u9664\u6807\u8bb0\u7684\u6876\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u653e\u5165\u8be5\u6876\n        if m.buckets[j] == (pair{}) || m.buckets[j] == m.removed {\n            m.buckets[j] = pair{\n                key: key,\n                val: val,\n            }\n            m.size += 1\n            return\n        }\n        // \u82e5\u9047\u5230\u6307\u5b9a key \uff0c\u5219\u66f4\u65b0\u5bf9\u5e94 val\n        if m.buckets[j].key == key {\n            m.buckets[j].val = val\n            return\n        }\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\nfunc (m *hashMapOpenAddressing) remove(key int) {\n    idx := m.hashFunc(key)\n    // \u904d\u5386\u6876\uff0c\u4ece\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\n    // \u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\uff0c\u4ece index \u5f00\u59cb\u5411\u540e\u904d\u5386\n    for i := 0; i < m.capacity; i++ {\n        // \u8ba1\u7b97\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u5c3e\u90e8\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5934\u90e8\n        j := (idx + i) % m.capacity\n        // \u82e5\u9047\u5230\u7a7a\u6876\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u65e0\u6b64 key \uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n        if m.buckets[j] == (pair{}) {\n            return\n        }\n        // \u82e5\u9047\u5230\u6307\u5b9a key \uff0c\u5219\u6807\u8bb0\u5220\u9664\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\n        if m.buckets[j].key == key {\n            m.buckets[j] = m.removed\n            m.size -= 1\n        }\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u6269\u5bb9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nfunc (m *hashMapOpenAddressing) extend() {\n    // \u6682\u5b58\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n    tmpBuckets := make([]pair, len(m.buckets))\n    copy(tmpBuckets, m.buckets)\n\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6269\u5bb9\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n    m.capacity *= m.extendRatio\n    m.buckets = make([]pair, m.capacity)\n    m.size = 0\n    // \u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u4ece\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u642c\u8fd0\u81f3\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n    for _, p := range tmpBuckets {\n        if p != (pair{}) && p != m.removed {\n            m.put(p.key, p.val)\n        }\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u6253\u5370\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nfunc (m *hashMapOpenAddressing) print() {\n    for _, p := range m.buckets {\n        if p != (pair{}) {\n            fmt.Println(strconv.Itoa(p.key) + \" -> \" + p.val)\n        } else {\n            fmt.Println(\"nil\")\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    hash_map_open_addressing.swift
    /* \u5f00\u653e\u5bfb\u5740\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nclass HashMapOpenAddressing {\n    var size: Int // \u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6570\u91cf\n    var capacity: Int // \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\n    var loadThres: Double // \u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u9608\u503c\n    var extendRatio: Int // \u6269\u5bb9\u500d\u6570\n    var buckets: [Pair?] // \u6876\u6570\u7ec4\n    var TOMBSTONE: Pair // \u5220\u9664\u6807\u8bb0\n\n    /* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\n    init() {\n        size = 0\n        capacity = 4\n        loadThres = 2.0 / 3.0\n        extendRatio = 2\n        buckets = Array(repeating: nil, count: capacity)\n        TOMBSTONE = Pair(key: -1, val: \"-1\")\n    }\n\n    /* \u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570 */\n    func hashFunc(key: Int) -> Int {\n        key % capacity\n    }\n\n    /* \u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50 */\n    func loadFactor() -> Double {\n        Double(size / capacity)\n    }\n\n    /* \u641c\u7d22 key \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6876\u7d22\u5f15 */\n    func findBucket(key: Int) -> Int {\n        var index = hashFunc(key: key)\n        var firstTombstone = -1\n        // \u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\uff0c\u5f53\u9047\u5230\u7a7a\u6876\u65f6\u8df3\u51fa\n        while buckets[index] != nil {\n            // \u82e5\u9047\u5230 key \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\n            if buckets[index]!.key == key {\n                // \u82e5\u4e4b\u524d\u9047\u5230\u4e86\u5220\u9664\u6807\u8bb0\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u79fb\u52a8\u81f3\u8be5\u7d22\u5f15\u5904\n                if firstTombstone != -1 {\n                    buckets[firstTombstone] = buckets[index]\n                    buckets[index] = TOMBSTONE\n                    return firstTombstone // \u8fd4\u56de\u79fb\u52a8\u540e\u7684\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\n                }\n                return index // \u8fd4\u56de\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\n            }\n            // \u8bb0\u5f55\u9047\u5230\u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u5220\u9664\u6807\u8bb0\n            if firstTombstone == -1 && buckets[index] == TOMBSTONE {\n                firstTombstone = index\n            }\n            // \u8ba1\u7b97\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u5c3e\u90e8\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5934\u90e8\n            index = (index + 1) % capacity\n        }\n        // \u82e5 key \u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u6dfb\u52a0\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n        return firstTombstone == -1 ? index : firstTombstone\n    }\n\n    /* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    func get(key: Int) -> String? {\n        // \u641c\u7d22 key \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\n        let index = findBucket(key: key)\n        // \u82e5\u627e\u5230\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5bf9\u5e94 val\n        if buckets[index] != nil, buckets[index] != TOMBSTONE {\n            return buckets[index]!.val\n        }\n        // \u82e5\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de null\n        return nil\n    }\n\n    /* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    func put(key: Int, val: String) {\n        // \u5f53\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u8d85\u8fc7\u9608\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u6269\u5bb9\n        if loadFactor() > loadThres {\n            extend()\n        }\n        // \u641c\u7d22 key \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\n        let index = findBucket(key: key)\n        // \u82e5\u627e\u5230\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\uff0c\u5219\u8986\u76d6 val \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\n        if buckets[index] != nil, buckets[index] != TOMBSTONE {\n            buckets[index]!.val = val\n            return\n        }\n        // \u82e5\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5219\u6dfb\u52a0\u8be5\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\n        buckets[index] = Pair(key: key, val: val)\n        size += 1\n    }\n\n    /* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    func remove(key: Int) {\n        // \u641c\u7d22 key \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\n        let index = findBucket(key: key)\n        // \u82e5\u627e\u5230\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\uff0c\u5219\u7528\u5220\u9664\u6807\u8bb0\u8986\u76d6\u5b83\n        if buckets[index] != nil, buckets[index] != TOMBSTONE {\n            buckets[index] = TOMBSTONE\n            size -= 1\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u6269\u5bb9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\n    func extend() {\n        // \u6682\u5b58\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n        let bucketsTmp = buckets\n        // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6269\u5bb9\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n        capacity *= extendRatio\n        buckets = Array(repeating: nil, count: capacity)\n        size = 0\n        // \u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u4ece\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u642c\u8fd0\u81f3\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n        for pair in bucketsTmp {\n            if let pair, pair != TOMBSTONE {\n                put(key: pair.key, val: pair.val)\n            }\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u6253\u5370\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\n    func print() {\n        for pair in buckets {\n            if pair == nil {\n                Swift.print(\"null\")\n            } else if pair == TOMBSTONE {\n                Swift.print(\"TOMBSTONE\")\n            } else {\n                Swift.print(\"\\(pair!.key) -> \\(pair!.val)\")\n            }\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    hash_map_open_addressing.js
    /* \u5f00\u653e\u5bfb\u5740\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nclass HashMapOpenAddressing {\n    #size; // \u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6570\u91cf\n    #capacity; // \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\n    #loadThres; // \u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u9608\u503c\n    #extendRatio; // \u6269\u5bb9\u500d\u6570\n    #buckets; // \u6876\u6570\u7ec4\n    #TOMBSTONE; // \u5220\u9664\u6807\u8bb0\n\n    /* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\n    constructor() {\n        this.#size = 0; // \u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6570\u91cf\n        this.#capacity = 4; // \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\n        this.#loadThres = 2.0 / 3.0; // \u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u9608\u503c\n        this.#extendRatio = 2; // \u6269\u5bb9\u500d\u6570\n        this.#buckets = Array(this.#capacity).fill(null); // \u6876\u6570\u7ec4\n        this.#TOMBSTONE = new Pair(-1, '-1'); // \u5220\u9664\u6807\u8bb0\n    }\n\n    /* \u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570 */\n    #hashFunc(key) {\n        return key % this.#capacity;\n    }\n\n    /* \u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50 */\n    #loadFactor() {\n        return this.#size / this.#capacity;\n    }\n\n    /* \u641c\u7d22 key \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6876\u7d22\u5f15 */\n    #findBucket(key) {\n        let index = this.#hashFunc(key);\n        let firstTombstone = -1;\n        // \u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\uff0c\u5f53\u9047\u5230\u7a7a\u6876\u65f6\u8df3\u51fa\n        while (this.#buckets[index] !== null) {\n            // \u82e5\u9047\u5230 key \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\n            if (this.#buckets[index].key === key) {\n                // \u82e5\u4e4b\u524d\u9047\u5230\u4e86\u5220\u9664\u6807\u8bb0\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u79fb\u52a8\u81f3\u8be5\u7d22\u5f15\u5904\n                if (firstTombstone !== -1) {\n                    this.#buckets[firstTombstone] = this.#buckets[index];\n                    this.#buckets[index] = this.#TOMBSTONE;\n                    return firstTombstone; // \u8fd4\u56de\u79fb\u52a8\u540e\u7684\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\n                }\n                return index; // \u8fd4\u56de\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\n            }\n            // \u8bb0\u5f55\u9047\u5230\u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u5220\u9664\u6807\u8bb0\n            if (\n                firstTombstone === -1 &&\n                this.#buckets[index] === this.#TOMBSTONE\n            ) {\n                firstTombstone = index;\n            }\n            // \u8ba1\u7b97\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u5c3e\u90e8\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5934\u90e8\n            index = (index + 1) % this.#capacity;\n        }\n        // \u82e5 key \u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u6dfb\u52a0\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n        return firstTombstone === -1 ? index : firstTombstone;\n    }\n\n    /* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    get(key) {\n        // \u641c\u7d22 key \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\n        const index = this.#findBucket(key);\n        // \u82e5\u627e\u5230\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5bf9\u5e94 val\n        if (\n            this.#buckets[index] !== null &&\n            this.#buckets[index] !== this.#TOMBSTONE\n        ) {\n            return this.#buckets[index].val;\n        }\n        // \u82e5\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de null\n        return null;\n    }\n\n    /* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    put(key, val) {\n        // \u5f53\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u8d85\u8fc7\u9608\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u6269\u5bb9\n        if (this.#loadFactor() > this.#loadThres) {\n            this.#extend();\n        }\n        // \u641c\u7d22 key \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\n        const index = this.#findBucket(key);\n        // \u82e5\u627e\u5230\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\uff0c\u5219\u8986\u76d6 val \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\n        if (\n            this.#buckets[index] !== null &&\n            this.#buckets[index] !== this.#TOMBSTONE\n        ) {\n            this.#buckets[index].val = val;\n            return;\n        }\n        // \u82e5\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5219\u6dfb\u52a0\u8be5\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\n        this.#buckets[index] = new Pair(key, val);\n        this.#size++;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    remove(key) {\n        // \u641c\u7d22 key \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\n        const index = this.#findBucket(key);\n        // \u82e5\u627e\u5230\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\uff0c\u5219\u7528\u5220\u9664\u6807\u8bb0\u8986\u76d6\u5b83\n        if (\n            this.#buckets[index] !== null &&\n            this.#buckets[index] !== this.#TOMBSTONE\n        ) {\n            this.#buckets[index] = this.#TOMBSTONE;\n            this.#size--;\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u6269\u5bb9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\n    #extend() {\n        // \u6682\u5b58\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n        const bucketsTmp = this.#buckets;\n        // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6269\u5bb9\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n        this.#capacity *= this.#extendRatio;\n        this.#buckets = Array(this.#capacity).fill(null);\n        this.#size = 0;\n        // \u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u4ece\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u642c\u8fd0\u81f3\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n        for (const pair of bucketsTmp) {\n            if (pair !== null && pair !== this.#TOMBSTONE) {\n                this.put(pair.key, pair.val);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u6253\u5370\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\n    print() {\n        for (const pair of this.#buckets) {\n            if (pair === null) {\n                console.log('null');\n            } else if (pair === this.#TOMBSTONE) {\n                console.log('TOMBSTONE');\n            } else {\n                console.log(pair.key + ' -> ' + pair.val);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    hash_map_open_addressing.ts
    /* \u5f00\u653e\u5bfb\u5740\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nclass HashMapOpenAddressing {\n    private size: number; // \u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6570\u91cf\n    private capacity: number; // \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\n    private loadThres: number; // \u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u9608\u503c\n    private extendRatio: number; // \u6269\u5bb9\u500d\u6570\n    private buckets: Array<Pair | null>; // \u6876\u6570\u7ec4\n    private TOMBSTONE: Pair; // \u5220\u9664\u6807\u8bb0\n\n    /* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\n    constructor() {\n        this.size = 0; // \u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6570\u91cf\n        this.capacity = 4; // \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\n        this.loadThres = 2.0 / 3.0; // \u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u9608\u503c\n        this.extendRatio = 2; // \u6269\u5bb9\u500d\u6570\n        this.buckets = Array(this.capacity).fill(null); // \u6876\u6570\u7ec4\n        this.TOMBSTONE = new Pair(-1, '-1'); // \u5220\u9664\u6807\u8bb0\n    }\n\n    /* \u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570 */\n    private hashFunc(key: number): number {\n        return key % this.capacity;\n    }\n\n    /* \u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50 */\n    private loadFactor(): number {\n        return this.size / this.capacity;\n    }\n\n    /* \u641c\u7d22 key \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6876\u7d22\u5f15 */\n    private findBucket(key: number): number {\n        let index = this.hashFunc(key);\n        let firstTombstone = -1;\n        // \u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\uff0c\u5f53\u9047\u5230\u7a7a\u6876\u65f6\u8df3\u51fa\n        while (this.buckets[index] !== null) {\n            // \u82e5\u9047\u5230 key \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\n            if (this.buckets[index]!.key === key) {\n                // \u82e5\u4e4b\u524d\u9047\u5230\u4e86\u5220\u9664\u6807\u8bb0\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u79fb\u52a8\u81f3\u8be5\u7d22\u5f15\u5904\n                if (firstTombstone !== -1) {\n                    this.buckets[firstTombstone] = this.buckets[index];\n                    this.buckets[index] = this.TOMBSTONE;\n                    return firstTombstone; // \u8fd4\u56de\u79fb\u52a8\u540e\u7684\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\n                }\n                return index; // \u8fd4\u56de\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\n            }\n            // \u8bb0\u5f55\u9047\u5230\u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u5220\u9664\u6807\u8bb0\n            if (\n                firstTombstone === -1 &&\n                this.buckets[index] === this.TOMBSTONE\n            ) {\n                firstTombstone = index;\n            }\n            // \u8ba1\u7b97\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u5c3e\u90e8\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5934\u90e8\n            index = (index + 1) % this.capacity;\n        }\n        // \u82e5 key \u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u6dfb\u52a0\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n        return firstTombstone === -1 ? index : firstTombstone;\n    }\n\n    /* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    get(key: number): string | null {\n        // \u641c\u7d22 key \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\n        const index = this.findBucket(key);\n        // \u82e5\u627e\u5230\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5bf9\u5e94 val\n        if (\n            this.buckets[index] !== null &&\n            this.buckets[index] !== this.TOMBSTONE\n        ) {\n            return this.buckets[index]!.val;\n        }\n        // \u82e5\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de null\n        return null;\n    }\n\n    /* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    put(key: number, val: string): void {\n        // \u5f53\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u8d85\u8fc7\u9608\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u6269\u5bb9\n        if (this.loadFactor() > this.loadThres) {\n            this.extend();\n        }\n        // \u641c\u7d22 key \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\n        const index = this.findBucket(key);\n        // \u82e5\u627e\u5230\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\uff0c\u5219\u8986\u76d6 val \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\n        if (\n            this.buckets[index] !== null &&\n            this.buckets[index] !== this.TOMBSTONE\n        ) {\n            this.buckets[index]!.val = val;\n            return;\n        }\n        // \u82e5\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5219\u6dfb\u52a0\u8be5\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\n        this.buckets[index] = new Pair(key, val);\n        this.size++;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    remove(key: number): void {\n        // \u641c\u7d22 key \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\n        const index = this.findBucket(key);\n        // \u82e5\u627e\u5230\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\uff0c\u5219\u7528\u5220\u9664\u6807\u8bb0\u8986\u76d6\u5b83\n        if (\n            this.buckets[index] !== null &&\n            this.buckets[index] !== this.TOMBSTONE\n        ) {\n            this.buckets[index] = this.TOMBSTONE;\n            this.size--;\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u6269\u5bb9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\n    private extend(): void {\n        // \u6682\u5b58\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n        const bucketsTmp = this.buckets;\n        // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6269\u5bb9\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n        this.capacity *= this.extendRatio;\n        this.buckets = Array(this.capacity).fill(null);\n        this.size = 0;\n        // \u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u4ece\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u642c\u8fd0\u81f3\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n        for (const pair of bucketsTmp) {\n            if (pair !== null && pair !== this.TOMBSTONE) {\n                this.put(pair.key, pair.val);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u6253\u5370\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\n    print(): void {\n        for (const pair of this.buckets) {\n            if (pair === null) {\n                console.log('null');\n            } else if (pair === this.TOMBSTONE) {\n                console.log('TOMBSTONE');\n            } else {\n                console.log(pair.key + ' -> ' + pair.val);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    hash_map_open_addressing.dart
    /* \u5f00\u653e\u5bfb\u5740\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nclass HashMapOpenAddressing {\n  late int _size; // \u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6570\u91cf\n  int _capacity = 4; // \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\n  double _loadThres = 2.0 / 3.0; // \u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u9608\u503c\n  int _extendRatio = 2; // \u6269\u5bb9\u500d\u6570\n  late List<Pair?> _buckets; // \u6876\u6570\u7ec4\n  Pair _TOMBSTONE = Pair(-1, \"-1\"); // \u5220\u9664\u6807\u8bb0\n\n  /* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\n  HashMapOpenAddressing() {\n    _size = 0;\n    _buckets = List.generate(_capacity, (index) => null);\n  }\n\n  /* \u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570 */\n  int hashFunc(int key) {\n    return key % _capacity;\n  }\n\n  /* \u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50 */\n  double loadFactor() {\n    return _size / _capacity;\n  }\n\n  /* \u641c\u7d22 key \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6876\u7d22\u5f15 */\n  int findBucket(int key) {\n    int index = hashFunc(key);\n    int firstTombstone = -1;\n    // \u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\uff0c\u5f53\u9047\u5230\u7a7a\u6876\u65f6\u8df3\u51fa\n    while (_buckets[index] != null) {\n      // \u82e5\u9047\u5230 key \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\n      if (_buckets[index]!.key == key) {\n        // \u82e5\u4e4b\u524d\u9047\u5230\u4e86\u5220\u9664\u6807\u8bb0\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u79fb\u52a8\u81f3\u8be5\u7d22\u5f15\u5904\n        if (firstTombstone != -1) {\n          _buckets[firstTombstone] = _buckets[index];\n          _buckets[index] = _TOMBSTONE;\n          return firstTombstone; // \u8fd4\u56de\u79fb\u52a8\u540e\u7684\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\n        }\n        return index; // \u8fd4\u56de\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\n      }\n      // \u8bb0\u5f55\u9047\u5230\u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u5220\u9664\u6807\u8bb0\n      if (firstTombstone == -1 && _buckets[index] == _TOMBSTONE) {\n        firstTombstone = index;\n      }\n      // \u8ba1\u7b97\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u5c3e\u90e8\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5934\u90e8\n      index = (index + 1) % _capacity;\n    }\n    // \u82e5 key \u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u6dfb\u52a0\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n    return firstTombstone == -1 ? index : firstTombstone;\n  }\n\n  /* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\n  String? get(int key) {\n    // \u641c\u7d22 key \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\n    int index = findBucket(key);\n    // \u82e5\u627e\u5230\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5bf9\u5e94 val\n    if (_buckets[index] != null && _buckets[index] != _TOMBSTONE) {\n      return _buckets[index]!.val;\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de null\n    return null;\n  }\n\n  /* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\n  void put(int key, String val) {\n    // \u5f53\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u8d85\u8fc7\u9608\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u6269\u5bb9\n    if (loadFactor() > _loadThres) {\n      extend();\n    }\n    // \u641c\u7d22 key \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\n    int index = findBucket(key);\n    // \u82e5\u627e\u5230\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\uff0c\u5219\u8986\u76d6 val \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\n    if (_buckets[index] != null && _buckets[index] != _TOMBSTONE) {\n      _buckets[index]!.val = val;\n      return;\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5219\u6dfb\u52a0\u8be5\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\n    _buckets[index] = new Pair(key, val);\n    _size++;\n  }\n\n  /* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\n  void remove(int key) {\n    // \u641c\u7d22 key \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\n    int index = findBucket(key);\n    // \u82e5\u627e\u5230\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\uff0c\u5219\u7528\u5220\u9664\u6807\u8bb0\u8986\u76d6\u5b83\n    if (_buckets[index] != null && _buckets[index] != _TOMBSTONE) {\n      _buckets[index] = _TOMBSTONE;\n      _size--;\n    }\n  }\n\n  /* \u6269\u5bb9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\n  void extend() {\n    // \u6682\u5b58\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n    List<Pair?> bucketsTmp = _buckets;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6269\u5bb9\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n    _capacity *= _extendRatio;\n    _buckets = List.generate(_capacity, (index) => null);\n    _size = 0;\n    // \u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u4ece\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u642c\u8fd0\u81f3\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n    for (Pair? pair in bucketsTmp) {\n      if (pair != null && pair != _TOMBSTONE) {\n        put(pair.key, pair.val);\n      }\n    }\n  }\n\n  /* \u6253\u5370\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\n  void printHashMap() {\n    for (Pair? pair in _buckets) {\n      if (pair == null) {\n        print(\"null\");\n      } else if (pair == _TOMBSTONE) {\n        print(\"TOMBSTONE\");\n      } else {\n        print(\"${pair.key} -> ${pair.val}\");\n      }\n    }\n  }\n}\n
    hash_map_open_addressing.rs
    /* \u5f00\u653e\u5bfb\u5740\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nstruct HashMapOpenAddressing {\n    size: usize,                    // \u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6570\u91cf\n    capacity: usize,                // \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\n    load_thres: f64,                // \u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u9608\u503c\n    extend_ratio: usize,            // \u6269\u5bb9\u500d\u6570\n    buckets: Vec<Option<Pair>>,     // \u6876\u6570\u7ec4\n    TOMBSTONE: Option<Pair>,        // \u5220\u9664\u6807\u8bb0\n}\n\n\nimpl HashMapOpenAddressing {\n    /* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\n    fn new() -> Self {\n        Self {\n            size: 0,\n            capacity: 4,\n            load_thres: 2.0 / 3.0,\n            extend_ratio: 2,\n            buckets: vec![None; 4],\n            TOMBSTONE: Some(Pair {key: -1, val: \"-1\".to_string()}),\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570 */\n    fn hash_func(&self, key: i32) -> usize {\n        (key % self.capacity as i32) as usize\n    }\n\n    /* \u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50 */\n    fn load_factor(&self) -> f64 {\n        self.size as f64 / self.capacity as f64\n    }\n\n    /* \u641c\u7d22 key \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6876\u7d22\u5f15 */\n    fn find_bucket(&mut self, key: i32) -> usize {\n        let mut index = self.hash_func(key);\n        let mut first_tombstone = -1;\n        // \u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\uff0c\u5f53\u9047\u5230\u7a7a\u6876\u65f6\u8df3\u51fa\n        while self.buckets[index].is_some() {\n            // \u82e5\u9047\u5230 key\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\n            if self.buckets[index].as_ref().unwrap().key == key {\n                // \u82e5\u4e4b\u524d\u9047\u5230\u4e86\u5220\u9664\u6807\u8bb0\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5efa\u503c\u5bf9\u79fb\u52a8\u81f3\u8be5\u7d22\u5f15\n                if first_tombstone != -1 {\n                    self.buckets[first_tombstone as usize] = self.buckets[index].take();\n                    self.buckets[index] = self.TOMBSTONE.clone();\n                    return first_tombstone as usize;    // \u8fd4\u56de\u79fb\u52a8\u540e\u7684\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\n                }\n                return index;   // \u8fd4\u56de\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\n            }\n            // \u8bb0\u5f55\u9047\u5230\u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u5220\u9664\u6807\u8bb0\n            if first_tombstone == -1 && self.buckets[index] == self.TOMBSTONE {\n                first_tombstone = index as i32;\n            }\n            // \u8ba1\u7b97\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u5c3e\u90e8\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5934\u90e8\n            index = (index + 1) % self.capacity;\n        }\n        // \u82e5 key \u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u6dfb\u52a0\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n        if first_tombstone == -1 { index } else { first_tombstone as usize }\n    }\n\n    /* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    fn get(&mut self, key: i32) -> Option<&str> {\n        // \u641c\u7d22 key \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\n        let index = self.find_bucket(key);\n        // \u82e5\u627e\u5230\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5bf9\u5e94 val\n        if self.buckets[index].is_some() && self.buckets[index] != self.TOMBSTONE {\n            return self.buckets[index].as_ref().map(|pair| &pair.val as &str);\n        }\n        // \u82e5\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de null\n        None\n    }\n\n    /* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    fn put(&mut self, key: i32, val: String) {\n        // \u5f53\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u8d85\u8fc7\u9608\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u6269\u5bb9\n        if self.load_factor() > self.load_thres {\n            self.extend();\n        }\n        // \u641c\u7d22 key \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\n        let index = self.find_bucket(key);\n        // \u82e5\u627e\u5230\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\uff0c\u5219\u8986\u76d6 val \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\n        if self.buckets[index].is_some() && self.buckets[index] != self.TOMBSTONE {\n            self.buckets[index].as_mut().unwrap().val = val;\n            return;\n        }\n        // \u82e5\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5219\u6dfb\u52a0\u8be5\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\n        self.buckets[index] = Some(Pair { key, val });\n        self.size += 1;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    fn remove(&mut self, key: i32) {\n        // \u641c\u7d22 key \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\n        let index = self.find_bucket(key);\n        // \u82e5\u627e\u5230\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\uff0c\u5219\u7528\u5220\u9664\u6807\u8bb0\u8986\u76d6\u5b83\n        if self.buckets[index].is_some() && self.buckets[index] != self.TOMBSTONE {\n            self.buckets[index] = self.TOMBSTONE.clone();\n            self.size -= 1;\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u6269\u5bb9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\n    fn extend(&mut self) {\n        // \u6682\u5b58\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n        let buckets_tmp = self.buckets.clone();\n        // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6269\u5bb9\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n        self.capacity *= self.extend_ratio;\n        self.buckets = vec![None; self.capacity];\n        self.size = 0;\n\n        // \u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u4ece\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u642c\u8fd0\u81f3\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n        for pair in buckets_tmp {\n            if pair.is_none() || pair == self.TOMBSTONE {\n                continue;\n            }\n            let pair = pair.unwrap();\n\n            self.put(pair.key, pair.val);\n        }\n    }\n    /* \u6253\u5370\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\n    fn print(&self) {\n        for pair in &self.buckets {\n            if pair.is_none() {\n                println!(\"null\");\n            } else if pair == &self.TOMBSTONE {\n                println!(\"TOMBSTONE\");\n            } else {\n                let pair = pair.as_ref().unwrap();\n                println!(\"{} -> {}\", pair.key, pair.val);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    hash_map_open_addressing.c
    /* \u5f00\u653e\u5bfb\u5740\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\ntypedef struct {\n    int size;         // \u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6570\u91cf\n    int capacity;     // \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\n    double loadThres; // \u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u9608\u503c\n    int extendRatio;  // \u6269\u5bb9\u500d\u6570\n    Pair **buckets;   // \u6876\u6570\u7ec4\n    Pair *TOMBSTONE;  // \u5220\u9664\u6807\u8bb0\n} HashMapOpenAddressing;\n\n/* \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570 */\nHashMapOpenAddressing *newHashMapOpenAddressing() {\n    HashMapOpenAddressing *hashMap = (HashMapOpenAddressing *)malloc(sizeof(HashMapOpenAddressing));\n    hashMap->size = 0;\n    hashMap->capacity = 4;\n    hashMap->loadThres = 2.0 / 3.0;\n    hashMap->extendRatio = 2;\n    hashMap->buckets = (Pair **)malloc(sizeof(Pair *) * hashMap->capacity);\n    hashMap->TOMBSTONE = (Pair *)malloc(sizeof(Pair));\n    hashMap->TOMBSTONE->key = -1;\n    hashMap->TOMBSTONE->val = \"-1\";\n\n    return hashMap;\n}\n\n/* \u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570 */\nvoid delHashMapOpenAddressing(HashMapOpenAddressing *hashMap) {\n    for (int i = 0; i < hashMap->capacity; i++) {\n        Pair *pair = hashMap->buckets[i];\n        if (pair != NULL && pair != hashMap->TOMBSTONE) {\n            free(pair->val);\n            free(pair);\n        }\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570 */\nint hashFunc(HashMapOpenAddressing *hashMap, int key) {\n    return key % hashMap->capacity;\n}\n\n/* \u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50 */\ndouble loadFactor(HashMapOpenAddressing *hashMap) {\n    return (double)hashMap->size / (double)hashMap->capacity;\n}\n\n/* \u641c\u7d22 key \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6876\u7d22\u5f15 */\nint findBucket(HashMapOpenAddressing *hashMap, int key) {\n    int index = hashFunc(hashMap, key);\n    int firstTombstone = -1;\n    // \u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\uff0c\u5f53\u9047\u5230\u7a7a\u6876\u65f6\u8df3\u51fa\n    while (hashMap->buckets[index] != NULL) {\n        // \u82e5\u9047\u5230 key \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\n        if (hashMap->buckets[index]->key == key) {\n            // \u82e5\u4e4b\u524d\u9047\u5230\u4e86\u5220\u9664\u6807\u8bb0\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u79fb\u52a8\u81f3\u8be5\u7d22\u5f15\u5904\n            if (firstTombstone != -1) {\n                hashMap->buckets[firstTombstone] = hashMap->buckets[index];\n                hashMap->buckets[index] = hashMap->TOMBSTONE;\n                return firstTombstone; // \u8fd4\u56de\u79fb\u52a8\u540e\u7684\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\n            }\n            return index; // \u8fd4\u56de\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\n        }\n        // \u8bb0\u5f55\u9047\u5230\u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u5220\u9664\u6807\u8bb0\n        if (firstTombstone == -1 && hashMap->buckets[index] == hashMap->TOMBSTONE) {\n            firstTombstone = index;\n        }\n        // \u8ba1\u7b97\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u5c3e\u90e8\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5934\u90e8\n        index = (index + 1) % hashMap->capacity;\n    }\n    // \u82e5 key \u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u6dfb\u52a0\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n    return firstTombstone == -1 ? index : firstTombstone;\n}\n\n/* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\nchar *get(HashMapOpenAddressing *hashMap, int key) {\n    // \u641c\u7d22 key \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\n    int index = findBucket(hashMap, key);\n    // \u82e5\u627e\u5230\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5bf9\u5e94 val\n    if (hashMap->buckets[index] != NULL && hashMap->buckets[index] != hashMap->TOMBSTONE) {\n        return hashMap->buckets[index]->val;\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\n    return \"\";\n}\n\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\nvoid put(HashMapOpenAddressing *hashMap, int key, char *val) {\n    // \u5f53\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u8d85\u8fc7\u9608\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u6269\u5bb9\n    if (loadFactor(hashMap) > hashMap->loadThres) {\n        extend(hashMap);\n    }\n    // \u641c\u7d22 key \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\n    int index = findBucket(hashMap, key);\n    // \u82e5\u627e\u5230\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\uff0c\u5219\u8986\u76d6 val \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\n    if (hashMap->buckets[index] != NULL && hashMap->buckets[index] != hashMap->TOMBSTONE) {\n        free(hashMap->buckets[index]->val);\n        hashMap->buckets[index]->val = (char *)malloc(sizeof(strlen(val) + 1));\n        strcpy(hashMap->buckets[index]->val, val);\n        hashMap->buckets[index]->val[strlen(val)] = '\\0';\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5219\u6dfb\u52a0\u8be5\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\n    Pair *pair = (Pair *)malloc(sizeof(Pair));\n    pair->key = key;\n    pair->val = (char *)malloc(sizeof(strlen(val) + 1));\n    strcpy(pair->val, val);\n    pair->val[strlen(val)] = '\\0';\n\n    hashMap->buckets[index] = pair;\n    hashMap->size++;\n}\n\n/* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\nvoid removeItem(HashMapOpenAddressing *hashMap, int key) {\n    // \u641c\u7d22 key \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\n    int index = findBucket(hashMap, key);\n    // \u82e5\u627e\u5230\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\uff0c\u5219\u7528\u5220\u9664\u6807\u8bb0\u8986\u76d6\u5b83\n    if (hashMap->buckets[index] != NULL && hashMap->buckets[index] != hashMap->TOMBSTONE) {\n        Pair *pair = hashMap->buckets[index];\n        free(pair->val);\n        free(pair);\n        hashMap->buckets[index] = hashMap->TOMBSTONE;\n        hashMap->size--;\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u6269\u5bb9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nvoid extend(HashMapOpenAddressing *hashMap) {\n    // \u6682\u5b58\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n    Pair **bucketsTmp = hashMap->buckets;\n    int oldCapacity = hashMap->capacity;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6269\u5bb9\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n    hashMap->capacity *= hashMap->extendRatio;\n    hashMap->buckets = (Pair **)malloc(sizeof(Pair *) * hashMap->capacity);\n    hashMap->size = 0;\n    // \u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u4ece\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u642c\u8fd0\u81f3\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n    for (int i = 0; i < oldCapacity; i++) {\n        Pair *pair = bucketsTmp[i];\n        if (pair != NULL && pair != hashMap->TOMBSTONE) {\n            put(hashMap, pair->key, pair->val);\n            free(pair->val);\n            free(pair);\n        }\n    }\n    free(bucketsTmp);\n}\n\n/* \u6253\u5370\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nvoid print(HashMapOpenAddressing *hashMap) {\n    for (int i = 0; i < hashMap->capacity; i++) {\n        Pair *pair = hashMap->buckets[i];\n        if (pair == NULL) {\n            printf(\"NULL\\n\");\n        } else if (pair == hashMap->TOMBSTONE) {\n            printf(\"TOMBSTONE\\n\");\n        } else {\n            printf(\"%d -> %s\\n\", pair->key, pair->val);\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    hash_map_open_addressing.zig
    [class]{HashMapOpenAddressing}-[func]{}\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_hashing/hash_collision/#2","title":"2. \u00a0 \u5e73\u65b9\u63a2\u6d4b","text":"

    \u5e73\u65b9\u63a2\u6d4b\u4e0e\u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u5f00\u653e\u5bfb\u5740\u7684\u5e38\u89c1\u7b56\u7565\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u5f53\u53d1\u751f\u51b2\u7a81\u65f6\uff0c\u5e73\u65b9\u63a2\u6d4b\u4e0d\u662f\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u8df3\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u6b65\u6570\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8df3\u8fc7\u201c\u63a2\u6d4b\u6b21\u6570\u7684\u5e73\u65b9\u201d\u7684\u6b65\u6570\uff0c\u5373 \\(1, 4, 9, \\dots\\) \u6b65\u3002

    \u5e73\u65b9\u63a2\u6d4b\u4e3b\u8981\u5177\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4f18\u52bf\u3002

    • \u5e73\u65b9\u63a2\u6d4b\u901a\u8fc7\u8df3\u8fc7\u63a2\u6d4b\u6b21\u6570\u5e73\u65b9\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u7f13\u89e3\u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\u7684\u805a\u96c6\u6548\u5e94\u3002
    • \u5e73\u65b9\u63a2\u6d4b\u4f1a\u8df3\u8fc7\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\u6765\u5bfb\u627e\u7a7a\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u5206\u5e03\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u5747\u5300\u3002

    \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5e73\u65b9\u63a2\u6d4b\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7684\u3002

    • \u4ecd\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u805a\u96c6\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u5373\u67d0\u4e9b\u4f4d\u7f6e\u6bd4\u5176\u4ed6\u4f4d\u7f6e\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u5360\u7528\u3002
    • \u7531\u4e8e\u5e73\u65b9\u7684\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u5e73\u65b9\u63a2\u6d4b\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u63a2\u6d4b\u6574\u4e2a\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5373\u4f7f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u6709\u7a7a\u6876\uff0c\u5e73\u65b9\u63a2\u6d4b\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u8bbf\u95ee\u5230\u5b83\u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_hashing/hash_collision/#3","title":"3. \u00a0 \u591a\u6b21\u54c8\u5e0c","text":"

    \u987e\u540d\u601d\u4e49\uff0c\u591a\u6b21\u54c8\u5e0c\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u4e2a\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570 \\(f_1(x)\\)\u3001\\(f_2(x)\\)\u3001\\(f_3(x)\\)\u3001\\(\\dots\\) \u8fdb\u884c\u63a2\u6d4b\u3002

    • \u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20\uff1a\u82e5\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570 \\(f_1(x)\\) \u51fa\u73b0\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u5219\u5c1d\u8bd5 \\(f_2(x)\\) \uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u7c7b\u63a8\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u627e\u5230\u7a7a\u4f4d\u540e\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20\u3002
    • \u67e5\u627e\u5143\u7d20\uff1a\u5728\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u987a\u5e8f\u4e0b\u8fdb\u884c\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\u65f6\u8fd4\u56de\uff1b\u82e5\u9047\u5230\u7a7a\u4f4d\u6216\u5df2\u5c1d\u8bd5\u6240\u6709\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u8be5\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de None \u3002

    \u4e0e\u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u591a\u6b21\u54c8\u5e0c\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0d\u6613\u4ea7\u751f\u805a\u96c6\uff0c\u4f46\u591a\u4e2a\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u4f1a\u5e26\u6765\u989d\u5916\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u91cf\u3002

    Tip

    \u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u5f00\u653e\u5bfb\u5740\uff08\u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\u3001\u5e73\u65b9\u63a2\u6d4b\u548c\u591a\u6b21\u54c8\u5e0c\uff09\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u90fd\u5b58\u5728\u201c\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20\u201d\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_hashing/hash_collision/#623","title":"6.2.3 \u00a0 \u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u9009\u62e9","text":"

    \u5404\u79cd\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u91c7\u53d6\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\u4e3e\u51e0\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002

    • Python \u91c7\u7528\u5f00\u653e\u5bfb\u5740\u3002\u5b57\u5178 dict \u4f7f\u7528\u4f2a\u968f\u673a\u6570\u8fdb\u884c\u63a2\u6d4b\u3002
    • Java \u91c7\u7528\u94fe\u5f0f\u5730\u5740\u3002\u81ea JDK 1.8 \u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u5f53 HashMap \u5185\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u8fbe\u5230 64 \u4e14\u94fe\u8868\u957f\u5ea6\u8fbe\u5230 8 \u65f6\uff0c\u94fe\u8868\u4f1a\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u7ea2\u9ed1\u6811\u4ee5\u63d0\u5347\u67e5\u627e\u6027\u80fd\u3002
    • Go \u91c7\u7528\u94fe\u5f0f\u5730\u5740\u3002Go \u89c4\u5b9a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6876\u6700\u591a\u5b58\u50a8 8 \u4e2a\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\uff0c\u8d85\u51fa\u5bb9\u91cf\u5219\u8fde\u63a5\u4e00\u4e2a\u6ea2\u51fa\u6876\uff1b\u5f53\u6ea2\u51fa\u6876\u8fc7\u591a\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u6b21\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u7b49\u91cf\u6269\u5bb9\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u6027\u80fd\u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_hashing/hash_map/","title":"6.1 \u00a0 \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868","text":"

    \u300c\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 hash table\u300d\uff0c\u53c8\u79f0\u300c\u6563\u5217\u8868\u300d\uff0c\u5b83\u901a\u8fc7\u5efa\u7acb\u952e key \u4e0e\u503c value \u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6620\u5c04\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u67e5\u8be2\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5411\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u8f93\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u952e key \uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728 \\(O(1)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u83b7\u53d6\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u503c value \u3002

    \u5982\u56fe 6-1 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u7ed9\u5b9a \\(n\\) \u4e2a\u5b66\u751f\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b66\u751f\u90fd\u6709\u201c\u59d3\u540d\u201d\u548c\u201c\u5b66\u53f7\u201d\u4e24\u9879\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5047\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u5b9e\u73b0\u201c\u8f93\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b66\u53f7\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u59d3\u540d\u201d\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u91c7\u7528\u56fe 6-1 \u6240\u793a\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002

    \u56fe 6-1 \u00a0 \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u8868\u793a

    \u9664\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5916\uff0c\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u94fe\u8868\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u67e5\u8be2\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u6548\u7387\u5bf9\u6bd4\u5982\u8868 6-1 \u6240\u793a\u3002

    • \u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20\uff1a\u4ec5\u9700\u5c06\u5143\u7d20\u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u6570\u7ec4\uff08\u94fe\u8868\uff09\u7684\u5c3e\u90e8\u5373\u53ef\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(1)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u3002
    • \u67e5\u8be2\u5143\u7d20\uff1a\u7531\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\uff08\u94fe\u8868\uff09\u662f\u4e71\u5e8f\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u904d\u5386\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(n)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u3002
    • \u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20\uff1a\u9700\u8981\u5148\u67e5\u8be2\u5230\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u518d\u4ece\u6570\u7ec4\uff08\u94fe\u8868\uff09\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(n)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u3002

    \u8868 6-1 \u00a0 \u5143\u7d20\u67e5\u8be2\u6548\u7387\u5bf9\u6bd4

    \u6570\u7ec4 \u94fe\u8868 \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 \u67e5\u627e\u5143\u7d20 \\(O(n)\\) \\(O(n)\\) \\(O(1)\\) \u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20 \\(O(1)\\) \\(O(1)\\) \\(O(1)\\) \u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20 \\(O(n)\\) \\(O(n)\\) \\(O(1)\\)

    \u89c2\u5bdf\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5728\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u589e\u5220\u67e5\u6539\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u90fd\u662f \\(O(1)\\) \uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u9ad8\u6548\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_hashing/hash_map/#611","title":"6.1.1 \u00a0 \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5e38\u7528\u64cd\u4f5c","text":"

    \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u7684\u5e38\u89c1\u64cd\u4f5c\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u3001\u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c\u3001\u6dfb\u52a0\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u548c\u5220\u9664\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u7b49\uff0c\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig hash_map.py
    # \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\nhmap: dict = {}\n\n# \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c\n# \u5728\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 (key, value)\nhmap[12836] = \"\u5c0f\u54c8\"\nhmap[15937] = \"\u5c0f\u5570\"\nhmap[16750] = \"\u5c0f\u7b97\"\nhmap[13276] = \"\u5c0f\u6cd5\"\nhmap[10583] = \"\u5c0f\u9e2d\"\n\n# \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c\n# \u5411\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u8f93\u5165\u952e key \uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u503c value\nname: str = hmap[15937]\n\n# \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c\n# \u5728\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 (key, value)\nhmap.pop(10583)\n
    hash_map.cpp
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nunordered_map<int, string> map;\n\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\n// \u5728\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 (key, value)\nmap[12836] = \"\u5c0f\u54c8\";\nmap[15937] = \"\u5c0f\u5570\";\nmap[16750] = \"\u5c0f\u7b97\";\nmap[13276] = \"\u5c0f\u6cd5\";\nmap[10583] = \"\u5c0f\u9e2d\";\n\n/* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\n// \u5411\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u8f93\u5165\u952e key \uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u503c value\nstring name = map[15937];\n\n/* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\n// \u5728\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 (key, value)\nmap.erase(10583);\n
    hash_map.java
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nMap<Integer, String> map = new HashMap<>();\n\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\n// \u5728\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 (key, value)\nmap.put(12836, \"\u5c0f\u54c8\");   \nmap.put(15937, \"\u5c0f\u5570\");   \nmap.put(16750, \"\u5c0f\u7b97\");   \nmap.put(13276, \"\u5c0f\u6cd5\");\nmap.put(10583, \"\u5c0f\u9e2d\");\n\n/* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\n// \u5411\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u8f93\u5165\u952e key \uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u503c value\nString name = map.get(15937);\n\n/* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\n// \u5728\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 (key, value)\nmap.remove(10583);\n
    hash_map.cs
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nDictionary<int, string> map = new() {\n    /* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    // \u5728\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 (key, value)\n    { 12836, \"\u5c0f\u54c8\" },\n    { 15937, \"\u5c0f\u5570\" },\n    { 16750, \"\u5c0f\u7b97\" },\n    { 13276, \"\u5c0f\u6cd5\" },\n    { 10583, \"\u5c0f\u9e2d\" }\n};\n\n/* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\n// \u5411\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u8f93\u5165\u952e key \uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u503c value\nstring name = map[15937];\n\n/* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\n// \u5728\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 (key, value)\nmap.Remove(10583);\n
    hash_map_test.go
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nhmap := make(map[int]string)\n\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\n// \u5728\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 (key, value)\nhmap[12836] = \"\u5c0f\u54c8\"\nhmap[15937] = \"\u5c0f\u5570\"\nhmap[16750] = \"\u5c0f\u7b97\"\nhmap[13276] = \"\u5c0f\u6cd5\"\nhmap[10583] = \"\u5c0f\u9e2d\"\n\n/* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\n// \u5411\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u8f93\u5165\u952e key \uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u503c value\nname := hmap[15937]\n\n/* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\n// \u5728\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 (key, value)\ndelete(hmap, 10583)\n
    hash_map.swift
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nvar map: [Int: String] = [:]\n\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\n// \u5728\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 (key, value)\nmap[12836] = \"\u5c0f\u54c8\"\nmap[15937] = \"\u5c0f\u5570\"\nmap[16750] = \"\u5c0f\u7b97\"\nmap[13276] = \"\u5c0f\u6cd5\"\nmap[10583] = \"\u5c0f\u9e2d\"\n\n/* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\n// \u5411\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u8f93\u5165\u952e key \uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u503c value\nlet name = map[15937]!\n\n/* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\n// \u5728\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 (key, value)\nmap.removeValue(forKey: 10583)\n
    hash_map.js
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nconst map = new Map();\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\n// \u5728\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 (key, value)\nmap.set(12836, '\u5c0f\u54c8');\nmap.set(15937, '\u5c0f\u5570');\nmap.set(16750, '\u5c0f\u7b97');\nmap.set(13276, '\u5c0f\u6cd5');\nmap.set(10583, '\u5c0f\u9e2d');\n\n/* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\n// \u5411\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u8f93\u5165\u952e key \uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u503c value\nlet name = map.get(15937);\n\n/* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\n// \u5728\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 (key, value)\nmap.delete(10583);\n
    hash_map.ts
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nconst map = new Map<number, string>();\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\n// \u5728\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 (key, value)\nmap.set(12836, '\u5c0f\u54c8');\nmap.set(15937, '\u5c0f\u5570');\nmap.set(16750, '\u5c0f\u7b97');\nmap.set(13276, '\u5c0f\u6cd5');\nmap.set(10583, '\u5c0f\u9e2d');\nconsole.info('\\n\u6dfb\u52a0\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e3a\\nKey -> Value');\nconsole.info(map);\n\n/* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\n// \u5411\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u8f93\u5165\u952e key \uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u503c value\nlet name = map.get(15937);\nconsole.info('\\n\u8f93\u5165\u5b66\u53f7 15937 \uff0c\u67e5\u8be2\u5230\u59d3\u540d ' + name);\n\n/* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\n// \u5728\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 (key, value)\nmap.delete(10583);\nconsole.info('\\n\u5220\u9664 10583 \u540e\uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e3a\\nKey -> Value');\nconsole.info(map);\n
    hash_map.dart
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nMap<int, String> map = {};\n\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\n// \u5728\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 (key, value)\nmap[12836] = \"\u5c0f\u54c8\";\nmap[15937] = \"\u5c0f\u5570\";\nmap[16750] = \"\u5c0f\u7b97\";\nmap[13276] = \"\u5c0f\u6cd5\";\nmap[10583] = \"\u5c0f\u9e2d\";\n\n/* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\n// \u5411\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u8f93\u5165\u952e key \uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u503c value\nString name = map[15937];\n\n/* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\n// \u5728\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 (key, value)\nmap.remove(10583);\n
    hash_map.rs
    use std::collections::HashMap;\n\n/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nlet mut map: HashMap<i32, String> = HashMap::new();\n\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\n// \u5728\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 (key, value)\nmap.insert(12836, \"\u5c0f\u54c8\".to_string());\nmap.insert(15937, \"\u5c0f\u5570\".to_string());\nmap.insert(16750, \"\u5c0f\u7b97\".to_string());\nmap.insert(13279, \"\u5c0f\u6cd5\".to_string());\nmap.insert(10583, \"\u5c0f\u9e2d\".to_string());\n\n/* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\n// \u5411\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u8f93\u5165\u952e key \uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u503c value\nlet _name: Option<&String> = map.get(&15937);\n\n/* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\n// \u5728\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 (key, value)\nlet _removed_value: Option<String> = map.remove(&10583);\n
    hash_map.c
    // C \u672a\u63d0\u4f9b\u5185\u7f6e\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n
    hash_map.zig
    \n

    \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u6709\u4e09\u79cd\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u904d\u5386\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a\u904d\u5386\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u3001\u904d\u5386\u952e\u548c\u904d\u5386\u503c\u3002\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig hash_map.py
    # \u904d\u5386\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n# \u904d\u5386\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 key->value\nfor key, value in hmap.items():\n    print(key, \"->\", value)\n# \u5355\u72ec\u904d\u5386\u952e key\nfor key in hmap.keys():\n    print(key)\n# \u5355\u72ec\u904d\u5386\u503c value\nfor value in hmap.values():\n    print(value)\n
    hash_map.cpp
    /* \u904d\u5386\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\n// \u904d\u5386\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 key->value\nfor (auto kv: map) {\n    cout << kv.first << \" -> \" << kv.second << endl;\n}\n// \u4f7f\u7528\u8fed\u4ee3\u5668\u904d\u5386 key->value\nfor (auto iter = map.begin(); iter != map.end(); iter++) {\n    cout << iter->first << \"->\" << iter->second << endl;\n}\n
    hash_map.java
    /* \u904d\u5386\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\n// \u904d\u5386\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 key->value\nfor (Map.Entry <Integer, String> kv: map.entrySet()) {\n    System.out.println(kv.getKey() + \" -> \" + kv.getValue());\n}\n// \u5355\u72ec\u904d\u5386\u952e key\nfor (int key: map.keySet()) {\n    System.out.println(key);\n}\n// \u5355\u72ec\u904d\u5386\u503c value\nfor (String val: map.values()) {\n    System.out.println(val);\n}\n
    hash_map.cs
    /* \u904d\u5386\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\n// \u904d\u5386\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 Key->Value\nforeach (var kv in map) {\n    Console.WriteLine(kv.Key + \" -> \" + kv.Value);\n}\n// \u5355\u72ec\u904d\u5386\u952e key\nforeach (int key in map.Keys) {\n    Console.WriteLine(key);\n}\n// \u5355\u72ec\u904d\u5386\u503c value\nforeach (string val in map.Values) {\n    Console.WriteLine(val);\n}\n
    hash_map_test.go
    /* \u904d\u5386\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\n// \u904d\u5386\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 key->value\nfor key, value := range hmap {\n    fmt.Println(key, \"->\", value)\n}\n// \u5355\u72ec\u904d\u5386\u952e key\nfor key := range hmap {\n    fmt.Println(key)\n}\n// \u5355\u72ec\u904d\u5386\u503c value\nfor _, value := range hmap {\n    fmt.Println(value)\n}\n
    hash_map.swift
    /* \u904d\u5386\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\n// \u904d\u5386\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 Key->Value\nfor (key, value) in map {\n    print(\"\\(key) -> \\(value)\")\n}\n// \u5355\u72ec\u904d\u5386\u952e Key\nfor key in map.keys {\n    print(key)\n}\n// \u5355\u72ec\u904d\u5386\u503c Value\nfor value in map.values {\n    print(value)\n}\n
    hash_map.js
    /* \u904d\u5386\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nconsole.info('\\n\u904d\u5386\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 Key->Value');\nfor (const [k, v] of map.entries()) {\n    console.info(k + ' -> ' + v);\n}\nconsole.info('\\n\u5355\u72ec\u904d\u5386\u952e Key');\nfor (const k of map.keys()) {\n    console.info(k);\n}\nconsole.info('\\n\u5355\u72ec\u904d\u5386\u503c Value');\nfor (const v of map.values()) {\n    console.info(v);\n}\n
    hash_map.ts
    /* \u904d\u5386\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nconsole.info('\\n\u904d\u5386\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 Key->Value');\nfor (const [k, v] of map.entries()) {\n    console.info(k + ' -> ' + v);\n}\nconsole.info('\\n\u5355\u72ec\u904d\u5386\u952e Key');\nfor (const k of map.keys()) {\n    console.info(k);\n}\nconsole.info('\\n\u5355\u72ec\u904d\u5386\u503c Value');\nfor (const v of map.values()) {\n    console.info(v);\n}\n
    hash_map.dart
    /* \u904d\u5386\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\n// \u904d\u5386\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 Key->Value\nmap.forEach((key, value) {\n  print('$key -> $value');\n});\n\n// \u5355\u72ec\u904d\u5386\u952e Key\nmap.keys.forEach((key) {\n  print(key);\n});\n\n// \u5355\u72ec\u904d\u5386\u503c Value\nmap.values.forEach((value) {\n  print(value);\n});\n
    hash_map.rs
    /* \u904d\u5386\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\n// \u904d\u5386\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 Key->Value\nfor (key, value) in &map {\n    println!(\"{key} -> {value}\");\n}\n\n// \u5355\u72ec\u904d\u5386\u952e Key\nfor key in map.keys() {\n    println!(\"{key}\"); \n}\n\n// \u5355\u72ec\u904d\u5386\u503c Value\nfor value in map.values() {\n    println!(\"{value}\");\n}\n
    hash_map.c
    // C \u672a\u63d0\u4f9b\u5185\u7f6e\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n
    hash_map.zig
    \n
    "},{"location":"chapter_hashing/hash_map/#612","title":"6.1.2 \u00a0 \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u7b80\u5355\u5b9e\u73b0","text":"

    \u6211\u4eec\u5148\u8003\u8651\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u4ec5\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u3002\u5728\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7a7a\u4f4d\u79f0\u4e3a\u300c\u6876 bucket\u300d\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6876\u53ef\u5b58\u50a8\u4e00\u4e2a\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c\u5c31\u662f\u627e\u5230 key \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6876\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u6876\u4e2d\u83b7\u53d6 value \u3002

    \u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u57fa\u4e8e key \u5b9a\u4f4d\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6876\u5462\uff1f\u8fd9\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u300c\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570 hash function\u300d\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u3002\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u7a7a\u95f4\u6620\u5c04\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u5728\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\uff0c\u8f93\u5165\u7a7a\u95f4\u662f\u6240\u6709 key \uff0c\u8f93\u51fa\u7a7a\u95f4\u662f\u6240\u6709\u6876\uff08\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15\uff09\u3002\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u8f93\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a key \uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u5f97\u5230\u8be5 key \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002

    \u8f93\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a key \uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5206\u4e3a\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e24\u6b65\u3002

    1. \u901a\u8fc7\u67d0\u79cd\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5 hash() \u8ba1\u7b97\u5f97\u5230\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u3002
    2. \u5c06\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u5bf9\u6876\u6570\u91cf\uff08\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\uff09capacity \u53d6\u6a21\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u83b7\u53d6\u8be5 key \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15 index \u3002
    index = hash(key) % capacity\n

    \u968f\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528 index \u5728\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u8bbf\u95ee\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6876\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u83b7\u53d6 value \u3002

    \u8bbe\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6 capacity = 100\u3001\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5 hash(key) = key \uff0c\u6613\u5f97\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u4e3a key % 100 \u3002\u56fe 6-2 \u4ee5 key \u5b66\u53f7\u548c value \u59d3\u540d\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u3002

    \u56fe 6-2 \u00a0 \u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406

    \u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06 key \u548c value \u5c01\u88c5\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b Pair \uff0c\u4ee5\u8868\u793a\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u3002

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig array_hash_map.py
    class Pair:\n    \"\"\"\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\"\"\"\n\n    def __init__(self, key: int, val: str):\n        self.key = key\n        self.val = val\n\nclass ArrayHashMap:\n    \"\"\"\u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\"\"\"\n\n    def __init__(self):\n        \"\"\"\u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5\"\"\"\n        # \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5305\u542b 100 \u4e2a\u6876\n        self.buckets: list[Pair | None] = [None] * 100\n\n    def hash_func(self, key: int) -> int:\n        \"\"\"\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\"\"\"\n        index = key % 100\n        return index\n\n    def get(self, key: int) -> str:\n        \"\"\"\u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c\"\"\"\n        index: int = self.hash_func(key)\n        pair: Pair = self.buckets[index]\n        if pair is None:\n            return None\n        return pair.val\n\n    def put(self, key: int, val: str):\n        \"\"\"\u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c\"\"\"\n        pair = Pair(key, val)\n        index: int = self.hash_func(key)\n        self.buckets[index] = pair\n\n    def remove(self, key: int):\n        \"\"\"\u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c\"\"\"\n        index: int = self.hash_func(key)\n        # \u7f6e\u4e3a None \uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u5220\u9664\n        self.buckets[index] = None\n\n    def entry_set(self) -> list[Pair]:\n        \"\"\"\u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\"\"\"\n        result: list[Pair] = []\n        for pair in self.buckets:\n            if pair is not None:\n                result.append(pair)\n        return result\n\n    def key_set(self) -> list[int]:\n        \"\"\"\u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u952e\"\"\"\n        result = []\n        for pair in self.buckets:\n            if pair is not None:\n                result.append(pair.key)\n        return result\n\n    def value_set(self) -> list[str]:\n        \"\"\"\u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u503c\"\"\"\n        result = []\n        for pair in self.buckets:\n            if pair is not None:\n                result.append(pair.val)\n        return result\n\n    def print(self):\n        \"\"\"\u6253\u5370\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\"\"\"\n        for pair in self.buckets:\n            if pair is not None:\n                print(pair.key, \"->\", pair.val)\n
    array_hash_map.cpp
    /* \u952e\u503c\u5bf9 */\nstruct Pair {\n  public:\n    int key;\n    string val;\n    Pair(int key, string val) {\n        this->key = key;\n        this->val = val;\n    }\n};\n\n/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nclass ArrayHashMap {\n  private:\n    vector<Pair *> buckets;\n\n  public:\n    ArrayHashMap() {\n        // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5305\u542b 100 \u4e2a\u6876\n        buckets = vector<Pair *>(100);\n    }\n\n    ~ArrayHashMap() {\n        // \u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\n        for (const auto &bucket : buckets) {\n            delete bucket;\n        }\n        buckets.clear();\n    }\n\n    /* \u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570 */\n    int hashFunc(int key) {\n        int index = key % 100;\n        return index;\n    }\n\n    /* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    string get(int key) {\n        int index = hashFunc(key);\n        Pair *pair = buckets[index];\n        if (pair == nullptr)\n            return \"\";\n        return pair->val;\n    }\n\n    /* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    void put(int key, string val) {\n        Pair *pair = new Pair(key, val);\n        int index = hashFunc(key);\n        buckets[index] = pair;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    void remove(int key) {\n        int index = hashFunc(key);\n        // \u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\u5e76\u7f6e\u4e3a nullptr\n        delete buckets[index];\n        buckets[index] = nullptr;\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 */\n    vector<Pair *> pairSet() {\n        vector<Pair *> pairSet;\n        for (Pair *pair : buckets) {\n            if (pair != nullptr) {\n                pairSet.push_back(pair);\n            }\n        }\n        return pairSet;\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u952e */\n    vector<int> keySet() {\n        vector<int> keySet;\n        for (Pair *pair : buckets) {\n            if (pair != nullptr) {\n                keySet.push_back(pair->key);\n            }\n        }\n        return keySet;\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u503c */\n    vector<string> valueSet() {\n        vector<string> valueSet;\n        for (Pair *pair : buckets) {\n            if (pair != nullptr) {\n                valueSet.push_back(pair->val);\n            }\n        }\n        return valueSet;\n    }\n\n    /* \u6253\u5370\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\n    void print() {\n        for (Pair *kv : pairSet()) {\n            cout << kv->key << \" -> \" << kv->val << endl;\n        }\n    }\n};\n
    array_hash_map.java
    /* \u952e\u503c\u5bf9 */\nclass Pair {\n    public int key;\n    public String val;\n\n    public Pair(int key, String val) {\n        this.key = key;\n        this.val = val;\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nclass ArrayHashMap {\n    private List<Pair> buckets;\n\n    public ArrayHashMap() {\n        // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5305\u542b 100 \u4e2a\u6876\n        buckets = new ArrayList<>();\n        for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {\n            buckets.add(null);\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570 */\n    private int hashFunc(int key) {\n        int index = key % 100;\n        return index;\n    }\n\n    /* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    public String get(int key) {\n        int index = hashFunc(key);\n        Pair pair = buckets.get(index);\n        if (pair == null)\n            return null;\n        return pair.val;\n    }\n\n    /* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    public void put(int key, String val) {\n        Pair pair = new Pair(key, val);\n        int index = hashFunc(key);\n        buckets.set(index, pair);\n    }\n\n    /* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    public void remove(int key) {\n        int index = hashFunc(key);\n        // \u7f6e\u4e3a null \uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u5220\u9664\n        buckets.set(index, null);\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 */\n    public List<Pair> pairSet() {\n        List<Pair> pairSet = new ArrayList<>();\n        for (Pair pair : buckets) {\n            if (pair != null)\n                pairSet.add(pair);\n        }\n        return pairSet;\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u952e */\n    public List<Integer> keySet() {\n        List<Integer> keySet = new ArrayList<>();\n        for (Pair pair : buckets) {\n            if (pair != null)\n                keySet.add(pair.key);\n        }\n        return keySet;\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u503c */\n    public List<String> valueSet() {\n        List<String> valueSet = new ArrayList<>();\n        for (Pair pair : buckets) {\n            if (pair != null)\n                valueSet.add(pair.val);\n        }\n        return valueSet;\n    }\n\n    /* \u6253\u5370\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\n    public void print() {\n        for (Pair kv : pairSet()) {\n            System.out.println(kv.key + \" -> \" + kv.val);\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    array_hash_map.cs
    /* \u952e\u503c\u5bf9 int->string */\nclass Pair(int key, string val) {\n    public int key = key;\n    public string val = val;\n}\n\n/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nclass ArrayHashMap {\n    List<Pair?> buckets;\n    public ArrayHashMap() {\n        // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5305\u542b 100 \u4e2a\u6876\n        buckets = [];\n        for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {\n            buckets.Add(null);\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570 */\n    int HashFunc(int key) {\n        int index = key % 100;\n        return index;\n    }\n\n    /* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    public string? Get(int key) {\n        int index = HashFunc(key);\n        Pair? pair = buckets[index];\n        if (pair == null) return null;\n        return pair.val;\n    }\n\n    /* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    public void Put(int key, string val) {\n        Pair pair = new(key, val);\n        int index = HashFunc(key);\n        buckets[index] = pair;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    public void Remove(int key) {\n        int index = HashFunc(key);\n        // \u7f6e\u4e3a null \uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u5220\u9664\n        buckets[index] = null;\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 */\n    public List<Pair> PairSet() {\n        List<Pair> pairSet = [];\n        foreach (Pair? pair in buckets) {\n            if (pair != null)\n                pairSet.Add(pair);\n        }\n        return pairSet;\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u952e */\n    public List<int> KeySet() {\n        List<int> keySet = [];\n        foreach (Pair? pair in buckets) {\n            if (pair != null)\n                keySet.Add(pair.key);\n        }\n        return keySet;\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u503c */\n    public List<string> ValueSet() {\n        List<string> valueSet = [];\n        foreach (Pair? pair in buckets) {\n            if (pair != null)\n                valueSet.Add(pair.val);\n        }\n        return valueSet;\n    }\n\n    /* \u6253\u5370\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\n    public void Print() {\n        foreach (Pair kv in PairSet()) {\n            Console.WriteLine(kv.key + \" -> \" + kv.val);\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    array_hash_map.go
    /* \u952e\u503c\u5bf9 */\ntype pair struct {\n    key int\n    val string\n}\n\n/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\ntype arrayHashMap struct {\n    buckets []*pair\n}\n\n/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nfunc newArrayHashMap() *arrayHashMap {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5305\u542b 100 \u4e2a\u6876\n    buckets := make([]*pair, 100)\n    return &arrayHashMap{buckets: buckets}\n}\n\n/* \u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570 */\nfunc (a *arrayHashMap) hashFunc(key int) int {\n    index := key % 100\n    return index\n}\n\n/* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\nfunc (a *arrayHashMap) get(key int) string {\n    index := a.hashFunc(key)\n    pair := a.buckets[index]\n    if pair == nil {\n        return \"Not Found\"\n    }\n    return pair.val\n}\n\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\nfunc (a *arrayHashMap) put(key int, val string) {\n    pair := &pair{key: key, val: val}\n    index := a.hashFunc(key)\n    a.buckets[index] = pair\n}\n\n/* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\nfunc (a *arrayHashMap) remove(key int) {\n    index := a.hashFunc(key)\n    // \u7f6e\u4e3a nil \uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u5220\u9664\n    a.buckets[index] = nil\n}\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u952e\u5bf9 */\nfunc (a *arrayHashMap) pairSet() []*pair {\n    var pairs []*pair\n    for _, pair := range a.buckets {\n        if pair != nil {\n            pairs = append(pairs, pair)\n        }\n    }\n    return pairs\n}\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u952e */\nfunc (a *arrayHashMap) keySet() []int {\n    var keys []int\n    for _, pair := range a.buckets {\n        if pair != nil {\n            keys = append(keys, pair.key)\n        }\n    }\n    return keys\n}\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u503c */\nfunc (a *arrayHashMap) valueSet() []string {\n    var values []string\n    for _, pair := range a.buckets {\n        if pair != nil {\n            values = append(values, pair.val)\n        }\n    }\n    return values\n}\n\n/* \u6253\u5370\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nfunc (a *arrayHashMap) print() {\n    for _, pair := range a.buckets {\n        if pair != nil {\n            fmt.Println(pair.key, \"->\", pair.val)\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    array_hash_map.swift
    /* \u952e\u503c\u5bf9 */\nclass Pair: Equatable {\n    public var key: Int\n    public var val: String\n\n    public init(key: Int, val: String) {\n        self.key = key\n        self.val = val\n    }\n\n    public static func == (lhs: Pair, rhs: Pair) -> Bool {\n        lhs.key == rhs.key && lhs.val == rhs.val\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nclass ArrayHashMap {\n    private var buckets: [Pair?] = []\n\n    init() {\n        // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5305\u542b 100 \u4e2a\u6876\n        for _ in 0 ..< 100 {\n            buckets.append(nil)\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570 */\n    private func hashFunc(key: Int) -> Int {\n        let index = key % 100\n        return index\n    }\n\n    /* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    func get(key: Int) -> String? {\n        let index = hashFunc(key: key)\n        let pair = buckets[index]\n        return pair?.val\n    }\n\n    /* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    func put(key: Int, val: String) {\n        let pair = Pair(key: key, val: val)\n        let index = hashFunc(key: key)\n        buckets[index] = pair\n    }\n\n    /* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    func remove(key: Int) {\n        let index = hashFunc(key: key)\n        // \u7f6e\u4e3a nil \uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u5220\u9664\n        buckets[index] = nil\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 */\n    func pairSet() -> [Pair] {\n        var pairSet: [Pair] = []\n        for pair in buckets {\n            if let pair = pair {\n                pairSet.append(pair)\n            }\n        }\n        return pairSet\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u952e */\n    func keySet() -> [Int] {\n        var keySet: [Int] = []\n        for pair in buckets {\n            if let pair = pair {\n                keySet.append(pair.key)\n            }\n        }\n        return keySet\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u503c */\n    func valueSet() -> [String] {\n        var valueSet: [String] = []\n        for pair in buckets {\n            if let pair = pair {\n                valueSet.append(pair.val)\n            }\n        }\n        return valueSet\n    }\n\n    /* \u6253\u5370\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\n    func print() {\n        for pair in pairSet() {\n            Swift.print(\"\\(pair.key) -> \\(pair.val)\")\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    array_hash_map.js
    /* \u952e\u503c\u5bf9 Number -> String */\nclass Pair {\n    constructor(key, val) {\n        this.key = key;\n        this.val = val;\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nclass ArrayHashMap {\n    #buckets;\n    constructor() {\n        // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5305\u542b 100 \u4e2a\u6876\n        this.#buckets = new Array(100).fill(null);\n    }\n\n    /* \u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570 */\n    #hashFunc(key) {\n        return key % 100;\n    }\n\n    /* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    get(key) {\n        let index = this.#hashFunc(key);\n        let pair = this.#buckets[index];\n        if (pair === null) return null;\n        return pair.val;\n    }\n\n    /* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    set(key, val) {\n        let index = this.#hashFunc(key);\n        this.#buckets[index] = new Pair(key, val);\n    }\n\n    /* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    delete(key) {\n        let index = this.#hashFunc(key);\n        // \u7f6e\u4e3a null \uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u5220\u9664\n        this.#buckets[index] = null;\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 */\n    entries() {\n        let arr = [];\n        for (let i = 0; i < this.#buckets.length; i++) {\n            if (this.#buckets[i]) {\n                arr.push(this.#buckets[i]);\n            }\n        }\n        return arr;\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u952e */\n    keys() {\n        let arr = [];\n        for (let i = 0; i < this.#buckets.length; i++) {\n            if (this.#buckets[i]) {\n                arr.push(this.#buckets[i].key);\n            }\n        }\n        return arr;\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u503c */\n    values() {\n        let arr = [];\n        for (let i = 0; i < this.#buckets.length; i++) {\n            if (this.#buckets[i]) {\n                arr.push(this.#buckets[i].val);\n            }\n        }\n        return arr;\n    }\n\n    /* \u6253\u5370\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\n    print() {\n        let pairSet = this.entries();\n        for (const pair of pairSet) {\n            console.info(`${pair.key} -> ${pair.val}`);\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    array_hash_map.ts
    /* \u952e\u503c\u5bf9 Number -> String */\nclass Pair {\n    public key: number;\n    public val: string;\n\n    constructor(key: number, val: string) {\n        this.key = key;\n        this.val = val;\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nclass ArrayHashMap {\n    private readonly buckets: (Pair | null)[];\n\n    constructor() {\n        // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5305\u542b 100 \u4e2a\u6876\n        this.buckets = new Array(100).fill(null);\n    }\n\n    /* \u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570 */\n    private hashFunc(key: number): number {\n        return key % 100;\n    }\n\n    /* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    public get(key: number): string | null {\n        let index = this.hashFunc(key);\n        let pair = this.buckets[index];\n        if (pair === null) return null;\n        return pair.val;\n    }\n\n    /* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    public set(key: number, val: string) {\n        let index = this.hashFunc(key);\n        this.buckets[index] = new Pair(key, val);\n    }\n\n    /* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    public delete(key: number) {\n        let index = this.hashFunc(key);\n        // \u7f6e\u4e3a null \uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u5220\u9664\n        this.buckets[index] = null;\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 */\n    public entries(): (Pair | null)[] {\n        let arr: (Pair | null)[] = [];\n        for (let i = 0; i < this.buckets.length; i++) {\n            if (this.buckets[i]) {\n                arr.push(this.buckets[i]);\n            }\n        }\n        return arr;\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u952e */\n    public keys(): (number | undefined)[] {\n        let arr: (number | undefined)[] = [];\n        for (let i = 0; i < this.buckets.length; i++) {\n            if (this.buckets[i]) {\n                arr.push(this.buckets[i].key);\n            }\n        }\n        return arr;\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u503c */\n    public values(): (string | undefined)[] {\n        let arr: (string | undefined)[] = [];\n        for (let i = 0; i < this.buckets.length; i++) {\n            if (this.buckets[i]) {\n                arr.push(this.buckets[i].val);\n            }\n        }\n        return arr;\n    }\n\n    /* \u6253\u5370\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\n    public print() {\n        let pairSet = this.entries();\n        for (const pair of pairSet) {\n            console.info(`${pair.key} -> ${pair.val}`);\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    array_hash_map.dart
    /* \u952e\u503c\u5bf9 */\nclass Pair {\n  int key;\n  String val;\n  Pair(this.key, this.val);\n}\n\n/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nclass ArrayHashMap {\n  late List<Pair?> _buckets;\n\n  ArrayHashMap() {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5305\u542b 100 \u4e2a\u6876\n    _buckets = List.filled(100, null);\n  }\n\n  /* \u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570 */\n  int _hashFunc(int key) {\n    final int index = key % 100;\n    return index;\n  }\n\n  /* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\n  String? get(int key) {\n    final int index = _hashFunc(key);\n    final Pair? pair = _buckets[index];\n    if (pair == null) {\n      return null;\n    }\n    return pair.val;\n  }\n\n  /* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\n  void put(int key, String val) {\n    final Pair pair = Pair(key, val);\n    final int index = _hashFunc(key);\n    _buckets[index] = pair;\n  }\n\n  /* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\n  void remove(int key) {\n    final int index = _hashFunc(key);\n    _buckets[index] = null;\n  }\n\n  /* \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 */\n  List<Pair> pairSet() {\n    List<Pair> pairSet = [];\n    for (final Pair? pair in _buckets) {\n      if (pair != null) {\n        pairSet.add(pair);\n      }\n    }\n    return pairSet;\n  }\n\n  /* \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u952e */\n  List<int> keySet() {\n    List<int> keySet = [];\n    for (final Pair? pair in _buckets) {\n      if (pair != null) {\n        keySet.add(pair.key);\n      }\n    }\n    return keySet;\n  }\n\n  /* \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u503c */\n  List<String> values() {\n    List<String> valueSet = [];\n    for (final Pair? pair in _buckets) {\n      if (pair != null) {\n        valueSet.add(pair.val);\n      }\n    }\n    return valueSet;\n  }\n\n  /* \u6253\u5370\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\n  void printHashMap() {\n    for (final Pair kv in pairSet()) {\n      print(\"${kv.key} -> ${kv.val}\");\n    }\n  }\n}\n
    array_hash_map.rs
    /* \u952e\u503c\u5bf9 */\n#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]\npub struct Pair {\n    pub key: i32,\n    pub val: String,\n}\n\n/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\npub struct ArrayHashMap {\n    buckets: Vec<Option<Pair>>\n}\n\nimpl ArrayHashMap {\n    pub fn new() -> ArrayHashMap {\n        // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5305\u542b 100 \u4e2a\u6876\n        Self { buckets: vec![None; 100] }\n    }\n\n    /* \u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570 */\n    fn hash_func(&self, key: i32) -> usize {\n        key as usize % 100\n    }\n\n    /* \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    pub fn get(&self, key: i32) -> Option<&String> {\n        let index = self.hash_func(key);\n        self.buckets[index].as_ref().map(|pair| &pair.val)\n    }\n\n    /* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    pub fn put(&mut self, key: i32, val: &str) {\n        let index = self.hash_func(key);\n        self.buckets[index] = Some(Pair {\n            key,\n            val: val.to_string(),\n        });\n    }\n\n    /* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    pub fn remove(&mut self, key: i32) {\n        let index = self.hash_func(key);\n        // \u7f6e\u4e3a None \uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u5220\u9664\n        self.buckets[index] = None;\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 */\n    pub fn entry_set(&self) -> Vec<&Pair> {\n        self.buckets.iter().filter_map(|pair| pair.as_ref()).collect()\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u952e */\n    pub fn key_set(&self) -> Vec<&i32> {\n        self.buckets.iter().filter_map(|pair| pair.as_ref().map(|pair| &pair.key)).collect()\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u503c */\n    pub fn value_set(&self) -> Vec<&String> {\n        self.buckets.iter().filter_map(|pair| pair.as_ref().map(|pair| &pair.val)).collect()\n    }\n\n    /* \u6253\u5370\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\n    pub fn print(&self) {\n        for pair in self.entry_set() {\n            println!(\"{} -> {}\", pair.key, pair.val);\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    array_hash_map.c
    /* \u952e\u503c\u5bf9 int->string */\ntypedef struct {\n    int key;\n    char *val;\n} Pair;\n\n/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\ntypedef struct {\n    Pair *buckets[HASHTABLE_CAPACITY];\n} ArrayHashMap;\n\n/* \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570 */\nArrayHashMap *newArrayHashMap() {\n    ArrayHashMap *hmap = malloc(sizeof(ArrayHashMap));\n    return hmap;\n}\n\n/* \u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570 */\nvoid delArrayHashMap(ArrayHashMap *hmap) {\n    for (int i = 0; i < HASHTABLE_CAPACITY; i++) {\n        if (hmap->buckets[i] != NULL) {\n            free(hmap->buckets[i]->val);\n            free(hmap->buckets[i]);\n        }\n    }\n    free(hmap);\n}\n\n/* \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c */\nvoid put(ArrayHashMap *hmap, const int key, const char *val) {\n    Pair *Pair = malloc(sizeof(Pair));\n    Pair->key = key;\n    Pair->val = malloc(strlen(val) + 1);\n    strcpy(Pair->val, val);\n\n    int index = hashFunc(key);\n    hmap->buckets[index] = Pair;\n}\n\n/* \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c */\nvoid removeItem(ArrayHashMap *hmap, const int key) {\n    int index = hashFunc(key);\n    free(hmap->buckets[index]->val);\n    free(hmap->buckets[index]);\n    hmap->buckets[index] = NULL;\n}\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 */\nvoid pairSet(ArrayHashMap *hmap, MapSet *set) {\n    Pair *entries;\n    int i = 0, index = 0;\n    int total = 0;\n    /* \u7edf\u8ba1\u6709\u6548\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6570\u91cf */\n    for (i = 0; i < HASHTABLE_CAPACITY; i++) {\n        if (hmap->buckets[i] != NULL) {\n            total++;\n        }\n    }\n    entries = malloc(sizeof(Pair) * total);\n    for (i = 0; i < HASHTABLE_CAPACITY; i++) {\n        if (hmap->buckets[i] != NULL) {\n            entries[index].key = hmap->buckets[i]->key;\n            entries[index].val = malloc(strlen(hmap->buckets[i]->val) + 1);\n            strcpy(entries[index].val, hmap->buckets[i]->val);\n            index++;\n        }\n    }\n    set->set = entries;\n    set->len = total;\n}\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u952e */\nvoid keySet(ArrayHashMap *hmap, MapSet *set) {\n    int *keys;\n    int i = 0, index = 0;\n    int total = 0;\n    /* \u7edf\u8ba1\u6709\u6548\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6570\u91cf */\n    for (i = 0; i < HASHTABLE_CAPACITY; i++) {\n        if (hmap->buckets[i] != NULL) {\n            total++;\n        }\n    }\n    keys = malloc(total * sizeof(int));\n    for (i = 0; i < HASHTABLE_CAPACITY; i++) {\n        if (hmap->buckets[i] != NULL) {\n            keys[index] = hmap->buckets[i]->key;\n            index++;\n        }\n    }\n    set->set = keys;\n    set->len = total;\n}\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u503c */\nvoid valueSet(ArrayHashMap *hmap, MapSet *set) {\n    char **vals;\n    int i = 0, index = 0;\n    int total = 0;\n    /* \u7edf\u8ba1\u6709\u6548\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6570\u91cf */\n    for (i = 0; i < HASHTABLE_CAPACITY; i++) {\n        if (hmap->buckets[i] != NULL) {\n            total++;\n        }\n    }\n    vals = malloc(total * sizeof(char *));\n    for (i = 0; i < HASHTABLE_CAPACITY; i++) {\n        if (hmap->buckets[i] != NULL) {\n            vals[index] = hmap->buckets[i]->val;\n            index++;\n        }\n    }\n    set->set = vals;\n    set->len = total;\n}\n\n/* \u6253\u5370\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nvoid print(ArrayHashMap *hmap) {\n    int i;\n    MapSet set;\n    pairSet(hmap, &set);\n    Pair *entries = (Pair *)set.set;\n    for (i = 0; i < set.len; i++) {\n        printf(\"%d -> %s\\n\", entries[i].key, entries[i].val);\n    }\n    free(set.set);\n}\n
    array_hash_map.zig
    // \u952e\u503c\u5bf9\nconst Pair = struct {\n    key: usize = undefined,\n    val: []const u8 = undefined,\n\n   pub fn init(key: usize, val: []const u8) Pair {\n        return Pair {\n            .key = key,\n            .val = val,\n        };\n    }\n};\n\n// \u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\nfn ArrayHashMap(comptime T: type) type {\n    return struct {\n        bucket: ?std.ArrayList(?T) = null,\n        mem_allocator: std.mem.Allocator = undefined,\n\n        const Self = @This();\n\n        // \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\n        pub fn init(self: *Self, allocator: std.mem.Allocator) !void {\n            self.mem_allocator = allocator;\n            // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 100 \u7684\u6876\uff08\u6570\u7ec4\uff09\n            self.bucket = std.ArrayList(?T).init(self.mem_allocator);\n            var i: i32 = 0;\n            while (i < 100) : (i += 1) {\n                try self.bucket.?.append(null);\n            }\n        }\n\n        // \u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\n        pub fn deinit(self: *Self) void {\n            if (self.bucket != null) self.bucket.?.deinit();\n        }\n\n        // \u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\n        fn hashFunc(key: usize) usize {\n            var index = key % 100;\n            return index;\n        }\n\n        // \u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c\n        pub fn get(self: *Self, key: usize) []const u8 {\n            var index = hashFunc(key);\n            var pair = self.bucket.?.items[index];\n            return pair.?.val;\n        }\n\n        // \u6dfb\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c\n        pub fn put(self: *Self, key: usize, val: []const u8) !void {\n            var pair = Pair.init(key, val);\n            var index = hashFunc(key);\n            self.bucket.?.items[index] = pair;\n        }\n\n        // \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c\n        pub fn remove(self: *Self, key: usize) !void {\n            var index = hashFunc(key);\n            // \u7f6e\u4e3a null \uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u5220\u9664\n            self.bucket.?.items[index] = null;\n        }       \n\n        // \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\n        pub fn pairSet(self: *Self) !std.ArrayList(T) {\n            var entry_set = std.ArrayList(T).init(self.mem_allocator);\n            for (self.bucket.?.items) |item| {\n                if (item == null) continue;\n                try entry_set.append(item.?);\n            }\n            return entry_set;\n        }  \n\n        // \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u952e\n        pub fn keySet(self: *Self) !std.ArrayList(usize) {\n            var key_set = std.ArrayList(usize).init(self.mem_allocator);\n            for (self.bucket.?.items) |item| {\n                if (item == null) continue;\n                try key_set.append(item.?.key);\n            }\n            return key_set;\n        }  \n\n        // \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u503c\n        pub fn valueSet(self: *Self) !std.ArrayList([]const u8) {\n            var value_set = std.ArrayList([]const u8).init(self.mem_allocator);\n            for (self.bucket.?.items) |item| {\n                if (item == null) continue;\n                try value_set.append(item.?.val);\n            }\n            return value_set;\n        }\n\n        // \u6253\u5370\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\n        pub fn print(self: *Self) !void {\n            var entry_set = try self.pairSet();\n            defer entry_set.deinit();\n            for (entry_set.items) |item| {\n                std.debug.print(\"{} -> {s}\\n\", .{item.key, item.val});\n            }\n        }\n    };\n}\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_hashing/hash_map/#613","title":"6.1.3 \u00a0 \u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\u4e0e\u6269\u5bb9","text":"

    \u4ece\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u5c06\u6240\u6709 key \u6784\u6210\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u7a7a\u95f4\u6620\u5c04\u5230\u6570\u7ec4\u6240\u6709\u7d22\u5f15\u6784\u6210\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u800c\u8f93\u5165\u7a7a\u95f4\u5f80\u5f80\u8fdc\u5927\u4e8e\u8f93\u51fa\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u4e00\u5b9a\u5b58\u5728\u201c\u591a\u4e2a\u8f93\u5165\u5bf9\u5e94\u76f8\u540c\u8f93\u51fa\u201d\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002

    \u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e0a\u8ff0\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5f53\u8f93\u5165\u7684 key \u540e\u4e24\u4f4d\u76f8\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c\u4e5f\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u67e5\u8be2\u5b66\u53f7\u4e3a 12836 \u548c 20336 \u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b66\u751f\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5f97\u5230\uff1a

    12836 % 100 = 36\n20336 % 100 = 36\n

    \u5982\u56fe 6-3 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b66\u53f7\u6307\u5411\u4e86\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u59d3\u540d\uff0c\u8fd9\u663e\u7136\u662f\u4e0d\u5bf9\u7684\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8fd9\u79cd\u591a\u4e2a\u8f93\u5165\u5bf9\u5e94\u540c\u4e00\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u79f0\u4e3a\u300c\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81 hash collision\u300d\u3002

    \u56fe 6-3 \u00a0 \u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\u793a\u4f8b

    \u5bb9\u6613\u60f3\u5230\uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf \\(n\\) \u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u591a\u4e2a key \u88ab\u5206\u914d\u5230\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6876\u4e2d\u7684\u6982\u7387\u5c31\u8d8a\u4f4e\uff0c\u51b2\u7a81\u5c31\u8d8a\u5c11\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6269\u5bb9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u6765\u51cf\u5c11\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\u3002

    \u5982\u56fe 6-4 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u6269\u5bb9\u524d\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 (136, A) \u548c (236, D) \u53d1\u751f\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u6269\u5bb9\u540e\u51b2\u7a81\u6d88\u5931\u3002

    \u56fe 6-4 \u00a0 \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u6269\u5bb9

    \u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u6269\u5bb9\uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u6269\u5bb9\u9700\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u4ece\u539f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u8fc1\u79fb\u81f3\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u8017\u65f6\uff1b\u5e76\u4e14\u7531\u4e8e\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf capacity \u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u91cd\u65b0\u8ba1\u7b97\u6240\u6709\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u8fd9\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u6269\u5bb9\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u5f00\u9500\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u9884\u7559\u8db3\u591f\u5927\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u9891\u7e41\u6269\u5bb9\u3002

    \u300c\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50 load factor\u300d\u662f\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5176\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u9664\u4ee5\u6876\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8861\u91cf\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u4e25\u91cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e5f\u5e38\u4f5c\u4e3a\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u89e6\u53d1\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u5728 Java \u4e2d\uff0c\u5f53\u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u8d85\u8fc7 \\(0.75\\) \u65f6\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u5c06\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u6269\u5bb9\u81f3\u539f\u5148\u7684 \\(2\\) \u500d\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_hashing/summary/","title":"6.4 \u00a0 \u5c0f\u7ed3","text":""},{"location":"chapter_hashing/summary/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u91cd\u70b9\u56de\u987e","text":"
    • \u8f93\u5165 key \uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u80fd\u591f\u5728 \\(O(1)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u67e5\u8be2\u5230 value \uff0c\u6548\u7387\u975e\u5e38\u9ad8\u3002
    • \u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u64cd\u4f5c\u5305\u62ec\u67e5\u8be2\u3001\u6dfb\u52a0\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u3001\u5220\u9664\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u548c\u904d\u5386\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u7b49\u3002
    • \u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u5c06 key \u6620\u5c04\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u8bbf\u95ee\u5bf9\u5e94\u6876\u5e76\u83b7\u53d6 value \u3002
    • \u4e24\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684 key \u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u7ecf\u8fc7\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u540e\u5f97\u5230\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u51fa\u9519\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u73b0\u8c61\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\u3002
    • \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u6982\u7387\u5c31\u8d8a\u4f4e\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6269\u5bb9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u6765\u7f13\u89e3\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u4e0e\u6570\u7ec4\u6269\u5bb9\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u6269\u5bb9\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u5f00\u9500\u5f88\u5927\u3002
    • \u8d1f\u8f7d\u56e0\u5b50\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u9664\u4ee5\u6876\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u4e25\u91cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u5e38\u7528\u4f5c\u89e6\u53d1\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u3002
    • \u94fe\u5f0f\u5730\u5740\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u5355\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u94fe\u8868\uff0c\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u51b2\u7a81\u5143\u7d20\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u94fe\u8868\u8fc7\u957f\u4f1a\u964d\u4f4e\u67e5\u8be2\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5c06\u94fe\u8868\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u7ea2\u9ed1\u6811\u6765\u63d0\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\u3002
    • \u5f00\u653e\u5bfb\u5740\u901a\u8fc7\u591a\u6b21\u63a2\u6d4b\u6765\u5904\u7406\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\u4f7f\u7528\u56fa\u5b9a\u6b65\u957f\uff0c\u7f3a\u70b9\u662f\u4e0d\u80fd\u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u4e14\u5bb9\u6613\u4ea7\u751f\u805a\u96c6\u3002\u591a\u6b21\u54c8\u5e0c\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u4e2a\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u8fdb\u884c\u63a2\u6d4b\uff0c\u76f8\u8f83\u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\u66f4\u4e0d\u6613\u4ea7\u751f\u805a\u96c6\uff0c\u4f46\u591a\u4e2a\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u8ba1\u7b97\u91cf\u3002
    • \u4e0d\u540c\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u91c7\u53d6\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cJava \u7684 HashMap \u4f7f\u7528\u94fe\u5f0f\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u800c Python \u7684 Dict \u91c7\u7528\u5f00\u653e\u5bfb\u5740\u3002
    • \u5728\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u5177\u6709\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u3001\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\u548c\u5747\u5300\u5206\u5e03\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u3002\u5728\u5bc6\u7801\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u8fd8\u5e94\u8be5\u5177\u5907\u6297\u78b0\u649e\u6027\u548c\u96ea\u5d29\u6548\u5e94\u3002
    • \u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u901a\u5e38\u91c7\u7528\u5927\u8d28\u6570\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6a21\u6570\uff0c\u4ee5\u6700\u5927\u5316\u5730\u4fdd\u8bc1\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u5747\u5300\u5206\u5e03\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\u3002
    • \u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u5305\u62ec MD5\u3001SHA-1\u3001SHA-2 \u548c SHA-3 \u7b49\u3002MD5 \u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u6821\u9a8c\u6587\u4ef6\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\uff0cSHA-2 \u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u5b89\u5168\u5e94\u7528\u4e0e\u534f\u8bae\u3002
    • \u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u63d0\u4f9b\u5185\u7f6e\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8ba1\u7b97\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u53ef\u54c8\u5e0c\u7684\u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_hashing/summary/#2-q-a","title":"2. \u00a0 Q & A","text":"

    \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5728\u4ec0\u4e48\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u662f \\(O(n)\\) \uff1f

    \u5f53\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e25\u91cd\u65f6\uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4f1a\u9000\u5316\u81f3 \\(O(n)\\) \u3002\u5f53\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5f97\u6bd4\u8f83\u597d\u3001\u5bb9\u91cf\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6bd4\u8f83\u5408\u7406\u3001\u51b2\u7a81\u6bd4\u8f83\u5e73\u5747\u65f6\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u662f \\(O(1)\\) \u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u65f6\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u8ba4\u4e3a\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u662f \\(O(1)\\) \u3002

    \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570 \\(f(x) = x\\) \u5462\uff1f\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6709\u51b2\u7a81\u4e86

    \u5728 \\(f(x) = x\\) \u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u4e0b\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5bf9\u5e94\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u6876\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0e\u6570\u7ec4\u7b49\u4ef7\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8f93\u5165\u7a7a\u95f4\u901a\u5e38\u8fdc\u5927\u4e8e\u8f93\u51fa\u7a7a\u95f4\uff08\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b65\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u5bf9\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u53d6\u6a21\u3002\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u7a7a\u95f4\u6620\u5c04\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b \\(O(1)\\) \u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u6548\u7387\u3002

    \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5e95\u5c42\u5b9e\u73b0\u662f\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u94fe\u8868\u3001\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff0c\u4f46\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6548\u7387\u53ef\u4ee5\u6bd4\u5b83\u4eec\u66f4\u9ad8\u5462\uff1f

    \u9996\u5148\uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6548\u7387\u53d8\u9ad8\uff0c\u4f46\u7a7a\u95f4\u6548\u7387\u53d8\u4f4e\u4e86\u3002\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u6709\u76f8\u5f53\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u5185\u5b58\u672a\u4f7f\u7528\u3002

    \u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u4f7f\u7528\u573a\u666f\u4e0b\u65f6\u95f4\u6548\u7387\u53d8\u9ad8\u4e86\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u529f\u80fd\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e0b\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u7ec4\u6216\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u901a\u5e38\u6bd4\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u66f4\u5feb\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u8ba1\u7b97\u9700\u8981\u5f00\u9500\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7684\u5e38\u6570\u9879\u66f4\u5927\u3002

    \u6700\u540e\uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u52a3\u5316\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u94fe\u5f0f\u5730\u5740\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u91c7\u53d6\u5728\u94fe\u8868\u6216\u7ea2\u9ed1\u6811\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\u67e5\u627e\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u6709\u9000\u5316\u81f3 \\(O(n)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u3002

    \u591a\u6b21\u54c8\u5e0c\u6709\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7f3a\u9677\u5417\uff1f\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a\u5df2\u5220\u9664\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u8fd8\u80fd\u518d\u6b21\u4f7f\u7528\u5417\uff1f

    \u591a\u6b21\u54c8\u5e0c\u662f\u5f00\u653e\u5bfb\u5740\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\uff0c\u5f00\u653e\u5bfb\u5740\u6cd5\u90fd\u6709\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7f3a\u9677\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u6807\u8bb0\u5220\u9664\u3002\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a\u5df2\u5220\u9664\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u518d\u6b21\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u5f53\u5c06\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u63d2\u5165\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u901a\u8fc7\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u627e\u5230\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a\u5df2\u5220\u9664\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u65f6\uff0c\u8be5\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u65e2\u80fd\u4fdd\u6301\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u7684\u63a2\u6d4b\u5e8f\u5217\u4e0d\u53d8\uff0c\u53c8\u80fd\u4fdd\u8bc1\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f7f\u7528\u7387\u3002

    \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5728\u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u67e5\u627e\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\u5462\uff1f

    \u67e5\u627e\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u901a\u8fc7\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u627e\u5230\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6876\u548c\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0 key \u4e0d\u5339\u914d\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u4ee3\u8868\u6709\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\u6cd5\u4f1a\u6839\u636e\u9884\u5148\u8bbe\u5b9a\u7684\u6b65\u957f\u4f9d\u6b21\u5411\u4e0b\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u627e\u5230\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6216\u65e0\u6cd5\u627e\u5230\u8df3\u51fa\u4e3a\u6b62\u3002

    \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u6269\u5bb9\u80fd\u591f\u7f13\u89e3\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\uff1f

    \u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b65\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u5bf9\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6 \\(n\\) \u53d6\u6a21\uff08\u53d6\u4f59\uff09\uff0c\u8ba9\u8f93\u51fa\u503c\u843d\u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15\u8303\u56f4\u5185\uff1b\u5728\u6269\u5bb9\u540e\uff0c\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6 \\(n\\) \u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u800c key \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u539f\u5148\u843d\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6876\u7684\u591a\u4e2a key \uff0c\u5728\u6269\u5bb9\u540e\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u5206\u914d\u5230\u591a\u4e2a\u6876\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5b9e\u73b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u7f13\u89e3\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_heap/","title":"\u7b2c 8 \u7ae0 \u00a0 \u5806","text":"

    Abstract

    \u5806\u5c31\u50cf\u662f\u5c71\u5cb3\u5cf0\u5ce6\uff0c\u5c42\u53e0\u8d77\u4f0f\u3001\u5f62\u6001\u5404\u5f02\u3002

    \u5ea7\u5ea7\u5c71\u5cf0\u9ad8\u4f4e\u9519\u843d\uff0c\u800c\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u5c71\u5cf0\u603b\u662f\u6700\u5148\u6620\u5165\u773c\u5e18\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_heap/#_1","title":"\u672c\u7ae0\u5185\u5bb9","text":"
    • 8.1 \u00a0 \u5806
    • 8.2 \u00a0 \u5efa\u5806\u64cd\u4f5c
    • 8.3 \u00a0 Top-k \u95ee\u9898
    • 8.4 \u00a0 \u5c0f\u7ed3
    "},{"location":"chapter_heap/build_heap/","title":"8.2 \u00a0 \u5efa\u5806\u64cd\u4f5c","text":"

    \u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u5217\u8868\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u6765\u6784\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5806\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u5efa\u5806\u64cd\u4f5c\u201d\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_heap/build_heap/#821","title":"8.2.1 \u00a0 \u501f\u52a9\u5165\u5806\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b9e\u73b0","text":"

    \u6211\u4eec\u9996\u5148\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u5806\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u904d\u5386\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u4f9d\u6b21\u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u6267\u884c\u201c\u5165\u5806\u64cd\u4f5c\u201d\uff0c\u5373\u5148\u5c06\u5143\u7d20\u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u5806\u7684\u5c3e\u90e8\uff0c\u518d\u5bf9\u8be5\u5143\u7d20\u6267\u884c\u201c\u4ece\u5e95\u81f3\u9876\u201d\u5806\u5316\u3002

    \u6bcf\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806\uff0c\u5806\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u5c31\u52a0\u4e00\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u8282\u70b9\u662f\u4ece\u9876\u5230\u5e95\u4f9d\u6b21\u88ab\u6dfb\u52a0\u8fdb\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5806\u662f\u201c\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u201d\u6784\u5efa\u7684\u3002

    \u8bbe\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u4e3a \\(n\\) \uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u5165\u5806\u64cd\u4f5c\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(\\log{n})\\) \u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8be5\u5efa\u5806\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n \\log n)\\) \u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_heap/build_heap/#822","title":"8.2.2 \u00a0 \u901a\u8fc7\u904d\u5386\u5806\u5316\u5b9e\u73b0","text":"

    \u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e00\u79cd\u66f4\u4e3a\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u5efa\u5806\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5171\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u6b65\u3002

    1. \u5c06\u5217\u8868\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u539f\u5c01\u4e0d\u52a8\u5730\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u5806\u4e2d\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u5806\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u5c1a\u672a\u5f97\u5230\u6ee1\u8db3\u3002
    2. \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u5806\uff08\u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u7684\u5012\u5e8f\uff09\uff0c\u4f9d\u6b21\u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u975e\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u6267\u884c\u201c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316\u201d\u3002

    \u6bcf\u5f53\u5806\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u540e\uff0c\u4ee5\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u4e3a\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5b50\u6811\u5c31\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u5b50\u5806\u3002\u800c\u7531\u4e8e\u662f\u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5806\u662f\u201c\u81ea\u4e0b\u800c\u4e0a\u201d\u6784\u5efa\u7684\u3002

    \u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u6837\u80fd\u591f\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5f53\u524d\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u4e0b\u7684\u5b50\u6811\u5df2\u7ecf\u662f\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u5b50\u5806\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5806\u5316\u5f53\u524d\u8282\u70b9\u624d\u662f\u6709\u6548\u7684\u3002

    \u503c\u5f97\u8bf4\u660e\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u6ca1\u6709\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u4eec\u5929\u7136\u5c31\u662f\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u5b50\u5806\uff0c\u65e0\u987b\u5806\u5316\u3002\u5982\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u662f\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7236\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4ece\u5b83\u5f00\u59cb\u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u5e76\u6267\u884c\u5806\u5316\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig my_heap.py
    def __init__(self, nums: list[int]):\n    \"\"\"\u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u8f93\u5165\u5217\u8868\u5efa\u5806\"\"\"\n    # \u5c06\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\u539f\u5c01\u4e0d\u52a8\u6dfb\u52a0\u8fdb\u5806\n    self.max_heap = nums\n    # \u5806\u5316\u9664\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\n    for i in range(self.parent(self.size() - 1), -1, -1):\n        self.sift_down(i)\n
    my_heap.cpp
    /* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u8f93\u5165\u5217\u8868\u5efa\u5806 */\nMaxHeap(vector<int> nums) {\n    // \u5c06\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\u539f\u5c01\u4e0d\u52a8\u6dfb\u52a0\u8fdb\u5806\n    maxHeap = nums;\n    // \u5806\u5316\u9664\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\n    for (int i = parent(size() - 1); i >= 0; i--) {\n        siftDown(i);\n    }\n}\n
    my_heap.java
    /* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u8f93\u5165\u5217\u8868\u5efa\u5806 */\nMaxHeap(List<Integer> nums) {\n    // \u5c06\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\u539f\u5c01\u4e0d\u52a8\u6dfb\u52a0\u8fdb\u5806\n    maxHeap = new ArrayList<>(nums);\n    // \u5806\u5316\u9664\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\n    for (int i = parent(size() - 1); i >= 0; i--) {\n        siftDown(i);\n    }\n}\n
    my_heap.cs
    /* \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u8f93\u5165\u5217\u8868\u5efa\u5806 */\nMaxHeap(IEnumerable<int> nums) {\n    // \u5c06\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\u539f\u5c01\u4e0d\u52a8\u6dfb\u52a0\u8fdb\u5806\n    maxHeap = new List<int>(nums);\n    // \u5806\u5316\u9664\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\n    var size = Parent(this.Size() - 1);\n    for (int i = size; i >= 0; i--) {\n        SiftDown(i);\n    }\n}\n
    my_heap.go
    /* \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u5207\u7247\u5efa\u5806 */\nfunc newMaxHeap(nums []any) *maxHeap {\n    // \u5c06\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\u539f\u5c01\u4e0d\u52a8\u6dfb\u52a0\u8fdb\u5806\n    h := &maxHeap{data: nums}\n    for i := h.parent(len(h.data) - 1); i >= 0; i-- {\n        // \u5806\u5316\u9664\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\n        h.siftDown(i)\n    }\n    return h\n}\n
    my_heap.swift
    /* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u8f93\u5165\u5217\u8868\u5efa\u5806 */\ninit(nums: [Int]) {\n    // \u5c06\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\u539f\u5c01\u4e0d\u52a8\u6dfb\u52a0\u8fdb\u5806\n    maxHeap = nums\n    // \u5806\u5316\u9664\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\n    for i in stride(from: parent(i: size() - 1), through: 0, by: -1) {\n        siftDown(i: i)\n    }\n}\n
    my_heap.js
    /* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u7a7a\u5806\u6216\u6839\u636e\u8f93\u5165\u5217\u8868\u5efa\u5806 */\nconstructor(nums) {\n    // \u5c06\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\u539f\u5c01\u4e0d\u52a8\u6dfb\u52a0\u8fdb\u5806\n    this.#maxHeap = nums === undefined ? [] : [...nums];\n    // \u5806\u5316\u9664\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\n    for (let i = this.#parent(this.size() - 1); i >= 0; i--) {\n        this.#siftDown(i);\n    }\n}\n
    my_heap.ts
    /* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u7a7a\u5806\u6216\u6839\u636e\u8f93\u5165\u5217\u8868\u5efa\u5806 */\nconstructor(nums?: number[]) {\n    // \u5c06\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\u539f\u5c01\u4e0d\u52a8\u6dfb\u52a0\u8fdb\u5806\n    this.maxHeap = nums === undefined ? [] : [...nums];\n    // \u5806\u5316\u9664\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\n    for (let i = this.parent(this.size() - 1); i >= 0; i--) {\n        this.siftDown(i);\n    }\n}\n
    my_heap.dart
    /* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u8f93\u5165\u5217\u8868\u5efa\u5806 */\nMaxHeap(List<int> nums) {\n  // \u5c06\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\u539f\u5c01\u4e0d\u52a8\u6dfb\u52a0\u8fdb\u5806\n  _maxHeap = nums;\n  // \u5806\u5316\u9664\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\n  for (int i = _parent(size() - 1); i >= 0; i--) {\n    siftDown(i);\n  }\n}\n
    my_heap.rs
    /* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u8f93\u5165\u5217\u8868\u5efa\u5806 */\nfn new(nums: Vec<i32>) -> Self {\n    // \u5c06\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\u539f\u5c01\u4e0d\u52a8\u6dfb\u52a0\u8fdb\u5806\n    let mut heap = MaxHeap { max_heap: nums };\n    // \u5806\u5316\u9664\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\n    for i in (0..=Self::parent(heap.size() - 1)).rev() {\n        heap.sift_down(i);\n    }\n    heap\n}\n
    my_heap.c
    /* \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u5207\u7247\u5efa\u5806 */\nMaxHeap *newMaxHeap(int nums[], int size) {\n    // \u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806\n    MaxHeap *maxHeap = (MaxHeap *)malloc(sizeof(MaxHeap));\n    maxHeap->size = size;\n    memcpy(maxHeap->data, nums, size * sizeof(int));\n    for (int i = parent(maxHeap, size - 1); i >= 0; i--) {\n        // \u5806\u5316\u9664\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\n        siftDown(maxHeap, i);\n    }\n    return maxHeap;\n}\n
    my_heap.zig
    // \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u8f93\u5165\u5217\u8868\u5efa\u5806\nfn init(self: *Self, allocator: std.mem.Allocator, nums: []const T) !void {\n    if (self.max_heap != null) return;\n    self.max_heap = std.ArrayList(T).init(allocator);\n    // \u5c06\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\u539f\u5c01\u4e0d\u52a8\u6dfb\u52a0\u8fdb\u5806\n    try self.max_heap.?.appendSlice(nums);\n    // \u5806\u5316\u9664\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\n    var i: usize = parent(self.size() - 1) + 1;\n    while (i > 0) : (i -= 1) {\n        try self.siftDown(i - 1);\n    }\n}\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_heap/build_heap/#823","title":"8.2.3 \u00a0 \u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5206\u6790","text":"

    \u4e0b\u9762\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u5c1d\u8bd5\u63a8\u7b97\u7b2c\u4e8c\u79cd\u5efa\u5806\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u3002

    • \u5047\u8bbe\u5b8c\u5168\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf\u4e3a \\(n\\) \uff0c\u5219\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf\u4e3a \\((n + 1) / 2\\) \uff0c\u5176\u4e2d \\(/\\) \u4e3a\u5411\u4e0b\u6574\u9664\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u5806\u5316\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf\u4e3a \\((n - 1) / 2\\) \u3002
    • \u5728\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u6700\u591a\u5806\u5316\u5230\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6700\u5927\u8fed\u4ee3\u6b21\u6570\u4e3a\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6 \\(\\log n\\) \u3002

    \u5c06\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e24\u8005\u76f8\u4e58\uff0c\u53ef\u5f97\u5230\u5efa\u5806\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n \\log n)\\) \u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f30\u7b97\u7ed3\u679c\u5e76\u4e0d\u51c6\u786e\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u6ca1\u6709\u8003\u8651\u5230\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u5e95\u5c42\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf\u8fdc\u591a\u4e8e\u9876\u5c42\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u3002

    \u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u66f4\u4e3a\u51c6\u786e\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u964d\u4f4e\u8ba1\u7b97\u96be\u5ea6\uff0c\u5047\u8bbe\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf\u4e3a \\(n\\) \u3001\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(h\\) \u7684\u201c\u5b8c\u7f8e\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u201d\uff0c\u8be5\u5047\u8bbe\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u8ba1\u7b97\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u6027\u3002

    \u56fe 8-5 \u00a0 \u5b8c\u7f8e\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u5404\u5c42\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf

    \u5982\u56fe 8-5 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u8282\u70b9\u201c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316\u201d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u8fed\u4ee3\u6b21\u6570\u7b49\u4e8e\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u5230\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\uff0c\u800c\u8be5\u8ddd\u79bb\u6b63\u662f\u201c\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u201d\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u5404\u5c42\u7684\u201c\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf \\(\\times\\) \u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u201d\u6c42\u548c\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5806\u5316\u8fed\u4ee3\u6b21\u6570\u7684\u603b\u548c\u3002

    \\[ T(h) = 2^0h + 2^1(h-1) + 2^2(h-2) + \\dots + 2^{(h-1)}\\times1 \\]

    \u5316\u7b80\u4e0a\u5f0f\u9700\u8981\u501f\u52a9\u4e2d\u5b66\u7684\u6570\u5217\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u5c06\u5bf9 \\(T(h)\\) \u4e58\u4ee5 \\(2\\) \uff0c\u5f97\u5230\uff1a

    \\[ \\begin{aligned} T(h) & = 2^0h + 2^1(h-1) + 2^2(h-2) + \\dots + 2^{h-1}\\times1 \\newline 2 T(h) & = 2^1h + 2^2(h-1) + 2^3(h-2) + \\dots + 2^{h}\\times1 \\newline \\end{aligned} \\]

    \u4f7f\u7528\u9519\u4f4d\u76f8\u51cf\u6cd5\uff0c\u7528\u4e0b\u5f0f \\(2 T(h)\\) \u51cf\u53bb\u4e0a\u5f0f \\(T(h)\\) \uff0c\u53ef\u5f97\uff1a

    \\[ 2T(h) - T(h) = T(h) = -2^0h + 2^1 + 2^2 + \\dots + 2^{h-1} + 2^h \\]

    \u89c2\u5bdf\u4e0a\u5f0f\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0 \\(T(h)\\) \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b49\u6bd4\u6570\u5217\uff0c\u53ef\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u6c42\u548c\u516c\u5f0f\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a\uff1a

    \\[ \\begin{aligned} T(h) & = 2 \\frac{1 - 2^h}{1 - 2} - h \\newline & = 2^{h+1} - h - 2 \\newline & = O(2^h) \\end{aligned} \\]

    \u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(h\\) \u7684\u5b8c\u7f8e\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf\u4e3a \\(n = 2^{h+1} - 1\\) \uff0c\u6613\u5f97\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(2^h) = O(n)\\) \u3002\u4ee5\u4e0a\u63a8\u7b97\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u8f93\u5165\u5217\u8868\u5e76\u5efa\u5806\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n)\\) \uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u9ad8\u6548\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_heap/heap/","title":"8.1 \u00a0 \u5806","text":"

    \u300c\u5806 heap\u300d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6ee1\u8db3\u7279\u5b9a\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u5b8c\u5168\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u5982\u56fe 8-1 \u6240\u793a\u3002

    • \u300c\u5c0f\u9876\u5806 min heap\u300d\uff1a\u4efb\u610f\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u503c \\(\\leq\\) \u5176\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u503c\u3002
    • \u300c\u5927\u9876\u5806 max heap\u300d\uff1a\u4efb\u610f\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u503c \\(\\geq\\) \u5176\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u503c\u3002

    \u56fe 8-1 \u00a0 \u5c0f\u9876\u5806\u4e0e\u5927\u9876\u5806

    \u5806\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5b8c\u5168\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u4f8b\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7279\u6027\u3002

    • \u6700\u5e95\u5c42\u8282\u70b9\u9760\u5de6\u586b\u5145\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u5c42\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u88ab\u586b\u6ee1\u3002
    • \u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u5806\u9876\u201d\uff0c\u5c06\u5e95\u5c42\u6700\u9760\u53f3\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u5806\u5e95\u201d\u3002
    • \u5bf9\u4e8e\u5927\u9876\u5806\uff08\u5c0f\u9876\u5806\uff09\uff0c\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\uff08\u6839\u8282\u70b9\uff09\u7684\u503c\u662f\u6700\u5927\uff08\u6700\u5c0f\uff09\u7684\u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_heap/heap/#811","title":"8.1.1 \u00a0 \u5806\u7684\u5e38\u7528\u64cd\u4f5c","text":"

    \u9700\u8981\u6307\u51fa\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u662f\u300c\u4f18\u5148\u961f\u5217 priority queue\u300d\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u5177\u6709\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u961f\u5217\u3002

    \u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u5806\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0\u4f18\u5148\u961f\u5217\uff0c\u5927\u9876\u5806\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u5143\u7d20\u6309\u4ece\u5927\u5230\u5c0f\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u51fa\u961f\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u961f\u5217\u3002\u4ece\u4f7f\u7528\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u201c\u4f18\u5148\u961f\u5217\u201d\u548c\u201c\u5806\u201d\u770b\u4f5c\u7b49\u4ef7\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u672c\u4e66\u5bf9\u4e24\u8005\u4e0d\u505a\u7279\u522b\u533a\u5206\uff0c\u7edf\u4e00\u79f0\u4f5c\u201c\u5806\u201d\u3002

    \u5806\u7684\u5e38\u7528\u64cd\u4f5c\u89c1\u8868 8-1 \uff0c\u65b9\u6cd5\u540d\u9700\u8981\u6839\u636e\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u6765\u786e\u5b9a\u3002

    \u8868 8-1 \u00a0 \u5806\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u6548\u7387

    \u65b9\u6cd5\u540d \u63cf\u8ff0 \u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 push() \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806 \\(O(\\log n)\\) pop() \u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806 \\(O(\\log n)\\) peek() \u8bbf\u95ee\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\uff08\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5927 / \u5c0f\u9876\u5806\u5206\u522b\u4e3a\u6700\u5927 / \u5c0f\u503c\uff09 \\(O(1)\\) size() \u83b7\u53d6\u5806\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf \\(O(1)\\) isEmpty() \u5224\u65ad\u5806\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a \\(O(1)\\)

    \u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u5806\u7c7b\uff08\u6216\u4f18\u5148\u961f\u5217\u7c7b\uff09\u3002

    \u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u4ece\u5c0f\u5230\u5927\u6392\u5217\u201d\u548c\u201c\u4ece\u5927\u5230\u5c0f\u6392\u5217\u201d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e00\u4e2a flag \u6216\u4fee\u6539 Comparator \u5b9e\u73b0\u201c\u5c0f\u9876\u5806\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u5927\u9876\u5806\u201d\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\u3002\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig heap.py
    # \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5c0f\u9876\u5806\nmin_heap, flag = [], 1\n# \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5927\u9876\u5806\nmax_heap, flag = [], -1\n\n# Python \u7684 heapq \u6a21\u5757\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5b9e\u73b0\u5c0f\u9876\u5806\n# \u8003\u8651\u5c06\u201c\u5143\u7d20\u53d6\u8d1f\u201d\u540e\u518d\u5165\u5806\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u5927\u5c0f\u5173\u7cfb\u98a0\u5012\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5b9e\u73b0\u5927\u9876\u5806\n# \u5728\u672c\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0cflag = 1 \u65f6\u5bf9\u5e94\u5c0f\u9876\u5806\uff0cflag = -1 \u65f6\u5bf9\u5e94\u5927\u9876\u5806\n\n# \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806\nheapq.heappush(max_heap, flag * 1)\nheapq.heappush(max_heap, flag * 3)\nheapq.heappush(max_heap, flag * 2)\nheapq.heappush(max_heap, flag * 5)\nheapq.heappush(max_heap, flag * 4)\n\n# \u83b7\u53d6\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\npeek: int = flag * max_heap[0] # 5\n\n# \u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806\n# \u51fa\u5806\u5143\u7d20\u4f1a\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ece\u5927\u5230\u5c0f\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\nval = flag * heapq.heappop(max_heap) # 5\nval = flag * heapq.heappop(max_heap) # 4\nval = flag * heapq.heappop(max_heap) # 3\nval = flag * heapq.heappop(max_heap) # 2\nval = flag * heapq.heappop(max_heap) # 1\n\n# \u83b7\u53d6\u5806\u5927\u5c0f\nsize: int = len(max_heap)\n\n# \u5224\u65ad\u5806\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a\nis_empty: bool = not max_heap\n\n# \u8f93\u5165\u5217\u8868\u5e76\u5efa\u5806\nmin_heap: list[int] = [1, 3, 2, 5, 4]\nheapq.heapify(min_heap)\n
    heap.cpp
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5806 */\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5c0f\u9876\u5806\npriority_queue<int, vector<int>, greater<int>> minHeap;\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5927\u9876\u5806\npriority_queue<int, vector<int>, less<int>> maxHeap;\n\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806 */\nmaxHeap.push(1);\nmaxHeap.push(3);\nmaxHeap.push(2);\nmaxHeap.push(5);\nmaxHeap.push(4);\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\nint peek = maxHeap.top(); // 5\n\n/* \u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806 */\n// \u51fa\u5806\u5143\u7d20\u4f1a\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ece\u5927\u5230\u5c0f\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\nmaxHeap.pop(); // 5\nmaxHeap.pop(); // 4\nmaxHeap.pop(); // 3\nmaxHeap.pop(); // 2\nmaxHeap.pop(); // 1\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u5806\u5927\u5c0f */\nint size = maxHeap.size();\n\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u5806\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nbool isEmpty = maxHeap.empty();\n\n/* \u8f93\u5165\u5217\u8868\u5e76\u5efa\u5806 */\nvector<int> input{1, 3, 2, 5, 4};\npriority_queue<int, vector<int>, greater<int>> minHeap(input.begin(), input.end());\n
    heap.java
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5806 */\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5c0f\u9876\u5806\nQueue<Integer> minHeap = new PriorityQueue<>();\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5927\u9876\u5806\uff08\u4f7f\u7528 lambda \u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u4fee\u6539 Comparator \u5373\u53ef\uff09\nQueue<Integer> maxHeap = new PriorityQueue<>((a, b) -> b - a);\n\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806 */\nmaxHeap.offer(1);\nmaxHeap.offer(3);\nmaxHeap.offer(2);\nmaxHeap.offer(5);\nmaxHeap.offer(4);\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\nint peek = maxHeap.peek(); // 5\n\n/* \u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806 */\n// \u51fa\u5806\u5143\u7d20\u4f1a\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ece\u5927\u5230\u5c0f\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\npeek = maxHeap.poll(); // 5\npeek = maxHeap.poll(); // 4\npeek = maxHeap.poll(); // 3\npeek = maxHeap.poll(); // 2\npeek = maxHeap.poll(); // 1\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u5806\u5927\u5c0f */\nint size = maxHeap.size();\n\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u5806\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nboolean isEmpty = maxHeap.isEmpty();\n\n/* \u8f93\u5165\u5217\u8868\u5e76\u5efa\u5806 */\nminHeap = new PriorityQueue<>(Arrays.asList(1, 3, 2, 5, 4));\n
    heap.cs
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5806 */\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5c0f\u9876\u5806\nPriorityQueue<int, int> minHeap = new();\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5927\u9876\u5806\uff08\u4f7f\u7528 lambda \u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u4fee\u6539 Comparator \u5373\u53ef\uff09\nPriorityQueue<int, int> maxHeap = new(Comparer<int>.Create((x, y) => y - x));\n\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806 */\nmaxHeap.Enqueue(1, 1);\nmaxHeap.Enqueue(3, 3);\nmaxHeap.Enqueue(2, 2);\nmaxHeap.Enqueue(5, 5);\nmaxHeap.Enqueue(4, 4);\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\nint peek = maxHeap.Peek();//5\n\n/* \u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806 */\n// \u51fa\u5806\u5143\u7d20\u4f1a\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ece\u5927\u5230\u5c0f\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\npeek = maxHeap.Dequeue();  // 5\npeek = maxHeap.Dequeue();  // 4\npeek = maxHeap.Dequeue();  // 3\npeek = maxHeap.Dequeue();  // 2\npeek = maxHeap.Dequeue();  // 1\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u5806\u5927\u5c0f */\nint size = maxHeap.Count;\n\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u5806\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nbool isEmpty = maxHeap.Count == 0;\n\n/* \u8f93\u5165\u5217\u8868\u5e76\u5efa\u5806 */\nminHeap = new PriorityQueue<int, int>([(1, 1), (3, 3), (2, 2), (5, 5), (4, 4)]);\n
    heap.go
    // Go \u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9e\u73b0 heap.Interface \u6765\u6784\u5efa\u6574\u6570\u5927\u9876\u5806\n// \u5b9e\u73b0 heap.Interface \u9700\u8981\u540c\u65f6\u5b9e\u73b0 sort.Interface\ntype intHeap []any\n\n// Push heap.Interface \u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u63a8\u5165\u5143\u7d20\u5230\u5806\nfunc (h *intHeap) Push(x any) {\n    // Push \u548c Pop \u4f7f\u7528 pointer receiver \u4f5c\u4e3a\u53c2\u6570\n    // \u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4f1a\u5bf9\u5207\u7247\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u8fdb\u884c\u8c03\u6574\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u4fee\u6539\u5207\u7247\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u3002\n    *h = append(*h, x.(int))\n}\n\n// Pop heap.Interface \u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u5f39\u51fa\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\nfunc (h *intHeap) Pop() any {\n    // \u5f85\u51fa\u5806\u5143\u7d20\u5b58\u653e\u5728\u6700\u540e\n    last := (*h)[len(*h)-1]\n    *h = (*h)[:len(*h)-1]\n    return last\n}\n\n// Len sort.Interface \u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\nfunc (h *intHeap) Len() int {\n    return len(*h)\n}\n\n// Less sort.Interface \u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\nfunc (h *intHeap) Less(i, j int) bool {\n    // \u5982\u679c\u5b9e\u73b0\u5c0f\u9876\u5806\uff0c\u5219\u9700\u8981\u8c03\u6574\u4e3a\u5c0f\u4e8e\u53f7\n    return (*h)[i].(int) > (*h)[j].(int)\n}\n\n// Swap sort.Interface \u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\nfunc (h *intHeap) Swap(i, j int) {\n    (*h)[i], (*h)[j] = (*h)[j], (*h)[i]\n}\n\n// Top \u83b7\u53d6\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\nfunc (h *intHeap) Top() any {\n    return (*h)[0]\n}\n\n/* Driver Code */\nfunc TestHeap(t *testing.T) {\n    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5806 */\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5927\u9876\u5806\n    maxHeap := &intHeap{}\n    heap.Init(maxHeap)\n    /* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806 */\n    // \u8c03\u7528 heap.Interface \u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6765\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20\n    heap.Push(maxHeap, 1)\n    heap.Push(maxHeap, 3)\n    heap.Push(maxHeap, 2)\n    heap.Push(maxHeap, 4)\n    heap.Push(maxHeap, 5)\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\n    top := maxHeap.Top()\n    fmt.Printf(\"\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\u4e3a %d\\n\", top)\n\n    /* \u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806 */\n    // \u8c03\u7528 heap.Interface \u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6765\u79fb\u9664\u5143\u7d20\n    heap.Pop(maxHeap) // 5\n    heap.Pop(maxHeap) // 4\n    heap.Pop(maxHeap) // 3\n    heap.Pop(maxHeap) // 2\n    heap.Pop(maxHeap) // 1\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u5806\u5927\u5c0f */\n    size := len(*maxHeap)\n    fmt.Printf(\"\u5806\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u4e3a %d\\n\", size)\n\n    /* \u5224\u65ad\u5806\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\n    isEmpty := len(*maxHeap) == 0\n    fmt.Printf(\"\u5806\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a %t\\n\", isEmpty)\n}\n
    heap.swift
    // Swift \u672a\u63d0\u4f9b\u5185\u7f6e Heap \u7c7b\n
    heap.js
    // JavaScript \u672a\u63d0\u4f9b\u5185\u7f6e Heap \u7c7b\n
    heap.ts
    // TypeScript \u672a\u63d0\u4f9b\u5185\u7f6e Heap \u7c7b\n
    heap.dart
    // Dart \u672a\u63d0\u4f9b\u5185\u7f6e Heap \u7c7b\n
    heap.rs
    use std::collections::BinaryHeap;\nuse std::cmp::Reverse;\n\n/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5806 */\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5c0f\u9876\u5806\nlet mut min_heap = BinaryHeap::<Reverse<i32>>::new();\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5927\u9876\u5806\nlet mut max_heap = BinaryHeap::new();\n\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806 */\nmax_heap.push(1);\nmax_heap.push(3);\nmax_heap.push(2);\nmax_heap.push(5);\nmax_heap.push(4);\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\nlet peek = max_heap.peek().unwrap();  // 5\n\n/* \u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806 */\n// \u51fa\u5806\u5143\u7d20\u4f1a\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ece\u5927\u5230\u5c0f\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\nlet peek = max_heap.pop().unwrap();   // 5\nlet peek = max_heap.pop().unwrap();   // 4\nlet peek = max_heap.pop().unwrap();   // 3\nlet peek = max_heap.pop().unwrap();   // 2\nlet peek = max_heap.pop().unwrap();   // 1\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u5806\u5927\u5c0f */\nlet size = max_heap.len();\n\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u5806\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nlet is_empty = max_heap.is_empty();\n\n/* \u8f93\u5165\u5217\u8868\u5e76\u5efa\u5806 */\nlet min_heap = BinaryHeap::from(vec![Reverse(1), Reverse(3), Reverse(2), Reverse(5), Reverse(4)]);\n
    heap.c
    // C \u672a\u63d0\u4f9b\u5185\u7f6e Heap \u7c7b\n
    heap.zig
    \n
    "},{"location":"chapter_heap/heap/#812","title":"8.1.2 \u00a0 \u5806\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0","text":"

    \u4e0b\u6587\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u662f\u5927\u9876\u5806\u3002\u82e5\u8981\u5c06\u5176\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u5c0f\u9876\u5806\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u5927\u5c0f\u903b\u8f91\u5224\u65ad\u53d6\u9006\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5c06 \\(\\geq\\) \u66ff\u6362\u4e3a \\(\\leq\\) \uff09\u3002\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u8bfb\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u884c\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_heap/heap/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u5806\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u4e0e\u8868\u793a","text":"

    \u201c\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u201d\u7ae0\u8282\u8bb2\u8fc7\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u975e\u5e38\u9002\u5408\u7528\u6570\u7ec4\u6765\u8868\u793a\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5806\u6b63\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5b8c\u5168\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u91c7\u7528\u6570\u7ec4\u6765\u5b58\u50a8\u5806\u3002

    \u5f53\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u65f6\uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u4ee3\u8868\u8282\u70b9\u503c\uff0c\u7d22\u5f15\u4ee3\u8868\u8282\u70b9\u5728\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u4e2d\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u8282\u70b9\u6307\u9488\u901a\u8fc7\u7d22\u5f15\u6620\u5c04\u516c\u5f0f\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002

    \u5982\u56fe 8-2 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7d22\u5f15 \\(i\\) \uff0c\u5176\u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a \\(2i + 1\\) \uff0c\u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a \\(2i + 2\\) \uff0c\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a \\((i - 1) / 2\\)\uff08\u5411\u4e0b\u6574\u9664\uff09\u3002\u5f53\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\u65f6\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u7a7a\u8282\u70b9\u6216\u8282\u70b9\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u3002

    \u56fe 8-2 \u00a0 \u5806\u7684\u8868\u793a\u4e0e\u5b58\u50a8

    \u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u7d22\u5f15\u6620\u5c04\u516c\u5f0f\u5c01\u88c5\u6210\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u65b9\u4fbf\u540e\u7eed\u4f7f\u7528\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig my_heap.py
    def left(self, i: int) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u83b7\u53d6\u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\"\"\"\n    return 2 * i + 1\n\ndef right(self, i: int) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u83b7\u53d6\u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\"\"\"\n    return 2 * i + 2\n\ndef parent(self, i: int) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u83b7\u53d6\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\"\"\"\n    return (i - 1) // 2  # \u5411\u4e0b\u6574\u9664\n
    my_heap.cpp
    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\nint left(int i) {\n    return 2 * i + 1;\n}\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\nint right(int i) {\n    return 2 * i + 2;\n}\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\nint parent(int i) {\n    return (i - 1) / 2; // \u5411\u4e0b\u6574\u9664\n}\n
    my_heap.java
    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\nint left(int i) {\n    return 2 * i + 1;\n}\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\nint right(int i) {\n    return 2 * i + 2;\n}\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\nint parent(int i) {\n    return (i - 1) / 2; // \u5411\u4e0b\u6574\u9664\n}\n
    my_heap.cs
    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\nint Left(int i) {\n    return 2 * i + 1;\n}\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\nint Right(int i) {\n    return 2 * i + 2;\n}\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\nint Parent(int i) {\n    return (i - 1) / 2; // \u5411\u4e0b\u6574\u9664\n}\n
    my_heap.go
    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\nfunc (h *maxHeap) left(i int) int {\n    return 2*i + 1\n}\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\nfunc (h *maxHeap) right(i int) int {\n    return 2*i + 2\n}\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\nfunc (h *maxHeap) parent(i int) int {\n    // \u5411\u4e0b\u6574\u9664\n    return (i - 1) / 2\n}\n
    my_heap.swift
    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\nfunc left(i: Int) -> Int {\n    2 * i + 1\n}\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\nfunc right(i: Int) -> Int {\n    2 * i + 2\n}\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\nfunc parent(i: Int) -> Int {\n    (i - 1) / 2 // \u5411\u4e0b\u6574\u9664\n}\n
    my_heap.js
    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\n#left(i) {\n    return 2 * i + 1;\n}\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\n#right(i) {\n    return 2 * i + 2;\n}\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\n#parent(i) {\n    return Math.floor((i - 1) / 2); // \u5411\u4e0b\u6574\u9664\n}\n
    my_heap.ts
    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\nleft(i: number): number {\n    return 2 * i + 1;\n}\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\nright(i: number): number {\n    return 2 * i + 2;\n}\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\nparent(i: number): number {\n    return Math.floor((i - 1) / 2); // \u5411\u4e0b\u6574\u9664\n}\n
    my_heap.dart
    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\nint _left(int i) {\n  return 2 * i + 1;\n}\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\nint _right(int i) {\n  return 2 * i + 2;\n}\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\nint _parent(int i) {\n  return (i - 1) ~/ 2; // \u5411\u4e0b\u6574\u9664\n}\n
    my_heap.rs
    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\nfn left(i: usize) -> usize {\n    2 * i + 1\n}\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\nfn right(i: usize) -> usize {\n    2 * i + 2\n}\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\nfn parent(i: usize) -> usize {\n    (i - 1) / 2 // \u5411\u4e0b\u6574\u9664\n}\n
    my_heap.c
    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\nint left(MaxHeap *maxHeap, int i) {\n    return 2 * i + 1;\n}\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\nint right(MaxHeap *maxHeap, int i) {\n    return 2 * i + 2;\n}\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\nint parent(MaxHeap *maxHeap, int i) {\n    return (i - 1) / 2;\n}\n
    my_heap.zig
    // \u83b7\u53d6\u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\nfn left(i: usize) usize {\n    return 2 * i + 1;\n}\n\n// \u83b7\u53d6\u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\nfn right(i: usize) usize {\n    return 2 * i + 2;\n}\n\n// \u83b7\u53d6\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\nfn parent(i: usize) usize {\n    // return (i - 1) / 2; // \u5411\u4e0b\u6574\u9664\n    return @divFloor(i - 1, 2);\n}\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_heap/heap/#2","title":"2. \u00a0 \u8bbf\u95ee\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20","text":"

    \u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\u5373\u4e3a\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5217\u8868\u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig my_heap.py
    def peek(self) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u8bbf\u95ee\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\"\"\"\n    return self.max_heap[0]\n
    my_heap.cpp
    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\nint peek() {\n    return maxHeap[0];\n}\n
    my_heap.java
    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\nint peek() {\n    return maxHeap.get(0);\n}\n
    my_heap.cs
    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\nint Peek() {\n    return maxHeap[0];\n}\n
    my_heap.go
    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunc (h *maxHeap) peek() any {\n    return h.data[0]\n}\n
    my_heap.swift
    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunc peek() -> Int {\n    maxHeap[0]\n}\n
    my_heap.js
    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\npeek() {\n    return this.#maxHeap[0];\n}\n
    my_heap.ts
    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\npeek(): number {\n    return this.maxHeap[0];\n}\n
    my_heap.dart
    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\nint peek() {\n  return _maxHeap[0];\n}\n
    my_heap.rs
    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\nfn peek(&self) -> Option<i32> {\n    self.max_heap.first().copied()\n}\n
    my_heap.c
    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\nint peek(MaxHeap *maxHeap) {\n    return maxHeap->data[0];\n}\n
    my_heap.zig
    // \u8bbf\u95ee\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\nfn peek(self: *Self) T {\n    return self.max_heap.?.items[0];\n}  \n
    "},{"location":"chapter_heap/heap/#3","title":"3. \u00a0 \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806","text":"

    \u7ed9\u5b9a\u5143\u7d20 val \uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9996\u5148\u5c06\u5176\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u5806\u5e95\u3002\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e val \u53ef\u80fd\u5927\u4e8e\u5806\u4e2d\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5806\u7684\u6210\u7acb\u6761\u4ef6\u53ef\u80fd\u5df2\u88ab\u7834\u574f\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u4fee\u590d\u4ece\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\u5230\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u4e0a\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u300c\u5806\u5316 heapify\u300d\u3002

    \u8003\u8651\u4ece\u5165\u5806\u8282\u70b9\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u5e95\u81f3\u9876\u6267\u884c\u5806\u5316\u3002\u5982\u56fe 8-3 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6bd4\u8f83\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\u4e0e\u5176\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\u66f4\u5927\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u4ea4\u6362\u3002\u7136\u540e\u7ee7\u7eed\u6267\u884c\u6b64\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ece\u5e95\u81f3\u9876\u4fee\u590d\u5806\u4e2d\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u8d8a\u8fc7\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u6216\u9047\u5230\u65e0\u987b\u4ea4\u6362\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u65f6\u7ed3\u675f\u3002

    <1><2><3><4><5><6><7><8><9>

    \u56fe 8-3 \u00a0 \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806\u6b65\u9aa4

    \u8bbe\u8282\u70b9\u603b\u6570\u4e3a \\(n\\) \uff0c\u5219\u6811\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(\\log n)\\) \u3002\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u77e5\uff0c\u5806\u5316\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u5faa\u73af\u8f6e\u6570\u6700\u591a\u4e3a \\(O(\\log n)\\) \uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(\\log n)\\) \u3002\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig my_heap.py
    def push(self, val: int):\n    \"\"\"\u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806\"\"\"\n    # \u6dfb\u52a0\u8282\u70b9\n    self.max_heap.append(val)\n    # \u4ece\u5e95\u81f3\u9876\u5806\u5316\n    self.sift_up(self.size() - 1)\n\ndef sift_up(self, i: int):\n    \"\"\"\u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u5e95\u81f3\u9876\u5806\u5316\"\"\"\n    while True:\n        # \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9 i \u7684\u7236\u8282\u70b9\n        p = self.parent(i)\n        # \u5f53\u201c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u201d\u6216\u201c\u8282\u70b9\u65e0\u987b\u4fee\u590d\u201d\u65f6\uff0c\u7ed3\u675f\u5806\u5316\n        if p < 0 or self.max_heap[i] <= self.max_heap[p]:\n            break\n        # \u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\n        self.swap(i, p)\n        # \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0a\u5806\u5316\n        i = p\n
    my_heap.cpp
    /* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806 */\nvoid push(int val) {\n    // \u6dfb\u52a0\u8282\u70b9\n    maxHeap.push_back(val);\n    // \u4ece\u5e95\u81f3\u9876\u5806\u5316\n    siftUp(size() - 1);\n}\n\n/* \u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u5e95\u81f3\u9876\u5806\u5316 */\nvoid siftUp(int i) {\n    while (true) {\n        // \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9 i \u7684\u7236\u8282\u70b9\n        int p = parent(i);\n        // \u5f53\u201c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u201d\u6216\u201c\u8282\u70b9\u65e0\u987b\u4fee\u590d\u201d\u65f6\uff0c\u7ed3\u675f\u5806\u5316\n        if (p < 0 || maxHeap[i] <= maxHeap[p])\n            break;\n        // \u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\n        swap(maxHeap[i], maxHeap[p]);\n        // \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0a\u5806\u5316\n        i = p;\n    }\n}\n
    my_heap.java
    /* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806 */\nvoid push(int val) {\n    // \u6dfb\u52a0\u8282\u70b9\n    maxHeap.add(val);\n    // \u4ece\u5e95\u81f3\u9876\u5806\u5316\n    siftUp(size() - 1);\n}\n\n/* \u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u5e95\u81f3\u9876\u5806\u5316 */\nvoid siftUp(int i) {\n    while (true) {\n        // \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9 i \u7684\u7236\u8282\u70b9\n        int p = parent(i);\n        // \u5f53\u201c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u201d\u6216\u201c\u8282\u70b9\u65e0\u987b\u4fee\u590d\u201d\u65f6\uff0c\u7ed3\u675f\u5806\u5316\n        if (p < 0 || maxHeap.get(i) <= maxHeap.get(p))\n            break;\n        // \u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\n        swap(i, p);\n        // \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0a\u5806\u5316\n        i = p;\n    }\n}\n
    my_heap.cs
    /* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806 */\nvoid Push(int val) {\n    // \u6dfb\u52a0\u8282\u70b9\n    maxHeap.Add(val);\n    // \u4ece\u5e95\u81f3\u9876\u5806\u5316\n    SiftUp(Size() - 1);\n}\n\n/* \u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u5e95\u81f3\u9876\u5806\u5316 */\nvoid SiftUp(int i) {\n    while (true) {\n        // \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9 i \u7684\u7236\u8282\u70b9\n        int p = Parent(i);\n        // \u82e5\u201c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u201d\u6216\u201c\u8282\u70b9\u65e0\u987b\u4fee\u590d\u201d\uff0c\u5219\u7ed3\u675f\u5806\u5316\n        if (p < 0 || maxHeap[i] <= maxHeap[p])\n            break;\n        // \u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\n        Swap(i, p);\n        // \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0a\u5806\u5316\n        i = p;\n    }\n}\n
    my_heap.go
    /* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806 */\nfunc (h *maxHeap) push(val any) {\n    // \u6dfb\u52a0\u8282\u70b9\n    h.data = append(h.data, val)\n    // \u4ece\u5e95\u81f3\u9876\u5806\u5316\n    h.siftUp(len(h.data) - 1)\n}\n\n/* \u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u5e95\u81f3\u9876\u5806\u5316 */\nfunc (h *maxHeap) siftUp(i int) {\n    for true {\n        // \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9 i \u7684\u7236\u8282\u70b9\n        p := h.parent(i)\n        // \u5f53\u201c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u201d\u6216\u201c\u8282\u70b9\u65e0\u987b\u4fee\u590d\u201d\u65f6\uff0c\u7ed3\u675f\u5806\u5316\n        if p < 0 || h.data[i].(int) <= h.data[p].(int) {\n            break\n        }\n        // \u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\n        h.swap(i, p)\n        // \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0a\u5806\u5316\n        i = p\n    }\n}\n
    my_heap.swift
    /* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806 */\nfunc push(val: Int) {\n    // \u6dfb\u52a0\u8282\u70b9\n    maxHeap.append(val)\n    // \u4ece\u5e95\u81f3\u9876\u5806\u5316\n    siftUp(i: size() - 1)\n}\n\n/* \u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u5e95\u81f3\u9876\u5806\u5316 */\nfunc siftUp(i: Int) {\n    var i = i\n    while true {\n        // \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9 i \u7684\u7236\u8282\u70b9\n        let p = parent(i: i)\n        // \u5f53\u201c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u201d\u6216\u201c\u8282\u70b9\u65e0\u987b\u4fee\u590d\u201d\u65f6\uff0c\u7ed3\u675f\u5806\u5316\n        if p < 0 || maxHeap[i] <= maxHeap[p] {\n            break\n        }\n        // \u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\n        swap(i: i, j: p)\n        // \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0a\u5806\u5316\n        i = p\n    }\n}\n
    my_heap.js
    /* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806 */\npush(val) {\n    // \u6dfb\u52a0\u8282\u70b9\n    this.#maxHeap.push(val);\n    // \u4ece\u5e95\u81f3\u9876\u5806\u5316\n    this.#siftUp(this.size() - 1);\n}\n\n/* \u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u5e95\u81f3\u9876\u5806\u5316 */\n#siftUp(i) {\n    while (true) {\n        // \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9 i \u7684\u7236\u8282\u70b9\n        const p = this.#parent(i);\n        // \u5f53\u201c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u201d\u6216\u201c\u8282\u70b9\u65e0\u987b\u4fee\u590d\u201d\u65f6\uff0c\u7ed3\u675f\u5806\u5316\n        if (p < 0 || this.#maxHeap[i] <= this.#maxHeap[p]) break;\n        // \u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\n        this.#swap(i, p);\n        // \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0a\u5806\u5316\n        i = p;\n    }\n}\n
    my_heap.ts
    /* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806 */\npush(val: number): void {\n    // \u6dfb\u52a0\u8282\u70b9\n    this.maxHeap.push(val);\n    // \u4ece\u5e95\u81f3\u9876\u5806\u5316\n    this.siftUp(this.size() - 1);\n}\n\n/* \u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u5e95\u81f3\u9876\u5806\u5316 */\nsiftUp(i: number): void {\n    while (true) {\n        // \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9 i \u7684\u7236\u8282\u70b9\n        const p = this.parent(i);\n        // \u5f53\u201c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u201d\u6216\u201c\u8282\u70b9\u65e0\u987b\u4fee\u590d\u201d\u65f6\uff0c\u7ed3\u675f\u5806\u5316\n        if (p < 0 || this.maxHeap[i] <= this.maxHeap[p]) break;\n        // \u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\n        this.swap(i, p);\n        // \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0a\u5806\u5316\n        i = p;\n    }\n}\n
    my_heap.dart
    /* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806 */\nvoid push(int val) {\n  // \u6dfb\u52a0\u8282\u70b9\n  _maxHeap.add(val);\n  // \u4ece\u5e95\u81f3\u9876\u5806\u5316\n  siftUp(size() - 1);\n}\n\n/* \u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u5e95\u81f3\u9876\u5806\u5316 */\nvoid siftUp(int i) {\n  while (true) {\n    // \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9 i \u7684\u7236\u8282\u70b9\n    int p = _parent(i);\n    // \u5f53\u201c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u201d\u6216\u201c\u8282\u70b9\u65e0\u987b\u4fee\u590d\u201d\u65f6\uff0c\u7ed3\u675f\u5806\u5316\n    if (p < 0 || _maxHeap[i] <= _maxHeap[p]) {\n      break;\n    }\n    // \u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\n    _swap(i, p);\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0a\u5806\u5316\n    i = p;\n  }\n}\n
    my_heap.rs
    /* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806 */\nfn push(&mut self, val: i32) {\n    // \u6dfb\u52a0\u8282\u70b9\n    self.max_heap.push(val);\n    // \u4ece\u5e95\u81f3\u9876\u5806\u5316\n    self.sift_up(self.size() - 1);\n}\n\n/* \u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u5e95\u81f3\u9876\u5806\u5316 */\nfn sift_up(&mut self, mut i: usize) {\n    loop {\n        // \u8282\u70b9 i \u5df2\u7ecf\u662f\u5806\u9876\u8282\u70b9\u4e86\uff0c\u7ed3\u675f\u5806\u5316\n        if i == 0 {\n            break;\n        }\n        // \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9 i \u7684\u7236\u8282\u70b9\n        let p = Self::parent(i);\n        // \u5f53\u201c\u8282\u70b9\u65e0\u987b\u4fee\u590d\u201d\u65f6\uff0c\u7ed3\u675f\u5806\u5316\n        if self.max_heap[i] <= self.max_heap[p] {\n            break;\n        }\n        // \u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\n        self.swap(i, p);\n        // \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0a\u5806\u5316\n        i = p;\n    }\n}\n
    my_heap.c
    /* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806 */\nvoid push(MaxHeap *maxHeap, int val) {\n    // \u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u6dfb\u52a0\u8fd9\u4e48\u591a\u8282\u70b9\n    if (maxHeap->size == MAX_SIZE) {\n        printf(\"heap is full!\");\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u6dfb\u52a0\u8282\u70b9\n    maxHeap->data[maxHeap->size] = val;\n    maxHeap->size++;\n\n    // \u4ece\u5e95\u81f3\u9876\u5806\u5316\n    siftUp(maxHeap, maxHeap->size - 1);\n}\n\n/* \u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u5e95\u81f3\u9876\u5806\u5316 */\nvoid siftUp(MaxHeap *maxHeap, int i) {\n    while (true) {\n        // \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9 i \u7684\u7236\u8282\u70b9\n        int p = parent(maxHeap, i);\n        // \u5f53\u201c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u201d\u6216\u201c\u8282\u70b9\u65e0\u987b\u4fee\u590d\u201d\u65f6\uff0c\u7ed3\u675f\u5806\u5316\n        if (p < 0 || maxHeap->data[i] <= maxHeap->data[p]) {\n            break;\n        }\n        // \u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\n        swap(maxHeap, i, p);\n        // \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0a\u5806\u5316\n        i = p;\n    }\n}\n
    my_heap.zig
    // \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806\nfn push(self: *Self, val: T) !void {\n    // \u6dfb\u52a0\u8282\u70b9\n    try self.max_heap.?.append(val);\n    // \u4ece\u5e95\u81f3\u9876\u5806\u5316\n    try self.siftUp(self.size() - 1);\n}  \n\n// \u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u5e95\u81f3\u9876\u5806\u5316\nfn siftUp(self: *Self, i_: usize) !void {\n    var i = i_;\n    while (true) {\n        // \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9 i \u7684\u7236\u8282\u70b9\n        var p = parent(i);\n        // \u5f53\u201c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u201d\u6216\u201c\u8282\u70b9\u65e0\u987b\u4fee\u590d\u201d\u65f6\uff0c\u7ed3\u675f\u5806\u5316\n        if (p < 0 or self.max_heap.?.items[i] <= self.max_heap.?.items[p]) break;\n        // \u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\n        try self.swap(i, p);\n        // \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0a\u5806\u5316\n        i = p;\n    }\n}\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_heap/heap/#4","title":"4. \u00a0 \u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806","text":"

    \u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\u662f\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5373\u5217\u8868\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u76f4\u63a5\u4ece\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u9996\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u90fd\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c06\u4f7f\u5f97\u540e\u7eed\u4f7f\u7528\u5806\u5316\u8fdb\u884c\u4fee\u590d\u53d8\u5f97\u56f0\u96be\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u5c3d\u91cf\u51cf\u5c11\u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u53d8\u52a8\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u91c7\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u64cd\u4f5c\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002

    1. \u4ea4\u6362\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5806\u5e95\u5143\u7d20\uff08\u4ea4\u6362\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e0e\u6700\u53f3\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\uff09\u3002
    2. \u4ea4\u6362\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u5c06\u5806\u5e95\u4ece\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\uff08\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5df2\u7ecf\u4ea4\u6362\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5220\u9664\u7684\u662f\u539f\u6765\u7684\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\uff09\u3002
    3. \u4ece\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u6267\u884c\u5806\u5316\u3002

    \u5982\u56fe 8-4 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u201c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316\u201d\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u65b9\u5411\u4e0e\u201c\u4ece\u5e95\u81f3\u9876\u5806\u5316\u201d\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u503c\u4e0e\u5176\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u503c\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0c\u5c06\u6700\u5927\u7684\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u4e0e\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4ea4\u6362\u3002\u7136\u540e\u5faa\u73af\u6267\u884c\u6b64\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u6216\u9047\u5230\u65e0\u987b\u4ea4\u6362\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u65f6\u7ed3\u675f\u3002

    <1><2><3><4><5><6><7><8><9><10>

    \u56fe 8-4 \u00a0 \u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806\u6b65\u9aa4

    \u4e0e\u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806\u64cd\u4f5c\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e5f\u4e3a \\(O(\\log n)\\) \u3002\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig my_heap.py
    def pop(self) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806\"\"\"\n    # \u5224\u7a7a\u5904\u7406\n    if self.is_empty():\n        raise IndexError(\"\u5806\u4e3a\u7a7a\")\n    # \u4ea4\u6362\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e0e\u6700\u53f3\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u4ea4\u6362\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\uff09\n    self.swap(0, self.size() - 1)\n    # \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\n    val = self.max_heap.pop()\n    # \u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316\n    self.sift_down(0)\n    # \u8fd4\u56de\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\n    return val\n\ndef sift_down(self, i: int):\n    \"\"\"\u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316\"\"\"\n    while True:\n        # \u5224\u65ad\u8282\u70b9 i, l, r \u4e2d\u503c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a ma\n        l, r, ma = self.left(i), self.right(i), i\n        if l < self.size() and self.max_heap[l] > self.max_heap[ma]:\n            ma = l\n        if r < self.size() and self.max_heap[r] > self.max_heap[ma]:\n            ma = r\n        # \u82e5\u8282\u70b9 i \u6700\u5927\u6216\u7d22\u5f15 l, r \u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u65e0\u987b\u7ee7\u7eed\u5806\u5316\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\n        if ma == i:\n            break\n        # \u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\n        self.swap(i, ma)\n        # \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0b\u5806\u5316\n        i = ma\n
    my_heap.cpp
    /* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806 */\nvoid pop() {\n    // \u5224\u7a7a\u5904\u7406\n    if (isEmpty()) {\n        throw out_of_range(\"\u5806\u4e3a\u7a7a\");\n    }\n    // \u4ea4\u6362\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e0e\u6700\u53f3\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u4ea4\u6362\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\uff09\n    swap(maxHeap[0], maxHeap[size() - 1]);\n    // \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\n    maxHeap.pop_back();\n    // \u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316\n    siftDown(0);\n}\n\n/* \u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316 */\nvoid siftDown(int i) {\n    while (true) {\n        // \u5224\u65ad\u8282\u70b9 i, l, r \u4e2d\u503c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a ma\n        int l = left(i), r = right(i), ma = i;\n        if (l < size() && maxHeap[l] > maxHeap[ma])\n            ma = l;\n        if (r < size() && maxHeap[r] > maxHeap[ma])\n            ma = r;\n        // \u82e5\u8282\u70b9 i \u6700\u5927\u6216\u7d22\u5f15 l, r \u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u65e0\u987b\u7ee7\u7eed\u5806\u5316\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\n        if (ma == i)\n            break;\n        swap(maxHeap[i], maxHeap[ma]);\n        // \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0b\u5806\u5316\n        i = ma;\n    }\n}\n
    my_heap.java
    /* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806 */\nint pop() {\n    // \u5224\u7a7a\u5904\u7406\n    if (isEmpty())\n        throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();\n    // \u4ea4\u6362\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e0e\u6700\u53f3\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u4ea4\u6362\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\uff09\n    swap(0, size() - 1);\n    // \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\n    int val = maxHeap.remove(size() - 1);\n    // \u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316\n    siftDown(0);\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\n    return val;\n}\n\n/* \u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316 */\nvoid siftDown(int i) {\n    while (true) {\n        // \u5224\u65ad\u8282\u70b9 i, l, r \u4e2d\u503c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a ma\n        int l = left(i), r = right(i), ma = i;\n        if (l < size() && maxHeap.get(l) > maxHeap.get(ma))\n            ma = l;\n        if (r < size() && maxHeap.get(r) > maxHeap.get(ma))\n            ma = r;\n        // \u82e5\u8282\u70b9 i \u6700\u5927\u6216\u7d22\u5f15 l, r \u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u65e0\u987b\u7ee7\u7eed\u5806\u5316\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\n        if (ma == i)\n            break;\n        // \u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\n        swap(i, ma);\n        // \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0b\u5806\u5316\n        i = ma;\n    }\n}\n
    my_heap.cs
    /* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806 */\nint Pop() {\n    // \u5224\u7a7a\u5904\u7406\n    if (IsEmpty())\n        throw new IndexOutOfRangeException();\n    // \u4ea4\u6362\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e0e\u6700\u53f3\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u4ea4\u6362\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\uff09\n    Swap(0, Size() - 1);\n    // \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\n    int val = maxHeap.Last();\n    maxHeap.RemoveAt(Size() - 1);\n    // \u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316\n    SiftDown(0);\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\n    return val;\n}\n\n/* \u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316 */\nvoid SiftDown(int i) {\n    while (true) {\n        // \u5224\u65ad\u8282\u70b9 i, l, r \u4e2d\u503c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a ma\n        int l = Left(i), r = Right(i), ma = i;\n        if (l < Size() && maxHeap[l] > maxHeap[ma])\n            ma = l;\n        if (r < Size() && maxHeap[r] > maxHeap[ma])\n            ma = r;\n        // \u82e5\u201c\u8282\u70b9 i \u6700\u5927\u201d\u6216\u201c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u201d\uff0c\u5219\u7ed3\u675f\u5806\u5316\n        if (ma == i) break;\n        // \u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\n        Swap(i, ma);\n        // \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0b\u5806\u5316\n        i = ma;\n    }\n}\n
    my_heap.go
    /* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806 */\nfunc (h *maxHeap) pop() any {\n    // \u5224\u7a7a\u5904\u7406\n    if h.isEmpty() {\n        fmt.Println(\"error\")\n        return nil\n    }\n    // \u4ea4\u6362\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e0e\u6700\u53f3\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u4ea4\u6362\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\uff09\n    h.swap(0, h.size()-1)\n    // \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\n    val := h.data[len(h.data)-1]\n    h.data = h.data[:len(h.data)-1]\n    // \u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316\n    h.siftDown(0)\n\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\n    return val\n}\n\n/* \u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316 */\nfunc (h *maxHeap) siftDown(i int) {\n    for true {\n        // \u5224\u65ad\u8282\u70b9 i, l, r \u4e2d\u503c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a max\n        l, r, max := h.left(i), h.right(i), i\n        if l < h.size() && h.data[l].(int) > h.data[max].(int) {\n            max = l\n        }\n        if r < h.size() && h.data[r].(int) > h.data[max].(int) {\n            max = r\n        }\n        // \u82e5\u8282\u70b9 i \u6700\u5927\u6216\u7d22\u5f15 l, r \u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u65e0\u987b\u7ee7\u7eed\u5806\u5316\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\n        if max == i {\n            break\n        }\n        // \u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\n        h.swap(i, max)\n        // \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0b\u5806\u5316\n        i = max\n    }\n}\n
    my_heap.swift
    /* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806 */\nfunc pop() -> Int {\n    // \u5224\u7a7a\u5904\u7406\n    if isEmpty() {\n        fatalError(\"\u5806\u4e3a\u7a7a\")\n    }\n    // \u4ea4\u6362\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e0e\u6700\u53f3\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u4ea4\u6362\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\uff09\n    swap(i: 0, j: size() - 1)\n    // \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\n    let val = maxHeap.remove(at: size() - 1)\n    // \u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316\n    siftDown(i: 0)\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\n    return val\n}\n\n/* \u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316 */\nfunc siftDown(i: Int) {\n    var i = i\n    while true {\n        // \u5224\u65ad\u8282\u70b9 i, l, r \u4e2d\u503c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a ma\n        let l = left(i: i)\n        let r = right(i: i)\n        var ma = i\n        if l < size(), maxHeap[l] > maxHeap[ma] {\n            ma = l\n        }\n        if r < size(), maxHeap[r] > maxHeap[ma] {\n            ma = r\n        }\n        // \u82e5\u8282\u70b9 i \u6700\u5927\u6216\u7d22\u5f15 l, r \u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u65e0\u987b\u7ee7\u7eed\u5806\u5316\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\n        if ma == i {\n            break\n        }\n        // \u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\n        swap(i: i, j: ma)\n        // \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0b\u5806\u5316\n        i = ma\n    }\n}\n
    my_heap.js
    /* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806 */\npop() {\n    // \u5224\u7a7a\u5904\u7406\n    if (this.isEmpty()) throw new Error('\u5806\u4e3a\u7a7a');\n    // \u4ea4\u6362\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e0e\u6700\u53f3\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u4ea4\u6362\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\uff09\n    this.#swap(0, this.size() - 1);\n    // \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\n    const val = this.#maxHeap.pop();\n    // \u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316\n    this.#siftDown(0);\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\n    return val;\n}\n\n/* \u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316 */\n#siftDown(i) {\n    while (true) {\n        // \u5224\u65ad\u8282\u70b9 i, l, r \u4e2d\u503c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a ma\n        const l = this.#left(i),\n            r = this.#right(i);\n        let ma = i;\n        if (l < this.size() && this.#maxHeap[l] > this.#maxHeap[ma]) ma = l;\n        if (r < this.size() && this.#maxHeap[r] > this.#maxHeap[ma]) ma = r;\n        // \u82e5\u8282\u70b9 i \u6700\u5927\u6216\u7d22\u5f15 l, r \u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u65e0\u987b\u7ee7\u7eed\u5806\u5316\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\n        if (ma === i) break;\n        // \u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\n        this.#swap(i, ma);\n        // \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0b\u5806\u5316\n        i = ma;\n    }\n}\n
    my_heap.ts
    /* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806 */\npop(): number {\n    // \u5224\u7a7a\u5904\u7406\n    if (this.isEmpty()) throw new RangeError('Heap is empty.');\n    // \u4ea4\u6362\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e0e\u6700\u53f3\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u4ea4\u6362\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\uff09\n    this.swap(0, this.size() - 1);\n    // \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\n    const val = this.maxHeap.pop();\n    // \u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316\n    this.siftDown(0);\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\n    return val;\n}\n\n/* \u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316 */\nsiftDown(i: number): void {\n    while (true) {\n        // \u5224\u65ad\u8282\u70b9 i, l, r \u4e2d\u503c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a ma\n        const l = this.left(i),\n            r = this.right(i);\n        let ma = i;\n        if (l < this.size() && this.maxHeap[l] > this.maxHeap[ma]) ma = l;\n        if (r < this.size() && this.maxHeap[r] > this.maxHeap[ma]) ma = r;\n        // \u82e5\u8282\u70b9 i \u6700\u5927\u6216\u7d22\u5f15 l, r \u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u65e0\u987b\u7ee7\u7eed\u5806\u5316\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\n        if (ma === i) break;\n        // \u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\n        this.swap(i, ma);\n        // \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0b\u5806\u5316\n        i = ma;\n    }\n}\n
    my_heap.dart
    /* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806 */\nint pop() {\n  // \u5224\u7a7a\u5904\u7406\n  if (isEmpty()) throw Exception('\u5806\u4e3a\u7a7a');\n  // \u4ea4\u6362\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e0e\u6700\u53f3\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u4ea4\u6362\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\uff09\n  _swap(0, size() - 1);\n  // \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\n  int val = _maxHeap.removeLast();\n  // \u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316\n  siftDown(0);\n  // \u8fd4\u56de\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\n  return val;\n}\n\n/* \u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316 */\nvoid siftDown(int i) {\n  while (true) {\n    // \u5224\u65ad\u8282\u70b9 i, l, r \u4e2d\u503c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a ma\n    int l = _left(i);\n    int r = _right(i);\n    int ma = i;\n    if (l < size() && _maxHeap[l] > _maxHeap[ma]) ma = l;\n    if (r < size() && _maxHeap[r] > _maxHeap[ma]) ma = r;\n    // \u82e5\u8282\u70b9 i \u6700\u5927\u6216\u7d22\u5f15 l, r \u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u65e0\u987b\u7ee7\u7eed\u5806\u5316\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\n    if (ma == i) break;\n    // \u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\n    _swap(i, ma);\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0b\u5806\u5316\n    i = ma;\n  }\n}\n
    my_heap.rs
    /* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806 */\nfn pop(&mut self) -> i32 {\n    // \u5224\u7a7a\u5904\u7406\n    if self.is_empty() {\n        panic!(\"index out of bounds\");\n    }\n    // \u4ea4\u6362\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e0e\u6700\u53f3\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u4ea4\u6362\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\uff09\n    self.swap(0, self.size() - 1);\n    // \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\n    let val = self.max_heap.remove(self.size() - 1);\n    // \u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316\n    self.sift_down(0);\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\n    val\n}\n\n/* \u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316 */\nfn sift_down(&mut self, mut i: usize) {\n    loop {\n        // \u5224\u65ad\u8282\u70b9 i, l, r \u4e2d\u503c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a ma\n        let (l, r, mut ma) = (Self::left(i), Self::right(i), i);\n        if l < self.size() && self.max_heap[l] > self.max_heap[ma] {\n            ma = l;\n        }\n        if r < self.size() && self.max_heap[r] > self.max_heap[ma] {\n            ma = r;\n        }\n        // \u82e5\u8282\u70b9 i \u6700\u5927\u6216\u7d22\u5f15 l, r \u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u65e0\u987b\u7ee7\u7eed\u5806\u5316\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\n        if ma == i {\n            break;\n        }\n        // \u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\n        self.swap(i, ma);\n        // \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0b\u5806\u5316\n        i = ma;\n    }\n}\n
    my_heap.c
    /* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806 */\nint pop(MaxHeap *maxHeap) {\n    // \u5224\u7a7a\u5904\u7406\n    if (isEmpty(maxHeap)) {\n        printf(\"heap is empty!\");\n        return INT_MAX;\n    }\n    // \u4ea4\u6362\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e0e\u6700\u53f3\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u4ea4\u6362\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\uff09\n    swap(maxHeap, 0, size(maxHeap) - 1);\n    // \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\n    int val = maxHeap->data[maxHeap->size - 1];\n    maxHeap->size--;\n    // \u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316\n    siftDown(maxHeap, 0);\n\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\n    return val;\n}\n\n/* \u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316 */\nvoid siftDown(MaxHeap *maxHeap, int i) {\n    while (true) {\n        // \u5224\u65ad\u8282\u70b9 i, l, r \u4e2d\u503c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a max\n        int l = left(maxHeap, i);\n        int r = right(maxHeap, i);\n        int max = i;\n        if (l < size(maxHeap) && maxHeap->data[l] > maxHeap->data[max]) {\n            max = l;\n        }\n        if (r < size(maxHeap) && maxHeap->data[r] > maxHeap->data[max]) {\n            max = r;\n        }\n        // \u82e5\u8282\u70b9 i \u6700\u5927\u6216\u7d22\u5f15 l, r \u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u65e0\u987b\u7ee7\u7eed\u5806\u5316\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\n        if (max == i) {\n            break;\n        }\n        // \u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\n        swap(maxHeap, i, max);\n        // \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0b\u5806\u5316\n        i = max;\n    }\n}\n
    my_heap.zig
    // \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806\nfn pop(self: *Self) !T {\n    // \u5224\u65ad\u5904\u7406\n    if (self.isEmpty()) unreachable;\n    // \u4ea4\u6362\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e0e\u6700\u53f3\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u4ea4\u6362\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\uff09\n    try self.swap(0, self.size() - 1);\n    // \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\n    var val = self.max_heap.?.pop();\n    // \u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316\n    try self.siftDown(0);\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\n    return val;\n} \n\n// \u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316\nfn siftDown(self: *Self, i_: usize) !void {\n    var i = i_;\n    while (true) {\n        // \u5224\u65ad\u8282\u70b9 i, l, r \u4e2d\u503c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a ma\n        var l = left(i);\n        var r = right(i);\n        var ma = i;\n        if (l < self.size() and self.max_heap.?.items[l] > self.max_heap.?.items[ma]) ma = l;\n        if (r < self.size() and self.max_heap.?.items[r] > self.max_heap.?.items[ma]) ma = r;\n        // \u82e5\u8282\u70b9 i \u6700\u5927\u6216\u7d22\u5f15 l, r \u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u65e0\u987b\u7ee7\u7eed\u5806\u5316\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\n        if (ma == i) break;\n        // \u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\n        try self.swap(i, ma);\n        // \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0b\u5806\u5316\n        i = ma;\n    }\n}\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_heap/heap/#813","title":"8.1.3 \u00a0 \u5806\u7684\u5e38\u89c1\u5e94\u7528","text":"
    • \u4f18\u5148\u961f\u5217\uff1a\u5806\u901a\u5e38\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5b9e\u73b0\u4f18\u5148\u961f\u5217\u7684\u9996\u9009\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5176\u5165\u961f\u548c\u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5747\u4e3a \\(O(\\log n)\\) \uff0c\u800c\u5efa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e3a \\(O(n)\\) \uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\u90fd\u975e\u5e38\u9ad8\u6548\u3002
    • \u5806\u6392\u5e8f\uff1a\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u7ec4\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5b83\u4eec\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u5806\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u6267\u884c\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f97\u5230\u6709\u5e8f\u6570\u636e\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u79cd\u66f4\u4f18\u96c5\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5b9e\u73b0\u5806\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u8be6\u89c1\u201c\u5806\u6392\u5e8f\u201d\u7ae0\u8282\u3002
    • \u83b7\u53d6\u6700\u5927\u7684 \\(k\\) \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\uff1a\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ecf\u5178\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5178\u578b\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u9009\u62e9\u70ed\u5ea6\u524d 10 \u7684\u65b0\u95fb\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5fae\u535a\u70ed\u641c\uff0c\u9009\u53d6\u9500\u91cf\u524d 10 \u7684\u5546\u54c1\u7b49\u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_heap/summary/","title":"8.4 \u00a0 \u5c0f\u7ed3","text":""},{"location":"chapter_heap/summary/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u91cd\u70b9\u56de\u987e","text":"
    • \u5806\u662f\u4e00\u68f5\u5b8c\u5168\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u6210\u7acb\u6761\u4ef6\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u5927\u9876\u5806\u548c\u5c0f\u9876\u5806\u3002\u5927\uff08\u5c0f\uff09\u9876\u5806\u7684\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\u662f\u6700\u5927\uff08\u5c0f\uff09\u7684\u3002
    • \u4f18\u5148\u961f\u5217\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u662f\u5177\u6709\u51fa\u961f\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u7684\u961f\u5217\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u5806\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002
    • \u5806\u7684\u5e38\u7528\u64cd\u4f5c\u53ca\u5176\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806 \\(O(\\log n)\\)\u3001\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806 \\(O(\\log n)\\) \u548c\u8bbf\u95ee\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20 \\(O(1)\\) \u7b49\u3002
    • \u5b8c\u5168\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u975e\u5e38\u9002\u5408\u7528\u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u7ec4\u6765\u5b58\u50a8\u5806\u3002
    • \u5806\u5316\u64cd\u4f5c\u7528\u4e8e\u7ef4\u62a4\u5806\u7684\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u5728\u5165\u5806\u548c\u51fa\u5806\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e2d\u90fd\u4f1a\u7528\u5230\u3002
    • \u8f93\u5165 \\(n\\) \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5e76\u5efa\u5806\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f18\u5316\u81f3 \\(O(n)\\) \uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u9ad8\u6548\u3002
    • Top-k \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ecf\u5178\u7b97\u6cd5\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5806\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u9ad8\u6548\u89e3\u51b3\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n \\log k)\\) \u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_heap/summary/#2-q-a","title":"2. \u00a0 Q & A","text":"

    \u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u201c\u5806\u201d\u4e0e\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u201c\u5806\u201d\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u5417\uff1f

    \u4e24\u8005\u4e0d\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u78b0\u5de7\u90fd\u53eb\u201c\u5806\u201d\u3002\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u7684\u5806\u662f\u52a8\u6001\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\u6765\u5b58\u50a8\u6570\u636e\u3002\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e00\u5b9a\u91cf\u7684\u5806\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5982\u5bf9\u8c61\u548c\u6570\u7ec4\u7b49\u590d\u6742\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u5f53\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u4e0d\u518d\u9700\u8981\u65f6\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u9700\u8981\u91ca\u653e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u3002\u76f8\u8f83\u4e8e\u6808\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u5806\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u8c28\u614e\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0d\u5f53\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u548c\u91ce\u6307\u9488\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_heap/top_k/","title":"8.3 \u00a0 Top-k \u95ee\u9898","text":"

    Question

    \u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(n\\) \u7684\u65e0\u5e8f\u6570\u7ec4 nums \uff0c\u8bf7\u8fd4\u56de\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u6700\u5927\u7684 \\(k\\) \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u3002

    \u5bf9\u4e8e\u8be5\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5148\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e24\u79cd\u601d\u8def\u6bd4\u8f83\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u89e3\u6cd5\uff0c\u518d\u4ecb\u7ecd\u6548\u7387\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u5806\u89e3\u6cd5\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_heap/top_k/#831","title":"8.3.1 \u00a0 \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e00\uff1a\u904d\u5386\u9009\u62e9","text":"

    \u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u56fe 8-6 \u6240\u793a\u7684 \\(k\\) \u8f6e\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u5728\u6bcf\u8f6e\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u7b2c \\(1\\)\u3001\\(2\\)\u3001\\(\\dots\\)\u3001\\(k\\) \u5927\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(nk)\\) \u3002

    \u6b64\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ea\u9002\u7528\u4e8e \\(k \\ll n\\) \u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5f53 \\(k\\) \u4e0e \\(n\\) \u6bd4\u8f83\u63a5\u8fd1\u65f6\uff0c\u5176\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u8d8b\u5411\u4e8e \\(O(n^2)\\) \uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u8017\u65f6\u3002

    \u56fe 8-6 \u00a0 \u904d\u5386\u5bfb\u627e\u6700\u5927\u7684 k \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20

    Tip

    \u5f53 \\(k = n\\) \u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u6709\u5e8f\u5e8f\u5217\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\u201c\u9009\u62e9\u6392\u5e8f\u201d\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_heap/top_k/#832","title":"8.3.2 \u00a0 \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e8c\uff1a\u6392\u5e8f","text":"

    \u5982\u56fe 8-7 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5148\u5bf9\u6570\u7ec4 nums \u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u518d\u8fd4\u56de\u6700\u53f3\u8fb9\u7684 \\(k\\) \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n \\log n)\\) \u3002

    \u663e\u7136\uff0c\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u201c\u8d85\u989d\u201d\u5b8c\u6210\u4efb\u52a1\u4e86\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u9700\u627e\u51fa\u6700\u5927\u7684 \\(k\\) \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5373\u53ef\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u6392\u5e8f\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u7d20\u3002

    \u56fe 8-7 \u00a0 \u6392\u5e8f\u5bfb\u627e\u6700\u5927\u7684 k \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20

    "},{"location":"chapter_heap/top_k/#833","title":"8.3.3 \u00a0 \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e09\uff1a\u5806","text":"

    \u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u57fa\u4e8e\u5806\u66f4\u52a0\u9ad8\u6548\u5730\u89e3\u51b3 Top-k \u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6d41\u7a0b\u5982\u56fe 8-8 \u6240\u793a\u3002

    1. \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u9876\u5806\uff0c\u5176\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\u6700\u5c0f\u3002
    2. \u5148\u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u524d \\(k\\) \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u4f9d\u6b21\u5165\u5806\u3002
    3. \u4ece\u7b2c \\(k + 1\\) \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u82e5\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u5927\u4e8e\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806\u3002
    4. \u904d\u5386\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u5806\u4e2d\u4fdd\u5b58\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u6700\u5927\u7684 \\(k\\) \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u3002
    <1><2><3><4><5><6><7><8><9>

    \u56fe 8-8 \u00a0 \u57fa\u4e8e\u5806\u5bfb\u627e\u6700\u5927\u7684 k \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20

    \u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig top_k.py
    def top_k_heap(nums: list[int], k: int) -> list[int]:\n    \"\"\"\u57fa\u4e8e\u5806\u67e5\u627e\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u6700\u5927\u7684 k \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\"\"\"\n    # \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5c0f\u9876\u5806\n    heap = []\n    # \u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u524d k \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806\n    for i in range(k):\n        heapq.heappush(heap, nums[i])\n    # \u4ece\u7b2c k+1 \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4fdd\u6301\u5806\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a k\n    for i in range(k, len(nums)):\n        # \u82e5\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u5927\u4e8e\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806\u3001\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806\n        if nums[i] > heap[0]:\n            heapq.heappop(heap)\n            heapq.heappush(heap, nums[i])\n    return heap\n
    top_k.cpp
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u5806\u67e5\u627e\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u6700\u5927\u7684 k \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20 */\npriority_queue<int, vector<int>, greater<int>> topKHeap(vector<int> &nums, int k) {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5c0f\u9876\u5806\n    priority_queue<int, vector<int>, greater<int>> heap;\n    // \u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u524d k \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806\n    for (int i = 0; i < k; i++) {\n        heap.push(nums[i]);\n    }\n    // \u4ece\u7b2c k+1 \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4fdd\u6301\u5806\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a k\n    for (int i = k; i < nums.size(); i++) {\n        // \u82e5\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u5927\u4e8e\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806\u3001\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806\n        if (nums[i] > heap.top()) {\n            heap.pop();\n            heap.push(nums[i]);\n        }\n    }\n    return heap;\n}\n
    top_k.java
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u5806\u67e5\u627e\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u6700\u5927\u7684 k \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20 */\nQueue<Integer> topKHeap(int[] nums, int k) {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5c0f\u9876\u5806\n    Queue<Integer> heap = new PriorityQueue<Integer>();\n    // \u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u524d k \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806\n    for (int i = 0; i < k; i++) {\n        heap.offer(nums[i]);\n    }\n    // \u4ece\u7b2c k+1 \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4fdd\u6301\u5806\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a k\n    for (int i = k; i < nums.length; i++) {\n        // \u82e5\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u5927\u4e8e\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806\u3001\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806\n        if (nums[i] > heap.peek()) {\n            heap.poll();\n            heap.offer(nums[i]);\n        }\n    }\n    return heap;\n}\n
    top_k.cs
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u5806\u67e5\u627e\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u6700\u5927\u7684 k \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20 */\nPriorityQueue<int, int> TopKHeap(int[] nums, int k) {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5c0f\u9876\u5806\n    PriorityQueue<int, int> heap = new();\n    // \u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u524d k \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806\n    for (int i = 0; i < k; i++) {\n        heap.Enqueue(nums[i], nums[i]);\n    }\n    // \u4ece\u7b2c k+1 \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4fdd\u6301\u5806\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a k\n    for (int i = k; i < nums.Length; i++) {\n        // \u82e5\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u5927\u4e8e\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806\u3001\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806\n        if (nums[i] > heap.Peek()) {\n            heap.Dequeue();\n            heap.Enqueue(nums[i], nums[i]);\n        }\n    }\n    return heap;\n}\n
    top_k.go
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u5806\u67e5\u627e\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u6700\u5927\u7684 k \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunc topKHeap(nums []int, k int) *minHeap {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5c0f\u9876\u5806\n    h := &minHeap{}\n    heap.Init(h)\n    // \u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u524d k \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806\n    for i := 0; i < k; i++ {\n        heap.Push(h, nums[i])\n    }\n    // \u4ece\u7b2c k+1 \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4fdd\u6301\u5806\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a k\n    for i := k; i < len(nums); i++ {\n        // \u82e5\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u5927\u4e8e\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806\u3001\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806\n        if nums[i] > h.Top().(int) {\n            heap.Pop(h)\n            heap.Push(h, nums[i])\n        }\n    }\n    return h\n}\n
    top_k.swift
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u5806\u67e5\u627e\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u6700\u5927\u7684 k \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunc topKHeap(nums: [Int], k: Int) -> [Int] {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u9876\u5806\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u524d k \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5efa\u5806\n    var heap = Heap(nums.prefix(k))\n    // \u4ece\u7b2c k+1 \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4fdd\u6301\u5806\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a k\n    for i in stride(from: k, to: nums.count, by: 1) {\n        // \u82e5\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u5927\u4e8e\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806\u3001\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806\n        if nums[i] > heap.min()! {\n            _ = heap.removeMin()\n            heap.insert(nums[i])\n        }\n    }\n    return heap.unordered\n}\n
    top_k.js
    /* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806 */\nfunction pushMinHeap(maxHeap, val) {\n    // \u5143\u7d20\u53d6\u53cd\n    maxHeap.push(-val);\n}\n\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806 */\nfunction popMinHeap(maxHeap) {\n    // \u5143\u7d20\u53d6\u53cd\n    return -maxHeap.pop();\n}\n\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunction peekMinHeap(maxHeap) {\n    // \u5143\u7d20\u53d6\u53cd\n    return -maxHeap.peek();\n}\n\n/* \u53d6\u51fa\u5806\u4e2d\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunction getMinHeap(maxHeap) {\n    // \u5143\u7d20\u53d6\u53cd\n    return maxHeap.getMaxHeap().map((num) => -num);\n}\n\n/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u5806\u67e5\u627e\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u6700\u5927\u7684 k \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunction topKHeap(nums, k) {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5c0f\u9876\u5806\n    // \u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5806\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u53d6\u53cd\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u7528\u5927\u9876\u5806\u6765\u6a21\u62df\u5c0f\u9876\u5806\n    const maxHeap = new MaxHeap([]);\n    // \u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u524d k \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806\n    for (let i = 0; i < k; i++) {\n        pushMinHeap(maxHeap, nums[i]);\n    }\n    // \u4ece\u7b2c k+1 \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4fdd\u6301\u5806\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a k\n    for (let i = k; i < nums.length; i++) {\n        // \u82e5\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u5927\u4e8e\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806\u3001\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806\n        if (nums[i] > peekMinHeap(maxHeap)) {\n            popMinHeap(maxHeap);\n            pushMinHeap(maxHeap, nums[i]);\n        }\n    }\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u5806\u4e2d\u5143\u7d20\n    return getMinHeap(maxHeap);\n}\n
    top_k.ts
    /* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806 */\nfunction pushMinHeap(maxHeap: MaxHeap, val: number): void {\n    // \u5143\u7d20\u53d6\u53cd\n    maxHeap.push(-val);\n}\n\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806 */\nfunction popMinHeap(maxHeap: MaxHeap): number {\n    // \u5143\u7d20\u53d6\u53cd\n    return -maxHeap.pop();\n}\n\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunction peekMinHeap(maxHeap: MaxHeap): number {\n    // \u5143\u7d20\u53d6\u53cd\n    return -maxHeap.peek();\n}\n\n/* \u53d6\u51fa\u5806\u4e2d\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunction getMinHeap(maxHeap: MaxHeap): number[] {\n    // \u5143\u7d20\u53d6\u53cd\n    return maxHeap.getMaxHeap().map((num: number) => -num);\n}\n\n/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u5806\u67e5\u627e\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u6700\u5927\u7684 k \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunction topKHeap(nums: number[], k: number): number[] {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5c0f\u9876\u5806\n    // \u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5806\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u53d6\u53cd\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u7528\u5927\u9876\u5806\u6765\u6a21\u62df\u5c0f\u9876\u5806\n    const maxHeap = new MaxHeap([]);\n    // \u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u524d k \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806\n    for (let i = 0; i < k; i++) {\n        pushMinHeap(maxHeap, nums[i]);\n    }\n    // \u4ece\u7b2c k+1 \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4fdd\u6301\u5806\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a k\n    for (let i = k; i < nums.length; i++) {\n        // \u82e5\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u5927\u4e8e\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806\u3001\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806\n        if (nums[i] > peekMinHeap(maxHeap)) {\n            popMinHeap(maxHeap);\n            pushMinHeap(maxHeap, nums[i]);\n        }\n    }\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u5806\u4e2d\u5143\u7d20\n    return getMinHeap(maxHeap);\n}\n
    top_k.dart
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u5806\u67e5\u627e\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u6700\u5927\u7684 k \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20 */\nMinHeap topKHeap(List<int> nums, int k) {\n  // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5c0f\u9876\u5806\uff0c\u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u524d k \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806\n  MinHeap heap = MinHeap(nums.sublist(0, k));\n  // \u4ece\u7b2c k+1 \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4fdd\u6301\u5806\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a k\n  for (int i = k; i < nums.length; i++) {\n    // \u82e5\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u5927\u4e8e\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806\u3001\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806\n    if (nums[i] > heap.peek()) {\n      heap.pop();\n      heap.push(nums[i]);\n    }\n  }\n  return heap;\n}\n
    top_k.rs
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u5806\u67e5\u627e\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u6700\u5927\u7684 k \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20 */\nfn top_k_heap(nums: Vec<i32>, k: usize) -> BinaryHeap<Reverse<i32>> {\n    // BinaryHeap \u662f\u5927\u9876\u5806\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 Reverse \u5c06\u5143\u7d20\u53d6\u53cd\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5b9e\u73b0\u5c0f\u9876\u5806\n    let mut heap = BinaryHeap::<Reverse<i32>>::new();\n    // \u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u524d k \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806\n    for &num in nums.iter().take(k) {\n        heap.push(Reverse(num));\n    }\n    // \u4ece\u7b2c k+1 \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4fdd\u6301\u5806\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a k\n    for &num in nums.iter().skip(k) {\n        // \u82e5\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u5927\u4e8e\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806\u3001\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806\n        if num > heap.peek().unwrap().0 {\n            heap.pop();\n            heap.push(Reverse(num));\n        }\n    }\n    heap\n}\n
    top_k.c
    /* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806 */\nvoid pushMinHeap(MaxHeap *maxHeap, int val) {\n    // \u5143\u7d20\u53d6\u53cd\n    push(maxHeap, -val);\n}\n\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806 */\nint popMinHeap(MaxHeap *maxHeap) {\n    // \u5143\u7d20\u53d6\u53cd\n    return -pop(maxHeap);\n}\n\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\nint peekMinHeap(MaxHeap *maxHeap) {\n    // \u5143\u7d20\u53d6\u53cd\n    return -peek(maxHeap);\n}\n\n/* \u53d6\u51fa\u5806\u4e2d\u5143\u7d20 */\nint *getMinHeap(MaxHeap *maxHeap) {\n    // \u5c06\u5806\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u53d6\u53cd\u5e76\u5b58\u5165 res \u6570\u7ec4\n    int *res = (int *)malloc(maxHeap->size * sizeof(int));\n    for (int i = 0; i < maxHeap->size; i++) {\n        res[i] = -maxHeap->data[i];\n    }\n    return res;\n}\n\n/* \u53d6\u51fa\u5806\u4e2d\u5143\u7d20 */\nint *getMinHeap(MaxHeap *maxHeap) {\n    // \u5c06\u5806\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u53d6\u53cd\u5e76\u5b58\u5165 res \u6570\u7ec4\n    int *res = (int *)malloc(maxHeap->size * sizeof(int));\n    for (int i = 0; i < maxHeap->size; i++) {\n        res[i] = -maxHeap->data[i];\n    }\n    return res;\n}\n\n// \u57fa\u4e8e\u5806\u67e5\u627e\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u6700\u5927\u7684 k \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u51fd\u6570\nint *topKHeap(int *nums, int sizeNums, int k) {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5c0f\u9876\u5806\n    // \u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5806\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u53d6\u53cd\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u7528\u5927\u9876\u5806\u6765\u6a21\u62df\u5c0f\u9876\u5806\n    int *empty = (int *)malloc(0);\n    MaxHeap *maxHeap = newMaxHeap(empty, 0);\n    // \u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u524d k \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806\n    for (int i = 0; i < k; i++) {\n        pushMinHeap(maxHeap, nums[i]);\n    }\n    // \u4ece\u7b2c k+1 \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4fdd\u6301\u5806\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a k\n    for (int i = k; i < sizeNums; i++) {\n        // \u82e5\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u5927\u4e8e\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806\u3001\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u5165\u5806\n        if (nums[i] > peekMinHeap(maxHeap)) {\n            popMinHeap(maxHeap);\n            pushMinHeap(maxHeap, nums[i]);\n        }\n    }\n    int *res = getMinHeap(maxHeap);\n    // \u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\n    delMaxHeap(maxHeap);\n    return res;\n}\n
    top_k.zig
    [class]{}-[func]{topKHeap}\n

    \u603b\u5171\u6267\u884c\u4e86 \\(n\\) \u8f6e\u5165\u5806\u548c\u51fa\u5806\uff0c\u5806\u7684\u6700\u5927\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(k\\) \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n \\log k)\\) \u3002\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u6548\u7387\u5f88\u9ad8\uff0c\u5f53 \\(k\\) \u8f83\u5c0f\u65f6\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u8d8b\u5411 \\(O(n)\\) \uff1b\u5f53 \\(k\\) \u8f83\u5927\u65f6\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8d85\u8fc7 \\(O(n \\log n)\\) \u3002

    \u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u52a8\u6001\u6570\u636e\u6d41\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u573a\u666f\u3002\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u52a0\u5165\u6570\u636e\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6301\u7eed\u7ef4\u62a4\u5806\u5185\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5b9e\u73b0\u6700\u5927\u7684 \\(k\\) \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u66f4\u65b0\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_introduction/","title":"\u7b2c 1 \u7ae0 \u00a0 \u521d\u8bc6\u7b97\u6cd5","text":"

    Abstract

    \u4e00\u4f4d\u5c11\u5973\u7fe9\u7fe9\u8d77\u821e\uff0c\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u4ea4\u7ec7\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u88d9\u6446\u4e0a\u98d8\u626c\u7740\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u65cb\u5f8b\u3002

    \u5979\u9080\u8bf7\u4f60\u5171\u821e\uff0c\u8bf7\u7d27\u8ddf\u5979\u7684\u6b65\u4f10\uff0c\u8e0f\u5165\u5145\u6ee1\u903b\u8f91\u4e0e\u7f8e\u611f\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e16\u754c\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_introduction/#_1","title":"\u672c\u7ae0\u5185\u5bb9","text":"
    • 1.1 \u00a0 \u7b97\u6cd5\u65e0\u5904\u4e0d\u5728
    • 1.2 \u00a0 \u7b97\u6cd5\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48
    • 1.3 \u00a0 \u5c0f\u7ed3
    "},{"location":"chapter_introduction/algorithms_are_everywhere/","title":"1.1 \u00a0 \u7b97\u6cd5\u65e0\u5904\u4e0d\u5728","text":"

    \u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u542c\u5230\u201c\u7b97\u6cd5\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u65f6\uff0c\u5f88\u81ea\u7136\u5730\u4f1a\u60f3\u5230\u6570\u5b66\u3002\u7136\u800c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u7b97\u6cd5\u5e76\u4e0d\u6d89\u53ca\u590d\u6742\u6570\u5b66\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u66f4\u591a\u5730\u4f9d\u8d56\u57fa\u672c\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u903b\u8f91\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u5904\u5904\u53ef\u89c1\u3002

    \u5728\u6b63\u5f0f\u63a2\u8ba8\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u503c\u5f97\u5206\u4eab\uff1a\u4f60\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u4e0d\u77e5\u4e0d\u89c9\u4e2d\u5b66\u4f1a\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u4e60\u60ef\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u5e94\u7528\u5230\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u4e86\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u6211\u5c06\u4e3e\u51e0\u4e2a\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u6765\u8bc1\u5b9e\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u3002

    \u4f8b\u4e00\uff1a\u67e5\u5b57\u5178\u3002\u5728\u5b57\u5178\u91cc\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6c49\u5b57\u90fd\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e00\u4e2a\u62fc\u97f3\uff0c\u800c\u5b57\u5178\u662f\u6309\u7167\u62fc\u97f3\u5b57\u6bcd\u987a\u5e8f\u6392\u5217\u7684\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u67e5\u627e\u4e00\u4e2a\u62fc\u97f3\u9996\u5b57\u6bcd\u4e3a \\(r\\) \u7684\u5b57\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u6309\u7167\u56fe 1-1 \u6240\u793a\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002

    1. \u7ffb\u5f00\u5b57\u5178\u7ea6\u4e00\u534a\u7684\u9875\u6570\uff0c\u67e5\u770b\u8be5\u9875\u7684\u9996\u5b57\u6bcd\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u5047\u8bbe\u9996\u5b57\u6bcd\u4e3a \\(m\\) \u3002
    2. \u7531\u4e8e\u5728\u62fc\u97f3\u5b57\u6bcd\u8868\u4e2d \\(r\\) \u4f4d\u4e8e \\(m\\) \u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6392\u9664\u5b57\u5178\u524d\u534a\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u67e5\u627e\u8303\u56f4\u7f29\u5c0f\u5230\u540e\u534a\u90e8\u5206\u3002
    3. \u4e0d\u65ad\u91cd\u590d\u6b65\u9aa4 1. \u548c \u6b65\u9aa4 2. \uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u627e\u5230\u62fc\u97f3\u9996\u5b57\u6bcd\u4e3a \\(r\\) \u7684\u9875\u7801\u4e3a\u6b62\u3002
    <1><2><3><4><5>

    \u56fe 1-1 \u00a0 \u67e5\u5b57\u5178\u6b65\u9aa4

    \u67e5\u5b57\u5178\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c0f\u5b66\u751f\u5fc5\u5907\u6280\u80fd\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f\u8457\u540d\u7684\u201c\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u201d\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u5b57\u5178\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u201c\u6570\u7ec4\u201d\uff1b\u4ece\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u4e0a\u8ff0\u67e5\u5b57\u5178\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u64cd\u4f5c\u770b\u4f5c\u201c\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u201d\u3002

    \u4f8b\u4e8c\uff1a\u6574\u7406\u6251\u514b\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u6253\u724c\u65f6\uff0c\u6bcf\u5c40\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u6574\u7406\u624b\u4e2d\u7684\u6251\u514b\u724c\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u4ece\u5c0f\u5230\u5927\u6392\u5217\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u6d41\u7a0b\u5982\u56fe 1-2 \u6240\u793a\u3002

    1. \u5c06\u6251\u514b\u724c\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u201c\u6709\u5e8f\u201d\u548c\u201c\u65e0\u5e8f\u201d\u4e24\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5e76\u5047\u8bbe\u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\u6700\u5de6 1 \u5f20\u6251\u514b\u724c\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u5e8f\u3002
    2. \u5728\u65e0\u5e8f\u90e8\u5206\u62bd\u51fa\u4e00\u5f20\u6251\u514b\u724c\uff0c\u63d2\u5165\u81f3\u6709\u5e8f\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff1b\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\u6700\u5de6 2 \u5f20\u6251\u514b\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u5e8f\u3002
    3. \u4e0d\u65ad\u5faa\u73af\u6b65\u9aa4 2. \uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u8f6e\u5c06\u4e00\u5f20\u6251\u514b\u724c\u4ece\u65e0\u5e8f\u90e8\u5206\u63d2\u5165\u81f3\u6709\u5e8f\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u6240\u6709\u6251\u514b\u724c\u90fd\u6709\u5e8f\u3002

    \u56fe 1-2 \u00a0 \u6251\u514b\u6392\u5e8f\u6b65\u9aa4

    \u4e0a\u8ff0\u6574\u7406\u6251\u514b\u724c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u201c\u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f\u201d\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b83\u5728\u5904\u7406\u5c0f\u578b\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u65f6\u975e\u5e38\u9ad8\u6548\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u5e93\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u90fd\u6709\u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u8eab\u5f71\u3002

    \u4f8b\u4e09\uff1a\u8d27\u5e01\u627e\u96f6\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u8d85\u5e02\u8d2d\u4e70\u4e86 \\(69\\) \u5143\u7684\u5546\u54c1\uff0c\u7ed9\u4e86\u6536\u94f6\u5458 \\(100\\) \u5143\uff0c\u5219\u6536\u94f6\u5458\u9700\u8981\u627e\u6211\u4eec \\(31\\) \u5143\u3002\u4ed6\u4f1a\u5f88\u81ea\u7136\u5730\u5b8c\u6210\u5982\u56fe 1-3 \u6240\u793a\u7684\u601d\u8003\u3002

    1. \u53ef\u9009\u9879\u662f\u6bd4 \\(31\\) \u5143\u9762\u503c\u66f4\u5c0f\u7684\u8d27\u5e01\uff0c\u5305\u62ec \\(1\\) \u5143\u3001\\(5\\) \u5143\u3001\\(10\\) \u5143\u3001\\(20\\) \u5143\u3002
    2. \u4ece\u53ef\u9009\u9879\u4e2d\u62ff\u51fa\u6700\u5927\u7684 \\(20\\) \u5143\uff0c\u5269\u4f59 \\(31 - 20 = 11\\) \u5143\u3002
    3. \u4ece\u5269\u4f59\u53ef\u9009\u9879\u4e2d\u62ff\u51fa\u6700\u5927\u7684 \\(10\\) \u5143\uff0c\u5269\u4f59 \\(11 - 10 = 1\\) \u5143\u3002
    4. \u4ece\u5269\u4f59\u53ef\u9009\u9879\u4e2d\u62ff\u51fa\u6700\u5927\u7684 \\(1\\) \u5143\uff0c\u5269\u4f59 \\(1 - 1 = 0\\) \u5143\u3002
    5. \u5b8c\u6210\u627e\u96f6\uff0c\u65b9\u6848\u4e3a \\(20 + 10 + 1 = 31\\) \u5143\u3002

    \u56fe 1-3 \u00a0 \u8d27\u5e01\u627e\u96f6\u8fc7\u7a0b

    \u5728\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6b65\u9aa4\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b65\u90fd\u91c7\u53d6\u5f53\u524d\u770b\u6765\u6700\u597d\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff08\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u7528\u5927\u9762\u989d\u7684\u8d27\u5e01\uff09\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u53ef\u884c\u7684\u627e\u96f6\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u201c\u8d2a\u5fc3\u201d\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002

    \u5c0f\u5230\u70f9\u996a\u4e00\u9053\u83dc\uff0c\u5927\u5230\u661f\u9645\u822a\u884c\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u90fd\u79bb\u4e0d\u5f00\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u4f7f\u5f97\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u901a\u8fc7\u7f16\u7a0b\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u7f16\u5199\u4ee3\u7801\u8c03\u7528 CPU \u548c GPU \u6267\u884c\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u80fd\u628a\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ee5\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u89e3\u51b3\u5404\u79cd\u590d\u6742\u95ee\u9898\u3002

    Tip

    \u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u7b97\u6cd5\u3001\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u7b49\u6982\u5ff5\u4ecd\u611f\u5230\u4e00\u77e5\u534a\u89e3\uff0c\u8bf7\u7ee7\u7eed\u5f80\u4e0b\u9605\u8bfb\uff0c\u672c\u4e66\u5c06\u5f15\u5bfc\u4f60\u8fc8\u5165\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u6bbf\u5802\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_introduction/summary/","title":"1.3 \u00a0 \u5c0f\u7ed3","text":"
    • \u7b97\u6cd5\u5728\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u65e0\u5904\u4e0d\u5728\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u9065\u4e0d\u53ef\u53ca\u7684\u9ad8\u6df1\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u4e0d\u77e5\u4e0d\u89c9\u4e2d\u5b66\u4f1a\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u7528\u4ee5\u89e3\u51b3\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u95ee\u9898\u3002
    • \u67e5\u5b57\u5178\u7684\u539f\u7406\u4e0e\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u7b97\u6cd5\u76f8\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u7b97\u6cd5\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u5206\u800c\u6cbb\u4e4b\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7b97\u6cd5\u601d\u60f3\u3002
    • \u6574\u7406\u6251\u514b\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e0e\u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u975e\u5e38\u7c7b\u4f3c\u3002\u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u9002\u5408\u6392\u5e8f\u5c0f\u578b\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u3002
    • \u8d27\u5e01\u627e\u96f6\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b65\u90fd\u91c7\u53d6\u5f53\u524d\u770b\u6765\u6700\u597d\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u3002
    • \u7b97\u6cd5\u662f\u5728\u6709\u9650\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u89e3\u51b3\u7279\u5b9a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4e00\u7ec4\u6307\u4ee4\u6216\u64cd\u4f5c\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u800c\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u662f\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e2d\u7ec4\u7ec7\u548c\u5b58\u50a8\u6570\u636e\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002
    • \u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u7b97\u6cd5\u7d27\u5bc6\u76f8\u8fde\u3002\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u662f\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u57fa\u77f3\uff0c\u800c\u7b97\u6cd5\u662f\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u53d1\u6325\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u821e\u53f0\u3002
    • \u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u7b97\u6cd5\u7c7b\u6bd4\u4e3a\u62fc\u88c5\u79ef\u6728\uff0c\u79ef\u6728\u4ee3\u8868\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u79ef\u6728\u7684\u5f62\u72b6\u548c\u8fde\u63a5\u65b9\u5f0f\u7b49\u4ee3\u8868\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u62fc\u88c5\u79ef\u6728\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\u5219\u5bf9\u5e94\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_introduction/what_is_dsa/","title":"1.2 \u00a0 \u7b97\u6cd5\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48","text":""},{"location":"chapter_introduction/what_is_dsa/#121","title":"1.2.1 \u00a0 \u7b97\u6cd5\u5b9a\u4e49","text":"

    \u300c\u7b97\u6cd5 algorithm\u300d\u662f\u5728\u6709\u9650\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u89e3\u51b3\u7279\u5b9a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4e00\u7ec4\u6307\u4ee4\u6216\u64cd\u4f5c\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u5b83\u5177\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7279\u6027\u3002

    • \u95ee\u9898\u662f\u660e\u786e\u7684\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u548c\u8f93\u51fa\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002
    • \u5177\u6709\u53ef\u884c\u6027\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u6709\u9650\u6b65\u9aa4\u3001\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0b\u5b8c\u6210\u3002
    • \u5404\u6b65\u9aa4\u90fd\u6709\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u542b\u4e49\uff0c\u5728\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u548c\u8fd0\u884c\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u8f93\u51fa\u59cb\u7ec8\u76f8\u540c\u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_introduction/what_is_dsa/#122","title":"1.2.2 \u00a0 \u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u5b9a\u4e49","text":"

    \u300c\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784 data structure\u300d\u662f\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e2d\u7ec4\u7ec7\u548c\u5b58\u50a8\u6570\u636e\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8bbe\u8ba1\u76ee\u6807\u3002

    • \u7a7a\u95f4\u5360\u7528\u5c3d\u91cf\u5c11\uff0c\u4ee5\u8282\u7701\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5185\u5b58\u3002
    • \u6570\u636e\u64cd\u4f5c\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u5feb\u901f\uff0c\u6db5\u76d6\u6570\u636e\u8bbf\u95ee\u3001\u6dfb\u52a0\u3001\u5220\u9664\u3001\u66f4\u65b0\u7b49\u3002
    • \u63d0\u4f9b\u7b80\u6d01\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8868\u793a\u548c\u903b\u8f91\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u7b97\u6cd5\u9ad8\u6548\u8fd0\u884c\u3002

    \u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u8bbe\u8ba1\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5145\u6ee1\u6743\u8861\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u5728\u67d0\u65b9\u9762\u53d6\u5f97\u63d0\u5347\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u9700\u8981\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u4f5c\u51fa\u59a5\u534f\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u4e3e\u4e24\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002

    • \u94fe\u8868\u76f8\u8f83\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5728\u6570\u636e\u6dfb\u52a0\u548c\u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e0a\u66f4\u52a0\u4fbf\u6377\uff0c\u4f46\u727a\u7272\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u8bbf\u95ee\u901f\u5ea6\u3002
    • \u56fe\u76f8\u8f83\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4f46\u9700\u8981\u5360\u7528\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_introduction/what_is_dsa/#123","title":"1.2.3 \u00a0 \u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u5173\u7cfb","text":"

    \u5982\u56fe 1-4 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u7b97\u6cd5\u9ad8\u5ea6\u76f8\u5173\u3001\u7d27\u5bc6\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u8868\u73b0\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e09\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u3002

    • \u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u662f\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u57fa\u77f3\u3002\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e3a\u7b97\u6cd5\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u636e\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002
    • \u7b97\u6cd5\u662f\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u53d1\u6325\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u821e\u53f0\u3002\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u672c\u8eab\u4ec5\u5b58\u50a8\u6570\u636e\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u7ed3\u5408\u7b97\u6cd5\u624d\u80fd\u89e3\u51b3\u7279\u5b9a\u95ee\u9898\u3002
    • \u7b97\u6cd5\u901a\u5e38\u53ef\u4ee5\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u4f46\u6267\u884c\u6548\u7387\u53ef\u80fd\u76f8\u5dee\u5f88\u5927\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u662f\u5173\u952e\u3002

    \u56fe 1-4 \u00a0 \u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u5173\u7cfb

    \u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u7b97\u6cd5\u72b9\u5982\u56fe 1-5 \u6240\u793a\u7684\u62fc\u88c5\u79ef\u6728\u3002\u4e00\u5957\u79ef\u6728\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u5305\u542b\u8bb8\u591a\u96f6\u4ef6\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u9644\u6709\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u7ec4\u88c5\u8bf4\u660e\u4e66\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u6309\u7167\u8bf4\u660e\u4e66\u4e00\u6b65\u6b65\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u7ec4\u88c5\u51fa\u7cbe\u7f8e\u7684\u79ef\u6728\u6a21\u578b\u3002

    \u56fe 1-5 \u00a0 \u62fc\u88c5\u79ef\u6728

    \u4e24\u8005\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u5bf9\u5e94\u5173\u7cfb\u5982\u8868 1-1 \u6240\u793a\u3002

    \u8868 1-1 \u00a0 \u5c06\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u7b97\u6cd5\u7c7b\u6bd4\u4e3a\u62fc\u88c5\u79ef\u6728

    \u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u7b97\u6cd5 \u62fc\u88c5\u79ef\u6728 \u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e \u672a\u62fc\u88c5\u7684\u79ef\u6728 \u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784 \u79ef\u6728\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5f62\u72b6\u3001\u5927\u5c0f\u3001\u8fde\u63a5\u65b9\u5f0f\u7b49 \u7b97\u6cd5 \u628a\u79ef\u6728\u62fc\u6210\u76ee\u6807\u5f62\u6001\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u64cd\u4f5c\u6b65\u9aa4 \u8f93\u51fa\u6570\u636e \u79ef\u6728\u6a21\u578b

    \u503c\u5f97\u8bf4\u660e\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u7b97\u6cd5\u662f\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8e\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u3002\u6b63\u56e0\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u672c\u4e66\u5f97\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u57fa\u4e8e\u591a\u79cd\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002

    \u7ea6\u5b9a\u4fd7\u6210\u7684\u7b80\u79f0

    \u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u8ba8\u8bba\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u5c06\u201c\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u7b97\u6cd5\u201d\u7b80\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u7b97\u6cd5\u201d\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u4f17\u6240\u5468\u77e5\u7684 LeetCode \u7b97\u6cd5\u9898\u76ee\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u540c\u65f6\u8003\u67e5\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e24\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_preface/","title":"\u7b2c 0 \u7ae0 \u00a0 \u524d\u8a00","text":"

    Abstract

    \u7b97\u6cd5\u72b9\u5982\u7f8e\u5999\u7684\u4ea4\u54cd\u4e50\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u884c\u4ee3\u7801\u90fd\u50cf\u97f5\u5f8b\u822c\u6d41\u6dcc\u3002

    \u613f\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u5728\u4f60\u7684\u8111\u6d77\u4e2d\u8f7b\u8f7b\u54cd\u8d77\uff0c\u7559\u4e0b\u72ec\u7279\u800c\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u65cb\u5f8b\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_preface/#_1","title":"\u672c\u7ae0\u5185\u5bb9","text":"
    • 0.1 \u00a0 \u5173\u4e8e\u672c\u4e66
    • 0.2 \u00a0 \u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u672c\u4e66
    • 0.3 \u00a0 \u5c0f\u7ed3
    "},{"location":"chapter_preface/about_the_book/","title":"0.1 \u00a0 \u5173\u4e8e\u672c\u4e66","text":"

    \u672c\u9879\u76ee\u65e8\u5728\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u672c\u5f00\u6e90\u3001\u514d\u8d39\u3001\u5bf9\u65b0\u624b\u53cb\u597d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u7b97\u6cd5\u5165\u95e8\u6559\u7a0b\u3002

    • \u5168\u4e66\u91c7\u7528\u52a8\u753b\u56fe\u89e3\uff0c\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u5730\u8bb2\u89e3\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u7b97\u6cd5\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u5185\u5bb9\u6e05\u6670\u6613\u61c2\uff0c\u5b66\u4e60\u66f2\u7ebf\u5e73\u6ed1\u3002
    • \u7b97\u6cd5\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u7686\u53ef\u4e00\u952e\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u652f\u6301 Python\u3001C++\u3001Java\u3001C#\u3001Go\u3001Swift\u3001JavaScript\u3001TypeScript\u3001Dart\u3001Rust\u3001C \u548c Zig \u7b49\u8bed\u8a00\u3002
    • \u9f13\u52b1\u8bfb\u8005\u5728\u7ebf\u4e0a\u7ae0\u8282\u8bc4\u8bba\u533a\u4e92\u5e2e\u4e92\u52a9\u3001\u5171\u540c\u8fdb\u6b65\uff0c\u63d0\u95ee\u4e0e\u8bc4\u8bba\u901a\u5e38\u53ef\u5728\u4e24\u65e5\u5185\u5f97\u5230\u56de\u590d\u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_preface/about_the_book/#011","title":"0.1.1 \u00a0 \u8bfb\u8005\u5bf9\u8c61","text":"

    \u82e5\u4f60\u662f\u7b97\u6cd5\u521d\u5b66\u8005\uff0c\u4ece\u672a\u63a5\u89e6\u8fc7\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u5237\u9898\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u7b97\u6cd5\u6709\u6a21\u7cca\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\uff0c\u5728\u4f1a\u4e0e\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4e4b\u95f4\u53cd\u590d\u6a2a\u8df3\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u672c\u4e66\u6b63\u662f\u4e3a\u4f60\u91cf\u8eab\u5b9a\u5236\u7684\uff01

    \u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5df2\u7ecf\u79ef\u7d2f\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u5237\u9898\u91cf\uff0c\u719f\u6089\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u9898\u578b\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u672c\u4e66\u53ef\u52a9\u4f60\u56de\u987e\u4e0e\u68b3\u7406\u7b97\u6cd5\u77e5\u8bc6\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u4ed3\u5e93\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f53\u4f5c\u201c\u5237\u9898\u5de5\u5177\u5e93\u201d\u6216\u201c\u7b97\u6cd5\u5b57\u5178\u201d\u6765\u4f7f\u7528\u3002

    \u82e5\u4f60\u662f\u7b97\u6cd5\u201c\u5927\u795e\u201d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u671f\u5f85\u6536\u5230\u4f60\u7684\u5b9d\u8d35\u5efa\u8bae\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4e00\u8d77\u53c2\u4e0e\u521b\u4f5c\u3002

    \u524d\u7f6e\u6761\u4ef6

    \u4f60\u9700\u8981\u81f3\u5c11\u5177\u5907\u4efb\u4e00\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u7f16\u7a0b\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u9605\u8bfb\u548c\u7f16\u5199\u7b80\u5355\u4ee3\u7801\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_preface/about_the_book/#012","title":"0.1.2 \u00a0 \u5185\u5bb9\u7ed3\u6784","text":"

    \u672c\u4e66\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5185\u5bb9\u5982\u56fe 0-1 \u6240\u793a\u3002

    • \u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5206\u6790\uff1a\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u8bc4\u4ef7\u7ef4\u5ea6\u4e0e\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7684\u63a8\u7b97\u65b9\u6cd5\u3001\u5e38\u89c1\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u793a\u4f8b\u7b49\u3002
    • \u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a\u57fa\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u5206\u7c7b\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u94fe\u8868\u3001\u6808\u3001\u961f\u5217\u3001\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u3001\u6811\u3001\u5806\u3001\u56fe\u7b49\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u3001\u4f18\u7f3a\u70b9\u3001\u5e38\u7528\u64cd\u4f5c\u3001\u5e38\u89c1\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u5178\u578b\u5e94\u7528\u3001\u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u6cd5\u7b49\u3002
    • \u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u641c\u7d22\u3001\u6392\u5e8f\u3001\u5206\u6cbb\u3001\u56de\u6eaf\u3001\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u3001\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b49\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u3001\u4f18\u7f3a\u70b9\u3001\u6548\u7387\u3001\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\u3001\u89e3\u9898\u6b65\u9aa4\u548c\u793a\u4f8b\u95ee\u9898\u7b49\u3002

    \u56fe 0-1 \u00a0 \u672c\u4e66\u4e3b\u8981\u5185\u5bb9

    "},{"location":"chapter_preface/about_the_book/#013","title":"0.1.3 \u00a0 \u81f4\u8c22","text":"

    \u672c\u4e66\u5728\u5f00\u6e90\u793e\u533a\u4f17\u591a\u8d21\u732e\u8005\u7684\u5171\u540c\u52aa\u529b\u4e0b\u4e0d\u65ad\u5b8c\u5584\u3002\u611f\u8c22\u6bcf\u4e00\u4f4d\u6295\u5165\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0e\u7cbe\u529b\u7684\u64b0\u7a3f\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\uff08\u6309\u7167 GitHub \u81ea\u52a8\u751f\u6210\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\uff09\uff1akrahets\u3001codingonion\u3001nuomi1\u3001Gonglja\u3001Reanon\u3001justin-tse\u3001danielsss\u3001hpstory\u3001S-N-O-R-L-A-X\u3001night-cruise\u3001msk397\u3001gvenusleo\u3001RiverTwilight\u3001gyt95\u3001zhuoqinyue\u3001Zuoxun\u3001Xia-Sang\u3001mingXta\u3001FangYuan33\u3001GN-Yu\u3001IsChristina\u3001xBLACKICEx\u3001guowei-gong\u3001Cathay-Chen\u3001mgisr\u3001JoseHung\u3001qualifier1024\u3001pengchzn\u3001Guanngxu\u3001longsizhuo\u3001L-Super\u3001what-is-me\u3001yuan0221\u3001lhxsm\u3001Slone123c\u3001WSL0809\u3001longranger2\u3001theNefelibatas\u3001xiongsp\u3001JeffersonHuang\u3001hongyun-robot\u3001K3v123\u3001yuelinxin\u3001a16su\u3001gaofer\u3001malone6\u3001Wonderdch\u3001xjr7670\u3001DullSword\u3001Horbin-Magician\u3001NI-SW\u3001reeswell\u3001XC-Zero\u3001XiaChuerwu\u3001yd-j\u3001iron-irax\u3001huawuque404\u3001MolDuM\u3001Nigh\u3001KorsChen\u3001foursevenlove\u300152coder\u3001bubble9um\u3001youshaoXG\u3001curly210102\u3001gltianwen\u3001fanchenggang\u3001Transmigration-zhou\u3001FloranceYeh\u3001FreddieLi\u3001ShiMaRing\u3001lipusheng\u3001Javesun99\u3001JackYang-hellobobo\u3001shanghai-Jerry\u30010130w\u3001Keynman\u3001psychelzh\u3001logan-qiu\u3001ZnYang2018\u3001MwumLi\u30011ch0\u3001Phoenix0415\u3001qingpeng9802\u3001Richard-Zhang1019\u3001QiLOL\u3001Suremotoo\u3001Turing-1024-Lee\u3001Evilrabbit520\u3001GaochaoZhu\u3001ZJKung\u3001linzeyan\u3001hezhizhen\u3001ZongYangL\u3001beintentional\u3001czruby\u3001coderlef\u3001dshlstarr\u3001szu17dmy\u3001fbigm\u3001gledfish\u3001hts0000\u3001boloboloda\u3001iStig\u3001jiaxianhua\u3001wenjianmin\u3001keshida\u3001kilikilikid\u3001lclc6\u3001lwbaptx\u3001liuxjerry\u3001lucaswangdev\u3001lyl625760\u3001chadyi\u3001noobcodemaker\u3001selear\u3001siqyka\u3001syd168\u30014yDX3906\u3001tao363\u3001wangwang105\u3001weibk\u3001yabo083\u3001yi427\u3001yishangzhang\u3001zhouLion\u3001baagod\u3001ElaBosak233\u3001xb534\u3001luluxia\u3001yanedie\u3001thomasq0 \u548c YangXuanyi\u3002

    \u672c\u4e66\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u5ba1\u9605\u5de5\u4f5c\u7531 codingonion, Gonglja\u3001gvenusleo\u3001hpstory\u3001justin\u2010tse\u3001krahets\u3001night-cruise\u3001nuomi1 \u548c Reanon \u5b8c\u6210\uff08\u6309\u7167\u9996\u5b57\u6bcd\u987a\u5e8f\u6392\u5217\uff09\u3002\u611f\u8c22\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ed8\u51fa\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0e\u7cbe\u529b\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u786e\u4fdd\u4e86\u5404\u8bed\u8a00\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u89c4\u8303\u4e0e\u7edf\u4e00\u3002

    \u5728\u672c\u4e66\u7684\u521b\u4f5c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002

    • \u611f\u8c22\u6211\u5728\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u5bfc\u5e08\u674e\u6c50\u535a\u58eb\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u6b21\u7545\u8c08\u4e2d\u4f60\u9f13\u52b1\u6211\u201c\u5feb\u884c\u52a8\u8d77\u6765\u201d\uff0c\u575a\u5b9a\u4e86\u6211\u5199\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u7684\u51b3\u5fc3\uff1b
    • \u611f\u8c22\u6211\u7684\u5973\u670b\u53cb\u6ce1\u6ce1\u4f5c\u4e3a\u672c\u4e66\u7684\u9996\u4f4d\u8bfb\u8005\uff0c\u4ece\u7b97\u6cd5\u5c0f\u767d\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u63d0\u51fa\u8bb8\u591a\u5b9d\u8d35\u5efa\u8bae\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u672c\u4e66\u66f4\u9002\u5408\u65b0\u624b\u9605\u8bfb\uff1b
    • \u611f\u8c22\u817e\u5b9d\u3001\u7426\u5b9d\u3001\u98de\u5b9d\u4e3a\u672c\u4e66\u8d77\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bcc\u6709\u521b\u610f\u7684\u540d\u5b57\uff0c\u5524\u8d77\u5927\u5bb6\u5199\u4e0b\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u4ee3\u7801 \"Hello World!\" \u7684\u7f8e\u597d\u56de\u5fc6\uff1b
    • \u611f\u8c22\u6821\u94e8\u5728\u77e5\u8bc6\u4ea7\u6743\u65b9\u9762\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u4e13\u4e1a\u5e2e\u52a9\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bf9\u672c\u5f00\u6e90\u4e66\u7684\u5b8c\u5584\u8d77\u5230\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\uff1b
    • \u611f\u8c22\u82cf\u6f7c\u4e3a\u672c\u4e66\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e86\u7cbe\u7f8e\u7684\u5c01\u9762\u548c logo \uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u6211\u7684\u5f3a\u8feb\u75c7\u7684\u9a71\u4f7f\u4e0b\u591a\u6b21\u8010\u5fc3\u4fee\u6539\uff1b
    • \u611f\u8c22 @squidfunk \u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u6392\u7248\u5efa\u8bae\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ed6\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u5f00\u6e90\u6587\u6863\u4e3b\u9898 Material-for-MkDocs \u3002

    \u5728\u5199\u4f5c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u9605\u8bfb\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u5173\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u6559\u6750\u548c\u6587\u7ae0\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e3a\u672c\u4e66\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4f18\u79c0\u7684\u8303\u672c\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u4e86\u672c\u4e66\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u6027\u4e0e\u54c1\u8d28\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u611f\u8c22\u6240\u6709\u8001\u5e08\u548c\u524d\u8f88\u4eec\u7684\u6770\u51fa\u8d21\u732e\uff01

    \u672c\u4e66\u5021\u5bfc\u624b\u8111\u5e76\u7528\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u4e0a\u6211\u6df1\u53d7\u300a\u52a8\u624b\u5b66\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u300b\u7684\u542f\u53d1\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u5411\u5404\u4f4d\u8bfb\u8005\u5f3a\u70c8\u63a8\u8350\u8fd9\u672c\u4f18\u79c0\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u3002

    \u8877\u5fc3\u611f\u8c22\u6211\u7684\u7236\u6bcd\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u4f60\u4eec\u4e00\u76f4\u4ee5\u6765\u7684\u652f\u6301\u4e0e\u9f13\u52b1\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\u505a\u8fd9\u4ef6\u5bcc\u6709\u8da3\u5473\u7684\u4e8b\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_preface/suggestions/","title":"0.2 \u00a0 \u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u672c\u4e66","text":"

    Tip

    \u4e3a\u4e86\u83b7\u5f97\u6700\u4f73\u7684\u9605\u8bfb\u4f53\u9a8c\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u4f60\u901a\u8bfb\u672c\u8282\u5185\u5bb9\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_preface/suggestions/#021","title":"0.2.1 \u00a0 \u884c\u6587\u98ce\u683c\u7ea6\u5b9a","text":"
    • \u6807\u9898\u540e\u6807\u6ce8 * \u7684\u662f\u9009\u8bfb\u7ae0\u8282\uff0c\u5185\u5bb9\u76f8\u5bf9\u56f0\u96be\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5148\u8df3\u8fc7\u3002
    • \u91cd\u8981\u4e13\u6709\u540d\u8bcd\u53ca\u5176\u82f1\u6587\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4f1a\u7528 \u300c \u300d \u62ec\u53f7\u6807\u6ce8\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 \u300c\u6570\u7ec4 array\u300d \u3002\u5efa\u8bae\u8bb0\u4f4f\u5b83\u4eec\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u9605\u8bfb\u6587\u732e\u3002
    • \u4e13\u6709\u540d\u8bcd\u548c\u6709\u7279\u6307\u542b\u4e49\u7684\u8bcd\u53e5\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528 \u201c\u5f15\u53f7\u201d \u6807\u6ce8\uff0c\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u6b67\u4e49\u3002
    • \u91cd\u8981\u540d\u8bcd\u3001\u91cd\u70b9\u5185\u5bb9\u548c\u603b\u7ed3\u6027\u8bed\u53e5\u4f1a \u52a0\u7c97 \uff0c\u8fd9\u7c7b\u6587\u5b57\u503c\u5f97\u7279\u522b\u5173\u6ce8\u3002
    • \u5f53\u6d89\u53ca\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\u65f6\uff0c\u672c\u4e66\u5747\u4ee5 Python \u4e3a\u51c6\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4f7f\u7528 None \u6765\u8868\u793a\u201c\u7a7a\u201d\u3002
    • \u672c\u4e66\u90e8\u5206\u653e\u5f03\u4e86\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u6ce8\u91ca\u89c4\u8303\uff0c\u4ee5\u6362\u53d6\u66f4\u52a0\u7d27\u51d1\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u6392\u7248\u3002\u6ce8\u91ca\u4e3b\u8981\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\uff1a\u6807\u9898\u6ce8\u91ca\u3001\u5185\u5bb9\u6ce8\u91ca\u3001\u591a\u884c\u6ce8\u91ca\u3002
    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig 
    \"\"\"\u6807\u9898\u6ce8\u91ca\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6807\u6ce8\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u7c7b\u3001\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6837\u4f8b\u7b49\"\"\"\n\n# \u5185\u5bb9\u6ce8\u91ca\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8be6\u89e3\u4ee3\u7801\n\n\"\"\"\n\u591a\u884c\n\u6ce8\u91ca\n\"\"\"\n
    /* \u6807\u9898\u6ce8\u91ca\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6807\u6ce8\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u7c7b\u3001\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6837\u4f8b\u7b49 */\n\n// \u5185\u5bb9\u6ce8\u91ca\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8be6\u89e3\u4ee3\u7801\n\n/**\n * \u591a\u884c\n * \u6ce8\u91ca\n */\n
    /* \u6807\u9898\u6ce8\u91ca\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6807\u6ce8\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u7c7b\u3001\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6837\u4f8b\u7b49 */\n\n// \u5185\u5bb9\u6ce8\u91ca\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8be6\u89e3\u4ee3\u7801\n\n/**\n * \u591a\u884c\n * \u6ce8\u91ca\n */\n
    /* \u6807\u9898\u6ce8\u91ca\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6807\u6ce8\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u7c7b\u3001\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6837\u4f8b\u7b49 */\n\n// \u5185\u5bb9\u6ce8\u91ca\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8be6\u89e3\u4ee3\u7801\n\n/**\n * \u591a\u884c\n * \u6ce8\u91ca\n */\n
    /* \u6807\u9898\u6ce8\u91ca\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6807\u6ce8\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u7c7b\u3001\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6837\u4f8b\u7b49 */\n\n// \u5185\u5bb9\u6ce8\u91ca\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8be6\u89e3\u4ee3\u7801\n\n/**\n * \u591a\u884c\n * \u6ce8\u91ca\n */\n
    /* \u6807\u9898\u6ce8\u91ca\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6807\u6ce8\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u7c7b\u3001\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6837\u4f8b\u7b49 */\n\n// \u5185\u5bb9\u6ce8\u91ca\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8be6\u89e3\u4ee3\u7801\n\n/**\n * \u591a\u884c\n * \u6ce8\u91ca\n */\n
    /* \u6807\u9898\u6ce8\u91ca\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6807\u6ce8\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u7c7b\u3001\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6837\u4f8b\u7b49 */\n\n// \u5185\u5bb9\u6ce8\u91ca\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8be6\u89e3\u4ee3\u7801\n\n/**\n * \u591a\u884c\n * \u6ce8\u91ca\n */\n
    /* \u6807\u9898\u6ce8\u91ca\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6807\u6ce8\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u7c7b\u3001\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6837\u4f8b\u7b49 */\n\n// \u5185\u5bb9\u6ce8\u91ca\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8be6\u89e3\u4ee3\u7801\n\n/**\n * \u591a\u884c\n * \u6ce8\u91ca\n */\n
    /* \u6807\u9898\u6ce8\u91ca\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6807\u6ce8\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u7c7b\u3001\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6837\u4f8b\u7b49 */\n\n// \u5185\u5bb9\u6ce8\u91ca\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8be6\u89e3\u4ee3\u7801\n\n/**\n * \u591a\u884c\n * \u6ce8\u91ca\n */\n
    /* \u6807\u9898\u6ce8\u91ca\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6807\u6ce8\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u7c7b\u3001\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6837\u4f8b\u7b49 */\n\n// \u5185\u5bb9\u6ce8\u91ca\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8be6\u89e3\u4ee3\u7801\n\n/**\n * \u591a\u884c\n * \u6ce8\u91ca\n */\n
    /* \u6807\u9898\u6ce8\u91ca\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6807\u6ce8\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u7c7b\u3001\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6837\u4f8b\u7b49 */\n\n// \u5185\u5bb9\u6ce8\u91ca\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8be6\u89e3\u4ee3\u7801\n\n/**\n * \u591a\u884c\n * \u6ce8\u91ca\n */\n
    // \u6807\u9898\u6ce8\u91ca\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6807\u6ce8\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u7c7b\u3001\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6837\u4f8b\u7b49\n\n// \u5185\u5bb9\u6ce8\u91ca\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8be6\u89e3\u4ee3\u7801\n\n// \u591a\u884c\n// \u6ce8\u91ca\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_preface/suggestions/#022","title":"0.2.2 \u00a0 \u5728\u52a8\u753b\u56fe\u89e3\u4e2d\u9ad8\u6548\u5b66\u4e60","text":"

    \u76f8\u8f83\u4e8e\u6587\u5b57\uff0c\u89c6\u9891\u548c\u56fe\u7247\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u5bc6\u5ea6\u548c\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u66f4\u6613\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u5728\u672c\u4e66\u4e2d\uff0c\u91cd\u70b9\u548c\u96be\u70b9\u77e5\u8bc6\u5c06\u4e3b\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u52a8\u753b\u4ee5\u56fe\u89e3\u5f62\u5f0f\u5c55\u793a\uff0c\u800c\u6587\u5b57\u5219\u4f5c\u4e3a\u89e3\u91ca\u4e0e\u8865\u5145\u3002

    \u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5728\u9605\u8bfb\u672c\u4e66\u65f6\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u67d0\u6bb5\u5185\u5bb9\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5982\u56fe 0-2 \u6240\u793a\u7684\u52a8\u753b\u6216\u56fe\u89e3\uff0c\u8bf7\u4ee5\u56fe\u4e3a\u4e3b\u3001\u4ee5\u6587\u5b57\u4e3a\u8f85\uff0c\u7efc\u5408\u4e24\u8005\u6765\u7406\u89e3\u5185\u5bb9\u3002

    \u56fe 0-2 \u00a0 \u52a8\u753b\u56fe\u89e3\u793a\u4f8b

    "},{"location":"chapter_preface/suggestions/#023","title":"0.2.3 \u00a0 \u5728\u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u52a0\u6df1\u7406\u89e3","text":"

    \u672c\u4e66\u7684\u914d\u5957\u4ee3\u7801\u6258\u7ba1\u5728 GitHub \u4ed3\u5e93\u3002\u5982\u56fe 0-3 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u9644\u6709\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6837\u4f8b\uff0c\u53ef\u4e00\u952e\u8fd0\u884c\u3002

    \u5982\u679c\u65f6\u95f4\u5141\u8bb8\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u4f60\u53c2\u7167\u4ee3\u7801\u81ea\u884c\u6572\u4e00\u904d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5b66\u4e60\u65f6\u95f4\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u8bf7\u81f3\u5c11\u901a\u8bfb\u5e76\u8fd0\u884c\u6240\u6709\u4ee3\u7801\u3002

    \u4e0e\u9605\u8bfb\u4ee3\u7801\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u7f16\u5199\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5f80\u5f80\u80fd\u5e26\u6765\u66f4\u591a\u6536\u83b7\u3002\u52a8\u624b\u5b66\uff0c\u624d\u662f\u771f\u7684\u5b66\u3002

    \u56fe 0-3 \u00a0 \u8fd0\u884c\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b

    \u8fd0\u884c\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u524d\u7f6e\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e3b\u8981\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u6b65\u3002

    \u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\uff1a\u5b89\u88c5\u672c\u5730\u7f16\u7a0b\u73af\u5883\u3002\u8bf7\u53c2\u7167\u9644\u5f55\u6240\u793a\u7684\u6559\u7a0b\u8fdb\u884c\u5b89\u88c5\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5df2\u5b89\u88c5\uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u8df3\u8fc7\u6b64\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002

    \u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b65\uff1a\u514b\u9686\u6216\u4e0b\u8f7d\u4ee3\u7801\u4ed3\u5e93\u3002\u524d\u5f80 GitHub \u4ed3\u5e93\u3002

    \u5982\u679c\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b89\u88c5 Git \uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u514b\u9686\u672c\u4ed3\u5e93\uff1a

    git clone https://github.com/krahets/hello-algo.git\n

    \u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u4f60\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u56fe 0-4 \u6240\u793a\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u70b9\u51fb\u201cDownload ZIP\u201d\u6309\u94ae\u76f4\u63a5\u4e0b\u8f7d\u4ee3\u7801\u538b\u7f29\u5305\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5728\u672c\u5730\u89e3\u538b\u5373\u53ef\u3002

    \u56fe 0-4 \u00a0 \u514b\u9686\u4ed3\u5e93\u4e0e\u4e0b\u8f7d\u4ee3\u7801

    \u7b2c\u4e09\u6b65\uff1a\u8fd0\u884c\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u3002\u5982\u56fe 0-5 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9876\u90e8\u6807\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u79f0\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u5757\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4ed3\u5e93\u7684 codes \u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u5185\u627e\u5230\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u6587\u4ef6\u53ef\u4e00\u952e\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u5c06\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f60\u8282\u7701\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u8c03\u8bd5\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u8ba9\u4f60\u80fd\u591f\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u5b66\u4e60\u5185\u5bb9\u3002

    \u56fe 0-5 \u00a0 \u4ee3\u7801\u5757\u4e0e\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u6587\u4ef6

    "},{"location":"chapter_preface/suggestions/#024","title":"0.2.4 \u00a0 \u5728\u63d0\u95ee\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e2d\u5171\u540c\u6210\u957f","text":"

    \u5728\u9605\u8bfb\u672c\u4e66\u65f6\uff0c\u8bf7\u4e0d\u8981\u8f7b\u6613\u8df3\u8fc7\u90a3\u4e9b\u6ca1\u5b66\u660e\u767d\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\u3002\u6b22\u8fce\u5728\u8bc4\u8bba\u533a\u63d0\u51fa\u4f60\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6211\u548c\u5c0f\u4f19\u4f34\u4eec\u5c06\u7aed\u8bda\u4e3a\u4f60\u89e3\u7b54\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u53ef\u5728\u4e24\u5929\u5185\u56de\u590d\u3002

    \u5982\u56fe 0-6 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u7f51\u9875\u7248\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ae0\u8282\u7684\u5e95\u90e8\u90fd\u914d\u6709\u8bc4\u8bba\u533a\u3002\u5e0c\u671b\u4f60\u80fd\u591a\u5173\u6ce8\u8bc4\u8bba\u533a\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e86\u89e3\u5927\u5bb6\u9047\u5230\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u67e5\u6f0f\u8865\u7f3a\uff0c\u6fc0\u53d1\u66f4\u6df1\u5165\u7684\u601d\u8003\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u671f\u5f85\u4f60\u80fd\u6177\u6168\u5730\u56de\u7b54\u5176\u4ed6\u5c0f\u4f19\u4f34\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5206\u4eab\u4f60\u7684\u89c1\u89e3\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u4ed6\u4eba\u8fdb\u6b65\u3002

    \u56fe 0-6 \u00a0 \u8bc4\u8bba\u533a\u793a\u4f8b

    "},{"location":"chapter_preface/suggestions/#025","title":"0.2.5 \u00a0 \u7b97\u6cd5\u5b66\u4e60\u8def\u7ebf","text":"

    \u4ece\u603b\u4f53\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u5b66\u4e60\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\u3002

    1. \u9636\u6bb5\u4e00\uff1a\u7b97\u6cd5\u5165\u95e8\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u719f\u6089\u5404\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u548c\u7528\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b66\u4e60\u4e0d\u540c\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u539f\u7406\u3001\u6d41\u7a0b\u3001\u7528\u9014\u548c\u6548\u7387\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002
    2. \u9636\u6bb5\u4e8c\uff1a\u5237\u7b97\u6cd5\u9898\u3002\u5efa\u8bae\u4ece\u70ed\u95e8\u9898\u76ee\u5f00\u5237\uff0c\u5982\u201c\u5251\u6307 Offer\u201d\u548c\u201cLeetCode Hot 100\u201d\uff0c\u5148\u79ef\u7d2f\u81f3\u5c11 100 \u9053\u9898\u76ee\uff0c\u719f\u6089\u4e3b\u6d41\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u521d\u6b21\u5237\u9898\u65f6\uff0c\u201c\u77e5\u8bc6\u9057\u5fd8\u201d\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u4f46\u8bf7\u653e\u5fc3\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u5f88\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309\u7167\u201c\u827e\u5bbe\u6d69\u65af\u9057\u5fd8\u66f2\u7ebf\u201d\u6765\u590d\u4e60\u9898\u76ee\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u5728\u8fdb\u884c 3\uff5e5 \u8f6e\u7684\u91cd\u590d\u540e\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u5c06\u5176\u7262\u8bb0\u5728\u5fc3\u3002
    3. \u9636\u6bb5\u4e09\uff1a\u642d\u5efa\u77e5\u8bc6\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002\u5728\u5b66\u4e60\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u9605\u8bfb\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e13\u680f\u6587\u7ae0\u3001\u89e3\u9898\u6846\u67b6\u548c\u7b97\u6cd5\u6559\u6750\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0d\u65ad\u4e30\u5bcc\u77e5\u8bc6\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002\u5728\u5237\u9898\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c1d\u8bd5\u91c7\u7528\u8fdb\u9636\u5237\u9898\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u5982\u6309\u4e13\u9898\u5206\u7c7b\u3001\u4e00\u9898\u591a\u89e3\u3001\u4e00\u89e3\u591a\u9898\u7b49\uff0c\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u5237\u9898\u5fc3\u5f97\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5404\u4e2a\u793e\u533a\u627e\u5230\u3002

    \u5982\u56fe 0-7 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u672c\u4e66\u5185\u5bb9\u4e3b\u8981\u6db5\u76d6\u201c\u9636\u6bb5\u4e00\u201d\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f60\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548\u5730\u5c55\u5f00\u9636\u6bb5\u4e8c\u548c\u9636\u6bb5\u4e09\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u3002

    \u56fe 0-7 \u00a0 \u7b97\u6cd5\u5b66\u4e60\u8def\u7ebf

    "},{"location":"chapter_preface/summary/","title":"0.3 \u00a0 \u5c0f\u7ed3","text":"
    • \u672c\u4e66\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u53d7\u4f17\u662f\u7b97\u6cd5\u521d\u5b66\u8005\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5df2\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u672c\u4e66\u80fd\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f60\u7cfb\u7edf\u56de\u987e\u7b97\u6cd5\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u4e66\u4e2d\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u4e5f\u53ef\u4f5c\u4e3a\u201c\u5237\u9898\u5de5\u5177\u5e93\u201d\u4f7f\u7528\u3002
    • \u4e66\u4e2d\u5185\u5bb9\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u62ec\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5206\u6790\u3001\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e09\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u6db5\u76d6\u4e86\u8be5\u9886\u57df\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u4e3b\u9898\u3002
    • \u5bf9\u4e8e\u7b97\u6cd5\u65b0\u624b\uff0c\u5728\u521d\u5b66\u9636\u6bb5\u9605\u8bfb\u4e00\u672c\u5165\u95e8\u4e66\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c11\u8d70\u8bb8\u591a\u5f2f\u8def\u3002
    • \u4e66\u4e2d\u7684\u52a8\u753b\u56fe\u89e3\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u4ecb\u7ecd\u91cd\u70b9\u548c\u96be\u70b9\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002\u9605\u8bfb\u672c\u4e66\u65f6\uff0c\u5e94\u7ed9\u4e88\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5185\u5bb9\u66f4\u591a\u5173\u6ce8\u3002
    • \u5b9e\u8df5\u4e43\u5b66\u4e60\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e4b\u6700\u4f73\u9014\u5f84\u3002\u5f3a\u70c8\u5efa\u8bae\u8fd0\u884c\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u5e76\u4eb2\u81ea\u6572\u4ee3\u7801\u3002
    • \u672c\u4e66\u7f51\u9875\u7248\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ae0\u8282\u90fd\u8bbe\u6709\u8bc4\u8bba\u533a\uff0c\u6b22\u8fce\u968f\u65f6\u5206\u4eab\u4f60\u7684\u7591\u60d1\u4e0e\u89c1\u89e3\u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_reference/","title":"\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e","text":"

    [1] Thomas H. Cormen, et al. Introduction to Algorithms (3rd Edition).

    [2] Aditya Bhargava. Grokking Algorithms: An Illustrated Guide for Programmers and Other Curious People (1st Edition).

    [3] \u4e25\u851a\u654f. \u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff08C \u8bed\u8a00\u7248\uff09.

    [4] \u9093\u4fca\u8f89. \u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff08C++ \u8bed\u8a00\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e09\u7248\uff09.

    [5] \u9a6c\u514b \u827e\u4f26 \u7ef4\u65af\u8457\uff0c\u9648\u8d8a\u8bd1. \u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u7b97\u6cd5\u5206\u6790\uff1aJava\u8bed\u8a00\u63cf\u8ff0\uff08\u7b2c\u4e09\u7248\uff09.

    [6] \u7a0b\u6770. \u5927\u8bdd\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784.

    [7] \u738b\u4e89. \u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e4b\u7f8e.

    [8] Gayle Laakmann McDowell. Cracking the Coding Interview: 189 Programming Questions and Solutions (6th Edition).

    [9] Aston Zhang, et al. Dive into Deep Learning.

    "},{"location":"chapter_searching/","title":"\u7b2c 10 \u7ae0 \u00a0 \u641c\u7d22","text":"

    Abstract

    \u641c\u7d22\u662f\u4e00\u573a\u672a\u77e5\u7684\u5192\u9669\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6216\u8bb8\u9700\u8981\u8d70\u904d\u795e\u79d8\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u89d2\u843d\uff0c\u53c8\u6216\u8bb8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5feb\u901f\u9501\u5b9a\u76ee\u6807\u3002

    \u5728\u8fd9\u573a\u5bfb\u89c5\u4e4b\u65c5\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u63a2\u7d22\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u672a\u66fe\u6599\u60f3\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_searching/#_1","title":"\u672c\u7ae0\u5185\u5bb9","text":"
    • 10.1 \u00a0 \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e
    • 10.2 \u00a0 \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u70b9
    • 10.3 \u00a0 \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u8fb9\u754c
    • 10.4 \u00a0 \u54c8\u5e0c\u4f18\u5316\u7b56\u7565
    • 10.5 \u00a0 \u91cd\u8bc6\u641c\u7d22\u7b97\u6cd5
    • 10.6 \u00a0 \u5c0f\u7ed3
    "},{"location":"chapter_searching/binary_search/","title":"10.1 \u00a0 \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e","text":"

    \u300c\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e binary search\u300d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u57fa\u4e8e\u5206\u6cbb\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u9ad8\u6548\u641c\u7d22\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002\u5b83\u5229\u7528\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6709\u5e8f\u6027\uff0c\u6bcf\u8f6e\u7f29\u5c0f\u4e00\u534a\u641c\u7d22\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\u6216\u641c\u7d22\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u4e3a\u6b62\u3002

    Question

    \u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(n\\) \u7684\u6570\u7ec4 nums \uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u6309\u4ece\u5c0f\u5230\u5927\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u6392\u5217\u4e14\u4e0d\u91cd\u590d\u3002\u8bf7\u67e5\u627e\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u5143\u7d20 target \u5728\u8be5\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u3002\u82e5\u6570\u7ec4\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u8be5\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de \\(-1\\) \u3002\u793a\u4f8b\u5982\u56fe 10-1 \u6240\u793a\u3002

    \u56fe 10-1 \u00a0 \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u793a\u4f8b\u6570\u636e

    \u5982\u56fe 10-2 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5148\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6307\u9488 \\(i = 0\\) \u548c \\(j = n - 1\\) \uff0c\u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u548c\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u641c\u7d22\u533a\u95f4 \\([0, n - 1]\\) \u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u4e2d\u62ec\u53f7\u8868\u793a\u95ed\u533a\u95f4\uff0c\u5176\u5305\u542b\u8fb9\u754c\u503c\u672c\u8eab\u3002

    \u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u5faa\u73af\u6267\u884c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e24\u6b65\u3002

    1. \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 \\(m = \\lfloor {(i + j) / 2} \\rfloor\\) \uff0c\u5176\u4e2d \\(\\lfloor \\: \\rfloor\\) \u8868\u793a\u5411\u4e0b\u53d6\u6574\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002
    2. \u5224\u65ad nums[m] \u548c target \u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5206\u4e3a\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e09\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u3002
      1. \u5f53 nums[m] < target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 \\([m + 1, j]\\) \u4e2d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6267\u884c \\(i = m + 1\\) \u3002
      2. \u5f53 nums[m] > target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 \\([i, m - 1]\\) \u4e2d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6267\u884c \\(j = m - 1\\) \u3002
      3. \u5f53 nums[m] = target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8fd4\u56de\u7d22\u5f15 \\(m\\) \u3002

    \u82e5\u6570\u7ec4\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u641c\u7d22\u533a\u95f4\u6700\u7ec8\u4f1a\u7f29\u5c0f\u4e3a\u7a7a\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\u8fd4\u56de \\(-1\\) \u3002

    <1><2><3><4><5><6><7>

    \u56fe 10-2 \u00a0 \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u6d41\u7a0b

    \u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e \\(i\\) \u548c \\(j\\) \u90fd\u662f int \u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64 \\(i + j\\) \u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u8d85\u51fa int \u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u53d6\u503c\u8303\u56f4\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u5927\u6570\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u91c7\u7528\u516c\u5f0f \\(m = \\lfloor {i + (j - i) / 2} \\rfloor\\) \u6765\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u3002

    \u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig binary_search.py
    def binary_search(nums: list[int], target: int) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff08\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4\uff09\"\"\"\n    # \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4 [0, n-1] \uff0c\u5373 i, j \u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u3001\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\n    i, j = 0, len(nums) - 1\n    # \u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u5f53\u641c\u7d22\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u8df3\u51fa\uff08\u5f53 i > j \u65f6\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff09\n    while i <= j:\n        # \u7406\u8bba\u4e0a Python \u7684\u6570\u5b57\u53ef\u4ee5\u65e0\u9650\u5927\uff08\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5185\u5b58\u5927\u5c0f\uff09\uff0c\u65e0\u987b\u8003\u8651\u5927\u6570\u8d8a\u754c\u95ee\u9898\n        m = (i + j) // 2  # \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\n        if nums[m] < target:\n            i = m + 1  # \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j] \u4e2d\n        elif nums[m] > target:\n            j = m - 1  # \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\n        else:\n            return m  # \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u7d22\u5f15\n    return -1  # \u672a\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\n
    binary_search.cpp
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff08\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4\uff09 */\nint binarySearch(vector<int> &nums, int target) {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4 [0, n-1] \uff0c\u5373 i, j \u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u3001\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\n    int i = 0, j = nums.size() - 1;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u5f53\u641c\u7d22\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u8df3\u51fa\uff08\u5f53 i > j \u65f6\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff09\n    while (i <= j) {\n        int m = i + (j - i) / 2; // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\n        if (nums[m] < target)    // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j] \u4e2d\n            i = m + 1;\n        else if (nums[m] > target) // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\n            j = m - 1;\n        else // \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u7d22\u5f15\n            return m;\n    }\n    // \u672a\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\n    return -1;\n}\n
    binary_search.java
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff08\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4\uff09 */\nint binarySearch(int[] nums, int target) {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4 [0, n-1] \uff0c\u5373 i, j \u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u3001\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\n    int i = 0, j = nums.length - 1;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u5f53\u641c\u7d22\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u8df3\u51fa\uff08\u5f53 i > j \u65f6\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff09\n    while (i <= j) {\n        int m = i + (j - i) / 2; // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\n        if (nums[m] < target) // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j] \u4e2d\n            i = m + 1;\n        else if (nums[m] > target) // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\n            j = m - 1;\n        else // \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u7d22\u5f15\n            return m;\n    }\n    // \u672a\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\n    return -1;\n}\n
    binary_search.cs
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff08\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4\uff09 */\nint BinarySearch(int[] nums, int target) {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4 [0, n-1] \uff0c\u5373 i, j \u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u3001\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\n    int i = 0, j = nums.Length - 1;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u5f53\u641c\u7d22\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u8df3\u51fa\uff08\u5f53 i > j \u65f6\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff09\n    while (i <= j) {\n        int m = i + (j - i) / 2;   // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\n        if (nums[m] < target)      // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j] \u4e2d\n            i = m + 1;\n        else if (nums[m] > target) // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\n            j = m - 1;\n        else                       // \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u7d22\u5f15\n            return m;\n    }\n    // \u672a\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\n    return -1;\n}\n
    binary_search.go
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff08\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4\uff09 */\nfunc binarySearch(nums []int, target int) int {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4 [0, n-1] \uff0c\u5373 i, j \u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u3001\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\n    i, j := 0, len(nums)-1\n    // \u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u5f53\u641c\u7d22\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u8df3\u51fa\uff08\u5f53 i > j \u65f6\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff09\n    for i <= j {\n        m := i + (j-i)/2      // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\n        if nums[m] < target { // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j] \u4e2d\n            i = m + 1\n        } else if nums[m] > target { // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\n            j = m - 1\n        } else { // \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u7d22\u5f15\n            return m\n        }\n    }\n    // \u672a\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\n    return -1\n}\n
    binary_search.swift
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff08\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4\uff09 */\nfunc binarySearch(nums: [Int], target: Int) -> Int {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4 [0, n-1] \uff0c\u5373 i, j \u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u3001\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\n    var i = 0\n    var j = nums.count - 1\n    // \u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u5f53\u641c\u7d22\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u8df3\u51fa\uff08\u5f53 i > j \u65f6\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff09\n    while i <= j {\n        let m = i + (j - i) / 2 // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\n        if nums[m] < target { // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j] \u4e2d\n            i = m + 1\n        } else if nums[m] > target { // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\n            j = m - 1\n        } else { // \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u7d22\u5f15\n            return m\n        }\n    }\n    // \u672a\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\n    return -1\n}\n
    binary_search.js
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff08\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4\uff09 */\nfunction binarySearch(nums, target) {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4 [0, n-1] \uff0c\u5373 i, j \u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u3001\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\n    let i = 0,\n        j = nums.length - 1;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u5f53\u641c\u7d22\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u8df3\u51fa\uff08\u5f53 i > j \u65f6\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff09\n    while (i <= j) {\n        // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m \uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 parseInt() \u5411\u4e0b\u53d6\u6574\n        const m = parseInt(i + (j - i) / 2);\n        if (nums[m] < target)\n            // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j] \u4e2d\n            i = m + 1;\n        else if (nums[m] > target)\n            // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\n            j = m - 1;\n        else return m; // \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u7d22\u5f15\n    }\n    // \u672a\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\n    return -1;\n}\n
    binary_search.ts
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff08\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4\uff09 */\nfunction binarySearch(nums: number[], target: number): number {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4 [0, n-1] \uff0c\u5373 i, j \u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u3001\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\n    let i = 0,\n        j = nums.length - 1;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u5f53\u641c\u7d22\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u8df3\u51fa\uff08\u5f53 i > j \u65f6\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff09\n    while (i <= j) {\n        // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\n        const m = Math.floor(i + (j - i) / 2);\n        if (nums[m] < target) {\n            // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j] \u4e2d\n            i = m + 1;\n        } else if (nums[m] > target) {\n            // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\n            j = m - 1;\n        } else {\n            // \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u7d22\u5f15\n            return m;\n        }\n    }\n    return -1; // \u672a\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\n}\n
    binary_search.dart
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff08\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4\uff09 */\nint binarySearch(List<int> nums, int target) {\n  // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4 [0, n-1] \uff0c\u5373 i, j \u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u3001\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\n  int i = 0, j = nums.length - 1;\n  // \u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u5f53\u641c\u7d22\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u8df3\u51fa\uff08\u5f53 i > j \u65f6\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff09\n  while (i <= j) {\n    int m = i + (j - i) ~/ 2; // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\n    if (nums[m] < target) {\n      // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j] \u4e2d\n      i = m + 1;\n    } else if (nums[m] > target) {\n      // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\n      j = m - 1;\n    } else {\n      // \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u7d22\u5f15\n      return m;\n    }\n  }\n  // \u672a\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\n  return -1;\n}\n
    binary_search.rs
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff08\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4\uff09 */\nfn binary_search(nums: &[i32], target: i32) -> i32 {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4 [0, n-1] \uff0c\u5373 i, j \u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u3001\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\n    let mut i = 0;\n    let mut j = nums.len() as i32 - 1;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u5f53\u641c\u7d22\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u8df3\u51fa\uff08\u5f53 i > j \u65f6\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff09\n    while i <= j {\n        let m = i + (j - i) / 2;      // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\n        if nums[m as usize] < target {         // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j] \u4e2d\n            i = m + 1;\n        } else if nums[m as usize] > target {  // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\n            j = m - 1;\n        } else {                      // \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u7d22\u5f15\n            return m;\n        }                       \n    }\n    // \u672a\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\n    return -1;\n}\n
    binary_search.c
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff08\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4\uff09 */\nint binarySearch(int *nums, int len, int target) {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4 [0, n-1] \uff0c\u5373 i, j \u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u3001\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\n    int i = 0, j = len - 1;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u5f53\u641c\u7d22\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u8df3\u51fa\uff08\u5f53 i > j \u65f6\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff09\n    while (i <= j) {\n        int m = i + (j - i) / 2; // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\n        if (nums[m] < target)    // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j] \u4e2d\n            i = m + 1;\n        else if (nums[m] > target) // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\n            j = m - 1;\n        else // \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u7d22\u5f15\n            return m;\n    }\n    // \u672a\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\n    return -1;\n}\n
    binary_search.zig
    // \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff08\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4\uff09\nfn binarySearch(comptime T: type, nums: std.ArrayList(T), target: T) T {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4 [0, n-1] \uff0c\u5373 i, j \u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u3001\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\n    var i: usize = 0;\n    var j: usize = nums.items.len - 1;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u5f53\u641c\u7d22\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u8df3\u51fa\uff08\u5f53 i > j \u65f6\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff09\n    while (i <= j) {\n        var m = i + (j - i) / 2;                // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\n        if (nums.items[m] < target) {           // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j] \u4e2d\n            i = m + 1;\n        } else if (nums.items[m] > target) {    // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\n            j = m - 1;\n        } else {                                // \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u7d22\u5f15\n            return @intCast(m);\n        }\n    }\n    // \u672a\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\n    return -1;\n}\n

    \u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(\\log n)\\) \uff1a\u5728\u4e8c\u5206\u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\uff0c\u533a\u95f4\u6bcf\u8f6e\u7f29\u5c0f\u4e00\u534a\uff0c\u5faa\u73af\u6b21\u6570\u4e3a \\(\\log_2 n\\) \u3002

    \u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(1)\\) \uff1a\u6307\u9488 \\(i\\) \u548c \\(j\\) \u4f7f\u7528\u5e38\u6570\u5927\u5c0f\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_searching/binary_search/#1011","title":"10.1.1 \u00a0 \u533a\u95f4\u8868\u793a\u65b9\u6cd5","text":"

    \u9664\u4e86\u4e0a\u8ff0\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4\u5916\uff0c\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u533a\u95f4\u8868\u793a\u8fd8\u6709\u201c\u5de6\u95ed\u53f3\u5f00\u201d\u533a\u95f4\uff0c\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a \\([0, n)\\) \uff0c\u5373\u5de6\u8fb9\u754c\u5305\u542b\u81ea\u8eab\uff0c\u53f3\u8fb9\u754c\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u81ea\u8eab\u3002\u5728\u8be5\u8868\u793a\u4e0b\uff0c\u533a\u95f4 \\([i, j)\\) \u5728 \\(i = j\\) \u65f6\u4e3a\u7a7a\u3002

    \u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u57fa\u4e8e\u8be5\u8868\u793a\u5b9e\u73b0\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig binary_search.py
    def binary_search_lcro(nums: list[int], target: int) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff08\u5de6\u95ed\u53f3\u5f00\u533a\u95f4\uff09\"\"\"\n    # \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5de6\u95ed\u53f3\u5f00\u533a\u95f4 [0, n) \uff0c\u5373 i, j \u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u3001\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20+1\n    i, j = 0, len(nums)\n    # \u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u5f53\u641c\u7d22\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u8df3\u51fa\uff08\u5f53 i = j \u65f6\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff09\n    while i < j:\n        m = (i + j) // 2  # \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\n        if nums[m] < target:\n            i = m + 1  # \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j) \u4e2d\n        elif nums[m] > target:\n            j = m  # \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m) \u4e2d\n        else:\n            return m  # \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u7d22\u5f15\n    return -1  # \u672a\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\n
    binary_search.cpp
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff08\u5de6\u95ed\u53f3\u5f00\u533a\u95f4\uff09 */\nint binarySearchLCRO(vector<int> &nums, int target) {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5de6\u95ed\u53f3\u5f00\u533a\u95f4 [0, n) \uff0c\u5373 i, j \u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u3001\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20+1\n    int i = 0, j = nums.size();\n    // \u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u5f53\u641c\u7d22\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u8df3\u51fa\uff08\u5f53 i = j \u65f6\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff09\n    while (i < j) {\n        int m = i + (j - i) / 2; // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\n        if (nums[m] < target)    // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j) \u4e2d\n            i = m + 1;\n        else if (nums[m] > target) // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m) \u4e2d\n            j = m;\n        else // \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u7d22\u5f15\n            return m;\n    }\n    // \u672a\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\n    return -1;\n}\n
    binary_search.java
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff08\u5de6\u95ed\u53f3\u5f00\u533a\u95f4\uff09 */\nint binarySearchLCRO(int[] nums, int target) {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5de6\u95ed\u53f3\u5f00\u533a\u95f4 [0, n) \uff0c\u5373 i, j \u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u3001\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20+1\n    int i = 0, j = nums.length;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u5f53\u641c\u7d22\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u8df3\u51fa\uff08\u5f53 i = j \u65f6\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff09\n    while (i < j) {\n        int m = i + (j - i) / 2; // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\n        if (nums[m] < target) // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j) \u4e2d\n            i = m + 1;\n        else if (nums[m] > target) // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m) \u4e2d\n            j = m;\n        else // \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u7d22\u5f15\n            return m;\n    }\n    // \u672a\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\n    return -1;\n}\n
    binary_search.cs
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff08\u5de6\u95ed\u53f3\u5f00\u533a\u95f4\uff09 */\nint BinarySearchLCRO(int[] nums, int target) {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5de6\u95ed\u53f3\u5f00\u533a\u95f4 [0, n) \uff0c\u5373 i, j \u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u3001\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20+1\n    int i = 0, j = nums.Length;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u5f53\u641c\u7d22\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u8df3\u51fa\uff08\u5f53 i = j \u65f6\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff09\n    while (i < j) {\n        int m = i + (j - i) / 2;   // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\n        if (nums[m] < target)      // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j) \u4e2d\n            i = m + 1;\n        else if (nums[m] > target) // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m) \u4e2d\n            j = m;\n        else                       // \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u7d22\u5f15\n            return m;\n    }\n    // \u672a\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\n    return -1;\n}\n
    binary_search.go
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff08\u5de6\u95ed\u53f3\u5f00\u533a\u95f4\uff09 */\nfunc binarySearchLCRO(nums []int, target int) int {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5de6\u95ed\u53f3\u5f00\u533a\u95f4 [0, n) \uff0c\u5373 i, j \u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u3001\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20+1\n    i, j := 0, len(nums)\n    // \u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u5f53\u641c\u7d22\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u8df3\u51fa\uff08\u5f53 i = j \u65f6\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff09\n    for i < j {\n        m := i + (j-i)/2      // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\n        if nums[m] < target { // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j) \u4e2d\n            i = m + 1\n        } else if nums[m] > target { // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m) \u4e2d\n            j = m\n        } else { // \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u7d22\u5f15\n            return m\n        }\n    }\n    // \u672a\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\n    return -1\n}\n
    binary_search.swift
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff08\u5de6\u95ed\u53f3\u5f00\u533a\u95f4\uff09 */\nfunc binarySearchLCRO(nums: [Int], target: Int) -> Int {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5de6\u95ed\u53f3\u5f00\u533a\u95f4 [0, n) \uff0c\u5373 i, j \u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u3001\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20+1\n    var i = 0\n    var j = nums.count\n    // \u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u5f53\u641c\u7d22\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u8df3\u51fa\uff08\u5f53 i = j \u65f6\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff09\n    while i < j {\n        let m = i + (j - i) / 2 // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\n        if nums[m] < target { // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j) \u4e2d\n            i = m + 1\n        } else if nums[m] > target { // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m) \u4e2d\n            j = m\n        } else { // \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u7d22\u5f15\n            return m\n        }\n    }\n    // \u672a\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\n    return -1\n}\n
    binary_search.js
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff08\u5de6\u95ed\u53f3\u5f00\u533a\u95f4\uff09 */\nfunction binarySearchLCRO(nums, target) {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5de6\u95ed\u53f3\u5f00\u533a\u95f4 [0, n) \uff0c\u5373 i, j \u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u3001\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20+1\n    let i = 0,\n        j = nums.length;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u5f53\u641c\u7d22\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u8df3\u51fa\uff08\u5f53 i = j \u65f6\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff09\n    while (i < j) {\n        // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m \uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 parseInt() \u5411\u4e0b\u53d6\u6574\n        const m = parseInt(i + (j - i) / 2);\n        if (nums[m] < target)\n            // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j) \u4e2d\n            i = m + 1;\n        else if (nums[m] > target)\n            // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m) \u4e2d\n            j = m;\n        // \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u7d22\u5f15\n        else return m;\n    }\n    // \u672a\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\n    return -1;\n}\n
    binary_search.ts
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff08\u5de6\u95ed\u53f3\u5f00\u533a\u95f4\uff09 */\nfunction binarySearchLCRO(nums: number[], target: number): number {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5de6\u95ed\u53f3\u5f00\u533a\u95f4 [0, n) \uff0c\u5373 i, j \u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u3001\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20+1\n    let i = 0,\n        j = nums.length;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u5f53\u641c\u7d22\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u8df3\u51fa\uff08\u5f53 i = j \u65f6\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff09\n    while (i < j) {\n        // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\n        const m = Math.floor(i + (j - i) / 2);\n        if (nums[m] < target) {\n            // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j) \u4e2d\n            i = m + 1;\n        } else if (nums[m] > target) {\n            // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m) \u4e2d\n            j = m;\n        } else {\n            // \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u7d22\u5f15\n            return m;\n        }\n    }\n    return -1; // \u672a\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\n}\n
    binary_search.dart
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff08\u5de6\u95ed\u53f3\u5f00\u533a\u95f4\uff09 */\nint binarySearchLCRO(List<int> nums, int target) {\n  // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5de6\u95ed\u53f3\u5f00\u533a\u95f4 [0, n) \uff0c\u5373 i, j \u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u3001\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20+1\n  int i = 0, j = nums.length;\n  // \u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u5f53\u641c\u7d22\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u8df3\u51fa\uff08\u5f53 i = j \u65f6\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff09\n  while (i < j) {\n    int m = i + (j - i) ~/ 2; // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\n    if (nums[m] < target) {\n      // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j) \u4e2d\n      i = m + 1;\n    } else if (nums[m] > target) {\n      // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m) \u4e2d\n      j = m;\n    } else {\n      // \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u7d22\u5f15\n      return m;\n    }\n  }\n  // \u672a\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\n  return -1;\n}\n
    binary_search.rs
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff08\u5de6\u95ed\u53f3\u5f00\u533a\u95f4\uff09 */\nfn binary_search_lcro(nums: &[i32], target: i32) -> i32 {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5de6\u95ed\u53f3\u5f00\u533a\u95f4 [0, n) \uff0c\u5373 i, j \u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u3001\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20+1\n    let mut i = 0;\n    let mut j = nums.len() as i32;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u5f53\u641c\u7d22\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u8df3\u51fa\uff08\u5f53 i = j \u65f6\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff09\n    while i < j {\n        let m = i + (j - i) / 2;      // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\n        if nums[m as usize] < target {         // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j) \u4e2d\n            i = m + 1;\n        } else if nums[m as usize] > target {  // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m) \u4e2d\n            j = m;\n        } else {                      // \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u7d22\u5f15\n            return m;\n        }                       \n    }\n    // \u672a\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\n    return -1;\n}\n
    binary_search.c
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff08\u5de6\u95ed\u53f3\u5f00\u533a\u95f4\uff09 */\nint binarySearchLCRO(int *nums, int len, int target) {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5de6\u95ed\u53f3\u5f00\u533a\u95f4 [0, n) \uff0c\u5373 i, j \u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u3001\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20+1\n    int i = 0, j = len;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u5f53\u641c\u7d22\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u8df3\u51fa\uff08\u5f53 i = j \u65f6\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff09\n    while (i < j) {\n        int m = i + (j - i) / 2; // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\n        if (nums[m] < target)    // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j) \u4e2d\n            i = m + 1;\n        else if (nums[m] > target) // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m) \u4e2d\n            j = m;\n        else // \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u7d22\u5f15\n            return m;\n    }\n    // \u672a\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\n    return -1;\n}\n
    binary_search.zig
    // \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff08\u5de6\u95ed\u53f3\u5f00\u533a\u95f4\uff09\nfn binarySearchLCRO(comptime T: type, nums: std.ArrayList(T), target: T) T {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5de6\u95ed\u53f3\u5f00\u533a\u95f4 [0, n) \uff0c\u5373 i, j \u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u3001\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20+1\n    var i: usize = 0;\n    var j: usize = nums.items.len;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u5f53\u641c\u7d22\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u8df3\u51fa\uff08\u5f53 i = j \u65f6\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff09\n    while (i <= j) {\n        var m = i + (j - i) / 2;                // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\n        if (nums.items[m] < target) {           // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j) \u4e2d\n            i = m + 1;\n        } else if (nums.items[m] > target) {    // \u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m) \u4e2d\n            j = m;\n        } else {                                // \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u7d22\u5f15\n            return @intCast(m);\n        }\n    }\n    // \u672a\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\n    return -1;\n}\n

    \u5982\u56fe 10-3 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5728\u4e24\u79cd\u533a\u95f4\u8868\u793a\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u3001\u5faa\u73af\u6761\u4ef6\u548c\u7f29\u5c0f\u533a\u95f4\u64cd\u4f5c\u7686\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\u3002

    \u7531\u4e8e\u201c\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4\u201d\u8868\u793a\u4e2d\u7684\u5de6\u53f3\u8fb9\u754c\u90fd\u88ab\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u95ed\u533a\u95f4\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u901a\u8fc7\u6307\u9488 \\(i\\) \u548c\u6307\u9488 \\(j\\) \u7f29\u5c0f\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e5f\u662f\u5bf9\u79f0\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u66f4\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u51fa\u9519\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e00\u822c\u5efa\u8bae\u91c7\u7528\u201c\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4\u201d\u7684\u5199\u6cd5\u3002

    \u56fe 10-3 \u00a0 \u4e24\u79cd\u533a\u95f4\u5b9a\u4e49

    "},{"location":"chapter_searching/binary_search/#1012","title":"10.1.2 \u00a0 \u4f18\u70b9\u4e0e\u5c40\u9650\u6027","text":"

    \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u5728\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u65b9\u9762\u90fd\u6709\u8f83\u597d\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u3002

    • \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6548\u7387\u9ad8\u3002\u5728\u5927\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u4e0b\uff0c\u5bf9\u6570\u9636\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5177\u6709\u663e\u8457\u4f18\u52bf\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5f53\u6570\u636e\u5927\u5c0f \\(n = 2^{20}\\) \u65f6\uff0c\u7ebf\u6027\u67e5\u627e\u9700\u8981 \\(2^{20} = 1048576\\) \u8f6e\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u800c\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u4ec5\u9700 \\(\\log_2 2^{20} = 20\\) \u8f6e\u5faa\u73af\u3002
    • \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u65e0\u987b\u989d\u5916\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u76f8\u8f83\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u501f\u52a9\u989d\u5916\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u641c\u7d22\u7b97\u6cd5\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u54c8\u5e0c\u67e5\u627e\uff09\uff0c\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u66f4\u52a0\u8282\u7701\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002

    \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u5e76\u975e\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6240\u6709\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u539f\u56e0\u3002

    • \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u4ec5\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6709\u5e8f\u6570\u636e\u3002\u82e5\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u65e0\u5e8f\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u4f7f\u7528\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u800c\u4e13\u95e8\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u5f97\u4e0d\u507f\u5931\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u901a\u5e38\u4e3a \\(O(n \\log n)\\) \uff0c\u6bd4\u7ebf\u6027\u67e5\u627e\u548c\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u90fd\u66f4\u9ad8\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9891\u7e41\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u4e3a\u4fdd\u6301\u6570\u7ec4\u6709\u5e8f\u6027\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u5143\u7d20\u63d2\u5165\u5230\u7279\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n)\\) \uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u6602\u8d35\u7684\u3002
    • \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u4ec5\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u3002\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u9700\u8981\u8df3\u8dc3\u5f0f\uff08\u975e\u8fde\u7eed\u5730\uff09\u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\u8df3\u8dc3\u5f0f\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u6548\u7387\u8f83\u4f4e\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u9002\u5408\u5e94\u7528\u5728\u94fe\u8868\u6216\u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u3002
    • \u5c0f\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u4e0b\uff0c\u7ebf\u6027\u67e5\u627e\u6027\u80fd\u66f4\u4f73\u3002\u5728\u7ebf\u6027\u67e5\u627e\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u8f6e\u53ea\u9700 1 \u6b21\u5224\u65ad\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1b\u800c\u5728\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u4e2d\uff0c\u9700\u8981 1 \u6b21\u52a0\u6cd5\u30011 \u6b21\u9664\u6cd5\u30011 ~ 3 \u6b21\u5224\u65ad\u64cd\u4f5c\u30011 \u6b21\u52a0\u6cd5\uff08\u51cf\u6cd5\uff09\uff0c\u5171 4 ~ 6 \u4e2a\u5355\u5143\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1b\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5f53\u6570\u636e\u91cf \\(n\\) \u8f83\u5c0f\u65f6\uff0c\u7ebf\u6027\u67e5\u627e\u53cd\u800c\u6bd4\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u66f4\u5feb\u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_searching/binary_search_edge/","title":"10.3 \u00a0 \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u8fb9\u754c","text":""},{"location":"chapter_searching/binary_search_edge/#1031","title":"10.3.1 \u00a0 \u67e5\u627e\u5de6\u8fb9\u754c","text":"

    Question

    \u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(n\\) \u7684\u6709\u5e8f\u6570\u7ec4 nums \uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u542b\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u8bf7\u8fd4\u56de\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u6700\u5de6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20 target \u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u3002\u82e5\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u8be5\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de \\(-1\\) \u3002

    \u56de\u5fc6\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u641c\u7d22\u5b8c\u6210\u540e \\(i\\) \u6307\u5411\u6700\u5de6\u4e00\u4e2a target \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u5728\u67e5\u627e\u6700\u5de6\u4e00\u4e2a target \u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u3002

    \u8003\u8651\u901a\u8fc7\u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u5b9e\u73b0\u67e5\u627e\u5de6\u8fb9\u754c\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u5305\u542b target \uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e24\u79cd\u7ed3\u679c\u3002

    • \u63d2\u5165\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 \\(i\\) \u8d8a\u754c\u3002
    • \u5143\u7d20 nums[i] \u4e0e target \u4e0d\u76f8\u7b49\u3002

    \u5f53\u9047\u5230\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4e24\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u65f6\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de \\(-1\\) \u5373\u53ef\u3002\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig binary_search_edge.py
    def binary_search_left_edge(nums: list[int], target: int) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u6700\u5de6\u4e00\u4e2a target\"\"\"\n    # \u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\u67e5\u627e target \u7684\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\n    i = binary_search_insertion(nums, target)\n    # \u672a\u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\n    if i == len(nums) or nums[i] != target:\n        return -1\n    # \u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u7d22\u5f15 i\n    return i\n
    binary_search_edge.cpp
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u6700\u5de6\u4e00\u4e2a target */\nint binarySearchLeftEdge(vector<int> &nums, int target) {\n    // \u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\u67e5\u627e target \u7684\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\n    int i = binarySearchInsertion(nums, target);\n    // \u672a\u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\n    if (i == nums.size() || nums[i] != target) {\n        return -1;\n    }\n    // \u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u7d22\u5f15 i\n    return i;\n}\n
    binary_search_edge.java
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u6700\u5de6\u4e00\u4e2a target */\nint binarySearchLeftEdge(int[] nums, int target) {\n    // \u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\u67e5\u627e target \u7684\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\n    int i = binary_search_insertion.binarySearchInsertion(nums, target);\n    // \u672a\u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\n    if (i == nums.length || nums[i] != target) {\n        return -1;\n    }\n    // \u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u7d22\u5f15 i\n    return i;\n}\n
    binary_search_edge.cs
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u6700\u5de6\u4e00\u4e2a target */\nint BinarySearchLeftEdge(int[] nums, int target) {\n    // \u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\u67e5\u627e target \u7684\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\n    int i = binary_search_insertion.BinarySearchInsertion(nums, target);\n    // \u672a\u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\n    if (i == nums.Length || nums[i] != target) {\n        return -1;\n    }\n    // \u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u7d22\u5f15 i\n    return i;\n}\n
    binary_search_edge.go
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u6700\u5de6\u4e00\u4e2a target */\nfunc binarySearchLeftEdge(nums []int, target int) int {\n    // \u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\u67e5\u627e target \u7684\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\n    i := binarySearchInsertion(nums, target)\n    // \u672a\u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\n    if i == len(nums) || nums[i] != target {\n        return -1\n    }\n    // \u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u7d22\u5f15 i\n    return i\n}\n
    binary_search_edge.swift
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u6700\u5de6\u4e00\u4e2a target */\nfunc binarySearchLeftEdge(nums: [Int], target: Int) -> Int {\n    // \u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\u67e5\u627e target \u7684\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\n    let i = binarySearchInsertion(nums: nums, target: target)\n    // \u672a\u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\n    if i == nums.count || nums[i] != target {\n        return -1\n    }\n    // \u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u7d22\u5f15 i\n    return i\n}\n
    binary_search_edge.js
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u6700\u5de6\u4e00\u4e2a target */\nfunction binarySearchLeftEdge(nums, target) {\n    // \u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\u67e5\u627e target \u7684\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\n    const i = binarySearchInsertion(nums, target);\n    // \u672a\u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\n    if (i === nums.length || nums[i] !== target) {\n        return -1;\n    }\n    // \u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u7d22\u5f15 i\n    return i;\n}\n
    binary_search_edge.ts
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u6700\u5de6\u4e00\u4e2a target */\nfunction binarySearchLeftEdge(nums: Array<number>, target: number): number {\n    // \u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\u67e5\u627e target \u7684\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\n    const i = binarySearchInsertion(nums, target);\n    // \u672a\u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\n    if (i === nums.length || nums[i] !== target) {\n        return -1;\n    }\n    // \u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u7d22\u5f15 i\n    return i;\n}\n
    binary_search_edge.dart
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u6700\u5de6\u4e00\u4e2a target */\nint binarySearchLeftEdge(List<int> nums, int target) {\n  // \u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\u67e5\u627e target \u7684\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\n  int i = binarySearchInsertion(nums, target);\n  // \u672a\u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\n  if (i == nums.length || nums[i] != target) {\n    return -1;\n  }\n  // \u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u7d22\u5f15 i\n  return i;\n}\n
    binary_search_edge.rs
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u6700\u5de6\u4e00\u4e2a target */\nfn binary_search_left_edge(nums: &[i32], target: i32) -> i32 {\n    // \u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\u67e5\u627e target \u7684\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\n    let i = binary_search_insertion(nums, target);\n    // \u672a\u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\n    if i == nums.len() as i32 || nums[i as usize] != target {\n        return -1;\n    }\n    // \u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u7d22\u5f15 i\n    i\n}\n
    binary_search_edge.c
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u6700\u5de6\u4e00\u4e2a target */\nint binarySearchLeftEdge(int *nums, int numSize, int target) {\n    // \u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\u67e5\u627e target \u7684\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\n    int i = binarySearchInsertion(nums, numSize, target);\n    // \u672a\u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\n    if (i == numSize || nums[i] != target) {\n        return -1;\n    }\n    // \u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u7d22\u5f15 i\n    return i;\n}\n
    binary_search_edge.zig
    [class]{}-[func]{binarySearchLeftEdge}\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_searching/binary_search_edge/#1032","title":"10.3.2 \u00a0 \u67e5\u627e\u53f3\u8fb9\u754c","text":"

    \u90a3\u4e48\u5982\u4f55\u67e5\u627e\u6700\u53f3\u4e00\u4e2a target \u5462\uff1f\u6700\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u4fee\u6539\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u66ff\u6362\u5728 nums[m] == target \u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u7684\u6307\u9488\u6536\u7f29\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u4ee3\u7801\u5728\u6b64\u7701\u7565\uff0c\u6709\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u8bfb\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u884c\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002

    \u4e0b\u9762\u6211\u4eec\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e24\u79cd\u66f4\u52a0\u53d6\u5de7\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_searching/binary_search_edge/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u590d\u7528\u67e5\u627e\u5de6\u8fb9\u754c","text":"

    \u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u67e5\u627e\u6700\u5de6\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u67e5\u627e\u6700\u53f3\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e3a\uff1a\u5c06\u67e5\u627e\u6700\u53f3\u4e00\u4e2a target \u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u67e5\u627e\u6700\u5de6\u4e00\u4e2a target + 1\u3002

    \u5982\u56fe 10-7 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u67e5\u627e\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u6307\u9488 \\(i\\) \u6307\u5411\u6700\u5de6\u4e00\u4e2a target + 1\uff08\u5982\u679c\u5b58\u5728\uff09\uff0c\u800c \\(j\\) \u6307\u5411\u6700\u53f3\u4e00\u4e2a target \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8fd4\u56de \\(j\\) \u5373\u53ef\u3002

    \u56fe 10-7 \u00a0 \u5c06\u67e5\u627e\u53f3\u8fb9\u754c\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u67e5\u627e\u5de6\u8fb9\u754c

    \u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\u662f \\(i\\) \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u5176\u51cf \\(1\\) \uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u83b7\u5f97 \\(j\\) \uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig binary_search_edge.py
    def binary_search_right_edge(nums: list[int], target: int) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u6700\u53f3\u4e00\u4e2a target\"\"\"\n    # \u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u67e5\u627e\u6700\u5de6\u4e00\u4e2a target + 1\n    i = binary_search_insertion(nums, target + 1)\n    # j \u6307\u5411\u6700\u53f3\u4e00\u4e2a target \uff0ci \u6307\u5411\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e target \u7684\u5143\u7d20\n    j = i - 1\n    # \u672a\u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\n    if j == -1 or nums[j] != target:\n        return -1\n    # \u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u7d22\u5f15 j\n    return j\n
    binary_search_edge.cpp
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u6700\u53f3\u4e00\u4e2a target */\nint binarySearchRightEdge(vector<int> &nums, int target) {\n    // \u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u67e5\u627e\u6700\u5de6\u4e00\u4e2a target + 1\n    int i = binarySearchInsertion(nums, target + 1);\n    // j \u6307\u5411\u6700\u53f3\u4e00\u4e2a target \uff0ci \u6307\u5411\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e target \u7684\u5143\u7d20\n    int j = i - 1;\n    // \u672a\u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\n    if (j == -1 || nums[j] != target) {\n        return -1;\n    }\n    // \u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u7d22\u5f15 j\n    return j;\n}\n
    binary_search_edge.java
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u6700\u53f3\u4e00\u4e2a target */\nint binarySearchRightEdge(int[] nums, int target) {\n    // \u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u67e5\u627e\u6700\u5de6\u4e00\u4e2a target + 1\n    int i = binary_search_insertion.binarySearchInsertion(nums, target + 1);\n    // j \u6307\u5411\u6700\u53f3\u4e00\u4e2a target \uff0ci \u6307\u5411\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e target \u7684\u5143\u7d20\n    int j = i - 1;\n    // \u672a\u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\n    if (j == -1 || nums[j] != target) {\n        return -1;\n    }\n    // \u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u7d22\u5f15 j\n    return j;\n}\n
    binary_search_edge.cs
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u6700\u53f3\u4e00\u4e2a target */\nint BinarySearchRightEdge(int[] nums, int target) {\n    // \u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u67e5\u627e\u6700\u5de6\u4e00\u4e2a target + 1\n    int i = binary_search_insertion.BinarySearchInsertion(nums, target + 1);\n    // j \u6307\u5411\u6700\u53f3\u4e00\u4e2a target \uff0ci \u6307\u5411\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e target \u7684\u5143\u7d20\n    int j = i - 1;\n    // \u672a\u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\n    if (j == -1 || nums[j] != target) {\n        return -1;\n    }\n    // \u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u7d22\u5f15 j\n    return j;\n}\n
    binary_search_edge.go
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u6700\u53f3\u4e00\u4e2a target */\nfunc binarySearchRightEdge(nums []int, target int) int {\n    // \u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u67e5\u627e\u6700\u5de6\u4e00\u4e2a target + 1\n    i := binarySearchInsertion(nums, target+1)\n    // j \u6307\u5411\u6700\u53f3\u4e00\u4e2a target \uff0ci \u6307\u5411\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e target \u7684\u5143\u7d20\n    j := i - 1\n    // \u672a\u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\n    if j == -1 || nums[j] != target {\n        return -1\n    }\n    // \u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u7d22\u5f15 j\n    return j\n}\n
    binary_search_edge.swift
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u6700\u53f3\u4e00\u4e2a target */\nfunc binarySearchRightEdge(nums: [Int], target: Int) -> Int {\n    // \u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u67e5\u627e\u6700\u5de6\u4e00\u4e2a target + 1\n    let i = binarySearchInsertion(nums: nums, target: target + 1)\n    // j \u6307\u5411\u6700\u53f3\u4e00\u4e2a target \uff0ci \u6307\u5411\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e target \u7684\u5143\u7d20\n    let j = i - 1\n    // \u672a\u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\n    if j == -1 || nums[j] != target {\n        return -1\n    }\n    // \u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u7d22\u5f15 j\n    return j\n}\n
    binary_search_edge.js
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u6700\u53f3\u4e00\u4e2a target */\nfunction binarySearchRightEdge(nums, target) {\n    // \u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u67e5\u627e\u6700\u5de6\u4e00\u4e2a target + 1\n    const i = binarySearchInsertion(nums, target + 1);\n    // j \u6307\u5411\u6700\u53f3\u4e00\u4e2a target \uff0ci \u6307\u5411\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e target \u7684\u5143\u7d20\n    const j = i - 1;\n    // \u672a\u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\n    if (j === -1 || nums[j] !== target) {\n        return -1;\n    }\n    // \u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u7d22\u5f15 j\n    return j;\n}\n
    binary_search_edge.ts
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u6700\u53f3\u4e00\u4e2a target */\nfunction binarySearchRightEdge(nums: Array<number>, target: number): number {\n    // \u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u67e5\u627e\u6700\u5de6\u4e00\u4e2a target + 1\n    const i = binarySearchInsertion(nums, target + 1);\n    // j \u6307\u5411\u6700\u53f3\u4e00\u4e2a target \uff0ci \u6307\u5411\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e target \u7684\u5143\u7d20\n    const j = i - 1;\n    // \u672a\u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\n    if (j === -1 || nums[j] !== target) {\n        return -1;\n    }\n    // \u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u7d22\u5f15 j\n    return j;\n}\n
    binary_search_edge.dart
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u6700\u53f3\u4e00\u4e2a target */\nint binarySearchRightEdge(List<int> nums, int target) {\n  // \u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u67e5\u627e\u6700\u5de6\u4e00\u4e2a target + 1\n  int i = binarySearchInsertion(nums, target + 1);\n  // j \u6307\u5411\u6700\u53f3\u4e00\u4e2a target \uff0ci \u6307\u5411\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e target \u7684\u5143\u7d20\n  int j = i - 1;\n  // \u672a\u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\n  if (j == -1 || nums[j] != target) {\n    return -1;\n  }\n  // \u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u7d22\u5f15 j\n  return j;\n}\n
    binary_search_edge.rs
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u6700\u53f3\u4e00\u4e2a target */\nfn binary_search_right_edge(nums: &[i32], target: i32) -> i32 {\n    // \u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u67e5\u627e\u6700\u5de6\u4e00\u4e2a target + 1\n    let i = binary_search_insertion(nums, target + 1);\n    // j \u6307\u5411\u6700\u53f3\u4e00\u4e2a target \uff0ci \u6307\u5411\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e target \u7684\u5143\u7d20\n    let j = i - 1;\n    // \u672a\u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\n    if j == -1 || nums[j as usize] != target {\n        return -1;\n    }\n    // \u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u7d22\u5f15 j\n    j\n}\n
    binary_search_edge.c
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u6700\u53f3\u4e00\u4e2a target */\nint binarySearchRightEdge(int *nums, int numSize, int target) {\n    // \u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u67e5\u627e\u6700\u5de6\u4e00\u4e2a target + 1\n    int i = binarySearchInsertion(nums, numSize, target + 1);\n    // j \u6307\u5411\u6700\u53f3\u4e00\u4e2a target \uff0ci \u6307\u5411\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e target \u7684\u5143\u7d20\n    int j = i - 1;\n    // \u672a\u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de -1\n    if (j == -1 || nums[j] != target) {\n        return -1;\n    }\n    // \u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u7d22\u5f15 j\n    return j;\n}\n
    binary_search_edge.zig
    [class]{}-[func]{binarySearchRightEdge}\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_searching/binary_search_edge/#2","title":"2. \u00a0 \u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u67e5\u627e\u5143\u7d20","text":"

    \u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u5f53\u6570\u7ec4\u4e0d\u5305\u542b target \u65f6\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8 \\(i\\) \u548c \\(j\\) \u4f1a\u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e\u3001\u5c0f\u4e8e target \u7684\u5143\u7d20\u3002

    \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5982\u56fe 10-8 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6784\u9020\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u67e5\u627e\u5de6\u53f3\u8fb9\u754c\u3002

    • \u67e5\u627e\u6700\u5de6\u4e00\u4e2a target \uff1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u67e5\u627e target - 0.5 \uff0c\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u6307\u9488 \\(i\\) \u3002
    • \u67e5\u627e\u6700\u53f3\u4e00\u4e2a target \uff1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u67e5\u627e target + 0.5 \uff0c\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u6307\u9488 \\(j\\) \u3002

    \u56fe 10-8 \u00a0 \u5c06\u67e5\u627e\u8fb9\u754c\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u67e5\u627e\u5143\u7d20

    \u4ee3\u7801\u5728\u6b64\u7701\u7565\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e24\u70b9\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u3002

    • \u7ed9\u5b9a\u6570\u7ec4\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u5c0f\u6570\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u987b\u5173\u5fc3\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u76f8\u7b49\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002
    • \u56e0\u4e3a\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u5c0f\u6570\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u7684\u53d8\u91cf target \u6539\u4e3a\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\uff08Python \u65e0\u987b\u6539\u52a8\uff09\u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_searching/binary_search_insertion/","title":"10.2 \u00a0 \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u70b9","text":"

    \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u641c\u7d22\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u89e3\u51b3\u8bb8\u591a\u53d8\u79cd\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u641c\u7d22\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_searching/binary_search_insertion/#1021","title":"10.2.1 \u00a0 \u65e0\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u60c5\u51b5","text":"

    Question

    \u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(n\\) \u7684\u6709\u5e8f\u6570\u7ec4 nums \u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20 target \uff0c\u6570\u7ec4\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u73b0\u5c06 target \u63d2\u5165\u6570\u7ec4 nums \u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u4fdd\u6301\u5176\u6709\u5e8f\u6027\u3002\u82e5\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u5df2\u5b58\u5728\u5143\u7d20 target \uff0c\u5219\u63d2\u5165\u5230\u5176\u5de6\u65b9\u3002\u8bf7\u8fd4\u56de\u63d2\u5165\u540e target \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u3002\u793a\u4f8b\u5982\u56fe 10-4 \u6240\u793a\u3002

    \u56fe 10-4 \u00a0 \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\u793a\u4f8b\u6570\u636e

    \u5982\u679c\u60f3\u590d\u7528\u4e0a\u4e00\u8282\u7684\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u5219\u9700\u8981\u56de\u7b54\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e24\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002

    \u95ee\u9898\u4e00\uff1a\u5f53\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u5305\u542b target \u65f6\uff0c\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u662f\u5426\u662f\u8be5\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\uff1f

    \u9898\u76ee\u8981\u6c42\u5c06 target \u63d2\u5165\u5230\u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u5de6\u8fb9\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u65b0\u63d2\u5165\u7684 target \u66ff\u6362\u4e86\u539f\u6765 target \u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5f53\u6570\u7ec4\u5305\u542b target \u65f6\uff0c\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u5c31\u662f\u8be5 target \u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u3002

    \u95ee\u9898\u4e8c\uff1a\u5f53\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728 target \u65f6\uff0c\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\u662f\u54ea\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\uff1f

    \u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u601d\u8003\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff1a\u5f53 nums[m] < target \u65f6 \\(i\\) \u79fb\u52a8\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6307\u9488 \\(i\\) \u5728\u5411\u5927\u4e8e\u7b49\u4e8e target \u7684\u5143\u7d20\u9760\u8fd1\u3002\u540c\u7406\uff0c\u6307\u9488 \\(j\\) \u59cb\u7ec8\u5728\u5411\u5c0f\u4e8e\u7b49\u4e8e target \u7684\u5143\u7d20\u9760\u8fd1\u3002

    \u56e0\u6b64\u4e8c\u5206\u7ed3\u675f\u65f6\u4e00\u5b9a\u6709\uff1a\\(i\\) \u6307\u5411\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e target \u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\\(j\\) \u6307\u5411\u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e target \u7684\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u6613\u5f97\u5f53\u6570\u7ec4\u4e0d\u5305\u542b target \u65f6\uff0c\u63d2\u5165\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a \\(i\\) \u3002\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig binary_search_insertion.py
    def binary_search_insertion_simple(nums: list[int], target: int) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\uff08\u65e0\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\uff09\"\"\"\n    i, j = 0, len(nums) - 1  # \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4 [0, n-1]\n    while i <= j:\n        m = (i + j) // 2  # \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\n        if nums[m] < target:\n            i = m + 1  # target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j] \u4e2d\n        elif nums[m] > target:\n            j = m - 1  # target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\n        else:\n            return m  # \u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u63d2\u5165\u70b9 m\n    # \u672a\u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u63d2\u5165\u70b9 i\n    return i\n
    binary_search_insertion.cpp
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\uff08\u65e0\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\uff09 */\nint binarySearchInsertionSimple(vector<int> &nums, int target) {\n    int i = 0, j = nums.size() - 1; // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4 [0, n-1]\n    while (i <= j) {\n        int m = i + (j - i) / 2; // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\n        if (nums[m] < target) {\n            i = m + 1; // target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j] \u4e2d\n        } else if (nums[m] > target) {\n            j = m - 1; // target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\n        } else {\n            return m; // \u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u63d2\u5165\u70b9 m\n        }\n    }\n    // \u672a\u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u63d2\u5165\u70b9 i\n    return i;\n}\n
    binary_search_insertion.java
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\uff08\u65e0\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\uff09 */\nint binarySearchInsertionSimple(int[] nums, int target) {\n    int i = 0, j = nums.length - 1; // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4 [0, n-1]\n    while (i <= j) {\n        int m = i + (j - i) / 2; // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\n        if (nums[m] < target) {\n            i = m + 1; // target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j] \u4e2d\n        } else if (nums[m] > target) {\n            j = m - 1; // target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\n        } else {\n            return m; // \u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u63d2\u5165\u70b9 m\n        }\n    }\n    // \u672a\u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u63d2\u5165\u70b9 i\n    return i;\n}\n
    binary_search_insertion.cs
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\uff08\u65e0\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\uff09 */\nint BinarySearchInsertionSimple(int[] nums, int target) {\n    int i = 0, j = nums.Length - 1; // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4 [0, n-1]\n    while (i <= j) {\n        int m = i + (j - i) / 2; // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\n        if (nums[m] < target) {\n            i = m + 1; // target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j] \u4e2d\n        } else if (nums[m] > target) {\n            j = m - 1; // target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\n        } else {\n            return m; // \u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u63d2\u5165\u70b9 m\n        }\n    }\n    // \u672a\u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u63d2\u5165\u70b9 i\n    return i;\n}\n
    binary_search_insertion.go
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\uff08\u65e0\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\uff09 */\nfunc binarySearchInsertionSimple(nums []int, target int) int {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4 [0, n-1]\n    i, j := 0, len(nums)-1\n    for i <= j {\n        // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\n        m := i + (j-i)/2\n        if nums[m] < target {\n            // target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j] \u4e2d\n            i = m + 1\n        } else if nums[m] > target {\n            // target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\n            j = m - 1\n        } else {\n            // \u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u63d2\u5165\u70b9 m\n            return m\n        }\n    }\n    // \u672a\u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u63d2\u5165\u70b9 i\n    return i\n}\n
    binary_search_insertion.swift
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\uff08\u65e0\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\uff09 */\nfunc binarySearchInsertionSimple(nums: [Int], target: Int) -> Int {\n    var i = 0, j = nums.count - 1 // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4 [0, n-1]\n    while i <= j {\n        let m = i + (j - i) / 2 // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\n        if nums[m] < target {\n            i = m + 1 // target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j] \u4e2d\n        } else if nums[m] > target {\n            j = m - 1 // target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\n        } else {\n            return m // \u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u63d2\u5165\u70b9 m\n        }\n    }\n    // \u672a\u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u63d2\u5165\u70b9 i\n    return i\n}\n
    binary_search_insertion.js
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\uff08\u65e0\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\uff09 */\nfunction binarySearchInsertionSimple(nums, target) {\n    let i = 0,\n        j = nums.length - 1; // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4 [0, n-1]\n    while (i <= j) {\n        const m = Math.floor(i + (j - i) / 2); // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m, \u4f7f\u7528 Math.floor() \u5411\u4e0b\u53d6\u6574\n        if (nums[m] < target) {\n            i = m + 1; // target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j] \u4e2d\n        } else if (nums[m] > target) {\n            j = m - 1; // target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\n        } else {\n            return m; // \u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u63d2\u5165\u70b9 m\n        }\n    }\n    // \u672a\u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u63d2\u5165\u70b9 i\n    return i;\n}\n
    binary_search_insertion.ts
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\uff08\u65e0\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\uff09 */\nfunction binarySearchInsertionSimple(\n    nums: Array<number>,\n    target: number\n): number {\n    let i = 0,\n        j = nums.length - 1; // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4 [0, n-1]\n    while (i <= j) {\n        const m = Math.floor(i + (j - i) / 2); // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m, \u4f7f\u7528 Math.floor() \u5411\u4e0b\u53d6\u6574\n        if (nums[m] < target) {\n            i = m + 1; // target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j] \u4e2d\n        } else if (nums[m] > target) {\n            j = m - 1; // target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\n        } else {\n            return m; // \u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u63d2\u5165\u70b9 m\n        }\n    }\n    // \u672a\u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u63d2\u5165\u70b9 i\n    return i;\n}\n
    binary_search_insertion.dart
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\uff08\u65e0\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\uff09 */\nint binarySearchInsertionSimple(List<int> nums, int target) {\n  int i = 0, j = nums.length - 1; // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4 [0, n-1]\n  while (i <= j) {\n    int m = i + (j - i) ~/ 2; // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\n    if (nums[m] < target) {\n      i = m + 1; // target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j] \u4e2d\n    } else if (nums[m] > target) {\n      j = m - 1; // target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\n    } else {\n      return m; // \u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u63d2\u5165\u70b9 m\n    }\n  }\n  // \u672a\u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u63d2\u5165\u70b9 i\n  return i;\n}\n
    binary_search_insertion.rs
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\uff08\u5b58\u5728\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\uff09 */\npub fn binary_search_insertion(nums: &[i32], target: i32) -> i32 {\n    let (mut i, mut j) = (0, nums.len() as i32 - 1);    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4 [0, n-1]\n    while i <= j {\n        let m = i + (j - i) / 2;    // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\n        if nums[m as usize] < target {\n            i = m + 1;  // target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j] \u4e2d\n        } else if nums[m as usize] > target {\n            j = m - 1;  // target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\n        } else {\n            j = m - 1;  // \u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e target \u7684\u5143\u7d20\u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\n        }\n    }\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u63d2\u5165\u70b9 i\n    i\n}\n
    binary_search_insertion.c
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\uff08\u65e0\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\uff09 */\nint binarySearchInsertionSimple(int *nums, int numSize, int target) {\n    int i = 0, j = numSize - 1; // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4 [0, n-1]\n    while (i <= j) {\n        int m = i + (j - i) / 2; // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\n        if (nums[m] < target) {\n            i = m + 1; // target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j] \u4e2d\n        } else if (nums[m] > target) {\n            j = m - 1; // target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\n        } else {\n            return m; // \u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u63d2\u5165\u70b9 m\n        }\n    }\n    // \u672a\u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u63d2\u5165\u70b9 i\n    return i;\n}\n
    binary_search_insertion.zig
    [class]{}-[func]{binarySearchInsertionSimple}\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_searching/binary_search_insertion/#1022","title":"10.2.2 \u00a0 \u5b58\u5728\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u60c5\u51b5","text":"

    Question

    \u5728\u4e0a\u4e00\u9898\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u89c4\u5b9a\u6570\u7ec4\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u542b\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5176\u4f59\u4e0d\u53d8\u3002

    \u5047\u8bbe\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u591a\u4e2a target \uff0c\u5219\u666e\u901a\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u53ea\u80fd\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a target \u7684\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u800c\u65e0\u6cd5\u786e\u5b9a\u8be5\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u5de6\u8fb9\u548c\u53f3\u8fb9\u8fd8\u6709\u591a\u5c11 target\u3002

    \u9898\u76ee\u8981\u6c42\u5c06\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\u63d2\u5165\u5230\u6700\u5de6\u8fb9\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u67e5\u627e\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u6700\u5de6\u4e00\u4e2a target \u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u3002\u521d\u6b65\u8003\u8651\u901a\u8fc7\u56fe 10-5 \u6240\u793a\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002

    1. \u6267\u884c\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u4efb\u610f\u4e00\u4e2a target \u7684\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a \\(k\\) \u3002
    2. \u4ece\u7d22\u5f15 \\(k\\) \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5411\u5de6\u8fdb\u884c\u7ebf\u6027\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u5f53\u627e\u5230\u6700\u5de6\u8fb9\u7684 target \u65f6\u8fd4\u56de\u3002

    \u56fe 10-5 \u00a0 \u7ebf\u6027\u67e5\u627e\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u63d2\u5165\u70b9

    \u6b64\u65b9\u6cd5\u867d\u7136\u53ef\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u5305\u542b\u7ebf\u6027\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n)\\) \u3002\u5f53\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u5f88\u591a\u91cd\u590d\u7684 target \u65f6\uff0c\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u6548\u7387\u5f88\u4f4e\u3002

    \u73b0\u8003\u8651\u62d3\u5c55\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u4ee3\u7801\u3002\u5982\u56fe 10-6 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u6574\u4f53\u6d41\u7a0b\u4fdd\u6301\u4e0d\u53d8\uff0c\u6bcf\u8f6e\u5148\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 \\(m\\) \uff0c\u518d\u5224\u65ad target \u548c nums[m] \u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5206\u4e3a\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u3002

    • \u5f53 nums[m] < target \u6216 nums[m] > target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u627e\u5230 target \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u91c7\u7528\u666e\u901a\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u7684\u7f29\u5c0f\u533a\u95f4\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u6307\u9488 \\(i\\) \u548c \\(j\\) \u5411 target \u9760\u8fd1\u3002
    • \u5f53 nums[m] == target \u65f6\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u5c0f\u4e8e target \u7684\u5143\u7d20\u5728\u533a\u95f4 \\([i, m - 1]\\) \u4e2d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u91c7\u7528 \\(j = m - 1\\) \u6765\u7f29\u5c0f\u533a\u95f4\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u6307\u9488 \\(j\\) \u5411\u5c0f\u4e8e target \u7684\u5143\u7d20\u9760\u8fd1\u3002

    \u5faa\u73af\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\\(i\\) \u6307\u5411\u6700\u5de6\u8fb9\u7684 target \uff0c\\(j\\) \u6307\u5411\u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e target \u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7d22\u5f15 \\(i\\) \u5c31\u662f\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\u3002

    <1><2><3><4><5><6><7><8>

    \u56fe 10-6 \u00a0 \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4

    \u89c2\u5bdf\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u5224\u65ad\u5206\u652f nums[m] > target \u548c nums[m] == target \u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e24\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u5408\u5e76\u3002

    \u5373\u4fbf\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u5224\u65ad\u6761\u4ef6\u4fdd\u6301\u5c55\u5f00\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5176\u903b\u8f91\u66f4\u52a0\u6e05\u6670\u3001\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u66f4\u597d\u3002

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig binary_search_insertion.py
    def binary_search_insertion(nums: list[int], target: int) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\uff08\u5b58\u5728\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\uff09\"\"\"\n    i, j = 0, len(nums) - 1  # \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4 [0, n-1]\n    while i <= j:\n        m = (i + j) // 2  # \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\n        if nums[m] < target:\n            i = m + 1  # target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j] \u4e2d\n        elif nums[m] > target:\n            j = m - 1  # target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\n        else:\n            j = m - 1  # \u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e target \u7684\u5143\u7d20\u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\n    # \u8fd4\u56de\u63d2\u5165\u70b9 i\n    return i\n
    binary_search_insertion.cpp
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\uff08\u5b58\u5728\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\uff09 */\nint binarySearchInsertion(vector<int> &nums, int target) {\n    int i = 0, j = nums.size() - 1; // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4 [0, n-1]\n    while (i <= j) {\n        int m = i + (j - i) / 2; // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\n        if (nums[m] < target) {\n            i = m + 1; // target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j] \u4e2d\n        } else if (nums[m] > target) {\n            j = m - 1; // target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\n        } else {\n            j = m - 1; // \u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e target \u7684\u5143\u7d20\u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\n        }\n    }\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u63d2\u5165\u70b9 i\n    return i;\n}\n
    binary_search_insertion.java
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\uff08\u5b58\u5728\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\uff09 */\nint binarySearchInsertion(int[] nums, int target) {\n    int i = 0, j = nums.length - 1; // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4 [0, n-1]\n    while (i <= j) {\n        int m = i + (j - i) / 2; // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\n        if (nums[m] < target) {\n            i = m + 1; // target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j] \u4e2d\n        } else if (nums[m] > target) {\n            j = m - 1; // target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\n        } else {\n            j = m - 1; // \u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e target \u7684\u5143\u7d20\u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\n        }\n    }\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u63d2\u5165\u70b9 i\n    return i;\n}\n
    binary_search_insertion.cs
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\uff08\u5b58\u5728\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\uff09 */\nint BinarySearchInsertion(int[] nums, int target) {\n    int i = 0, j = nums.Length - 1; // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4 [0, n-1]\n    while (i <= j) {\n        int m = i + (j - i) / 2; // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\n        if (nums[m] < target) {\n            i = m + 1; // target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j] \u4e2d\n        } else if (nums[m] > target) {\n            j = m - 1; // target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\n        } else {\n            j = m - 1; // \u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e target \u7684\u5143\u7d20\u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\n        }\n    }\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u63d2\u5165\u70b9 i\n    return i;\n}\n
    binary_search_insertion.go
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\uff08\u5b58\u5728\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\uff09 */\nfunc binarySearchInsertion(nums []int, target int) int {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4 [0, n-1]\n    i, j := 0, len(nums)-1\n    for i <= j {\n        // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\n        m := i + (j-i)/2\n        if nums[m] < target {\n            // target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j] \u4e2d\n            i = m + 1\n        } else if nums[m] > target {\n            // target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\n            j = m - 1\n        } else {\n            // \u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e target \u7684\u5143\u7d20\u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\n            j = m - 1\n        }\n    }\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u63d2\u5165\u70b9 i\n    return i\n}\n
    binary_search_insertion.swift
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\uff08\u5b58\u5728\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\uff09 */\nfunc binarySearchInsertion(nums: [Int], target: Int) -> Int {\n    var i = 0, j = nums.count - 1 // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4 [0, n-1]\n    while i <= j {\n        let m = i + (j - i) / 2 // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\n        if nums[m] < target {\n            i = m + 1 // target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j] \u4e2d\n        } else if nums[m] > target {\n            j = m - 1 // target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\n        } else {\n            j = m - 1 // \u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e target \u7684\u5143\u7d20\u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\n        }\n    }\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u63d2\u5165\u70b9 i\n    return i\n}\n
    binary_search_insertion.js
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\uff08\u5b58\u5728\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\uff09 */\nfunction binarySearchInsertion(nums, target) {\n    let i = 0,\n        j = nums.length - 1; // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4 [0, n-1]\n    while (i <= j) {\n        const m = Math.floor(i + (j - i) / 2); // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m, \u4f7f\u7528 Math.floor() \u5411\u4e0b\u53d6\u6574\n        if (nums[m] < target) {\n            i = m + 1; // target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j] \u4e2d\n        } else if (nums[m] > target) {\n            j = m - 1; // target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\n        } else {\n            j = m - 1; // \u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e target \u7684\u5143\u7d20\u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\n        }\n    }\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u63d2\u5165\u70b9 i\n    return i;\n}\n
    binary_search_insertion.ts
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\uff08\u5b58\u5728\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\uff09 */\nfunction binarySearchInsertion(nums: Array<number>, target: number): number {\n    let i = 0,\n        j = nums.length - 1; // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4 [0, n-1]\n    while (i <= j) {\n        const m = Math.floor(i + (j - i) / 2); // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m, \u4f7f\u7528 Math.floor() \u5411\u4e0b\u53d6\u6574\n        if (nums[m] < target) {\n            i = m + 1; // target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j] \u4e2d\n        } else if (nums[m] > target) {\n            j = m - 1; // target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\n        } else {\n            j = m - 1; // \u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e target \u7684\u5143\u7d20\u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\n        }\n    }\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u63d2\u5165\u70b9 i\n    return i;\n}\n
    binary_search_insertion.dart
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\uff08\u5b58\u5728\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\uff09 */\nint binarySearchInsertion(List<int> nums, int target) {\n  int i = 0, j = nums.length - 1; // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4 [0, n-1]\n  while (i <= j) {\n    int m = i + (j - i) ~/ 2; // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\n    if (nums[m] < target) {\n      i = m + 1; // target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j] \u4e2d\n    } else if (nums[m] > target) {\n      j = m - 1; // target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\n    } else {\n      j = m - 1; // \u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e target \u7684\u5143\u7d20\u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\n    }\n  }\n  // \u8fd4\u56de\u63d2\u5165\u70b9 i\n  return i;\n}\n
    binary_search_insertion.rs
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\uff08\u5b58\u5728\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\uff09 */\npub fn binary_search_insertion(nums: &[i32], target: i32) -> i32 {\n    let (mut i, mut j) = (0, nums.len() as i32 - 1);    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4 [0, n-1]\n    while i <= j {\n        let m = i + (j - i) / 2;    // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\n        if nums[m as usize] < target {\n            i = m + 1;  // target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j] \u4e2d\n        } else if nums[m as usize] > target {\n            j = m - 1;  // target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\n        } else {\n            j = m - 1;  // \u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e target \u7684\u5143\u7d20\u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\n        }\n    }\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u63d2\u5165\u70b9 i\n    i\n}\n
    binary_search_insertion.c
    /* \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u70b9\uff08\u5b58\u5728\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\uff09 */\nint binarySearchInsertion(int *nums, int numSize, int target) {\n    int i = 0, j = numSize - 1; // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4 [0, n-1]\n    while (i <= j) {\n        int m = i + (j - i) / 2; // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15 m\n        if (nums[m] < target) {\n            i = m + 1; // target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [m+1, j] \u4e2d\n        } else if (nums[m] > target) {\n            j = m - 1; // target \u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\n        } else {\n            j = m - 1; // \u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e target \u7684\u5143\u7d20\u5728\u533a\u95f4 [i, m-1] \u4e2d\n        }\n    }\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u63d2\u5165\u70b9 i\n    return i;\n}\n
    binary_search_insertion.zig
    [class]{}-[func]{binarySearchInsertion}\n

    Tip

    \u672c\u8282\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u90fd\u662f\u201c\u53cc\u95ed\u533a\u95f4\u201d\u5199\u6cd5\u3002\u6709\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u8bfb\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u884c\u5b9e\u73b0\u201c\u5de6\u95ed\u53f3\u5f00\u201d\u5199\u6cd5\u3002

    \u603b\u7684\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u65e0\u975e\u5c31\u662f\u7ed9\u6307\u9488 \\(i\\) \u548c \\(j\\) \u5206\u522b\u8bbe\u5b9a\u641c\u7d22\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u76ee\u6807\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff08\u4f8b\u5982 target \uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u8303\u56f4\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u5c0f\u4e8e target \u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff09\u3002

    \u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u7684\u5faa\u73af\u4e8c\u5206\u4e2d\uff0c\u6307\u9488 \\(i\\) \u548c \\(j\\) \u90fd\u9010\u6e10\u903c\u8fd1\u9884\u5148\u8bbe\u5b9a\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u6700\u7ec8\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u6216\u662f\u6210\u529f\u627e\u5230\u7b54\u6848\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u8d8a\u8fc7\u8fb9\u754c\u540e\u505c\u6b62\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_searching/replace_linear_by_hashing/","title":"10.4 \u00a0 \u54c8\u5e0c\u4f18\u5316\u7b56\u7565","text":"

    \u5728\u7b97\u6cd5\u9898\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e38\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u7ebf\u6027\u67e5\u627e\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u54c8\u5e0c\u67e5\u627e\u6765\u964d\u4f4e\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u501f\u52a9\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b97\u6cd5\u9898\u6765\u52a0\u6df1\u7406\u89e3\u3002

    Question

    \u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6574\u6570\u6570\u7ec4 nums \u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20 target \uff0c\u8bf7\u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u641c\u7d22\u201c\u548c\u201d\u4e3a target \u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15\u3002\u8fd4\u56de\u4efb\u610f\u4e00\u4e2a\u89e3\u5373\u53ef\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_searching/replace_linear_by_hashing/#1041","title":"10.4.1 \u00a0 \u7ebf\u6027\u67e5\u627e\uff1a\u4ee5\u65f6\u95f4\u6362\u7a7a\u95f4","text":"

    \u8003\u8651\u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u3002\u5982\u56fe 10-9 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5f00\u542f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e24\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u5728\u6bcf\u8f6e\u4e2d\u5224\u65ad\u4e24\u4e2a\u6574\u6570\u7684\u548c\u662f\u5426\u4e3a target \uff0c\u82e5\u662f\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u3002

    \u56fe 10-9 \u00a0 \u7ebf\u6027\u67e5\u627e\u6c42\u89e3\u4e24\u6570\u4e4b\u548c

    \u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig two_sum.py
    def two_sum_brute_force(nums: list[int], target: int) -> list[int]:\n    \"\"\"\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e00\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u679a\u4e3e\"\"\"\n    # \u4e24\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a O(n^2)\n    for i in range(len(nums) - 1):\n        for j in range(i + 1, len(nums)):\n            if nums[i] + nums[j] == target:\n                return [i, j]\n    return []\n
    two_sum.cpp
    /* \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e00\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u679a\u4e3e */\nvector<int> twoSumBruteForce(vector<int> &nums, int target) {\n    int size = nums.size();\n    // \u4e24\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a O(n^2)\n    for (int i = 0; i < size - 1; i++) {\n        for (int j = i + 1; j < size; j++) {\n            if (nums[i] + nums[j] == target)\n                return {i, j};\n        }\n    }\n    return {};\n}\n
    two_sum.java
    /* \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e00\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u679a\u4e3e */\nint[] twoSumBruteForce(int[] nums, int target) {\n    int size = nums.length;\n    // \u4e24\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a O(n^2)\n    for (int i = 0; i < size - 1; i++) {\n        for (int j = i + 1; j < size; j++) {\n            if (nums[i] + nums[j] == target)\n                return new int[] { i, j };\n        }\n    }\n    return new int[0];\n}\n
    two_sum.cs
    /* \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e00\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u679a\u4e3e */\nint[] TwoSumBruteForce(int[] nums, int target) {\n    int size = nums.Length;\n    // \u4e24\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a O(n^2)\n    for (int i = 0; i < size - 1; i++) {\n        for (int j = i + 1; j < size; j++) {\n            if (nums[i] + nums[j] == target)\n                return [i, j];\n        }\n    }\n    return [];\n}\n
    two_sum.go
    /* \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e00\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u679a\u4e3e */\nfunc twoSumBruteForce(nums []int, target int) []int {\n    size := len(nums)\n    // \u4e24\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a O(n^2)\n    for i := 0; i < size-1; i++ {\n        for j := i + 1; i < size; j++ {\n            if nums[i]+nums[j] == target {\n                return []int{i, j}\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return nil\n}\n
    two_sum.swift
    /* \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e00\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u679a\u4e3e */\nfunc twoSumBruteForce(nums: [Int], target: Int) -> [Int] {\n    // \u4e24\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a O(n^2)\n    for i in nums.indices.dropLast() {\n        for j in nums.indices.dropFirst(i + 1) {\n            if nums[i] + nums[j] == target {\n                return [i, j]\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return [0]\n}\n
    two_sum.js
    /* \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e00\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u679a\u4e3e */\nfunction twoSumBruteForce(nums, target) {\n    const n = nums.length;\n    // \u4e24\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a O(n^2)\n    for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        for (let j = i + 1; j < n; j++) {\n            if (nums[i] + nums[j] === target) {\n                return [i, j];\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return [];\n}\n
    two_sum.ts
    /* \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e00\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u679a\u4e3e */\nfunction twoSumBruteForce(nums: number[], target: number): number[] {\n    const n = nums.length;\n    // \u4e24\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a O(n^2)\n    for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        for (let j = i + 1; j < n; j++) {\n            if (nums[i] + nums[j] === target) {\n                return [i, j];\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return [];\n}\n
    two_sum.dart
    /* \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e00\uff1a \u66b4\u529b\u679a\u4e3e */\nList<int> twoSumBruteForce(List<int> nums, int target) {\n  int size = nums.length;\n  // \u4e24\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a O(n^2)\n  for (var i = 0; i < size - 1; i++) {\n    for (var j = i + 1; j < size; j++) {\n      if (nums[i] + nums[j] == target) return [i, j];\n    }\n  }\n  return [0];\n}\n
    two_sum.rs
    /* \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e00\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u679a\u4e3e */\npub fn two_sum_brute_force(nums: &Vec<i32>, target: i32) -> Option<Vec<i32>> {\n    let size = nums.len();\n    // \u4e24\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a O(n^2)\n    for i in 0..size - 1 {\n        for j in i + 1..size {\n            if nums[i] + nums[j] == target {\n                return Some(vec![i as i32, j as i32]);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    None\n}\n
    two_sum.c
    /* \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e00\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u679a\u4e3e */\nint *twoSumBruteForce(int *nums, int numsSize, int target, int *returnSize) {\n    for (int i = 0; i < numsSize; ++i) {\n        for (int j = i + 1; j < numsSize; ++j) {\n            if (nums[i] + nums[j] == target) {\n                int *res = malloc(sizeof(int) * 2);\n                res[0] = i, res[1] = j;\n                *returnSize = 2;\n                return res;\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    *returnSize = 0;\n    return NULL;\n}\n
    two_sum.zig
    // \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e00\uff1a\u66b4\u529b\u679a\u4e3e\nfn twoSumBruteForce(nums: []i32, target: i32) ?[2]i32 {\n    var size: usize = nums.len;\n    var i: usize = 0;\n    // \u4e24\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a O(n^2)\n    while (i < size - 1) : (i += 1) {\n        var j = i + 1;\n        while (j < size) : (j += 1) {\n            if (nums[i] + nums[j] == target) {\n                return [_]i32{@intCast(i), @intCast(j)};\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return null;\n}\n

    \u6b64\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n^2)\\) \uff0c\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(1)\\) \uff0c\u5728\u5927\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u4e0b\u975e\u5e38\u8017\u65f6\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_searching/replace_linear_by_hashing/#1042","title":"10.4.2 \u00a0 \u54c8\u5e0c\u67e5\u627e\uff1a\u4ee5\u7a7a\u95f4\u6362\u65f6\u95f4","text":"

    \u8003\u8651\u501f\u52a9\u4e00\u4e2a\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u5206\u522b\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u548c\u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\u3002\u5faa\u73af\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u6bcf\u8f6e\u6267\u884c\u56fe 10-10 \u6240\u793a\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002

    1. \u5224\u65ad\u6570\u5b57 target - nums[i] \u662f\u5426\u5728\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u4e2d\uff0c\u82e5\u662f\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u3002
    2. \u5c06\u952e\u503c\u5bf9 nums[i] \u548c\u7d22\u5f15 i \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fdb\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u3002
    <1><2><3>

    \u56fe 10-10 \u00a0 \u8f85\u52a9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u6c42\u89e3\u4e24\u6570\u4e4b\u548c

    \u5b9e\u73b0\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u4ec5\u9700\u5355\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\u5373\u53ef\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig two_sum.py
    def two_sum_hash_table(nums: list[int], target: int) -> list[int]:\n    \"\"\"\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e8c\uff1a\u8f85\u52a9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\"\"\"\n    # \u8f85\u52a9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a O(n)\n    dic = {}\n    # \u5355\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a O(n)\n    for i in range(len(nums)):\n        if target - nums[i] in dic:\n            return [dic[target - nums[i]], i]\n        dic[nums[i]] = i\n    return []\n
    two_sum.cpp
    /* \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e8c\uff1a\u8f85\u52a9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nvector<int> twoSumHashTable(vector<int> &nums, int target) {\n    int size = nums.size();\n    // \u8f85\u52a9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a O(n)\n    unordered_map<int, int> dic;\n    // \u5355\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a O(n)\n    for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {\n        if (dic.find(target - nums[i]) != dic.end()) {\n            return {dic[target - nums[i]], i};\n        }\n        dic.emplace(nums[i], i);\n    }\n    return {};\n}\n
    two_sum.java
    /* \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e8c\uff1a\u8f85\u52a9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nint[] twoSumHashTable(int[] nums, int target) {\n    int size = nums.length;\n    // \u8f85\u52a9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a O(n)\n    Map<Integer, Integer> dic = new HashMap<>();\n    // \u5355\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a O(n)\n    for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {\n        if (dic.containsKey(target - nums[i])) {\n            return new int[] { dic.get(target - nums[i]), i };\n        }\n        dic.put(nums[i], i);\n    }\n    return new int[0];\n}\n
    two_sum.cs
    /* \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e8c\uff1a\u8f85\u52a9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nint[] TwoSumHashTable(int[] nums, int target) {\n    int size = nums.Length;\n    // \u8f85\u52a9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a O(n)\n    Dictionary<int, int> dic = [];\n    // \u5355\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a O(n)\n    for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {\n        if (dic.ContainsKey(target - nums[i])) {\n            return [dic[target - nums[i]], i];\n        }\n        dic.Add(nums[i], i);\n    }\n    return [];\n}\n
    two_sum.go
    /* \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e8c\uff1a\u8f85\u52a9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nfunc twoSumHashTable(nums []int, target int) []int {\n    // \u8f85\u52a9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a O(n)\n    hashTable := map[int]int{}\n    // \u5355\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a O(n)\n    for idx, val := range nums {\n        if preIdx, ok := hashTable[target-val]; ok {\n            return []int{preIdx, idx}\n        }\n        hashTable[val] = idx\n    }\n    return nil\n}\n
    two_sum.swift
    /* \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e8c\uff1a\u8f85\u52a9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nfunc twoSumHashTable(nums: [Int], target: Int) -> [Int] {\n    // \u8f85\u52a9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a O(n)\n    var dic: [Int: Int] = [:]\n    // \u5355\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a O(n)\n    for i in nums.indices {\n        if let j = dic[target - nums[i]] {\n            return [j, i]\n        }\n        dic[nums[i]] = i\n    }\n    return [0]\n}\n
    two_sum.js
    /* \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e8c\uff1a\u8f85\u52a9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nfunction twoSumHashTable(nums, target) {\n    // \u8f85\u52a9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a O(n)\n    let m = {};\n    // \u5355\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a O(n)\n    for (let i = 0; i < nums.length; i++) {\n        if (m[target - nums[i]] !== undefined) {\n            return [m[target - nums[i]], i];\n        } else {\n            m[nums[i]] = i;\n        }\n    }\n    return [];\n}\n
    two_sum.ts
    /* \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e8c\uff1a\u8f85\u52a9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nfunction twoSumHashTable(nums: number[], target: number): number[] {\n    // \u8f85\u52a9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a O(n)\n    let m: Map<number, number> = new Map();\n    // \u5355\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a O(n)\n    for (let i = 0; i < nums.length; i++) {\n        let index = m.get(target - nums[i]);\n        if (index !== undefined) {\n            return [index, i];\n        } else {\n            m.set(nums[i], i);\n        }\n    }\n    return [];\n}\n
    two_sum.dart
    /* \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e8c\uff1a \u8f85\u52a9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nList<int> twoSumHashTable(List<int> nums, int target) {\n  int size = nums.length;\n  // \u8f85\u52a9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a O(n)\n  Map<int, int> dic = HashMap();\n  // \u5355\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a O(n)\n  for (var i = 0; i < size; i++) {\n    if (dic.containsKey(target - nums[i])) {\n      return [dic[target - nums[i]]!, i];\n    }\n    dic.putIfAbsent(nums[i], () => i);\n  }\n  return [0];\n}\n
    two_sum.rs
    /* \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e8c\uff1a\u8f85\u52a9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\npub fn two_sum_hash_table(nums: &Vec<i32>, target: i32) -> Option<Vec<i32>> {\n    // \u8f85\u52a9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a O(n)\n    let mut dic = HashMap::new();\n    // \u5355\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a O(n)\n    for (i, num) in nums.iter().enumerate() {\n        match dic.get(&(target - num)) {\n            Some(v) => return Some(vec![*v as i32, i as i32]),\n            None => dic.insert(num, i as i32)\n        };\n    }\n    None\n}\n
    two_sum.c
    /* \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\ntypedef struct {\n    int key;\n    int val;\n    UT_hash_handle hh; // \u57fa\u4e8e uthash.h \u5b9e\u73b0\n} HashTable;\n\n/* \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u67e5\u8be2 */\nHashTable *find(HashTable *h, int key) {\n    HashTable *tmp;\n    HASH_FIND_INT(h, &key, tmp);\n    return tmp;\n}\n\n/* \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5143\u7d20\u63d2\u5165 */\nvoid insert(HashTable *h, int key, int val) {\n    HashTable *t = find(h, key);\n    if (t == NULL) {\n        HashTable *tmp = malloc(sizeof(HashTable));\n        tmp->key = key, tmp->val = val;\n        HASH_ADD_INT(h, key, tmp);\n    } else {\n        t->val = val;\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e8c\uff1a\u8f85\u52a9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 */\nint *twoSumHashTable(int *nums, int numsSize, int target, int *returnSize) {\n    HashTable *hashtable = NULL;\n    for (int i = 0; i < numsSize; i++) {\n        HashTable *t = find(hashtable, target - nums[i]);\n        if (t != NULL) {\n            int *res = malloc(sizeof(int) * 2);\n            res[0] = t->val, res[1] = i;\n            *returnSize = 2;\n            return res;\n        }\n        insert(hashtable, nums[i], i);\n    }\n    *returnSize = 0;\n    return NULL;\n}\n
    two_sum.zig
    // \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e8c\uff1a\u8f85\u52a9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\nfn twoSumHashTable(nums: []i32, target: i32) !?[2]i32 {\n    var size: usize = nums.len;\n    // \u8f85\u52a9\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a O(n)\n    var dic = std.AutoHashMap(i32, i32).init(std.heap.page_allocator);\n    defer dic.deinit();\n    var i: usize = 0;\n    // \u5355\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a O(n)\n    while (i < size) : (i += 1) {\n        if (dic.contains(target - nums[i])) {\n            return [_]i32{dic.get(target - nums[i]).?, @intCast(i)};\n        }\n        try dic.put(nums[i], @intCast(i));\n    }\n    return null;\n}\n

    \u6b64\u65b9\u6cd5\u901a\u8fc7\u54c8\u5e0c\u67e5\u627e\u5c06\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4ece \\(O(n^2)\\) \u964d\u81f3 \\(O(n)\\) \uff0c\u5927\u5e45\u63d0\u5347\u8fd0\u884c\u6548\u7387\u3002

    \u7531\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u7ef4\u62a4\u4e00\u4e2a\u989d\u5916\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n)\\) \u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u65f6\u7a7a\u6548\u7387\u66f4\u4e3a\u5747\u8861\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u662f\u672c\u9898\u7684\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u6cd5\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_searching/searching_algorithm_revisited/","title":"10.5 \u00a0 \u91cd\u8bc6\u641c\u7d22\u7b97\u6cd5","text":"

    \u300c\u641c\u7d22\u7b97\u6cd5 searching algorithm\u300d\u7528\u4e8e\u5728\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u94fe\u8868\u3001\u6811\u6216\u56fe\uff09\u4e2d\u641c\u7d22\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u4e00\u7ec4\u6ee1\u8db3\u7279\u5b9a\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u3002

    \u641c\u7d22\u7b97\u6cd5\u53ef\u6839\u636e\u5b9e\u73b0\u601d\u8def\u5206\u4e3a\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e24\u7c7b\u3002

    • \u901a\u8fc7\u904d\u5386\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u6765\u5b9a\u4f4d\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u94fe\u8868\u3001\u6811\u548c\u56fe\u7684\u904d\u5386\u7b49\u3002
    • \u5229\u7528\u6570\u636e\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ed3\u6784\u6216\u6570\u636e\u5305\u542b\u7684\u5148\u9a8c\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u9ad8\u6548\u5143\u7d20\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u3001\u54c8\u5e0c\u67e5\u627e\u548c\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u67e5\u627e\u7b49\u3002

    \u4e0d\u96be\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\u90fd\u5df2\u5728\u524d\u9762\u7684\u7ae0\u8282\u4e2d\u4ecb\u7ecd\u8fc7\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u641c\u7d22\u7b97\u6cd5\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u8bf4\u5e76\u4e0d\u964c\u751f\u3002\u5728\u672c\u8282\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4ece\u66f4\u52a0\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u5207\u5165\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u5ba1\u89c6\u641c\u7d22\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_searching/searching_algorithm_revisited/#1051","title":"10.5.1 \u00a0 \u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22","text":"

    \u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22\u901a\u8fc7\u904d\u5386\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u6765\u5b9a\u4f4d\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\u3002

    • \u201c\u7ebf\u6027\u641c\u7d22\u201d\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u94fe\u8868\u7b49\u7ebf\u6027\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u5b83\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u4e00\u7aef\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u9010\u4e2a\u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\u6216\u5230\u8fbe\u53e6\u4e00\u7aef\u4ecd\u6ca1\u6709\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\u4e3a\u6b62\u3002
    • \u201c\u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u641c\u7d22\u201d\u548c\u201c\u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u641c\u7d22\u201d\u662f\u56fe\u548c\u6811\u7684\u4e24\u79cd\u904d\u5386\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u641c\u7d22\u4ece\u521d\u59cb\u8282\u70b9\u5f00\u59cb\u9010\u5c42\u641c\u7d22\uff0c\u7531\u8fd1\u53ca\u8fdc\u5730\u8bbf\u95ee\u5404\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u3002\u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u641c\u7d22\u4ece\u521d\u59cb\u8282\u70b9\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u6cbf\u7740\u4e00\u6761\u8def\u5f84\u8d70\u5230\u5934\uff0c\u518d\u56de\u6eaf\u5e76\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5176\u4ed6\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u904d\u5386\u5b8c\u6574\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u3002

    \u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\u662f\u7b80\u5355\u4e14\u901a\u7528\u6027\u597d\uff0c\u65e0\u987b\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u505a\u9884\u5904\u7406\u548c\u501f\u52a9\u989d\u5916\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u3002

    \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6b64\u7c7b\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n)\\) \uff0c\u5176\u4e2d \\(n\\) \u4e3a\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u6027\u80fd\u8f83\u5dee\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_searching/searching_algorithm_revisited/#1052","title":"10.5.2 \u00a0 \u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u641c\u7d22","text":"

    \u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u641c\u7d22\u5229\u7528\u6570\u636e\u7684\u7279\u6709\u5c5e\u6027\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u6709\u5e8f\u6027\uff09\u6765\u4f18\u5316\u641c\u7d22\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548\u5730\u5b9a\u4f4d\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\u3002

    • \u201c\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u201d\u5229\u7528\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6709\u5e8f\u6027\u5b9e\u73b0\u9ad8\u6548\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u4ec5\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u3002
    • \u201c\u54c8\u5e0c\u67e5\u627e\u201d\u5229\u7528\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5c06\u641c\u7d22\u6570\u636e\u548c\u76ee\u6807\u6570\u636e\u5efa\u7acb\u4e3a\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u6620\u5c04\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5b9e\u73b0\u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002
    • \u201c\u6811\u67e5\u627e\u201d\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u6811\u7ed3\u6784\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\uff09\u4e2d\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u6bd4\u8f83\u8282\u70b9\u503c\u6765\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5b9a\u4f4d\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\u3002

    \u6b64\u7c7b\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\u662f\u6548\u7387\u9ad8\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u53ef\u8fbe\u5230 \\(O(\\log n)\\) \u751a\u81f3 \\(O(1)\\) \u3002

    \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7b97\u6cd5\u5f80\u5f80\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u9884\u5904\u7406\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u9700\u8981\u9884\u5148\u5bf9\u6570\u7ec4\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u67e5\u627e\u548c\u6811\u67e5\u627e\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u501f\u52a9\u989d\u5916\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u7ef4\u62a4\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u989d\u5916\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u5f00\u9500\u3002

    Tip

    \u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u641c\u7d22\u7b97\u6cd5\u5e38\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u67e5\u627e\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u5feb\u901f\u68c0\u7d22\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_searching/searching_algorithm_revisited/#1053","title":"10.5.3 \u00a0 \u641c\u7d22\u65b9\u6cd5\u9009\u53d6","text":"

    \u7ed9\u5b9a\u5927\u5c0f\u4e3a \\(n\\) \u7684\u4e00\u7ec4\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u7ebf\u6027\u641c\u7d22\u3001\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u3001\u6811\u67e5\u627e\u3001\u54c8\u5e0c\u67e5\u627e\u7b49\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u4ece\u4e2d\u641c\u7d22\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u5404\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u5982\u56fe 10-11 \u6240\u793a\u3002

    \u56fe 10-11 \u00a0 \u591a\u79cd\u641c\u7d22\u7b56\u7565

    \u4e0a\u8ff0\u51e0\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u6548\u7387\u4e0e\u7279\u6027\u5982\u8868 10-1 \u6240\u793a\u3002

    \u8868 10-1 \u00a0 \u67e5\u627e\u7b97\u6cd5\u6548\u7387\u5bf9\u6bd4

    \u7ebf\u6027\u641c\u7d22 \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e \u6811\u67e5\u627e \u54c8\u5e0c\u67e5\u627e \u67e5\u627e\u5143\u7d20 \\(O(n)\\) \\(O(\\log n)\\) \\(O(\\log n)\\) \\(O(1)\\) \u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20 \\(O(1)\\) \\(O(n)\\) \\(O(\\log n)\\) \\(O(1)\\) \u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20 \\(O(n)\\) \\(O(n)\\) \\(O(\\log n)\\) \\(O(1)\\) \u989d\u5916\u7a7a\u95f4 \\(O(1)\\) \\(O(1)\\) \\(O(n)\\) \\(O(n)\\) \u6570\u636e\u9884\u5904\u7406 / \u6392\u5e8f \\(O(n \\log n)\\) \u5efa\u6811 \\(O(n \\log n)\\) \u5efa\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868 \\(O(n)\\) \u6570\u636e\u662f\u5426\u6709\u5e8f \u65e0\u5e8f \u6709\u5e8f \u6709\u5e8f \u65e0\u5e8f

    \u641c\u7d22\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u8fd8\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u4f53\u91cf\u3001\u641c\u7d22\u6027\u80fd\u8981\u6c42\u3001\u6570\u636e\u67e5\u8be2\u4e0e\u66f4\u65b0\u9891\u7387\u7b49\u3002

    \u7ebf\u6027\u641c\u7d22

    • \u901a\u7528\u6027\u8f83\u597d\uff0c\u65e0\u987b\u4efb\u4f55\u6570\u636e\u9884\u5904\u7406\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u5047\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u4ec5\u9700\u67e5\u8be2\u4e00\u6b21\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5176\u4ed6\u4e09\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u6570\u636e\u9884\u5904\u7406\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6bd4\u7ebf\u6027\u641c\u7d22\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u8fd8\u8981\u66f4\u957f\u3002
    • \u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4f53\u91cf\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5bf9\u6548\u7387\u5f71\u54cd\u8f83\u5c0f\u3002
    • \u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u66f4\u65b0\u9891\u7387\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u4efb\u4f55\u989d\u5916\u7ef4\u62a4\u3002

    \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e

    • \u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5927\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u6548\u7387\u8868\u73b0\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c\u6700\u5dee\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(\\log n)\\) \u3002
    • \u6570\u636e\u91cf\u4e0d\u80fd\u8fc7\u5927\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b58\u50a8\u6570\u7ec4\u9700\u8981\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002
    • \u4e0d\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u9ad8\u9891\u589e\u5220\u6570\u636e\u7684\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7ef4\u62a4\u6709\u5e8f\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5f00\u9500\u8f83\u5927\u3002

    \u54c8\u5e0c\u67e5\u627e

    • \u9002\u5408\u5bf9\u67e5\u8be2\u6027\u80fd\u8981\u6c42\u5f88\u9ad8\u7684\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u5e73\u5747\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(1)\\) \u3002
    • \u4e0d\u9002\u5408\u9700\u8981\u6709\u5e8f\u6570\u636e\u6216\u8303\u56f4\u67e5\u627e\u7684\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u65e0\u6cd5\u7ef4\u62a4\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6709\u5e8f\u6027\u3002
    • \u5bf9\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\u5904\u7406\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u6027\u8f83\u9ad8\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u52a3\u5316\u98ce\u9669\u3002
    • \u4e0d\u9002\u5408\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u8fc7\u5927\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u9700\u8981\u989d\u5916\u7a7a\u95f4\u6765\u6700\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u5730\u51cf\u5c11\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63d0\u4f9b\u826f\u597d\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u6027\u80fd\u3002

    \u6811\u67e5\u627e

    • \u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6d77\u91cf\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6811\u8282\u70b9\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u662f\u5206\u6563\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u3002
    • \u9002\u5408\u9700\u8981\u7ef4\u62a4\u6709\u5e8f\u6570\u636e\u6216\u8303\u56f4\u67e5\u627e\u7684\u573a\u666f\u3002
    • \u5728\u6301\u7eed\u589e\u5220\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u53ef\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u503e\u659c\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u52a3\u5316\u81f3 \\(O(n)\\) \u3002
    • \u82e5\u4f7f\u7528 AVL \u6811\u6216\u7ea2\u9ed1\u6811\uff0c\u5219\u5404\u9879\u64cd\u4f5c\u53ef\u5728 \\(O(\\log n)\\) \u6548\u7387\u4e0b\u7a33\u5b9a\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u4f46\u7ef4\u62a4\u6811\u5e73\u8861\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u989d\u5916\u7684\u5f00\u9500\u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_searching/summary/","title":"10.6 \u00a0 \u5c0f\u7ed3","text":"
    • \u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u4f9d\u8d56\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6709\u5e8f\u6027\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5faa\u73af\u9010\u6b65\u7f29\u51cf\u4e00\u534a\u641c\u7d22\u533a\u95f4\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u67e5\u627e\u3002\u5b83\u8981\u6c42\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u6709\u5e8f\uff0c\u4e14\u4ec5\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u6216\u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u3002
    • \u66b4\u529b\u641c\u7d22\u901a\u8fc7\u904d\u5386\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u6765\u5b9a\u4f4d\u6570\u636e\u3002\u7ebf\u6027\u641c\u7d22\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u94fe\u8868\uff0c\u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u641c\u7d22\u548c\u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u641c\u7d22\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u56fe\u548c\u6811\u3002\u6b64\u7c7b\u7b97\u6cd5\u901a\u7528\u6027\u597d\uff0c\u65e0\u987b\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u9884\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u4f46\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 \\(O(n)\\) \u8f83\u9ad8\u3002
    • \u54c8\u5e0c\u67e5\u627e\u3001\u6811\u67e5\u627e\u548c\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u5c5e\u4e8e\u9ad8\u6548\u641c\u7d22\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u5feb\u901f\u5b9a\u4f4d\u76ee\u6807\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u6b64\u7c7b\u7b97\u6cd5\u6548\u7387\u9ad8\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u53ef\u8fbe \\(O(\\log n)\\) \u751a\u81f3 \\(O(1)\\) \uff0c\u4f46\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u501f\u52a9\u989d\u5916\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u3002
    • \u5b9e\u9645\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u4f53\u91cf\u3001\u641c\u7d22\u6027\u80fd\u8981\u6c42\u3001\u6570\u636e\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u66f4\u65b0\u9891\u7387\u7b49\u56e0\u7d20\u8fdb\u884c\u5177\u4f53\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u641c\u7d22\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002
    • \u7ebf\u6027\u641c\u7d22\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5c0f\u578b\u6216\u9891\u7e41\u66f4\u65b0\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff1b\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5927\u578b\u3001\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff1b\u54c8\u5e0c\u67e5\u627e\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5bf9\u67e5\u8be2\u6548\u7387\u8981\u6c42\u8f83\u9ad8\u4e14\u65e0\u987b\u8303\u56f4\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff1b\u6811\u67e5\u627e\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u7ef4\u62a4\u987a\u5e8f\u548c\u652f\u6301\u8303\u56f4\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u5927\u578b\u52a8\u6001\u6570\u636e\u3002
    • \u7528\u54c8\u5e0c\u67e5\u627e\u66ff\u6362\u7ebf\u6027\u67e5\u627e\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u4f18\u5316\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u53ef\u5c06\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4ece \\(O(n)\\) \u964d\u81f3 \\(O(1)\\) \u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_sorting/","title":"\u7b2c 11 \u7ae0 \u00a0 \u6392\u5e8f","text":"

    Abstract

    \u6392\u5e8f\u72b9\u5982\u4e00\u628a\u5c06\u6df7\u4e71\u53d8\u4e3a\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u9b54\u6cd5\u94a5\u5319\uff0c\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u4ee5\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u7406\u89e3\u4e0e\u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e\u3002

    \u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5347\u5e8f\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u590d\u6742\u7684\u5206\u7c7b\u6392\u5217\uff0c\u6392\u5e8f\u90fd\u5411\u6211\u4eec\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u7684\u548c\u8c10\u7f8e\u611f\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_sorting/#_1","title":"\u672c\u7ae0\u5185\u5bb9","text":"
    • 11.1 \u00a0 \u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5
    • 11.2 \u00a0 \u9009\u62e9\u6392\u5e8f
    • 11.3 \u00a0 \u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f
    • 11.4 \u00a0 \u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f
    • 11.5 \u00a0 \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f
    • 11.6 \u00a0 \u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f
    • 11.7 \u00a0 \u5806\u6392\u5e8f
    • 11.8 \u00a0 \u6876\u6392\u5e8f
    • 11.9 \u00a0 \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f
    • 11.10 \u00a0 \u57fa\u6570\u6392\u5e8f
    • 11.11 \u00a0 \u5c0f\u7ed3
    "},{"location":"chapter_sorting/bubble_sort/","title":"11.3 \u00a0 \u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f","text":"

    \u300c\u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f bubble sort\u300d\u901a\u8fc7\u8fde\u7eed\u5730\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e0e\u4ea4\u6362\u76f8\u90bb\u5143\u7d20\u5b9e\u73b0\u6392\u5e8f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5c31\u50cf\u6c14\u6ce1\u4ece\u5e95\u90e8\u5347\u5230\u9876\u90e8\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5f97\u540d\u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\u3002

    \u5982\u56fe 11-4 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5192\u6ce1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u64cd\u4f5c\u6765\u6a21\u62df\uff1a\u4ece\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5de6\u7aef\u5f00\u59cb\u5411\u53f3\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u4f9d\u6b21\u6bd4\u8f83\u76f8\u90bb\u5143\u7d20\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u201c\u5de6\u5143\u7d20 > \u53f3\u5143\u7d20\u201d\u5c31\u4ea4\u6362\u4e8c\u8005\u3002\u904d\u5386\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u4f1a\u88ab\u79fb\u52a8\u5230\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef\u3002

    <1><2><3><4><5><6><7>

    \u56fe 11-4 \u00a0 \u5229\u7528\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u64cd\u4f5c\u6a21\u62df\u5192\u6ce1

    "},{"location":"chapter_sorting/bubble_sort/#1131","title":"11.3.1 \u00a0 \u7b97\u6cd5\u6d41\u7a0b","text":"

    \u8bbe\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(n\\) \uff0c\u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\u5982\u56fe 11-5 \u6240\u793a\u3002

    1. \u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5bf9 \\(n\\) \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u6267\u884c\u201c\u5192\u6ce1\u201d\uff0c\u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u6b63\u786e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002
    2. \u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u5bf9\u5269\u4f59 \\(n - 1\\) \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u6267\u884c\u201c\u5192\u6ce1\u201d\uff0c\u5c06\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u6b63\u786e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002
    3. \u4ee5\u6b64\u7c7b\u63a8\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7 \\(n - 1\\) \u8f6e\u201c\u5192\u6ce1\u201d\u540e\uff0c\u524d \\(n - 1\\) \u5927\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u88ab\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u6b63\u786e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002
    4. \u4ec5\u5269\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5fc5\u5b9a\u662f\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u65e0\u987b\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6570\u7ec4\u6392\u5e8f\u5b8c\u6210\u3002

    \u56fe 11-5 \u00a0 \u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\u6d41\u7a0b

    \u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig bubble_sort.py
    def bubble_sort(nums: list[int]):\n    \"\"\"\u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\"\"\"\n    n = len(nums)\n    # \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\n    for i in range(n - 1, 0, -1):\n        # \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef\n        for j in range(i):\n            if nums[j] > nums[j + 1]:\n                # \u4ea4\u6362 nums[j] \u4e0e nums[j + 1]\n                nums[j], nums[j + 1] = nums[j + 1], nums[j]\n
    bubble_sort.cpp
    /* \u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid bubbleSort(vector<int> &nums) {\n    // \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\n    for (int i = nums.size() - 1; i > 0; i--) {\n        // \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef\n        for (int j = 0; j < i; j++) {\n            if (nums[j] > nums[j + 1]) {\n                // \u4ea4\u6362 nums[j] \u4e0e nums[j + 1]\n                // \u8fd9\u91cc\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86 std::swap() \u51fd\u6570\n                swap(nums[j], nums[j + 1]);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    bubble_sort.java
    /* \u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid bubbleSort(int[] nums) {\n    // \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\n    for (int i = nums.length - 1; i > 0; i--) {\n        // \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef\n        for (int j = 0; j < i; j++) {\n            if (nums[j] > nums[j + 1]) {\n                // \u4ea4\u6362 nums[j] \u4e0e nums[j + 1]\n                int tmp = nums[j];\n                nums[j] = nums[j + 1];\n                nums[j + 1] = tmp;\n            }\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    bubble_sort.cs
    /* \u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid BubbleSort(int[] nums) {\n    // \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\n    for (int i = nums.Length - 1; i > 0; i--) {\n        // \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef \n        for (int j = 0; j < i; j++) {\n            if (nums[j] > nums[j + 1]) {\n                // \u4ea4\u6362 nums[j] \u4e0e nums[j + 1]\n                (nums[j + 1], nums[j]) = (nums[j], nums[j + 1]);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    bubble_sort.go
    /* \u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f */\nfunc bubbleSort(nums []int) {\n    // \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\n    for i := len(nums) - 1; i > 0; i-- {\n        // \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef\n        for j := 0; j < i; j++ {\n            if nums[j] > nums[j+1] {\n                // \u4ea4\u6362 nums[j] \u4e0e nums[j + 1]\n                nums[j], nums[j+1] = nums[j+1], nums[j]\n            }\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    bubble_sort.swift
    /* \u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f */\nfunc bubbleSort(nums: inout [Int]) {\n    // \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\n    for i in stride(from: nums.count - 1, to: 0, by: -1) {\n        // \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef \n        for j in stride(from: 0, to: i, by: 1) {\n            if nums[j] > nums[j + 1] {\n                // \u4ea4\u6362 nums[j] \u4e0e nums[j + 1]\n                let tmp = nums[j]\n                nums[j] = nums[j + 1]\n                nums[j + 1] = tmp\n            }\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    bubble_sort.js
    /* \u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f */\nfunction bubbleSort(nums) {\n    // \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\n    for (let i = nums.length - 1; i > 0; i--) {\n        // \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef\n        for (let j = 0; j < i; j++) {\n            if (nums[j] > nums[j + 1]) {\n                // \u4ea4\u6362 nums[j] \u4e0e nums[j + 1]\n                let tmp = nums[j];\n                nums[j] = nums[j + 1];\n                nums[j + 1] = tmp;\n            }\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    bubble_sort.ts
    /* \u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f */\nfunction bubbleSort(nums: number[]): void {\n    // \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\n    for (let i = nums.length - 1; i > 0; i--) {\n        // \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef\n        for (let j = 0; j < i; j++) {\n            if (nums[j] > nums[j + 1]) {\n                // \u4ea4\u6362 nums[j] \u4e0e nums[j + 1]\n                let tmp = nums[j];\n                nums[j] = nums[j + 1];\n                nums[j + 1] = tmp;\n            }\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    bubble_sort.dart
    /* \u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid bubbleSort(List<int> nums) {\n  // \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\n  for (int i = nums.length - 1; i > 0; i--) {\n    // \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef\n    for (int j = 0; j < i; j++) {\n      if (nums[j] > nums[j + 1]) {\n        // \u4ea4\u6362 nums[j] \u4e0e nums[j + 1]\n        int tmp = nums[j];\n        nums[j] = nums[j + 1];\n        nums[j + 1] = tmp;\n      }\n    }\n  }\n}\n
    bubble_sort.rs
    /* \u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f */\nfn bubble_sort(nums: &mut [i32]) {\n    // \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\n    for i in (1..nums.len()).rev() {\n        // \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef \n        for j in 0..i {\n            if nums[j] > nums[j + 1] {\n                // \u4ea4\u6362 nums[j] \u4e0e nums[j + 1]\n                let tmp = nums[j];\n                nums[j] = nums[j + 1];\n                nums[j + 1] = tmp;\n            }\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    bubble_sort.c
    /* \u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid bubbleSort(int nums[], int size) {\n    // \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\n    for (int i = size - 1; i > 0; i--) {\n        // \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef\n        for (int j = 0; j < i; j++) {\n            if (nums[j] > nums[j + 1]) {\n                int temp = nums[j];\n                nums[j] = nums[j + 1];\n                nums[j + 1] = temp;\n            }\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    bubble_sort.zig
    // \u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\nfn bubbleSort(nums: []i32) void {\n    // \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\n    var i: usize = nums.len - 1;\n    while (i > 0) : (i -= 1) {\n        var j: usize = 0;\n        // \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef \n        while (j < i) : (j += 1) {\n            if (nums[j] > nums[j + 1]) {\n                // \u4ea4\u6362 nums[j] \u4e0e nums[j + 1]\n                var tmp = nums[j];\n                nums[j] = nums[j + 1];\n                nums[j + 1] = tmp;\n            }\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_sorting/bubble_sort/#1132","title":"11.3.2 \u00a0 \u6548\u7387\u4f18\u5316","text":"

    \u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u67d0\u8f6e\u201c\u5192\u6ce1\u201d\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u6267\u884c\u4efb\u4f55\u4ea4\u6362\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b8c\u6210\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u53ef\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u589e\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d flag \u6765\u76d1\u6d4b\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u51fa\u73b0\u5c31\u7acb\u5373\u8fd4\u56de\u3002

    \u7ecf\u8fc7\u4f18\u5316\uff0c\u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u6700\u5dee\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u548c\u5e73\u5747\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4ecd\u4e3a \\(O(n^2)\\) \uff1b\u4f46\u5f53\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u7ec4\u5b8c\u5168\u6709\u5e8f\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u4f73\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 \\(O(n)\\) \u3002

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig bubble_sort.py
    def bubble_sort_with_flag(nums: list[int]):\n    \"\"\"\u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u6807\u5fd7\u4f18\u5316\uff09\"\"\"\n    n = len(nums)\n    # \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\n    for i in range(n - 1, 0, -1):\n        flag = False  # \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d\n        # \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef\n        for j in range(i):\n            if nums[j] > nums[j + 1]:\n                # \u4ea4\u6362 nums[j] \u4e0e nums[j + 1]\n                nums[j], nums[j + 1] = nums[j + 1], nums[j]\n                flag = True  # \u8bb0\u5f55\u4ea4\u6362\u5143\u7d20\n        if not flag:\n            break  # \u6b64\u8f6e\u201c\u5192\u6ce1\u201d\u672a\u4ea4\u6362\u4efb\u4f55\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u51fa\n
    bubble_sort.cpp
    /* \u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u6807\u5fd7\u4f18\u5316\uff09*/\nvoid bubbleSortWithFlag(vector<int> &nums) {\n    // \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\n    for (int i = nums.size() - 1; i > 0; i--) {\n        bool flag = false; // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d\n        // \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef\n        for (int j = 0; j < i; j++) {\n            if (nums[j] > nums[j + 1]) {\n                // \u4ea4\u6362 nums[j] \u4e0e nums[j + 1]\n                // \u8fd9\u91cc\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86 std::swap() \u51fd\u6570\n                swap(nums[j], nums[j + 1]);\n                flag = true; // \u8bb0\u5f55\u4ea4\u6362\u5143\u7d20\n            }\n        }\n        if (!flag)\n            break; // \u6b64\u8f6e\u201c\u5192\u6ce1\u201d\u672a\u4ea4\u6362\u4efb\u4f55\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u51fa\n    }\n}\n
    bubble_sort.java
    /* \u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u6807\u5fd7\u4f18\u5316\uff09 */\nvoid bubbleSortWithFlag(int[] nums) {\n    // \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\n    for (int i = nums.length - 1; i > 0; i--) {\n        boolean flag = false; // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d\n        // \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef\n        for (int j = 0; j < i; j++) {\n            if (nums[j] > nums[j + 1]) {\n                // \u4ea4\u6362 nums[j] \u4e0e nums[j + 1]\n                int tmp = nums[j];\n                nums[j] = nums[j + 1];\n                nums[j + 1] = tmp;\n                flag = true; // \u8bb0\u5f55\u4ea4\u6362\u5143\u7d20\n            }\n        }\n        if (!flag)\n            break; // \u6b64\u8f6e\u201c\u5192\u6ce1\u201d\u672a\u4ea4\u6362\u4efb\u4f55\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u51fa\n    }\n}\n
    bubble_sort.cs
    /* \u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u6807\u5fd7\u4f18\u5316\uff09*/\nvoid BubbleSortWithFlag(int[] nums) {\n    // \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\n    for (int i = nums.Length - 1; i > 0; i--) {\n        bool flag = false; // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d\n        // \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef \n        for (int j = 0; j < i; j++) {\n            if (nums[j] > nums[j + 1]) {\n                // \u4ea4\u6362 nums[j] \u4e0e nums[j + 1]\n                (nums[j + 1], nums[j]) = (nums[j], nums[j + 1]);\n                flag = true;  // \u8bb0\u5f55\u4ea4\u6362\u5143\u7d20\n            }\n        }\n        if (!flag) break;     // \u6b64\u8f6e\u201c\u5192\u6ce1\u201d\u672a\u4ea4\u6362\u4efb\u4f55\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u51fa\n    }\n}\n
    bubble_sort.go
    /* \u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u6807\u5fd7\u4f18\u5316\uff09*/\nfunc bubbleSortWithFlag(nums []int) {\n    // \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\n    for i := len(nums) - 1; i > 0; i-- {\n        flag := false // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d\n        // \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef\n        for j := 0; j < i; j++ {\n            if nums[j] > nums[j+1] {\n                // \u4ea4\u6362 nums[j] \u4e0e nums[j + 1]\n                nums[j], nums[j+1] = nums[j+1], nums[j]\n                flag = true // \u8bb0\u5f55\u4ea4\u6362\u5143\u7d20\n            }\n        }\n        if flag == false { // \u6b64\u8f6e\u201c\u5192\u6ce1\u201d\u672a\u4ea4\u6362\u4efb\u4f55\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u51fa\n            break\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    bubble_sort.swift
    /* \u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u6807\u5fd7\u4f18\u5316\uff09*/\nfunc bubbleSortWithFlag(nums: inout [Int]) {\n    // \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\n    for i in stride(from: nums.count - 1, to: 0, by: -1) {\n        var flag = false // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d\n        for j in stride(from: 0, to: i, by: 1) {\n            if nums[j] > nums[j + 1] {\n                // \u4ea4\u6362 nums[j] \u4e0e nums[j + 1]\n                let tmp = nums[j]\n                nums[j] = nums[j + 1]\n                nums[j + 1] = tmp\n                flag = true // \u8bb0\u5f55\u4ea4\u6362\u5143\u7d20\n            }\n        }\n        if !flag { // \u6b64\u8f6e\u201c\u5192\u6ce1\u201d\u672a\u4ea4\u6362\u4efb\u4f55\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u51fa\n            break\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    bubble_sort.js
    /* \u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u6807\u5fd7\u4f18\u5316\uff09*/\nfunction bubbleSortWithFlag(nums) {\n    // \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\n    for (let i = nums.length - 1; i > 0; i--) {\n        let flag = false; // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d\n        // \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef\n        for (let j = 0; j < i; j++) {\n            if (nums[j] > nums[j + 1]) {\n                // \u4ea4\u6362 nums[j] \u4e0e nums[j + 1]\n                let tmp = nums[j];\n                nums[j] = nums[j + 1];\n                nums[j + 1] = tmp;\n                flag = true; // \u8bb0\u5f55\u4ea4\u6362\u5143\u7d20\n            }\n        }\n        if (!flag) break; // \u6b64\u8f6e\u201c\u5192\u6ce1\u201d\u672a\u4ea4\u6362\u4efb\u4f55\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u51fa\n    }\n}\n
    bubble_sort.ts
    /* \u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u6807\u5fd7\u4f18\u5316\uff09*/\nfunction bubbleSortWithFlag(nums: number[]): void {\n    // \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\n    for (let i = nums.length - 1; i > 0; i--) {\n        let flag = false; // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d\n        // \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef\n        for (let j = 0; j < i; j++) {\n            if (nums[j] > nums[j + 1]) {\n                // \u4ea4\u6362 nums[j] \u4e0e nums[j + 1]\n                let tmp = nums[j];\n                nums[j] = nums[j + 1];\n                nums[j + 1] = tmp;\n                flag = true; // \u8bb0\u5f55\u4ea4\u6362\u5143\u7d20\n            }\n        }\n        if (!flag) break; // \u6b64\u8f6e\u201c\u5192\u6ce1\u201d\u672a\u4ea4\u6362\u4efb\u4f55\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u51fa\n    }\n}\n
    bubble_sort.dart
    /* \u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u6807\u5fd7\u4f18\u5316\uff09*/\nvoid bubbleSortWithFlag(List<int> nums) {\n  // \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\n  for (int i = nums.length - 1; i > 0; i--) {\n    bool flag = false; // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d\n    // \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef\n    for (int j = 0; j < i; j++) {\n      if (nums[j] > nums[j + 1]) {\n        // \u4ea4\u6362 nums[j] \u4e0e nums[j + 1]\n        int tmp = nums[j];\n        nums[j] = nums[j + 1];\n        nums[j + 1] = tmp;\n        flag = true; // \u8bb0\u5f55\u4ea4\u6362\u5143\u7d20\n      }\n    }\n    if (!flag) break; // \u6b64\u8f6e\u201c\u5192\u6ce1\u201d\u672a\u4ea4\u6362\u4efb\u4f55\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u51fa\n  }\n}\n
    bubble_sort.rs
    /* \u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u6807\u5fd7\u4f18\u5316\uff09 */\nfn bubble_sort_with_flag(nums: &mut [i32]) {\n    // \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\n    for i in (1..nums.len()).rev() {\n        let mut flag = false; // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d\n        // \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef \n        for j in 0..i {\n            if nums[j] > nums[j + 1] {\n                // \u4ea4\u6362 nums[j] \u4e0e nums[j + 1]\n                let tmp = nums[j];\n                nums[j] = nums[j + 1];\n                nums[j + 1] = tmp;\n                flag = true;  // \u8bb0\u5f55\u4ea4\u6362\u5143\u7d20\n            }\n        }\n        if !flag {break};  // \u6b64\u8f6e\u201c\u5192\u6ce1\u201d\u672a\u4ea4\u6362\u4efb\u4f55\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u51fa\n    }\n}\n
    bubble_sort.c
    /* \u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u6807\u5fd7\u4f18\u5316\uff09*/\nvoid bubbleSortWithFlag(int nums[], int size) {\n    // \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\n    for (int i = size - 1; i > 0; i--) {\n        bool flag = false;\n        // \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef\n        for (int j = 0; j < i; j++) {\n            if (nums[j] > nums[j + 1]) {\n                int temp = nums[j];\n                nums[j] = nums[j + 1];\n                nums[j + 1] = temp;\n                flag = true;\n            }\n        }\n        if (!flag)\n            break;\n    }\n}\n
    bubble_sort.zig
    // \u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u6807\u5fd7\u4f18\u5316\uff09\nfn bubbleSortWithFlag(nums: []i32) void {\n    // \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\n    var i: usize = nums.len - 1;\n    while (i > 0) : (i -= 1) {\n        var flag = false;   // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d\n        var j: usize = 0;\n        // \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i] \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u8be5\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u53f3\u7aef \n        while (j < i) : (j += 1) {\n            if (nums[j] > nums[j + 1]) {\n                // \u4ea4\u6362 nums[j] \u4e0e nums[j + 1]\n                var tmp = nums[j];\n                nums[j] = nums[j + 1];\n                nums[j + 1] = tmp;\n                flag = true;\n            }\n        }\n        if (!flag) break;   // \u6b64\u8f6e\u201c\u5192\u6ce1\u201d\u672a\u4ea4\u6362\u4efb\u4f55\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u51fa\n    }\n}\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_sorting/bubble_sort/#1133","title":"11.3.3 \u00a0 \u7b97\u6cd5\u7279\u6027","text":"
    • \u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n^2)\\)\u3001\u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u6392\u5e8f\uff1a\u5404\u8f6e\u201c\u5192\u6ce1\u201d\u904d\u5386\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4f9d\u6b21\u4e3a \\(n - 1\\)\u3001\\(n - 2\\)\u3001\\(\\dots\\)\u3001\\(2\\)\u3001\\(1\\) \uff0c\u603b\u548c\u4e3a \\((n - 1) n / 2\\) \u3002\u5728\u5f15\u5165 flag \u4f18\u5316\u540e\uff0c\u6700\u4f73\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u53ef\u8fbe\u5230 \\(O(n)\\) \u3002
    • \u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(1)\\)\u3001\u539f\u5730\u6392\u5e8f\uff1a\u6307\u9488 \\(i\\) \u548c \\(j\\) \u4f7f\u7528\u5e38\u6570\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u989d\u5916\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002
    • \u7a33\u5b9a\u6392\u5e8f\uff1a\u7531\u4e8e\u5728\u201c\u5192\u6ce1\u201d\u4e2d\u9047\u5230\u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\u4e0d\u4ea4\u6362\u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_sorting/bucket_sort/","title":"11.8 \u00a0 \u6876\u6392\u5e8f","text":"

    \u524d\u8ff0\u51e0\u79cd\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u90fd\u5c5e\u4e8e\u201c\u57fa\u4e8e\u6bd4\u8f83\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u201d\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u6bd4\u8f83\u5143\u7d20\u95f4\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u6392\u5e8f\u3002\u6b64\u7c7b\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u65e0\u6cd5\u8d85\u8d8a \\(O(n \\log n)\\) \u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u63a2\u8ba8\u51e0\u79cd\u201c\u975e\u6bd4\u8f83\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u201d\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fbe\u5230\u7ebf\u6027\u9636\u3002

    \u300c\u6876\u6392\u5e8f bucket sort\u300d\u662f\u5206\u6cbb\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5178\u578b\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u5b83\u901a\u8fc7\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e00\u4e9b\u5177\u6709\u5927\u5c0f\u987a\u5e8f\u7684\u6876\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6876\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5e73\u5747\u5206\u914d\u5230\u5404\u4e2a\u6876\u4e2d\uff1b\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6876\u5185\u90e8\u5206\u522b\u6267\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\uff1b\u6700\u7ec8\u6309\u7167\u6876\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u6570\u636e\u5408\u5e76\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_sorting/bucket_sort/#1181","title":"11.8.1 \u00a0 \u7b97\u6cd5\u6d41\u7a0b","text":"

    \u8003\u8651\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(n\\) \u7684\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5176\u5143\u7d20\u662f\u8303\u56f4 \\([0, 1)\\) \u5185\u7684\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570\u3002\u6876\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u6d41\u7a0b\u5982\u56fe 11-13 \u6240\u793a\u3002

    1. \u521d\u59cb\u5316 \\(k\\) \u4e2a\u6876\uff0c\u5c06 \\(n\\) \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5206\u914d\u5230 \\(k\\) \u4e2a\u6876\u4e2d\u3002
    2. \u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6876\u5206\u522b\u6267\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u8fd9\u91cc\u91c7\u7528\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u5185\u7f6e\u6392\u5e8f\u51fd\u6570\uff09\u3002
    3. \u6309\u7167\u6876\u4ece\u5c0f\u5230\u5927\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u5408\u5e76\u7ed3\u679c\u3002

    \u56fe 11-13 \u00a0 \u6876\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u6d41\u7a0b

    \u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig bucket_sort.py
    def bucket_sort(nums: list[float]):\n    \"\"\"\u6876\u6392\u5e8f\"\"\"\n    # \u521d\u59cb\u5316 k = n/2 \u4e2a\u6876\uff0c\u9884\u671f\u5411\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6876\u5206\u914d 2 \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\n    k = len(nums) // 2\n    buckets = [[] for _ in range(k)]\n    # 1. \u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u5206\u914d\u5230\u5404\u4e2a\u6876\u4e2d\n    for num in nums:\n        # \u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u8303\u56f4\u4e3a [0, 1)\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 num * k \u6620\u5c04\u5230\u7d22\u5f15\u8303\u56f4 [0, k-1]\n        i = int(num * k)\n        # \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fdb\u6876 i\n        buckets[i].append(num)\n    # 2. \u5bf9\u5404\u4e2a\u6876\u6267\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\n    for bucket in buckets:\n        # \u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u7f6e\u6392\u5e8f\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u66ff\u6362\u6210\u5176\u4ed6\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\n        bucket.sort()\n    # 3. \u904d\u5386\u6876\u5408\u5e76\u7ed3\u679c\n    i = 0\n    for bucket in buckets:\n        for num in bucket:\n            nums[i] = num\n            i += 1\n
    bucket_sort.cpp
    /* \u6876\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid bucketSort(vector<float> &nums) {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 k = n/2 \u4e2a\u6876\uff0c\u9884\u671f\u5411\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6876\u5206\u914d 2 \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\n    int k = nums.size() / 2;\n    vector<vector<float>> buckets(k);\n    // 1. \u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u5206\u914d\u5230\u5404\u4e2a\u6876\u4e2d\n    for (float num : nums) {\n        // \u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u8303\u56f4\u4e3a [0, 1)\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 num * k \u6620\u5c04\u5230\u7d22\u5f15\u8303\u56f4 [0, k-1]\n        int i = num * k;\n        // \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fdb\u6876 bucket_idx\n        buckets[i].push_back(num);\n    }\n    // 2. \u5bf9\u5404\u4e2a\u6876\u6267\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\n    for (vector<float> &bucket : buckets) {\n        // \u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u7f6e\u6392\u5e8f\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u66ff\u6362\u6210\u5176\u4ed6\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\n        sort(bucket.begin(), bucket.end());\n    }\n    // 3. \u904d\u5386\u6876\u5408\u5e76\u7ed3\u679c\n    int i = 0;\n    for (vector<float> &bucket : buckets) {\n        for (float num : bucket) {\n            nums[i++] = num;\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    bucket_sort.java
    /* \u6876\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid bucketSort(float[] nums) {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 k = n/2 \u4e2a\u6876\uff0c\u9884\u671f\u5411\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6876\u5206\u914d 2 \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\n    int k = nums.length / 2;\n    List<List<Float>> buckets = new ArrayList<>();\n    for (int i = 0; i < k; i++) {\n        buckets.add(new ArrayList<>());\n    }\n    // 1. \u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u5206\u914d\u5230\u5404\u4e2a\u6876\u4e2d\n    for (float num : nums) {\n        // \u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u8303\u56f4\u4e3a [0, 1)\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 num * k \u6620\u5c04\u5230\u7d22\u5f15\u8303\u56f4 [0, k-1]\n        int i = (int) (num * k);\n        // \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fdb\u6876 i\n        buckets.get(i).add(num);\n    }\n    // 2. \u5bf9\u5404\u4e2a\u6876\u6267\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\n    for (List<Float> bucket : buckets) {\n        // \u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u7f6e\u6392\u5e8f\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u66ff\u6362\u6210\u5176\u4ed6\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\n        Collections.sort(bucket);\n    }\n    // 3. \u904d\u5386\u6876\u5408\u5e76\u7ed3\u679c\n    int i = 0;\n    for (List<Float> bucket : buckets) {\n        for (float num : bucket) {\n            nums[i++] = num;\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    bucket_sort.cs
    /* \u6876\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid BucketSort(float[] nums) {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 k = n/2 \u4e2a\u6876\uff0c\u9884\u671f\u5411\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6876\u5206\u914d 2 \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\n    int k = nums.Length / 2;\n    List<List<float>> buckets = [];\n    for (int i = 0; i < k; i++) {\n        buckets.Add([]);\n    }\n    // 1. \u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u5206\u914d\u5230\u5404\u4e2a\u6876\u4e2d\n    foreach (float num in nums) {\n        // \u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u8303\u56f4\u4e3a [0, 1)\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 num * k \u6620\u5c04\u5230\u7d22\u5f15\u8303\u56f4 [0, k-1]\n        int i = (int)(num * k);\n        // \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fdb\u6876 i\n        buckets[i].Add(num);\n    }\n    // 2. \u5bf9\u5404\u4e2a\u6876\u6267\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\n    foreach (List<float> bucket in buckets) {\n        // \u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u7f6e\u6392\u5e8f\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u66ff\u6362\u6210\u5176\u4ed6\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\n        bucket.Sort();\n    }\n    // 3. \u904d\u5386\u6876\u5408\u5e76\u7ed3\u679c\n    int j = 0;\n    foreach (List<float> bucket in buckets) {\n        foreach (float num in bucket) {\n            nums[j++] = num;\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    bucket_sort.go
    /* \u6876\u6392\u5e8f */\nfunc bucketSort(nums []float64) {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 k = n/2 \u4e2a\u6876\uff0c\u9884\u671f\u5411\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6876\u5206\u914d 2 \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\n    k := len(nums) / 2\n    buckets := make([][]float64, k)\n    for i := 0; i < k; i++ {\n        buckets[i] = make([]float64, 0)\n    }\n    // 1. \u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u5206\u914d\u5230\u5404\u4e2a\u6876\u4e2d\n    for _, num := range nums {\n        // \u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u8303\u56f4\u4e3a [0, 1)\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 num * k \u6620\u5c04\u5230\u7d22\u5f15\u8303\u56f4 [0, k-1]\n        i := int(num * float64(k))\n        // \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fdb\u6876 i\n        buckets[i] = append(buckets[i], num)\n    }\n    // 2. \u5bf9\u5404\u4e2a\u6876\u6267\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\n    for i := 0; i < k; i++ {\n        // \u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u7f6e\u5207\u7247\u6392\u5e8f\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u66ff\u6362\u6210\u5176\u4ed6\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\n        sort.Float64s(buckets[i])\n    }\n    // 3. \u904d\u5386\u6876\u5408\u5e76\u7ed3\u679c\n    i := 0\n    for _, bucket := range buckets {\n        for _, num := range bucket {\n            nums[i] = num\n            i++\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    bucket_sort.swift
    /* \u6876\u6392\u5e8f */\nfunc bucketSort(nums: inout [Double]) {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 k = n/2 \u4e2a\u6876\uff0c\u9884\u671f\u5411\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6876\u5206\u914d 2 \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\n    let k = nums.count / 2\n    var buckets = (0 ..< k).map { _ in [Double]() }\n    // 1. \u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u5206\u914d\u5230\u5404\u4e2a\u6876\u4e2d\n    for num in nums {\n        // \u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u8303\u56f4\u4e3a [0, 1)\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 num * k \u6620\u5c04\u5230\u7d22\u5f15\u8303\u56f4 [0, k-1]\n        let i = Int(num * Double(k))\n        // \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fdb\u6876 i\n        buckets[i].append(num)\n    }\n    // 2. \u5bf9\u5404\u4e2a\u6876\u6267\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\n    for i in buckets.indices {\n        // \u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u7f6e\u6392\u5e8f\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u66ff\u6362\u6210\u5176\u4ed6\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\n        buckets[i].sort()\n    }\n    // 3. \u904d\u5386\u6876\u5408\u5e76\u7ed3\u679c\n    var i = nums.startIndex\n    for bucket in buckets {\n        for num in bucket {\n            nums[i] = num\n            nums.formIndex(after: &i)\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    bucket_sort.js
    /* \u6876\u6392\u5e8f */\nfunction bucketSort(nums) {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 k = n/2 \u4e2a\u6876\uff0c\u9884\u671f\u5411\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6876\u5206\u914d 2 \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\n    const k = nums.length / 2;\n    const buckets = [];\n    for (let i = 0; i < k; i++) {\n        buckets.push([]);\n    }\n    // 1. \u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u5206\u914d\u5230\u5404\u4e2a\u6876\u4e2d\n    for (const num of nums) {\n        // \u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u8303\u56f4\u4e3a [0, 1)\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 num * k \u6620\u5c04\u5230\u7d22\u5f15\u8303\u56f4 [0, k-1]\n        const i = Math.floor(num * k);\n        // \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fdb\u6876 i\n        buckets[i].push(num);\n    }\n    // 2. \u5bf9\u5404\u4e2a\u6876\u6267\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\n    for (const bucket of buckets) {\n        // \u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u7f6e\u6392\u5e8f\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u66ff\u6362\u6210\u5176\u4ed6\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\n        bucket.sort((a, b) => a - b);\n    }\n    // 3. \u904d\u5386\u6876\u5408\u5e76\u7ed3\u679c\n    let i = 0;\n    for (const bucket of buckets) {\n        for (const num of bucket) {\n            nums[i++] = num;\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    bucket_sort.ts
    /* \u6876\u6392\u5e8f */\nfunction bucketSort(nums: number[]): void {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 k = n/2 \u4e2a\u6876\uff0c\u9884\u671f\u5411\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6876\u5206\u914d 2 \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\n    const k = nums.length / 2;\n    const buckets: number[][] = [];\n    for (let i = 0; i < k; i++) {\n        buckets.push([]);\n    }\n    // 1. \u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u5206\u914d\u5230\u5404\u4e2a\u6876\u4e2d\n    for (const num of nums) {\n        // \u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u8303\u56f4\u4e3a [0, 1)\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 num * k \u6620\u5c04\u5230\u7d22\u5f15\u8303\u56f4 [0, k-1]\n        const i = Math.floor(num * k);\n        // \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fdb\u6876 i\n        buckets[i].push(num);\n    }\n    // 2. \u5bf9\u5404\u4e2a\u6876\u6267\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\n    for (const bucket of buckets) {\n        // \u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u7f6e\u6392\u5e8f\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u66ff\u6362\u6210\u5176\u4ed6\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\n        bucket.sort((a, b) => a - b);\n    }\n    // 3. \u904d\u5386\u6876\u5408\u5e76\u7ed3\u679c\n    let i = 0;\n    for (const bucket of buckets) {\n        for (const num of bucket) {\n            nums[i++] = num;\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    bucket_sort.dart
    /* \u6876\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid bucketSort(List<double> nums) {\n  // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 k = n/2 \u4e2a\u6876\uff0c\u9884\u671f\u5411\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6876\u5206\u914d 2 \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\n  int k = nums.length ~/ 2;\n  List<List<double>> buckets = List.generate(k, (index) => []);\n\n  // 1. \u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u5206\u914d\u5230\u5404\u4e2a\u6876\u4e2d\n  for (double _num in nums) {\n    // \u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u8303\u56f4\u4e3a [0, 1)\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 _num * k \u6620\u5c04\u5230\u7d22\u5f15\u8303\u56f4 [0, k-1]\n    int i = (_num * k).toInt();\n    // \u5c06 _num \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fdb\u6876 bucket_idx\n    buckets[i].add(_num);\n  }\n  // 2. \u5bf9\u5404\u4e2a\u6876\u6267\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\n  for (List<double> bucket in buckets) {\n    bucket.sort();\n  }\n  // 3. \u904d\u5386\u6876\u5408\u5e76\u7ed3\u679c\n  int i = 0;\n  for (List<double> bucket in buckets) {\n    for (double _num in bucket) {\n      nums[i++] = _num;\n    }\n  }\n}\n
    bucket_sort.rs
    /* \u6876\u6392\u5e8f */\nfn bucket_sort(nums: &mut [f64]) {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 k = n/2 \u4e2a\u6876\uff0c\u9884\u671f\u5411\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6876\u5206\u914d 2 \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\n    let k = nums.len() / 2;\n    let mut buckets = vec![vec![]; k];\n    // 1. \u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u5206\u914d\u5230\u5404\u4e2a\u6876\u4e2d\n    for &mut num in &mut *nums {\n        // \u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u8303\u56f4\u4e3a [0, 1)\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 num * k \u6620\u5c04\u5230\u7d22\u5f15\u8303\u56f4 [0, k-1]\n        let i = (num * k as f64) as usize;\n        // \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fdb\u6876 i\n        buckets[i].push(num);\n    }\n    // 2. \u5bf9\u5404\u4e2a\u6876\u6267\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\n    for bucket in &mut buckets {\n        // \u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u7f6e\u6392\u5e8f\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u66ff\u6362\u6210\u5176\u4ed6\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\n        bucket.sort_by(|a, b| a.partial_cmp(b).unwrap());\n    }\n    // 3. \u904d\u5386\u6876\u5408\u5e76\u7ed3\u679c\n    let mut i = 0;\n    for bucket in &mut buckets {\n        for &mut num in bucket {\n            nums[i] = num;\n            i += 1;\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    bucket_sort.c
    /* \u6876\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid bucketSort(float nums[], int size) {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316 k = n/2 \u4e2a\u6876\uff0c\u9884\u671f\u5411\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6876\u5206\u914d 2 \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\n    int k = size / 2;\n    float **buckets = calloc(k, sizeof(float *));\n    for (int i = 0; i < k; i++) {\n        // \u6bcf\u4e2a\u6876\u6700\u591a\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u914d k \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\n        buckets[i] = calloc(ARRAY_SIZE, sizeof(float));\n    }\n\n    // 1. \u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u5206\u914d\u5230\u5404\u4e2a\u6876\u4e2d\n    for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {\n        // \u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u8303\u56f4\u4e3a [0, 1)\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 num * k \u6620\u5c04\u5230\u7d22\u5f15\u8303\u56f4 [0, k-1]\n        int bucket_idx = nums[i] * k;\n        int j = 0;\n        // \u5982\u679c\u6876\u4e2d\u6709\u6570\u636e\u4e14\u6570\u636e\u5c0f\u4e8e\u5f53\u524d\u503c nums[i], \u8981\u5c06\u5176\u653e\u5230\u5f53\u524d\u6876\u7684\u540e\u9762\uff0c\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e cpp \u4e2d\u7684 push_back\n        while (buckets[bucket_idx][j] > 0 && buckets[bucket_idx][j] < nums[i]) {\n            j++;\n        }\n        float temp = nums[i];\n        while (j < ARRAY_SIZE && buckets[bucket_idx][j] > 0) {\n            swap(&temp, &buckets[bucket_idx][j]);\n            j++;\n        }\n        buckets[bucket_idx][j] = temp;\n    }\n\n    // 2. \u5bf9\u5404\u4e2a\u6876\u6267\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\n    for (int i = 0; i < k; i++) {\n        qsort(buckets[i], ARRAY_SIZE, sizeof(float), compare_float);\n    }\n\n    // 3. \u904d\u5386\u6876\u5408\u5e76\u7ed3\u679c\n    for (int i = 0, j = 0; j < k; j++) {\n        for (int l = 0; l < ARRAY_SIZE; l++) {\n            if (buckets[j][l] > 0) {\n                nums[i++] = buckets[j][l];\n            }\n        }\n    }\n\n    // \u91ca\u653e\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5206\u914d\u7684\u5185\u5b58\n    for (int i = 0; i < k; i++) {\n        free(buckets[i]);\n    }\n    free(buckets);\n}\n
    bucket_sort.zig
    [class]{}-[func]{bucketSort}\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_sorting/bucket_sort/#1182","title":"11.8.2 \u00a0 \u7b97\u6cd5\u7279\u6027","text":"

    \u6876\u6392\u5e8f\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5904\u7406\u4f53\u91cf\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5305\u542b 100 \u4e07\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u7a7a\u95f4\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u5b58\u65e0\u6cd5\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u52a0\u8f7d\u6240\u6709\u6570\u636e\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6210 1000 \u4e2a\u6876\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5206\u522b\u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6876\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u5c06\u7ed3\u679c\u5408\u5e76\u3002

    • \u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n + k)\\) \uff1a\u5047\u8bbe\u5143\u7d20\u5728\u5404\u4e2a\u6876\u5185\u5e73\u5747\u5206\u5e03\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6876\u5185\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u4e3a \\(\\frac{n}{k}\\) \u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u6392\u5e8f\u5355\u4e2a\u6876\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(\\frac{n}{k} \\log\\frac{n}{k})\\) \u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u5219\u6392\u5e8f\u6240\u6709\u6876\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(n \\log\\frac{n}{k})\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u5f53\u6876\u6570\u91cf \\(k\\) \u6bd4\u8f83\u5927\u65f6\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5219\u8d8b\u5411\u4e8e \\(O(n)\\) \u3002\u5408\u5e76\u7ed3\u679c\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u6876\u548c\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u82b1\u8d39 \\(O(n + k)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u3002
    • \u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u6392\u5e8f\uff1a\u5728\u6700\u5dee\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u6570\u636e\u88ab\u5206\u914d\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6876\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e14\u6392\u5e8f\u8be5\u6876\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(n^2)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u3002
    • \u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n + k)\\)\u3001\u975e\u539f\u5730\u6392\u5e8f\uff1a\u9700\u8981\u501f\u52a9 \\(k\\) \u4e2a\u6876\u548c\u603b\u5171 \\(n\\) \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u989d\u5916\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002
    • \u6876\u6392\u5e8f\u662f\u5426\u7a33\u5b9a\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u6392\u5e8f\u6876\u5185\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u662f\u5426\u7a33\u5b9a\u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_sorting/bucket_sort/#1183","title":"11.8.3 \u00a0 \u5982\u4f55\u5b9e\u73b0\u5e73\u5747\u5206\u914d","text":"

    \u6876\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fbe\u5230 \\(O(n)\\) \uff0c\u5173\u952e\u5728\u4e8e\u5c06\u5143\u7d20\u5747\u5300\u5206\u914d\u5230\u5404\u4e2a\u6876\u4e2d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b9e\u9645\u6570\u636e\u5f80\u5f80\u4e0d\u662f\u5747\u5300\u5206\u5e03\u7684\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u8981\u5c06\u6dd8\u5b9d\u4e0a\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5546\u54c1\u6309\u4ef7\u683c\u8303\u56f4\u5e73\u5747\u5206\u914d\u5230 10 \u4e2a\u6876\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f46\u5546\u54c1\u4ef7\u683c\u5206\u5e03\u4e0d\u5747\uff0c\u4f4e\u4e8e 100 \u5143\u7684\u975e\u5e38\u591a\uff0c\u9ad8\u4e8e 1000 \u5143\u7684\u975e\u5e38\u5c11\u3002\u82e5\u5c06\u4ef7\u683c\u533a\u95f4\u5e73\u5747\u5212\u5206\u4e3a 10 \u4e2a\uff0c\u5404\u4e2a\u6876\u4e2d\u7684\u5546\u54c1\u6570\u91cf\u5dee\u8ddd\u4f1a\u975e\u5e38\u5927\u3002

    \u4e3a\u5b9e\u73b0\u5e73\u5747\u5206\u914d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5148\u8bbe\u5b9a\u4e00\u6761\u5927\u81f4\u7684\u5206\u754c\u7ebf\uff0c\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u7c97\u7565\u5730\u5206\u5230 3 \u4e2a\u6876\u4e2d\u3002\u5206\u914d\u5b8c\u6bd5\u540e\uff0c\u518d\u5c06\u5546\u54c1\u8f83\u591a\u7684\u6876\u7ee7\u7eed\u5212\u5206\u4e3a 3 \u4e2a\u6876\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u6240\u6709\u6876\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u5927\u81f4\u76f8\u7b49\u3002

    \u5982\u56fe 11-14 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u68f5\u9012\u5f52\u6811\uff0c\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u8ba9\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u503c\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u5e73\u5747\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u6bcf\u8f6e\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5212\u5206\u4e3a 3 \u4e2a\u6876\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u5212\u5206\u65b9\u5f0f\u53ef\u6839\u636e\u6570\u636e\u7279\u70b9\u7075\u6d3b\u9009\u62e9\u3002

    \u56fe 11-14 \u00a0 \u9012\u5f52\u5212\u5206\u6876

    \u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u524d\u77e5\u9053\u5546\u54c1\u4ef7\u683c\u7684\u6982\u7387\u5206\u5e03\uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u6570\u636e\u6982\u7387\u5206\u5e03\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6876\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u5206\u754c\u7ebf\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u5206\u5e03\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u9700\u8981\u7279\u610f\u7edf\u8ba1\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u6570\u636e\u7279\u70b9\u91c7\u7528\u67d0\u79cd\u6982\u7387\u6a21\u578b\u8fdb\u884c\u8fd1\u4f3c\u3002

    \u5982\u56fe 11-15 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5047\u8bbe\u5546\u54c1\u4ef7\u683c\u670d\u4ece\u6b63\u6001\u5206\u5e03\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5408\u7406\u5730\u8bbe\u5b9a\u4ef7\u683c\u533a\u95f4\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5c06\u5546\u54c1\u5e73\u5747\u5206\u914d\u5230\u5404\u4e2a\u6876\u4e2d\u3002

    \u56fe 11-15 \u00a0 \u6839\u636e\u6982\u7387\u5206\u5e03\u5212\u5206\u6876

    "},{"location":"chapter_sorting/counting_sort/","title":"11.9 \u00a0 \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f","text":"

    \u300c\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f counting sort\u300d\u901a\u8fc7\u7edf\u8ba1\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u6574\u6570\u6570\u7ec4\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_sorting/counting_sort/#1191","title":"11.9.1 \u00a0 \u7b80\u5355\u5b9e\u73b0","text":"

    \u5148\u6765\u770b\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(n\\) \u7684\u6570\u7ec4 nums \uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u662f\u201c\u975e\u8d1f\u6574\u6570\u201d\uff0c\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u6d41\u7a0b\u5982\u56fe 11-16 \u6240\u793a\u3002

    1. \u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u627e\u51fa\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u6570\u5b57\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a \\(m\\) \uff0c\u7136\u540e\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(m + 1\\) \u7684\u8f85\u52a9\u6570\u7ec4 counter \u3002
    2. \u501f\u52a9 counter \u7edf\u8ba1 nums \u4e2d\u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d counter[num] \u5bf9\u5e94\u6570\u5b57 num \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\u3002\u7edf\u8ba1\u65b9\u6cd5\u5f88\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u904d\u5386 nums\uff08\u8bbe\u5f53\u524d\u6570\u5b57\u4e3a num\uff09\uff0c\u6bcf\u8f6e\u5c06 counter[num] \u589e\u52a0 \\(1\\) \u5373\u53ef\u3002
    3. \u7531\u4e8e counter \u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u7d22\u5f15\u5929\u7136\u6709\u5e8f\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u6240\u6709\u6570\u5b57\u5df2\u7ecf\u6392\u5e8f\u597d\u4e86\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u904d\u5386 counter \uff0c\u6839\u636e\u5404\u6570\u5b57\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\u4ece\u5c0f\u5230\u5927\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u586b\u5165 nums \u5373\u53ef\u3002

    \u56fe 11-16 \u00a0 \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u6d41\u7a0b

    \u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig counting_sort.py
    def counting_sort_naive(nums: list[int]):\n    \"\"\"\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\"\"\"\n    # \u7b80\u5355\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u7528\u4e8e\u6392\u5e8f\u5bf9\u8c61\n    # 1. \u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20 m\n    m = 0\n    for num in nums:\n        m = max(m, num)\n    # 2. \u7edf\u8ba1\u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n    # counter[num] \u4ee3\u8868 num \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n    counter = [0] * (m + 1)\n    for num in nums:\n        counter[num] += 1\n    # 3. \u904d\u5386 counter \uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums\n    i = 0\n    for num in range(m + 1):\n        for _ in range(counter[num]):\n            nums[i] = num\n            i += 1\n
    counting_sort.cpp
    /* \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f */\n// \u7b80\u5355\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u7528\u4e8e\u6392\u5e8f\u5bf9\u8c61\nvoid countingSortNaive(vector<int> &nums) {\n    // 1. \u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20 m\n    int m = 0;\n    for (int num : nums) {\n        m = max(m, num);\n    }\n    // 2. \u7edf\u8ba1\u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n    // counter[num] \u4ee3\u8868 num \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n    vector<int> counter(m + 1, 0);\n    for (int num : nums) {\n        counter[num]++;\n    }\n    // 3. \u904d\u5386 counter \uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums\n    int i = 0;\n    for (int num = 0; num < m + 1; num++) {\n        for (int j = 0; j < counter[num]; j++, i++) {\n            nums[i] = num;\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    counting_sort.java
    /* \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f */\n// \u7b80\u5355\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u7528\u4e8e\u6392\u5e8f\u5bf9\u8c61\nvoid countingSortNaive(int[] nums) {\n    // 1. \u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20 m\n    int m = 0;\n    for (int num : nums) {\n        m = Math.max(m, num);\n    }\n    // 2. \u7edf\u8ba1\u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n    // counter[num] \u4ee3\u8868 num \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n    int[] counter = new int[m + 1];\n    for (int num : nums) {\n        counter[num]++;\n    }\n    // 3. \u904d\u5386 counter \uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums\n    int i = 0;\n    for (int num = 0; num < m + 1; num++) {\n        for (int j = 0; j < counter[num]; j++, i++) {\n            nums[i] = num;\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    counting_sort.cs
    /* \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f */\n// \u7b80\u5355\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u7528\u4e8e\u6392\u5e8f\u5bf9\u8c61\nvoid CountingSortNaive(int[] nums) {\n    // 1. \u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20 m\n    int m = 0;\n    foreach (int num in nums) {\n        m = Math.Max(m, num);\n    }\n    // 2. \u7edf\u8ba1\u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n    // counter[num] \u4ee3\u8868 num \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n    int[] counter = new int[m + 1];\n    foreach (int num in nums) {\n        counter[num]++;\n    }\n    // 3. \u904d\u5386 counter \uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums\n    int i = 0;\n    for (int num = 0; num < m + 1; num++) {\n        for (int j = 0; j < counter[num]; j++, i++) {\n            nums[i] = num;\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    counting_sort.go
    /* \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f */\n// \u7b80\u5355\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u7528\u4e8e\u6392\u5e8f\u5bf9\u8c61\nfunc countingSortNaive(nums []int) {\n    // 1. \u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20 m\n    m := 0\n    for _, num := range nums {\n        if num > m {\n            m = num\n        }\n    }\n    // 2. \u7edf\u8ba1\u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n    // counter[num] \u4ee3\u8868 num \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n    counter := make([]int, m+1)\n    for _, num := range nums {\n        counter[num]++\n    }\n    // 3. \u904d\u5386 counter \uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums\n    for i, num := 0, 0; num < m+1; num++ {\n        for j := 0; j < counter[num]; j++ {\n            nums[i] = num\n            i++\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    counting_sort.swift
    /* \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f */\n// \u7b80\u5355\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u7528\u4e8e\u6392\u5e8f\u5bf9\u8c61\nfunc countingSortNaive(nums: inout [Int]) {\n    // 1. \u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20 m\n    let m = nums.max()!\n    // 2. \u7edf\u8ba1\u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n    // counter[num] \u4ee3\u8868 num \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n    var counter = Array(repeating: 0, count: m + 1)\n    for num in nums {\n        counter[num] += 1\n    }\n    // 3. \u904d\u5386 counter \uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums\n    var i = 0\n    for num in stride(from: 0, to: m + 1, by: 1) {\n        for _ in stride(from: 0, to: counter[num], by: 1) {\n            nums[i] = num\n            i += 1\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    counting_sort.js
    /* \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f */\n// \u7b80\u5355\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u7528\u4e8e\u6392\u5e8f\u5bf9\u8c61\nfunction countingSortNaive(nums) {\n    // 1. \u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20 m\n    let m = 0;\n    for (const num of nums) {\n        m = Math.max(m, num);\n    }\n    // 2. \u7edf\u8ba1\u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n    // counter[num] \u4ee3\u8868 num \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n    const counter = new Array(m + 1).fill(0);\n    for (const num of nums) {\n        counter[num]++;\n    }\n    // 3. \u904d\u5386 counter \uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums\n    let i = 0;\n    for (let num = 0; num < m + 1; num++) {\n        for (let j = 0; j < counter[num]; j++, i++) {\n            nums[i] = num;\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    counting_sort.ts
    /* \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f */\n// \u7b80\u5355\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u7528\u4e8e\u6392\u5e8f\u5bf9\u8c61\nfunction countingSortNaive(nums: number[]): void {\n    // 1. \u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20 m\n    let m = 0;\n    for (const num of nums) {\n        m = Math.max(m, num);\n    }\n    // 2. \u7edf\u8ba1\u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n    // counter[num] \u4ee3\u8868 num \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n    const counter: number[] = new Array<number>(m + 1).fill(0);\n    for (const num of nums) {\n        counter[num]++;\n    }\n    // 3. \u904d\u5386 counter \uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums\n    let i = 0;\n    for (let num = 0; num < m + 1; num++) {\n        for (let j = 0; j < counter[num]; j++, i++) {\n            nums[i] = num;\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    counting_sort.dart
    /* \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f */\n// \u7b80\u5355\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u7528\u4e8e\u6392\u5e8f\u5bf9\u8c61\nvoid countingSortNaive(List<int> nums) {\n  // 1. \u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20 m\n  int m = 0;\n  for (int _num in nums) {\n    m = max(m, _num);\n  }\n  // 2. \u7edf\u8ba1\u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n  // counter[_num] \u4ee3\u8868 _num \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n  List<int> counter = List.filled(m + 1, 0);\n  for (int _num in nums) {\n    counter[_num]++;\n  }\n  // 3. \u904d\u5386 counter \uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums\n  int i = 0;\n  for (int _num = 0; _num < m + 1; _num++) {\n    for (int j = 0; j < counter[_num]; j++, i++) {\n      nums[i] = _num;\n    }\n  }\n}\n
    counting_sort.rs
    /* \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f */\n// \u7b80\u5355\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u7528\u4e8e\u6392\u5e8f\u5bf9\u8c61\nfn counting_sort_naive(nums: &mut [i32]) {\n    // 1. \u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20 m\n    let m = *nums.into_iter().max().unwrap();\n    // 2. \u7edf\u8ba1\u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n    // counter[num] \u4ee3\u8868 num \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n    let mut counter = vec![0; m as usize + 1];\n    for &num in &*nums {\n        counter[num as usize] += 1;\n    }\n    // 3. \u904d\u5386 counter \uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums\n    let mut i = 0;\n    for num in 0..m + 1 {\n        for _ in 0..counter[num as usize] {\n            nums[i] = num;\n            i += 1;\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    counting_sort.c
    /* \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f */\n// \u7b80\u5355\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u7528\u4e8e\u6392\u5e8f\u5bf9\u8c61\nvoid countingSortNaive(int nums[], int size) {\n    // 1. \u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20 m\n    int m = 0;\n    for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {\n        if (nums[i] > m) {\n            m = nums[i];\n        }\n    }\n    // 2. \u7edf\u8ba1\u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n    // counter[num] \u4ee3\u8868 num \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n    int *counter = calloc(m + 1, sizeof(int));\n    for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {\n        counter[nums[i]]++;\n    }\n    // 3. \u904d\u5386 counter \uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums\n    int i = 0;\n    for (int num = 0; num < m + 1; num++) {\n        for (int j = 0; j < counter[num]; j++, i++) {\n            nums[i] = num;\n        }\n    }\n    // 4. \u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\n    free(counter);\n}\n
    counting_sort.zig
    [class]{}-[func]{countingSortNaive}\n

    \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u4e0e\u6876\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u8054\u7cfb

    \u4ece\u6876\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u4e2d\u7684\u8ba1\u6570\u6570\u7ec4 counter \u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7d22\u5f15\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6876\uff0c\u5c06\u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u770b\u4f5c\u5c06\u5404\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5206\u914d\u5230\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6876\u4e2d\u3002\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\uff0c\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u662f\u6876\u6392\u5e8f\u5728\u6574\u578b\u6570\u636e\u4e0b\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u4f8b\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_sorting/counting_sort/#1192","title":"11.9.2 \u00a0 \u5b8c\u6574\u5b9e\u73b0","text":"

    \u7ec6\u5fc3\u7684\u8bfb\u8005\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u662f\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6b65\u9aa4 3. \u5c31\u5931\u6548\u4e86\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u662f\u5546\u54c1\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u6309\u7167\u5546\u54c1\u4ef7\u683c\uff08\u7c7b\u7684\u6210\u5458\u53d8\u91cf\uff09\u5bf9\u5546\u54c1\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u800c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7b97\u6cd5\u53ea\u80fd\u7ed9\u51fa\u4ef7\u683c\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u7ed3\u679c\u3002

    \u90a3\u4e48\u5982\u4f55\u624d\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u539f\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u7ed3\u679c\u5462\uff1f\u6211\u4eec\u9996\u5148\u8ba1\u7b97 counter \u7684\u201c\u524d\u7f00\u548c\u201d\u3002\u987e\u540d\u601d\u4e49\uff0c\u7d22\u5f15 i \u5904\u7684\u524d\u7f00\u548c prefix[i] \u7b49\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u524d i \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u4e4b\u548c\uff1a

    \\[ \\text{prefix}[i] = \\sum_{j=0}^i \\text{counter[j]} \\]

    \u524d\u7f00\u548c\u5177\u6709\u660e\u786e\u7684\u610f\u4e49\uff0cprefix[num] - 1 \u4ee3\u8868\u5143\u7d20 num \u5728\u7ed3\u679c\u6570\u7ec4 res \u4e2d\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b21\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4fe1\u606f\u975e\u5e38\u5173\u952e\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\u5404\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5e94\u8be5\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u7ed3\u679c\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u54ea\u4e2a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums \u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20 num \uff0c\u5728\u6bcf\u8f6e\u8fed\u4ee3\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e24\u6b65\u3002

    1. \u5c06 num \u586b\u5165\u6570\u7ec4 res \u7684\u7d22\u5f15 prefix[num] - 1 \u5904\u3002
    2. \u4ee4\u524d\u7f00\u548c prefix[num] \u51cf\u5c0f \\(1\\) \uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f97\u5230\u4e0b\u6b21\u653e\u7f6e num \u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u3002

    \u904d\u5386\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u6570\u7ec4 res \u4e2d\u5c31\u662f\u6392\u5e8f\u597d\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u4f7f\u7528 res \u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums \u5373\u53ef\u3002\u56fe 11-17 \u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u6d41\u7a0b\u3002

    <1><2><3><4><5><6><7><8>

    \u56fe 11-17 \u00a0 \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u6b65\u9aa4

    \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig counting_sort.py
    def counting_sort(nums: list[int]):\n    \"\"\"\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\"\"\"\n    # \u5b8c\u6574\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u53ef\u6392\u5e8f\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u662f\u7a33\u5b9a\u6392\u5e8f\n    # 1. \u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20 m\n    m = max(nums)\n    # 2. \u7edf\u8ba1\u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n    # counter[num] \u4ee3\u8868 num \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n    counter = [0] * (m + 1)\n    for num in nums:\n        counter[num] += 1\n    # 3. \u6c42 counter \u7684\u524d\u7f00\u548c\uff0c\u5c06\u201c\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\u201d\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u201c\u5c3e\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\n    # \u5373 counter[num]-1 \u662f num \u5728 res \u4e2d\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b21\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n    for i in range(m):\n        counter[i + 1] += counter[i]\n    # 4. \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 nums \uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165\u7ed3\u679c\u6570\u7ec4 res\n    # \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4 res \u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u7ed3\u679c\n    n = len(nums)\n    res = [0] * n\n    for i in range(n - 1, -1, -1):\n        num = nums[i]\n        res[counter[num] - 1] = num  # \u5c06 num \u653e\u7f6e\u5230\u5bf9\u5e94\u7d22\u5f15\u5904\n        counter[num] -= 1  # \u4ee4\u524d\u7f00\u548c\u81ea\u51cf 1 \uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u4e0b\u6b21\u653e\u7f6e num \u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n    # \u4f7f\u7528\u7ed3\u679c\u6570\u7ec4 res \u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums\n    for i in range(n):\n        nums[i] = res[i]\n
    counting_sort.cpp
    /* \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f */\n// \u5b8c\u6574\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u53ef\u6392\u5e8f\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u662f\u7a33\u5b9a\u6392\u5e8f\nvoid countingSort(vector<int> &nums) {\n    // 1. \u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20 m\n    int m = 0;\n    for (int num : nums) {\n        m = max(m, num);\n    }\n    // 2. \u7edf\u8ba1\u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n    // counter[num] \u4ee3\u8868 num \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n    vector<int> counter(m + 1, 0);\n    for (int num : nums) {\n        counter[num]++;\n    }\n    // 3. \u6c42 counter \u7684\u524d\u7f00\u548c\uff0c\u5c06\u201c\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\u201d\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u201c\u5c3e\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\n    // \u5373 counter[num]-1 \u662f num \u5728 res \u4e2d\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b21\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n    for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) {\n        counter[i + 1] += counter[i];\n    }\n    // 4. \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 nums \uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165\u7ed3\u679c\u6570\u7ec4 res\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4 res \u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u7ed3\u679c\n    int n = nums.size();\n    vector<int> res(n);\n    for (int i = n - 1; i >= 0; i--) {\n        int num = nums[i];\n        res[counter[num] - 1] = num; // \u5c06 num \u653e\u7f6e\u5230\u5bf9\u5e94\u7d22\u5f15\u5904\n        counter[num]--;              // \u4ee4\u524d\u7f00\u548c\u81ea\u51cf 1 \uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u4e0b\u6b21\u653e\u7f6e num \u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n    }\n    // \u4f7f\u7528\u7ed3\u679c\u6570\u7ec4 res \u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums\n    nums = res;\n}\n
    counting_sort.java
    /* \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f */\n// \u5b8c\u6574\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u53ef\u6392\u5e8f\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u662f\u7a33\u5b9a\u6392\u5e8f\nvoid countingSort(int[] nums) {\n    // 1. \u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20 m\n    int m = 0;\n    for (int num : nums) {\n        m = Math.max(m, num);\n    }\n    // 2. \u7edf\u8ba1\u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n    // counter[num] \u4ee3\u8868 num \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n    int[] counter = new int[m + 1];\n    for (int num : nums) {\n        counter[num]++;\n    }\n    // 3. \u6c42 counter \u7684\u524d\u7f00\u548c\uff0c\u5c06\u201c\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\u201d\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u201c\u5c3e\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\n    // \u5373 counter[num]-1 \u662f num \u5728 res \u4e2d\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b21\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n    for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) {\n        counter[i + 1] += counter[i];\n    }\n    // 4. \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 nums \uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165\u7ed3\u679c\u6570\u7ec4 res\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4 res \u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u7ed3\u679c\n    int n = nums.length;\n    int[] res = new int[n];\n    for (int i = n - 1; i >= 0; i--) {\n        int num = nums[i];\n        res[counter[num] - 1] = num; // \u5c06 num \u653e\u7f6e\u5230\u5bf9\u5e94\u7d22\u5f15\u5904\n        counter[num]--; // \u4ee4\u524d\u7f00\u548c\u81ea\u51cf 1 \uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u4e0b\u6b21\u653e\u7f6e num \u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n    }\n    // \u4f7f\u7528\u7ed3\u679c\u6570\u7ec4 res \u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        nums[i] = res[i];\n    }\n}\n
    counting_sort.cs
    /* \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f */\n// \u5b8c\u6574\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u53ef\u6392\u5e8f\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u662f\u7a33\u5b9a\u6392\u5e8f\nvoid CountingSort(int[] nums) {\n    // 1. \u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20 m\n    int m = 0;\n    foreach (int num in nums) {\n        m = Math.Max(m, num);\n    }\n    // 2. \u7edf\u8ba1\u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n    // counter[num] \u4ee3\u8868 num \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n    int[] counter = new int[m + 1];\n    foreach (int num in nums) {\n        counter[num]++;\n    }\n    // 3. \u6c42 counter \u7684\u524d\u7f00\u548c\uff0c\u5c06\u201c\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\u201d\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u201c\u5c3e\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\n    // \u5373 counter[num]-1 \u662f num \u5728 res \u4e2d\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b21\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n    for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) {\n        counter[i + 1] += counter[i];\n    }\n    // 4. \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 nums \uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165\u7ed3\u679c\u6570\u7ec4 res\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4 res \u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u7ed3\u679c\n    int n = nums.Length;\n    int[] res = new int[n];\n    for (int i = n - 1; i >= 0; i--) {\n        int num = nums[i];\n        res[counter[num] - 1] = num; // \u5c06 num \u653e\u7f6e\u5230\u5bf9\u5e94\u7d22\u5f15\u5904\n        counter[num]--; // \u4ee4\u524d\u7f00\u548c\u81ea\u51cf 1 \uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u4e0b\u6b21\u653e\u7f6e num \u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n    }\n    // \u4f7f\u7528\u7ed3\u679c\u6570\u7ec4 res \u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        nums[i] = res[i];\n    }\n}\n
    counting_sort.go
    /* \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f */\n// \u5b8c\u6574\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u53ef\u6392\u5e8f\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u662f\u7a33\u5b9a\u6392\u5e8f\nfunc countingSort(nums []int) {\n    // 1. \u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20 m\n    m := 0\n    for _, num := range nums {\n        if num > m {\n            m = num\n        }\n    }\n    // 2. \u7edf\u8ba1\u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n    // counter[num] \u4ee3\u8868 num \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n    counter := make([]int, m+1)\n    for _, num := range nums {\n        counter[num]++\n    }\n    // 3. \u6c42 counter \u7684\u524d\u7f00\u548c\uff0c\u5c06\u201c\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\u201d\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u201c\u5c3e\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\n    // \u5373 counter[num]-1 \u662f num \u5728 res \u4e2d\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b21\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n    for i := 0; i < m; i++ {\n        counter[i+1] += counter[i]\n    }\n    // 4. \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 nums \uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165\u7ed3\u679c\u6570\u7ec4 res\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4 res \u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u7ed3\u679c\n    n := len(nums)\n    res := make([]int, n)\n    for i := n - 1; i >= 0; i-- {\n        num := nums[i]\n        // \u5c06 num \u653e\u7f6e\u5230\u5bf9\u5e94\u7d22\u5f15\u5904\n        res[counter[num]-1] = num\n        // \u4ee4\u524d\u7f00\u548c\u81ea\u51cf 1 \uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u4e0b\u6b21\u653e\u7f6e num \u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n        counter[num]--\n    }\n    // \u4f7f\u7528\u7ed3\u679c\u6570\u7ec4 res \u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums\n    copy(nums, res)\n}\n
    counting_sort.swift
    /* \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f */\n// \u5b8c\u6574\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u53ef\u6392\u5e8f\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u662f\u7a33\u5b9a\u6392\u5e8f\nfunc countingSort(nums: inout [Int]) {\n    // 1. \u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20 m\n    let m = nums.max()!\n    // 2. \u7edf\u8ba1\u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n    // counter[num] \u4ee3\u8868 num \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n    var counter = Array(repeating: 0, count: m + 1)\n    for num in nums {\n        counter[num] += 1\n    }\n    // 3. \u6c42 counter \u7684\u524d\u7f00\u548c\uff0c\u5c06\u201c\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\u201d\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u201c\u5c3e\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\n    // \u5373 counter[num]-1 \u662f num \u5728 res \u4e2d\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b21\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n    for i in stride(from: 0, to: m, by: 1) {\n        counter[i + 1] += counter[i]\n    }\n    // 4. \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 nums \uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165\u7ed3\u679c\u6570\u7ec4 res\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4 res \u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u7ed3\u679c\n    var res = Array(repeating: 0, count: nums.count)\n    for i in stride(from: nums.count - 1, through: 0, by: -1) {\n        let num = nums[i]\n        res[counter[num] - 1] = num // \u5c06 num \u653e\u7f6e\u5230\u5bf9\u5e94\u7d22\u5f15\u5904\n        counter[num] -= 1 // \u4ee4\u524d\u7f00\u548c\u81ea\u51cf 1 \uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u4e0b\u6b21\u653e\u7f6e num \u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n    }\n    // \u4f7f\u7528\u7ed3\u679c\u6570\u7ec4 res \u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums\n    for i in stride(from: 0, to: nums.count, by: 1) {\n        nums[i] = res[i]\n    }\n}\n
    counting_sort.js
    /* \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f */\n// \u5b8c\u6574\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u53ef\u6392\u5e8f\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u662f\u7a33\u5b9a\u6392\u5e8f\nfunction countingSort(nums) {\n    // 1. \u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20 m\n    let m = 0;\n    for (const num of nums) {\n        m = Math.max(m, num);\n    }\n    // 2. \u7edf\u8ba1\u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n    // counter[num] \u4ee3\u8868 num \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n    const counter = new Array(m + 1).fill(0);\n    for (const num of nums) {\n        counter[num]++;\n    }\n    // 3. \u6c42 counter \u7684\u524d\u7f00\u548c\uff0c\u5c06\u201c\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\u201d\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u201c\u5c3e\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\n    // \u5373 counter[num]-1 \u662f num \u5728 res \u4e2d\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b21\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n    for (let i = 0; i < m; i++) {\n        counter[i + 1] += counter[i];\n    }\n    // 4. \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 nums \uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165\u7ed3\u679c\u6570\u7ec4 res\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4 res \u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u7ed3\u679c\n    const n = nums.length;\n    const res = new Array(n);\n    for (let i = n - 1; i >= 0; i--) {\n        const num = nums[i];\n        res[counter[num] - 1] = num; // \u5c06 num \u653e\u7f6e\u5230\u5bf9\u5e94\u7d22\u5f15\u5904\n        counter[num]--; // \u4ee4\u524d\u7f00\u548c\u81ea\u51cf 1 \uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u4e0b\u6b21\u653e\u7f6e num \u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n    }\n    // \u4f7f\u7528\u7ed3\u679c\u6570\u7ec4 res \u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums\n    for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        nums[i] = res[i];\n    }\n}\n
    counting_sort.ts
    /* \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f */\n// \u5b8c\u6574\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u53ef\u6392\u5e8f\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u662f\u7a33\u5b9a\u6392\u5e8f\nfunction countingSort(nums: number[]): void {\n    // 1. \u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20 m\n    let m = 0;\n    for (const num of nums) {\n        m = Math.max(m, num);\n    }\n    // 2. \u7edf\u8ba1\u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n    // counter[num] \u4ee3\u8868 num \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n    const counter: number[] = new Array<number>(m + 1).fill(0);\n    for (const num of nums) {\n        counter[num]++;\n    }\n    // 3. \u6c42 counter \u7684\u524d\u7f00\u548c\uff0c\u5c06\u201c\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\u201d\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u201c\u5c3e\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\n    // \u5373 counter[num]-1 \u662f num \u5728 res \u4e2d\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b21\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n    for (let i = 0; i < m; i++) {\n        counter[i + 1] += counter[i];\n    }\n    // 4. \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 nums \uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165\u7ed3\u679c\u6570\u7ec4 res\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4 res \u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u7ed3\u679c\n    const n = nums.length;\n    const res: number[] = new Array<number>(n);\n    for (let i = n - 1; i >= 0; i--) {\n        const num = nums[i];\n        res[counter[num] - 1] = num; // \u5c06 num \u653e\u7f6e\u5230\u5bf9\u5e94\u7d22\u5f15\u5904\n        counter[num]--; // \u4ee4\u524d\u7f00\u548c\u81ea\u51cf 1 \uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u4e0b\u6b21\u653e\u7f6e num \u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n    }\n    // \u4f7f\u7528\u7ed3\u679c\u6570\u7ec4 res \u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums\n    for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        nums[i] = res[i];\n    }\n}\n
    counting_sort.dart
    /* \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f */\n// \u5b8c\u6574\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u53ef\u6392\u5e8f\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u662f\u7a33\u5b9a\u6392\u5e8f\nvoid countingSort(List<int> nums) {\n  // 1. \u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20 m\n  int m = 0;\n  for (int _num in nums) {\n    m = max(m, _num);\n  }\n  // 2. \u7edf\u8ba1\u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n  // counter[_num] \u4ee3\u8868 _num \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n  List<int> counter = List.filled(m + 1, 0);\n  for (int _num in nums) {\n    counter[_num]++;\n  }\n  // 3. \u6c42 counter \u7684\u524d\u7f00\u548c\uff0c\u5c06\u201c\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\u201d\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u201c\u5c3e\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\n  // \u5373 counter[_num]-1 \u662f _num \u5728 res \u4e2d\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b21\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n  for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) {\n    counter[i + 1] += counter[i];\n  }\n  // 4. \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 nums \uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165\u7ed3\u679c\u6570\u7ec4 res\n  // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4 res \u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u7ed3\u679c\n  int n = nums.length;\n  List<int> res = List.filled(n, 0);\n  for (int i = n - 1; i >= 0; i--) {\n    int _num = nums[i];\n    res[counter[_num] - 1] = _num; // \u5c06 _num \u653e\u7f6e\u5230\u5bf9\u5e94\u7d22\u5f15\u5904\n    counter[_num]--; // \u4ee4\u524d\u7f00\u548c\u81ea\u51cf 1 \uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u4e0b\u6b21\u653e\u7f6e _num \u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n  }\n  // \u4f7f\u7528\u7ed3\u679c\u6570\u7ec4 res \u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums\n  nums.setAll(0, res);\n}\n
    counting_sort.rs
    /* \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f */\n// \u5b8c\u6574\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u53ef\u6392\u5e8f\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u662f\u7a33\u5b9a\u6392\u5e8f\nfn counting_sort(nums: &mut [i32]) {\n    // 1. \u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20 m\n    let m = *nums.into_iter().max().unwrap();\n    // 2. \u7edf\u8ba1\u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n    // counter[num] \u4ee3\u8868 num \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n    let mut counter = vec![0; m as usize + 1];\n    for &num in &*nums {\n        counter[num as usize] += 1;\n    }\n    // 3. \u6c42 counter \u7684\u524d\u7f00\u548c\uff0c\u5c06\u201c\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\u201d\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u201c\u5c3e\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\n    // \u5373 counter[num]-1 \u662f num \u5728 res \u4e2d\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b21\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n    for i in 0..m as usize {\n        counter[i + 1] += counter[i];\n    }\n    // 4. \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 nums \uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165\u7ed3\u679c\u6570\u7ec4 res\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4 res \u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u7ed3\u679c\n    let n = nums.len();\n    let mut res = vec![0; n];\n    for i in (0..n).rev() {\n        let num = nums[i];\n        res[counter[num as usize] - 1] = num; // \u5c06 num \u653e\u7f6e\u5230\u5bf9\u5e94\u7d22\u5f15\u5904\n        counter[num as usize] -= 1; // \u4ee4\u524d\u7f00\u548c\u81ea\u51cf 1 \uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u4e0b\u6b21\u653e\u7f6e num \u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n    }\n    // \u4f7f\u7528\u7ed3\u679c\u6570\u7ec4 res \u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums\n    for i in 0..n {\n        nums[i] = res[i];\n    }\n}\n
    counting_sort.c
    /* \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f */\n// \u5b8c\u6574\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u53ef\u6392\u5e8f\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u662f\u7a33\u5b9a\u6392\u5e8f\nvoid countingSort(int nums[], int size) {\n    // 1. \u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20 m\n    int m = 0;\n    for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {\n        if (nums[i] > m) {\n            m = nums[i];\n        }\n    }\n    // 2. \u7edf\u8ba1\u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n    // counter[num] \u4ee3\u8868 num \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n    int *counter = calloc(m, sizeof(int));\n    for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {\n        counter[nums[i]]++;\n    }\n    // 3. \u6c42 counter \u7684\u524d\u7f00\u548c\uff0c\u5c06\u201c\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\u201d\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u201c\u5c3e\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\n    // \u5373 counter[num]-1 \u662f num \u5728 res \u4e2d\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b21\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n    for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) {\n        counter[i + 1] += counter[i];\n    }\n    // 4. \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 nums \uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165\u7ed3\u679c\u6570\u7ec4 res\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4 res \u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u7ed3\u679c\n    int *res = malloc(sizeof(int) * size);\n    for (int i = size - 1; i >= 0; i--) {\n        int num = nums[i];\n        res[counter[num] - 1] = num; // \u5c06 num \u653e\u7f6e\u5230\u5bf9\u5e94\u7d22\u5f15\u5904\n        counter[num]--;              // \u4ee4\u524d\u7f00\u548c\u81ea\u51cf 1 \uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u4e0b\u6b21\u653e\u7f6e num \u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n    }\n    // \u4f7f\u7528\u7ed3\u679c\u6570\u7ec4 res \u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums\n    memcpy(nums, res, size * sizeof(int));\n    // 5. \u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\n    free(counter);\n}\n
    counting_sort.zig
    [class]{}-[func]{countingSort}\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_sorting/counting_sort/#1193","title":"11.9.3 \u00a0 \u7b97\u6cd5\u7279\u6027","text":"
    • \u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n + m)\\) \uff1a\u6d89\u53ca\u904d\u5386 nums \u548c\u904d\u5386 counter \uff0c\u90fd\u4f7f\u7528\u7ebf\u6027\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b \\(n \\gg m\\) \uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u8d8b\u4e8e \\(O(n)\\) \u3002
    • \u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n + m)\\)\u3001\u975e\u539f\u5730\u6392\u5e8f\uff1a\u501f\u52a9\u4e86\u957f\u5ea6\u5206\u522b\u4e3a \\(n\\) \u548c \\(m\\) \u7684\u6570\u7ec4 res \u548c counter \u3002
    • \u7a33\u5b9a\u6392\u5e8f\uff1a\u7531\u4e8e\u5411 res \u4e2d\u586b\u5145\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u662f\u201c\u4ece\u53f3\u5411\u5de6\u201d\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 nums \u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u6539\u53d8\u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5b9e\u73b0\u7a33\u5b9a\u6392\u5e8f\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u6b63\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 nums \u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u4f46\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u975e\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_sorting/counting_sort/#1194","title":"11.9.4 \u00a0 \u5c40\u9650\u6027","text":"

    \u770b\u5230\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u4f60\u4e5f\u8bb8\u4f1a\u89c9\u5f97\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u975e\u5e38\u5de7\u5999\uff0c\u4ec5\u901a\u8fc7\u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u91cf\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u524d\u7f6e\u6761\u4ef6\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u4e3a\u4e25\u683c\u3002

    \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u53ea\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u975e\u8d1f\u6574\u6570\u3002\u82e5\u60f3\u5c06\u5176\u7528\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u786e\u4fdd\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u975e\u8d1f\u6574\u6570\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u8f6c\u6362\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4e0d\u80fd\u6539\u53d8\u5404\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u5927\u5c0f\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5305\u542b\u8d1f\u6570\u7684\u6574\u6570\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5148\u7ed9\u6240\u6709\u6570\u5b57\u52a0\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e38\u6570\uff0c\u5c06\u5168\u90e8\u6570\u5b57\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u6b63\u6570\uff0c\u6392\u5e8f\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\u518d\u8f6c\u6362\u56de\u53bb\u3002

    \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u5927\u4f46\u6570\u636e\u8303\u56f4\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d \\(m\\) \u4e0d\u80fd\u592a\u5927\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4f1a\u5360\u7528\u8fc7\u591a\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u800c\u5f53 \\(n \\ll m\\) \u65f6\uff0c\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(m)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u6bd4 \\(O(n \\log n)\\) \u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u8fd8\u8981\u6162\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_sorting/heap_sort/","title":"11.7 \u00a0 \u5806\u6392\u5e8f","text":"

    Tip

    \u9605\u8bfb\u672c\u8282\u524d\uff0c\u8bf7\u786e\u4fdd\u5df2\u5b66\u5b8c\u201c\u5806\u201c\u7ae0\u8282\u3002

    \u300c\u5806\u6392\u5e8f heap sort\u300d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u57fa\u4e8e\u5806\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u9ad8\u6548\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b66\u8fc7\u7684\u201c\u5efa\u5806\u64cd\u4f5c\u201d\u548c\u201c\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806\u64cd\u4f5c\u201d\u5b9e\u73b0\u5806\u6392\u5e8f\u3002

    1. \u8f93\u5165\u6570\u7ec4\u5e76\u5efa\u7acb\u5c0f\u9876\u5806\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\u4f4d\u4e8e\u5806\u9876\u3002
    2. \u4e0d\u65ad\u6267\u884c\u51fa\u5806\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f9d\u6b21\u8bb0\u5f55\u51fa\u5806\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5373\u53ef\u5f97\u5230\u4ece\u5c0f\u5230\u5927\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\u3002

    \u4ee5\u4e0a\u65b9\u6cd5\u867d\u7136\u53ef\u884c\uff0c\u4f46\u9700\u8981\u501f\u52a9\u4e00\u4e2a\u989d\u5916\u6570\u7ec4\u6765\u4fdd\u5b58\u5f39\u51fa\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f83\u6d6a\u8d39\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u79cd\u66f4\u52a0\u4f18\u96c5\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_sorting/heap_sort/#1171","title":"11.7.1 \u00a0 \u7b97\u6cd5\u6d41\u7a0b","text":"

    \u8bbe\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(n\\) \uff0c\u5806\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u6d41\u7a0b\u5982\u56fe 11-12 \u6240\u793a\u3002

    1. \u8f93\u5165\u6570\u7ec4\u5e76\u5efa\u7acb\u5927\u9876\u5806\u3002\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u4f4d\u4e8e\u5806\u9876\u3002
    2. \u5c06\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\uff08\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\uff09\u4e0e\u5806\u5e95\u5143\u7d20\uff08\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\uff09\u4ea4\u6362\u3002\u5b8c\u6210\u4ea4\u6362\u540e\uff0c\u5806\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u51cf \\(1\\) \uff0c\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u52a0 \\(1\\) \u3002
    3. \u4ece\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u5230\u5e95\u6267\u884c\u5806\u5316\u64cd\u4f5c\uff08Sift Down\uff09\u3002\u5b8c\u6210\u5806\u5316\u540e\uff0c\u5806\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u5f97\u5230\u4fee\u590d\u3002
    4. \u5faa\u73af\u6267\u884c\u7b2c 2. \u6b65\u548c\u7b2c 3. \u6b65\u3002\u5faa\u73af \\(n - 1\\) \u8f6e\u540e\uff0c\u5373\u53ef\u5b8c\u6210\u6570\u7ec4\u6392\u5e8f\u3002

    Tip

    \u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u5806\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e2d\u4e5f\u5305\u542b\u7b2c 2. \u6b65\u548c\u7b2c 3. \u6b65\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u591a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f39\u51fa\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002

    <1><2><3><4><5><6><7><8><9><10><11><12>

    \u56fe 11-12 \u00a0 \u5806\u6392\u5e8f\u6b65\u9aa4

    \u5728\u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u4e0e\u201c\u5806\u201d\u7ae0\u8282\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316 sift_down() \u51fd\u6570\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5806\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4f1a\u968f\u7740\u63d0\u53d6\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u800c\u51cf\u5c0f\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u7ed9 sift_down() \u51fd\u6570\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u5ea6\u53c2\u6570 \\(n\\) \uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6307\u5b9a\u5806\u7684\u5f53\u524d\u6709\u6548\u957f\u5ea6\u3002\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig heap_sort.py
    def sift_down(nums: list[int], n: int, i: int):\n    \"\"\"\u5806\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \uff0c\u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316\"\"\"\n    while True:\n        # \u5224\u65ad\u8282\u70b9 i, l, r \u4e2d\u503c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a ma\n        l = 2 * i + 1\n        r = 2 * i + 2\n        ma = i\n        if l < n and nums[l] > nums[ma]:\n            ma = l\n        if r < n and nums[r] > nums[ma]:\n            ma = r\n        # \u82e5\u8282\u70b9 i \u6700\u5927\u6216\u7d22\u5f15 l, r \u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u65e0\u987b\u7ee7\u7eed\u5806\u5316\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\n        if ma == i:\n            break\n        # \u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\n        nums[i], nums[ma] = nums[ma], nums[i]\n        # \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0b\u5806\u5316\n        i = ma\n\ndef heap_sort(nums: list[int]):\n    \"\"\"\u5806\u6392\u5e8f\"\"\"\n    # \u5efa\u5806\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a\u5806\u5316\u9664\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\n    for i in range(len(nums) // 2 - 1, -1, -1):\n        sift_down(nums, len(nums), i)\n    # \u4ece\u5806\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5faa\u73af n-1 \u8f6e\n    for i in range(len(nums) - 1, 0, -1):\n        # \u4ea4\u6362\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e0e\u6700\u53f3\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u4ea4\u6362\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\uff09\n        nums[0], nums[i] = nums[i], nums[0]\n        # \u4ee5\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e3a\u8d77\u70b9\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u8fdb\u884c\u5806\u5316\n        sift_down(nums, i, 0)\n
    heap_sort.cpp
    /* \u5806\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \uff0c\u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316 */\nvoid siftDown(vector<int> &nums, int n, int i) {\n    while (true) {\n        // \u5224\u65ad\u8282\u70b9 i, l, r \u4e2d\u503c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a ma\n        int l = 2 * i + 1;\n        int r = 2 * i + 2;\n        int ma = i;\n        if (l < n && nums[l] > nums[ma])\n            ma = l;\n        if (r < n && nums[r] > nums[ma])\n            ma = r;\n        // \u82e5\u8282\u70b9 i \u6700\u5927\u6216\u7d22\u5f15 l, r \u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u65e0\u987b\u7ee7\u7eed\u5806\u5316\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\n        if (ma == i) {\n            break;\n        }\n        // \u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\n        swap(nums[i], nums[ma]);\n        // \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0b\u5806\u5316\n        i = ma;\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u5806\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid heapSort(vector<int> &nums) {\n    // \u5efa\u5806\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a\u5806\u5316\u9664\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\n    for (int i = nums.size() / 2 - 1; i >= 0; --i) {\n        siftDown(nums, nums.size(), i);\n    }\n    // \u4ece\u5806\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5faa\u73af n-1 \u8f6e\n    for (int i = nums.size() - 1; i > 0; --i) {\n        // \u4ea4\u6362\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e0e\u6700\u53f3\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u4ea4\u6362\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\uff09\n        swap(nums[0], nums[i]);\n        // \u4ee5\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e3a\u8d77\u70b9\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u8fdb\u884c\u5806\u5316\n        siftDown(nums, i, 0);\n    }\n}\n
    heap_sort.java
    /* \u5806\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \uff0c\u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316 */\nvoid siftDown(int[] nums, int n, int i) {\n    while (true) {\n        // \u5224\u65ad\u8282\u70b9 i, l, r \u4e2d\u503c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a ma\n        int l = 2 * i + 1;\n        int r = 2 * i + 2;\n        int ma = i;\n        if (l < n && nums[l] > nums[ma])\n            ma = l;\n        if (r < n && nums[r] > nums[ma])\n            ma = r;\n        // \u82e5\u8282\u70b9 i \u6700\u5927\u6216\u7d22\u5f15 l, r \u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u65e0\u987b\u7ee7\u7eed\u5806\u5316\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\n        if (ma == i)\n            break;\n        // \u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\n        int temp = nums[i];\n        nums[i] = nums[ma];\n        nums[ma] = temp;\n        // \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0b\u5806\u5316\n        i = ma;\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u5806\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid heapSort(int[] nums) {\n    // \u5efa\u5806\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a\u5806\u5316\u9664\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\n    for (int i = nums.length / 2 - 1; i >= 0; i--) {\n        siftDown(nums, nums.length, i);\n    }\n    // \u4ece\u5806\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5faa\u73af n-1 \u8f6e\n    for (int i = nums.length - 1; i > 0; i--) {\n        // \u4ea4\u6362\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e0e\u6700\u53f3\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u4ea4\u6362\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\uff09\n        int tmp = nums[0];\n        nums[0] = nums[i];\n        nums[i] = tmp;\n        // \u4ee5\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e3a\u8d77\u70b9\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u8fdb\u884c\u5806\u5316\n        siftDown(nums, i, 0);\n    }\n}\n
    heap_sort.cs
    /* \u5806\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \uff0c\u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316 */\nvoid SiftDown(int[] nums, int n, int i) {\n    while (true) {\n        // \u5224\u65ad\u8282\u70b9 i, l, r \u4e2d\u503c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a ma\n        int l = 2 * i + 1;\n        int r = 2 * i + 2;\n        int ma = i;\n        if (l < n && nums[l] > nums[ma])\n            ma = l;\n        if (r < n && nums[r] > nums[ma])\n            ma = r;\n        // \u82e5\u8282\u70b9 i \u6700\u5927\u6216\u7d22\u5f15 l, r \u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u65e0\u987b\u7ee7\u7eed\u5806\u5316\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\n        if (ma == i)\n            break;\n        // \u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\n        (nums[ma], nums[i]) = (nums[i], nums[ma]);\n        // \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0b\u5806\u5316\n        i = ma;\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u5806\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid HeapSort(int[] nums) {\n    // \u5efa\u5806\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a\u5806\u5316\u9664\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\n    for (int i = nums.Length / 2 - 1; i >= 0; i--) {\n        SiftDown(nums, nums.Length, i);\n    }\n    // \u4ece\u5806\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5faa\u73af n-1 \u8f6e\n    for (int i = nums.Length - 1; i > 0; i--) {\n        // \u4ea4\u6362\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e0e\u6700\u53f3\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u4ea4\u6362\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\uff09\n        (nums[i], nums[0]) = (nums[0], nums[i]);\n        // \u4ee5\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e3a\u8d77\u70b9\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u8fdb\u884c\u5806\u5316\n        SiftDown(nums, i, 0);\n    }\n}\n
    heap_sort.go
    /* \u5806\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \uff0c\u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316 */\nfunc siftDown(nums *[]int, n, i int) {\n    for true {\n        // \u5224\u65ad\u8282\u70b9 i, l, r \u4e2d\u503c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a ma\n        l := 2*i + 1\n        r := 2*i + 2\n        ma := i\n        if l < n && (*nums)[l] > (*nums)[ma] {\n            ma = l\n        }\n        if r < n && (*nums)[r] > (*nums)[ma] {\n            ma = r\n        }\n        // \u82e5\u8282\u70b9 i \u6700\u5927\u6216\u7d22\u5f15 l, r \u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u65e0\u987b\u7ee7\u7eed\u5806\u5316\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\n        if ma == i {\n            break\n        }\n        // \u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\n        (*nums)[i], (*nums)[ma] = (*nums)[ma], (*nums)[i]\n        // \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0b\u5806\u5316\n        i = ma\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u5806\u6392\u5e8f */\nfunc heapSort(nums *[]int) {\n    // \u5efa\u5806\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a\u5806\u5316\u9664\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\n    for i := len(*nums)/2 - 1; i >= 0; i-- {\n        siftDown(nums, len(*nums), i)\n    }\n    // \u4ece\u5806\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5faa\u73af n-1 \u8f6e\n    for i := len(*nums) - 1; i > 0; i-- {\n        // \u4ea4\u6362\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e0e\u6700\u53f3\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u4ea4\u6362\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\uff09\n        (*nums)[0], (*nums)[i] = (*nums)[i], (*nums)[0]\n        // \u4ee5\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e3a\u8d77\u70b9\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u8fdb\u884c\u5806\u5316\n        siftDown(nums, i, 0)\n    }\n}\n
    heap_sort.swift
    /* \u5806\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \uff0c\u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316 */\nfunc siftDown(nums: inout [Int], n: Int, i: Int) {\n    var i = i\n    while true {\n        // \u5224\u65ad\u8282\u70b9 i, l, r \u4e2d\u503c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a ma\n        let l = 2 * i + 1\n        let r = 2 * i + 2\n        var ma = i\n        if l < n, nums[l] > nums[ma] {\n            ma = l\n        }\n        if r < n, nums[r] > nums[ma] {\n            ma = r\n        }\n        // \u82e5\u8282\u70b9 i \u6700\u5927\u6216\u7d22\u5f15 l, r \u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u65e0\u987b\u7ee7\u7eed\u5806\u5316\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\n        if ma == i {\n            break\n        }\n        // \u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\n        nums.swapAt(i, ma)\n        // \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0b\u5806\u5316\n        i = ma\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u5806\u6392\u5e8f */\nfunc heapSort(nums: inout [Int]) {\n    // \u5efa\u5806\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a\u5806\u5316\u9664\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\n    for i in stride(from: nums.count / 2 - 1, through: 0, by: -1) {\n        siftDown(nums: &nums, n: nums.count, i: i)\n    }\n    // \u4ece\u5806\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5faa\u73af n-1 \u8f6e\n    for i in stride(from: nums.count - 1, to: 0, by: -1) {\n        // \u4ea4\u6362\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e0e\u6700\u53f3\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u4ea4\u6362\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\uff09\n        nums.swapAt(0, i)\n        // \u4ee5\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e3a\u8d77\u70b9\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u8fdb\u884c\u5806\u5316\n        siftDown(nums: &nums, n: i, i: 0)\n    }\n}\n
    heap_sort.js
    /* \u5806\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \uff0c\u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316 */\nfunction siftDown(nums, n, i) {\n    while (true) {\n        // \u5224\u65ad\u8282\u70b9 i, l, r \u4e2d\u503c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a ma\n        let l = 2 * i + 1;\n        let r = 2 * i + 2;\n        let ma = i;\n        if (l < n && nums[l] > nums[ma]) {\n            ma = l;\n        }\n        if (r < n && nums[r] > nums[ma]) {\n            ma = r;\n        }\n        // \u82e5\u8282\u70b9 i \u6700\u5927\u6216\u7d22\u5f15 l, r \u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u65e0\u987b\u7ee7\u7eed\u5806\u5316\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\n        if (ma === i) {\n            break;\n        }\n        // \u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\n        [nums[i], nums[ma]] = [nums[ma], nums[i]];\n        // \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0b\u5806\u5316\n        i = ma;\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u5806\u6392\u5e8f */\nfunction heapSort(nums) {\n    // \u5efa\u5806\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a\u5806\u5316\u9664\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\n    for (let i = Math.floor(nums.length / 2) - 1; i >= 0; i--) {\n        siftDown(nums, nums.length, i);\n    }\n    // \u4ece\u5806\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5faa\u73af n-1 \u8f6e\n    for (let i = nums.length - 1; i > 0; i--) {\n        // \u4ea4\u6362\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e0e\u6700\u53f3\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u4ea4\u6362\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\uff09\n        [nums[0], nums[i]] = [nums[i], nums[0]];\n        // \u4ee5\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e3a\u8d77\u70b9\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u8fdb\u884c\u5806\u5316\n        siftDown(nums, i, 0);\n    }\n}\n
    heap_sort.ts
    /* \u5806\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \uff0c\u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316 */\nfunction siftDown(nums: number[], n: number, i: number): void {\n    while (true) {\n        // \u5224\u65ad\u8282\u70b9 i, l, r \u4e2d\u503c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a ma\n        let l = 2 * i + 1;\n        let r = 2 * i + 2;\n        let ma = i;\n        if (l < n && nums[l] > nums[ma]) {\n            ma = l;\n        }\n        if (r < n && nums[r] > nums[ma]) {\n            ma = r;\n        }\n        // \u82e5\u8282\u70b9 i \u6700\u5927\u6216\u7d22\u5f15 l, r \u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u65e0\u987b\u7ee7\u7eed\u5806\u5316\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\n        if (ma === i) {\n            break;\n        }\n        // \u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\n        [nums[i], nums[ma]] = [nums[ma], nums[i]];\n        // \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0b\u5806\u5316\n        i = ma;\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u5806\u6392\u5e8f */\nfunction heapSort(nums: number[]): void {\n    // \u5efa\u5806\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a\u5806\u5316\u9664\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\n    for (let i = Math.floor(nums.length / 2) - 1; i >= 0; i--) {\n        siftDown(nums, nums.length, i);\n    }\n    // \u4ece\u5806\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5faa\u73af n-1 \u8f6e\n    for (let i = nums.length - 1; i > 0; i--) {\n        // \u4ea4\u6362\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e0e\u6700\u53f3\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u4ea4\u6362\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\uff09\n        [nums[0], nums[i]] = [nums[i], nums[0]];\n        // \u4ee5\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e3a\u8d77\u70b9\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u8fdb\u884c\u5806\u5316\n        siftDown(nums, i, 0);\n    }\n}\n
    heap_sort.dart
    /* \u5806\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \uff0c\u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316 */\nvoid siftDown(List<int> nums, int n, int i) {\n  while (true) {\n    // \u5224\u65ad\u8282\u70b9 i, l, r \u4e2d\u503c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a ma\n    int l = 2 * i + 1;\n    int r = 2 * i + 2;\n    int ma = i;\n    if (l < n && nums[l] > nums[ma]) ma = l;\n    if (r < n && nums[r] > nums[ma]) ma = r;\n    // \u82e5\u8282\u70b9 i \u6700\u5927\u6216\u7d22\u5f15 l, r \u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u65e0\u987b\u7ee7\u7eed\u5806\u5316\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\n    if (ma == i) break;\n    // \u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\n    int temp = nums[i];\n    nums[i] = nums[ma];\n    nums[ma] = temp;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0b\u5806\u5316\n    i = ma;\n  }\n}\n\n/* \u5806\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid heapSort(List<int> nums) {\n  // \u5efa\u5806\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a\u5806\u5316\u9664\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\n  for (int i = nums.length ~/ 2 - 1; i >= 0; i--) {\n    siftDown(nums, nums.length, i);\n  }\n  // \u4ece\u5806\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5faa\u73af n-1 \u8f6e\n  for (int i = nums.length - 1; i > 0; i--) {\n    // \u4ea4\u6362\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e0e\u6700\u53f3\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u4ea4\u6362\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\uff09\n    int tmp = nums[0];\n    nums[0] = nums[i];\n    nums[i] = tmp;\n    // \u4ee5\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e3a\u8d77\u70b9\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u8fdb\u884c\u5806\u5316\n    siftDown(nums, i, 0);\n  }\n}\n
    heap_sort.rs
    /* \u5806\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \uff0c\u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316 */\nfn sift_down(nums: &mut [i32], n: usize, mut i: usize) {\n    loop {\n        // \u5224\u65ad\u8282\u70b9 i, l, r \u4e2d\u503c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a ma\n        let l = 2 * i + 1;\n        let r = 2 * i + 2;\n        let mut ma = i;\n        if l < n && nums[l] > nums[ma] {\n            ma = l;\n        }\n        if r < n && nums[r] > nums[ma] {\n            ma = r;\n        }\n        // \u82e5\u8282\u70b9 i \u6700\u5927\u6216\u7d22\u5f15 l, r \u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u65e0\u987b\u7ee7\u7eed\u5806\u5316\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\n        if ma == i {\n            break;\n        }\n        // \u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\n        let temp = nums[i];\n        nums[i] = nums[ma];\n        nums[ma] = temp;\n        // \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0b\u5806\u5316\n        i = ma;\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u5806\u6392\u5e8f */\nfn heap_sort(nums: &mut [i32]) {\n    // \u5efa\u5806\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a\u5806\u5316\u9664\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\n    for i in (0..=nums.len() / 2 - 1).rev() {\n        sift_down(nums, nums.len(), i);\n    }\n    // \u4ece\u5806\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5faa\u73af n-1 \u8f6e\n    for i in (1..=nums.len() - 1).rev() {\n        // \u4ea4\u6362\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e0e\u6700\u53f3\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u4ea4\u6362\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\uff09\n        let tmp = nums[0];\n        nums[0] = nums[i];\n        nums[i] = tmp;\n        // \u4ee5\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e3a\u8d77\u70b9\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u8fdb\u884c\u5806\u5316\n        sift_down(nums, i, 0);\n    }\n}\n
    heap_sort.c
    /* \u5806\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a n \uff0c\u4ece\u8282\u70b9 i \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u5806\u5316 */\nvoid siftDown(int nums[], int n, int i) {\n    while (1) {\n        // \u5224\u65ad\u8282\u70b9 i, l, r \u4e2d\u503c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a ma\n        int l = 2 * i + 1;\n        int r = 2 * i + 2;\n        int ma = i;\n        if (l < n && nums[l] > nums[ma])\n            ma = l;\n        if (r < n && nums[r] > nums[ma])\n            ma = r;\n        // \u82e5\u8282\u70b9 i \u6700\u5927\u6216\u7d22\u5f15 l, r \u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u65e0\u987b\u7ee7\u7eed\u5806\u5316\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\n        if (ma == i) {\n            break;\n        }\n        // \u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u8282\u70b9\n        int temp = nums[i];\n        nums[i] = nums[ma];\n        nums[ma] = temp;\n        // \u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0b\u5806\u5316\n        i = ma;\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u5806\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid heapSort(int nums[], int n) {\n    // \u5efa\u5806\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a\u5806\u5316\u9664\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\n    for (int i = n / 2 - 1; i >= 0; --i) {\n        siftDown(nums, n, i);\n    }\n    // \u4ece\u5806\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5faa\u73af n-1 \u8f6e\n    for (int i = n - 1; i > 0; --i) {\n        // \u4ea4\u6362\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e0e\u6700\u53f3\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u4ea4\u6362\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\uff09\n        int tmp = nums[0];\n        nums[0] = nums[i];\n        nums[i] = tmp;\n        // \u4ee5\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u4e3a\u8d77\u70b9\uff0c\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u8fdb\u884c\u5806\u5316\n        siftDown(nums, i, 0);\n    }\n}\n
    heap_sort.zig
    [class]{}-[func]{siftDown}\n\n[class]{}-[func]{heapSort}\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_sorting/heap_sort/#1172","title":"11.7.2 \u00a0 \u7b97\u6cd5\u7279\u6027","text":"
    • \u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n \\log n)\\)\u3001\u975e\u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u6392\u5e8f\uff1a\u5efa\u5806\u64cd\u4f5c\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(n)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u4ece\u5806\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(\\log n)\\) \uff0c\u5171\u5faa\u73af \\(n - 1\\) \u8f6e\u3002
    • \u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(1)\\)\u3001\u539f\u5730\u6392\u5e8f\uff1a\u51e0\u4e2a\u6307\u9488\u53d8\u91cf\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(1)\\) \u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u548c\u5806\u5316\u64cd\u4f5c\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u3002
    • \u975e\u7a33\u5b9a\u6392\u5e8f\uff1a\u5728\u4ea4\u6362\u5806\u9876\u5143\u7d20\u548c\u5806\u5e95\u5143\u7d20\u65f6\uff0c\u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_sorting/insertion_sort/","title":"11.4 \u00a0 \u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f","text":"

    \u300c\u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f insertion sort\u300d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u4e0e\u624b\u52a8\u6574\u7406\u4e00\u526f\u724c\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u975e\u5e38\u76f8\u4f3c\u3002

    \u5177\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u51c6\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5c06\u8be5\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5176\u5de6\u4fa7\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u9010\u4e00\u6bd4\u8f83\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u8be5\u5143\u7d20\u63d2\u5165\u5230\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002

    \u56fe 11-6 \u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u6570\u7ec4\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u6d41\u7a0b\u3002\u8bbe\u57fa\u51c6\u5143\u7d20\u4e3a base \uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u4ece\u76ee\u6807\u7d22\u5f15\u5230 base \u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u5411\u53f3\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c06 base \u8d4b\u503c\u7ed9\u76ee\u6807\u7d22\u5f15\u3002

    \u56fe 11-6 \u00a0 \u5355\u6b21\u63d2\u5165\u64cd\u4f5c

    "},{"location":"chapter_sorting/insertion_sort/#1141","title":"11.4.1 \u00a0 \u7b97\u6cd5\u6d41\u7a0b","text":"

    \u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u6d41\u7a0b\u5982\u56fe 11-7 \u6240\u793a\u3002

    1. \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\uff0c\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u7b2c 1 \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5df2\u5b8c\u6210\u6392\u5e8f\u3002
    2. \u9009\u53d6\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u7b2c 2 \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u4f5c\u4e3a base \uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u63d2\u5165\u5230\u6b63\u786e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u540e\uff0c\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u524d 2 \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u3002
    3. \u9009\u53d6\u7b2c 3 \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u4f5c\u4e3a base \uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u63d2\u5165\u5230\u6b63\u786e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u540e\uff0c\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u524d 3 \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u3002
    4. \u4ee5\u6b64\u7c7b\u63a8\uff0c\u5728\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u8f6e\u4e2d\uff0c\u9009\u53d6\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u4f5c\u4e3a base \uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u63d2\u5165\u5230\u6b63\u786e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u540e\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u5747\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u3002

    \u56fe 11-7 \u00a0 \u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f\u6d41\u7a0b

    \u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig insertion_sort.py
    def insertion_sort(nums: list[int]):\n    \"\"\"\u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f\"\"\"\n    # \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i-1]\n    for i in range(1, len(nums)):\n        base = nums[i]\n        j = i - 1\n        # \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06 base \u63d2\u5165\u5230\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4 [0, i-1] \u4e2d\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u4f4d\u7f6e\n        while j >= 0 and nums[j] > base:\n            nums[j + 1] = nums[j]  # \u5c06 nums[j] \u5411\u53f3\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n            j -= 1\n        nums[j + 1] = base  # \u5c06 base \u8d4b\u503c\u5230\u6b63\u786e\u4f4d\u7f6e\n
    insertion_sort.cpp
    /* \u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid insertionSort(vector<int> &nums) {\n    // \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u4e3a 1, 2, ..., n\n    for (int i = 1; i < nums.size(); i++) {\n        int base = nums[i], j = i - 1;\n        // \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06 base \u63d2\u5165\u5230\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u4f4d\u7f6e\n        while (j >= 0 && nums[j] > base) {\n            nums[j + 1] = nums[j]; // \u5c06 nums[j] \u5411\u53f3\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n            j--;\n        }\n        nums[j + 1] = base; // \u5c06 base \u8d4b\u503c\u5230\u6b63\u786e\u4f4d\u7f6e\n    }\n}\n
    insertion_sort.java
    /* \u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid insertionSort(int[] nums) {\n    // \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u4e3a 1, 2, ..., n\n    for (int i = 1; i < nums.length; i++) {\n        int base = nums[i], j = i - 1;\n        // \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06 base \u63d2\u5165\u5230\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u4f4d\u7f6e\n        while (j >= 0 && nums[j] > base) {\n            nums[j + 1] = nums[j]; // \u5c06 nums[j] \u5411\u53f3\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n            j--;\n        }\n        nums[j + 1] = base;        // \u5c06 base \u8d4b\u503c\u5230\u6b63\u786e\u4f4d\u7f6e\n    }\n}\n
    insertion_sort.cs
    /* \u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid InsertionSort(int[] nums) {\n    // \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u4e3a 1, 2, ..., n\n    for (int i = 1; i < nums.Length; i++) {\n        int bas = nums[i], j = i - 1;\n        // \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06 base \u63d2\u5165\u5230\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u4f4d\u7f6e\n        while (j >= 0 && nums[j] > bas) {\n            nums[j + 1] = nums[j]; // \u5c06 nums[j] \u5411\u53f3\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n            j--;\n        }\n        nums[j + 1] = bas;         // \u5c06 base \u8d4b\u503c\u5230\u6b63\u786e\u4f4d\u7f6e\n    }\n}\n
    insertion_sort.go
    /* \u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f */\nfunc insertionSort(nums []int) {\n    // \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, i]\n    for i := 1; i < len(nums); i++ {\n        base := nums[i]\n        j := i - 1\n        // \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06 base \u63d2\u5165\u5230\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u4f4d\u7f6e\n        for j >= 0 && nums[j] > base {\n            nums[j+1] = nums[j] // \u5c06 nums[j] \u5411\u53f3\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n            j--\n        }\n        nums[j+1] = base // \u5c06 base \u8d4b\u503c\u5230\u6b63\u786e\u4f4d\u7f6e\n    }\n}\n
    insertion_sort.swift
    /* \u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f */\nfunc insertionSort(nums: inout [Int]) {\n    // \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u4e3a 1, 2, ..., n\n    for i in stride(from: 1, to: nums.count, by: 1) {\n        let base = nums[i]\n        var j = i - 1\n        // \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06 base \u63d2\u5165\u5230\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u4f4d\u7f6e\n        while j >= 0, nums[j] > base {\n            nums[j + 1] = nums[j] // \u5c06 nums[j] \u5411\u53f3\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n            j -= 1\n        }\n        nums[j + 1] = base // \u5c06 base \u8d4b\u503c\u5230\u6b63\u786e\u4f4d\u7f6e\n    }\n}\n
    insertion_sort.js
    /* \u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f */\nfunction insertionSort(nums) {\n    // \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u4e3a 1, 2, ..., n\n    for (let i = 1; i < nums.length; i++) {\n        let base = nums[i],\n            j = i - 1;\n        // \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06 base \u63d2\u5165\u5230\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u4f4d\u7f6e\n        while (j >= 0 && nums[j] > base) {\n            nums[j + 1] = nums[j]; // \u5c06 nums[j] \u5411\u53f3\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n            j--;\n        }\n        nums[j + 1] = base; // \u5c06 base \u8d4b\u503c\u5230\u6b63\u786e\u4f4d\u7f6e\n    }\n}\n
    insertion_sort.ts
    /* \u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f */\nfunction insertionSort(nums: number[]): void {\n    // \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u4e3a 1, 2, ..., n\n    for (let i = 1; i < nums.length; i++) {\n        const base = nums[i];\n        let j = i - 1;\n        // \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06 base \u63d2\u5165\u5230\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u4f4d\u7f6e\n        while (j >= 0 && nums[j] > base) {\n            nums[j + 1] = nums[j]; // \u5c06 nums[j] \u5411\u53f3\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n            j--;\n        }\n        nums[j + 1] = base; // \u5c06 base \u8d4b\u503c\u5230\u6b63\u786e\u4f4d\u7f6e\n    }\n}\n
    insertion_sort.dart
    /* \u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid insertionSort(List<int> nums) {\n  // \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u4e3a 1, 2, ..., n\n  for (int i = 1; i < nums.length; i++) {\n    int base = nums[i], j = i - 1;\n    // \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06 base \u63d2\u5165\u5230\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u4f4d\u7f6e\n    while (j >= 0 && nums[j] > base) {\n      nums[j + 1] = nums[j]; // \u5c06 nums[j] \u5411\u53f3\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n      j--;\n    }\n    nums[j + 1] = base; // \u5c06 base \u8d4b\u503c\u5230\u6b63\u786e\u4f4d\u7f6e\n  }\n}\n
    insertion_sort.rs
    /* \u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f */\nfn insertion_sort(nums: &mut [i32]) {\n    // \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u4e3a 1, 2, ..., n\n    for i in 1..nums.len() {\n        let (base, mut j) = (nums[i],  (i - 1) as i32);\n        // \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06 base \u63d2\u5165\u5230\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u4f4d\u7f6e\n        while j >= 0 && nums[j as usize] > base {\n            nums[(j + 1) as usize] = nums[j as usize]; // \u5c06 nums[j] \u5411\u53f3\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n            j -= 1;\n        }\n        nums[(j + 1) as usize] = base;  // \u5c06 base \u8d4b\u503c\u5230\u6b63\u786e\u4f4d\u7f6e\n    }\n}\n
    insertion_sort.c
    /* \u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid insertionSort(int nums[], int size) {\n    // \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u4e3a 1, 2, ..., n\n    for (int i = 1; i < size; i++) {\n        int base = nums[i], j = i - 1;\n        // \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06 base \u63d2\u5165\u5230\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u4f4d\u7f6e\n        while (j >= 0 && nums[j] > base) {\n            // \u5c06 nums[j] \u5411\u53f3\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n            nums[j + 1] = nums[j];\n            j--;\n        }\n        // \u5c06 base \u8d4b\u503c\u5230\u6b63\u786e\u4f4d\u7f6e\n        nums[j + 1] = base;\n    }\n}\n
    insertion_sort.zig
    // \u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f\nfn insertionSort(nums: []i32) void {\n    // \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\u4e3a 1, 2, ..., n\n    var i: usize = 1;\n    while (i < nums.len) : (i += 1) {\n        var base = nums[i];\n        var j: usize = i;\n        // \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u5c06 base \u63d2\u5165\u5230\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u4f4d\u7f6e\n        while (j >= 1 and nums[j - 1] > base) : (j -= 1) {\n            nums[j] = nums[j - 1];  // \u5c06 nums[j] \u5411\u53f3\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n        }\n        nums[j] = base;             // \u5c06 base \u8d4b\u503c\u5230\u6b63\u786e\u4f4d\u7f6e\n    }\n}\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_sorting/insertion_sort/#1142","title":"11.4.2 \u00a0 \u7b97\u6cd5\u7279\u6027","text":"
    • \u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n^2)\\)\u3001\u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u6392\u5e8f\uff1a\u5728\u6700\u5dee\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u63d2\u5165\u64cd\u4f5c\u5206\u522b\u9700\u8981\u5faa\u73af \\(n - 1\\)\u3001\\(n-2\\)\u3001\\(\\dots\\)\u3001\\(2\\)\u3001\\(1\\) \u6b21\uff0c\u6c42\u548c\u5f97\u5230 \\((n - 1) n / 2\\) \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n^2)\\) \u3002\u5728\u9047\u5230\u6709\u5e8f\u6570\u636e\u65f6\uff0c\u63d2\u5165\u64cd\u4f5c\u4f1a\u63d0\u524d\u7ec8\u6b62\u3002\u5f53\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u7ec4\u5b8c\u5168\u6709\u5e8f\u65f6\uff0c\u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u4f73\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 \\(O(n)\\) \u3002
    • \u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(1)\\)\u3001\u539f\u5730\u6392\u5e8f\uff1a\u6307\u9488 \\(i\\) \u548c \\(j\\) \u4f7f\u7528\u5e38\u6570\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u989d\u5916\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002
    • \u7a33\u5b9a\u6392\u5e8f\uff1a\u5728\u63d2\u5165\u64cd\u4f5c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u5c06\u5143\u7d20\u63d2\u5165\u5230\u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u53f3\u4fa7\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6539\u53d8\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_sorting/insertion_sort/#1143","title":"11.4.3 \u00a0 \u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u4f18\u52bf","text":"

    \u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n^2)\\) \uff0c\u800c\u6211\u4eec\u5373\u5c06\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n \\log n)\\) \u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u66f4\u9ad8\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f\u901a\u5e38\u66f4\u5feb\u3002

    \u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ed3\u8bba\u4e0e\u7ebf\u6027\u67e5\u627e\u548c\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u7684\u9002\u7528\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u7c7b\u4f3c\u3002\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u8fd9\u7c7b \\(O(n \\log n)\\) \u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u5c5e\u4e8e\u57fa\u4e8e\u5206\u6cbb\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u5305\u542b\u66f4\u591a\u5355\u5143\u8ba1\u7b97\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u800c\u5728\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u8f83\u5c0f\u65f6\uff0c\\(n^2\\) \u548c \\(n \\log n\\) \u7684\u6570\u503c\u6bd4\u8f83\u63a5\u8fd1\uff0c\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e0d\u5360\u4e3b\u5bfc\u5730\u4f4d\uff1b\u6bcf\u8f6e\u4e2d\u7684\u5355\u5143\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u91cf\u8d77\u5230\u51b3\u5b9a\u6027\u4f5c\u7528\u3002

    \u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\uff08\u4f8b\u5982 Java\uff09\u7684\u5185\u7f6e\u6392\u5e8f\u51fd\u6570\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u5927\u81f4\u601d\u8def\u4e3a\uff1a\u5bf9\u4e8e\u957f\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u57fa\u4e8e\u5206\u6cbb\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\uff1b\u5bf9\u4e8e\u77ed\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f\u3002

    \u867d\u7136\u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\u3001\u9009\u62e9\u6392\u5e8f\u548c\u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u90fd\u4e3a \\(O(n^2)\\) \uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u60c5\u51b5\u4e2d\uff0c\u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u9891\u7387\u663e\u8457\u9ad8\u4e8e\u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\u548c\u9009\u62e9\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u539f\u56e0\u3002

    • \u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\u57fa\u4e8e\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u501f\u52a9\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e34\u65f6\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u5171\u6d89\u53ca 3 \u4e2a\u5355\u5143\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1b\u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f\u57fa\u4e8e\u5143\u7d20\u8d4b\u503c\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u4ec5\u9700 1 \u4e2a\u5355\u5143\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u5f00\u9500\u901a\u5e38\u6bd4\u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f\u66f4\u9ad8\u3002
    • \u9009\u62e9\u6392\u5e8f\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u90fd\u4e3a \\(O(n^2)\\) \u3002\u5982\u679c\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u7ec4\u90e8\u5206\u6709\u5e8f\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f\u901a\u5e38\u6bd4\u9009\u62e9\u6392\u5e8f\u6548\u7387\u66f4\u9ad8\u3002
    • \u9009\u62e9\u6392\u5e8f\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u591a\u7ea7\u6392\u5e8f\u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_sorting/merge_sort/","title":"11.6 \u00a0 \u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f","text":"

    \u300c\u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f merge sort\u300d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u57fa\u4e8e\u5206\u6cbb\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u56fe 11-10 \u6240\u793a\u7684\u201c\u5212\u5206\u201d\u548c\u201c\u5408\u5e76\u201d\u9636\u6bb5\u3002

    1. \u5212\u5206\u9636\u6bb5\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u9012\u5f52\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u4ece\u4e2d\u70b9\u5904\u5206\u5f00\uff0c\u5c06\u957f\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u95ee\u9898\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u77ed\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u95ee\u9898\u3002
    2. \u5408\u5e76\u9636\u6bb5\uff1a\u5f53\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\u5212\u5206\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u5408\u5e76\uff0c\u6301\u7eed\u5730\u5c06\u5de6\u53f3\u4e24\u4e2a\u8f83\u77ed\u7684\u6709\u5e8f\u6570\u7ec4\u5408\u5e76\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f83\u957f\u7684\u6709\u5e8f\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u7ed3\u675f\u3002

    \u56fe 11-10 \u00a0 \u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u5212\u5206\u4e0e\u5408\u5e76\u9636\u6bb5

    "},{"location":"chapter_sorting/merge_sort/#1161","title":"11.6.1 \u00a0 \u7b97\u6cd5\u6d41\u7a0b","text":"

    \u5982\u56fe 11-11 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u201c\u5212\u5206\u9636\u6bb5\u201d\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u9012\u5f52\u5730\u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u4ece\u4e2d\u70b9\u5207\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u3002

    1. \u8ba1\u7b97\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u70b9 mid \uff0c\u9012\u5f52\u5212\u5206\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\uff08\u533a\u95f4 [left, mid] \uff09\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\uff08\u533a\u95f4 [mid + 1, right] \uff09\u3002
    2. \u9012\u5f52\u6267\u884c\u6b65\u9aa4 1. \uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u533a\u95f4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\u3002

    \u201c\u5408\u5e76\u9636\u6bb5\u201d\u4ece\u5e95\u81f3\u9876\u5730\u5c06\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5408\u5e76\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u5e8f\u6570\u7ec4\u3002\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4ece\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u7684\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5f00\u59cb\u5408\u5e76\uff0c\u5408\u5e76\u9636\u6bb5\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u90fd\u662f\u6709\u5e8f\u7684\u3002

    <1><2><3><4><5><6><7><8><9><10>

    \u56fe 11-11 \u00a0 \u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f\u6b65\u9aa4

    \u89c2\u5bdf\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f\u4e0e\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u7684\u9012\u5f52\u987a\u5e8f\u662f\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u3002

    • \u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff1a\u5148\u9012\u5f52\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\uff0c\u518d\u9012\u5f52\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u5904\u7406\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u3002
    • \u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f\uff1a\u5148\u9012\u5f52\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u518d\u9012\u5f52\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u5904\u7406\u5408\u5e76\u3002

    \u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u5982\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u6240\u793a\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0cnums \u7684\u5f85\u5408\u5e76\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [left, right] \uff0c\u800c tmp \u7684\u5bf9\u5e94\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [0, right - left] \u3002

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig merge_sort.py
    def merge(nums: list[int], left: int, mid: int, right: int):\n    \"\"\"\u5408\u5e76\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\"\"\"\n    # \u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [left, mid], \u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [mid+1, right]\n    # \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e34\u65f6\u6570\u7ec4 tmp \uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u653e\u5408\u5e76\u540e\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\n    tmp = [0] * (right - left + 1)\n    # \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u7d22\u5f15\n    i, j, k = left, mid + 1, 0\n    # \u5f53\u5de6\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u90fd\u8fd8\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u65f6\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\u5e76\u5c06\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u590d\u5236\u5230\u4e34\u65f6\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\n    while i <= mid and j <= right:\n        if nums[i] <= nums[j]:\n            tmp[k] = nums[i]\n            i += 1\n        else:\n            tmp[k] = nums[j]\n            j += 1\n        k += 1\n    # \u5c06\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5269\u4f59\u5143\u7d20\u590d\u5236\u5230\u4e34\u65f6\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\n    while i <= mid:\n        tmp[k] = nums[i]\n        i += 1\n        k += 1\n    while j <= right:\n        tmp[k] = nums[j]\n        j += 1\n        k += 1\n    # \u5c06\u4e34\u65f6\u6570\u7ec4 tmp \u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u590d\u5236\u56de\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums \u7684\u5bf9\u5e94\u533a\u95f4\n    for k in range(0, len(tmp)):\n        nums[left + k] = tmp[k]\n\ndef merge_sort(nums: list[int], left: int, right: int):\n    \"\"\"\u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f\"\"\"\n    # \u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6\n    if left >= right:\n        return  # \u5f53\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\u9012\u5f52\n    # \u5212\u5206\u9636\u6bb5\n    mid = (left + right) // 2  # \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\n    merge_sort(nums, left, mid)  # \u9012\u5f52\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n    merge_sort(nums, mid + 1, right)  # \u9012\u5f52\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n    # \u5408\u5e76\u9636\u6bb5\n    merge(nums, left, mid, right)\n
    merge_sort.cpp
    /* \u5408\u5e76\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4 */\nvoid merge(vector<int> &nums, int left, int mid, int right) {\n    // \u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [left, mid], \u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [mid+1, right]\n    // \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e34\u65f6\u6570\u7ec4 tmp \uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u653e\u5408\u5e76\u540e\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\n    vector<int> tmp(right - left + 1);\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u7d22\u5f15\n    int i = left, j = mid + 1, k = 0;\n    // \u5f53\u5de6\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u90fd\u8fd8\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u65f6\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\u5e76\u5c06\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u590d\u5236\u5230\u4e34\u65f6\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\n    while (i <= mid && j <= right) {\n        if (nums[i] <= nums[j])\n            tmp[k++] = nums[i++];\n        else\n            tmp[k++] = nums[j++];\n    }\n    // \u5c06\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5269\u4f59\u5143\u7d20\u590d\u5236\u5230\u4e34\u65f6\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\n    while (i <= mid) {\n        tmp[k++] = nums[i++];\n    }\n    while (j <= right) {\n        tmp[k++] = nums[j++];\n    }\n    // \u5c06\u4e34\u65f6\u6570\u7ec4 tmp \u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u590d\u5236\u56de\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums \u7684\u5bf9\u5e94\u533a\u95f4\n    for (k = 0; k < tmp.size(); k++) {\n        nums[left + k] = tmp[k];\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid mergeSort(vector<int> &nums, int left, int right) {\n    // \u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6\n    if (left >= right)\n        return; // \u5f53\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\u9012\u5f52\n    // \u5212\u5206\u9636\u6bb5\n    int mid = (left + right) / 2;    // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\n    mergeSort(nums, left, mid);      // \u9012\u5f52\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n    mergeSort(nums, mid + 1, right); // \u9012\u5f52\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n    // \u5408\u5e76\u9636\u6bb5\n    merge(nums, left, mid, right);\n}\n
    merge_sort.java
    /* \u5408\u5e76\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4 */\nvoid merge(int[] nums, int left, int mid, int right) {\n    // \u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [left, mid], \u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [mid+1, right]\n    // \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e34\u65f6\u6570\u7ec4 tmp \uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u653e\u5408\u5e76\u540e\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\n    int[] tmp = new int[right - left + 1];\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u7d22\u5f15\n    int i = left, j = mid + 1, k = 0;\n    // \u5f53\u5de6\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u90fd\u8fd8\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u65f6\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\u5e76\u5c06\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u590d\u5236\u5230\u4e34\u65f6\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\n    while (i <= mid && j <= right) {\n        if (nums[i] <= nums[j])\n            tmp[k++] = nums[i++];\n        else\n            tmp[k++] = nums[j++];\n    }\n    // \u5c06\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5269\u4f59\u5143\u7d20\u590d\u5236\u5230\u4e34\u65f6\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\n    while (i <= mid) {\n        tmp[k++] = nums[i++];\n    }\n    while (j <= right) {\n        tmp[k++] = nums[j++];\n    }\n    // \u5c06\u4e34\u65f6\u6570\u7ec4 tmp \u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u590d\u5236\u56de\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums \u7684\u5bf9\u5e94\u533a\u95f4\n    for (k = 0; k < tmp.length; k++) {\n        nums[left + k] = tmp[k];\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid mergeSort(int[] nums, int left, int right) {\n    // \u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6\n    if (left >= right)\n        return; // \u5f53\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\u9012\u5f52\n    // \u5212\u5206\u9636\u6bb5\n    int mid = (left + right) / 2; // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\n    mergeSort(nums, left, mid); // \u9012\u5f52\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n    mergeSort(nums, mid + 1, right); // \u9012\u5f52\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n    // \u5408\u5e76\u9636\u6bb5\n    merge(nums, left, mid, right);\n}\n
    merge_sort.cs
    /* \u5408\u5e76\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4 */\nvoid Merge(int[] nums, int left, int mid, int right) {\n    // \u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [left, mid], \u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [mid+1, right]\n    // \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e34\u65f6\u6570\u7ec4 tmp \uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u653e\u5408\u5e76\u540e\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\n    int[] tmp = new int[right - left + 1];\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u7d22\u5f15\n    int i = left, j = mid + 1, k = 0;\n    // \u5f53\u5de6\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u90fd\u8fd8\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u65f6\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\u5e76\u5c06\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u590d\u5236\u5230\u4e34\u65f6\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\n    while (i <= mid && j <= right) {\n        if (nums[i] <= nums[j])\n            tmp[k++] = nums[i++];\n        else\n            tmp[k++] = nums[j++];\n    }\n    // \u5c06\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5269\u4f59\u5143\u7d20\u590d\u5236\u5230\u4e34\u65f6\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\n    while (i <= mid) {\n        tmp[k++] = nums[i++];\n    }\n    while (j <= right) {\n        tmp[k++] = nums[j++];\n    }\n    // \u5c06\u4e34\u65f6\u6570\u7ec4 tmp \u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u590d\u5236\u56de\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums \u7684\u5bf9\u5e94\u533a\u95f4\n    for (k = 0; k < tmp.Length; ++k) {\n        nums[left + k] = tmp[k];\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid MergeSort(int[] nums, int left, int right) {\n    // \u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6\n    if (left >= right) return;       // \u5f53\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\u9012\u5f52\n    // \u5212\u5206\u9636\u6bb5\n    int mid = (left + right) / 2;    // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\n    MergeSort(nums, left, mid);      // \u9012\u5f52\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n    MergeSort(nums, mid + 1, right); // \u9012\u5f52\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n    // \u5408\u5e76\u9636\u6bb5\n    Merge(nums, left, mid, right);\n}\n
    merge_sort.go
    /* \u5408\u5e76\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4 */\nfunc merge(nums []int, left, mid, right int) {\n    // \u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [left, mid], \u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [mid+1, right]\n    // \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e34\u65f6\u6570\u7ec4 tmp \uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u653e\u5408\u5e76\u540e\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\n    tmp := make([]int, right-left+1)\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u7d22\u5f15\n    i, j, k := left, mid+1, 0\n    // \u5f53\u5de6\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u90fd\u8fd8\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u65f6\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\u5e76\u5c06\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u590d\u5236\u5230\u4e34\u65f6\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\n    for i <= mid && j <= right {\n        if nums[i] <= nums[j] {\n            tmp[k] = nums[i]\n            i++\n        } else {\n            tmp[k] = nums[j]\n            j++\n        }\n        k++\n    }\n    // \u5c06\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5269\u4f59\u5143\u7d20\u590d\u5236\u5230\u4e34\u65f6\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\n    for i <= mid {\n        tmp[k] = nums[i]\n        i++\n        k++\n    }\n    for j <= right {\n        tmp[k] = nums[j]\n        j++\n        k++\n    }\n    // \u5c06\u4e34\u65f6\u6570\u7ec4 tmp \u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u590d\u5236\u56de\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums \u7684\u5bf9\u5e94\u533a\u95f4\n    for k := 0; k < len(tmp); k++ {\n        nums[left+k] = tmp[k]\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f */\nfunc mergeSort(nums []int, left, right int) {\n    // \u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6\n    if left >= right {\n        return\n    }\n    // \u5212\u5206\u9636\u6bb5\n    mid := (left + right) / 2\n    mergeSort(nums, left, mid)\n    mergeSort(nums, mid+1, right)\n    // \u5408\u5e76\u9636\u6bb5\n    merge(nums, left, mid, right)\n}\n
    merge_sort.swift
    /* \u5408\u5e76\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4 */\nfunc merge(nums: inout [Int], left: Int, mid: Int, right: Int) {\n    // \u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [left, mid], \u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [mid+1, right]\n    // \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e34\u65f6\u6570\u7ec4 tmp \uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u653e\u5408\u5e76\u540e\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\n    var tmp = Array(repeating: 0, count: right - left + 1)\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u7d22\u5f15\n    var i = left, j = mid + 1, k = 0\n    // \u5f53\u5de6\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u90fd\u8fd8\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u65f6\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\u5e76\u5c06\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u590d\u5236\u5230\u4e34\u65f6\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\n    while i <= mid, j <= right {\n        if nums[i] <= nums[j] {\n            tmp[k] = nums[i]\n            i += 1\n            k += 1\n        } else {\n            tmp[k] = nums[j]\n            j += 1\n            k += 1\n        }\n    }\n    // \u5c06\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5269\u4f59\u5143\u7d20\u590d\u5236\u5230\u4e34\u65f6\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\n    while i <= mid {\n        tmp[k] = nums[i]\n        i += 1\n        k += 1\n    }\n    while j <= right {\n        tmp[k] = nums[j]\n        j += 1\n        k += 1\n    }\n    // \u5c06\u4e34\u65f6\u6570\u7ec4 tmp \u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u590d\u5236\u56de\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums \u7684\u5bf9\u5e94\u533a\u95f4\n    for k in tmp.indices {\n        nums[left + k] = tmp[k]\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f */\nfunc mergeSort(nums: inout [Int], left: Int, right: Int) {\n    // \u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6\n    if left >= right { // \u5f53\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\u9012\u5f52\n        return\n    }\n    // \u5212\u5206\u9636\u6bb5\n    let mid = (left + right) / 2 // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\n    mergeSort(nums: &nums, left: left, right: mid) // \u9012\u5f52\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n    mergeSort(nums: &nums, left: mid + 1, right: right) // \u9012\u5f52\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n    // \u5408\u5e76\u9636\u6bb5\n    merge(nums: &nums, left: left, mid: mid, right: right)\n}\n
    merge_sort.js
    /* \u5408\u5e76\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4 */\nfunction merge(nums, left, mid, right) {\n    // \u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [left, mid], \u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [mid+1, right]\n    // \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e34\u65f6\u6570\u7ec4 tmp \uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u653e\u5408\u5e76\u540e\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\n    const tmp = new Array(right - left + 1);\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u7d22\u5f15\n    let i = left,\n        j = mid + 1,\n        k = 0;\n    // \u5f53\u5de6\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u90fd\u8fd8\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u65f6\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\u5e76\u5c06\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u590d\u5236\u5230\u4e34\u65f6\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\n    while (i <= mid && j <= right) {\n        if (nums[i] <= nums[j]) {\n            tmp[k++] = nums[i++];\n        } else {\n            tmp[k++] = nums[j++];\n        }\n    }\n    // \u5c06\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5269\u4f59\u5143\u7d20\u590d\u5236\u5230\u4e34\u65f6\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\n    while (i <= mid) {\n        tmp[k++] = nums[i++];\n    }\n    while (j <= right) {\n        tmp[k++] = nums[j++];\n    }\n    // \u5c06\u4e34\u65f6\u6570\u7ec4 tmp \u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u590d\u5236\u56de\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums \u7684\u5bf9\u5e94\u533a\u95f4\n    for (k = 0; k < tmp.length; k++) {\n        nums[left + k] = tmp[k];\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f */\nfunction mergeSort(nums, left, right) {\n    // \u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6\n    if (left >= right) return; // \u5f53\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\u9012\u5f52\n    // \u5212\u5206\u9636\u6bb5\n    let mid = Math.floor((left + right) / 2); // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\n    mergeSort(nums, left, mid); // \u9012\u5f52\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n    mergeSort(nums, mid + 1, right); // \u9012\u5f52\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n    // \u5408\u5e76\u9636\u6bb5\n    merge(nums, left, mid, right);\n}\n
    merge_sort.ts
    /* \u5408\u5e76\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4 */\nfunction merge(nums: number[], left: number, mid: number, right: number): void {\n    // \u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [left, mid], \u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [mid+1, right]\n    // \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e34\u65f6\u6570\u7ec4 tmp \uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u653e\u5408\u5e76\u540e\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\n    const tmp = new Array(right - left + 1);\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u7d22\u5f15\n    let i = left,\n        j = mid + 1,\n        k = 0;\n    // \u5f53\u5de6\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u90fd\u8fd8\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u65f6\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\u5e76\u5c06\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u590d\u5236\u5230\u4e34\u65f6\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\n    while (i <= mid && j <= right) {\n        if (nums[i] <= nums[j]) {\n            tmp[k++] = nums[i++];\n        } else {\n            tmp[k++] = nums[j++];\n        }\n    }\n    // \u5c06\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5269\u4f59\u5143\u7d20\u590d\u5236\u5230\u4e34\u65f6\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\n    while (i <= mid) {\n        tmp[k++] = nums[i++];\n    }\n    while (j <= right) {\n        tmp[k++] = nums[j++];\n    }\n    // \u5c06\u4e34\u65f6\u6570\u7ec4 tmp \u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u590d\u5236\u56de\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums \u7684\u5bf9\u5e94\u533a\u95f4\n    for (k = 0; k < tmp.length; k++) {\n        nums[left + k] = tmp[k];\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f */\nfunction mergeSort(nums: number[], left: number, right: number): void {\n    // \u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6\n    if (left >= right) return; // \u5f53\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\u9012\u5f52\n    // \u5212\u5206\u9636\u6bb5\n    let mid = Math.floor((left + right) / 2); // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\n    mergeSort(nums, left, mid); // \u9012\u5f52\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n    mergeSort(nums, mid + 1, right); // \u9012\u5f52\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n    // \u5408\u5e76\u9636\u6bb5\n    merge(nums, left, mid, right);\n}\n
    merge_sort.dart
    /* \u5408\u5e76\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4 */\nvoid merge(List<int> nums, int left, int mid, int right) {\n  // \u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [left, mid], \u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [mid+1, right]\n  // \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e34\u65f6\u6570\u7ec4 tmp \uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u653e\u5408\u5e76\u540e\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\n  List<int> tmp = List.filled(right - left + 1, 0);\n  // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u7d22\u5f15\n  int i = left, j = mid + 1, k = 0;\n  // \u5f53\u5de6\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u90fd\u8fd8\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u65f6\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\u5e76\u5c06\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u590d\u5236\u5230\u4e34\u65f6\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\n  while (i <= mid && j <= right) {\n    if (nums[i] <= nums[j])\n      tmp[k++] = nums[i++];\n    else\n      tmp[k++] = nums[j++];\n  }\n  // \u5c06\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5269\u4f59\u5143\u7d20\u590d\u5236\u5230\u4e34\u65f6\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\n  while (i <= mid) {\n    tmp[k++] = nums[i++];\n  }\n  while (j <= right) {\n    tmp[k++] = nums[j++];\n  }\n  // \u5c06\u4e34\u65f6\u6570\u7ec4 tmp \u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u590d\u5236\u56de\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums \u7684\u5bf9\u5e94\u533a\u95f4\n  for (k = 0; k < tmp.length; k++) {\n    nums[left + k] = tmp[k];\n  }\n}\n\n/* \u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid mergeSort(List<int> nums, int left, int right) {\n  // \u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6\n  if (left >= right) return; // \u5f53\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\u9012\u5f52\n  // \u5212\u5206\u9636\u6bb5\n  int mid = (left + right) ~/ 2; // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\n  mergeSort(nums, left, mid); // \u9012\u5f52\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n  mergeSort(nums, mid + 1, right); // \u9012\u5f52\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n  // \u5408\u5e76\u9636\u6bb5\n  merge(nums, left, mid, right);\n}\n
    merge_sort.rs
    /* \u5408\u5e76\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4 */\nfn merge(nums: &mut [i32], left: usize, mid: usize, right: usize) {\n    // \u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [left, mid], \u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [mid+1, right]\n    // \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e34\u65f6\u6570\u7ec4 tmp \uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u653e\u5408\u5e76\u540e\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\n    let tmp_size = right - left + 1;\n    let mut tmp = vec![0; tmp_size];\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u7d22\u5f15\n    let (mut i, mut j, mut k) = (left, mid + 1, 0);\n    // \u5f53\u5de6\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u90fd\u8fd8\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u65f6\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\u5e76\u5c06\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u590d\u5236\u5230\u4e34\u65f6\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\n    while i <= mid && j <= right {\n        if nums[i] <= nums[j] {\n            tmp[k] = nums[j];\n            i += 1;\n        } else {\n            tmp[k] = nums[j];\n            j += 1;\n        }\n        k += 1;\n    }\n    // \u5c06\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5269\u4f59\u5143\u7d20\u590d\u5236\u5230\u4e34\u65f6\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\n    while i <= mid {\n        tmp[k] = nums[i];\n        k += 1;\n        i += 1;\n    }\n    while j <= right {\n        tmp[k] = nums[j];\n        k += 1;\n        j += 1;\n    }\n    // \u5c06\u4e34\u65f6\u6570\u7ec4 tmp \u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u590d\u5236\u56de\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums \u7684\u5bf9\u5e94\u533a\u95f4\n    for k in 0..tmp_size {\n        nums[left + k] = tmp[k];\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f */\nfn merge_sort(nums: &mut [i32], left: usize, right: usize) {\n    // \u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6\n    if left >= right { return; }             // \u5f53\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\u9012\u5f52\n    // \u5212\u5206\u9636\u6bb5\n    let mid = (left + right) / 2;     // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\n    merge_sort(nums, left, mid);      // \u9012\u5f52\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n    merge_sort(nums, mid + 1, right);  // \u9012\u5f52\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n    // \u5408\u5e76\u9636\u6bb5\n    merge(nums, left, mid, right);\n}\n
    merge_sort.c
    /* \u5408\u5e76\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4 */\nvoid merge(int *nums, int left, int mid, int right) {\n    // \u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [left, mid], \u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [mid+1, right]\n    // \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e34\u65f6\u6570\u7ec4 tmp \uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u653e\u5408\u5e76\u540e\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\n    int tmpSize = right - left + 1;\n    int *tmp = (int *)malloc(tmpSize * sizeof(int));\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u7d22\u5f15\n    int i = left, j = mid + 1, k = 0;\n    // \u5f53\u5de6\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u90fd\u8fd8\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u65f6\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\u5e76\u5c06\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u590d\u5236\u5230\u4e34\u65f6\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\n    while (i <= mid && j <= right) {\n        if (nums[i] <= nums[j]) {\n            tmp[k++] = nums[i++];\n        } else {\n            tmp[k++] = nums[j++];\n        }\n    }\n    // \u5c06\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5269\u4f59\u5143\u7d20\u590d\u5236\u5230\u4e34\u65f6\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\n    while (i <= mid) {\n        tmp[k++] = nums[i++];\n    }\n    while (j <= right) {\n        tmp[k++] = nums[j++];\n    }\n    // \u5c06\u4e34\u65f6\u6570\u7ec4 tmp \u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u590d\u5236\u56de\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums \u7684\u5bf9\u5e94\u533a\u95f4\n    for (k = 0; k < tmpSize; ++k) {\n        nums[left + k] = tmp[k];\n    }\n    // \u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\n    free(tmp);\n}\n\n/* \u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid mergeSort(int *nums, int left, int right) {\n    // \u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6\n    if (left >= right)\n        return; // \u5f53\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\u9012\u5f52\n    // \u5212\u5206\u9636\u6bb5\n    int mid = (left + right) / 2;    // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\n    mergeSort(nums, left, mid);      // \u9012\u5f52\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n    mergeSort(nums, mid + 1, right); // \u9012\u5f52\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n    // \u5408\u5e76\u9636\u6bb5\n    merge(nums, left, mid, right);\n}\n
    merge_sort.zig
    // \u5408\u5e76\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n// \u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u533a\u95f4 [left, mid]\n// \u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u533a\u95f4 [mid + 1, right]\nfn merge(nums: []i32, left: usize, mid: usize, right: usize) !void {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u8f85\u52a9\u6570\u7ec4\n    var mem_arena = std.heap.ArenaAllocator.init(std.heap.page_allocator);\n    defer mem_arena.deinit();\n    const mem_allocator = mem_arena.allocator();\n    var tmp = try mem_allocator.alloc(i32, right + 1 - left);\n    std.mem.copy(i32, tmp, nums[left..right+1]);\n    // \u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u7d22\u5f15\u548c\u7ed3\u675f\u7d22\u5f15  \n    var leftStart = left - left;\n    var leftEnd = mid - left;\n    // \u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u7d22\u5f15\u548c\u7ed3\u675f\u7d22\u5f15       \n    var rightStart = mid + 1 - left;\n    var rightEnd = right - left;\n    // i, j \u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u9996\u5143\u7d20\n    var i = leftStart;\n    var j = rightStart;\n    // \u901a\u8fc7\u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums \u6765\u5408\u5e76\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n    var k = left;\n    while (k <= right) : (k += 1) {\n        // \u82e5\u201c\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u5168\u90e8\u5408\u5e76\u5b8c\u201d\uff0c\u5219\u9009\u53d6\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14 j++\n        if (i > leftEnd) {\n            nums[k] = tmp[j];\n            j += 1;\n        // \u5426\u5219\uff0c\u82e5\u201c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5df2\u5168\u90e8\u5408\u5e76\u5b8c\u201d\u6216\u201c\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20 <= \u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u201d\uff0c\u5219\u9009\u53d6\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14 i++\n        } else if  (j > rightEnd or tmp[i] <= tmp[j]) {\n            nums[k] = tmp[i];\n            i += 1;\n        // \u5426\u5219\uff0c\u82e5\u201c\u5de6\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u90fd\u672a\u5168\u90e8\u5408\u5e76\u5b8c\u201d\u4e14\u201c\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20 > \u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u201d\uff0c\u5219\u9009\u53d6\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14 j++\n        } else {\n            nums[k] = tmp[j];\n            j += 1;\n        }\n    }\n}\n\n// \u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f\nfn mergeSort(nums: []i32, left: usize, right: usize) !void {\n    // \u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6\n    if (left >= right) return;              // \u5f53\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\u9012\u5f52\n    // \u5212\u5206\u9636\u6bb5\n    var mid = (left + right) / 2;           // \u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u70b9\n    try mergeSort(nums, left, mid);         // \u9012\u5f52\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n    try mergeSort(nums, mid + 1, right);    // \u9012\u5f52\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n    // \u5408\u5e76\u9636\u6bb5\n    try merge(nums, left, mid, right);\n}\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_sorting/merge_sort/#1162","title":"11.6.2 \u00a0 \u7b97\u6cd5\u7279\u6027","text":"
    • \u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n \\log n)\\)\u3001\u975e\u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u6392\u5e8f\uff1a\u5212\u5206\u4ea7\u751f\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(\\log n\\) \u7684\u9012\u5f52\u6811\uff0c\u6bcf\u5c42\u5408\u5e76\u7684\u603b\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u91cf\u4e3a \\(n\\) \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u603b\u4f53\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n \\log n)\\) \u3002
    • \u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n)\\)\u3001\u975e\u539f\u5730\u6392\u5e8f\uff1a\u9012\u5f52\u6df1\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(\\log n\\) \uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(\\log n)\\) \u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u6808\u5e27\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u5408\u5e76\u64cd\u4f5c\u9700\u8981\u501f\u52a9\u8f85\u52a9\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(n)\\) \u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u989d\u5916\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002
    • \u7a33\u5b9a\u6392\u5e8f\uff1a\u5728\u5408\u5e76\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6b21\u5e8f\u4fdd\u6301\u4e0d\u53d8\u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_sorting/merge_sort/#1163","title":"11.6.3 \u00a0 \u94fe\u8868\u6392\u5e8f","text":"

    \u5bf9\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\uff0c\u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f\u76f8\u8f83\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u5177\u6709\u663e\u8457\u4f18\u52bf\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u94fe\u8868\u6392\u5e8f\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4f18\u5316\u81f3 \\(O(1)\\) \u3002

    • \u5212\u5206\u9636\u6bb5\uff1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u201c\u8fed\u4ee3\u201d\u66ff\u4ee3\u201c\u9012\u5f52\u201d\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u94fe\u8868\u5212\u5206\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u7701\u53bb\u9012\u5f52\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6808\u5e27\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002
    • \u5408\u5e76\u9636\u6bb5\uff1a\u5728\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\uff0c\u8282\u70b9\u589e\u5220\u64cd\u4f5c\u4ec5\u9700\u6539\u53d8\u5f15\u7528\uff08\u6307\u9488\uff09\u5373\u53ef\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5408\u5e76\u9636\u6bb5\uff08\u5c06\u4e24\u4e2a\u77ed\u6709\u5e8f\u94fe\u8868\u5408\u5e76\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u6709\u5e8f\u94fe\u8868\uff09\u65e0\u987b\u521b\u5efa\u989d\u5916\u94fe\u8868\u3002

    \u5177\u4f53\u5b9e\u73b0\u7ec6\u8282\u6bd4\u8f83\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u6709\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u8bfb\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u67e5\u9605\u76f8\u5173\u8d44\u6599\u8fdb\u884c\u5b66\u4e60\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_sorting/quick_sort/","title":"11.5 \u00a0 \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f","text":"

    \u300c\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f quick sort\u300d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u57fa\u4e8e\u5206\u6cbb\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u8fd0\u884c\u9ad8\u6548\uff0c\u5e94\u7528\u5e7f\u6cdb\u3002

    \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u64cd\u4f5c\u662f\u201c\u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u201d\uff0c\u5176\u76ee\u6807\u662f\uff1a\u9009\u62e9\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u67d0\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u4f5c\u4e3a\u201c\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u201d\uff0c\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u5c0f\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u79fb\u5230\u5176\u5de6\u4fa7\uff0c\u800c\u5927\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u79fb\u5230\u5176\u53f3\u4fa7\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u7684\u6d41\u7a0b\u5982\u56fe 11-8 \u6240\u793a\u3002

    1. \u9009\u53d6\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5de6\u7aef\u5143\u7d20\u4f5c\u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\uff0c\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e24\u4e2a\u6307\u9488 i \u548c j \u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u4e24\u7aef\u3002
    2. \u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u5728\u6bcf\u8f6e\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528 i\uff08j\uff09\u5206\u522b\u5bfb\u627e\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6bd4\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u5927\uff08\u5c0f\uff09\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4ea4\u6362\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u3002
    3. \u5faa\u73af\u6267\u884c\u6b65\u9aa4 2. \uff0c\u76f4\u5230 i \u548c j \u76f8\u9047\u65f6\u505c\u6b62\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u5c06\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5206\u754c\u7ebf\u3002
    <1><2><3><4><5><6><7><8><9>

    \u56fe 11-8 \u00a0 \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u6b65\u9aa4

    \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\u88ab\u5212\u5206\u6210\u4e09\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u3001\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u4e14\u6ee1\u8db3\u201c\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u4efb\u610f\u5143\u7d20 \\(\\leq\\) \u57fa\u51c6\u6570 \\(\\leq\\) \u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u4efb\u610f\u5143\u7d20\u201d\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u53ea\u9700\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\u3002

    \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u5206\u6cbb\u7b56\u7565

    \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u7684\u5b9e\u8d28\u662f\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f83\u957f\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u95ee\u9898\u7b80\u5316\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u8f83\u77ed\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u95ee\u9898\u3002

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig quick_sort.py
    def partition(self, nums: list[int], left: int, right: int) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\"\"\"\n    # \u4ee5 nums[left] \u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\n    i, j = left, right\n    while i < j:\n        while i < j and nums[j] >= nums[left]:\n            j -= 1  # \u4ece\u53f3\u5411\u5de6\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n        while i < j and nums[i] <= nums[left]:\n            i += 1  # \u4ece\u5de6\u5411\u53f3\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n        # \u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\n        nums[i], nums[j] = nums[j], nums[i]\n    # \u5c06\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u4e24\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5206\u754c\u7ebf\n    nums[i], nums[left] = nums[left], nums[i]\n    return i  # \u8fd4\u56de\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n
    quick_sort.cpp
    /* \u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362 */\nvoid swap(vector<int> &nums, int i, int j) {\n    int tmp = nums[i];\n    nums[i] = nums[j];\n    nums[j] = tmp;\n}\n\n/* \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206 */\nint partition(vector<int> &nums, int left, int right) {\n    // \u4ee5 nums[left] \u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\n    int i = left, j = right;\n    while (i < j) {\n        while (i < j && nums[j] >= nums[left])\n            j--; // \u4ece\u53f3\u5411\u5de6\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n        while (i < j && nums[i] <= nums[left])\n            i++;          // \u4ece\u5de6\u5411\u53f3\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n        swap(nums, i, j); // \u4ea4\u6362\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\n    }\n    swap(nums, i, left); // \u5c06\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u4e24\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5206\u754c\u7ebf\n    return i;            // \u8fd4\u56de\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n}\n
    quick_sort.java
    /* \u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362 */\nvoid swap(int[] nums, int i, int j) {\n    int tmp = nums[i];\n    nums[i] = nums[j];\n    nums[j] = tmp;\n}\n\n/* \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206 */\nint partition(int[] nums, int left, int right) {\n    // \u4ee5 nums[left] \u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\n    int i = left, j = right;\n    while (i < j) {\n        while (i < j && nums[j] >= nums[left])\n            j--;          // \u4ece\u53f3\u5411\u5de6\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n        while (i < j && nums[i] <= nums[left])\n            i++;          // \u4ece\u5de6\u5411\u53f3\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n        swap(nums, i, j); // \u4ea4\u6362\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\n    }\n    swap(nums, i, left);  // \u5c06\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u4e24\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5206\u754c\u7ebf\n    return i;             // \u8fd4\u56de\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n}\n
    quick_sort.cs
    /* \u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362 */\nvoid Swap(int[] nums, int i, int j) {\n    (nums[j], nums[i]) = (nums[i], nums[j]);\n}\n\n/* \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206 */\nint Partition(int[] nums, int left, int right) {\n    // \u4ee5 nums[left] \u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\n    int i = left, j = right;\n    while (i < j) {\n        while (i < j && nums[j] >= nums[left])\n            j--;          // \u4ece\u53f3\u5411\u5de6\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n        while (i < j && nums[i] <= nums[left])\n            i++;          // \u4ece\u5de6\u5411\u53f3\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n        Swap(nums, i, j); // \u4ea4\u6362\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\n    }\n    Swap(nums, i, left);  // \u5c06\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u4e24\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5206\u754c\u7ebf\n    return i;             // \u8fd4\u56de\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n}\n
    quick_sort.go
    /* \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206 */\nfunc (q *quickSort) partition(nums []int, left, right int) int {\n    // \u4ee5 nums[left] \u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\n    i, j := left, right\n    for i < j {\n        for i < j && nums[j] >= nums[left] {\n            j-- // \u4ece\u53f3\u5411\u5de6\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n        }\n        for i < j && nums[i] <= nums[left] {\n            i++ // \u4ece\u5de6\u5411\u53f3\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n        }\n        // \u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\n        nums[i], nums[j] = nums[j], nums[i]\n    }\n    // \u5c06\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u4e24\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5206\u754c\u7ebf\n    nums[i], nums[left] = nums[left], nums[i]\n    return i // \u8fd4\u56de\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n}\n
    quick_sort.swift
    /* \u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362 */\nfunc swap(nums: inout [Int], i: Int, j: Int) {\n    let tmp = nums[i]\n    nums[i] = nums[j]\n    nums[j] = tmp\n}\n\n/* \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206 */\nfunc partition(nums: inout [Int], left: Int, right: Int) -> Int {\n    // \u4ee5 nums[left] \u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\n    var i = left\n    var j = right\n    while i < j {\n        while i < j, nums[j] >= nums[left] {\n            j -= 1 // \u4ece\u53f3\u5411\u5de6\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n        }\n        while i < j, nums[i] <= nums[left] {\n            i += 1 // \u4ece\u5de6\u5411\u53f3\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n        }\n        swap(nums: &nums, i: i, j: j) // \u4ea4\u6362\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\n    }\n    swap(nums: &nums, i: i, j: left) // \u5c06\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u4e24\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5206\u754c\u7ebf\n    return i // \u8fd4\u56de\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n}\n
    quick_sort.js
    /* \u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362 */\nswap(nums, i, j) {\n    let tmp = nums[i];\n    nums[i] = nums[j];\n    nums[j] = tmp;\n}\n\n/* \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206 */\npartition(nums, left, right) {\n    // \u4ee5 nums[left] \u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\n    let i = left,\n        j = right;\n    while (i < j) {\n        while (i < j && nums[j] >= nums[left]) {\n            j -= 1; // \u4ece\u53f3\u5411\u5de6\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n        }\n        while (i < j && nums[i] <= nums[left]) {\n            i += 1; // \u4ece\u5de6\u5411\u53f3\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n        }\n        // \u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\n        this.swap(nums, i, j); // \u4ea4\u6362\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\n    }\n    this.swap(nums, i, left); // \u5c06\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u4e24\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5206\u754c\u7ebf\n    return i; // \u8fd4\u56de\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n}\n
    quick_sort.ts
    /* \u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362 */\nswap(nums: number[], i: number, j: number): void {\n    let tmp = nums[i];\n    nums[i] = nums[j];\n    nums[j] = tmp;\n}\n\n/* \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206 */\npartition(nums: number[], left: number, right: number): number {\n    // \u4ee5 nums[left] \u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\n    let i = left,\n        j = right;\n    while (i < j) {\n        while (i < j && nums[j] >= nums[left]) {\n            j -= 1; // \u4ece\u53f3\u5411\u5de6\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n        }\n        while (i < j && nums[i] <= nums[left]) {\n            i += 1; // \u4ece\u5de6\u5411\u53f3\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n        }\n        // \u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\n        this.swap(nums, i, j); // \u4ea4\u6362\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\n    }\n    this.swap(nums, i, left); // \u5c06\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u4e24\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5206\u754c\u7ebf\n    return i; // \u8fd4\u56de\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n}\n
    quick_sort.dart
    /* \u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362 */\nvoid _swap(List<int> nums, int i, int j) {\n  int tmp = nums[i];\n  nums[i] = nums[j];\n  nums[j] = tmp;\n}\n\n/* \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206 */\nint _partition(List<int> nums, int left, int right) {\n  // \u4ee5 nums[left] \u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\n  int i = left, j = right;\n  while (i < j) {\n    while (i < j && nums[j] >= nums[left]) j--; // \u4ece\u53f3\u5411\u5de6\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n    while (i < j && nums[i] <= nums[left]) i++; // \u4ece\u5de6\u5411\u53f3\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n    _swap(nums, i, j); // \u4ea4\u6362\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\n  }\n  _swap(nums, i, left); // \u5c06\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u4e24\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5206\u754c\u7ebf\n  return i; // \u8fd4\u56de\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n}\n
    quick_sort.rs
    /* \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206 */\nfn partition(nums: &mut [i32], left: usize, right: usize) -> usize {\n    // \u4ee5 nums[left] \u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\n    let (mut i, mut j) = (left, right);\n    while i < j {\n        while i < j && nums[j] >= nums[left] {\n            j -= 1;      // \u4ece\u53f3\u5411\u5de6\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n        }\n        while i < j && nums[i] <= nums[left] {\n            i += 1;      // \u4ece\u5de6\u5411\u53f3\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n        }\n        nums.swap(i, j); // \u4ea4\u6362\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\n    }\n    nums.swap(i, left);  // \u5c06\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u4e24\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5206\u754c\u7ebf\n    i                    // \u8fd4\u56de\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n}\n
    quick_sort.c
    /* \u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362 */\nvoid swap(int nums[], int i, int j) {\n    int tmp = nums[i];\n    nums[i] = nums[j];\n    nums[j] = tmp;\n}\n\n/* \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u7c7b */\n// \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u7c7b-\u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\nint partition(int nums[], int left, int right) {\n    // \u4ee5 nums[left] \u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\n    int i = left, j = right;\n    while (i < j) {\n        while (i < j && nums[j] >= nums[left]) {\n            // \u4ece\u53f3\u5411\u5de6\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n            j--;\n        }\n        while (i < j && nums[i] <= nums[left]) {\n            // \u4ece\u5de6\u5411\u53f3\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n            i++;\n        }\n        // \u4ea4\u6362\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\n        swap(nums, i, j);\n    }\n    // \u5c06\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u4e24\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5206\u754c\u7ebf\n    swap(nums, i, left);\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n    return i;\n}\n
    quick_sort.zig
    // \u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\nfn swap(nums: []i32, i: usize, j: usize) void {\n    var tmp = nums[i];\n    nums[i] = nums[j];\n    nums[j] = tmp;\n}\n\n// \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\nfn partition(nums: []i32, left: usize, right: usize) usize {\n    // \u4ee5 nums[left] \u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\n    var i = left;\n    var j = right;\n    while (i < j) {\n        while (i < j and nums[j] >= nums[left]) j -= 1; // \u4ece\u53f3\u5411\u5de6\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n        while (i < j and nums[i] <= nums[left]) i += 1; // \u4ece\u5de6\u5411\u53f3\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n        swap(nums, i, j);   // \u4ea4\u6362\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\n    }\n    swap(nums, i, left);    // \u5c06\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u4e24\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5206\u754c\u7ebf\n    return i;               // \u8fd4\u56de\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n}\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_sorting/quick_sort/#1151","title":"11.5.1 \u00a0 \u7b97\u6cd5\u6d41\u7a0b","text":"

    \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u6d41\u7a0b\u5982\u56fe 11-9 \u6240\u793a\u3002

    1. \u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5bf9\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u6b21\u201c\u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u201d\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u3002
    2. \u7136\u540e\uff0c\u5bf9\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u5206\u522b\u9012\u5f52\u6267\u884c\u201c\u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u201d\u3002
    3. \u6301\u7eed\u9012\u5f52\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5b8c\u6210\u6574\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u3002

    \u56fe 11-9 \u00a0 \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u6d41\u7a0b

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig quick_sort.py
    def quick_sort(self, nums: list[int], left: int, right: int):\n    \"\"\"\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\"\"\"\n    # \u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\u9012\u5f52\n    if left >= right:\n        return\n    # \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\n    pivot = self.partition(nums, left, right)\n    # \u9012\u5f52\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n    self.quick_sort(nums, left, pivot - 1)\n    self.quick_sort(nums, pivot + 1, right)\n
    quick_sort.cpp
    /* \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid quickSort(vector<int> &nums, int left, int right) {\n    // \u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\u9012\u5f52\n    if (left >= right)\n        return;\n    // \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\n    int pivot = partition(nums, left, right);\n    // \u9012\u5f52\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n    quickSort(nums, left, pivot - 1);\n    quickSort(nums, pivot + 1, right);\n}\n
    quick_sort.java
    /* \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid quickSort(int[] nums, int left, int right) {\n    // \u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\u9012\u5f52\n    if (left >= right)\n        return;\n    // \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\n    int pivot = partition(nums, left, right);\n    // \u9012\u5f52\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n    quickSort(nums, left, pivot - 1);\n    quickSort(nums, pivot + 1, right);\n}\n
    quick_sort.cs
    /* \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid QuickSort(int[] nums, int left, int right) {\n    // \u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\u9012\u5f52\n    if (left >= right)\n        return;\n    // \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\n    int pivot = Partition(nums, left, right);\n    // \u9012\u5f52\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n    QuickSort(nums, left, pivot - 1);\n    QuickSort(nums, pivot + 1, right);\n}\n
    quick_sort.go
    /* \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f */\nfunc (q *quickSort) quickSort(nums []int, left, right int) {\n    // \u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\u9012\u5f52\n    if left >= right {\n        return\n    }\n    // \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\n    pivot := q.partition(nums, left, right)\n    // \u9012\u5f52\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n    q.quickSort(nums, left, pivot-1)\n    q.quickSort(nums, pivot+1, right)\n}\n
    quick_sort.swift
    /* \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f */\nfunc quickSort(nums: inout [Int], left: Int, right: Int) {\n    // \u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\u9012\u5f52\n    if left >= right {\n        return\n    }\n    // \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\n    let pivot = partition(nums: &nums, left: left, right: right)\n    // \u9012\u5f52\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n    quickSort(nums: &nums, left: left, right: pivot - 1)\n    quickSort(nums: &nums, left: pivot + 1, right: right)\n}\n
    quick_sort.js
    /* \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f */\nquickSort(nums, left, right) {\n    // \u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\u9012\u5f52\n    if (left >= right) return;\n    // \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\n    const pivot = this.partition(nums, left, right);\n    // \u9012\u5f52\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n    this.quickSort(nums, left, pivot - 1);\n    this.quickSort(nums, pivot + 1, right);\n}\n
    quick_sort.ts
    /* \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f */\nquickSort(nums: number[], left: number, right: number): void {\n    // \u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\u9012\u5f52\n    if (left >= right) {\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\n    const pivot = this.partition(nums, left, right);\n    // \u9012\u5f52\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n    this.quickSort(nums, left, pivot - 1);\n    this.quickSort(nums, pivot + 1, right);\n}\n
    quick_sort.dart
    /* \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid quickSort(List<int> nums, int left, int right) {\n  // \u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\u9012\u5f52\n  if (left >= right) return;\n  // \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\n  int pivot = _partition(nums, left, right);\n  // \u9012\u5f52\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n  quickSort(nums, left, pivot - 1);\n  quickSort(nums, pivot + 1, right);\n}\n
    quick_sort.rs
    /* \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f */\npub fn quick_sort(left: i32, right: i32, nums: &mut [i32]) {\n    // \u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\u9012\u5f52\n    if left >= right {\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\n    let pivot = Self::partition(nums, left as usize, right as usize) as i32;\n    // \u9012\u5f52\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n    Self::quick_sort(left, pivot - 1, nums);\n    Self::quick_sort(pivot + 1, right, nums);\n}\n
    quick_sort.c
    /* \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u7c7b */\n// \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u7c7b-\u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\nint partition(int nums[], int left, int right) {\n    // \u4ee5 nums[left] \u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\n    int i = left, j = right;\n    while (i < j) {\n        while (i < j && nums[j] >= nums[left]) {\n            // \u4ece\u53f3\u5411\u5de6\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n            j--;\n        }\n        while (i < j && nums[i] <= nums[left]) {\n            // \u4ece\u5de6\u5411\u53f3\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n            i++;\n        }\n        // \u4ea4\u6362\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\n        swap(nums, i, j);\n    }\n    // \u5c06\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u4e24\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5206\u754c\u7ebf\n    swap(nums, i, left);\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n    return i;\n}\n\n// \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u7c7b-\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\nvoid quickSort(int nums[], int left, int right) {\n    // \u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\u9012\u5f52\n    if (left >= right) {\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\n    int pivot = partition(nums, left, right);\n    // \u9012\u5f52\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n    quickSort(nums, left, pivot - 1);\n    quickSort(nums, pivot + 1, right);\n}\n
    quick_sort.zig
    // \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\nfn quickSort(nums: []i32, left: usize, right: usize) void {\n    // \u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\u9012\u5f52\n    if (left >= right) return;\n    // \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\n    var pivot = partition(nums, left, right);\n    // \u9012\u5f52\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n    quickSort(nums, left, pivot - 1);\n    quickSort(nums, pivot + 1, right);\n}\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_sorting/quick_sort/#1152","title":"11.5.2 \u00a0 \u7b97\u6cd5\u7279\u6027","text":"
    • \u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n \\log n)\\)\u3001\u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u6392\u5e8f\uff1a\u5728\u5e73\u5747\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u7684\u9012\u5f52\u5c42\u6570\u4e3a \\(\\log n\\) \uff0c\u6bcf\u5c42\u4e2d\u7684\u603b\u5faa\u73af\u6570\u4e3a \\(n\\) \uff0c\u603b\u4f53\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(n \\log n)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u5728\u6700\u5dee\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6bcf\u8f6e\u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u64cd\u4f5c\u90fd\u5c06\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(n\\) \u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(0\\) \u548c \\(n - 1\\) \u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u9012\u5f52\u5c42\u6570\u8fbe\u5230 \\(n\\) \uff0c\u6bcf\u5c42\u4e2d\u7684\u5faa\u73af\u6570\u4e3a \\(n\\) \uff0c\u603b\u4f53\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(n^2)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u3002
    • \u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n)\\)\u3001\u539f\u5730\u6392\u5e8f\uff1a\u5728\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u7ec4\u5b8c\u5168\u5012\u5e8f\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u5dee\u9012\u5f52\u6df1\u5ea6 \\(n\\) \uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(n)\\) \u6808\u5e27\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u6392\u5e8f\u64cd\u4f5c\u662f\u5728\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\uff0c\u672a\u501f\u52a9\u989d\u5916\u6570\u7ec4\u3002
    • \u975e\u7a33\u5b9a\u6392\u5e8f\uff1a\u5728\u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u53f3\u4fa7\u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_sorting/quick_sort/#1153","title":"11.5.3 \u00a0 \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5feb","text":"

    \u4ece\u540d\u79f0\u4e0a\u5c31\u80fd\u770b\u51fa\uff0c\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u5728\u6548\u7387\u65b9\u9762\u5e94\u8be5\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e0e\u201c\u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f\u201d\u548c\u201c\u5806\u6392\u5e8f\u201d\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u901a\u5e38\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u6548\u7387\u66f4\u9ad8\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u539f\u56e0\u3002

    • \u51fa\u73b0\u6700\u5dee\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u6982\u7387\u5f88\u4f4e\uff1a\u867d\u7136\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u6700\u5dee\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n^2)\\) \uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u80fd\u5728 \\(O(n \\log n)\\) \u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e0b\u8fd0\u884c\u3002
    • \u7f13\u5b58\u4f7f\u7528\u6548\u7387\u9ad8\uff1a\u5728\u6267\u884c\u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u64cd\u4f5c\u65f6\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u5c06\u6574\u4e2a\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u52a0\u8f7d\u5230\u7f13\u5b58\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6548\u7387\u8f83\u9ad8\u3002\u800c\u50cf\u201c\u5806\u6392\u5e8f\u201d\u8fd9\u7c7b\u7b97\u6cd5\u9700\u8981\u8df3\u8dc3\u5f0f\u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8fd9\u4e00\u7279\u6027\u3002
    • \u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7684\u5e38\u6570\u7cfb\u6570\u5c0f\uff1a\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e09\u79cd\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e2d\uff0c\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\u3001\u8d4b\u503c\u3001\u4ea4\u6362\u7b49\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u603b\u6570\u91cf\u6700\u5c11\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0e\u201c\u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f\u201d\u6bd4\u201c\u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\u201d\u66f4\u5feb\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u7c7b\u4f3c\u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_sorting/quick_sort/#1154","title":"11.5.4 \u00a0 \u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u4f18\u5316","text":"

    \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u8f93\u5165\u4e0b\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6548\u7387\u53ef\u80fd\u964d\u4f4e\u3002\u4e3e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6781\u7aef\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u5047\u8bbe\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u7ec4\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u5012\u5e8f\u7684\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u9009\u62e9\u6700\u5de6\u7aef\u5143\u7d20\u4f5c\u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5728\u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u88ab\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u53f3\u7aef\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(n - 1\\)\u3001\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(0\\) \u3002\u5982\u6b64\u9012\u5f52\u4e0b\u53bb\uff0c\u6bcf\u8f6e\u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u540e\u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u90fd\u4e3a \\(0\\) \uff0c\u5206\u6cbb\u7b56\u7565\u5931\u6548\uff0c\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u9000\u5316\u4e3a\u201c\u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\u201d\u3002

    \u4e3a\u4e86\u5c3d\u91cf\u907f\u514d\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f18\u5316\u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u4e2d\u7684\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u9009\u53d6\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u968f\u673a\u9009\u53d6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u4f5c\u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8fd0\u6c14\u4e0d\u4f73\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u90fd\u9009\u5230\u4e0d\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\uff0c\u6548\u7387\u4ecd\u7136\u4e0d\u5c3d\u5982\u4eba\u610f\u3002

    \u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u901a\u5e38\u751f\u6210\u7684\u662f\u201c\u4f2a\u968f\u673a\u6570\u201d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u9488\u5bf9\u4f2a\u968f\u673a\u6570\u5e8f\u5217\u6784\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6837\u4f8b\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u6548\u7387\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u80fd\u52a3\u5316\u3002

    \u4e3a\u4e86\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6539\u8fdb\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u9009\u53d6\u4e09\u4e2a\u5019\u9009\u5143\u7d20\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u9996\u3001\u5c3e\u3001\u4e2d\u70b9\u5143\u7d20\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u5019\u9009\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\u4f5c\u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u6765\uff0c\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u201c\u65e2\u4e0d\u592a\u5c0f\u4e5f\u4e0d\u592a\u5927\u201d\u7684\u6982\u7387\u5c06\u5927\u5e45\u63d0\u5347\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u53d6\u66f4\u591a\u5019\u9009\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u4ee5\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u63d0\u9ad8\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u7a33\u5065\u6027\u3002\u91c7\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u540e\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u52a3\u5316\u81f3 \\(O(n^2)\\) \u7684\u6982\u7387\u5927\u5927\u964d\u4f4e\u3002

    \u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig quick_sort.py
    def median_three(self, nums: list[int], left: int, mid: int, right: int) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u9009\u53d6\u4e09\u4e2a\u5019\u9009\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\"\"\"\n    # \u6b64\u5904\u4f7f\u7528\u5f02\u6216\u8fd0\u7b97\u6765\u7b80\u5316\u4ee3\u7801\n    # \u5f02\u6216\u89c4\u5219\u4e3a 0 ^ 0 = 1 ^ 1 = 0, 0 ^ 1 = 1 ^ 0 = 1\n    if (nums[left] < nums[mid]) ^ (nums[left] < nums[right]):\n        return left\n    elif (nums[mid] < nums[left]) ^ (nums[mid] < nums[right]):\n        return mid\n    return right\n\ndef partition(self, nums: list[int], left: int, right: int) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\uff08\u4e09\u6570\u53d6\u4e2d\u503c\uff09\"\"\"\n    # \u4ee5 nums[left] \u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\n    med = self.median_three(nums, left, (left + right) // 2, right)\n    # \u5c06\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5de6\u7aef\n    nums[left], nums[med] = nums[med], nums[left]\n    # \u4ee5 nums[left] \u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\n    i, j = left, right\n    while i < j:\n        while i < j and nums[j] >= nums[left]:\n            j -= 1  # \u4ece\u53f3\u5411\u5de6\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n        while i < j and nums[i] <= nums[left]:\n            i += 1  # \u4ece\u5de6\u5411\u53f3\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n        # \u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\n        nums[i], nums[j] = nums[j], nums[i]\n    # \u5c06\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u4e24\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5206\u754c\u7ebf\n    nums[i], nums[left] = nums[left], nums[i]\n    return i  # \u8fd4\u56de\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n
    quick_sort.cpp
    /* \u9009\u53d6\u4e09\u4e2a\u5019\u9009\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570 */\nint medianThree(vector<int> &nums, int left, int mid, int right) {\n    // \u6b64\u5904\u4f7f\u7528\u5f02\u6216\u8fd0\u7b97\u6765\u7b80\u5316\u4ee3\u7801\n    // \u5f02\u6216\u89c4\u5219\u4e3a 0 ^ 0 = 1 ^ 1 = 0, 0 ^ 1 = 1 ^ 0 = 1\n    if ((nums[left] < nums[mid]) ^ (nums[left] < nums[right]))\n        return left;\n    else if ((nums[mid] < nums[left]) ^ (nums[mid] < nums[right]))\n        return mid;\n    else\n        return right;\n}\n\n/* \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\uff08\u4e09\u6570\u53d6\u4e2d\u503c\uff09 */\nint partition(vector<int> &nums, int left, int right) {\n    // \u9009\u53d6\u4e09\u4e2a\u5019\u9009\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\n    int med = medianThree(nums, left, (left + right) / 2, right);\n    // \u5c06\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5de6\u7aef\n    swap(nums, left, med);\n    // \u4ee5 nums[left] \u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\n    int i = left, j = right;\n    while (i < j) {\n        while (i < j && nums[j] >= nums[left])\n            j--; // \u4ece\u53f3\u5411\u5de6\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n        while (i < j && nums[i] <= nums[left])\n            i++;          // \u4ece\u5de6\u5411\u53f3\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n        swap(nums, i, j); // \u4ea4\u6362\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\n    }\n    swap(nums, i, left); // \u5c06\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u4e24\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5206\u754c\u7ebf\n    return i;            // \u8fd4\u56de\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n}\n
    quick_sort.java
    /* \u9009\u53d6\u4e09\u4e2a\u5019\u9009\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570 */\nint medianThree(int[] nums, int left, int mid, int right) {\n    // \u6b64\u5904\u4f7f\u7528\u5f02\u6216\u8fd0\u7b97\u6765\u7b80\u5316\u4ee3\u7801\n    // \u5f02\u6216\u89c4\u5219\u4e3a 0 ^ 0 = 1 ^ 1 = 0, 0 ^ 1 = 1 ^ 0 = 1\n    if ((nums[left] < nums[mid]) ^ (nums[left] < nums[right]))\n        return left;\n    else if ((nums[mid] < nums[left]) ^ (nums[mid] < nums[right]))\n        return mid;\n    else\n        return right;\n}\n\n/* \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\uff08\u4e09\u6570\u53d6\u4e2d\u503c\uff09 */\nint partition(int[] nums, int left, int right) {\n    // \u9009\u53d6\u4e09\u4e2a\u5019\u9009\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\n    int med = medianThree(nums, left, (left + right) / 2, right);\n    // \u5c06\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5de6\u7aef\n    swap(nums, left, med);\n    // \u4ee5 nums[left] \u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\n    int i = left, j = right;\n    while (i < j) {\n        while (i < j && nums[j] >= nums[left])\n            j--;          // \u4ece\u53f3\u5411\u5de6\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n        while (i < j && nums[i] <= nums[left])\n            i++;          // \u4ece\u5de6\u5411\u53f3\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n        swap(nums, i, j); // \u4ea4\u6362\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\n    }\n    swap(nums, i, left);  // \u5c06\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u4e24\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5206\u754c\u7ebf\n    return i;             // \u8fd4\u56de\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n}\n
    quick_sort.cs
    /* \u9009\u53d6\u4e09\u4e2a\u5019\u9009\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570 */\nint MedianThree(int[] nums, int left, int mid, int right) {\n    // \u6b64\u5904\u4f7f\u7528\u5f02\u6216\u8fd0\u7b97\u6765\u7b80\u5316\u4ee3\u7801\n    // \u5f02\u6216\u89c4\u5219\u4e3a 0 ^ 0 = 1 ^ 1 = 0, 0 ^ 1 = 1 ^ 0 = 1\n    if ((nums[left] < nums[mid]) ^ (nums[left] < nums[right]))\n        return left;\n    else if ((nums[mid] < nums[left]) ^ (nums[mid] < nums[right]))\n        return mid;\n    else\n        return right;\n}\n\n/* \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\uff08\u4e09\u6570\u53d6\u4e2d\u503c\uff09 */\nint Partition(int[] nums, int left, int right) {\n    // \u9009\u53d6\u4e09\u4e2a\u5019\u9009\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\n    int med = MedianThree(nums, left, (left + right) / 2, right);\n    // \u5c06\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5de6\u7aef\n    Swap(nums, left, med);\n    // \u4ee5 nums[left] \u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\n    int i = left, j = right;\n    while (i < j) {\n        while (i < j && nums[j] >= nums[left])\n            j--;          // \u4ece\u53f3\u5411\u5de6\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n        while (i < j && nums[i] <= nums[left])\n            i++;          // \u4ece\u5de6\u5411\u53f3\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n        Swap(nums, i, j); // \u4ea4\u6362\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\n    }\n    Swap(nums, i, left);  // \u5c06\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u4e24\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5206\u754c\u7ebf\n    return i;             // \u8fd4\u56de\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n}\n
    quick_sort.go
    /* \u9009\u53d6\u4e09\u4e2a\u5019\u9009\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570 */\nfunc (q *quickSortMedian) medianThree(nums []int, left, mid, right int) int {\n    // \u6b64\u5904\u4f7f\u7528\u5f02\u6216\u8fd0\u7b97\u6765\u7b80\u5316\u4ee3\u7801\uff08!= \u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u8d77\u5230\u5f02\u6216\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff09\n    // \u5f02\u6216\u89c4\u5219\u4e3a 0 ^ 0 = 1 ^ 1 = 0, 0 ^ 1 = 1 ^ 0 = 1\n    if (nums[left] < nums[mid]) != (nums[left] < nums[right]) {\n        return left\n    } else if (nums[mid] < nums[left]) != (nums[mid] < nums[right]) {\n        return mid\n    }\n    return right\n}\n\n/* \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\uff08\u4e09\u6570\u53d6\u4e2d\u503c\uff09*/\nfunc (q *quickSortMedian) partition(nums []int, left, right int) int {\n    // \u4ee5 nums[left] \u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\n    med := q.medianThree(nums, left, (left+right)/2, right)\n    // \u5c06\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5de6\u7aef\n    nums[left], nums[med] = nums[med], nums[left]\n    // \u4ee5 nums[left] \u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\n    i, j := left, right\n    for i < j {\n        for i < j && nums[j] >= nums[left] {\n            j-- //\u4ece\u53f3\u5411\u5de6\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n        }\n        for i < j && nums[i] <= nums[left] {\n            i++ //\u4ece\u5de6\u5411\u53f3\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n        }\n        //\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\n        nums[i], nums[j] = nums[j], nums[i]\n    }\n    //\u5c06\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u4e24\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5206\u754c\u7ebf\n    nums[i], nums[left] = nums[left], nums[i]\n    return i //\u8fd4\u56de\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n}\n
    quick_sort.swift
    /* \u9009\u53d6\u4e09\u4e2a\u5019\u9009\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570 */\nfunc medianThree(nums: [Int], left: Int, mid: Int, right: Int) -> Int {\n    if (nums[left] < nums[mid]) != (nums[left] < nums[right]) {\n        return left\n    } else if (nums[mid] < nums[left]) != (nums[mid] < nums[right]) {\n        return mid\n    } else {\n        return right\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\uff08\u4e09\u6570\u53d6\u4e2d\u503c\uff09 */\nfunc partitionMedian(nums: inout [Int], left: Int, right: Int) -> Int {\n    // \u9009\u53d6\u4e09\u4e2a\u5019\u9009\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\n    let med = medianThree(nums: nums, left: left, mid: (left + right) / 2, right: right)\n    // \u5c06\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5de6\u7aef\n    swap(nums: &nums, i: left, j: med)\n    return partition(nums: &nums, left: left, right: right)\n}\n
    quick_sort.js
    /* \u9009\u53d6\u4e09\u4e2a\u5019\u9009\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570 */\nmedianThree(nums, left, mid, right) {\n    // \u6b64\u5904\u4f7f\u7528\u5f02\u6216\u8fd0\u7b97\u6765\u7b80\u5316\u4ee3\u7801\n    // \u5f02\u6216\u89c4\u5219\u4e3a 0 ^ 0 = 1 ^ 1 = 0, 0 ^ 1 = 1 ^ 0 = 1\n    if ((nums[left] < nums[mid]) ^ (nums[left] < nums[right])) return left;\n    else if ((nums[mid] < nums[left]) ^ (nums[mid] < nums[right]))\n        return mid;\n    else return right;\n}\n\n/* \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\uff08\u4e09\u6570\u53d6\u4e2d\u503c\uff09 */\npartition(nums, left, right) {\n    // \u9009\u53d6\u4e09\u4e2a\u5019\u9009\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\n    let med = this.medianThree(\n        nums,\n        left,\n        Math.floor((left + right) / 2),\n        right\n    );\n    // \u5c06\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5de6\u7aef\n    this.swap(nums, left, med);\n    // \u4ee5 nums[left] \u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\n    let i = left,\n        j = right;\n    while (i < j) {\n        while (i < j && nums[j] >= nums[left]) j--; // \u4ece\u53f3\u5411\u5de6\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n        while (i < j && nums[i] <= nums[left]) i++; // \u4ece\u5de6\u5411\u53f3\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n        this.swap(nums, i, j); // \u4ea4\u6362\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\n    }\n    this.swap(nums, i, left); // \u5c06\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u4e24\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5206\u754c\u7ebf\n    return i; // \u8fd4\u56de\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n}\n
    quick_sort.ts
    /* \u9009\u53d6\u4e09\u4e2a\u5019\u9009\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570 */\nmedianThree(\n    nums: number[],\n    left: number,\n    mid: number,\n    right: number\n): number {\n    // \u6b64\u5904\u4f7f\u7528\u5f02\u6216\u8fd0\u7b97\u6765\u7b80\u5316\u4ee3\u7801\n    // \u5f02\u6216\u89c4\u5219\u4e3a 0 ^ 0 = 1 ^ 1 = 0, 0 ^ 1 = 1 ^ 0 = 1\n    if (Number(nums[left] < nums[mid]) ^ Number(nums[left] < nums[right])) {\n        return left;\n    } else if (\n        Number(nums[mid] < nums[left]) ^ Number(nums[mid] < nums[right])\n    ) {\n        return mid;\n    } else {\n        return right;\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\uff08\u4e09\u6570\u53d6\u4e2d\u503c\uff09 */\npartition(nums: number[], left: number, right: number): number {\n    // \u9009\u53d6\u4e09\u4e2a\u5019\u9009\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\n    let med = this.medianThree(\n        nums,\n        left,\n        Math.floor((left + right) / 2),\n        right\n    );\n    // \u5c06\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5de6\u7aef\n    this.swap(nums, left, med);\n    // \u4ee5 nums[left] \u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\n    let i = left,\n        j = right;\n    while (i < j) {\n        while (i < j && nums[j] >= nums[left]) {\n            j--; // \u4ece\u53f3\u5411\u5de6\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n        }\n        while (i < j && nums[i] <= nums[left]) {\n            i++; // \u4ece\u5de6\u5411\u53f3\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n        }\n        this.swap(nums, i, j); // \u4ea4\u6362\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\n    }\n    this.swap(nums, i, left); // \u5c06\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u4e24\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5206\u754c\u7ebf\n    return i; // \u8fd4\u56de\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n}\n
    quick_sort.dart
    /* \u9009\u53d6\u4e09\u4e2a\u5019\u9009\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570 */\nint _medianThree(List<int> nums, int left, int mid, int right) {\n  // \u6b64\u5904\u4f7f\u7528\u5f02\u6216\u8fd0\u7b97\u6765\u7b80\u5316\u4ee3\u7801\n  // \u5f02\u6216\u89c4\u5219\u4e3a 0 ^ 0 = 1 ^ 1 = 0, 0 ^ 1 = 1 ^ 0 = 1\n  if ((nums[left] < nums[mid]) ^ (nums[left] < nums[right]))\n    return left;\n  else if ((nums[mid] < nums[left]) ^ (nums[mid] < nums[right]))\n    return mid;\n  else\n    return right;\n}\n\n/* \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\uff08\u4e09\u6570\u53d6\u4e2d\u503c\uff09 */\nint _partition(List<int> nums, int left, int right) {\n  // \u9009\u53d6\u4e09\u4e2a\u5019\u9009\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\n  int med = _medianThree(nums, left, (left + right) ~/ 2, right);\n  // \u5c06\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5de6\u7aef\n  _swap(nums, left, med);\n  // \u4ee5 nums[left] \u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\n  int i = left, j = right;\n  while (i < j) {\n    while (i < j && nums[j] >= nums[left]) j--; // \u4ece\u53f3\u5411\u5de6\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n    while (i < j && nums[i] <= nums[left]) i++; // \u4ece\u5de6\u5411\u53f3\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n    _swap(nums, i, j); // \u4ea4\u6362\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\n  }\n  _swap(nums, i, left); // \u5c06\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u4e24\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5206\u754c\u7ebf\n  return i; // \u8fd4\u56de\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n}\n
    quick_sort.rs
    /* \u9009\u53d6\u4e09\u4e2a\u5019\u9009\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570 */\nfn median_three(nums: &mut [i32], left: usize, mid: usize, right: usize) -> usize {\n    // \u6b64\u5904\u4f7f\u7528\u5f02\u6216\u8fd0\u7b97\u6765\u7b80\u5316\u4ee3\u7801\n    // \u5f02\u6216\u89c4\u5219\u4e3a 0 ^ 0 = 1 ^ 1 = 0, 0 ^ 1 = 1 ^ 0 = 1\n    if (nums[left] < nums[mid]) ^ (nums[left] < nums[right]) {\n        return left;\n    } else if (nums[mid] < nums[left]) ^ (nums[mid] < nums[right]) {\n        return mid;\n    } \n    right\n}\n\n/* \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\uff08\u4e09\u6570\u53d6\u4e2d\u503c\uff09 */\nfn partition(nums: &mut [i32], left: usize, right: usize) -> usize {\n    // \u9009\u53d6\u4e09\u4e2a\u5019\u9009\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\n    let med = Self::median_three(nums, left, (left + right) / 2, right);\n    // \u5c06\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5de6\u7aef\n    nums.swap(left, med);\n    // \u4ee5 nums[left] \u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\n    let (mut i, mut j) = (left, right);\n    while i < j {\n        while i < j && nums[j] >= nums[left] {\n            j -= 1;      // \u4ece\u53f3\u5411\u5de6\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n        }\n        while i < j && nums[i] <= nums[left] {\n            i += 1;      // \u4ece\u5de6\u5411\u53f3\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n        }\n        nums.swap(i, j); // \u4ea4\u6362\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\n    }\n     nums.swap(i, left);  // \u5c06\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u4e24\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5206\u754c\u7ebf\n     i                    // \u8fd4\u56de\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n}\n
    quick_sort.c
    /* \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u7c7b\uff08\u4e2d\u4f4d\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u4f18\u5316\uff09 */\n// \u9009\u53d6\u4e09\u4e2a\u5019\u9009\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\nint medianThree(int nums[], int left, int mid, int right) {\n    // \u6b64\u5904\u4f7f\u7528\u5f02\u6216\u8fd0\u7b97\u6765\u7b80\u5316\u4ee3\u7801\n    // \u5f02\u6216\u89c4\u5219\u4e3a 0 ^ 0 = 1 ^ 1 = 0, 0 ^ 1 = 1 ^ 0 = 1\n    if ((nums[left] < nums[mid]) ^ (nums[left] < nums[right]))\n        return left;\n    else if ((nums[mid] < nums[left]) ^ (nums[mid] < nums[right]))\n        return mid;\n    else\n        return right;\n}\n\n/* \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\uff08\u4e09\u6570\u53d6\u4e2d\u503c\uff09 */ \nint partitionMedian(int nums[], int left, int right) {\n    // \u9009\u53d6\u4e09\u4e2a\u5019\u9009\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\n    int med = medianThree(nums, left, (left + right) / 2, right);\n    // \u5c06\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5de6\u7aef\n    swap(nums, left, med);\n    // \u4ee5 nums[left] \u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\n    int i = left, j = right;\n    while (i < j) {\n        while (i < j && nums[j] >= nums[left])\n            j--; // \u4ece\u53f3\u5411\u5de6\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n        while (i < j && nums[i] <= nums[left])\n            i++;          // \u4ece\u5de6\u5411\u53f3\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n        swap(nums, i, j); // \u4ea4\u6362\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\n    }\n    swap(nums, i, left); // \u5c06\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u4e24\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5206\u754c\u7ebf\n    return i;            // \u8fd4\u56de\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n}\n
    quick_sort.zig
    // \u9009\u53d6\u4e09\u4e2a\u5019\u9009\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\nfn medianThree(nums: []i32, left: usize, mid: usize, right: usize) usize {\n    // \u6b64\u5904\u4f7f\u7528\u5f02\u6216\u8fd0\u7b97\u6765\u7b80\u5316\u4ee3\u7801\n    // \u5f02\u6216\u89c4\u5219\u4e3a 0 ^ 0 = 1 ^ 1 = 0, 0 ^ 1 = 1 ^ 0 = 1\n    if ((nums[left] < nums[mid]) != (nums[left] < nums[right])) {\n        return left;\n    } else if ((nums[mid] < nums[left]) != (nums[mid] < nums[right])) {\n        return mid;\n    } else {\n        return right;\n    }\n}\n\n// \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\uff08\u4e09\u6570\u53d6\u4e2d\u503c\uff09\nfn partition(nums: []i32, left: usize, right: usize) usize {\n    // \u9009\u53d6\u4e09\u4e2a\u5019\u9009\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\n    var med = medianThree(nums, left, (left + right) / 2, right);\n    // \u5c06\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5de6\u7aef\n    swap(nums, left, med);\n    // \u4ee5 nums[left] \u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\n    var i = left;\n    var j = right;\n    while (i < j) {\n        while (i < j and nums[j] >= nums[left]) j -= 1; // \u4ece\u53f3\u5411\u5de6\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n        while (i < j and nums[i] <= nums[left]) i += 1; // \u4ece\u5de6\u5411\u53f3\u627e\u9996\u4e2a\u5927\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7d20\n        swap(nums, i, j);   // \u4ea4\u6362\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\n    }\n    swap(nums, i, left);    // \u5c06\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u4e24\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5206\u754c\u7ebf\n    return i;               // \u8fd4\u56de\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n}\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_sorting/quick_sort/#1155","title":"11.5.5 \u00a0 \u5c3e\u9012\u5f52\u4f18\u5316","text":"

    \u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u8f93\u5165\u4e0b\uff0c\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u53ef\u80fd\u5360\u7528\u7a7a\u95f4\u8f83\u591a\u3002\u4ee5\u5b8c\u5168\u6709\u5e8f\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u7ec4\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u8bbe\u9012\u5f52\u4e2d\u7684\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(m\\) \uff0c\u6bcf\u8f6e\u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u64cd\u4f5c\u90fd\u5c06\u4ea7\u751f\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(0\\) \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(m - 1\\) \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6bcf\u4e00\u5c42\u9012\u5f52\u8c03\u7528\u51cf\u5c11\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u89c4\u6a21\u975e\u5e38\u5c0f\uff08\u53ea\u51cf\u5c11\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\uff09\uff0c\u9012\u5f52\u6811\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4f1a\u8fbe\u5230 \\(n - 1\\) \uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u5360\u7528 \\(O(n)\\) \u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u6808\u5e27\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002

    \u4e3a\u4e86\u9632\u6b62\u6808\u5e27\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u7d2f\u79ef\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6bcf\u8f6e\u54e8\u5175\u6392\u5e8f\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\uff0c\u4ec5\u5bf9\u8f83\u77ed\u7684\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u8fdb\u884c\u9012\u5f52\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u8f83\u77ed\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8d85\u8fc7 \\(n / 2\\) \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u80fd\u786e\u4fdd\u9012\u5f52\u6df1\u5ea6\u4e0d\u8d85\u8fc7 \\(\\log n\\) \uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5c06\u6700\u5dee\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4f18\u5316\u81f3 \\(O(\\log n)\\) \u3002\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig quick_sort.py
    def quick_sort(self, nums: list[int], left: int, right: int):\n    \"\"\"\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u5c3e\u9012\u5f52\u4f18\u5316\uff09\"\"\"\n    # \u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\n    while left < right:\n        # \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u64cd\u4f5c\n        pivot = self.partition(nums, left, right)\n        # \u5bf9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u8f83\u77ed\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u6267\u884c\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\n        if pivot - left < right - pivot:\n            self.quick_sort(nums, left, pivot - 1)  # \u9012\u5f52\u6392\u5e8f\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n            left = pivot + 1  # \u5269\u4f59\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [pivot + 1, right]\n        else:\n            self.quick_sort(nums, pivot + 1, right)  # \u9012\u5f52\u6392\u5e8f\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n            right = pivot - 1  # \u5269\u4f59\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [left, pivot - 1]\n
    quick_sort.cpp
    /* \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u5c3e\u9012\u5f52\u4f18\u5316\uff09 */\nvoid quickSort(vector<int> &nums, int left, int right) {\n    // \u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\n    while (left < right) {\n        // \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u64cd\u4f5c\n        int pivot = partition(nums, left, right);\n        // \u5bf9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u8f83\u77ed\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u6267\u884c\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\n        if (pivot - left < right - pivot) {\n            quickSort(nums, left, pivot - 1); // \u9012\u5f52\u6392\u5e8f\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n            left = pivot + 1;                 // \u5269\u4f59\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [pivot + 1, right]\n        } else {\n            quickSort(nums, pivot + 1, right); // \u9012\u5f52\u6392\u5e8f\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n            right = pivot - 1;                 // \u5269\u4f59\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [left, pivot - 1]\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    quick_sort.java
    /* \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u5c3e\u9012\u5f52\u4f18\u5316\uff09 */\nvoid quickSort(int[] nums, int left, int right) {\n    // \u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\n    while (left < right) {\n        // \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u64cd\u4f5c\n        int pivot = partition(nums, left, right);\n        // \u5bf9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u8f83\u77ed\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u6267\u884c\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\n        if (pivot - left < right - pivot) {\n            quickSort(nums, left, pivot - 1); // \u9012\u5f52\u6392\u5e8f\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n            left = pivot + 1; // \u5269\u4f59\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [pivot + 1, right]\n        } else {\n            quickSort(nums, pivot + 1, right); // \u9012\u5f52\u6392\u5e8f\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n            right = pivot - 1; // \u5269\u4f59\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [left, pivot - 1]\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    quick_sort.cs
    /* \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u5c3e\u9012\u5f52\u4f18\u5316\uff09 */\nvoid QuickSort(int[] nums, int left, int right) {\n    // \u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\n    while (left < right) {\n        // \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u64cd\u4f5c\n        int pivot = Partition(nums, left, right);\n        // \u5bf9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u8f83\u77ed\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u6267\u884c\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\n        if (pivot - left < right - pivot) {\n            QuickSort(nums, left, pivot - 1);  // \u9012\u5f52\u6392\u5e8f\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n            left = pivot + 1;  // \u5269\u4f59\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [pivot + 1, right]\n        } else {\n            QuickSort(nums, pivot + 1, right); // \u9012\u5f52\u6392\u5e8f\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n            right = pivot - 1; // \u5269\u4f59\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [left, pivot - 1]\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    quick_sort.go
    /* \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u5c3e\u9012\u5f52\u4f18\u5316\uff09*/\nfunc (q *quickSortTailCall) quickSort(nums []int, left, right int) {\n    // \u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\n    for left < right {\n        // \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u64cd\u4f5c\n        pivot := q.partition(nums, left, right)\n        // \u5bf9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u8f83\u77ed\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u6267\u884c\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\n        if pivot-left < right-pivot {\n            q.quickSort(nums, left, pivot-1) // \u9012\u5f52\u6392\u5e8f\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n            left = pivot + 1                 // \u5269\u4f59\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [pivot + 1, right]\n        } else {\n            q.quickSort(nums, pivot+1, right) // \u9012\u5f52\u6392\u5e8f\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n            right = pivot - 1                 // \u5269\u4f59\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [left, pivot - 1]\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    quick_sort.swift
    /* \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u5c3e\u9012\u5f52\u4f18\u5316\uff09 */\nfunc quickSortTailCall(nums: inout [Int], left: Int, right: Int) {\n    var left = left\n    var right = right\n    // \u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\n    while left < right {\n        // \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u64cd\u4f5c\n        let pivot = partition(nums: &nums, left: left, right: right)\n        // \u5bf9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u8f83\u77ed\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u6267\u884c\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\n        if (pivot - left) < (right - pivot) {\n            quickSortTailCall(nums: &nums, left: left, right: pivot - 1) // \u9012\u5f52\u6392\u5e8f\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n            left = pivot + 1 // \u5269\u4f59\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [pivot + 1, right]\n        } else {\n            quickSortTailCall(nums: &nums, left: pivot + 1, right: right) // \u9012\u5f52\u6392\u5e8f\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n            right = pivot - 1 // \u5269\u4f59\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [left, pivot - 1]\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    quick_sort.js
    /* \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u5c3e\u9012\u5f52\u4f18\u5316\uff09 */\nquickSort(nums, left, right) {\n    // \u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\n    while (left < right) {\n        // \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u64cd\u4f5c\n        let pivot = this.partition(nums, left, right);\n        // \u5bf9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u8f83\u77ed\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u6267\u884c\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\n        if (pivot - left < right - pivot) {\n            this.quickSort(nums, left, pivot - 1); // \u9012\u5f52\u6392\u5e8f\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n            left = pivot + 1; // \u5269\u4f59\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [pivot + 1, right]\n        } else {\n            this.quickSort(nums, pivot + 1, right); // \u9012\u5f52\u6392\u5e8f\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n            right = pivot - 1; // \u5269\u4f59\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [left, pivot - 1]\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    quick_sort.ts
    /* \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u5c3e\u9012\u5f52\u4f18\u5316\uff09 */\nquickSort(nums: number[], left: number, right: number): void {\n    // \u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\n    while (left < right) {\n        // \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u64cd\u4f5c\n        let pivot = this.partition(nums, left, right);\n        // \u5bf9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u8f83\u77ed\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u6267\u884c\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\n        if (pivot - left < right - pivot) {\n            this.quickSort(nums, left, pivot - 1); // \u9012\u5f52\u6392\u5e8f\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n            left = pivot + 1; // \u5269\u4f59\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [pivot + 1, right]\n        } else {\n            this.quickSort(nums, pivot + 1, right); // \u9012\u5f52\u6392\u5e8f\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n            right = pivot - 1; // \u5269\u4f59\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [left, pivot - 1]\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    quick_sort.dart
    /* \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u5c3e\u9012\u5f52\u4f18\u5316\uff09 */\nvoid quickSort(List<int> nums, int left, int right) {\n  // \u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\n  while (left < right) {\n    // \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u64cd\u4f5c\n    int pivot = _partition(nums, left, right);\n    // \u5bf9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u8f83\u77ed\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u6267\u884c\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\n    if (pivot - left < right - pivot) {\n      quickSort(nums, left, pivot - 1); // \u9012\u5f52\u6392\u5e8f\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n      left = pivot + 1; // \u5269\u4f59\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [pivot + 1, right]\n    } else {\n      quickSort(nums, pivot + 1, right); // \u9012\u5f52\u6392\u5e8f\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n      right = pivot - 1; // \u5269\u4f59\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [left, pivot - 1]\n    }\n  }\n}\n
    quick_sort.rs
    /* \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u5c3e\u9012\u5f52\u4f18\u5316\uff09 */\npub fn quick_sort(mut left: i32, mut right: i32, nums: &mut [i32]) {\n    // \u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\n    while left < right {\n        // \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u64cd\u4f5c\n        let pivot = Self::partition(nums, left as usize, right as usize) as i32;\n        // \u5bf9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u8f83\u77ed\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u6267\u884c\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\n        if  pivot - left < right - pivot {\n            Self::quick_sort(left, pivot - 1, nums);  // \u9012\u5f52\u6392\u5e8f\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n            left = pivot + 1;  // \u5269\u4f59\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [pivot + 1, right]\n        } else {\n            Self::quick_sort(pivot + 1, right, nums); // \u9012\u5f52\u6392\u5e8f\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n            right = pivot - 1; // \u5269\u4f59\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [left, pivot - 1]\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    quick_sort.c
    /* \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u7c7b\uff08\u5c3e\u9012\u5f52\u4f18\u5316\uff09 */\n// \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u5c3e\u9012\u5f52\u4f18\u5316\uff09\nvoid quickSortTailCall(int nums[], int left, int right) {\n    // \u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\n    while (left < right) {\n        // \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u64cd\u4f5c\n        int pivot = partition(nums, left, right);\n        // \u5bf9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u8f83\u77ed\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u6267\u884c\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\n        if (pivot - left < right - pivot) {\n            quickSortTailCall(nums, left, pivot - 1); // \u9012\u5f52\u6392\u5e8f\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n            left = pivot + 1;                         // \u5269\u4f59\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [pivot + 1, right]\n        } else {\n            quickSortTailCall(nums, pivot + 1, right); // \u9012\u5f52\u6392\u5e8f\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n            right = pivot - 1;                         // \u5269\u4f59\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [left, pivot - 1]\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    quick_sort.zig
    // \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u5c3e\u9012\u5f52\u4f18\u5316\uff09\nfn quickSort(nums: []i32, left_: usize, right_: usize) void {\n    var left = left_;\n    var right = right_;\n    // \u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \u65f6\u7ec8\u6b62\u9012\u5f52\n    while (left < right) {\n        // \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u64cd\u4f5c\n        var pivot = partition(nums, left, right);\n        // \u5bf9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u8f83\u77ed\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u6267\u884c\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\n        if (pivot - left < right - pivot) {\n            quickSort(nums, left, pivot - 1);   // \u9012\u5f52\u6392\u5e8f\u5de6\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n            left = pivot + 1;                   // \u5269\u4f59\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [pivot + 1, right]\n        } else {\n            quickSort(nums, pivot + 1, right);  // \u9012\u5f52\u6392\u5e8f\u53f3\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\n            right = pivot - 1;                  // \u5269\u4f59\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [left, pivot - 1]\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_sorting/radix_sort/","title":"11.10 \u00a0 \u57fa\u6570\u6392\u5e8f","text":"

    \u4e0a\u4e00\u8282\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u5b83\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u91cf \\(n\\) \u8f83\u5927\u4f46\u6570\u636e\u8303\u56f4 \\(m\\) \u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5bf9 \\(n = 10^6\\) \u4e2a\u5b66\u53f7\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u800c\u5b66\u53f7\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a \\(8\\) \u4f4d\u6570\u5b57\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6570\u636e\u8303\u56f4 \\(m = 10^8\\) \u975e\u5e38\u5927\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u9700\u8981\u5206\u914d\u5927\u91cf\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u800c\u57fa\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u3002

    \u300c\u57fa\u6570\u6392\u5e8f radix sort\u300d\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u601d\u60f3\u4e0e\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u4e5f\u901a\u8fc7\u7edf\u8ba1\u4e2a\u6570\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u6392\u5e8f\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u57fa\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u5229\u7528\u6570\u5b57\u5404\u4f4d\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u9012\u8fdb\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4f9d\u6b21\u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e00\u4f4d\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f97\u5230\u6700\u7ec8\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u7ed3\u679c\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_sorting/radix_sort/#11101","title":"11.10.1 \u00a0 \u7b97\u6cd5\u6d41\u7a0b","text":"

    \u4ee5\u5b66\u53f7\u6570\u636e\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u5047\u8bbe\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u6700\u4f4e\u4f4d\u662f\u7b2c \\(1\\) \u4f4d\uff0c\u6700\u9ad8\u4f4d\u662f\u7b2c \\(8\\) \u4f4d\uff0c\u57fa\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u6d41\u7a0b\u5982\u56fe 11-18 \u6240\u793a\u3002

    1. \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4f4d\u6570 \\(k = 1\\) \u3002
    2. \u5bf9\u5b66\u53f7\u7684\u7b2c \\(k\\) \u4f4d\u6267\u884c\u201c\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u201d\u3002\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u4f1a\u6839\u636e\u7b2c \\(k\\) \u4f4d\u4ece\u5c0f\u5230\u5927\u6392\u5e8f\u3002
    3. \u5c06 \\(k\\) \u589e\u52a0 \\(1\\) \uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8fd4\u56de\u6b65\u9aa4 2. \u7ee7\u7eed\u8fed\u4ee3\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u6240\u6709\u4f4d\u90fd\u6392\u5e8f\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\u7ed3\u675f\u3002

    \u56fe 11-18 \u00a0 \u57fa\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u6d41\u7a0b

    \u4e0b\u9762\u5256\u6790\u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a \\(d\\) \u8fdb\u5236\u7684\u6570\u5b57 \\(x\\) \uff0c\u8981\u83b7\u53d6\u5176\u7b2c \\(k\\) \u4f4d \\(x_k\\) \uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8ba1\u7b97\u516c\u5f0f\uff1a

    \\[ x_k = \\lfloor\\frac{x}{d^{k-1}}\\rfloor \\bmod d \\]

    \u5176\u4e2d \\(\\lfloor a \\rfloor\\) \u8868\u793a\u5bf9\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570 \\(a\\) \u5411\u4e0b\u53d6\u6574\uff0c\u800c \\(\\bmod \\: d\\) \u8868\u793a\u5bf9 \\(d\\) \u53d6\u6a21\uff08\u53d6\u4f59\uff09\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5b66\u53f7\u6570\u636e\uff0c\\(d = 10\\) \u4e14 \\(k \\in [1, 8]\\) \u3002

    \u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5c0f\u5e45\u6539\u52a8\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u4f7f\u4e4b\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u7b2c \\(k\\) \u4f4d\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig radix_sort.py
    def digit(num: int, exp: int) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u83b7\u53d6\u5143\u7d20 num \u7684\u7b2c k \u4f4d\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d exp = 10^(k-1)\"\"\"\n    # \u4f20\u5165 exp \u800c\u975e k \u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u5728\u6b64\u91cd\u590d\u6267\u884c\u6602\u8d35\u7684\u6b21\u65b9\u8ba1\u7b97\n    return (num // exp) % 10\n\ndef counting_sort_digit(nums: list[int], exp: int):\n    \"\"\"\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u6839\u636e nums \u7b2c k \u4f4d\u6392\u5e8f\uff09\"\"\"\n    # \u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u7684\u4f4d\u8303\u56f4\u4e3a 0~9 \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 10 \u7684\u6876\u6570\u7ec4\n    counter = [0] * 10\n    n = len(nums)\n    # \u7edf\u8ba1 0~9 \u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n    for i in range(n):\n        d = digit(nums[i], exp)  # \u83b7\u53d6 nums[i] \u7b2c k \u4f4d\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a d\n        counter[d] += 1  # \u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u5b57 d \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n    # \u6c42\u524d\u7f00\u548c\uff0c\u5c06\u201c\u51fa\u73b0\u4e2a\u6570\u201d\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u201c\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\n    for i in range(1, 10):\n        counter[i] += counter[i - 1]\n    # \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u6876\u5185\u7edf\u8ba1\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165 res\n    res = [0] * n\n    for i in range(n - 1, -1, -1):\n        d = digit(nums[i], exp)\n        j = counter[d] - 1  # \u83b7\u53d6 d \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 j\n        res[j] = nums[i]  # \u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165\u7d22\u5f15 j\n        counter[d] -= 1  # \u5c06 d \u7684\u6570\u91cf\u51cf 1\n    # \u4f7f\u7528\u7ed3\u679c\u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums\n    for i in range(n):\n        nums[i] = res[i]\n\ndef radix_sort(nums: list[int]):\n    \"\"\"\u57fa\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\"\"\"\n    # \u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5224\u65ad\u6700\u5927\u4f4d\u6570\n    m = max(nums)\n    # \u6309\u7167\u4ece\u4f4e\u4f4d\u5230\u9ad8\u4f4d\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\n    exp = 1\n    while exp <= m:\n        # \u5bf9\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7b2c k \u4f4d\u6267\u884c\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\n        # k = 1 -> exp = 1\n        # k = 2 -> exp = 10\n        # \u5373 exp = 10^(k-1)\n        counting_sort_digit(nums, exp)\n        exp *= 10\n
    radix_sort.cpp
    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u5143\u7d20 num \u7684\u7b2c k \u4f4d\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d exp = 10^(k-1) */\nint digit(int num, int exp) {\n    // \u4f20\u5165 exp \u800c\u975e k \u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u5728\u6b64\u91cd\u590d\u6267\u884c\u6602\u8d35\u7684\u6b21\u65b9\u8ba1\u7b97\n    return (num / exp) % 10;\n}\n\n/* \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u6839\u636e nums \u7b2c k \u4f4d\u6392\u5e8f\uff09 */\nvoid countingSortDigit(vector<int> &nums, int exp) {\n    // \u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u7684\u4f4d\u8303\u56f4\u4e3a 0~9 \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 10 \u7684\u6876\u6570\u7ec4\n    vector<int> counter(10, 0);\n    int n = nums.size();\n    // \u7edf\u8ba1 0~9 \u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        int d = digit(nums[i], exp); // \u83b7\u53d6 nums[i] \u7b2c k \u4f4d\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a d\n        counter[d]++;                // \u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u5b57 d \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n    }\n    // \u6c42\u524d\u7f00\u548c\uff0c\u5c06\u201c\u51fa\u73b0\u4e2a\u6570\u201d\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u201c\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\n    for (int i = 1; i < 10; i++) {\n        counter[i] += counter[i - 1];\n    }\n    // \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u6876\u5185\u7edf\u8ba1\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165 res\n    vector<int> res(n, 0);\n    for (int i = n - 1; i >= 0; i--) {\n        int d = digit(nums[i], exp);\n        int j = counter[d] - 1; // \u83b7\u53d6 d \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 j\n        res[j] = nums[i];       // \u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165\u7d22\u5f15 j\n        counter[d]--;           // \u5c06 d \u7684\u6570\u91cf\u51cf 1\n    }\n    // \u4f7f\u7528\u7ed3\u679c\u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)\n        nums[i] = res[i];\n}\n\n/* \u57fa\u6570\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid radixSort(vector<int> &nums) {\n    // \u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5224\u65ad\u6700\u5927\u4f4d\u6570\n    int m = *max_element(nums.begin(), nums.end());\n    // \u6309\u7167\u4ece\u4f4e\u4f4d\u5230\u9ad8\u4f4d\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\n    for (int exp = 1; exp <= m; exp *= 10)\n        // \u5bf9\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7b2c k \u4f4d\u6267\u884c\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\n        // k = 1 -> exp = 1\n        // k = 2 -> exp = 10\n        // \u5373 exp = 10^(k-1)\n        countingSortDigit(nums, exp);\n}\n
    radix_sort.java
    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u5143\u7d20 num \u7684\u7b2c k \u4f4d\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d exp = 10^(k-1) */\nint digit(int num, int exp) {\n    // \u4f20\u5165 exp \u800c\u975e k \u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u5728\u6b64\u91cd\u590d\u6267\u884c\u6602\u8d35\u7684\u6b21\u65b9\u8ba1\u7b97\n    return (num / exp) % 10;\n}\n\n/* \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u6839\u636e nums \u7b2c k \u4f4d\u6392\u5e8f\uff09 */\nvoid countingSortDigit(int[] nums, int exp) {\n    // \u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u7684\u4f4d\u8303\u56f4\u4e3a 0~9 \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 10 \u7684\u6876\u6570\u7ec4\n    int[] counter = new int[10];\n    int n = nums.length;\n    // \u7edf\u8ba1 0~9 \u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        int d = digit(nums[i], exp); // \u83b7\u53d6 nums[i] \u7b2c k \u4f4d\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a d\n        counter[d]++;                // \u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u5b57 d \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n    }\n    // \u6c42\u524d\u7f00\u548c\uff0c\u5c06\u201c\u51fa\u73b0\u4e2a\u6570\u201d\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u201c\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\n    for (int i = 1; i < 10; i++) {\n        counter[i] += counter[i - 1];\n    }\n    // \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u6876\u5185\u7edf\u8ba1\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165 res\n    int[] res = new int[n];\n    for (int i = n - 1; i >= 0; i--) {\n        int d = digit(nums[i], exp);\n        int j = counter[d] - 1; // \u83b7\u53d6 d \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 j\n        res[j] = nums[i];       // \u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165\u7d22\u5f15 j\n        counter[d]--;           // \u5c06 d \u7684\u6570\u91cf\u51cf 1\n    }\n    // \u4f7f\u7528\u7ed3\u679c\u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)\n        nums[i] = res[i];\n}\n\n/* \u57fa\u6570\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid radixSort(int[] nums) {\n    // \u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5224\u65ad\u6700\u5927\u4f4d\u6570\n    int m = Integer.MIN_VALUE;\n    for (int num : nums)\n        if (num > m)\n            m = num;\n    // \u6309\u7167\u4ece\u4f4e\u4f4d\u5230\u9ad8\u4f4d\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\n    for (int exp = 1; exp <= m; exp *= 10)\n        // \u5bf9\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7b2c k \u4f4d\u6267\u884c\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\n        // k = 1 -> exp = 1\n        // k = 2 -> exp = 10\n        // \u5373 exp = 10^(k-1)\n        countingSortDigit(nums, exp);\n}\n
    radix_sort.cs
    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u5143\u7d20 num \u7684\u7b2c k \u4f4d\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d exp = 10^(k-1) */\nint Digit(int num, int exp) {\n    // \u4f20\u5165 exp \u800c\u975e k \u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u5728\u6b64\u91cd\u590d\u6267\u884c\u6602\u8d35\u7684\u6b21\u65b9\u8ba1\u7b97\n    return (num / exp) % 10;\n}\n\n/* \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u6839\u636e nums \u7b2c k \u4f4d\u6392\u5e8f\uff09 */\nvoid CountingSortDigit(int[] nums, int exp) {\n    // \u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u7684\u4f4d\u8303\u56f4\u4e3a 0~9 \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 10 \u7684\u6876\u6570\u7ec4\n    int[] counter = new int[10];\n    int n = nums.Length;\n    // \u7edf\u8ba1 0~9 \u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        int d = Digit(nums[i], exp); // \u83b7\u53d6 nums[i] \u7b2c k \u4f4d\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a d\n        counter[d]++;                // \u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u5b57 d \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n    }\n    // \u6c42\u524d\u7f00\u548c\uff0c\u5c06\u201c\u51fa\u73b0\u4e2a\u6570\u201d\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u201c\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\n    for (int i = 1; i < 10; i++) {\n        counter[i] += counter[i - 1];\n    }\n    // \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u6876\u5185\u7edf\u8ba1\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165 res\n    int[] res = new int[n];\n    for (int i = n - 1; i >= 0; i--) {\n        int d = Digit(nums[i], exp);\n        int j = counter[d] - 1; // \u83b7\u53d6 d \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 j\n        res[j] = nums[i];       // \u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165\u7d22\u5f15 j\n        counter[d]--;           // \u5c06 d \u7684\u6570\u91cf\u51cf 1\n    }\n    // \u4f7f\u7528\u7ed3\u679c\u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums\n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        nums[i] = res[i];\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u57fa\u6570\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid RadixSort(int[] nums) {\n    // \u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5224\u65ad\u6700\u5927\u4f4d\u6570\n    int m = int.MinValue;\n    foreach (int num in nums) {\n        if (num > m) m = num;\n    }\n    // \u6309\u7167\u4ece\u4f4e\u4f4d\u5230\u9ad8\u4f4d\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\n    for (int exp = 1; exp <= m; exp *= 10) {\n        // \u5bf9\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7b2c k \u4f4d\u6267\u884c\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\n        // k = 1 -> exp = 1\n        // k = 2 -> exp = 10\n        // \u5373 exp = 10^(k-1)\n        CountingSortDigit(nums, exp);\n    }\n}\n
    radix_sort.go
    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u5143\u7d20 num \u7684\u7b2c k \u4f4d\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d exp = 10^(k-1) */\nfunc digit(num, exp int) int {\n    // \u4f20\u5165 exp \u800c\u975e k \u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u5728\u6b64\u91cd\u590d\u6267\u884c\u6602\u8d35\u7684\u6b21\u65b9\u8ba1\u7b97\n    return (num / exp) % 10\n}\n\n/* \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u6839\u636e nums \u7b2c k \u4f4d\u6392\u5e8f\uff09 */\nfunc countingSortDigit(nums []int, exp int) {\n    // \u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u7684\u4f4d\u8303\u56f4\u4e3a 0~9 \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 10 \u7684\u6876\u6570\u7ec4\n    counter := make([]int, 10)\n    n := len(nums)\n    // \u7edf\u8ba1 0~9 \u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n    for i := 0; i < n; i++ {\n        d := digit(nums[i], exp) // \u83b7\u53d6 nums[i] \u7b2c k \u4f4d\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a d\n        counter[d]++             // \u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u5b57 d \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n    }\n    // \u6c42\u524d\u7f00\u548c\uff0c\u5c06\u201c\u51fa\u73b0\u4e2a\u6570\u201d\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u201c\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\n    for i := 1; i < 10; i++ {\n        counter[i] += counter[i-1]\n    }\n    // \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u6876\u5185\u7edf\u8ba1\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165 res\n    res := make([]int, n)\n    for i := n - 1; i >= 0; i-- {\n        d := digit(nums[i], exp)\n        j := counter[d] - 1 // \u83b7\u53d6 d \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 j\n        res[j] = nums[i]    // \u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165\u7d22\u5f15 j\n        counter[d]--        // \u5c06 d \u7684\u6570\u91cf\u51cf 1\n    }\n    // \u4f7f\u7528\u7ed3\u679c\u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums\n    for i := 0; i < n; i++ {\n        nums[i] = res[i]\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u57fa\u6570\u6392\u5e8f */\nfunc radixSort(nums []int) {\n    // \u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5224\u65ad\u6700\u5927\u4f4d\u6570\n    max := math.MinInt\n    for _, num := range nums {\n        if num > max {\n            max = num\n        }\n    }\n    // \u6309\u7167\u4ece\u4f4e\u4f4d\u5230\u9ad8\u4f4d\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\n    for exp := 1; max >= exp; exp *= 10 {\n        // \u5bf9\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7b2c k \u4f4d\u6267\u884c\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\n        // k = 1 -> exp = 1\n        // k = 2 -> exp = 10\n        // \u5373 exp = 10^(k-1)\n        countingSortDigit(nums, exp)\n    }\n}\n
    radix_sort.swift
    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u5143\u7d20 num \u7684\u7b2c k \u4f4d\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d exp = 10^(k-1) */\nfunc digit(num: Int, exp: Int) -> Int {\n    // \u4f20\u5165 exp \u800c\u975e k \u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u5728\u6b64\u91cd\u590d\u6267\u884c\u6602\u8d35\u7684\u6b21\u65b9\u8ba1\u7b97\n    (num / exp) % 10\n}\n\n/* \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u6839\u636e nums \u7b2c k \u4f4d\u6392\u5e8f\uff09 */\nfunc countingSortDigit(nums: inout [Int], exp: Int) {\n    // \u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u7684\u4f4d\u8303\u56f4\u4e3a 0~9 \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 10 \u7684\u6876\u6570\u7ec4\n    var counter = Array(repeating: 0, count: 10)\n    let n = nums.count\n    // \u7edf\u8ba1 0~9 \u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n    for i in nums.indices {\n        let d = digit(num: nums[i], exp: exp) // \u83b7\u53d6 nums[i] \u7b2c k \u4f4d\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a d\n        counter[d] += 1 // \u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u5b57 d \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n    }\n    // \u6c42\u524d\u7f00\u548c\uff0c\u5c06\u201c\u51fa\u73b0\u4e2a\u6570\u201d\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u201c\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\n    for i in 1 ..< 10 {\n        counter[i] += counter[i - 1]\n    }\n    // \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u6876\u5185\u7edf\u8ba1\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165 res\n    var res = Array(repeating: 0, count: n)\n    for i in stride(from: n - 1, through: 0, by: -1) {\n        let d = digit(num: nums[i], exp: exp)\n        let j = counter[d] - 1 // \u83b7\u53d6 d \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 j\n        res[j] = nums[i] // \u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165\u7d22\u5f15 j\n        counter[d] -= 1 // \u5c06 d \u7684\u6570\u91cf\u51cf 1\n    }\n    // \u4f7f\u7528\u7ed3\u679c\u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums\n    for i in nums.indices {\n        nums[i] = res[i]\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u57fa\u6570\u6392\u5e8f */\nfunc radixSort(nums: inout [Int]) {\n    // \u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5224\u65ad\u6700\u5927\u4f4d\u6570\n    var m = Int.min\n    for num in nums {\n        if num > m {\n            m = num\n        }\n    }\n    // \u6309\u7167\u4ece\u4f4e\u4f4d\u5230\u9ad8\u4f4d\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\n    for exp in sequence(first: 1, next: { m >= ($0 * 10) ? $0 * 10 : nil }) {\n        // \u5bf9\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7b2c k \u4f4d\u6267\u884c\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\n        // k = 1 -> exp = 1\n        // k = 2 -> exp = 10\n        // \u5373 exp = 10^(k-1)\n        countingSortDigit(nums: &nums, exp: exp)\n    }\n}\n
    radix_sort.js
    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u5143\u7d20 num \u7684\u7b2c k \u4f4d\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d exp = 10^(k-1) */\nfunction digit(num, exp) {\n    // \u4f20\u5165 exp \u800c\u975e k \u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u5728\u6b64\u91cd\u590d\u6267\u884c\u6602\u8d35\u7684\u6b21\u65b9\u8ba1\u7b97\n    return Math.floor(num / exp) % 10;\n}\n\n/* \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u6839\u636e nums \u7b2c k \u4f4d\u6392\u5e8f\uff09 */\nfunction countingSortDigit(nums, exp) {\n    // \u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u7684\u4f4d\u8303\u56f4\u4e3a 0~9 \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 10 \u7684\u6876\u6570\u7ec4\n    const counter = new Array(10).fill(0);\n    const n = nums.length;\n    // \u7edf\u8ba1 0~9 \u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n    for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        const d = digit(nums[i], exp); // \u83b7\u53d6 nums[i] \u7b2c k \u4f4d\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a d\n        counter[d]++; // \u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u5b57 d \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n    }\n    // \u6c42\u524d\u7f00\u548c\uff0c\u5c06\u201c\u51fa\u73b0\u4e2a\u6570\u201d\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u201c\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\n    for (let i = 1; i < 10; i++) {\n        counter[i] += counter[i - 1];\n    }\n    // \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u6876\u5185\u7edf\u8ba1\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165 res\n    const res = new Array(n).fill(0);\n    for (let i = n - 1; i >= 0; i--) {\n        const d = digit(nums[i], exp);\n        const j = counter[d] - 1; // \u83b7\u53d6 d \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 j\n        res[j] = nums[i]; // \u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165\u7d22\u5f15 j\n        counter[d]--; // \u5c06 d \u7684\u6570\u91cf\u51cf 1\n    }\n    // \u4f7f\u7528\u7ed3\u679c\u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums\n    for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        nums[i] = res[i];\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u57fa\u6570\u6392\u5e8f */\nfunction radixSort(nums) {\n    // \u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5224\u65ad\u6700\u5927\u4f4d\u6570\n    let m = Number.MIN_VALUE;\n    for (const num of nums) {\n        if (num > m) {\n            m = num;\n        }\n    }\n    // \u6309\u7167\u4ece\u4f4e\u4f4d\u5230\u9ad8\u4f4d\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\n    for (let exp = 1; exp <= m; exp *= 10) {\n        // \u5bf9\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7b2c k \u4f4d\u6267\u884c\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\n        // k = 1 -> exp = 1\n        // k = 2 -> exp = 10\n        // \u5373 exp = 10^(k-1)\n        countingSortDigit(nums, exp);\n    }\n}\n
    radix_sort.ts
    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u5143\u7d20 num \u7684\u7b2c k \u4f4d\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d exp = 10^(k-1) */\nfunction digit(num: number, exp: number): number {\n    // \u4f20\u5165 exp \u800c\u975e k \u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u5728\u6b64\u91cd\u590d\u6267\u884c\u6602\u8d35\u7684\u6b21\u65b9\u8ba1\u7b97\n    return Math.floor(num / exp) % 10;\n}\n\n/* \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u6839\u636e nums \u7b2c k \u4f4d\u6392\u5e8f\uff09 */\nfunction countingSortDigit(nums: number[], exp: number): void {\n    // \u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u7684\u4f4d\u8303\u56f4\u4e3a 0~9 \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 10 \u7684\u6876\u6570\u7ec4\n    const counter = new Array(10).fill(0);\n    const n = nums.length;\n    // \u7edf\u8ba1 0~9 \u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n    for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        const d = digit(nums[i], exp); // \u83b7\u53d6 nums[i] \u7b2c k \u4f4d\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a d\n        counter[d]++; // \u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u5b57 d \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n    }\n    // \u6c42\u524d\u7f00\u548c\uff0c\u5c06\u201c\u51fa\u73b0\u4e2a\u6570\u201d\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u201c\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\n    for (let i = 1; i < 10; i++) {\n        counter[i] += counter[i - 1];\n    }\n    // \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u6876\u5185\u7edf\u8ba1\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165 res\n    const res = new Array(n).fill(0);\n    for (let i = n - 1; i >= 0; i--) {\n        const d = digit(nums[i], exp);\n        const j = counter[d] - 1; // \u83b7\u53d6 d \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 j\n        res[j] = nums[i]; // \u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165\u7d22\u5f15 j\n        counter[d]--; // \u5c06 d \u7684\u6570\u91cf\u51cf 1\n    }\n    // \u4f7f\u7528\u7ed3\u679c\u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums\n    for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        nums[i] = res[i];\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u57fa\u6570\u6392\u5e8f */\nfunction radixSort(nums: number[]): void {\n    // \u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5224\u65ad\u6700\u5927\u4f4d\u6570\n    let m = Number.MIN_VALUE;\n    for (const num of nums) {\n        if (num > m) {\n            m = num;\n        }\n    }\n    // \u6309\u7167\u4ece\u4f4e\u4f4d\u5230\u9ad8\u4f4d\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\n    for (let exp = 1; exp <= m; exp *= 10) {\n        // \u5bf9\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7b2c k \u4f4d\u6267\u884c\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\n        // k = 1 -> exp = 1\n        // k = 2 -> exp = 10\n        // \u5373 exp = 10^(k-1)\n        countingSortDigit(nums, exp);\n    }\n}\n
    radix_sort.dart
    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u5143\u7d20 _num \u7684\u7b2c k \u4f4d\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d exp = 10^(k-1) */\nint digit(int _num, int exp) {\n  // \u4f20\u5165 exp \u800c\u975e k \u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u5728\u6b64\u91cd\u590d\u6267\u884c\u6602\u8d35\u7684\u6b21\u65b9\u8ba1\u7b97\n  return (_num ~/ exp) % 10;\n}\n\n/* \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u6839\u636e nums \u7b2c k \u4f4d\u6392\u5e8f\uff09 */\nvoid countingSortDigit(List<int> nums, int exp) {\n  // \u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u7684\u4f4d\u8303\u56f4\u4e3a 0~9 \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 10 \u7684\u6876\u6570\u7ec4\n  List<int> counter = List<int>.filled(10, 0);\n  int n = nums.length;\n  // \u7edf\u8ba1 0~9 \u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n    int d = digit(nums[i], exp); // \u83b7\u53d6 nums[i] \u7b2c k \u4f4d\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a d\n    counter[d]++; // \u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u5b57 d \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n  }\n  // \u6c42\u524d\u7f00\u548c\uff0c\u5c06\u201c\u51fa\u73b0\u4e2a\u6570\u201d\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u201c\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\n  for (int i = 1; i < 10; i++) {\n    counter[i] += counter[i - 1];\n  }\n  // \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u6876\u5185\u7edf\u8ba1\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165 res\n  List<int> res = List<int>.filled(n, 0);\n  for (int i = n - 1; i >= 0; i--) {\n    int d = digit(nums[i], exp);\n    int j = counter[d] - 1; // \u83b7\u53d6 d \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 j\n    res[j] = nums[i]; // \u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165\u7d22\u5f15 j\n    counter[d]--; // \u5c06 d \u7684\u6570\u91cf\u51cf 1\n  }\n  // \u4f7f\u7528\u7ed3\u679c\u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums\n  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) nums[i] = res[i];\n}\n\n/* \u57fa\u6570\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid radixSort(List<int> nums) {\n  // \u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5224\u65ad\u6700\u5927\u4f4d\u6570\n  // dart \u4e2d int \u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u662f 64 \u4f4d\u7684\n  int m = -1 << 63;\n  for (int _num in nums) if (_num > m) m = _num;\n  // \u6309\u7167\u4ece\u4f4e\u4f4d\u5230\u9ad8\u4f4d\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\n  for (int exp = 1; exp <= m; exp *= 10)\n    // \u5bf9\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7b2c k \u4f4d\u6267\u884c\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\n    // k = 1 -> exp = 1\n    // k = 2 -> exp = 10\n    // \u5373 exp = 10^(k-1)\n    countingSortDigit(nums, exp);\n}\n
    radix_sort.rs
    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u5143\u7d20 num \u7684\u7b2c k \u4f4d\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d exp = 10^(k-1) */\nfn digit(num: i32, exp: i32) -> usize {\n    // \u4f20\u5165 exp \u800c\u975e k \u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u5728\u6b64\u91cd\u590d\u6267\u884c\u6602\u8d35\u7684\u6b21\u65b9\u8ba1\u7b97\n    return ((num / exp) % 10) as usize;\n}\n\n/* \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u6839\u636e nums \u7b2c k \u4f4d\u6392\u5e8f\uff09 */\nfn counting_sort_digit(nums: &mut [i32], exp: i32) {\n    // \u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u7684\u4f4d\u8303\u56f4\u4e3a 0~9 \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 10 \u7684\u6876\u6570\u7ec4\n    let mut counter = [0; 10];\n    let n = nums.len();\n    // \u7edf\u8ba1 0~9 \u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n    for i in 0..n {\n        let d = digit(nums[i], exp); // \u83b7\u53d6 nums[i] \u7b2c k \u4f4d\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a d\n        counter[d] += 1; // \u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u5b57 d \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n    }\n    // \u6c42\u524d\u7f00\u548c\uff0c\u5c06\u201c\u51fa\u73b0\u4e2a\u6570\u201d\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u201c\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\n    for i in 1..10 {\n        counter[i] += counter[i - 1];\n    }\n    // \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u6876\u5185\u7edf\u8ba1\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165 res\n    let mut res = vec![0; n];\n    for i in (0..n).rev() {\n        let d = digit(nums[i], exp);\n        let j = counter[d] - 1; // \u83b7\u53d6 d \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 j\n        res[j] = nums[i]; // \u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165\u7d22\u5f15 j\n        counter[d] -= 1; // \u5c06 d \u7684\u6570\u91cf\u51cf 1\n    }\n    // \u4f7f\u7528\u7ed3\u679c\u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums\n    for i in 0..n {\n        nums[i] = res[i];\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u57fa\u6570\u6392\u5e8f */\nfn radix_sort(nums: &mut [i32]) {\n    // \u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5224\u65ad\u6700\u5927\u4f4d\u6570\n    let m = *nums.into_iter().max().unwrap();\n    // \u6309\u7167\u4ece\u4f4e\u4f4d\u5230\u9ad8\u4f4d\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\n    let mut exp = 1;\n    while exp <= m {\n        counting_sort_digit(nums, exp);\n        exp *= 10;\n    }\n}\n
    radix_sort.c
    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u5143\u7d20 num \u7684\u7b2c k \u4f4d\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d exp = 10^(k-1) */\nint digit(int num, int exp) {\n    // \u4f20\u5165 exp \u800c\u975e k \u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u5728\u6b64\u91cd\u590d\u6267\u884c\u6602\u8d35\u7684\u6b21\u65b9\u8ba1\u7b97\n    return (num / exp) % 10;\n}\n\n/* \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u6839\u636e nums \u7b2c k \u4f4d\u6392\u5e8f\uff09 */\nvoid countingSortDigit(int nums[], int size, int exp) {\n    // \u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u7684\u4f4d\u8303\u56f4\u4e3a 0~9 \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 10 \u7684\u6876\u6570\u7ec4\n    int *counter = (int *)malloc((sizeof(int) * 10));\n    // \u7edf\u8ba1 0~9 \u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n    for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {\n        // \u83b7\u53d6 nums[i] \u7b2c k \u4f4d\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a d\n        int d = digit(nums[i], exp);\n        // \u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u5b57 d \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n        counter[d]++;\n    }\n    // \u6c42\u524d\u7f00\u548c\uff0c\u5c06\u201c\u51fa\u73b0\u4e2a\u6570\u201d\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u201c\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\n    for (int i = 1; i < 10; i++) {\n        counter[i] += counter[i - 1];\n    }\n    // \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u6876\u5185\u7edf\u8ba1\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165 res\n    int *res = (int *)malloc(sizeof(int) * size);\n    for (int i = size - 1; i >= 0; i--) {\n        int d = digit(nums[i], exp);\n        int j = counter[d] - 1; // \u83b7\u53d6 d \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 j\n        res[j] = nums[i];       // \u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165\u7d22\u5f15 j\n        counter[d]--;           // \u5c06 d \u7684\u6570\u91cf\u51cf 1\n    }\n    // \u4f7f\u7528\u7ed3\u679c\u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums\n    for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {\n        nums[i] = res[i];\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u57fa\u6570\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid radixSort(int nums[], int size) {\n    // \u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5224\u65ad\u6700\u5927\u4f4d\u6570\n    int max = INT32_MIN;\n    for (size_t i = 0; i < size - 1; i++) {\n        if (nums[i] > max) {\n            max = nums[i];\n        }\n    }\n    // \u6309\u7167\u4ece\u4f4e\u4f4d\u5230\u9ad8\u4f4d\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\n    for (int exp = 1; max >= exp; exp *= 10)\n        // \u5bf9\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7b2c k \u4f4d\u6267\u884c\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\n        // k = 1 -> exp = 1\n        // k = 2 -> exp = 10\n        // \u5373 exp = 10^(k-1)\n        countingSortDigit(nums, size, exp);\n}\n
    radix_sort.zig
    // \u83b7\u53d6\u5143\u7d20 num \u7684\u7b2c k \u4f4d\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d exp = 10^(k-1)\nfn digit(num: i32, exp: i32) i32 {\n    // \u4f20\u5165 exp \u800c\u975e k \u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u5728\u6b64\u91cd\u590d\u6267\u884c\u6602\u8d35\u7684\u6b21\u65b9\u8ba1\u7b97\n    return @mod(@divFloor(num, exp), 10);\n}\n\n// \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u6839\u636e nums \u7b2c k \u4f4d\u6392\u5e8f\uff09\nfn countingSortDigit(nums: []i32, exp: i32) !void {\n    // \u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u7684\u4f4d\u8303\u56f4\u4e3a 0~9 \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 10 \u7684\u6876\u6570\u7ec4\n    var mem_arena = std.heap.ArenaAllocator.init(std.heap.page_allocator);\n    // defer mem_arena.deinit();\n    const mem_allocator = mem_arena.allocator();\n    var counter = try mem_allocator.alloc(usize, 10);\n    @memset(counter, 0);\n    var n = nums.len;\n    // \u7edf\u8ba1 0~9 \u5404\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n    for (nums) |num| {\n        var d: u32 = @bitCast(digit(num, exp)); // \u83b7\u53d6 nums[i] \u7b2c k \u4f4d\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a d\n        counter[d] += 1; // \u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u5b57 d \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\n    }\n    // \u6c42\u524d\u7f00\u548c\uff0c\u5c06\u201c\u51fa\u73b0\u4e2a\u6570\u201d\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u201c\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\n    var i: usize = 1;\n    while (i < 10) : (i += 1) {\n        counter[i] += counter[i - 1];\n    }\n    // \u5012\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u6876\u5185\u7edf\u8ba1\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5c06\u5404\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165 res\n    var res = try mem_allocator.alloc(i32, n);\n    i = n - 1;\n    while (i >= 0) : (i -= 1) {\n        var d: u32 = @bitCast(digit(nums[i], exp));\n        var j = counter[d] - 1; // \u83b7\u53d6 d \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 j\n        res[j] = nums[i];       // \u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u586b\u5165\u7d22\u5f15 j\n        counter[d] -= 1;        // \u5c06 d \u7684\u6570\u91cf\u51cf 1\n        if (i == 0) break;\n    }\n    // \u4f7f\u7528\u7ed3\u679c\u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6570\u7ec4 nums\n    i = 0;\n    while (i < n) : (i += 1) {\n        nums[i] = res[i];\n    }\n}\n\n// \u57fa\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\nfn radixSort(nums: []i32) !void {\n    // \u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5224\u65ad\u6700\u5927\u4f4d\u6570\n    var m: i32 = std.math.minInt(i32);\n    for (nums) |num| {\n        if (num > m) m = num;\n    }\n    // \u6309\u7167\u4ece\u4f4e\u4f4d\u5230\u9ad8\u4f4d\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\n    var exp: i32 = 1;\n    while (exp <= m) : (exp *= 10) {\n        // \u5bf9\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7b2c k \u4f4d\u6267\u884c\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\n        // k = 1 -> exp = 1\n        // k = 2 -> exp = 10\n        // \u5373 exp = 10^(k-1)\n        try countingSortDigit(nums, exp);    \n    }\n} \n

    \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4ece\u6700\u4f4e\u4f4d\u5f00\u59cb\u6392\u5e8f\uff1f

    \u5728\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u8f6e\u6b21\u4e2d\uff0c\u540e\u4e00\u8f6e\u6392\u5e8f\u4f1a\u8986\u76d6\u524d\u4e00\u8f6e\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u4e3e\u4f8b\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u7b2c\u4e00\u8f6e\u6392\u5e8f\u7ed3\u679c \\(a < b\\) \uff0c\u800c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8f6e\u6392\u5e8f\u7ed3\u679c \\(a > b\\) \uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8f6e\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u5c06\u53d6\u4ee3\u7b2c\u4e00\u8f6e\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u9ad8\u4f4d\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u9ad8\u4e8e\u4f4e\u4f4d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5e94\u8be5\u5148\u6392\u5e8f\u4f4e\u4f4d\u518d\u6392\u5e8f\u9ad8\u4f4d\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_sorting/radix_sort/#11102","title":"11.10.2 \u00a0 \u7b97\u6cd5\u7279\u6027","text":"

    \u76f8\u8f83\u4e8e\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u57fa\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6570\u503c\u8303\u56f4\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u4f46\u524d\u63d0\u662f\u6570\u636e\u5fc5\u987b\u53ef\u4ee5\u8868\u793a\u4e3a\u56fa\u5b9a\u4f4d\u6570\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e14\u4f4d\u6570\u4e0d\u80fd\u8fc7\u5927\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570\u4e0d\u9002\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u57fa\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5176\u4f4d\u6570 \\(k\\) \u8fc7\u5927\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 \\(O(nk) \\gg O(n^2)\\) \u3002

    • \u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(nk)\\)\uff1a\u8bbe\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u4e3a \\(n\\)\u3001\u6570\u636e\u4e3a \\(d\\) \u8fdb\u5236\u3001\u6700\u5927\u4f4d\u6570\u4e3a \\(k\\) \uff0c\u5219\u5bf9\u67d0\u4e00\u4f4d\u6267\u884c\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(n + d)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u6392\u5e8f\u6240\u6709 \\(k\\) \u4f4d\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O((n + d)k)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\\(d\\) \u548c \\(k\\) \u90fd\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u5c0f\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u8d8b\u5411 \\(O(n)\\) \u3002
    • \u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n + d)\\)\u3001\u975e\u539f\u5730\u6392\u5e8f\uff1a\u4e0e\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u57fa\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u9700\u8981\u501f\u52a9\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(n\\) \u548c \\(d\\) \u7684\u6570\u7ec4 res \u548c counter \u3002
    • \u7a33\u5b9a\u6392\u5e8f\uff1a\u5f53\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u7a33\u5b9a\u65f6\uff0c\u57fa\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u4e5f\u7a33\u5b9a\uff1b\u5f53\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u65f6\uff0c\u57fa\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u65e0\u6cd5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5f97\u5230\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u7ed3\u679c\u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_sorting/selection_sort/","title":"11.2 \u00a0 \u9009\u62e9\u6392\u5e8f","text":"

    \u300c\u9009\u62e9\u6392\u5e8f selection sort\u300d\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u975e\u5e38\u7b80\u5355\uff1a\u5f00\u542f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u6bcf\u8f6e\u4ece\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u9009\u62e9\u6700\u5c0f\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u653e\u5230\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u672b\u5c3e\u3002

    \u8bbe\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(n\\) \uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u6d41\u7a0b\u5982\u56fe 11-2 \u6240\u793a\u3002

    1. \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u5373\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u7d22\u5f15\uff09\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a \\([0, n-1]\\) \u3002
    2. \u9009\u53d6\u533a\u95f4 \\([0, n-1]\\) \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u4e0e\u7d22\u5f15 \\(0\\) \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u3002\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u6570\u7ec4\u524d 1 \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u3002
    3. \u9009\u53d6\u533a\u95f4 \\([1, n-1]\\) \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u4e0e\u7d22\u5f15 \\(1\\) \u5904\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u3002\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u6570\u7ec4\u524d 2 \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u3002
    4. \u4ee5\u6b64\u7c7b\u63a8\u3002\u7ecf\u8fc7 \\(n - 1\\) \u8f6e\u9009\u62e9\u4e0e\u4ea4\u6362\u540e\uff0c\u6570\u7ec4\u524d \\(n - 1\\) \u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u3002
    5. \u4ec5\u5269\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5fc5\u5b9a\u662f\u6700\u5927\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u65e0\u987b\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6570\u7ec4\u6392\u5e8f\u5b8c\u6210\u3002
    <1><2><3><4><5><6><7><8><9><10><11>

    \u56fe 11-2 \u00a0 \u9009\u62e9\u6392\u5e8f\u6b65\u9aa4

    \u5728\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7528 \\(k\\) \u6765\u8bb0\u5f55\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u5185\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig selection_sort.py
    def selection_sort(nums: list[int]):\n    \"\"\"\u9009\u62e9\u6392\u5e8f\"\"\"\n    n = len(nums)\n    # \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [i, n-1]\n    for i in range(n - 1):\n        # \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u627e\u5230\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u5185\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\n        k = i\n        for j in range(i + 1, n):\n            if nums[j] < nums[k]:\n                k = j  # \u8bb0\u5f55\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n        # \u5c06\u8be5\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\n        nums[i], nums[k] = nums[k], nums[i]\n
    selection_sort.cpp
    /* \u9009\u62e9\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid selectionSort(vector<int> &nums) {\n    int n = nums.size();\n    // \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [i, n-1]\n    for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) {\n        // \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u627e\u5230\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u5185\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\n        int k = i;\n        for (int j = i + 1; j < n; j++) {\n            if (nums[j] < nums[k])\n                k = j; // \u8bb0\u5f55\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n        }\n        // \u5c06\u8be5\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\n        swap(nums[i], nums[k]);\n    }\n}\n
    selection_sort.java
    /* \u9009\u62e9\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid selectionSort(int[] nums) {\n    int n = nums.length;\n    // \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [i, n-1]\n    for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) {\n        // \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u627e\u5230\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u5185\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\n        int k = i;\n        for (int j = i + 1; j < n; j++) {\n            if (nums[j] < nums[k])\n                k = j; // \u8bb0\u5f55\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n        }\n        // \u5c06\u8be5\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\n        int temp = nums[i];\n        nums[i] = nums[k];\n        nums[k] = temp;\n    }\n}\n
    selection_sort.cs
    /* \u9009\u62e9\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid SelectionSort(int[] nums) {\n    int n = nums.Length;\n    // \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [i, n-1]\n    for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) {\n        // \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u627e\u5230\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u5185\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\n        int k = i;\n        for (int j = i + 1; j < n; j++) {\n            if (nums[j] < nums[k])\n                k = j; // \u8bb0\u5f55\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n        }\n        // \u5c06\u8be5\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\n        (nums[k], nums[i]) = (nums[i], nums[k]);\n    }\n}\n
    selection_sort.go
    /* \u9009\u62e9\u6392\u5e8f */\nfunc selectionSort(nums []int) {\n    n := len(nums)\n    // \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [i, n-1]\n    for i := 0; i < n-1; i++ {\n        // \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u627e\u5230\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u5185\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\n        k := i\n        for j := i + 1; j < n; j++ {\n            if nums[j] < nums[k] {\n                // \u8bb0\u5f55\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n                k = j\n            }\n        }\n        // \u5c06\u8be5\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\n        nums[i], nums[k] = nums[k], nums[i]\n\n    }\n}\n
    selection_sort.swift
    /* \u9009\u62e9\u6392\u5e8f */\nfunc selectionSort(nums: inout [Int]) {\n    // \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [i, n-1]\n    for i in nums.indices.dropLast() {\n        // \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u627e\u5230\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u5185\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\n        var k = i\n        for j in nums.indices.dropFirst(i + 1) {\n            if nums[j] < nums[k] {\n                k = j // \u8bb0\u5f55\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n            }\n        }\n        // \u5c06\u8be5\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\n        nums.swapAt(i, k)\n    }\n}\n
    selection_sort.js
    /* \u9009\u62e9\u6392\u5e8f */\nfunction selectionSort(nums) {\n    let n = nums.length;\n    // \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [i, n-1]\n    for (let i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) {\n        // \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u627e\u5230\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u5185\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\n        let k = i;\n        for (let j = i + 1; j < n; j++) {\n            if (nums[j] < nums[k]) {\n                k = j; // \u8bb0\u5f55\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n            }\n        }\n        // \u5c06\u8be5\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\n        [nums[i], nums[k]] = [nums[k], nums[i]];\n    }\n}\n
    selection_sort.ts
    /* \u9009\u62e9\u6392\u5e8f */\nfunction selectionSort(nums: number[]): void {\n    let n = nums.length;\n    // \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [i, n-1]\n    for (let i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) {\n        // \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u627e\u5230\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u5185\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\n        let k = i;\n        for (let j = i + 1; j < n; j++) {\n            if (nums[j] < nums[k]) {\n                k = j; // \u8bb0\u5f55\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n            }\n        }\n        // \u5c06\u8be5\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\n        [nums[i], nums[k]] = [nums[k], nums[i]];\n    }\n}\n
    selection_sort.dart
    /* \u9009\u62e9\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid selectionSort(List<int> nums) {\n  int n = nums.length;\n  // \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [i, n-1]\n  for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) {\n    // \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u627e\u5230\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u5185\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\n    int k = i;\n    for (int j = i + 1; j < n; j++) {\n      if (nums[j] < nums[k]) k = j; // \u8bb0\u5f55\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n    }\n    // \u5c06\u8be5\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\n    int temp = nums[i];\n    nums[i] = nums[k];\n    nums[k] = temp;\n  }\n}\n
    selection_sort.rs
    /* \u9009\u62e9\u6392\u5e8f */\nfn selection_sort(nums: &mut [i32]) {\n    let n = nums.len();\n    // \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [i, n-1]\n    for i in 0..n-1 {\n        // \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u627e\u5230\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u5185\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\n        let mut k = i;\n        for j in i+1..n {\n            if nums[j] < nums[k] {\n                k = j; // \u8bb0\u5f55\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n            }\n        }\n        // \u5c06\u8be5\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\n        nums.swap(i, k);\n    }\n}\n
    selection_sort.c
    /* \u9009\u62e9\u6392\u5e8f */\nvoid selectionSort(int nums[], int n) {\n    // \u5916\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [i, n-1]\n    for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) {\n        // \u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff1a\u627e\u5230\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u5185\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\n        int k = i;\n        for (int j = i + 1; j < n; j++) {\n            if (nums[j] < nums[k])\n                k = j; // \u8bb0\u5f55\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\n        }\n        // \u5c06\u8be5\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\n        int temp = nums[i];\n        nums[i] = nums[k];\n        nums[k] = temp;\n    }\n}\n
    selection_sort.zig
    [class]{}-[func]{selectionSort}\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_sorting/selection_sort/#1121","title":"11.2.1 \u00a0 \u7b97\u6cd5\u7279\u6027","text":"
    • \u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n^2)\\)\u3001\u975e\u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u6392\u5e8f\uff1a\u5916\u5faa\u73af\u5171 \\(n - 1\\) \u8f6e\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u8f6e\u7684\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(n\\) \uff0c\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u8f6e\u7684\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(2\\) \uff0c\u5373\u5404\u8f6e\u5916\u5faa\u73af\u5206\u522b\u5305\u542b \\(n\\)\u3001\\(n - 1\\)\u3001\\(\\dots\\)\u3001\\(3\\)\u3001\\(2\\) \u8f6e\u5185\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u6c42\u548c\u4e3a \\(\\frac{(n - 1)(n + 2)}{2}\\) \u3002
    • \u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(1)\\)\u3001\u539f\u5730\u6392\u5e8f\uff1a\u6307\u9488 \\(i\\) \u548c \\(j\\) \u4f7f\u7528\u5e38\u6570\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u989d\u5916\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002
    • \u975e\u7a33\u5b9a\u6392\u5e8f\uff1a\u5982\u56fe 11-3 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5143\u7d20 nums[i] \u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u4e0e\u5176\u76f8\u7b49\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u53f3\u8fb9\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e24\u8005\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u987a\u5e8f\u53d1\u751f\u6539\u53d8\u3002

    \u56fe 11-3 \u00a0 \u9009\u62e9\u6392\u5e8f\u975e\u7a33\u5b9a\u793a\u4f8b

    "},{"location":"chapter_sorting/sorting_algorithm/","title":"11.1 \u00a0 \u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5","text":"

    \u300c\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5 sorting algorithm\u300d\u7528\u4e8e\u5bf9\u4e00\u7ec4\u6570\u636e\u6309\u7167\u7279\u5b9a\u987a\u5e8f\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5217\u3002\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u6709\u7740\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6709\u5e8f\u6570\u636e\u901a\u5e38\u80fd\u591f\u88ab\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548\u5730\u67e5\u627e\u3001\u5206\u6790\u548c\u5904\u7406\u3002

    \u5982\u56fe 11-1 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u6574\u6570\u3001\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570\u3001\u5b57\u7b26\u6216\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7b49\u3002\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u5224\u65ad\u89c4\u5219\u53ef\u6839\u636e\u9700\u6c42\u8bbe\u5b9a\uff0c\u5982\u6570\u5b57\u5927\u5c0f\u3001\u5b57\u7b26 ASCII \u7801\u987a\u5e8f\u6216\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u89c4\u5219\u3002

    \u56fe 11-1 \u00a0 \u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u5224\u65ad\u89c4\u5219\u793a\u4f8b

    "},{"location":"chapter_sorting/sorting_algorithm/#1111","title":"11.1.1 \u00a0 \u8bc4\u4ef7\u7ef4\u5ea6","text":"

    \u8fd0\u884c\u6548\u7387\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u671f\u671b\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5c3d\u91cf\u4f4e\uff0c\u4e14\u603b\u4f53\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u91cf\u8f83\u5c11\uff08\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e2d\u7684\u5e38\u6570\u9879\u53d8\u5c0f\uff09\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5927\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u8fd0\u884c\u6548\u7387\u663e\u5f97\u5c24\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u3002

    \u5c31\u5730\u6027\uff1a\u987e\u540d\u601d\u4e49\uff0c\u300c\u539f\u5730\u6392\u5e8f\u300d\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\u4e0a\u76f4\u63a5\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b9e\u73b0\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u65e0\u987b\u501f\u52a9\u989d\u5916\u7684\u8f85\u52a9\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u8282\u7701\u5185\u5b58\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u539f\u5730\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u6570\u636e\u642c\u8fd0\u64cd\u4f5c\u8f83\u5c11\uff0c\u8fd0\u884c\u901f\u5ea6\u4e5f\u66f4\u5feb\u3002

    \u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\uff1a\u300c\u7a33\u5b9a\u6392\u5e8f\u300d\u5728\u5b8c\u6210\u6392\u5e8f\u540e\uff0c\u76f8\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u987a\u5e8f\u4e0d\u53d1\u751f\u6539\u53d8\u3002

    \u7a33\u5b9a\u6392\u5e8f\u662f\u591a\u7ea7\u6392\u5e8f\u573a\u666f\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b58\u50a8\u5b66\u751f\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u8868\u683c\uff0c\u7b2c 1 \u5217\u548c\u7b2c 2 \u5217\u5206\u522b\u662f\u59d3\u540d\u548c\u5e74\u9f84\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u300c\u975e\u7a33\u5b9a\u6392\u5e8f\u300d\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6709\u5e8f\u6027\u4e27\u5931\uff1a

    # \u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u662f\u6309\u7167\u59d3\u540d\u6392\u5e8f\u597d\u7684\n# (name, age)\n  ('A', 19)\n  ('B', 18)\n  ('C', 21)\n  ('D', 19)\n  ('E', 23)\n\n# \u5047\u8bbe\u4f7f\u7528\u975e\u7a33\u5b9a\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u6309\u5e74\u9f84\u6392\u5e8f\u5217\u8868\uff0c\n# \u7ed3\u679c\u4e2d ('D', 19) \u548c ('A', 19) \u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u4f4d\u7f6e\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\n# \u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u6309\u59d3\u540d\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u4e22\u5931\n  ('B', 18)\n  ('D', 19)\n  ('A', 19)\n  ('C', 21)\n  ('E', 23)\n

    \u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u6027\uff1a\u300c\u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u6392\u5e8f\u300d\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4f1a\u53d7\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5373\u6700\u4f73\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u3001\u6700\u5dee\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u3001\u5e73\u5747\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5e76\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u7b49\u3002

    \u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u9700\u8981\u6839\u636e\u5177\u4f53\u60c5\u51b5\u6765\u8bc4\u4f30\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6700\u5dee\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5dee\u4e8e\u5e73\u5747\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u4e0b\u6027\u80fd\u53ef\u80fd\u52a3\u5316\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u8d1f\u9762\u5c5e\u6027\uff1b\u800c\u5982\u679c\u6700\u4f73\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4f18\u4e8e\u5e73\u5747\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff0c\u5219\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u6b63\u9762\u5c5e\u6027\u3002

    \u662f\u5426\u57fa\u4e8e\u6bd4\u8f83\uff1a\u300c\u57fa\u4e8e\u6bd4\u8f83\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u300d\u4f9d\u8d56\u6bd4\u8f83\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\uff08\\(<\\)\u3001\\(=\\)\u3001\\(>\\)\uff09\u6765\u5224\u65ad\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u987a\u5e8f\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6392\u5e8f\u6574\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u7406\u8bba\u6700\u4f18\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n \\log n)\\) \u3002\u800c\u300c\u975e\u6bd4\u8f83\u6392\u5e8f\u300d\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528\u6bd4\u8f83\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u53ef\u8fbe \\(O(n)\\) \uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u901a\u7528\u6027\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u5dee\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_sorting/sorting_algorithm/#1112","title":"11.1.2 \u00a0 \u7406\u60f3\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5","text":"

    \u8fd0\u884c\u5feb\u3001\u539f\u5730\u3001\u7a33\u5b9a\u3001\u6b63\u5411\u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u3001\u901a\u7528\u6027\u597d\u3002\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u8fc4\u4eca\u4e3a\u6b62\u5c1a\u672a\u53d1\u73b0\u517c\u5177\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6240\u6709\u7279\u6027\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u9009\u62e9\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6839\u636e\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7279\u70b9\u548c\u95ee\u9898\u9700\u6c42\u6765\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002

    \u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5171\u540c\u5b66\u4e60\u5404\u79cd\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e0a\u8ff0\u8bc4\u4ef7\u7ef4\u5ea6\u5bf9\u5404\u4e2a\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u4f18\u7f3a\u70b9\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u6790\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_sorting/summary/","title":"11.11 \u00a0 \u5c0f\u7ed3","text":""},{"location":"chapter_sorting/summary/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u91cd\u70b9\u56de\u987e","text":"
    • \u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\u901a\u8fc7\u4ea4\u6362\u76f8\u90bb\u5143\u7d20\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u6392\u5e8f\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u63d0\u524d\u8fd4\u56de\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4f18\u5316\u5230 \\(O(n)\\) \u3002
    • \u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f\u6bcf\u8f6e\u5c06\u672a\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u5185\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u63d2\u5165\u5230\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5b8c\u6210\u6392\u5e8f\u3002\u867d\u7136\u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n^2)\\) \uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u5355\u5143\u64cd\u4f5c\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u5c11\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u5c0f\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u4efb\u52a1\u4e2d\u975e\u5e38\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\u3002
    • \u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u57fa\u4e8e\u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b9e\u73b0\u6392\u5e8f\u3002\u5728\u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u6bcf\u6b21\u90fd\u9009\u53d6\u5230\u6700\u5dee\u7684\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u52a3\u5316\u81f3 \\(O(n^2)\\) \u3002\u5f15\u5165\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u6216\u968f\u673a\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u964d\u4f4e\u8fd9\u79cd\u52a3\u5316\u7684\u6982\u7387\u3002\u5c3e\u9012\u5f52\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u5730\u51cf\u5c11\u9012\u5f52\u6df1\u5ea6\uff0c\u5c06\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4f18\u5316\u5230 \\(O(\\log n)\\) \u3002
    • \u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f\u5305\u62ec\u5212\u5206\u548c\u5408\u5e76\u4e24\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u5178\u578b\u5730\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u5206\u6cbb\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u5728\u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f\u4e2d\uff0c\u6392\u5e8f\u6570\u7ec4\u9700\u8981\u521b\u5efa\u8f85\u52a9\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n)\\) \uff1b\u7136\u800c\u6392\u5e8f\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f18\u5316\u81f3 \\(O(1)\\) \u3002
    • \u6876\u6392\u5e8f\u5305\u542b\u4e09\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1a\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6876\u3001\u6876\u5185\u6392\u5e8f\u548c\u5408\u5e76\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u5b83\u540c\u6837\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u5206\u6cbb\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u4f53\u91cf\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u6876\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u5173\u952e\u5728\u4e8e\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u5e73\u5747\u5206\u914d\u3002
    • \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u662f\u6876\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u4f8b\uff0c\u5b83\u901a\u8fc7\u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u636e\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u6b21\u6570\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u6392\u5e8f\u3002\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u5927\u4f46\u6570\u636e\u8303\u56f4\u6709\u9650\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8981\u6c42\u6570\u636e\u80fd\u591f\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u6b63\u6574\u6570\u3002
    • \u57fa\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u901a\u8fc7\u9010\u4f4d\u6392\u5e8f\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u6570\u636e\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u6570\u636e\u80fd\u591f\u8868\u793a\u4e3a\u56fa\u5b9a\u4f4d\u6570\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u3002
    • \u603b\u7684\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u627e\u5230\u4e00\u79cd\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\u3001\u7a33\u5b9a\u3001\u539f\u5730\u4ee5\u53ca\u6b63\u5411\u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u7b49\u4f18\u70b9\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u5176\u4ed6\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u80fd\u591f\u540c\u65f6\u6ee1\u8db3\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u6839\u636e\u6570\u636e\u7684\u7279\u6027\u6765\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002
    • \u56fe 11-19 \u5bf9\u6bd4\u4e86\u4e3b\u6d41\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u6548\u7387\u3001\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3001\u5c31\u5730\u6027\u548c\u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u7b49\u3002

    \u56fe 11-19 \u00a0 \u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u5bf9\u6bd4

    "},{"location":"chapter_sorting/summary/#2-q-a","title":"2. \u00a0 Q & A","text":"

    \u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u5728\u4ec0\u4e48\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u662f\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\uff1f

    \u5728\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u57fa\u4e8e\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u67d0\u4e2a\u5c5e\u6027\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5b66\u751f\u6709\u59d3\u540d\u548c\u8eab\u9ad8\u4e24\u4e2a\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u591a\u7ea7\u6392\u5e8f\uff1a\u5148\u6309\u7167\u59d3\u540d\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u5f97\u5230 (A, 180) (B, 185) (C, 170) (D, 170) \uff1b\u518d\u5bf9\u8eab\u9ad8\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u80fd\u5f97\u5230 (D, 170) (C, 170) (A, 180) (B, 185) \u3002

    \u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5b66\u751f D \u548c C \u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u4ea4\u6362\uff0c\u59d3\u540d\u7684\u6709\u5e8f\u6027\u88ab\u7834\u574f\u4e86\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u5e0c\u671b\u770b\u5230\u7684\u3002

    \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u4e2d\u201c\u4ece\u53f3\u5f80\u5de6\u67e5\u627e\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u4ece\u5de6\u5f80\u53f3\u67e5\u627e\u201d\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ea4\u6362\u5417\uff1f

    \u4e0d\u884c\uff0c\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u4ee5\u6700\u5de6\u7aef\u5143\u7d20\u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5148\u201c\u4ece\u53f3\u5f80\u5de6\u67e5\u627e\u201d\u518d\u201c\u4ece\u5de6\u5f80\u53f3\u67e5\u627e\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ed3\u8bba\u6709\u4e9b\u53cd\u76f4\u89c9\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u5256\u6790\u4e00\u4e0b\u539f\u56e0\u3002

    \u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206 partition() \u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b65\u662f\u4ea4\u6362 nums[left] \u548c nums[i] \u3002\u5b8c\u6210\u4ea4\u6362\u540e\uff0c\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u5de6\u8fb9\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u90fd <= \u57fa\u51c6\u6570\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u8981\u6c42\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b65\u4ea4\u6362\u524d nums[left] >= nums[i] \u5fc5\u987b\u6210\u7acb\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u5148\u201c\u4ece\u5de6\u5f80\u53f3\u67e5\u627e\u201d\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5982\u679c\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u6bd4\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u5728 i == j \u65f6\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u53ef\u80fd nums[j] == nums[i] > nums[left]\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b65\u4ea4\u6362\u64cd\u4f5c\u4f1a\u628a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6bd4\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u81f3\u6570\u7ec4\u6700\u5de6\u7aef\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u5931\u8d25\u3002

    \u4e3e\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u7ed9\u5b9a\u6570\u7ec4 [0, 0, 0, 0, 1] \uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5148\u201c\u4ece\u5de6\u5411\u53f3\u67e5\u627e\u201d\uff0c\u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u540e\u6570\u7ec4\u4e3a [1, 0, 0, 0, 0] \uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u4e0d\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u3002

    \u518d\u6df1\u5165\u601d\u8003\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u9009\u62e9 nums[right] \u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6b63\u597d\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5148\u201c\u4ece\u5de6\u5f80\u53f3\u67e5\u627e\u201d\u3002

    \u5173\u4e8e\u5c3e\u9012\u5f52\u4f18\u5316\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u9009\u77ed\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u80fd\u4fdd\u8bc1\u9012\u5f52\u6df1\u5ea6\u4e0d\u8d85\u8fc7 \\(\\log n\\) \uff1f

    \u9012\u5f52\u6df1\u5ea6\u5c31\u662f\u5f53\u524d\u672a\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u9012\u5f52\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u3002\u6bcf\u8f6e\u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u3002\u5728\u5c3e\u9012\u5f52\u4f18\u5316\u540e\uff0c\u5411\u4e0b\u9012\u5f52\u7684\u5b50\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u6700\u5927\u4e3a\u539f\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u4e00\u534a\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u6700\u5dee\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u4e3a\u4e00\u534a\u957f\u5ea6\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6700\u7ec8\u7684\u9012\u5f52\u6df1\u5ea6\u5c31\u662f \\(\\log n\\) \u3002

    \u56de\u987e\u539f\u59cb\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u8fde\u7eed\u5730\u9012\u5f52\u957f\u5ea6\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u6700\u5dee\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4e3a \\(n\\)\u3001\\(n - 1\\)\u3001\\(\\dots\\)\u3001\\(2\\)\u3001\\(1\\) \uff0c\u9012\u5f52\u6df1\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(n\\) \u3002\u5c3e\u9012\u5f52\u4f18\u5316\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u51fa\u73b0\u3002

    \u5f53\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u76f8\u7b49\u65f6\uff0c\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u662f \\(O(n^2)\\) \u5417\uff1f\u8be5\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u8fd9\u79cd\u9000\u5316\u60c5\u51b5\uff1f

    \u662f\u7684\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8003\u8651\u901a\u8fc7\u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u5c0f\u4e8e\u3001\u7b49\u4e8e\u3001\u5927\u4e8e\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u3002\u4ec5\u5411\u4e0b\u9012\u5f52\u5c0f\u4e8e\u548c\u5927\u4e8e\u7684\u4e24\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u5728\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0b\uff0c\u8f93\u5165\u5143\u7d20\u5168\u90e8\u76f8\u7b49\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u4ec5\u4e00\u8f6e\u54e8\u5175\u5212\u5206\u5373\u53ef\u5b8c\u6210\u6392\u5e8f\u3002

    \u6876\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u6700\u5dee\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f \\(O(n^2)\\) \uff1f

    \u6700\u5dee\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u88ab\u5206\u81f3\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6876\u4e2d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u91c7\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a \\(O(n^2)\\) \u7b97\u6cd5\u6765\u6392\u5e8f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5219\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n^2)\\) \u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_stack_and_queue/","title":"\u7b2c 5 \u7ae0 \u00a0 \u6808\u4e0e\u961f\u5217","text":"

    Abstract

    \u6808\u5982\u540c\u53e0\u732b\u732b\uff0c\u800c\u961f\u5217\u5c31\u50cf\u732b\u732b\u6392\u961f\u3002

    \u4e24\u8005\u5206\u522b\u4ee3\u8868\u5148\u5165\u540e\u51fa\u548c\u5148\u5165\u5148\u51fa\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u5173\u7cfb\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_stack_and_queue/#_1","title":"\u672c\u7ae0\u5185\u5bb9","text":"
    • 5.1 \u00a0 \u6808
    • 5.2 \u00a0 \u961f\u5217
    • 5.3 \u00a0 \u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217
    • 5.4 \u00a0 \u5c0f\u7ed3
    "},{"location":"chapter_stack_and_queue/deque/","title":"5.3 \u00a0 \u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217","text":"

    \u5728\u961f\u5217\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4ec5\u80fd\u5220\u9664\u5934\u90e8\u5143\u7d20\u6216\u5728\u5c3e\u90e8\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u5982\u56fe 5-7 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u300c\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217 double-ended queue\u300d\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u5728\u5934\u90e8\u548c\u5c3e\u90e8\u6267\u884c\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6dfb\u52a0\u6216\u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002

    \u56fe 5-7 \u00a0 \u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c

    "},{"location":"chapter_stack_and_queue/deque/#531","title":"5.3.1 \u00a0 \u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5e38\u7528\u64cd\u4f5c","text":"

    \u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u5e38\u7528\u64cd\u4f5c\u5982\u8868 5-3 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u540d\u79f0\u9700\u8981\u6839\u636e\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u6765\u786e\u5b9a\u3002

    \u8868 5-3 \u00a0 \u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u64cd\u4f5c\u6548\u7387

    \u65b9\u6cd5\u540d \u63cf\u8ff0 \u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 pushFirst() \u5c06\u5143\u7d20\u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u9996 \\(O(1)\\) pushLast() \u5c06\u5143\u7d20\u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u5c3e \\(O(1)\\) popFirst() \u5220\u9664\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 \\(O(1)\\) popLast() \u5220\u9664\u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20 \\(O(1)\\) peekFirst() \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 \\(O(1)\\) peekLast() \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20 \\(O(1)\\)

    \u540c\u6837\u5730\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u5df2\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7c7b\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig deque.py
    from collections import deque\n\n# \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\ndeque: deque[int] = deque()\n\n# \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u961f\ndeque.append(2)      # \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u5c3e\ndeque.append(5)\ndeque.append(4)\ndeque.appendleft(3)  # \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u9996\ndeque.appendleft(1)\n\n# \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20\nfront: int = deque[0]  # \u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\nrear: int = deque[-1]  # \u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\n\n# \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f\npop_front: int = deque.popleft()  # \u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f\npop_rear: int = deque.pop()       # \u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f\n\n# \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\nsize: int = len(deque)\n\n# \u5224\u65ad\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a\nis_empty: bool = len(deque) == 0\n
    deque.cpp
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217 */\ndeque<int> deque;\n\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u961f */\ndeque.push_back(2);   // \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u5c3e\ndeque.push_back(5);\ndeque.push_back(4);\ndeque.push_front(3);  // \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u9996\ndeque.push_front(1);\n\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\nint front = deque.front(); // \u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\nint back = deque.back();   // \u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\n\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f */\ndeque.pop_front();  // \u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f\ndeque.pop_back();   // \u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nint size = deque.size();\n\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nbool empty = deque.empty();\n
    deque.java
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217 */\nDeque<Integer> deque = new LinkedList<>();\n\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u961f */\ndeque.offerLast(2);   // \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u5c3e\ndeque.offerLast(5);\ndeque.offerLast(4);\ndeque.offerFirst(3);  // \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u9996\ndeque.offerFirst(1);\n\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\nint peekFirst = deque.peekFirst();  // \u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\nint peekLast = deque.peekLast();    // \u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\n\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f */\nint popFirst = deque.pollFirst();  // \u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f\nint popLast = deque.pollLast();    // \u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nint size = deque.size();\n\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nboolean isEmpty = deque.isEmpty();\n
    deque.cs
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217 */\n// \u5728 C# \u4e2d\uff0c\u5c06\u94fe\u8868 LinkedList \u770b\u4f5c\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u6765\u4f7f\u7528\nLinkedList<int> deque = new();\n\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u961f */\ndeque.AddLast(2);   // \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u5c3e\ndeque.AddLast(5);\ndeque.AddLast(4);\ndeque.AddFirst(3);  // \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u9996\ndeque.AddFirst(1);\n\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\nint peekFirst = deque.First.Value;  // \u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\nint peekLast = deque.Last.Value;    // \u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\n\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f */\ndeque.RemoveFirst();  // \u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f\ndeque.RemoveLast();   // \u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nint size = deque.Count;\n\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nbool isEmpty = deque.Count == 0;\n
    deque_test.go
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217 */\n// \u5728 Go \u4e2d\uff0c\u5c06 list \u4f5c\u4e3a\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u4f7f\u7528\ndeque := list.New()\n\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u961f */\ndeque.PushBack(2)      // \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u5c3e\ndeque.PushBack(5)\ndeque.PushBack(4)\ndeque.PushFront(3)     // \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u9996\ndeque.PushFront(1)\n\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\nfront := deque.Front() // \u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\nrear := deque.Back()   // \u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\n\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f */\ndeque.Remove(front)    // \u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f\ndeque.Remove(rear)     // \u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nsize := deque.Len()\n\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nisEmpty := deque.Len() == 0\n
    deque.swift
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217 */\n// Swift \u6ca1\u6709\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7c7b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a Array \u5f53\u4f5c\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u6765\u4f7f\u7528\nvar deque: [Int] = []\n\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u961f */\ndeque.append(2) // \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u5c3e\ndeque.append(5)\ndeque.append(4)\ndeque.insert(3, at: 0) // \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u9996\ndeque.insert(1, at: 0)\n\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\nlet peekFirst = deque.first! // \u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\nlet peekLast = deque.last! // \u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\n\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f */\n// \u4f7f\u7528 Array \u6a21\u62df\u65f6 popFirst \u7684\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a O(n)\nlet popFirst = deque.removeFirst() // \u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f\nlet popLast = deque.removeLast() // \u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nlet size = deque.count\n\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nlet isEmpty = deque.isEmpty\n
    deque.js
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217 */\n// JavaScript \u6ca1\u6709\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u53cc\u7aef\u961f\u5217\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u628a Array \u5f53\u4f5c\u53cc\u7aef\u961f\u5217\u6765\u4f7f\u7528\nconst deque = [];\n\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u961f */\ndeque.push(2);\ndeque.push(5);\ndeque.push(4);\n// \u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u662f\u6570\u7ec4\uff0cunshift() \u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a O(n)\ndeque.unshift(3);\ndeque.unshift(1);\nconsole.log(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217 deque = \", deque);\n\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\nconst peekFirst = deque[0];\nconsole.log(\"\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 peekFirst = \" + peekFirst);\nconst peekLast = deque[deque.length - 1];\nconsole.log(\"\u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20 peekLast = \" + peekLast);\n\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f */\n// \u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u662f\u6570\u7ec4\uff0cshift() \u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a O(n)\nconst popFront = deque.shift();\nconsole.log(\"\u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f\u5143\u7d20 popFront = \" + popFront + \"\uff0c\u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f\u540e deque = \" + deque);\nconst popBack = deque.pop();\nconsole.log(\"\u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f\u5143\u7d20 popBack = \" + popBack + \"\uff0c\u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f\u540e deque = \" + deque);\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nconst size = deque.length;\nconsole.log(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6 size = \" + size);\n\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nconst isEmpty = size === 0;\nconsole.log(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a = \" + isEmpty);\n
    deque.ts
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217 */\n// TypeScript \u6ca1\u6709\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u53cc\u7aef\u961f\u5217\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u628a Array \u5f53\u4f5c\u53cc\u7aef\u961f\u5217\u6765\u4f7f\u7528\nconst deque: number[] = [];\n\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u961f */\ndeque.push(2);\ndeque.push(5);\ndeque.push(4);\n// \u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u662f\u6570\u7ec4\uff0cunshift() \u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a O(n)\ndeque.unshift(3);\ndeque.unshift(1);\nconsole.log(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217 deque = \", deque);\n\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\nconst peekFirst: number = deque[0];\nconsole.log(\"\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 peekFirst = \" + peekFirst);\nconst peekLast: number = deque[deque.length - 1];\nconsole.log(\"\u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20 peekLast = \" + peekLast);\n\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f */\n// \u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u662f\u6570\u7ec4\uff0cshift() \u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a O(n)\nconst popFront: number = deque.shift() as number;\nconsole.log(\"\u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f\u5143\u7d20 popFront = \" + popFront + \"\uff0c\u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f\u540e deque = \" + deque);\nconst popBack: number = deque.pop() as number;\nconsole.log(\"\u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f\u5143\u7d20 popBack = \" + popBack + \"\uff0c\u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f\u540e deque = \" + deque);\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nconst size: number = deque.length;\nconsole.log(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6 size = \" + size);\n\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nconst isEmpty: boolean = size === 0;\nconsole.log(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a = \" + isEmpty);\n
    deque.dart
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217 */\n// \u5728 Dart \u4e2d\uff0cQueue \u88ab\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\nQueue<int> deque = Queue<int>();\n\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u961f */\ndeque.addLast(2);  // \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u5c3e\ndeque.addLast(5);\ndeque.addLast(4);\ndeque.addFirst(3); // \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u9996\ndeque.addFirst(1);\n\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\nint peekFirst = deque.first; // \u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\nint peekLast = deque.last;   // \u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\n\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f */\nint popFirst = deque.removeFirst(); // \u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f\nint popLast = deque.removeLast();   // \u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nint size = deque.length;\n\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nbool isEmpty = deque.isEmpty;W\n
    deque.rs
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217 */\nlet mut deque: VecDeque<u32> = VecDeque::new();\n\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u961f */\ndeque.push_back(2);  // \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u5c3e\ndeque.push_back(5);\ndeque.push_back(4);\ndeque.push_front(3); // \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u9996\ndeque.push_front(1);\n\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20 */\nif let Some(front) = deque.front() { // \u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\n}\nif let Some(rear) = deque.back() {   // \u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\n}\n\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f */\nif let Some(pop_front) = deque.pop_front() { // \u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f\n}\nif let Some(pop_rear) = deque.pop_back() {   // \u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f\n}\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nlet size = deque.len();\n\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nlet is_empty = deque.is_empty();\n
    deque.c
    // C \u672a\u63d0\u4f9b\u5185\u7f6e\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\n
    deque.zig
    \n
    "},{"location":"chapter_stack_and_queue/deque/#532","title":"5.3.2 \u00a0 \u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5b9e\u73b0 *","text":"

    \u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e0e\u961f\u5217\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u94fe\u8868\u6216\u6570\u7ec4\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5e95\u5c42\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_stack_and_queue/deque/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u57fa\u4e8e\u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0","text":"

    \u56de\u987e\u4e0a\u4e00\u8282\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u666e\u901a\u5355\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u961f\u5217\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u5220\u9664\u5934\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u5bf9\u5e94\u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\uff09\u548c\u5728\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u6dfb\u52a0\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u5bf9\u5e94\u5165\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\uff09\u3002

    \u5bf9\u4e8e\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5934\u90e8\u548c\u5c3e\u90e8\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u6267\u884c\u5165\u961f\u548c\u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u9700\u8981\u5b9e\u73b0\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u79f0\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u91c7\u7528\u201c\u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u201d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u5e95\u5c42\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u3002

    \u5982\u56fe 5-8 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u5934\u8282\u70b9\u548c\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u89c6\u4e3a\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u961f\u9996\u548c\u961f\u5c3e\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5b9e\u73b0\u5728\u4e24\u7aef\u6dfb\u52a0\u548c\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002

    LinkedListDequepushLast()pushFirst()popLast()popFirst()

    \u56fe 5-8 \u00a0 \u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u5165\u961f\u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c

    \u5b9e\u73b0\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig linkedlist_deque.py
    class ListNode:\n    \"\"\"\u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9\"\"\"\n\n    def __init__(self, val: int):\n        \"\"\"\u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5\"\"\"\n        self.val: int = val\n        self.next: ListNode | None = None  # \u540e\u7ee7\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528\n        self.prev: ListNode | None = None  # \u524d\u9a71\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528\n\nclass LinkedListDeque:\n    \"\"\"\u57fa\u4e8e\u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\"\"\"\n\n    def __init__(self):\n        \"\"\"\u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5\"\"\"\n        self._front: ListNode | None = None  # \u5934\u8282\u70b9 front\n        self._rear: ListNode | None = None  # \u5c3e\u8282\u70b9 rear\n        self._size: int = 0  # \u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\n\n    def size(self) -> int:\n        \"\"\"\u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\"\"\"\n        return self._size\n\n    def is_empty(self) -> bool:\n        \"\"\"\u5224\u65ad\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a\"\"\"\n        return self.size() == 0\n\n    def push(self, num: int, is_front: bool):\n        \"\"\"\u5165\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\"\"\"\n        node = ListNode(num)\n        # \u82e5\u94fe\u8868\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u4ee4 front \u548c rear \u90fd\u6307\u5411 node\n        if self.is_empty():\n            self._front = self._rear = node\n        # \u961f\u9996\u5165\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\n        elif is_front:\n            # \u5c06 node \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u94fe\u8868\u5934\u90e8\n            self._front.prev = node\n            node.next = self._front\n            self._front = node  # \u66f4\u65b0\u5934\u8282\u70b9\n        # \u961f\u5c3e\u5165\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\n        else:\n            # \u5c06 node \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u94fe\u8868\u5c3e\u90e8\n            self._rear.next = node\n            node.prev = self._rear\n            self._rear = node  # \u66f4\u65b0\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\n        self._size += 1  # \u66f4\u65b0\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\n\n    def push_first(self, num: int):\n        \"\"\"\u961f\u9996\u5165\u961f\"\"\"\n        self.push(num, True)\n\n    def push_last(self, num: int):\n        \"\"\"\u961f\u5c3e\u5165\u961f\"\"\"\n        self.push(num, False)\n\n    def pop(self, is_front: bool) -> int:\n        \"\"\"\u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\"\"\"\n        if self.is_empty():\n            raise IndexError(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\")\n        # \u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\n        if is_front:\n            val: int = self._front.val  # \u6682\u5b58\u5934\u8282\u70b9\u503c\n            # \u5220\u9664\u5934\u8282\u70b9\n            fnext: ListNode | None = self._front.next\n            if fnext != None:\n                fnext.prev = None\n                self._front.next = None\n            self._front = fnext  # \u66f4\u65b0\u5934\u8282\u70b9\n        # \u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\n        else:\n            val: int = self._rear.val  # \u6682\u5b58\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u503c\n            # \u5220\u9664\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\n            rprev: ListNode | None = self._rear.prev\n            if rprev != None:\n                rprev.next = None\n                self._rear.prev = None\n            self._rear = rprev  # \u66f4\u65b0\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\n        self._size -= 1  # \u66f4\u65b0\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\n        return val\n\n    def pop_first(self) -> int:\n        \"\"\"\u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f\"\"\"\n        return self.pop(True)\n\n    def pop_last(self) -> int:\n        \"\"\"\u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f\"\"\"\n        return self.pop(False)\n\n    def peek_first(self) -> int:\n        \"\"\"\u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\"\"\"\n        if self.is_empty():\n            raise IndexError(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\")\n        return self._front.val\n\n    def peek_last(self) -> int:\n        \"\"\"\u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\"\"\"\n        if self.is_empty():\n            raise IndexError(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\")\n        return self._rear.val\n\n    def to_array(self) -> list[int]:\n        \"\"\"\u8fd4\u56de\u6570\u7ec4\u7528\u4e8e\u6253\u5370\"\"\"\n        node = self._front\n        res = [0] * self.size()\n        for i in range(self.size()):\n            res[i] = node.val\n            node = node.next\n        return res\n
    linkedlist_deque.cpp
    /* \u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9 */\nstruct DoublyListNode {\n    int val;              // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\n    DoublyListNode *next; // \u540e\u7ee7\u8282\u70b9\u6307\u9488\n    DoublyListNode *prev; // \u524d\u9a71\u8282\u70b9\u6307\u9488\n    DoublyListNode(int val) : val(val), prev(nullptr), next(nullptr) {\n    }\n};\n\n/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217 */\nclass LinkedListDeque {\n  private:\n    DoublyListNode *front, *rear; // \u5934\u8282\u70b9 front \uff0c\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9 rear\n    int queSize = 0;              // \u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\n\n  public:\n    /* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\n    LinkedListDeque() : front(nullptr), rear(nullptr) {\n    }\n\n    /* \u6790\u6784\u65b9\u6cd5 */\n    ~LinkedListDeque() {\n        // \u904d\u5386\u94fe\u8868\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\n        DoublyListNode *pre, *cur = front;\n        while (cur != nullptr) {\n            pre = cur;\n            cur = cur->next;\n            delete pre;\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\n    int size() {\n        return queSize;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5224\u65ad\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\n    bool isEmpty() {\n        return size() == 0;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5165\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    void push(int num, bool isFront) {\n        DoublyListNode *node = new DoublyListNode(num);\n        // \u82e5\u94fe\u8868\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u4ee4 front \u548c rear \u90fd\u6307\u5411 node\n        if (isEmpty())\n            front = rear = node;\n        // \u961f\u9996\u5165\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\n        else if (isFront) {\n            // \u5c06 node \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u94fe\u8868\u5934\u90e8\n            front->prev = node;\n            node->next = front;\n            front = node; // \u66f4\u65b0\u5934\u8282\u70b9\n        // \u961f\u5c3e\u5165\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\n        } else {\n            // \u5c06 node \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u94fe\u8868\u5c3e\u90e8\n            rear->next = node;\n            node->prev = rear;\n            rear = node; // \u66f4\u65b0\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\n        }\n        queSize++; // \u66f4\u65b0\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\n    }\n\n    /* \u961f\u9996\u5165\u961f */\n    void pushFirst(int num) {\n        push(num, true);\n    }\n\n    /* \u961f\u5c3e\u5165\u961f */\n    void pushLast(int num) {\n        push(num, false);\n    }\n\n    /* \u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    int pop(bool isFront) {\n        if (isEmpty())\n            throw out_of_range(\"\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\");\n        int val;\n        // \u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\n        if (isFront) {\n            val = front->val; // \u6682\u5b58\u5934\u8282\u70b9\u503c\n            // \u5220\u9664\u5934\u8282\u70b9\n            DoublyListNode *fNext = front->next;\n            if (fNext != nullptr) {\n                fNext->prev = nullptr;\n                front->next = nullptr;\n                delete front;\n            }\n            front = fNext; // \u66f4\u65b0\u5934\u8282\u70b9\n        // \u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\n        } else {\n            val = rear->val; // \u6682\u5b58\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u503c\n            // \u5220\u9664\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\n            DoublyListNode *rPrev = rear->prev;\n            if (rPrev != nullptr) {\n                rPrev->next = nullptr;\n                rear->prev = nullptr;\n                delete rear;\n            }\n            rear = rPrev; // \u66f4\u65b0\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\n        }\n        queSize--; // \u66f4\u65b0\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\n        return val;\n    }\n\n    /* \u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f */\n    int popFirst() {\n        return pop(true);\n    }\n\n    /* \u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f */\n    int popLast() {\n        return pop(false);\n    }\n\n    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\n    int peekFirst() {\n        if (isEmpty())\n            throw out_of_range(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\");\n        return front->val;\n    }\n\n    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20 */\n    int peekLast() {\n        if (isEmpty())\n            throw out_of_range(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\");\n        return rear->val;\n    }\n\n    /* \u8fd4\u56de\u6570\u7ec4\u7528\u4e8e\u6253\u5370 */\n    vector<int> toVector() {\n        DoublyListNode *node = front;\n        vector<int> res(size());\n        for (int i = 0; i < res.size(); i++) {\n            res[i] = node->val;\n            node = node->next;\n        }\n        return res;\n    }\n};\n
    linkedlist_deque.java
    /* \u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9 */\nclass ListNode {\n    int val; // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\n    ListNode next; // \u540e\u7ee7\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528\n    ListNode prev; // \u524d\u9a71\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528\n\n    ListNode(int val) {\n        this.val = val;\n        prev = next = null;\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217 */\nclass LinkedListDeque {\n    private ListNode front, rear; // \u5934\u8282\u70b9 front \uff0c\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9 rear\n    private int queSize = 0; // \u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\n\n    public LinkedListDeque() {\n        front = rear = null;\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\n    public int size() {\n        return queSize;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5224\u65ad\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\n    public boolean isEmpty() {\n        return size() == 0;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5165\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    private void push(int num, boolean isFront) {\n        ListNode node = new ListNode(num);\n        // \u82e5\u94fe\u8868\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u4ee4 front \u548c rear \u90fd\u6307\u5411 node\n        if (isEmpty())\n            front = rear = node;\n        // \u961f\u9996\u5165\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\n        else if (isFront) {\n            // \u5c06 node \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u94fe\u8868\u5934\u90e8\n            front.prev = node;\n            node.next = front;\n            front = node; // \u66f4\u65b0\u5934\u8282\u70b9\n        // \u961f\u5c3e\u5165\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\n        } else {\n            // \u5c06 node \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u94fe\u8868\u5c3e\u90e8\n            rear.next = node;\n            node.prev = rear;\n            rear = node; // \u66f4\u65b0\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\n        }\n        queSize++; // \u66f4\u65b0\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\n    }\n\n    /* \u961f\u9996\u5165\u961f */\n    public void pushFirst(int num) {\n        push(num, true);\n    }\n\n    /* \u961f\u5c3e\u5165\u961f */\n    public void pushLast(int num) {\n        push(num, false);\n    }\n\n    /* \u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    private int pop(boolean isFront) {\n        if (isEmpty())\n            throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();\n        int val;\n        // \u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\n        if (isFront) {\n            val = front.val; // \u6682\u5b58\u5934\u8282\u70b9\u503c\n            // \u5220\u9664\u5934\u8282\u70b9\n            ListNode fNext = front.next;\n            if (fNext != null) {\n                fNext.prev = null;\n                front.next = null;\n            }\n            front = fNext; // \u66f4\u65b0\u5934\u8282\u70b9\n        // \u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\n        } else {\n            val = rear.val; // \u6682\u5b58\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u503c\n            // \u5220\u9664\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\n            ListNode rPrev = rear.prev;\n            if (rPrev != null) {\n                rPrev.next = null;\n                rear.prev = null;\n            }\n            rear = rPrev; // \u66f4\u65b0\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\n        }\n        queSize--; // \u66f4\u65b0\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\n        return val;\n    }\n\n    /* \u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f */\n    public int popFirst() {\n        return pop(true);\n    }\n\n    /* \u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f */\n    public int popLast() {\n        return pop(false);\n    }\n\n    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\n    public int peekFirst() {\n        if (isEmpty())\n            throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();\n        return front.val;\n    }\n\n    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20 */\n    public int peekLast() {\n        if (isEmpty())\n            throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();\n        return rear.val;\n    }\n\n    /* \u8fd4\u56de\u6570\u7ec4\u7528\u4e8e\u6253\u5370 */\n    public int[] toArray() {\n        ListNode node = front;\n        int[] res = new int[size()];\n        for (int i = 0; i < res.length; i++) {\n            res[i] = node.val;\n            node = node.next;\n        }\n        return res;\n    }\n}\n
    linkedlist_deque.cs
    /* \u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9 */\nclass ListNode(int val) {\n    public int val = val;       // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\n    public ListNode? next = null; // \u540e\u7ee7\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528\n    public ListNode? prev = null; // \u524d\u9a71\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528\n}\n\n/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217 */\nclass LinkedListDeque {\n    ListNode? front, rear; // \u5934\u8282\u70b9 front, \u5c3e\u8282\u70b9 rear\n    int queSize = 0;      // \u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\n\n    public LinkedListDeque() {\n        front = null;\n        rear = null;\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\n    public int Size() {\n        return queSize;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5224\u65ad\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\n    public bool IsEmpty() {\n        return Size() == 0;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5165\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    void Push(int num, bool isFront) {\n        ListNode node = new(num);\n        // \u82e5\u94fe\u8868\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u4ee4 front \u548c rear \u90fd\u6307\u5411 node\n        if (IsEmpty()) {\n            front = node;\n            rear = node;\n        }\n        // \u961f\u9996\u5165\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\n        else if (isFront) {\n            // \u5c06 node \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u94fe\u8868\u5934\u90e8\n            front!.prev = node;\n            node.next = front;\n            front = node; // \u66f4\u65b0\u5934\u8282\u70b9                           \n        }\n        // \u961f\u5c3e\u5165\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\n        else {\n            // \u5c06 node \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u94fe\u8868\u5c3e\u90e8\n            rear!.next = node;\n            node.prev = rear;\n            rear = node;  // \u66f4\u65b0\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\n        }\n\n        queSize++; // \u66f4\u65b0\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\n    }\n\n    /* \u961f\u9996\u5165\u961f */\n    public void PushFirst(int num) {\n        Push(num, true);\n    }\n\n    /* \u961f\u5c3e\u5165\u961f */\n    public void PushLast(int num) {\n        Push(num, false);\n    }\n\n    /* \u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    int? Pop(bool isFront) {\n        if (IsEmpty())\n            throw new Exception();\n        int? val;\n        // \u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\n        if (isFront) {\n            val = front?.val; // \u6682\u5b58\u5934\u8282\u70b9\u503c\n            // \u5220\u9664\u5934\u8282\u70b9\n            ListNode? fNext = front?.next;\n            if (fNext != null) {\n                fNext.prev = null;\n                front!.next = null;\n            }\n            front = fNext;   // \u66f4\u65b0\u5934\u8282\u70b9\n        }\n        // \u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\n        else {\n            val = rear?.val;  // \u6682\u5b58\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u503c\n            // \u5220\u9664\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\n            ListNode? rPrev = rear?.prev;\n            if (rPrev != null) {\n                rPrev.next = null;\n                rear!.prev = null;\n            }\n            rear = rPrev;    // \u66f4\u65b0\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\n        }\n\n        queSize--; // \u66f4\u65b0\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\n        return val;\n    }\n\n    /* \u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f */\n    public int? PopFirst() {\n        return Pop(true);\n    }\n\n    /* \u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f */\n    public int? PopLast() {\n        return Pop(false);\n    }\n\n    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\n    public int? PeekFirst() {\n        if (IsEmpty())\n            throw new Exception();\n        return front?.val;\n    }\n\n    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20 */\n    public int? PeekLast() {\n        if (IsEmpty())\n            throw new Exception();\n        return rear?.val;\n    }\n\n    /* \u8fd4\u56de\u6570\u7ec4\u7528\u4e8e\u6253\u5370 */\n    public int?[] ToArray() {\n        ListNode? node = front;\n        int?[] res = new int?[Size()];\n        for (int i = 0; i < res.Length; i++) {\n            res[i] = node?.val;\n            node = node?.next;\n        }\n\n        return res;\n    }\n}\n
    linkedlist_deque.go
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217 */\ntype linkedListDeque struct {\n    // \u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u7f6e\u5305 list\n    data *list.List\n}\n\n/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u7aef\u961f\u5217 */\nfunc newLinkedListDeque() *linkedListDeque {\n    return &linkedListDeque{\n        data: list.New(),\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u5165\u961f */\nfunc (s *linkedListDeque) pushFirst(value any) {\n    s.data.PushFront(value)\n}\n\n/* \u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\u5165\u961f */\nfunc (s *linkedListDeque) pushLast(value any) {\n    s.data.PushBack(value)\n}\n\n/* \u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f */\nfunc (s *linkedListDeque) popFirst() any {\n    if s.isEmpty() {\n        return nil\n    }\n    e := s.data.Front()\n    s.data.Remove(e)\n    return e.Value\n}\n\n/* \u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f */\nfunc (s *linkedListDeque) popLast() any {\n    if s.isEmpty() {\n        return nil\n    }\n    e := s.data.Back()\n    s.data.Remove(e)\n    return e.Value\n}\n\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunc (s *linkedListDeque) peekFirst() any {\n    if s.isEmpty() {\n        return nil\n    }\n    e := s.data.Front()\n    return e.Value\n}\n\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunc (s *linkedListDeque) peekLast() any {\n    if s.isEmpty() {\n        return nil\n    }\n    e := s.data.Back()\n    return e.Value\n}\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nfunc (s *linkedListDeque) size() int {\n    return s.data.Len()\n}\n\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nfunc (s *linkedListDeque) isEmpty() bool {\n    return s.data.Len() == 0\n}\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6 List \u7528\u4e8e\u6253\u5370 */\nfunc (s *linkedListDeque) toList() *list.List {\n    return s.data\n}\n
    linkedlist_deque.swift
    /* \u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9 */\nclass ListNode {\n    var val: Int // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\n    var next: ListNode? // \u540e\u7ee7\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528\n    weak var prev: ListNode? // \u524d\u9a71\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528\n\n    init(val: Int) {\n        self.val = val\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217 */\nclass LinkedListDeque {\n    private var front: ListNode? // \u5934\u8282\u70b9 front\n    private var rear: ListNode? // \u5c3e\u8282\u70b9 rear\n    private var queSize: Int // \u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\n\n    init() {\n        queSize = 0\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\n    func size() -> Int {\n        queSize\n    }\n\n    /* \u5224\u65ad\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\n    func isEmpty() -> Bool {\n        size() == 0\n    }\n\n    /* \u5165\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    private func push(num: Int, isFront: Bool) {\n        let node = ListNode(val: num)\n        // \u82e5\u94fe\u8868\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u4ee4 front \u548c rear \u90fd\u6307\u5411 node\n        if isEmpty() {\n            front = node\n            rear = node\n        }\n        // \u961f\u9996\u5165\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\n        else if isFront {\n            // \u5c06 node \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u94fe\u8868\u5934\u90e8\n            front?.prev = node\n            node.next = front\n            front = node // \u66f4\u65b0\u5934\u8282\u70b9\n        }\n        // \u961f\u5c3e\u5165\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\n        else {\n            // \u5c06 node \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u94fe\u8868\u5c3e\u90e8\n            rear?.next = node\n            node.prev = rear\n            rear = node // \u66f4\u65b0\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\n        }\n        queSize += 1 // \u66f4\u65b0\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\n    }\n\n    /* \u961f\u9996\u5165\u961f */\n    func pushFirst(num: Int) {\n        push(num: num, isFront: true)\n    }\n\n    /* \u961f\u5c3e\u5165\u961f */\n    func pushLast(num: Int) {\n        push(num: num, isFront: false)\n    }\n\n    /* \u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    private func pop(isFront: Bool) -> Int {\n        if isEmpty() {\n            fatalError(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\")\n        }\n        let val: Int\n        // \u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\n        if isFront {\n            val = front!.val // \u6682\u5b58\u5934\u8282\u70b9\u503c\n            // \u5220\u9664\u5934\u8282\u70b9\n            let fNext = front?.next\n            if fNext != nil {\n                fNext?.prev = nil\n                front?.next = nil\n            }\n            front = fNext // \u66f4\u65b0\u5934\u8282\u70b9\n        }\n        // \u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\n        else {\n            val = rear!.val // \u6682\u5b58\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u503c\n            // \u5220\u9664\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\n            let rPrev = rear?.prev\n            if rPrev != nil {\n                rPrev?.next = nil\n                rear?.prev = nil\n            }\n            rear = rPrev // \u66f4\u65b0\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\n        }\n        queSize -= 1 // \u66f4\u65b0\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\n        return val\n    }\n\n    /* \u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f */\n    func popFirst() -> Int {\n        pop(isFront: true)\n    }\n\n    /* \u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f */\n    func popLast() -> Int {\n        pop(isFront: false)\n    }\n\n    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\n    func peekFirst() -> Int? {\n        isEmpty() ? nil : front?.val\n    }\n\n    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20 */\n    func peekLast() -> Int? {\n        isEmpty() ? nil : rear?.val\n    }\n\n    /* \u8fd4\u56de\u6570\u7ec4\u7528\u4e8e\u6253\u5370 */\n    func toArray() -> [Int] {\n        var node = front\n        var res = Array(repeating: 0, count: size())\n        for i in res.indices {\n            res[i] = node!.val\n            node = node?.next\n        }\n        return res\n    }\n}\n
    linkedlist_deque.js
    /* \u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9 */\nclass ListNode {\n    prev; // \u524d\u9a71\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528 (\u6307\u9488)\n    next; // \u540e\u7ee7\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528 (\u6307\u9488)\n    val; // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\n\n    constructor(val) {\n        this.val = val;\n        this.next = null;\n        this.prev = null;\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217 */\nclass LinkedListDeque {\n    #front; // \u5934\u8282\u70b9 front\n    #rear; // \u5c3e\u8282\u70b9 rear\n    #queSize; // \u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\n\n    constructor() {\n        this.#front = null;\n        this.#rear = null;\n        this.#queSize = 0;\n    }\n\n    /* \u961f\u5c3e\u5165\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    pushLast(val) {\n        const node = new ListNode(val);\n        // \u82e5\u94fe\u8868\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u4ee4 front \u548c rear \u90fd\u6307\u5411 node\n        if (this.#queSize === 0) {\n            this.#front = node;\n            this.#rear = node;\n        } else {\n            // \u5c06 node \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u94fe\u8868\u5c3e\u90e8\n            this.#rear.next = node;\n            node.prev = this.#rear;\n            this.#rear = node; // \u66f4\u65b0\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\n        }\n        this.#queSize++;\n    }\n\n    /* \u961f\u9996\u5165\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    pushFirst(val) {\n        const node = new ListNode(val);\n        // \u82e5\u94fe\u8868\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u4ee4 front \u548c rear \u90fd\u6307\u5411 node\n        if (this.#queSize === 0) {\n            this.#front = node;\n            this.#rear = node;\n        } else {\n            // \u5c06 node \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u94fe\u8868\u5934\u90e8\n            this.#front.prev = node;\n            node.next = this.#front;\n            this.#front = node; // \u66f4\u65b0\u5934\u8282\u70b9\n        }\n        this.#queSize++;\n    }\n\n    /* \u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    popLast() {\n        if (this.#queSize === 0) {\n            return null;\n        }\n        const value = this.#rear.val; // \u5b58\u50a8\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u503c\n        // \u5220\u9664\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\n        let temp = this.#rear.prev;\n        if (temp !== null) {\n            temp.next = null;\n            this.#rear.prev = null;\n        }\n        this.#rear = temp; // \u66f4\u65b0\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\n        this.#queSize--;\n        return value;\n    }\n\n    /* \u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    popFirst() {\n        if (this.#queSize === 0) {\n            return null;\n        }\n        const value = this.#front.val; // \u5b58\u50a8\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u503c\n        // \u5220\u9664\u5934\u8282\u70b9\n        let temp = this.#front.next;\n        if (temp !== null) {\n            temp.prev = null;\n            this.#front.next = null;\n        }\n        this.#front = temp; // \u66f4\u65b0\u5934\u8282\u70b9\n        this.#queSize--;\n        return value;\n    }\n\n    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20 */\n    peekLast() {\n        return this.#queSize === 0 ? null : this.#rear.val;\n    }\n\n    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\n    peekFirst() {\n        return this.#queSize === 0 ? null : this.#front.val;\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\n    size() {\n        return this.#queSize;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5224\u65ad\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\n    isEmpty() {\n        return this.#queSize === 0;\n    }\n\n    /* \u6253\u5370\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217 */\n    print() {\n        const arr = [];\n        let temp = this.#front;\n        while (temp !== null) {\n            arr.push(temp.val);\n            temp = temp.next;\n        }\n        console.log('[' + arr.join(', ') + ']');\n    }\n}\n
    linkedlist_deque.ts
    /* \u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9 */\nclass ListNode {\n    prev: ListNode; // \u524d\u9a71\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528 (\u6307\u9488)\n    next: ListNode; // \u540e\u7ee7\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528 (\u6307\u9488)\n    val: number; // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\n\n    constructor(val: number) {\n        this.val = val;\n        this.next = null;\n        this.prev = null;\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217 */\nclass LinkedListDeque {\n    private front: ListNode; // \u5934\u8282\u70b9 front\n    private rear: ListNode; // \u5c3e\u8282\u70b9 rear\n    private queSize: number; // \u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\n\n    constructor() {\n        this.front = null;\n        this.rear = null;\n        this.queSize = 0;\n    }\n\n    /* \u961f\u5c3e\u5165\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    pushLast(val: number): void {\n        const node: ListNode = new ListNode(val);\n        // \u82e5\u94fe\u8868\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u4ee4 front \u548c rear \u90fd\u6307\u5411 node\n        if (this.queSize === 0) {\n            this.front = node;\n            this.rear = node;\n        } else {\n            // \u5c06 node \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u94fe\u8868\u5c3e\u90e8\n            this.rear.next = node;\n            node.prev = this.rear;\n            this.rear = node; // \u66f4\u65b0\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\n        }\n        this.queSize++;\n    }\n\n    /* \u961f\u9996\u5165\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    pushFirst(val: number): void {\n        const node: ListNode = new ListNode(val);\n        // \u82e5\u94fe\u8868\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u4ee4 front \u548c rear \u90fd\u6307\u5411 node\n        if (this.queSize === 0) {\n            this.front = node;\n            this.rear = node;\n        } else {\n            // \u5c06 node \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u94fe\u8868\u5934\u90e8\n            this.front.prev = node;\n            node.next = this.front;\n            this.front = node; // \u66f4\u65b0\u5934\u8282\u70b9\n        }\n        this.queSize++;\n    }\n\n    /* \u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    popLast(): number {\n        if (this.queSize === 0) {\n            return null;\n        }\n        const value: number = this.rear.val; // \u5b58\u50a8\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u503c\n        // \u5220\u9664\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\n        let temp: ListNode = this.rear.prev;\n        if (temp !== null) {\n            temp.next = null;\n            this.rear.prev = null;\n        }\n        this.rear = temp; // \u66f4\u65b0\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\n        this.queSize--;\n        return value;\n    }\n\n    /* \u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    popFirst(): number {\n        if (this.queSize === 0) {\n            return null;\n        }\n        const value: number = this.front.val; // \u5b58\u50a8\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u503c\n        // \u5220\u9664\u5934\u8282\u70b9\n        let temp: ListNode = this.front.next;\n        if (temp !== null) {\n            temp.prev = null;\n            this.front.next = null;\n        }\n        this.front = temp; // \u66f4\u65b0\u5934\u8282\u70b9\n        this.queSize--;\n        return value;\n    }\n\n    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20 */\n    peekLast(): number {\n        return this.queSize === 0 ? null : this.rear.val;\n    }\n\n    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\n    peekFirst(): number {\n        return this.queSize === 0 ? null : this.front.val;\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\n    size(): number {\n        return this.queSize;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5224\u65ad\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\n    isEmpty(): boolean {\n        return this.queSize === 0;\n    }\n\n    /* \u6253\u5370\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217 */\n    print(): void {\n        const arr: number[] = [];\n        let temp: ListNode = this.front;\n        while (temp !== null) {\n            arr.push(temp.val);\n            temp = temp.next;\n        }\n        console.log('[' + arr.join(', ') + ']');\n    }\n}\n
    linkedlist_deque.dart
    /* \u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9 */\nclass ListNode {\n  int val; // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\n  ListNode? next; // \u540e\u7ee7\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528\n  ListNode? prev; // \u524d\u9a71\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528\n\n  ListNode(this.val, {this.next, this.prev});\n}\n\n/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u53cc\u5411\u5bf9\u5217 */\nclass LinkedListDeque {\n  late ListNode? _front; // \u5934\u8282\u70b9 _front\n  late ListNode? _rear; // \u5c3e\u8282\u70b9 _rear\n  int _queSize = 0; // \u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\n\n  LinkedListDeque() {\n    this._front = null;\n    this._rear = null;\n  }\n\n  /* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6 */\n  int size() {\n    return this._queSize;\n  }\n\n  /* \u5224\u65ad\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\n  bool isEmpty() {\n    return size() == 0;\n  }\n\n  /* \u5165\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c */\n  void push(int _num, bool isFront) {\n    final ListNode node = ListNode(_num);\n    if (isEmpty()) {\n      // \u82e5\u94fe\u8868\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u4ee4 _front \u548c _rear \u90fd\u6307\u5411 node\n      _front = _rear = node;\n    } else if (isFront) {\n      // \u961f\u9996\u5165\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\n      // \u5c06 node \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u94fe\u8868\u5934\u90e8\n      _front!.prev = node;\n      node.next = _front;\n      _front = node; // \u66f4\u65b0\u5934\u8282\u70b9\n    } else {\n      // \u961f\u5c3e\u5165\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\n      // \u5c06 node \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u94fe\u8868\u5c3e\u90e8\n      _rear!.next = node;\n      node.prev = _rear;\n      _rear = node; // \u66f4\u65b0\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\n    }\n    _queSize++; // \u66f4\u65b0\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\n  }\n\n  /* \u961f\u9996\u5165\u961f */\n  void pushFirst(int _num) {\n    push(_num, true);\n  }\n\n  /* \u961f\u5c3e\u5165\u961f */\n  void pushLast(int _num) {\n    push(_num, false);\n  }\n\n  /* \u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c */\n  int? pop(bool isFront) {\n    // \u82e5\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de null\n    if (isEmpty()) {\n      return null;\n    }\n    final int val;\n    if (isFront) {\n      // \u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\n      val = _front!.val; // \u6682\u5b58\u5934\u8282\u70b9\u503c\n      // \u5220\u9664\u5934\u8282\u70b9\n      ListNode? fNext = _front!.next;\n      if (fNext != null) {\n        fNext.prev = null;\n        _front!.next = null;\n      }\n      _front = fNext; // \u66f4\u65b0\u5934\u8282\u70b9\n    } else {\n      // \u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\n      val = _rear!.val; // \u6682\u5b58\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u503c\n      // \u5220\u9664\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\n      ListNode? rPrev = _rear!.prev;\n      if (rPrev != null) {\n        rPrev.next = null;\n        _rear!.prev = null;\n      }\n      _rear = rPrev; // \u66f4\u65b0\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\n    }\n    _queSize--; // \u66f4\u65b0\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\n    return val;\n  }\n\n  /* \u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f */\n  int? popFirst() {\n    return pop(true);\n  }\n\n  /* \u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f */\n  int? popLast() {\n    return pop(false);\n  }\n\n  /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\n  int? peekFirst() {\n    return _front?.val;\n  }\n\n  /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20 */\n  int? peekLast() {\n    return _rear?.val;\n  }\n\n  /* \u8fd4\u56de\u6570\u7ec4\u7528\u4e8e\u6253\u5370 */\n  List<int> toArray() {\n    ListNode? node = _front;\n    final List<int> res = [];\n    for (int i = 0; i < _queSize; i++) {\n      res.add(node!.val);\n      node = node.next;\n    }\n    return res;\n  }\n}\n
    linkedlist_deque.rs
    /* \u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9 */\npub struct ListNode<T> {\n    pub val: T,                                 // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\n    pub next: Option<Rc<RefCell<ListNode<T>>>>, // \u540e\u7ee7\u8282\u70b9\u6307\u9488\n    pub prev: Option<Rc<RefCell<ListNode<T>>>>, // \u524d\u9a71\u8282\u70b9\u6307\u9488\n}\n\nimpl<T> ListNode<T> {\n    pub fn new(val: T) -> Rc<RefCell<ListNode<T>>> {\n        Rc::new(RefCell::new(ListNode {\n            val,\n            next: None,\n            prev: None,\n        }))\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217 */\n#[allow(dead_code)]\npub struct LinkedListDeque<T> {\n    front: Option<Rc<RefCell<ListNode<T>>>>,    // \u5934\u8282\u70b9 front\n    rear: Option<Rc<RefCell<ListNode<T>>>>,     // \u5c3e\u8282\u70b9 rear \n    que_size: usize,                            // \u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\n}\n\nimpl<T: Copy> LinkedListDeque<T> {\n    pub fn new() -> Self {\n        Self {\n            front: None,\n            rear: None,\n            que_size: 0, \n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\n    pub fn size(&self) -> usize {\n        return self.que_size;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5224\u65ad\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\n    pub fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {\n        return self.size() == 0;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5165\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    pub fn push(&mut self, num: T, is_front: bool) {\n        let node = ListNode::new(num);\n        // \u961f\u9996\u5165\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\n        if is_front {\n            match self.front.take() {\n                // \u82e5\u94fe\u8868\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u4ee4 front \u548c rear \u90fd\u6307\u5411 node\n                None => {\n                    self.rear = Some(node.clone());\n                    self.front = Some(node);\n                }\n                // \u5c06 node \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u94fe\u8868\u5934\u90e8\n                Some(old_front) => {\n                    old_front.borrow_mut().prev = Some(node.clone());\n                    node.borrow_mut().next = Some(old_front);\n                    self.front = Some(node); // \u66f4\u65b0\u5934\u8282\u70b9\n                }\n            }\n        } \n        // \u961f\u5c3e\u5165\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\n        else {\n            match self.rear.take() {\n                // \u82e5\u94fe\u8868\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u4ee4 front \u548c rear \u90fd\u6307\u5411 node\n                None => {\n                    self.front = Some(node.clone());\n                    self.rear = Some(node);\n                }\n                // \u5c06 node \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u94fe\u8868\u5c3e\u90e8\n                Some(old_rear) => {\n                    old_rear.borrow_mut().next = Some(node.clone());\n                    node.borrow_mut().prev = Some(old_rear);\n                    self.rear = Some(node); // \u66f4\u65b0\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\n                }\n            }\n        }\n        self.que_size += 1; // \u66f4\u65b0\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\n    }\n\n    /* \u961f\u9996\u5165\u961f */\n    pub fn push_first(&mut self, num: T) {\n        self.push(num, true);\n    }\n\n    /* \u961f\u5c3e\u5165\u961f */\n    pub fn push_last(&mut self, num: T) {\n        self.push(num, false);\n    }\n\n    /* \u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c */\n    pub fn pop(&mut self, is_front: bool) -> Option<T> {\n        // \u82e5\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de None\n        if self.is_empty() { \n            return None \n        };\n        // \u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\n        if is_front {\n            self.front.take().map(|old_front| {\n                match old_front.borrow_mut().next.take() {\n                    Some(new_front) => {\n                        new_front.borrow_mut().prev.take();\n                        self.front = Some(new_front);   // \u66f4\u65b0\u5934\u8282\u70b9\n                    }\n                    None => {\n                        self.rear.take();\n                    }\n                }\n                self.que_size -= 1; // \u66f4\u65b0\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\n                Rc::try_unwrap(old_front).ok().unwrap().into_inner().val\n            })\n\n        } \n        // \u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\n        else {\n            self.rear.take().map(|old_rear| {\n                match old_rear.borrow_mut().prev.take() {\n                    Some(new_rear) => {\n                        new_rear.borrow_mut().next.take();\n                        self.rear = Some(new_rear);     // \u66f4\u65b0\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\n                    }\n                    None => {\n                        self.front.take();\n                    }\n                }\n                self.que_size -= 1; // \u66f4\u65b0\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\n                Rc::try_unwrap(old_rear).ok().unwrap().into_inner().val\n            })\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f */\n    pub fn pop_first(&mut self) -> Option<T> {\n        return self.pop(true);\n    }\n\n    /* \u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f */\n    pub fn pop_last(&mut self) -> Option<T> {\n        return self.pop(false);\n    }\n\n    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\n    pub fn peek_first(&self) -> Option<&Rc<RefCell<ListNode<T>>>> {\n        self.front.as_ref()\n    }\n\n    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20 */\n    pub fn peek_last(&self) -> Option<&Rc<RefCell<ListNode<T>>>> {\n        self.rear.as_ref()\n    }\n\n    /* \u8fd4\u56de\u6570\u7ec4\u7528\u4e8e\u6253\u5370 */\n    pub fn to_array(&self, head: Option<&Rc<RefCell<ListNode<T>>>>) -> Vec<T> {\n        if let Some(node) = head {\n            let mut nums = self.to_array(node.borrow().next.as_ref());\n            nums.insert(0, node.borrow().val);\n            return nums;\n        }\n        return Vec::new();\n    }\n}\n
    linkedlist_deque.c
    /* \u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9 */\ntypedef struct DoublyListNode {\n    int val;                     // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\n    struct DoublyListNode *next; // \u540e\u7ee7\u8282\u70b9\n    struct DoublyListNode *prev; // \u524d\u9a71\u8282\u70b9\n} DoublyListNode;\n\n/* \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570 */\nDoublyListNode *newDoublyListNode(int num) {\n    DoublyListNode *new = (DoublyListNode *)malloc(sizeof(DoublyListNode));\n    new->val = num;\n    new->next = NULL;\n    new->prev = NULL;\n    return new;\n}\n\n/* \u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570 */\nvoid delDoublyListNode(DoublyListNode *node) {\n    free(node);\n}\n\n/* \u57fa\u4e8e\u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217 */\ntypedef struct {\n    DoublyListNode *front, *rear; // \u5934\u8282\u70b9 front \uff0c\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9 rear\n    int queSize;                  // \u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\n} LinkedListDeque;\n\n/* \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570 */\nLinkedListDeque *newLinkedListDeque() {\n    LinkedListDeque *deque = (LinkedListDeque *)malloc(sizeof(LinkedListDeque));\n    deque->front = NULL;\n    deque->rear = NULL;\n    deque->queSize = 0;\n    return deque;\n}\n\n/* \u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570 */\nvoid delLinkedListdeque(LinkedListDeque *deque) {\n    // \u91ca\u653e\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\n    for (int i = 0; i < deque->queSize && deque->front != NULL; i++) {\n        DoublyListNode *tmp = deque->front;\n        deque->front = deque->front->next;\n        free(tmp);\n    }\n    // \u91ca\u653e deque \u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\n    free(deque);\n}\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nint size(LinkedListDeque *deque) {\n    return deque->queSize;\n}\n\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nbool empty(LinkedListDeque *deque) {\n    return (size(deque) == 0);\n}\n\n/* \u5165\u961f */\nvoid push(LinkedListDeque *deque, int num, bool isFront) {\n    DoublyListNode *node = newDoublyListNode(num);\n    // \u82e5\u94fe\u8868\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u4ee4 front \u548c rear \u90fd\u6307\u5411node\n    if (empty(deque)) {\n        deque->front = deque->rear = node;\n    }\n    // \u961f\u9996\u5165\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\n    else if (isFront) {\n        // \u5c06 node \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u94fe\u8868\u5934\u90e8\n        deque->front->prev = node;\n        node->next = deque->front;\n        deque->front = node; // \u66f4\u65b0\u5934\u8282\u70b9\n    }\n    // \u961f\u5c3e\u5165\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\n    else {\n        // \u5c06 node \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u94fe\u8868\u5c3e\u90e8\n        deque->rear->next = node;\n        node->prev = deque->rear;\n        deque->rear = node;\n    }\n    deque->queSize++; // \u66f4\u65b0\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\n}\n\n/* \u961f\u9996\u5165\u961f */\nvoid pushFirst(LinkedListDeque *deque, int num) {\n    push(deque, num, true);\n}\n\n/* \u961f\u5c3e\u5165\u961f */\nvoid pushLast(LinkedListDeque *deque, int num) {\n    push(deque, num, false);\n}\n\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\nint peekFirst(LinkedListDeque *deque) {\n    assert(size(deque) && deque->front);\n    return deque->front->val;\n}\n\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20 */\nint peekLast(LinkedListDeque *deque) {\n    assert(size(deque) && deque->rear);\n    return deque->rear->val;\n}\n\n/* \u51fa\u961f */\nint pop(LinkedListDeque *deque, bool isFront) {\n    if (empty(deque))\n        return -1;\n    int val;\n    // \u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\n    if (isFront) {\n        val = peekFirst(deque); // \u6682\u5b58\u5934\u8282\u70b9\u503c\n        DoublyListNode *fNext = deque->front->next;\n        if (fNext) {\n            fNext->prev = NULL;\n            deque->front->next = NULL;\n            delDoublyListNode(deque->front);\n        }\n        deque->front = fNext; // \u66f4\u65b0\u5934\u8282\u70b9\n    }\n    // \u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\n    else {\n        val = peekLast(deque); // \u6682\u5b58\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u503c\n        DoublyListNode *rPrev = deque->rear->prev;\n        if (rPrev) {\n            rPrev->next = NULL;\n            deque->rear->prev = NULL;\n            delDoublyListNode(deque->rear);\n        }\n        deque->rear = rPrev; // \u66f4\u65b0\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\n    }\n    deque->queSize--; // \u66f4\u65b0\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\n    return val;\n}\n\n/* \u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f */\nint popFirst(LinkedListDeque *deque) {\n    return pop(deque, true);\n}\n\n/* \u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f */\nint popLast(LinkedListDeque *deque) {\n    return pop(deque, false);\n}\n\n/* \u6253\u5370\u961f\u5217 */\nvoid printLinkedListDeque(LinkedListDeque *deque) {\n    int *arr = malloc(sizeof(int) * deque->queSize);\n    // \u62f7\u8d1d\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5230\u6570\u7ec4\n    int i;\n    DoublyListNode *node;\n    for (i = 0, node = deque->front; i < deque->queSize; i++) {\n        arr[i] = node->val;\n        node = node->next;\n    }\n    printArray(arr, deque->queSize);\n    free(arr);\n}\n
    linkedlist_deque.zig
    // \u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9\nfn ListNode(comptime T: type) type {\n    return struct {\n        const Self = @This();\n\n        val: T = undefined,     // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\n        next: ?*Self = null,    // \u540e\u7ee7\u8282\u70b9\u6307\u9488\n        prev: ?*Self = null,    // \u524d\u9a71\u8282\u70b9\u6307\u9488\n\n        // Initialize a list node with specific value\n        pub fn init(self: *Self, x: i32) void {\n            self.val = x;\n            self.next = null;\n            self.prev = null;\n        }\n    };\n}\n\n// \u57fa\u4e8e\u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\nfn LinkedListDeque(comptime T: type) type {\n    return struct {\n        const Self = @This();\n\n        front: ?*ListNode(T) = null,                    // \u5934\u8282\u70b9 front\n        rear: ?*ListNode(T) = null,                     // \u5c3e\u8282\u70b9 rear\n        que_size: usize = 0,                             // \u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\n        mem_arena: ?std.heap.ArenaAllocator = null,\n        mem_allocator: std.mem.Allocator = undefined,   // \u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u5668\n\n        // \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\uff08\u5206\u914d\u5185\u5b58+\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u961f\u5217\uff09\n        pub fn init(self: *Self, allocator: std.mem.Allocator) !void {\n            if (self.mem_arena == null) {\n                self.mem_arena = std.heap.ArenaAllocator.init(allocator);\n                self.mem_allocator = self.mem_arena.?.allocator();\n            }\n            self.front = null;\n            self.rear = null;\n            self.que_size = 0;\n        }\n\n        // \u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\uff08\u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\uff09\n        pub fn deinit(self: *Self) void {\n            if (self.mem_arena == null) return;\n            self.mem_arena.?.deinit();\n        }\n\n        // \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\n        pub fn size(self: *Self) usize {\n            return self.que_size;\n        }\n\n        // \u5224\u65ad\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a\n        pub fn isEmpty(self: *Self) bool {\n            return self.size() == 0;\n        }\n\n        // \u5165\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\n        pub fn push(self: *Self, num: T, is_front: bool) !void {\n            var node = try self.mem_allocator.create(ListNode(T));\n            node.init(num);\n            // \u82e5\u94fe\u8868\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u4ee4 front \u548c rear \u90fd\u6307\u5411 node\n            if (self.isEmpty()) {\n                self.front = node;\n                self.rear = node;\n            // \u961f\u9996\u5165\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\n            } else if (is_front) {\n                // \u5c06 node \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u94fe\u8868\u5934\u90e8\n                self.front.?.prev = node;\n                node.next = self.front;\n                self.front = node;  // \u66f4\u65b0\u5934\u8282\u70b9\n            // \u961f\u5c3e\u5165\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\n            } else {\n                // \u5c06 node \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u94fe\u8868\u5c3e\u90e8\n                self.rear.?.next = node;\n                node.prev = self.rear;\n                self.rear = node;   // \u66f4\u65b0\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\n            }\n            self.que_size += 1;      // \u66f4\u65b0\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\n        } \n\n        // \u961f\u9996\u5165\u961f\n        pub fn pushFirst(self: *Self, num: T) !void {\n            try self.push(num, true);\n        } \n\n        // \u961f\u5c3e\u5165\u961f\n        pub fn pushLast(self: *Self, num: T) !void {\n            try self.push(num, false);\n        } \n\n        // \u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\n        pub fn pop(self: *Self, is_front: bool) T {\n            if (self.isEmpty()) @panic(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\");\n            var val: T = undefined;\n            // \u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\n            if (is_front) {\n                val = self.front.?.val;     // \u6682\u5b58\u5934\u8282\u70b9\u503c\n                // \u5220\u9664\u5934\u8282\u70b9\n                var fNext = self.front.?.next;\n                if (fNext != null) {\n                    fNext.?.prev = null;\n                    self.front.?.next = null;\n                }\n                self.front = fNext;         // \u66f4\u65b0\u5934\u8282\u70b9\n            // \u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\n            } else {\n                val = self.rear.?.val;      // \u6682\u5b58\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u503c\n                // \u5220\u9664\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\n                var rPrev = self.rear.?.prev;\n                if (rPrev != null) {\n                    rPrev.?.next = null;\n                    self.rear.?.prev = null;\n                }\n                self.rear = rPrev;          // \u66f4\u65b0\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\n            }\n            self.que_size -= 1;              // \u66f4\u65b0\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\n            return val;\n        } \n\n        // \u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f\n        pub fn popFirst(self: *Self) T {\n            return self.pop(true);\n        } \n\n        // \u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f\n        pub fn popLast(self: *Self) T {\n            return self.pop(false);\n        } \n\n        // \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\n        pub fn peekFirst(self: *Self) T {\n            if (self.isEmpty()) @panic(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\");\n            return self.front.?.val;\n        }  \n\n        // \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\n        pub fn peekLast(self: *Self) T {\n            if (self.isEmpty()) @panic(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\");\n            return self.rear.?.val;\n        }\n\n        // \u8fd4\u56de\u6570\u7ec4\u7528\u4e8e\u6253\u5370\n        pub fn toArray(self: *Self) ![]T {\n            var node = self.front;\n            var res = try self.mem_allocator.alloc(T, self.size());\n            @memset(res, @as(T, 0));\n            var i: usize = 0;\n            while (i < res.len) : (i += 1) {\n                res[i] = node.?.val;\n                node = node.?.next;\n            }\n            return res;\n        }\n    };\n}\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_stack_and_queue/deque/#2","title":"2. \u00a0 \u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0","text":"

    \u5982\u56fe 5-9 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u4e0e\u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u961f\u5217\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u3002

    ArrayDequepushLast()pushFirst()popLast()popFirst()

    \u56fe 5-9 \u00a0 \u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u5165\u961f\u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c

    \u5728\u961f\u5217\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ec5\u9700\u589e\u52a0\u201c\u961f\u9996\u5165\u961f\u201d\u548c\u201c\u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f\u201d\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig array_deque.py
    class ArrayDeque:\n    \"\"\"\u57fa\u4e8e\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\"\"\"\n\n    def __init__(self, capacity: int):\n        \"\"\"\u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5\"\"\"\n        self._nums: list[int] = [0] * capacity\n        self._front: int = 0\n        self._size: int = 0\n\n    def capacity(self) -> int:\n        \"\"\"\u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf\"\"\"\n        return len(self._nums)\n\n    def size(self) -> int:\n        \"\"\"\u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\"\"\"\n        return self._size\n\n    def is_empty(self) -> bool:\n        \"\"\"\u5224\u65ad\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a\"\"\"\n        return self._size == 0\n\n    def index(self, i: int) -> int:\n        \"\"\"\u8ba1\u7b97\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15\"\"\"\n        # \u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b9e\u73b0\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5c3e\u76f8\u8fde\n        # \u5f53 i \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u540e\uff0c\u56de\u5230\u5934\u90e8\n        # \u5f53 i \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u540e\uff0c\u56de\u5230\u5c3e\u90e8\n        return (i + self.capacity()) % self.capacity()\n\n    def push_first(self, num: int):\n        \"\"\"\u961f\u9996\u5165\u961f\"\"\"\n        if self._size == self.capacity():\n            print(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5df2\u6ee1\")\n            return\n        # \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\u5411\u5de6\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n        # \u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b9e\u73b0 front \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u540e\u56de\u5230\u5c3e\u90e8\n        self._front = self.index(self._front - 1)\n        # \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u9996\n        self._nums[self._front] = num\n        self._size += 1\n\n    def push_last(self, num: int):\n        \"\"\"\u961f\u5c3e\u5165\u961f\"\"\"\n        if self._size == self.capacity():\n            print(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5df2\u6ee1\")\n            return\n        # \u8ba1\u7b97\u961f\u5c3e\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u5c3e\u7d22\u5f15 + 1\n        rear = self.index(self._front + self._size)\n        # \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u5c3e\n        self._nums[rear] = num\n        self._size += 1\n\n    def pop_first(self) -> int:\n        \"\"\"\u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f\"\"\"\n        num = self.peek_first()\n        # \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n        self._front = self.index(self._front + 1)\n        self._size -= 1\n        return num\n\n    def pop_last(self) -> int:\n        \"\"\"\u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f\"\"\"\n        num = self.peek_last()\n        self._size -= 1\n        return num\n\n    def peek_first(self) -> int:\n        \"\"\"\u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\"\"\"\n        if self.is_empty():\n            raise IndexError(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\")\n        return self._nums[self._front]\n\n    def peek_last(self) -> int:\n        \"\"\"\u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\"\"\"\n        if self.is_empty():\n            raise IndexError(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\")\n        # \u8ba1\u7b97\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\n        last = self.index(self._front + self._size - 1)\n        return self._nums[last]\n\n    def to_array(self) -> list[int]:\n        \"\"\"\u8fd4\u56de\u6570\u7ec4\u7528\u4e8e\u6253\u5370\"\"\"\n        # \u4ec5\u8f6c\u6362\u6709\u6548\u957f\u5ea6\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\n        res = []\n        for i in range(self._size):\n            res.append(self._nums[self.index(self._front + i)])\n        return res\n
    array_deque.cpp
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217 */\nclass ArrayDeque {\n  private:\n    vector<int> nums; // \u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\n    int front;        // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\n    int queSize;      // \u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\n\n  public:\n    /* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\n    ArrayDeque(int capacity) {\n        nums.resize(capacity);\n        front = queSize = 0;\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf */\n    int capacity() {\n        return nums.size();\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\n    int size() {\n        return queSize;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5224\u65ad\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\n    bool isEmpty() {\n        return queSize == 0;\n    }\n\n    /* \u8ba1\u7b97\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15 */\n    int index(int i) {\n        // \u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b9e\u73b0\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5c3e\u76f8\u8fde\n        // \u5f53 i \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u540e\uff0c\u56de\u5230\u5934\u90e8\n        // \u5f53 i \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u540e\uff0c\u56de\u5230\u5c3e\u90e8\n        return (i + capacity()) % capacity();\n    }\n\n    /* \u961f\u9996\u5165\u961f */\n    void pushFirst(int num) {\n        if (queSize == capacity()) {\n            cout << \"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5df2\u6ee1\" << endl;\n            return;\n        }\n        // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\u5411\u5de6\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n        // \u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b9e\u73b0 front \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u540e\u56de\u5230\u5c3e\u90e8\n        front = index(front - 1);\n        // \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u9996\n        nums[front] = num;\n        queSize++;\n    }\n\n    /* \u961f\u5c3e\u5165\u961f */\n    void pushLast(int num) {\n        if (queSize == capacity()) {\n            cout << \"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5df2\u6ee1\" << endl;\n            return;\n        }\n        // \u8ba1\u7b97\u961f\u5c3e\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u5c3e\u7d22\u5f15 + 1\n        int rear = index(front + queSize);\n        // \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u5c3e\n        nums[rear] = num;\n        queSize++;\n    }\n\n    /* \u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f */\n    int popFirst() {\n        int num = peekFirst();\n        // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n        front = index(front + 1);\n        queSize--;\n        return num;\n    }\n\n    /* \u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f */\n    int popLast() {\n        int num = peekLast();\n        queSize--;\n        return num;\n    }\n\n    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\n    int peekFirst() {\n        if (isEmpty())\n            throw out_of_range(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\");\n        return nums[front];\n    }\n\n    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20 */\n    int peekLast() {\n        if (isEmpty())\n            throw out_of_range(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\");\n        // \u8ba1\u7b97\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\n        int last = index(front + queSize - 1);\n        return nums[last];\n    }\n\n    /* \u8fd4\u56de\u6570\u7ec4\u7528\u4e8e\u6253\u5370 */\n    vector<int> toVector() {\n        // \u4ec5\u8f6c\u6362\u6709\u6548\u957f\u5ea6\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\n        vector<int> res(queSize);\n        for (int i = 0, j = front; i < queSize; i++, j++) {\n            res[i] = nums[index(j)];\n        }\n        return res;\n    }\n};\n
    array_deque.java
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217 */\nclass ArrayDeque {\n    private int[] nums; // \u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\n    private int front; // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\n    private int queSize; // \u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\n\n    /* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\n    public ArrayDeque(int capacity) {\n        this.nums = new int[capacity];\n        front = queSize = 0;\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf */\n    public int capacity() {\n        return nums.length;\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\n    public int size() {\n        return queSize;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5224\u65ad\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\n    public boolean isEmpty() {\n        return queSize == 0;\n    }\n\n    /* \u8ba1\u7b97\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15 */\n    private int index(int i) {\n        // \u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b9e\u73b0\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5c3e\u76f8\u8fde\n        // \u5f53 i \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u540e\uff0c\u56de\u5230\u5934\u90e8\n        // \u5f53 i \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u540e\uff0c\u56de\u5230\u5c3e\u90e8\n        return (i + capacity()) % capacity();\n    }\n\n    /* \u961f\u9996\u5165\u961f */\n    public void pushFirst(int num) {\n        if (queSize == capacity()) {\n            System.out.println(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5df2\u6ee1\");\n            return;\n        }\n        // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\u5411\u5de6\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n        // \u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b9e\u73b0 front \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u540e\u56de\u5230\u5c3e\u90e8\n        front = index(front - 1);\n        // \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u9996\n        nums[front] = num;\n        queSize++;\n    }\n\n    /* \u961f\u5c3e\u5165\u961f */\n    public void pushLast(int num) {\n        if (queSize == capacity()) {\n            System.out.println(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5df2\u6ee1\");\n            return;\n        }\n        // \u8ba1\u7b97\u961f\u5c3e\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u5c3e\u7d22\u5f15 + 1\n        int rear = index(front + queSize);\n        // \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u5c3e\n        nums[rear] = num;\n        queSize++;\n    }\n\n    /* \u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f */\n    public int popFirst() {\n        int num = peekFirst();\n        // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n        front = index(front + 1);\n        queSize--;\n        return num;\n    }\n\n    /* \u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f */\n    public int popLast() {\n        int num = peekLast();\n        queSize--;\n        return num;\n    }\n\n    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\n    public int peekFirst() {\n        if (isEmpty())\n            throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();\n        return nums[front];\n    }\n\n    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20 */\n    public int peekLast() {\n        if (isEmpty())\n            throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();\n        // \u8ba1\u7b97\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\n        int last = index(front + queSize - 1);\n        return nums[last];\n    }\n\n    /* \u8fd4\u56de\u6570\u7ec4\u7528\u4e8e\u6253\u5370 */\n    public int[] toArray() {\n        // \u4ec5\u8f6c\u6362\u6709\u6548\u957f\u5ea6\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\n        int[] res = new int[queSize];\n        for (int i = 0, j = front; i < queSize; i++, j++) {\n            res[i] = nums[index(j)];\n        }\n        return res;\n    }\n}\n
    array_deque.cs
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217 */\nclass ArrayDeque {\n    int[] nums;  // \u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\n    int front;   // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\n    int queSize; // \u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\n\n    /* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\n    public ArrayDeque(int capacity) {\n        nums = new int[capacity];\n        front = queSize = 0;\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf */\n    int Capacity() {\n        return nums.Length;\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\n    public int Size() {\n        return queSize;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5224\u65ad\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\n    public bool IsEmpty() {\n        return queSize == 0;\n    }\n\n    /* \u8ba1\u7b97\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15 */\n    int Index(int i) {\n        // \u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b9e\u73b0\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5c3e\u76f8\u8fde\n        // \u5f53 i \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u540e\uff0c\u56de\u5230\u5934\u90e8\n        // \u5f53 i \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u540e\uff0c\u56de\u5230\u5c3e\u90e8\n        return (i + Capacity()) % Capacity();\n    }\n\n    /* \u961f\u9996\u5165\u961f */\n    public void PushFirst(int num) {\n        if (queSize == Capacity()) {\n            Console.WriteLine(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5df2\u6ee1\");\n            return;\n        }\n        // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\u5411\u5de6\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n        // \u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b9e\u73b0 front \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u540e\u56de\u5230\u5c3e\u90e8\n        front = Index(front - 1);\n        // \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u9996\n        nums[front] = num;\n        queSize++;\n    }\n\n    /* \u961f\u5c3e\u5165\u961f */\n    public void PushLast(int num) {\n        if (queSize == Capacity()) {\n            Console.WriteLine(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5df2\u6ee1\");\n            return;\n        }\n        // \u8ba1\u7b97\u961f\u5c3e\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u5c3e\u7d22\u5f15 + 1\n        int rear = Index(front + queSize);\n        // \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u5c3e\n        nums[rear] = num;\n        queSize++;\n    }\n\n    /* \u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f */\n    public int PopFirst() {\n        int num = PeekFirst();\n        // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n        front = Index(front + 1);\n        queSize--;\n        return num;\n    }\n\n    /* \u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f */\n    public int PopLast() {\n        int num = PeekLast();\n        queSize--;\n        return num;\n    }\n\n    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\n    public int PeekFirst() {\n        if (IsEmpty()) {\n            throw new InvalidOperationException();\n        }\n        return nums[front];\n    }\n\n    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20 */\n    public int PeekLast() {\n        if (IsEmpty()) {\n            throw new InvalidOperationException();\n        }\n        // \u8ba1\u7b97\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\n        int last = Index(front + queSize - 1);\n        return nums[last];\n    }\n\n    /* \u8fd4\u56de\u6570\u7ec4\u7528\u4e8e\u6253\u5370 */\n    public int[] ToArray() {\n        // \u4ec5\u8f6c\u6362\u6709\u6548\u957f\u5ea6\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\n        int[] res = new int[queSize];\n        for (int i = 0, j = front; i < queSize; i++, j++) {\n            res[i] = nums[Index(j)];\n        }\n        return res;\n    }\n}\n
    array_deque.go
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217 */\ntype arrayDeque struct {\n    nums        []int // \u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\n    front       int   // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\n    queSize     int   // \u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\n    queCapacity int   // \u961f\u5217\u5bb9\u91cf\uff08\u5373\u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u7eb3\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\uff09\n}\n\n/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u961f\u5217 */\nfunc newArrayDeque(queCapacity int) *arrayDeque {\n    return &arrayDeque{\n        nums:        make([]int, queCapacity),\n        queCapacity: queCapacity,\n        front:       0,\n        queSize:     0,\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nfunc (q *arrayDeque) size() int {\n    return q.queSize\n}\n\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nfunc (q *arrayDeque) isEmpty() bool {\n    return q.queSize == 0\n}\n\n/* \u8ba1\u7b97\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15 */\nfunc (q *arrayDeque) index(i int) int {\n    // \u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b9e\u73b0\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5c3e\u76f8\u8fde\n    // \u5f53 i \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u540e\uff0c\u56de\u5230\u5934\u90e8\n    // \u5f53 i \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u540e\uff0c\u56de\u5230\u5c3e\u90e8\n    return (i + q.queCapacity) % q.queCapacity\n}\n\n/* \u961f\u9996\u5165\u961f */\nfunc (q *arrayDeque) pushFirst(num int) {\n    if q.queSize == q.queCapacity {\n        fmt.Println(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5df2\u6ee1\")\n        return\n    }\n    // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\u5411\u5de6\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n    // \u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b9e\u73b0 front \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u540e\u56de\u5230\u5c3e\u90e8\n    q.front = q.index(q.front - 1)\n    // \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u9996\n    q.nums[q.front] = num\n    q.queSize++\n}\n\n/* \u961f\u5c3e\u5165\u961f */\nfunc (q *arrayDeque) pushLast(num int) {\n    if q.queSize == q.queCapacity {\n        fmt.Println(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5df2\u6ee1\")\n        return\n    }\n    // \u8ba1\u7b97\u961f\u5c3e\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u5c3e\u7d22\u5f15 + 1\n    rear := q.index(q.front + q.queSize)\n    // \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u9996\n    q.nums[rear] = num\n    q.queSize++\n}\n\n/* \u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f */\nfunc (q *arrayDeque) popFirst() any {\n    num := q.peekFirst()\n    // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n    q.front = q.index(q.front + 1)\n    q.queSize--\n    return num\n}\n\n/* \u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f */\nfunc (q *arrayDeque) popLast() any {\n    num := q.peekLast()\n    q.queSize--\n    return num\n}\n\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunc (q *arrayDeque) peekFirst() any {\n    if q.isEmpty() {\n        return nil\n    }\n    return q.nums[q.front]\n}\n\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunc (q *arrayDeque) peekLast() any {\n    if q.isEmpty() {\n        return nil\n    }\n    // \u8ba1\u7b97\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\n    last := q.index(q.front + q.queSize - 1)\n    return q.nums[last]\n}\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6 Slice \u7528\u4e8e\u6253\u5370 */\nfunc (q *arrayDeque) toSlice() []int {\n    // \u4ec5\u8f6c\u6362\u6709\u6548\u957f\u5ea6\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\n    res := make([]int, q.queSize)\n    for i, j := 0, q.front; i < q.queSize; i++ {\n        res[i] = q.nums[q.index(j)]\n        j++\n    }\n    return res\n}\n
    array_deque.swift
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217 */\nclass ArrayDeque {\n    private var nums: [Int] // \u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\n    private var front: Int // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\n    private var queSize: Int // \u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\n\n    /* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\n    init(capacity: Int) {\n        nums = Array(repeating: 0, count: capacity)\n        front = 0\n        queSize = 0\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf */\n    func capacity() -> Int {\n        nums.count\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\n    func size() -> Int {\n        queSize\n    }\n\n    /* \u5224\u65ad\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\n    func isEmpty() -> Bool {\n        size() == 0\n    }\n\n    /* \u8ba1\u7b97\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15 */\n    private func index(i: Int) -> Int {\n        // \u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b9e\u73b0\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5c3e\u76f8\u8fde\n        // \u5f53 i \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u540e\uff0c\u56de\u5230\u5934\u90e8\n        // \u5f53 i \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u540e\uff0c\u56de\u5230\u5c3e\u90e8\n        (i + capacity()) % capacity()\n    }\n\n    /* \u961f\u9996\u5165\u961f */\n    func pushFirst(num: Int) {\n        if size() == capacity() {\n            print(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5df2\u6ee1\")\n            return\n        }\n        // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\u5411\u5de6\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n        // \u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b9e\u73b0 front \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u540e\u56de\u5230\u5c3e\u90e8\n        front = index(i: front - 1)\n        // \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u9996\n        nums[front] = num\n        queSize += 1\n    }\n\n    /* \u961f\u5c3e\u5165\u961f */\n    func pushLast(num: Int) {\n        if size() == capacity() {\n            print(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5df2\u6ee1\")\n            return\n        }\n        // \u8ba1\u7b97\u961f\u5c3e\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u5c3e\u7d22\u5f15 + 1\n        let rear = index(i: front + size())\n        // \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u5c3e\n        nums[rear] = num\n        queSize += 1\n    }\n\n    /* \u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f */\n    func popFirst() -> Int {\n        let num = peekFirst()\n        // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n        front = index(i: front + 1)\n        queSize -= 1\n        return num\n    }\n\n    /* \u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f */\n    func popLast() -> Int {\n        let num = peekLast()\n        queSize -= 1\n        return num\n    }\n\n    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\n    func peekFirst() -> Int {\n        if isEmpty() {\n            fatalError(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\")\n        }\n        return nums[front]\n    }\n\n    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20 */\n    func peekLast() -> Int {\n        if isEmpty() {\n            fatalError(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\")\n        }\n        // \u8ba1\u7b97\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\n        let last = index(i: front + size() - 1)\n        return nums[last]\n    }\n\n    /* \u8fd4\u56de\u6570\u7ec4\u7528\u4e8e\u6253\u5370 */\n    func toArray() -> [Int] {\n        // \u4ec5\u8f6c\u6362\u6709\u6548\u957f\u5ea6\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\n        var res = Array(repeating: 0, count: size())\n        for (i, j) in sequence(first: (0, front), next: { $0 < self.size() - 1 ? ($0 + 1, $1 + 1) : nil }) {\n            res[i] = nums[index(i: j)]\n        }\n        return res\n    }\n}\n
    array_deque.js
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217 */\nclass ArrayDeque {\n    #nums; // \u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\n    #front; // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\n    #queSize; // \u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\n\n    /* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\n    constructor(capacity) {\n        this.#nums = new Array(capacity);\n        this.#front = 0;\n        this.#queSize = 0;\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf */\n    capacity() {\n        return this.#nums.length;\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\n    size() {\n        return this.#queSize;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5224\u65ad\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\n    isEmpty() {\n        return this.#queSize === 0;\n    }\n\n    /* \u8ba1\u7b97\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15 */\n    index(i) {\n        // \u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b9e\u73b0\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5c3e\u76f8\u8fde\n        // \u5f53 i \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u540e\uff0c\u56de\u5230\u5934\u90e8\n        // \u5f53 i \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u540e\uff0c\u56de\u5230\u5c3e\u90e8\n        return (i + this.capacity()) % this.capacity();\n    }\n\n    /* \u961f\u9996\u5165\u961f */\n    pushFirst(num) {\n        if (this.#queSize === this.capacity()) {\n            console.log('\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5df2\u6ee1');\n            return;\n        }\n        // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\u5411\u5de6\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n        // \u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b9e\u73b0 front \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u540e\u56de\u5230\u5c3e\u90e8\n        this.#front = this.index(this.#front - 1);\n        // \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u9996\n        this.#nums[this.#front] = num;\n        this.#queSize++;\n    }\n\n    /* \u961f\u5c3e\u5165\u961f */\n    pushLast(num) {\n        if (this.#queSize === this.capacity()) {\n            console.log('\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5df2\u6ee1');\n            return;\n        }\n        // \u8ba1\u7b97\u961f\u5c3e\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u5c3e\u7d22\u5f15 + 1\n        const rear = this.index(this.#front + this.#queSize);\n        // \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u5c3e\n        this.#nums[rear] = num;\n        this.#queSize++;\n    }\n\n    /* \u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f */\n    popFirst() {\n        const num = this.peekFirst();\n        // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n        this.#front = this.index(this.#front + 1);\n        this.#queSize--;\n        return num;\n    }\n\n    /* \u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f */\n    popLast() {\n        const num = this.peekLast();\n        this.#queSize--;\n        return num;\n    }\n\n    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\n    peekFirst() {\n        if (this.isEmpty()) throw new Error('The Deque Is Empty.');\n        return this.#nums[this.#front];\n    }\n\n    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20 */\n    peekLast() {\n        if (this.isEmpty()) throw new Error('The Deque Is Empty.');\n        // \u8ba1\u7b97\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\n        const last = this.index(this.#front + this.#queSize - 1);\n        return this.#nums[last];\n    }\n\n    /* \u8fd4\u56de\u6570\u7ec4\u7528\u4e8e\u6253\u5370 */\n    toArray() {\n        // \u4ec5\u8f6c\u6362\u6709\u6548\u957f\u5ea6\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\n        const res = [];\n        for (let i = 0, j = this.#front; i < this.#queSize; i++, j++) {\n            res[i] = this.#nums[this.index(j)];\n        }\n        return res;\n    }\n}\n
    array_deque.ts
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217 */\nclass ArrayDeque {\n    private nums: number[]; // \u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\n    private front: number; // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\n    private queSize: number; // \u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\n\n    /* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\n    constructor(capacity: number) {\n        this.nums = new Array(capacity);\n        this.front = 0;\n        this.queSize = 0;\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf */\n    capacity(): number {\n        return this.nums.length;\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\n    size(): number {\n        return this.queSize;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5224\u65ad\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\n    isEmpty(): boolean {\n        return this.queSize === 0;\n    }\n\n    /* \u8ba1\u7b97\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15 */\n    index(i: number): number {\n        // \u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b9e\u73b0\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5c3e\u76f8\u8fde\n        // \u5f53 i \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u540e\uff0c\u56de\u5230\u5934\u90e8\n        // \u5f53 i \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u540e\uff0c\u56de\u5230\u5c3e\u90e8\n        return (i + this.capacity()) % this.capacity();\n    }\n\n    /* \u961f\u9996\u5165\u961f */\n    pushFirst(num: number): void {\n        if (this.queSize === this.capacity()) {\n            console.log('\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5df2\u6ee1');\n            return;\n        }\n        // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\u5411\u5de6\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n        // \u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b9e\u73b0 front \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u540e\u56de\u5230\u5c3e\u90e8\n        this.front = this.index(this.front - 1);\n        // \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u9996\n        this.nums[this.front] = num;\n        this.queSize++;\n    }\n\n    /* \u961f\u5c3e\u5165\u961f */\n    pushLast(num: number): void {\n        if (this.queSize === this.capacity()) {\n            console.log('\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5df2\u6ee1');\n            return;\n        }\n        // \u8ba1\u7b97\u961f\u5c3e\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u5c3e\u7d22\u5f15 + 1\n        const rear: number = this.index(this.front + this.queSize);\n        // \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u5c3e\n        this.nums[rear] = num;\n        this.queSize++;\n    }\n\n    /* \u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f */\n    popFirst(): number {\n        const num: number = this.peekFirst();\n        // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n        this.front = this.index(this.front + 1);\n        this.queSize--;\n        return num;\n    }\n\n    /* \u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f */\n    popLast(): number {\n        const num: number = this.peekLast();\n        this.queSize--;\n        return num;\n    }\n\n    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\n    peekFirst(): number {\n        if (this.isEmpty()) throw new Error('The Deque Is Empty.');\n        return this.nums[this.front];\n    }\n\n    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20 */\n    peekLast(): number {\n        if (this.isEmpty()) throw new Error('The Deque Is Empty.');\n        // \u8ba1\u7b97\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\n        const last = this.index(this.front + this.queSize - 1);\n        return this.nums[last];\n    }\n\n    /* \u8fd4\u56de\u6570\u7ec4\u7528\u4e8e\u6253\u5370 */\n    toArray(): number[] {\n        // \u4ec5\u8f6c\u6362\u6709\u6548\u957f\u5ea6\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\n        const res: number[] = [];\n        for (let i = 0, j = this.front; i < this.queSize; i++, j++) {\n            res[i] = this.nums[this.index(j)];\n        }\n        return res;\n    }\n}\n
    array_deque.dart
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217 */\nclass ArrayDeque {\n  late List<int> _nums; // \u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\n  late int _front; // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\n  late int _queSize; // \u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\n\n  /* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\n  ArrayDeque(int capacity) {\n    this._nums = List.filled(capacity, 0);\n    this._front = this._queSize = 0;\n  }\n\n  /* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf */\n  int capacity() {\n    return _nums.length;\n  }\n\n  /* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\n  int size() {\n    return _queSize;\n  }\n\n  /* \u5224\u65ad\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\n  bool isEmpty() {\n    return _queSize == 0;\n  }\n\n  /* \u8ba1\u7b97\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15 */\n  int index(int i) {\n    // \u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b9e\u73b0\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5c3e\u76f8\u8fde\n    // \u5f53 i \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u540e\uff0c\u56de\u5230\u5934\u90e8\n    // \u5f53 i \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u540e\uff0c\u56de\u5230\u5c3e\u90e8\n    return (i + capacity()) % capacity();\n  }\n\n  /* \u961f\u9996\u5165\u961f */\n  void pushFirst(int _num) {\n    if (_queSize == capacity()) {\n      throw Exception(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5df2\u6ee1\");\n    }\n    // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\u5411\u5de6\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n    // \u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b9e\u73b0 _front \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u540e\u56de\u5230\u5c3e\u90e8\n    _front = index(_front - 1);\n    // \u5c06 _num \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u9996\n    _nums[_front] = _num;\n    _queSize++;\n  }\n\n  /* \u961f\u5c3e\u5165\u961f */\n  void pushLast(int _num) {\n    if (_queSize == capacity()) {\n      throw Exception(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5df2\u6ee1\");\n    }\n    // \u8ba1\u7b97\u961f\u5c3e\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u5c3e\u7d22\u5f15 + 1\n    int rear = index(_front + _queSize);\n    // \u5c06 _num \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u5c3e\n    _nums[rear] = _num;\n    _queSize++;\n  }\n\n  /* \u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f */\n  int popFirst() {\n    int _num = peekFirst();\n    // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\u5411\u53f3\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n    _front = index(_front + 1);\n    _queSize--;\n    return _num;\n  }\n\n  /* \u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f */\n  int popLast() {\n    int _num = peekLast();\n    _queSize--;\n    return _num;\n  }\n\n  /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\n  int peekFirst() {\n    if (isEmpty()) {\n      throw Exception(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\");\n    }\n    return _nums[_front];\n  }\n\n  /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20 */\n  int peekLast() {\n    if (isEmpty()) {\n      throw Exception(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\");\n    }\n    // \u8ba1\u7b97\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\n    int last = index(_front + _queSize - 1);\n    return _nums[last];\n  }\n\n  /* \u8fd4\u56de\u6570\u7ec4\u7528\u4e8e\u6253\u5370 */\n  List<int> toArray() {\n    // \u4ec5\u8f6c\u6362\u6709\u6548\u957f\u5ea6\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\n    List<int> res = List.filled(_queSize, 0);\n    for (int i = 0, j = _front; i < _queSize; i++, j++) {\n      res[i] = _nums[index(j)];\n    }\n    return res;\n  }\n}\n
    array_deque.rs
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217 */\nstruct ArrayDeque {\n    nums: Vec<i32>,     // \u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\n    front: usize,       // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\n    que_size: usize,    // \u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\n}\n\nimpl ArrayDeque {\n    /* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\n    pub fn new(capacity: usize) -> Self {\n        Self {\n            nums: vec![0; capacity],\n            front: 0,\n            que_size: 0,\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf */\n    pub fn capacity(&self) -> usize {\n        self.nums.len()\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\n    pub fn size(&self) -> usize {\n        self.que_size\n    }\n\n    /* \u5224\u65ad\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\n    pub fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {\n        self.que_size == 0\n    }\n\n    /* \u8ba1\u7b97\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15 */\n    fn index(&self, i: i32) -> usize {\n        // \u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b9e\u73b0\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5c3e\u76f8\u8fde\n        // \u5f53 i \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u540e\uff0c\u56de\u5230\u5934\u90e8\n        // \u5f53 i \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u540e\uff0c\u56de\u5230\u5c3e\u90e8\n        return ((i + self.capacity() as i32) % self.capacity() as i32) as usize;\n    }\n\n    /* \u961f\u9996\u5165\u961f */\n    pub fn push_first(&mut self, num: i32) {\n        if self.que_size == self.capacity() {\n            println!(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5df2\u6ee1\");\n            return\n        }\n        // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\u5411\u5de6\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n        // \u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b9e\u73b0 front \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u540e\u56de\u5230\u5c3e\u90e8\n        self.front = self.index(self.front as i32 - 1);\n        // \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u9996\n        self.nums[self.front] = num;\n        self.que_size += 1;\n    }\n\n    /* \u961f\u5c3e\u5165\u961f */\n    pub fn push_last(&mut self, num: i32) {\n        if self.que_size == self.capacity() {\n            println!(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5df2\u6ee1\");\n            return\n        }\n        // \u8ba1\u7b97\u961f\u5c3e\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u5c3e\u7d22\u5f15 + 1\n        let rear = self.index(self.front as i32 + self.que_size as i32);\n        // \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u5c3e\n        self.nums[rear] = num;\n        self.que_size += 1;\n    }\n\n    /* \u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f */\n    fn pop_first(&mut self) -> i32 {\n        let num = self.peek_first();\n        // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n        self.front = self.index(self.front as i32 + 1);\n        self.que_size -= 1;\n        num\n    }\n\n    /* \u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f */\n    fn pop_last(&mut self) -> i32 {\n        let num = self.peek_last();\n        self.que_size -= 1;\n        num\n    }\n\n    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\n    fn peek_first(&self) -> i32 {\n        if self.is_empty() { panic!(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\") };\n        self.nums[self.front]\n    }\n\n    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20 */\n    fn peek_last(&self) -> i32 {\n        if self.is_empty() { panic!(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\") };\n        // \u8ba1\u7b97\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\u7d22\u5f15\n        let last = self.index(self.front as i32 + self.que_size as i32 - 1);\n        self.nums[last]\n    }\n\n    /* \u8fd4\u56de\u6570\u7ec4\u7528\u4e8e\u6253\u5370 */\n    fn to_array(&self) -> Vec<i32> {\n        // \u4ec5\u8f6c\u6362\u6709\u6548\u957f\u5ea6\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\n        let mut res = vec![0; self.que_size];\n        let mut j = self.front;\n        for i in 0..self.que_size {\n            res[i] = self.nums[self.index(j as i32)];\n            j += 1;\n        }\n        res\n    }\n}\n
    array_deque.c
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217 */\ntypedef struct {\n    int *nums;       // \u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u961f\u5217\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\n    int front;       // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\n    int queSize;     // \u5c3e\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u5c3e + 1\n    int queCapacity; // \u961f\u5217\u5bb9\u91cf\n} ArrayDeque;\n\n/* \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570 */\nArrayDeque *newArrayDeque(int capacity) {\n    ArrayDeque *deque = (ArrayDeque *)malloc(sizeof(ArrayDeque));\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4\n    deque->queCapacity = capacity;\n    deque->nums = (int *)malloc(sizeof(int) * deque->queCapacity);\n    deque->front = deque->queSize = 0;\n    return deque;\n}\n\n/* \u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570 */\nvoid delArrayDeque(ArrayDeque *deque) {\n    free(deque->nums);\n    free(deque);\n}\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf */\nint capacity(ArrayDeque *deque) {\n    return deque->queCapacity;\n}\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nint size(ArrayDeque *deque) {\n    return deque->queSize;\n}\n\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nbool empty(ArrayDeque *deque) {\n    return deque->queSize == 0;\n}\n\n/* \u8ba1\u7b97\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15 */\nint dequeIndex(ArrayDeque *deque, int i) {\n    // \u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b9e\u73b0\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5c3e\u76f8\u8fde\n    // \u5f53 i \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u65f6\uff0c\u56de\u5230\u5934\u90e8\n    // \u5f53 i \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u540e\uff0c\u56de\u5230\u5c3e\u90e8\n    return ((i + capacity(deque)) % capacity(deque));\n}\n\n/* \u961f\u9996\u5165\u961f */\nvoid pushFirst(ArrayDeque *deque, int num) {\n    if (deque->queSize == capacity(deque)) {\n        printf(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5df2\u6ee1\\r\\n\");\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\u5411\u5de6\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n    // \u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b9e\u73b0 front \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u56de\u5230\u5c3e\u90e8\n    deque->front = dequeIndex(deque, deque->front - 1);\n    // \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u961f\u9996\n    deque->nums[deque->front] = num;\n    deque->queSize++;\n}\n\n/* \u961f\u5c3e\u5165\u961f */\nvoid pushLast(ArrayDeque *deque, int num) {\n    if (deque->queSize == capacity(deque)) {\n        printf(\"\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5df2\u6ee1\\r\\n\");\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u8ba1\u7b97\u961f\u5c3e\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u5c3e\u7d22\u5f15 + 1\n    int rear = dequeIndex(deque, deque->front + deque->queSize);\n    // \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u5c3e\n    deque->nums[rear] = num;\n    deque->queSize++;\n}\n\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\nint peekFirst(ArrayDeque *deque) {\n    // \u8bbf\u95ee\u5f02\u5e38\uff1a\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\n    assert(empty(deque) == 0);\n    return deque->nums[deque->front];\n}\n\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20 */\nint peekLast(ArrayDeque *deque) {\n    // \u8bbf\u95ee\u5f02\u5e38\uff1a\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\n    assert(empty(deque) == 0);\n    int last = dequeIndex(deque, deque->front + deque->queSize - 1);\n    return deque->nums[last];\n}\n\n/* \u961f\u9996\u51fa\u961f */\nint popFirst(ArrayDeque *deque) {\n    int num = peekFirst(deque);\n    // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\n    deque->front = dequeIndex(deque, deque->front + 1);\n    deque->queSize--;\n    return num;\n}\n\n/* \u961f\u5c3e\u51fa\u961f */\nint popLast(ArrayDeque *deque) {\n    int num = peekLast(deque);\n    deque->queSize--;\n    return num;\n}\n
    array_deque.zig
    [class]{ArrayDeque}-[func]{}\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_stack_and_queue/deque/#533","title":"5.3.3 \u00a0 \u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5e94\u7528","text":"

    \u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u517c\u5177\u6808\u4e0e\u961f\u5217\u7684\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e24\u8005\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u5ea6\u3002

    \u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7684\u201c\u64a4\u9500\u201d\u529f\u80fd\u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u6808\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\uff1a\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c06\u6bcf\u6b21\u66f4\u6539\u64cd\u4f5c push \u5230\u6808\u4e2d\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u901a\u8fc7 pop \u5b9e\u73b0\u64a4\u9500\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8003\u8651\u5230\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u8f6f\u4ef6\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u9650\u5236\u64a4\u9500\u7684\u6b65\u6570\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u4ec5\u5141\u8bb8\u4fdd\u5b58 \\(50\\) \u6b65\uff09\u3002\u5f53\u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u8d85\u8fc7 \\(50\\) \u65f6\uff0c\u8f6f\u4ef6\u9700\u8981\u5728\u6808\u5e95\uff08\u961f\u9996\uff09\u6267\u884c\u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u4f46\u6808\u65e0\u6cd5\u5b9e\u73b0\u8be5\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u6765\u66ff\u4ee3\u6808\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u201c\u64a4\u9500\u201d\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u903b\u8f91\u4ecd\u7136\u9075\u5faa\u6808\u7684\u5148\u5165\u540e\u51fa\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u80fd\u591f\u66f4\u52a0\u7075\u6d3b\u5730\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e00\u4e9b\u989d\u5916\u903b\u8f91\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_stack_and_queue/queue/","title":"5.2 \u00a0 \u961f\u5217","text":"

    \u300c\u961f\u5217 queue\u300d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u9075\u5faa\u5148\u5165\u5148\u51fa\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u7ebf\u6027\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u987e\u540d\u601d\u4e49\uff0c\u961f\u5217\u6a21\u62df\u4e86\u6392\u961f\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u5373\u65b0\u6765\u7684\u4eba\u4e0d\u65ad\u52a0\u5165\u961f\u5217\u5c3e\u90e8\uff0c\u800c\u4f4d\u4e8e\u961f\u5217\u5934\u90e8\u7684\u4eba\u9010\u4e2a\u79bb\u5f00\u3002

    \u5982\u56fe 5-4 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u961f\u5217\u5934\u90e8\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u961f\u9996\u201d\uff0c\u5c3e\u90e8\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u961f\u5c3e\u201d\uff0c\u5c06\u628a\u5143\u7d20\u52a0\u5165\u961f\u5c3e\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u5165\u961f\u201d\uff0c\u5220\u9664\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u51fa\u961f\u201d\u3002

    \u56fe 5-4 \u00a0 \u961f\u5217\u7684\u5148\u5165\u5148\u51fa\u89c4\u5219

    "},{"location":"chapter_stack_and_queue/queue/#521","title":"5.2.1 \u00a0 \u961f\u5217\u5e38\u7528\u64cd\u4f5c","text":"

    \u961f\u5217\u7684\u5e38\u89c1\u64cd\u4f5c\u5982\u8868 5-2 \u6240\u793a\u3002\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u540d\u79f0\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u6b64\u91c7\u7528\u4e0e\u6808\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u547d\u540d\u3002

    \u8868 5-2 \u00a0 \u961f\u5217\u64cd\u4f5c\u6548\u7387

    \u65b9\u6cd5\u540d \u63cf\u8ff0 \u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 push() \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u961f\uff0c\u5373\u5c06\u5143\u7d20\u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u5c3e \\(O(1)\\) pop() \u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f \\(O(1)\\) peek() \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 \\(O(1)\\)

    \u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u73b0\u6210\u7684\u961f\u5217\u7c7b\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig queue.py
    from collections import deque\n\n# \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u961f\u5217\n# \u5728 Python \u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u822c\u5c06\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u7c7b deque \u5f53\u4f5c\u961f\u5217\u4f7f\u7528\n# \u867d\u7136 queue.Queue() \u662f\u7eaf\u6b63\u7684\u961f\u5217\u7c7b\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u592a\u597d\u7528\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u63a8\u8350\nque: deque[int] = deque()\n\n# \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u961f\nque.append(1)\nque.append(3)\nque.append(2)\nque.append(5)\nque.append(4)\n\n# \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\nfront: int = que[0];\n\n# \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f\npop: int = que.popleft()\n\n# \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\nsize: int = len(que)\n\n# \u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a\nis_empty: bool = len(que) == 0\n
    queue.cpp
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u961f\u5217 */\nqueue<int> queue;\n\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u961f */\nqueue.push(1);\nqueue.push(3);\nqueue.push(2);\nqueue.push(5);\nqueue.push(4);\n\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\nint front = queue.front();\n\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f */\nqueue.pop();\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nint size = queue.size();\n\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nbool empty = queue.empty();\n
    queue.java
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u961f\u5217 */\nQueue<Integer> queue = new LinkedList<>();\n\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u961f */\nqueue.offer(1);\nqueue.offer(3);\nqueue.offer(2);\nqueue.offer(5);\nqueue.offer(4);\n\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\nint peek = queue.peek();\n\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f */\nint pop = queue.poll();\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nint size = queue.size();\n\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nboolean isEmpty = queue.isEmpty();\n
    queue.cs
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u961f\u5217 */\nQueue<int> queue = new();\n\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u961f */\nqueue.Enqueue(1);\nqueue.Enqueue(3);\nqueue.Enqueue(2);\nqueue.Enqueue(5);\nqueue.Enqueue(4);\n\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\nint peek = queue.Peek();\n\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f */\nint pop = queue.Dequeue();\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nint size = queue.Count;\n\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nbool isEmpty = queue.Count == 0;\n
    queue_test.go
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u961f\u5217 */\n// \u5728 Go \u4e2d\uff0c\u5c06 list \u4f5c\u4e3a\u961f\u5217\u6765\u4f7f\u7528\nqueue := list.New()\n\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u961f */\nqueue.PushBack(1)\nqueue.PushBack(3)\nqueue.PushBack(2)\nqueue.PushBack(5)\nqueue.PushBack(4)\n\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\npeek := queue.Front()\n\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f */\npop := queue.Front()\nqueue.Remove(pop)\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nsize := queue.Len()\n\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nisEmpty := queue.Len() == 0\n
    queue.swift
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u961f\u5217 */\n// Swift \u6ca1\u6709\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u961f\u5217\u7c7b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a Array \u5f53\u4f5c\u961f\u5217\u6765\u4f7f\u7528\nvar queue: [Int] = []\n\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u961f */\nqueue.append(1)\nqueue.append(3)\nqueue.append(2)\nqueue.append(5)\nqueue.append(4)\n\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\nlet peek = queue.first!\n\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f */\n// \u7531\u4e8e\u662f\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64 removeFirst \u7684\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a O(n)\nlet pool = queue.removeFirst()\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nlet size = queue.count\n\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nlet isEmpty = queue.isEmpty\n
    queue.js
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u961f\u5217 */\n// JavaScript \u6ca1\u6709\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u961f\u5217\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a Array \u5f53\u4f5c\u961f\u5217\u6765\u4f7f\u7528\nconst queue = [];\n\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u961f */\nqueue.push(1);\nqueue.push(3);\nqueue.push(2);\nqueue.push(5);\nqueue.push(4);\n\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\nconst peek = queue[0];\n\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f */\n// \u5e95\u5c42\u662f\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64 shift() \u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a O(n)\nconst pop = queue.shift();\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nconst size = queue.length;\n\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nconst empty = queue.length === 0;\n
    queue.ts
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u961f\u5217 */\n// TypeScript \u6ca1\u6709\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u961f\u5217\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a Array \u5f53\u4f5c\u961f\u5217\u6765\u4f7f\u7528 \nconst queue: number[] = [];\n\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u961f */\nqueue.push(1);\nqueue.push(3);\nqueue.push(2);\nqueue.push(5);\nqueue.push(4);\n\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\nconst peek = queue[0];\n\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f */\n// \u5e95\u5c42\u662f\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64 shift() \u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a O(n)\nconst pop = queue.shift();\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nconst size = queue.length;\n\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nconst empty = queue.length === 0;\n
    queue.dart
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u961f\u5217 */\n// \u5728 Dart \u4e2d\uff0c\u961f\u5217\u7c7b Qeque \u662f\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4f5c\u4e3a\u961f\u5217\u4f7f\u7528\nQueue<int> queue = Queue();\n\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u961f */\nqueue.add(1);\nqueue.add(3);\nqueue.add(2);\nqueue.add(5);\nqueue.add(4);\n\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\nint peek = queue.first;\n\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f */\nint pop = queue.removeFirst();\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nint size = queue.length;\n\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nbool isEmpty = queue.isEmpty;\n
    queue.rs
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217 */\n// \u5728 Rust \u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u4f5c\u4e3a\u666e\u901a\u961f\u5217\u6765\u4f7f\u7528\nlet mut deque: VecDeque<u32> = VecDeque::new();\n\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u961f */\ndeque.push_back(1);\ndeque.push_back(3);\ndeque.push_back(2);\ndeque.push_back(5);\ndeque.push_back(4);\n\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\nif let Some(front) = deque.front() {\n}\n\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u961f */\nif let Some(pop) = deque.pop_front() {\n}\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nlet size = deque.len();\n\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nlet is_empty = deque.is_empty();\n
    queue.c
    // C \u672a\u63d0\u4f9b\u5185\u7f6e\u961f\u5217\n
    queue.zig
    \n
    "},{"location":"chapter_stack_and_queue/queue/#522","title":"5.2.2 \u00a0 \u961f\u5217\u5b9e\u73b0","text":"

    \u4e3a\u4e86\u5b9e\u73b0\u961f\u5217\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e00\u7aef\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u7aef\u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u94fe\u8868\u548c\u6570\u7ec4\u90fd\u7b26\u5408\u8981\u6c42\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_stack_and_queue/queue/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0","text":"

    \u5982\u56fe 5-5 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u201c\u5934\u8282\u70b9\u201d\u548c\u201c\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u201d\u5206\u522b\u89c6\u4e3a\u201c\u961f\u9996\u201d\u548c\u201c\u961f\u5c3e\u201d\uff0c\u89c4\u5b9a\u961f\u5c3e\u4ec5\u53ef\u6dfb\u52a0\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u961f\u9996\u4ec5\u53ef\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u3002

    LinkedListQueuepush()pop()

    \u56fe 5-5 \u00a0 \u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u961f\u5217\u7684\u5165\u961f\u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c

    \u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u7528\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u961f\u5217\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig linkedlist_queue.py
    class LinkedListQueue:\n    \"\"\"\u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u961f\u5217\"\"\"\n\n    def __init__(self):\n        \"\"\"\u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5\"\"\"\n        self._front: ListNode | None = None  # \u5934\u8282\u70b9 front\n        self._rear: ListNode | None = None  # \u5c3e\u8282\u70b9 rear\n        self._size: int = 0\n\n    def size(self) -> int:\n        \"\"\"\u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\"\"\"\n        return self._size\n\n    def is_empty(self) -> bool:\n        \"\"\"\u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a\"\"\"\n        return not self._front\n\n    def push(self, num: int):\n        \"\"\"\u5165\u961f\"\"\"\n        # \u5728\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u6dfb\u52a0 num\n        node = ListNode(num)\n        # \u5982\u679c\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u4ee4\u5934\u3001\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u6307\u5411\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\n        if self._front is None:\n            self._front = node\n            self._rear = node\n        # \u5982\u679c\u961f\u5217\u4e0d\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u540e\n        else:\n            self._rear.next = node\n            self._rear = node\n        self._size += 1\n\n    def pop(self) -> int:\n        \"\"\"\u51fa\u961f\"\"\"\n        num = self.peek()\n        # \u5220\u9664\u5934\u8282\u70b9\n        self._front = self._front.next\n        self._size -= 1\n        return num\n\n    def peek(self) -> int:\n        \"\"\"\u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\"\"\"\n        if self.is_empty():\n            raise IndexError(\"\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\")\n        return self._front.val\n\n    def to_list(self) -> list[int]:\n        \"\"\"\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u5217\u8868\u7528\u4e8e\u6253\u5370\"\"\"\n        queue = []\n        temp = self._front\n        while temp:\n            queue.append(temp.val)\n            temp = temp.next\n        return queue\n
    linkedlist_queue.cpp
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u961f\u5217 */\nclass LinkedListQueue {\n  private:\n    ListNode *front, *rear; // \u5934\u8282\u70b9 front \uff0c\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9 rear\n    int queSize;\n\n  public:\n    LinkedListQueue() {\n        front = nullptr;\n        rear = nullptr;\n        queSize = 0;\n    }\n\n    ~LinkedListQueue() {\n        // \u904d\u5386\u94fe\u8868\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\n        freeMemoryLinkedList(front);\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\n    int size() {\n        return queSize;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\n    bool isEmpty() {\n        return queSize == 0;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5165\u961f */\n    void push(int num) {\n        // \u5728\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u6dfb\u52a0 num\n        ListNode *node = new ListNode(num);\n        // \u5982\u679c\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u4ee4\u5934\u3001\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u6307\u5411\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\n        if (front == nullptr) {\n            front = node;\n            rear = node;\n        }\n        // \u5982\u679c\u961f\u5217\u4e0d\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u540e\n        else {\n            rear->next = node;\n            rear = node;\n        }\n        queSize++;\n    }\n\n    /* \u51fa\u961f */\n    int pop() {\n        int num = peek();\n        // \u5220\u9664\u5934\u8282\u70b9\n        ListNode *tmp = front;\n        front = front->next;\n        // \u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\n        delete tmp;\n        queSize--;\n        return num;\n    }\n\n    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\n    int peek() {\n        if (size() == 0)\n            throw out_of_range(\"\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\");\n        return front->val;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5c06\u94fe\u8868\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a Vector \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de */\n    vector<int> toVector() {\n        ListNode *node = front;\n        vector<int> res(size());\n        for (int i = 0; i < res.size(); i++) {\n            res[i] = node->val;\n            node = node->next;\n        }\n        return res;\n    }\n};\n
    linkedlist_queue.java
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u961f\u5217 */\nclass LinkedListQueue {\n    private ListNode front, rear; // \u5934\u8282\u70b9 front \uff0c\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9 rear\n    private int queSize = 0;\n\n    public LinkedListQueue() {\n        front = null;\n        rear = null;\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\n    public int size() {\n        return queSize;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\n    public boolean isEmpty() {\n        return size() == 0;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5165\u961f */\n    public void push(int num) {\n        // \u5728\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u6dfb\u52a0 num\n        ListNode node = new ListNode(num);\n        // \u5982\u679c\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u4ee4\u5934\u3001\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u6307\u5411\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\n        if (front == null) {\n            front = node;\n            rear = node;\n        // \u5982\u679c\u961f\u5217\u4e0d\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u540e\n        } else {\n            rear.next = node;\n            rear = node;\n        }\n        queSize++;\n    }\n\n    /* \u51fa\u961f */\n    public int pop() {\n        int num = peek();\n        // \u5220\u9664\u5934\u8282\u70b9\n        front = front.next;\n        queSize--;\n        return num;\n    }\n\n    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\n    public int peek() {\n        if (isEmpty())\n            throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();\n        return front.val;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5c06\u94fe\u8868\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a Array \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de */\n    public int[] toArray() {\n        ListNode node = front;\n        int[] res = new int[size()];\n        for (int i = 0; i < res.length; i++) {\n            res[i] = node.val;\n            node = node.next;\n        }\n        return res;\n    }\n}\n
    linkedlist_queue.cs
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u961f\u5217 */\nclass LinkedListQueue {\n    ListNode? front, rear;  // \u5934\u8282\u70b9 front \uff0c\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9 rear \n    int queSize = 0;\n\n    public LinkedListQueue() {\n        front = null;\n        rear = null;\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\n    public int Size() {\n        return queSize;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\n    public bool IsEmpty() {\n        return Size() == 0;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5165\u961f */\n    public void Push(int num) {\n        // \u5728\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u6dfb\u52a0 num\n        ListNode node = new(num);\n        // \u5982\u679c\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u4ee4\u5934\u3001\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u6307\u5411\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\n        if (front == null) {\n            front = node;\n            rear = node;\n            // \u5982\u679c\u961f\u5217\u4e0d\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u540e\n        } else if (rear != null) {\n            rear.next = node;\n            rear = node;\n        }\n        queSize++;\n    }\n\n    /* \u51fa\u961f */\n    public int Pop() {\n        int num = Peek();\n        // \u5220\u9664\u5934\u8282\u70b9\n        front = front?.next;\n        queSize--;\n        return num;\n    }\n\n    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\n    public int Peek() {\n        if (IsEmpty())\n            throw new Exception();\n        return front!.val;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5c06\u94fe\u8868\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a Array \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de */\n    public int[] ToArray() {\n        if (front == null)\n            return [];\n\n        ListNode? node = front;\n        int[] res = new int[Size()];\n        for (int i = 0; i < res.Length; i++) {\n            res[i] = node!.val;\n            node = node.next;\n        }\n        return res;\n    }\n}\n
    linkedlist_queue.go
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u961f\u5217 */\ntype linkedListQueue struct {\n    // \u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u7f6e\u5305 list \u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u961f\u5217\n    data *list.List\n}\n\n/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u961f\u5217 */\nfunc newLinkedListQueue() *linkedListQueue {\n    return &linkedListQueue{\n        data: list.New(),\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u5165\u961f */\nfunc (s *linkedListQueue) push(value any) {\n    s.data.PushBack(value)\n}\n\n/* \u51fa\u961f */\nfunc (s *linkedListQueue) pop() any {\n    if s.isEmpty() {\n        return nil\n    }\n    e := s.data.Front()\n    s.data.Remove(e)\n    return e.Value\n}\n\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunc (s *linkedListQueue) peek() any {\n    if s.isEmpty() {\n        return nil\n    }\n    e := s.data.Front()\n    return e.Value\n}\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nfunc (s *linkedListQueue) size() int {\n    return s.data.Len()\n}\n\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nfunc (s *linkedListQueue) isEmpty() bool {\n    return s.data.Len() == 0\n}\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6 List \u7528\u4e8e\u6253\u5370 */\nfunc (s *linkedListQueue) toList() *list.List {\n    return s.data\n}\n
    linkedlist_queue.swift
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u961f\u5217 */\nclass LinkedListQueue {\n    private var front: ListNode? // \u5934\u8282\u70b9\n    private var rear: ListNode? // \u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\n    private var _size = 0\n\n    init() {}\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\n    func size() -> Int {\n        _size\n    }\n\n    /* \u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\n    func isEmpty() -> Bool {\n        size() == 0\n    }\n\n    /* \u5165\u961f */\n    func push(num: Int) {\n        // \u5728\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u6dfb\u52a0 num\n        let node = ListNode(x: num)\n        // \u5982\u679c\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u4ee4\u5934\u3001\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u6307\u5411\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\n        if front == nil {\n            front = node\n            rear = node\n        }\n        // \u5982\u679c\u961f\u5217\u4e0d\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u540e\n        else {\n            rear?.next = node\n            rear = node\n        }\n        _size += 1\n    }\n\n    /* \u51fa\u961f */\n    @discardableResult\n    func pop() -> Int {\n        let num = peek()\n        // \u5220\u9664\u5934\u8282\u70b9\n        front = front?.next\n        _size -= 1\n        return num\n    }\n\n    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\n    func peek() -> Int {\n        if isEmpty() {\n            fatalError(\"\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\")\n        }\n        return front!.val\n    }\n\n    /* \u5c06\u94fe\u8868\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a Array \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de */\n    func toArray() -> [Int] {\n        var node = front\n        var res = Array(repeating: 0, count: size())\n        for i in res.indices {\n            res[i] = node!.val\n            node = node?.next\n        }\n        return res\n    }\n}\n
    linkedlist_queue.js
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u961f\u5217 */\nclass LinkedListQueue {\n    #front; // \u5934\u8282\u70b9 #front\n    #rear; // \u5c3e\u8282\u70b9 #rear\n    #queSize = 0;\n\n    constructor() {\n        this.#front = null;\n        this.#rear = null;\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\n    get size() {\n        return this.#queSize;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\n    isEmpty() {\n        return this.size === 0;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5165\u961f */\n    push(num) {\n        // \u5728\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u6dfb\u52a0 num\n        const node = new ListNode(num);\n        // \u5982\u679c\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u4ee4\u5934\u3001\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u6307\u5411\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\n        if (!this.#front) {\n            this.#front = node;\n            this.#rear = node;\n            // \u5982\u679c\u961f\u5217\u4e0d\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u540e\n        } else {\n            this.#rear.next = node;\n            this.#rear = node;\n        }\n        this.#queSize++;\n    }\n\n    /* \u51fa\u961f */\n    pop() {\n        const num = this.peek();\n        // \u5220\u9664\u5934\u8282\u70b9\n        this.#front = this.#front.next;\n        this.#queSize--;\n        return num;\n    }\n\n    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\n    peek() {\n        if (this.size === 0) throw new Error('\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a');\n        return this.#front.val;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5c06\u94fe\u8868\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a Array \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de */\n    toArray() {\n        let node = this.#front;\n        const res = new Array(this.size);\n        for (let i = 0; i < res.length; i++) {\n            res[i] = node.val;\n            node = node.next;\n        }\n        return res;\n    }\n}\n
    linkedlist_queue.ts
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u961f\u5217 */\nclass LinkedListQueue {\n    private front: ListNode | null; // \u5934\u8282\u70b9 front\n    private rear: ListNode | null; // \u5c3e\u8282\u70b9 rear\n    private queSize: number = 0;\n\n    constructor() {\n        this.front = null;\n        this.rear = null;\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\n    get size(): number {\n        return this.queSize;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\n    isEmpty(): boolean {\n        return this.size === 0;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5165\u961f */\n    push(num: number): void {\n        // \u5728\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u6dfb\u52a0 num\n        const node = new ListNode(num);\n        // \u5982\u679c\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u4ee4\u5934\u3001\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u6307\u5411\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\n        if (!this.front) {\n            this.front = node;\n            this.rear = node;\n            // \u5982\u679c\u961f\u5217\u4e0d\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u540e\n        } else {\n            this.rear!.next = node;\n            this.rear = node;\n        }\n        this.queSize++;\n    }\n\n    /* \u51fa\u961f */\n    pop(): number {\n        const num = this.peek();\n        if (!this.front) throw new Error('\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a');\n        // \u5220\u9664\u5934\u8282\u70b9\n        this.front = this.front.next;\n        this.queSize--;\n        return num;\n    }\n\n    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\n    peek(): number {\n        if (this.size === 0) throw new Error('\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a');\n        return this.front!.val;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5c06\u94fe\u8868\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a Array \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de */\n    toArray(): number[] {\n        let node = this.front;\n        const res = new Array<number>(this.size);\n        for (let i = 0; i < res.length; i++) {\n            res[i] = node!.val;\n            node = node!.next;\n        }\n        return res;\n    }\n}\n
    linkedlist_queue.dart
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u961f\u5217 */\nclass LinkedListQueue {\n  ListNode? _front; // \u5934\u8282\u70b9 _front\n  ListNode? _rear; // \u5c3e\u8282\u70b9 _rear\n  int _queSize = 0; // \u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\n\n  LinkedListQueue() {\n    _front = null;\n    _rear = null;\n  }\n\n  /* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\n  int size() {\n    return _queSize;\n  }\n\n  /* \u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\n  bool isEmpty() {\n    return _queSize == 0;\n  }\n\n  /* \u5165\u961f */\n  void push(int _num) {\n    // \u5728\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u6dfb\u52a0 _num\n    final node = ListNode(_num);\n    // \u5982\u679c\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u4ee4\u5934\u3001\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u6307\u5411\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\n    if (_front == null) {\n      _front = node;\n      _rear = node;\n    } else {\n      // \u5982\u679c\u961f\u5217\u4e0d\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u540e\n      _rear!.next = node;\n      _rear = node;\n    }\n    _queSize++;\n  }\n\n  /* \u51fa\u961f */\n  int pop() {\n    final int _num = peek();\n    // \u5220\u9664\u5934\u8282\u70b9\n    _front = _front!.next;\n    _queSize--;\n    return _num;\n  }\n\n  /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\n  int peek() {\n    if (_queSize == 0) {\n      throw Exception('\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a');\n    }\n    return _front!.val;\n  }\n\n  /* \u5c06\u94fe\u8868\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a Array \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de */\n  List<int> toArray() {\n    ListNode? node = _front;\n    final List<int> queue = [];\n    while (node != null) {\n      queue.add(node.val);\n      node = node.next;\n    }\n    return queue;\n  }\n}\n
    linkedlist_queue.rs
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u961f\u5217 */\n#[allow(dead_code)]\npub struct LinkedListQueue<T> {\n    front: Option<Rc<RefCell<ListNode<T>>>>,    // \u5934\u8282\u70b9 front\n    rear: Option<Rc<RefCell<ListNode<T>>>>,     // \u5c3e\u8282\u70b9 rear \n    que_size: usize,                            // \u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\n}\n\nimpl<T: Copy> LinkedListQueue<T> {\n    pub fn new() -> Self {\n        Self {\n            front: None,\n            rear: None,\n            que_size: 0, \n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\n    pub fn size(&self) -> usize {\n        return self.que_size;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\n    pub fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {\n        return self.size() == 0;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5165\u961f */\n    pub fn push(&mut self, num: T) {\n        // \u5728\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u6dfb\u52a0 num\n        let new_rear = ListNode::new(num);\n        match self.rear.take() {\n            // \u5982\u679c\u961f\u5217\u4e0d\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u540e\n            Some(old_rear) => {\n                old_rear.borrow_mut().next = Some(new_rear.clone());\n                self.rear = Some(new_rear);\n            }\n            // \u5982\u679c\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u4ee4\u5934\u3001\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u6307\u5411\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\n            None => {\n                self.front = Some(new_rear.clone());\n                self.rear = Some(new_rear);\n            }\n        }\n        self.que_size += 1;\n    }\n\n    /* \u51fa\u961f */\n    pub fn pop(&mut self) -> Option<T> {\n        self.front.take().map(|old_front| {\n            match old_front.borrow_mut().next.take() {\n                Some(new_front) => {\n                    self.front = Some(new_front);\n                }\n                None => {\n                    self.rear.take();\n                }\n            }\n            self.que_size -= 1;\n            Rc::try_unwrap(old_front).ok().unwrap().into_inner().val\n        })\n    }\n\n    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\n    pub fn peek(&self) -> Option<&Rc<RefCell<ListNode<T>>>> {\n        self.front.as_ref()\n    }\n\n    /* \u5c06\u94fe\u8868\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a Array \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de */\n    pub fn to_array(&self, head: Option<&Rc<RefCell<ListNode<T>>>>) -> Vec<T> {\n        if let Some(node) = head {\n            let mut nums = self.to_array(node.borrow().next.as_ref());\n            nums.insert(0, node.borrow().val);\n            return nums;\n        }\n        return Vec::new();\n    }\n}\n
    linkedlist_queue.c
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u961f\u5217 */\ntypedef struct {\n    ListNode *front, *rear;\n    int queSize;\n} LinkedListQueue;\n\n/* \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570 */\nLinkedListQueue *newLinkedListQueue() {\n    LinkedListQueue *queue = (LinkedListQueue *)malloc(sizeof(LinkedListQueue));\n    queue->front = NULL;\n    queue->rear = NULL;\n    queue->queSize = 0;\n    return queue;\n}\n\n/* \u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570 */\nvoid delLinkedListQueue(LinkedListQueue *queue) {\n    // \u91ca\u653e\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\n    for (int i = 0; i < queue->queSize && queue->front != NULL; i++) {\n        ListNode *tmp = queue->front;\n        queue->front = queue->front->next;\n        free(tmp);\n    }\n    // \u91ca\u653e queue \u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\n    free(queue);\n}\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nint size(LinkedListQueue *queue) {\n    return queue->queSize;\n}\n\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nbool empty(LinkedListQueue *queue) {\n    return (size(queue) == 0);\n}\n\n/* \u5165\u961f */\nvoid push(LinkedListQueue *queue, int num) {\n    // \u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u5904\u6dfb\u52a0 node\n    ListNode *node = newListNode(num);\n    // \u5982\u679c\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u4ee4\u5934\u3001\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u6307\u5411\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\n    if (queue->front == NULL) {\n        queue->front = node;\n        queue->rear = node;\n    }\n    // \u5982\u679c\u961f\u5217\u4e0d\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u540e\n    else {\n        queue->rear->next = node;\n        queue->rear = node;\n    }\n    queue->queSize++;\n}\n\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\nint peek(LinkedListQueue *queue) {\n    assert(size(queue) && queue->front);\n    return queue->front->val;\n}\n\n/* \u51fa\u961f */\nint pop(LinkedListQueue *queue) {\n    int num = peek(queue);\n    ListNode *tmp = queue->front;\n    queue->front = queue->front->next;\n    free(tmp);\n    queue->queSize--;\n    return num;\n}\n\n/* \u6253\u5370\u961f\u5217 */\nvoid printLinkedListQueue(LinkedListQueue *queue) {\n    int *arr = malloc(sizeof(int) * queue->queSize);\n    // \u62f7\u8d1d\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5230\u6570\u7ec4\n    int i;\n    ListNode *node;\n    for (i = 0, node = queue->front; i < queue->queSize; i++) {\n        arr[i] = node->val;\n        node = node->next;\n    }\n    printArray(arr, queue->queSize);\n    free(arr);\n}\n
    linkedlist_queue.zig
    // \u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u961f\u5217\nfn LinkedListQueue(comptime T: type) type {\n    return struct {\n        const Self = @This();\n\n        front: ?*inc.ListNode(T) = null,                // \u5934\u8282\u70b9 front\n        rear: ?*inc.ListNode(T) = null,                 // \u5c3e\u8282\u70b9 rear\n        que_size: usize = 0,                            // \u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\n        mem_arena: ?std.heap.ArenaAllocator = null,\n        mem_allocator: std.mem.Allocator = undefined,   // \u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u5668\n\n        // \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\uff08\u5206\u914d\u5185\u5b58+\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u961f\u5217\uff09\n        pub fn init(self: *Self, allocator: std.mem.Allocator) !void {\n            if (self.mem_arena == null) {\n                self.mem_arena = std.heap.ArenaAllocator.init(allocator);\n                self.mem_allocator = self.mem_arena.?.allocator();\n            }\n            self.front = null;\n            self.rear = null;\n            self.que_size = 0;\n        }\n\n        // \u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\uff08\u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\uff09\n        pub fn deinit(self: *Self) void {\n            if (self.mem_arena == null) return;\n            self.mem_arena.?.deinit();\n        }\n\n        // \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\n        pub fn size(self: *Self) usize {\n            return self.que_size;\n        }\n\n        // \u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a\n        pub fn isEmpty(self: *Self) bool {\n            return self.size() == 0;\n        }\n\n        // \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\n        pub fn peek(self: *Self) T {\n            if (self.size() == 0) @panic(\"\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\");\n            return self.front.?.val;\n        }  \n\n        // \u5165\u961f\n        pub fn push(self: *Self, num: T) !void {\n            // \u5728\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u6dfb\u52a0 num\n            var node = try self.mem_allocator.create(inc.ListNode(T));\n            node.init(num);\n            // \u5982\u679c\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u4ee4\u5934\u3001\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u6307\u5411\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\n            if (self.front == null) {\n                self.front = node;\n                self.rear = node;\n            // \u5982\u679c\u961f\u5217\u4e0d\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u540e\n            } else {\n                self.rear.?.next = node;\n                self.rear = node;\n            }\n            self.que_size += 1;\n        } \n\n        // \u51fa\u961f\n        pub fn pop(self: *Self) T {\n            var num = self.peek();\n            // \u5220\u9664\u5934\u8282\u70b9\n            self.front = self.front.?.next;\n            self.que_size -= 1;\n            return num;\n        } \n\n        // \u5c06\u94fe\u8868\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\n        pub fn toArray(self: *Self) ![]T {\n            var node = self.front;\n            var res = try self.mem_allocator.alloc(T, self.size());\n            @memset(res, @as(T, 0));\n            var i: usize = 0;\n            while (i < res.len) : (i += 1) {\n                res[i] = node.?.val;\n                node = node.?.next;\n            }\n            return res;\n        }\n    };\n}\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_stack_and_queue/queue/#2","title":"2. \u00a0 \u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0","text":"

    \u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n)\\) \uff0c\u8fd9\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\u6548\u7387\u8f83\u4f4e\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u91c7\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5de7\u5999\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u907f\u514d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002

    \u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf front \u6307\u5411\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u5e76\u7ef4\u62a4\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf size \u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\u3002\u5b9a\u4e49 rear = front + size \uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u516c\u5f0f\u8ba1\u7b97\u51fa\u7684 rear \u6307\u5411\u961f\u5c3e\u5143\u7d20\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002

    \u57fa\u4e8e\u6b64\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6709\u6548\u533a\u95f4\u4e3a [front, rear - 1]\uff0c\u5404\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u6cd5\u5982\u56fe 5-6 \u6240\u793a\u3002

    • \u5165\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a\u5c06\u8f93\u5165\u5143\u7d20\u8d4b\u503c\u7ed9 rear \u7d22\u5f15\u5904\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06 size \u589e\u52a0 1 \u3002
    • \u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a\u53ea\u9700\u5c06 front \u589e\u52a0 1 \uff0c\u5e76\u5c06 size \u51cf\u5c11 1 \u3002

    \u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u5165\u961f\u548c\u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\u90fd\u53ea\u9700\u8fdb\u884c\u4e00\u6b21\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5747\u4e3a \\(O(1)\\) \u3002

    ArrayQueuepush()pop()

    \u56fe 5-6 \u00a0 \u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u961f\u5217\u7684\u5165\u961f\u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c

    \u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u8fdb\u884c\u5165\u961f\u548c\u51fa\u961f\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0cfront \u548c rear \u90fd\u5728\u5411\u53f3\u79fb\u52a8\uff0c\u5f53\u5b83\u4eec\u5230\u8fbe\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u65f6\u5c31\u65e0\u6cd5\u7ee7\u7eed\u79fb\u52a8\u4e86\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u6b64\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u89c6\u4e3a\u9996\u5c3e\u76f8\u63a5\u7684\u201c\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u201d\u3002

    \u5bf9\u4e8e\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u8ba9 front \u6216 rear \u5728\u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u65f6\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u56de\u5230\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\u7ee7\u7eed\u904d\u5386\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5468\u671f\u6027\u89c4\u5f8b\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\u201d\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig array_queue.py
    class ArrayQueue:\n    \"\"\"\u57fa\u4e8e\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u961f\u5217\"\"\"\n\n    def __init__(self, size: int):\n        \"\"\"\u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5\"\"\"\n        self._nums: list[int] = [0] * size  # \u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u961f\u5217\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\n        self._front: int = 0  # \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\n        self._size: int = 0  # \u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\n\n    def capacity(self) -> int:\n        \"\"\"\u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf\"\"\"\n        return len(self._nums)\n\n    def size(self) -> int:\n        \"\"\"\u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\"\"\"\n        return self._size\n\n    def is_empty(self) -> bool:\n        \"\"\"\u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a\"\"\"\n        return self._size == 0\n\n    def push(self, num: int):\n        \"\"\"\u5165\u961f\"\"\"\n        if self._size == self.capacity():\n            raise IndexError(\"\u961f\u5217\u5df2\u6ee1\")\n        # \u8ba1\u7b97\u961f\u5c3e\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u5c3e\u7d22\u5f15 + 1\n        # \u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b9e\u73b0 rear \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u540e\u56de\u5230\u5934\u90e8\n        rear: int = (self._front + self._size) % self.capacity()\n        # \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u5c3e\n        self._nums[rear] = num\n        self._size += 1\n\n    def pop(self) -> int:\n        \"\"\"\u51fa\u961f\"\"\"\n        num: int = self.peek()\n        # \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\uff0c\u82e5\u8d8a\u8fc7\u5c3e\u90e8\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5230\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\n        self._front = (self._front + 1) % self.capacity()\n        self._size -= 1\n        return num\n\n    def peek(self) -> int:\n        \"\"\"\u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\"\"\"\n        if self.is_empty():\n            raise IndexError(\"\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\")\n        return self._nums[self._front]\n\n    def to_list(self) -> list[int]:\n        \"\"\"\u8fd4\u56de\u5217\u8868\u7528\u4e8e\u6253\u5370\"\"\"\n        res = [0] * self.size()\n        j: int = self._front\n        for i in range(self.size()):\n            res[i] = self._nums[(j % self.capacity())]\n            j += 1\n        return res\n
    array_queue.cpp
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u961f\u5217 */\nclass ArrayQueue {\n  private:\n    int *nums;       // \u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u961f\u5217\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\n    int front;       // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\n    int queSize;     // \u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\n    int queCapacity; // \u961f\u5217\u5bb9\u91cf\n\n  public:\n    ArrayQueue(int capacity) {\n        // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4\n        nums = new int[capacity];\n        queCapacity = capacity;\n        front = queSize = 0;\n    }\n\n    ~ArrayQueue() {\n        delete[] nums;\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf */\n    int capacity() {\n        return queCapacity;\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\n    int size() {\n        return queSize;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\n    bool isEmpty() {\n        return size() == 0;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5165\u961f */\n    void push(int num) {\n        if (queSize == queCapacity) {\n            cout << \"\u961f\u5217\u5df2\u6ee1\" << endl;\n            return;\n        }\n        // \u8ba1\u7b97\u961f\u5c3e\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u5c3e\u7d22\u5f15 + 1\n        // \u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b9e\u73b0 rear \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u540e\u56de\u5230\u5934\u90e8\n        int rear = (front + queSize) % queCapacity;\n        // \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u5c3e\n        nums[rear] = num;\n        queSize++;\n    }\n\n    /* \u51fa\u961f */\n    int pop() {\n        int num = peek();\n        // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\uff0c\u82e5\u8d8a\u8fc7\u5c3e\u90e8\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5230\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\n        front = (front + 1) % queCapacity;\n        queSize--;\n        return num;\n    }\n\n    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\n    int peek() {\n        if (isEmpty())\n            throw out_of_range(\"\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\");\n        return nums[front];\n    }\n\n    /* \u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a Vector \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de */\n    vector<int> toVector() {\n        // \u4ec5\u8f6c\u6362\u6709\u6548\u957f\u5ea6\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\n        vector<int> arr(queSize);\n        for (int i = 0, j = front; i < queSize; i++, j++) {\n            arr[i] = nums[j % queCapacity];\n        }\n        return arr;\n    }\n};\n
    array_queue.java
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u961f\u5217 */\nclass ArrayQueue {\n    private int[] nums; // \u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u961f\u5217\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\n    private int front; // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\n    private int queSize; // \u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\n\n    public ArrayQueue(int capacity) {\n        nums = new int[capacity];\n        front = queSize = 0;\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf */\n    public int capacity() {\n        return nums.length;\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\n    public int size() {\n        return queSize;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\n    public boolean isEmpty() {\n        return queSize == 0;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5165\u961f */\n    public void push(int num) {\n        if (queSize == capacity()) {\n            System.out.println(\"\u961f\u5217\u5df2\u6ee1\");\n            return;\n        }\n        // \u8ba1\u7b97\u961f\u5c3e\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u5c3e\u7d22\u5f15 + 1\n        // \u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b9e\u73b0 rear \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u540e\u56de\u5230\u5934\u90e8\n        int rear = (front + queSize) % capacity();\n        // \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u5c3e\n        nums[rear] = num;\n        queSize++;\n    }\n\n    /* \u51fa\u961f */\n    public int pop() {\n        int num = peek();\n        // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\uff0c\u82e5\u8d8a\u8fc7\u5c3e\u90e8\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5230\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\n        front = (front + 1) % capacity();\n        queSize--;\n        return num;\n    }\n\n    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\n    public int peek() {\n        if (isEmpty())\n            throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();\n        return nums[front];\n    }\n\n    /* \u8fd4\u56de\u6570\u7ec4 */\n    public int[] toArray() {\n        // \u4ec5\u8f6c\u6362\u6709\u6548\u957f\u5ea6\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\n        int[] res = new int[queSize];\n        for (int i = 0, j = front; i < queSize; i++, j++) {\n            res[i] = nums[j % capacity()];\n        }\n        return res;\n    }\n}\n
    array_queue.cs
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u961f\u5217 */\nclass ArrayQueue {\n    int[] nums;  // \u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u961f\u5217\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\n    int front;   // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\n    int queSize; // \u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\n\n    public ArrayQueue(int capacity) {\n        nums = new int[capacity];\n        front = queSize = 0;\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf */\n    int Capacity() {\n        return nums.Length;\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\n    public int Size() {\n        return queSize;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\n    public bool IsEmpty() {\n        return queSize == 0;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5165\u961f */\n    public void Push(int num) {\n        if (queSize == Capacity()) {\n            Console.WriteLine(\"\u961f\u5217\u5df2\u6ee1\");\n            return;\n        }\n        // \u8ba1\u7b97\u961f\u5c3e\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u5c3e\u7d22\u5f15 + 1\n        // \u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b9e\u73b0 rear \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u540e\u56de\u5230\u5934\u90e8\n        int rear = (front + queSize) % Capacity();\n        // \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u5c3e\n        nums[rear] = num;\n        queSize++;\n    }\n\n    /* \u51fa\u961f */\n    public int Pop() {\n        int num = Peek();\n        // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\uff0c\u82e5\u8d8a\u8fc7\u5c3e\u90e8\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5230\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\n        front = (front + 1) % Capacity();\n        queSize--;\n        return num;\n    }\n\n    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\n    public int Peek() {\n        if (IsEmpty())\n            throw new Exception();\n        return nums[front];\n    }\n\n    /* \u8fd4\u56de\u6570\u7ec4 */\n    public int[] ToArray() {\n        // \u4ec5\u8f6c\u6362\u6709\u6548\u957f\u5ea6\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\n        int[] res = new int[queSize];\n        for (int i = 0, j = front; i < queSize; i++, j++) {\n            res[i] = nums[j % this.Capacity()];\n        }\n        return res;\n    }\n}\n
    array_queue.go
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u961f\u5217 */\ntype arrayQueue struct {\n    nums        []int // \u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u961f\u5217\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\n    front       int   // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\n    queSize     int   // \u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\n    queCapacity int   // \u961f\u5217\u5bb9\u91cf\uff08\u5373\u6700\u5927\u5bb9\u7eb3\u5143\u7d20\u6570\u91cf\uff09\n}\n\n/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u961f\u5217 */\nfunc newArrayQueue(queCapacity int) *arrayQueue {\n    return &arrayQueue{\n        nums:        make([]int, queCapacity),\n        queCapacity: queCapacity,\n        front:       0,\n        queSize:     0,\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nfunc (q *arrayQueue) size() int {\n    return q.queSize\n}\n\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nfunc (q *arrayQueue) isEmpty() bool {\n    return q.queSize == 0\n}\n\n/* \u5165\u961f */\nfunc (q *arrayQueue) push(num int) {\n    // \u5f53 rear == queCapacity \u8868\u793a\u961f\u5217\u5df2\u6ee1\n    if q.queSize == q.queCapacity {\n        return\n    }\n    // \u8ba1\u7b97\u961f\u5c3e\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u5c3e\u7d22\u5f15 + 1\n    // \u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b9e\u73b0 rear \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u540e\u56de\u5230\u5934\u90e8\n    rear := (q.front + q.queSize) % q.queCapacity\n    // \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u5c3e\n    q.nums[rear] = num\n    q.queSize++\n}\n\n/* \u51fa\u961f */\nfunc (q *arrayQueue) pop() any {\n    num := q.peek()\n    // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\uff0c\u82e5\u8d8a\u8fc7\u5c3e\u90e8\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5230\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\n    q.front = (q.front + 1) % q.queCapacity\n    q.queSize--\n    return num\n}\n\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunc (q *arrayQueue) peek() any {\n    if q.isEmpty() {\n        return nil\n    }\n    return q.nums[q.front]\n}\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6 Slice \u7528\u4e8e\u6253\u5370 */\nfunc (q *arrayQueue) toSlice() []int {\n    rear := (q.front + q.queSize)\n    if rear >= q.queCapacity {\n        rear %= q.queCapacity\n        return append(q.nums[q.front:], q.nums[:rear]...)\n    }\n    return q.nums[q.front:rear]\n}\n
    array_queue.swift
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u961f\u5217 */\nclass ArrayQueue {\n    private var nums: [Int] // \u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u961f\u5217\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\n    private var front = 0 // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\n    private var queSize = 0 // \u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\n\n    init(capacity: Int) {\n        // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4\n        nums = Array(repeating: 0, count: capacity)\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf */\n    func capacity() -> Int {\n        nums.count\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\n    func size() -> Int {\n        queSize\n    }\n\n    /* \u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\n    func isEmpty() -> Bool {\n        queSize == 0\n    }\n\n    /* \u5165\u961f */\n    func push(num: Int) {\n        if size() == capacity() {\n            print(\"\u961f\u5217\u5df2\u6ee1\")\n            return\n        }\n        // \u8ba1\u7b97\u961f\u5c3e\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u5c3e\u7d22\u5f15 + 1\n        // \u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b9e\u73b0 rear \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u540e\u56de\u5230\u5934\u90e8\n        let rear = (front + queSize) % capacity()\n        // \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u5c3e\n        nums[rear] = num\n        queSize += 1\n    }\n\n    /* \u51fa\u961f */\n    @discardableResult\n    func pop() -> Int {\n        let num = peek()\n        // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\uff0c\u82e5\u8d8a\u8fc7\u5c3e\u90e8\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5230\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\n        front = (front + 1) % capacity()\n        queSize -= 1\n        return num\n    }\n\n    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\n    func peek() -> Int {\n        if isEmpty() {\n            fatalError(\"\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\")\n        }\n        return nums[front]\n    }\n\n    /* \u8fd4\u56de\u6570\u7ec4 */\n    func toArray() -> [Int] {\n        // \u4ec5\u8f6c\u6362\u6709\u6548\u957f\u5ea6\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\n        var res = Array(repeating: 0, count: queSize)\n        for (i, j) in sequence(first: (0, front), next: { $0 < self.queSize - 1 ? ($0 + 1, $1 + 1) : nil }) {\n            res[i] = nums[j % capacity()]\n        }\n        return res\n    }\n}\n
    array_queue.js
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u961f\u5217 */\nclass ArrayQueue {\n    #nums; // \u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u961f\u5217\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\n    #front = 0; // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\n    #queSize = 0; // \u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\n\n    constructor(capacity) {\n        this.#nums = new Array(capacity);\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf */\n    get capacity() {\n        return this.#nums.length;\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\n    get size() {\n        return this.#queSize;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\n    isEmpty() {\n        return this.#queSize === 0;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5165\u961f */\n    push(num) {\n        if (this.size === this.capacity) {\n            console.log('\u961f\u5217\u5df2\u6ee1');\n            return;\n        }\n        // \u8ba1\u7b97\u961f\u5c3e\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u5c3e\u7d22\u5f15 + 1\n        // \u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b9e\u73b0 rear \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u540e\u56de\u5230\u5934\u90e8\n        const rear = (this.#front + this.size) % this.capacity;\n        // \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u5c3e\n        this.#nums[rear] = num;\n        this.#queSize++;\n    }\n\n    /* \u51fa\u961f */\n    pop() {\n        const num = this.peek();\n        // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\uff0c\u82e5\u8d8a\u8fc7\u5c3e\u90e8\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5230\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\n        this.#front = (this.#front + 1) % this.capacity;\n        this.#queSize--;\n        return num;\n    }\n\n    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\n    peek() {\n        if (this.isEmpty()) throw new Error('\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a');\n        return this.#nums[this.#front];\n    }\n\n    /* \u8fd4\u56de Array */\n    toArray() {\n        // \u4ec5\u8f6c\u6362\u6709\u6548\u957f\u5ea6\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\n        const arr = new Array(this.size);\n        for (let i = 0, j = this.#front; i < this.size; i++, j++) {\n            arr[i] = this.#nums[j % this.capacity];\n        }\n        return arr;\n    }\n}\n
    array_queue.ts
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u961f\u5217 */\nclass ArrayQueue {\n    private nums: number[]; // \u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u961f\u5217\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\n    private front: number; // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\n    private queSize: number; // \u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\n\n    constructor(capacity: number) {\n        this.nums = new Array(capacity);\n        this.front = this.queSize = 0;\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf */\n    get capacity(): number {\n        return this.nums.length;\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\n    get size(): number {\n        return this.queSize;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\n    isEmpty(): boolean {\n        return this.queSize === 0;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5165\u961f */\n    push(num: number): void {\n        if (this.size === this.capacity) {\n            console.log('\u961f\u5217\u5df2\u6ee1');\n            return;\n        }\n        // \u8ba1\u7b97\u961f\u5c3e\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u5c3e\u7d22\u5f15 + 1\n        // \u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b9e\u73b0 rear \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u540e\u56de\u5230\u5934\u90e8\n        const rear = (this.front + this.queSize) % this.capacity;\n        // \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u5c3e\n        this.nums[rear] = num;\n        this.queSize++;\n    }\n\n    /* \u51fa\u961f */\n    pop(): number {\n        const num = this.peek();\n        // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\uff0c\u82e5\u8d8a\u8fc7\u5c3e\u90e8\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5230\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\n        this.front = (this.front + 1) % this.capacity;\n        this.queSize--;\n        return num;\n    }\n\n    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\n    peek(): number {\n        if (this.isEmpty()) throw new Error('\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a');\n        return this.nums[this.front];\n    }\n\n    /* \u8fd4\u56de Array */\n    toArray(): number[] {\n        // \u4ec5\u8f6c\u6362\u6709\u6548\u957f\u5ea6\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\n        const arr = new Array(this.size);\n        for (let i = 0, j = this.front; i < this.size; i++, j++) {\n            arr[i] = this.nums[j % this.capacity];\n        }\n        return arr;\n    }\n}\n
    array_queue.dart
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u961f\u5217 */\nclass ArrayQueue {\n  late List<int> _nums; // \u7528\u4e8e\u50a8\u5b58\u961f\u5217\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\n  late int _front; // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\n  late int _queSize; // \u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\n\n  ArrayQueue(int capacity) {\n    _nums = List.filled(capacity, 0);\n    _front = _queSize = 0;\n  }\n\n  /* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf */\n  int capaCity() {\n    return _nums.length;\n  }\n\n  /* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\n  int size() {\n    return _queSize;\n  }\n\n  /* \u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\n  bool isEmpty() {\n    return _queSize == 0;\n  }\n\n  /* \u5165\u961f */\n  void push(int _num) {\n    if (_queSize == capaCity()) {\n      throw Exception(\"\u961f\u5217\u5df2\u6ee1\");\n    }\n    // \u8ba1\u7b97\u961f\u5c3e\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u5c3e\u7d22\u5f15 + 1\n    // \u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b9e\u73b0 rear \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u540e\u56de\u5230\u5934\u90e8\n    int rear = (_front + _queSize) % capaCity();\n    // \u5c06 _num \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u5c3e\n    _nums[rear] = _num;\n    _queSize++;\n  }\n\n  /* \u51fa\u961f */\n  int pop() {\n    int _num = peek();\n    // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\uff0c\u82e5\u8d8a\u8fc7\u5c3e\u90e8\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5230\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\n    _front = (_front + 1) % capaCity();\n    _queSize--;\n    return _num;\n  }\n\n  /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\n  int peek() {\n    if (isEmpty()) {\n      throw Exception(\"\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\");\n    }\n    return _nums[_front];\n  }\n\n  /* \u8fd4\u56de Array */\n  List<int> toArray() {\n    // \u4ec5\u8f6c\u6362\u6709\u6548\u957f\u5ea6\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\n    final List<int> res = List.filled(_queSize, 0);\n    for (int i = 0, j = _front; i < _queSize; i++, j++) {\n      res[i] = _nums[j % capaCity()];\n    }\n    return res;\n  }\n}\n
    array_queue.rs
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u961f\u5217 */\nstruct ArrayQueue {\n    nums: Vec<i32>,     // \u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u961f\u5217\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\n    front: i32,         // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\n    que_size: i32,      // \u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\n    que_capacity: i32,  // \u961f\u5217\u5bb9\u91cf\n}\n\nimpl ArrayQueue {\n    /* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\n    fn new(capacity: i32) -> ArrayQueue {\n        ArrayQueue {\n            nums: vec![0; capacity as usize],\n            front: 0,\n            que_size: 0,\n            que_capacity: capacity,\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf */\n    fn capacity(&self) -> i32 {\n        self.que_capacity\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\n    fn size(&self) -> i32 {\n        self.que_size\n    }\n\n    /* \u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\n    fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {\n        self.que_size == 0\n    }\n\n    /* \u5165\u961f */\n    fn push(&mut self, num: i32) {\n        if self.que_size == self.capacity() {\n            println!(\"\u961f\u5217\u5df2\u6ee1\");\n            return;\n        }\n        // \u8ba1\u7b97\u961f\u5c3e\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u5c3e\u7d22\u5f15 + 1\n        // \u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b9e\u73b0 rear \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u540e\u56de\u5230\u5934\u90e8\n        let rear = (self.front + self.que_size) % self.que_capacity;\n        // \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u5c3e\n        self.nums[rear as usize] = num;\n        self.que_size += 1;\n    }\n\n    /* \u51fa\u961f */\n    fn pop(&mut self) -> i32 {\n        let num = self.peek();\n        // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\uff0c\u82e5\u8d8a\u8fc7\u5c3e\u90e8\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5230\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\n        self.front = (self.front + 1) % self.que_capacity;\n        self.que_size -= 1;\n        num\n    }\n\n    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\n    fn peek(&self) -> i32 {\n        if self.is_empty() {\n            panic!(\"index out of bounds\");\n        }\n        self.nums[self.front as usize]\n    }\n\n    /* \u8fd4\u56de\u6570\u7ec4 */\n    fn to_vector(&self) -> Vec<i32> {\n        let cap = self.que_capacity;\n        let mut j = self.front;\n        let mut arr = vec![0; self.que_size as usize];\n        for i in 0..self.que_size {\n            arr[i as usize] = self.nums[(j % cap) as usize];\n            j += 1;\n        }\n        arr\n    }\n}\n
    array_queue.c
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u961f\u5217 */\ntypedef struct {\n    int *nums;       // \u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u961f\u5217\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\n    int front;       // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\n    int queSize;     // \u5c3e\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u5c3e + 1\n    int queCapacity; // \u961f\u5217\u5bb9\u91cf\n} ArrayQueue;\n\n/* \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570 */\nArrayQueue *newArrayQueue(int capacity) {\n    ArrayQueue *queue = (ArrayQueue *)malloc(sizeof(ArrayQueue));\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4\n    queue->queCapacity = capacity;\n    queue->nums = (int *)malloc(sizeof(int) * queue->queCapacity);\n    queue->front = queue->queSize = 0;\n    return queue;\n}\n\n/* \u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570 */\nvoid delArrayQueue(ArrayQueue *queue) {\n    free(queue->nums);\n    free(queue);\n}\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf */\nint capacity(ArrayQueue *queue) {\n    return queue->queCapacity;\n}\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nint size(ArrayQueue *queue) {\n    return queue->queSize;\n}\n\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nbool empty(ArrayQueue *queue) {\n    return queue->queSize == 0;\n}\n\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20 */\nint peek(ArrayQueue *queue) {\n    assert(size(queue) != 0);\n    return queue->nums[queue->front];\n}\n\n/* \u5165\u961f */\nvoid push(ArrayQueue *queue, int num) {\n    if (size(queue) == capacity(queue)) {\n        printf(\"\u961f\u5217\u5df2\u6ee1\\r\\n\");\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u8ba1\u7b97\u961f\u5c3e\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u5c3e\u7d22\u5f15 + 1\n    // \u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b9e\u73b0 rear \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u540e\u56de\u5230\u5934\u90e8\n    int rear = (queue->front + queue->queSize) % queue->queCapacity;\n    // \u5c06 num \u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u961f\u5c3e\n    queue->nums[rear] = num;\n    queue->queSize++;\n}\n\n/* \u51fa\u961f */\nint pop(ArrayQueue *queue) {\n    int num = peek(queue);\n    // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\uff0c\u82e5\u8d8a\u8fc7\u5c3e\u90e8\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5230\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\n    queue->front = (queue->front + 1) % queue->queCapacity;\n    queue->queSize--;\n    return num;\n}\n
    array_queue.zig
    // \u57fa\u4e8e\u73af\u5f62\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u961f\u5217\nfn ArrayQueue(comptime T: type) type {\n    return struct {\n        const Self = @This();\n\n        nums: []T = undefined,                          // \u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u961f\u5217\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6570\u7ec4     \n        cap: usize = 0,                                 // \u961f\u5217\u5bb9\u91cf\n        front: usize = 0,                               // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\n        queSize: usize = 0,                             // \u5c3e\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u5c3e + 1\n        mem_arena: ?std.heap.ArenaAllocator = null,\n        mem_allocator: std.mem.Allocator = undefined,   // \u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u5668\n\n        // \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\uff08\u5206\u914d\u5185\u5b58+\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u7ec4\uff09\n        pub fn init(self: *Self, allocator: std.mem.Allocator, cap: usize) !void {\n            if (self.mem_arena == null) {\n                self.mem_arena = std.heap.ArenaAllocator.init(allocator);\n                self.mem_allocator = self.mem_arena.?.allocator();\n            }\n            self.cap = cap;\n            self.nums = try self.mem_allocator.alloc(T, self.cap);\n            @memset(self.nums, @as(T, 0));\n        }\n\n        // \u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\uff08\u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\uff09\n        pub fn deinit(self: *Self) void {\n            if (self.mem_arena == null) return;\n            self.mem_arena.?.deinit();\n        }\n\n        // \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf\n        pub fn capacity(self: *Self) usize {\n            return self.cap;\n        }\n\n        // \u83b7\u53d6\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\n        pub fn size(self: *Self) usize {\n            return self.queSize;\n        }\n\n        // \u5224\u65ad\u961f\u5217\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a\n        pub fn isEmpty(self: *Self) bool {\n            return self.queSize == 0;\n        }\n\n        // \u5165\u961f\n        pub fn push(self: *Self, num: T) !void {\n            if (self.size() == self.capacity()) {\n                std.debug.print(\"\u961f\u5217\u5df2\u6ee1\\n\", .{});\n                return;\n            }\n            // \u8ba1\u7b97\u961f\u5c3e\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u961f\u5c3e\u7d22\u5f15 + 1\n            // \u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u4f59\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b9e\u73b0 rear \u8d8a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u540e\u56de\u5230\u5934\u90e8\n            var rear = (self.front + self.queSize) % self.capacity();\n            // \u5728\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u6dfb\u52a0 num\n            self.nums[rear] = num;\n            self.queSize += 1;\n        } \n\n        // \u51fa\u961f\n        pub fn pop(self: *Self) T {\n            var num = self.peek();\n            // \u961f\u9996\u6307\u9488\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4f4d\uff0c\u82e5\u8d8a\u8fc7\u5c3e\u90e8\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5230\u6570\u7ec4\u5934\u90e8\n            self.front = (self.front + 1) % self.capacity();\n            self.queSize -= 1;\n            return num;\n        } \n\n        // \u8bbf\u95ee\u961f\u9996\u5143\u7d20\n        pub fn peek(self: *Self) T {\n            if (self.isEmpty()) @panic(\"\u961f\u5217\u4e3a\u7a7a\");\n            return self.nums[self.front];\n        } \n\n        // \u8fd4\u56de\u6570\u7ec4\n        pub fn toArray(self: *Self) ![]T {\n            // \u4ec5\u8f6c\u6362\u6709\u6548\u957f\u5ea6\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\n            var res = try self.mem_allocator.alloc(T, self.size());\n            @memset(res, @as(T, 0));\n            var i: usize = 0;\n            var j: usize = self.front;\n            while (i < self.size()) : ({ i += 1; j += 1; }) {\n                res[i] = self.nums[j % self.capacity()];\n            }\n            return res;\n        }\n    };\n}\n

    \u4ee5\u4e0a\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u961f\u5217\u4ecd\u7136\u5177\u6709\u5c40\u9650\u6027\uff1a\u5176\u957f\u5ea6\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u4e0d\u96be\u89e3\u51b3\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u52a8\u6001\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f15\u5165\u6269\u5bb9\u673a\u5236\u3002\u6709\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u8bfb\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c1d\u8bd5\u81ea\u884c\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002

    \u4e24\u79cd\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u5bf9\u6bd4\u7ed3\u8bba\u4e0e\u6808\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u4e0d\u518d\u8d58\u8ff0\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_stack_and_queue/queue/#523","title":"5.2.3 \u00a0 \u961f\u5217\u5178\u578b\u5e94\u7528","text":"
    • \u6dd8\u5b9d\u8ba2\u5355\u3002\u8d2d\u7269\u8005\u4e0b\u5355\u540e\uff0c\u8ba2\u5355\u5c06\u52a0\u5165\u961f\u5217\u4e2d\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u968f\u540e\u4f1a\u6839\u636e\u987a\u5e8f\u5904\u7406\u961f\u5217\u4e2d\u7684\u8ba2\u5355\u3002\u5728\u53cc\u5341\u4e00\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u77ed\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u6d77\u91cf\u8ba2\u5355\uff0c\u9ad8\u5e76\u53d1\u6210\u4e3a\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u70b9\u653b\u514b\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002
    • \u5404\u7c7b\u5f85\u529e\u4e8b\u9879\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u9700\u8981\u5b9e\u73b0\u201c\u5148\u6765\u540e\u5230\u201d\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6253\u5370\u673a\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u961f\u5217\u3001\u9910\u5385\u7684\u51fa\u9910\u961f\u5217\u7b49\uff0c\u961f\u5217\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u5730\u7ef4\u62a4\u5904\u7406\u987a\u5e8f\u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_stack_and_queue/stack/","title":"5.1 \u00a0 \u6808","text":"

    \u300c\u6808 stack\u300d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u9075\u5faa\u5148\u5165\u540e\u51fa\u903b\u8f91\u7684\u7ebf\u6027\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u3002

    \u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u6808\u7c7b\u6bd4\u4e3a\u684c\u9762\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u645e\u76d8\u5b50\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u53d6\u51fa\u5e95\u90e8\u7684\u76d8\u5b50\uff0c\u5219\u9700\u8981\u5148\u5c06\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u76d8\u5b50\u4f9d\u6b21\u79fb\u8d70\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u76d8\u5b50\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u5404\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff08\u5982\u6574\u6570\u3001\u5b57\u7b26\u3001\u5bf9\u8c61\u7b49\uff09\uff0c\u5c31\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u6808\u8fd9\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u3002

    \u5982\u56fe 5-1 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u5806\u53e0\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u9876\u90e8\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u6808\u9876\u201d\uff0c\u5e95\u90e8\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u6808\u5e95\u201d\u3002\u5c06\u628a\u5143\u7d20\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u6808\u9876\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u53eb\u4f5c\u201c\u5165\u6808\u201d\uff0c\u5220\u9664\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u53eb\u4f5c\u201c\u51fa\u6808\u201d\u3002

    \u56fe 5-1 \u00a0 \u6808\u7684\u5148\u5165\u540e\u51fa\u89c4\u5219

    "},{"location":"chapter_stack_and_queue/stack/#511","title":"5.1.1 \u00a0 \u6808\u7684\u5e38\u7528\u64cd\u4f5c","text":"

    \u6808\u7684\u5e38\u7528\u64cd\u4f5c\u5982\u8868 5-1 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u540d\u9700\u8981\u6839\u636e\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u6765\u786e\u5b9a\u3002\u5728\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4ee5\u5e38\u89c1\u7684 push()\u3001pop()\u3001peek() \u547d\u540d\u4e3a\u4f8b\u3002

    \u8868 5-1 \u00a0 \u6808\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u6548\u7387

    \u65b9\u6cd5 \u63cf\u8ff0 \u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 push() \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u6808\uff08\u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3\u6808\u9876\uff09 \\(O(1)\\) pop() \u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u6808 \\(O(1)\\) peek() \u8bbf\u95ee\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20 \\(O(1)\\)

    \u901a\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u6808\u7c7b\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u67d0\u4e9b\u8bed\u8a00\u53ef\u80fd\u6ca1\u6709\u4e13\u95e8\u63d0\u4f9b\u6808\u7c7b\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u8be5\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u201c\u6570\u7ec4\u201d\u6216\u201c\u94fe\u8868\u201d\u5f53\u4f5c\u6808\u6765\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u903b\u8f91\u4e0a\u5ffd\u7565\u4e0e\u6808\u65e0\u5173\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig stack.py
    # \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6808\n# Python \u6ca1\u6709\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u6808\u7c7b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a list \u5f53\u4f5c\u6808\u6765\u4f7f\u7528 \nstack: list[int] = []\n\n# \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u6808\nstack.append(1)\nstack.append(3)\nstack.append(2)\nstack.append(5)\nstack.append(4)\n\n# \u8bbf\u95ee\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20\npeek: int = stack[-1]\n\n# \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u6808\npop: int = stack.pop()\n\n# \u83b7\u53d6\u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\nsize: int = len(stack)\n\n# \u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a\nis_empty: bool = len(stack) == 0\n
    stack.cpp
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6808 */\nstack<int> stack;\n\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u6808 */\nstack.push(1);\nstack.push(3);\nstack.push(2);\nstack.push(5);\nstack.push(4);\n\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\nint top = stack.top();\n\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u6808 */\nstack.pop(); // \u65e0\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nint size = stack.size();\n\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nbool empty = stack.empty();\n
    stack.java
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6808 */\nStack<Integer> stack = new Stack<>();\n\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u6808 */\nstack.push(1);\nstack.push(3);\nstack.push(2);\nstack.push(5);\nstack.push(4);\n\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\nint peek = stack.peek();\n\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u6808 */\nint pop = stack.pop();\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nint size = stack.size();\n\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nboolean isEmpty = stack.isEmpty();\n
    stack.cs
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6808 */\nStack<int> stack = new();\n\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u6808 */\nstack.Push(1);\nstack.Push(3);\nstack.Push(2);\nstack.Push(5);\nstack.Push(4);\n\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\nint peek = stack.Peek();\n\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u6808 */\nint pop = stack.Pop();\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nint size = stack.Count;\n\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nbool isEmpty = stack.Count == 0;\n
    stack_test.go
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6808 */\n// \u5728 Go \u4e2d\uff0c\u63a8\u8350\u5c06 Slice \u5f53\u4f5c\u6808\u6765\u4f7f\u7528\nvar stack []int\n\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u6808 */\nstack = append(stack, 1)\nstack = append(stack, 3)\nstack = append(stack, 2)\nstack = append(stack, 5)\nstack = append(stack, 4)\n\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\npeek := stack[len(stack)-1]\n\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u6808 */\npop := stack[len(stack)-1]\nstack = stack[:len(stack)-1]\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nsize := len(stack)\n\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nisEmpty := len(stack) == 0\n
    stack.swift
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6808 */\n// Swift \u6ca1\u6709\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u6808\u7c7b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a Array \u5f53\u4f5c\u6808\u6765\u4f7f\u7528\nvar stack: [Int] = []\n\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u6808 */\nstack.append(1)\nstack.append(3)\nstack.append(2)\nstack.append(5)\nstack.append(4)\n\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\nlet peek = stack.last!\n\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u6808 */\nlet pop = stack.removeLast()\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nlet size = stack.count\n\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nlet isEmpty = stack.isEmpty\n
    stack.js
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6808 */\n// Javascript \u6ca1\u6709\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u6808\u7c7b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a Array \u5f53\u4f5c\u6808\u6765\u4f7f\u7528 \nconst stack = [];\n\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u6808 */\nstack.push(1);\nstack.push(3);\nstack.push(2);\nstack.push(5);\nstack.push(4);\n\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\nconst peek = stack[stack.length-1];\n\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u6808 */\nconst pop = stack.pop();\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nconst size = stack.length;\n\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nconst is_empty = stack.length === 0;\n
    stack.ts
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6808 */\n// Typescript \u6ca1\u6709\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u6808\u7c7b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a Array \u5f53\u4f5c\u6808\u6765\u4f7f\u7528 \nconst stack: number[] = [];\n\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u6808 */\nstack.push(1);\nstack.push(3);\nstack.push(2);\nstack.push(5);\nstack.push(4);\n\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\nconst peek = stack[stack.length - 1];\n\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u6808 */\nconst pop = stack.pop();\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nconst size = stack.length;\n\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nconst is_empty = stack.length === 0;\n
    stack.dart
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6808 */\n// Dart \u6ca1\u6709\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u6808\u7c7b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a List \u5f53\u4f5c\u6808\u6765\u4f7f\u7528\nList<int> stack = [];\n\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u6808 */\nstack.add(1);\nstack.add(3);\nstack.add(2);\nstack.add(5);\nstack.add(4);\n\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\nint peek = stack.last;\n\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u6808 */\nint pop = stack.removeLast();\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nint size = stack.length;\n\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nbool isEmpty = stack.isEmpty;\n
    stack.rs
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6808 */\n// \u628a Vec \u5f53\u4f5c\u6808\u6765\u4f7f\u7528\nlet mut stack: Vec<i32> = Vec::new();\n\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u5165\u6808 */\nstack.push(1);\nstack.push(3);\nstack.push(2);\nstack.push(5);\nstack.push(4);\n\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\nlet top = stack.last().unwrap();\n\n/* \u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u6808 */\nlet pop = stack.pop().unwrap();\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nlet size = stack.len();\n\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nlet is_empty = stack.is_empty();\n
    stack.c
    // C \u672a\u63d0\u4f9b\u5185\u7f6e\u6808\n
    stack.zig
    \n
    "},{"location":"chapter_stack_and_queue/stack/#512","title":"5.1.2 \u00a0 \u6808\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0","text":"

    \u4e3a\u4e86\u6df1\u5165\u4e86\u89e3\u6808\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u5c1d\u8bd5\u81ea\u5df1\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u6808\u7c7b\u3002

    \u6808\u9075\u5faa\u5148\u5165\u540e\u51fa\u7684\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u80fd\u5728\u6808\u9876\u6dfb\u52a0\u6216\u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u94fe\u8868\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4efb\u610f\u4f4d\u7f6e\u6dfb\u52a0\u548c\u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6808\u53ef\u4ee5\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u53d7\u9650\u5236\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u6216\u94fe\u8868\u3002\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u201c\u5c4f\u853d\u201d\u6570\u7ec4\u6216\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u65e0\u5173\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u5bf9\u5916\u8868\u73b0\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u7b26\u5408\u6808\u7684\u7279\u6027\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_stack_and_queue/stack/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0","text":"

    \u4f7f\u7528\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u6808\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u5934\u8282\u70b9\u89c6\u4e3a\u6808\u9876\uff0c\u5c3e\u8282\u70b9\u89c6\u4e3a\u6808\u5e95\u3002

    \u5982\u56fe 5-2 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5165\u6808\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u9700\u5c06\u5143\u7d20\u63d2\u5165\u94fe\u8868\u5934\u90e8\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u8282\u70b9\u63d2\u5165\u65b9\u6cd5\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u5934\u63d2\u6cd5\u201d\u3002\u800c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u51fa\u6808\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u5c06\u5934\u8282\u70b9\u4ece\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u5373\u53ef\u3002

    LinkedListStackpush()pop()

    \u56fe 5-2 \u00a0 \u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u6808\u7684\u5165\u6808\u51fa\u6808\u64cd\u4f5c

    \u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u6808\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig linkedlist_stack.py
    class LinkedListStack:\n    \"\"\"\u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6808\"\"\"\n\n    def __init__(self):\n        \"\"\"\u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5\"\"\"\n        self._peek: ListNode | None = None\n        self._size: int = 0\n\n    def size(self) -> int:\n        \"\"\"\u83b7\u53d6\u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\"\"\"\n        return self._size\n\n    def is_empty(self) -> bool:\n        \"\"\"\u5224\u65ad\u6808\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a\"\"\"\n        return not self._peek\n\n    def push(self, val: int):\n        \"\"\"\u5165\u6808\"\"\"\n        node = ListNode(val)\n        node.next = self._peek\n        self._peek = node\n        self._size += 1\n\n    def pop(self) -> int:\n        \"\"\"\u51fa\u6808\"\"\"\n        num = self.peek()\n        self._peek = self._peek.next\n        self._size -= 1\n        return num\n\n    def peek(self) -> int:\n        \"\"\"\u8bbf\u95ee\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20\"\"\"\n        if self.is_empty():\n            raise IndexError(\"\u6808\u4e3a\u7a7a\")\n        return self._peek.val\n\n    def to_list(self) -> list[int]:\n        \"\"\"\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u5217\u8868\u7528\u4e8e\u6253\u5370\"\"\"\n        arr = []\n        node = self._peek\n        while node:\n            arr.append(node.val)\n            node = node.next\n        arr.reverse()\n        return arr\n
    linkedlist_stack.cpp
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6808 */\nclass LinkedListStack {\n  private:\n    ListNode *stackTop; // \u5c06\u5934\u8282\u70b9\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6808\u9876\n    int stkSize;        // \u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\n\n  public:\n    LinkedListStack() {\n        stackTop = nullptr;\n        stkSize = 0;\n    }\n\n    ~LinkedListStack() {\n        // \u904d\u5386\u94fe\u8868\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\n        freeMemoryLinkedList(stackTop);\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\n    int size() {\n        return stkSize;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5224\u65ad\u6808\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\n    bool isEmpty() {\n        return size() == 0;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5165\u6808 */\n    void push(int num) {\n        ListNode *node = new ListNode(num);\n        node->next = stackTop;\n        stackTop = node;\n        stkSize++;\n    }\n\n    /* \u51fa\u6808 */\n    int pop() {\n        int num = top();\n        ListNode *tmp = stackTop;\n        stackTop = stackTop->next;\n        // \u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\n        delete tmp;\n        stkSize--;\n        return num;\n    }\n\n    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\n    int top() {\n        if (isEmpty())\n            throw out_of_range(\"\u6808\u4e3a\u7a7a\");\n        return stackTop->val;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5c06 List \u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a Array \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de */\n    vector<int> toVector() {\n        ListNode *node = stackTop;\n        vector<int> res(size());\n        for (int i = res.size() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {\n            res[i] = node->val;\n            node = node->next;\n        }\n        return res;\n    }\n};\n
    linkedlist_stack.java
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6808 */\nclass LinkedListStack {\n    private ListNode stackPeek; // \u5c06\u5934\u8282\u70b9\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6808\u9876\n    private int stkSize = 0; // \u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\n\n    public LinkedListStack() {\n        stackPeek = null;\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\n    public int size() {\n        return stkSize;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5224\u65ad\u6808\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\n    public boolean isEmpty() {\n        return size() == 0;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5165\u6808 */\n    public void push(int num) {\n        ListNode node = new ListNode(num);\n        node.next = stackPeek;\n        stackPeek = node;\n        stkSize++;\n    }\n\n    /* \u51fa\u6808 */\n    public int pop() {\n        int num = peek();\n        stackPeek = stackPeek.next;\n        stkSize--;\n        return num;\n    }\n\n    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\n    public int peek() {\n        if (isEmpty())\n            throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();\n        return stackPeek.val;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5c06 List \u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a Array \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de */\n    public int[] toArray() {\n        ListNode node = stackPeek;\n        int[] res = new int[size()];\n        for (int i = res.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {\n            res[i] = node.val;\n            node = node.next;\n        }\n        return res;\n    }\n}\n
    linkedlist_stack.cs
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6808 */\nclass LinkedListStack {\n    ListNode? stackPeek;  // \u5c06\u5934\u8282\u70b9\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6808\u9876\n    int stkSize = 0;   // \u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\n\n    public LinkedListStack() {\n        stackPeek = null;\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\n    public int Size() {\n        return stkSize;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5224\u65ad\u6808\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\n    public bool IsEmpty() {\n        return Size() == 0;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5165\u6808 */\n    public void Push(int num) {\n        ListNode node = new(num) {\n            next = stackPeek\n        };\n        stackPeek = node;\n        stkSize++;\n    }\n\n    /* \u51fa\u6808 */\n    public int Pop() {\n        int num = Peek();\n        stackPeek = stackPeek!.next;\n        stkSize--;\n        return num;\n    }\n\n    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\n    public int Peek() {\n        if (IsEmpty())\n            throw new Exception();\n        return stackPeek!.val;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5c06 List \u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a Array \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de */\n    public int[] ToArray() {\n        if (stackPeek == null)\n            return [];\n\n        ListNode? node = stackPeek;\n        int[] res = new int[Size()];\n        for (int i = res.Length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {\n            res[i] = node!.val;\n            node = node.next;\n        }\n        return res;\n    }\n}\n
    linkedlist_stack.go
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6808 */\ntype linkedListStack struct {\n    // \u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u7f6e\u5305 list \u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u6808\n    data *list.List\n}\n\n/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6808 */\nfunc newLinkedListStack() *linkedListStack {\n    return &linkedListStack{\n        data: list.New(),\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u5165\u6808 */\nfunc (s *linkedListStack) push(value int) {\n    s.data.PushBack(value)\n}\n\n/* \u51fa\u6808 */\nfunc (s *linkedListStack) pop() any {\n    if s.isEmpty() {\n        return nil\n    }\n    e := s.data.Back()\n    s.data.Remove(e)\n    return e.Value\n}\n\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunc (s *linkedListStack) peek() any {\n    if s.isEmpty() {\n        return nil\n    }\n    e := s.data.Back()\n    return e.Value\n}\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nfunc (s *linkedListStack) size() int {\n    return s.data.Len()\n}\n\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u6808\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nfunc (s *linkedListStack) isEmpty() bool {\n    return s.data.Len() == 0\n}\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6 List \u7528\u4e8e\u6253\u5370 */\nfunc (s *linkedListStack) toList() *list.List {\n    return s.data\n}\n
    linkedlist_stack.swift
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6808 */\nclass LinkedListStack {\n    private var _peek: ListNode? // \u5c06\u5934\u8282\u70b9\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6808\u9876\n    private var _size = 0 // \u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\n\n    init() {}\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\n    func size() -> Int {\n        _size\n    }\n\n    /* \u5224\u65ad\u6808\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\n    func isEmpty() -> Bool {\n        size() == 0\n    }\n\n    /* \u5165\u6808 */\n    func push(num: Int) {\n        let node = ListNode(x: num)\n        node.next = _peek\n        _peek = node\n        _size += 1\n    }\n\n    /* \u51fa\u6808 */\n    @discardableResult\n    func pop() -> Int {\n        let num = peek()\n        _peek = _peek?.next\n        _size -= 1\n        return num\n    }\n\n    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\n    func peek() -> Int {\n        if isEmpty() {\n            fatalError(\"\u6808\u4e3a\u7a7a\")\n        }\n        return _peek!.val\n    }\n\n    /* \u5c06 List \u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a Array \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de */\n    func toArray() -> [Int] {\n        var node = _peek\n        var res = Array(repeating: 0, count: _size)\n        for i in sequence(first: res.count - 1, next: { $0 >= 0 + 1 ? $0 - 1 : nil }) {\n            res[i] = node!.val\n            node = node?.next\n        }\n        return res\n    }\n}\n
    linkedlist_stack.js
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6808 */\nclass LinkedListStack {\n    #stackPeek; // \u5c06\u5934\u8282\u70b9\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6808\u9876\n    #stkSize = 0; // \u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\n\n    constructor() {\n        this.#stackPeek = null;\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\n    get size() {\n        return this.#stkSize;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5224\u65ad\u6808\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\n    isEmpty() {\n        return this.size === 0;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5165\u6808 */\n    push(num) {\n        const node = new ListNode(num);\n        node.next = this.#stackPeek;\n        this.#stackPeek = node;\n        this.#stkSize++;\n    }\n\n    /* \u51fa\u6808 */\n    pop() {\n        const num = this.peek();\n        this.#stackPeek = this.#stackPeek.next;\n        this.#stkSize--;\n        return num;\n    }\n\n    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\n    peek() {\n        if (!this.#stackPeek) throw new Error('\u6808\u4e3a\u7a7a');\n        return this.#stackPeek.val;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5c06\u94fe\u8868\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a Array \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de */\n    toArray() {\n        let node = this.#stackPeek;\n        const res = new Array(this.size);\n        for (let i = res.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {\n            res[i] = node.val;\n            node = node.next;\n        }\n        return res;\n    }\n}\n
    linkedlist_stack.ts
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6808 */\nclass LinkedListStack {\n    private stackPeek: ListNode | null; // \u5c06\u5934\u8282\u70b9\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6808\u9876\n    private stkSize: number = 0; // \u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\n\n    constructor() {\n        this.stackPeek = null;\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\n    get size(): number {\n        return this.stkSize;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5224\u65ad\u6808\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\n    isEmpty(): boolean {\n        return this.size === 0;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5165\u6808 */\n    push(num: number): void {\n        const node = new ListNode(num);\n        node.next = this.stackPeek;\n        this.stackPeek = node;\n        this.stkSize++;\n    }\n\n    /* \u51fa\u6808 */\n    pop(): number {\n        const num = this.peek();\n        if (!this.stackPeek) throw new Error('\u6808\u4e3a\u7a7a');\n        this.stackPeek = this.stackPeek.next;\n        this.stkSize--;\n        return num;\n    }\n\n    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\n    peek(): number {\n        if (!this.stackPeek) throw new Error('\u6808\u4e3a\u7a7a');\n        return this.stackPeek.val;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5c06\u94fe\u8868\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a Array \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de */\n    toArray(): number[] {\n        let node = this.stackPeek;\n        const res = new Array<number>(this.size);\n        for (let i = res.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {\n            res[i] = node!.val;\n            node = node!.next;\n        }\n        return res;\n    }\n}\n
    linkedlist_stack.dart
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u7c7b\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6808 */\nclass LinkedListStack {\n  ListNode? _stackPeek; // \u5c06\u5934\u8282\u70b9\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6808\u9876\n  int _stkSize = 0; // \u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\n\n  LinkedListStack() {\n    _stackPeek = null;\n  }\n\n  /* \u83b7\u53d6\u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\n  int size() {\n    return _stkSize;\n  }\n\n  /* \u5224\u65ad\u6808\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\n  bool isEmpty() {\n    return _stkSize == 0;\n  }\n\n  /* \u5165\u6808 */\n  void push(int _num) {\n    final ListNode node = ListNode(_num);\n    node.next = _stackPeek;\n    _stackPeek = node;\n    _stkSize++;\n  }\n\n  /* \u51fa\u6808 */\n  int pop() {\n    final int _num = peek();\n    _stackPeek = _stackPeek!.next;\n    _stkSize--;\n    return _num;\n  }\n\n  /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\n  int peek() {\n    if (_stackPeek == null) {\n      throw Exception(\"\u6808\u4e3a\u7a7a\");\n    }\n    return _stackPeek!.val;\n  }\n\n  /* \u5c06\u94fe\u8868\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a List \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de */\n  List<int> toList() {\n    ListNode? node = _stackPeek;\n    List<int> list = [];\n    while (node != null) {\n      list.add(node.val);\n      node = node.next;\n    }\n    list = list.reversed.toList();\n    return list;\n  }\n}\n
    linkedlist_stack.rs
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6808 */\n#[allow(dead_code)]\npub struct LinkedListStack<T> {\n    stack_peek: Option<Rc<RefCell<ListNode<T>>>>,   // \u5c06\u5934\u8282\u70b9\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6808\u9876\n    stk_size: usize,                                // \u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\n}\n\nimpl<T: Copy> LinkedListStack<T> {\n    pub fn new() -> Self {\n        Self {\n            stack_peek: None,\n            stk_size: 0,\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\n    pub fn size(&self) -> usize {\n        return self.stk_size;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5224\u65ad\u6808\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\n    pub fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {\n        return self.size() == 0;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5165\u6808 */\n    pub fn push(&mut self, num: T) {\n        let node = ListNode::new(num);\n        node.borrow_mut().next = self.stack_peek.take();\n        self.stack_peek = Some(node);\n        self.stk_size += 1;\n    }\n\n    /* \u51fa\u6808 */\n    pub fn pop(&mut self) -> Option<T> {\n        self.stack_peek.take().map(|old_head| {\n            match old_head.borrow_mut().next.take() {\n                Some(new_head) => {\n                    self.stack_peek = Some(new_head);\n                }\n                None => {\n                    self.stack_peek = None;\n                }\n            }\n            self.stk_size -= 1;\n            Rc::try_unwrap(old_head).ok().unwrap().into_inner().val\n        })\n    }\n\n    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\n    pub fn peek(&self) -> Option<&Rc<RefCell<ListNode<T>>>> {\n        self.stack_peek.as_ref()\n    }\n\n    /* \u5c06 List \u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a Array \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de */\n    pub fn to_array(&self, head: Option<&Rc<RefCell<ListNode<T>>>>) -> Vec<T> {\n        if let Some(node) = head {\n            let mut nums = self.to_array(node.borrow().next.as_ref());\n            nums.push(node.borrow().val);\n            return nums;\n        }\n        return Vec::new();\n    }\n}\n
    linkedlist_stack.c
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6808 */\ntypedef struct {\n    ListNode *top; // \u5c06\u5934\u8282\u70b9\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6808\u9876\n    int size;      // \u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\n} LinkedListStack;\n\n/* \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570 */\nLinkedListStack *newLinkedListStack() {\n    LinkedListStack *s = malloc(sizeof(LinkedListStack));\n    s->top = NULL;\n    s->size = 0;\n    return s;\n}\n\n/* \u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570 */\nvoid delLinkedListStack(LinkedListStack *s) {\n    while (s->top) {\n        ListNode *n = s->top->next;\n        free(s->top);\n        s->top = n;\n    }\n    free(s);\n}\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nint size(LinkedListStack *s) {\n    return s->size;\n}\n\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u6808\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nbool isEmpty(LinkedListStack *s) {\n    return size(s) == 0;\n}\n\n/* \u5165\u6808 */\nvoid push(LinkedListStack *s, int num) {\n    ListNode *node = (ListNode *)malloc(sizeof(ListNode));\n    node->next = s->top; // \u66f4\u65b0\u65b0\u52a0\u8282\u70b9\u6307\u9488\u57df\n    node->val = num;     // \u66f4\u65b0\u65b0\u52a0\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u636e\u57df\n    s->top = node;       // \u66f4\u65b0\u6808\u9876\n    s->size++;           // \u66f4\u65b0\u6808\u5927\u5c0f\n}\n\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\nint peek(LinkedListStack *s) {\n    if (s->size == 0) {\n        printf(\"\u6808\u4e3a\u7a7a\\n\");\n        return INT_MAX;\n    }\n    return s->top->val;\n}\n\n/* \u51fa\u6808 */\nint pop(LinkedListStack *s) {\n    int val = peek(s);\n    ListNode *tmp = s->top;\n    s->top = s->top->next;\n    // \u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\n    free(tmp);\n    s->size--;\n    return val;\n}\n
    linkedlist_stack.zig
    // \u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6808\nfn LinkedListStack(comptime T: type) type {\n    return struct {\n        const Self = @This();\n\n        stack_top: ?*inc.ListNode(T) = null,             // \u5c06\u5934\u8282\u70b9\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6808\u9876\n        stk_size: usize = 0,                             // \u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\n        mem_arena: ?std.heap.ArenaAllocator = null,\n        mem_allocator: std.mem.Allocator = undefined,    // \u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u5668\n\n        // \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\uff08\u5206\u914d\u5185\u5b58+\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6808\uff09\n        pub fn init(self: *Self, allocator: std.mem.Allocator) !void {\n            if (self.mem_arena == null) {\n                self.mem_arena = std.heap.ArenaAllocator.init(allocator);\n                self.mem_allocator = self.mem_arena.?.allocator();\n            }\n            self.stack_top = null;\n            self.stk_size = 0;\n        }\n\n        // \u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\uff08\u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\uff09\n        pub fn deinit(self: *Self) void {\n            if (self.mem_arena == null) return;\n            self.mem_arena.?.deinit();\n        }\n\n        // \u83b7\u53d6\u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\n        pub fn size(self: *Self) usize {\n            return self.stk_size;\n        }\n\n        // \u5224\u65ad\u6808\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a\n        pub fn isEmpty(self: *Self) bool {\n            return self.size() == 0;\n        }\n\n        // \u8bbf\u95ee\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20\n        pub fn peek(self: *Self) T {\n            if (self.size() == 0) @panic(\"\u6808\u4e3a\u7a7a\");\n            return self.stack_top.?.val;\n        }  \n\n        // \u5165\u6808\n        pub fn push(self: *Self, num: T) !void {\n            var node = try self.mem_allocator.create(inc.ListNode(T));\n            node.init(num);\n            node.next = self.stack_top;\n            self.stack_top = node;\n            self.stk_size += 1;\n        } \n\n        // \u51fa\u6808\n        pub fn pop(self: *Self) T {\n            var num = self.peek();\n            self.stack_top = self.stack_top.?.next;\n            self.stk_size -= 1;\n            return num;\n        } \n\n        // \u5c06\u6808\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\n        pub fn toArray(self: *Self) ![]T {\n            var node = self.stack_top;\n            var res = try self.mem_allocator.alloc(T, self.size());\n            @memset(res, @as(T, 0));\n            var i: usize = 0;\n            while (i < res.len) : (i += 1) {\n                res[res.len - i - 1] = node.?.val;\n                node = node.?.next;\n            }\n            return res;\n        }\n    };\n}\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_stack_and_queue/stack/#2","title":"2. \u00a0 \u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0","text":"

    \u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u6808\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5c3e\u90e8\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6808\u9876\u3002\u5982\u56fe 5-3 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5165\u6808\u4e0e\u51fa\u6808\u64cd\u4f5c\u5206\u522b\u5bf9\u5e94\u5728\u6570\u7ec4\u5c3e\u90e8\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u90fd\u4e3a \\(O(1)\\) \u3002

    ArrayStackpush()pop()

    \u56fe 5-3 \u00a0 \u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u6808\u7684\u5165\u6808\u51fa\u6808\u64cd\u4f5c

    \u7531\u4e8e\u5165\u6808\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6e90\u6e90\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u52a8\u6001\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u65e0\u987b\u81ea\u884c\u5904\u7406\u6570\u7ec4\u6269\u5bb9\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e3a\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig array_stack.py
    class ArrayStack:\n    \"\"\"\u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6808\"\"\"\n\n    def __init__(self):\n        \"\"\"\u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5\"\"\"\n        self._stack: list[int] = []\n\n    def size(self) -> int:\n        \"\"\"\u83b7\u53d6\u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\"\"\"\n        return len(self._stack)\n\n    def is_empty(self) -> bool:\n        \"\"\"\u5224\u65ad\u6808\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a\"\"\"\n        return self._stack == []\n\n    def push(self, item: int):\n        \"\"\"\u5165\u6808\"\"\"\n        self._stack.append(item)\n\n    def pop(self) -> int:\n        \"\"\"\u51fa\u6808\"\"\"\n        if self.is_empty():\n            raise IndexError(\"\u6808\u4e3a\u7a7a\")\n        return self._stack.pop()\n\n    def peek(self) -> int:\n        \"\"\"\u8bbf\u95ee\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20\"\"\"\n        if self.is_empty():\n            raise IndexError(\"\u6808\u4e3a\u7a7a\")\n        return self._stack[-1]\n\n    def to_list(self) -> list[int]:\n        \"\"\"\u8fd4\u56de\u5217\u8868\u7528\u4e8e\u6253\u5370\"\"\"\n        return self._stack\n
    array_stack.cpp
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6808 */\nclass ArrayStack {\n  private:\n    vector<int> stack;\n\n  public:\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\n    int size() {\n        return stack.size();\n    }\n\n    /* \u5224\u65ad\u6808\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\n    bool isEmpty() {\n        return stack.size() == 0;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5165\u6808 */\n    void push(int num) {\n        stack.push_back(num);\n    }\n\n    /* \u51fa\u6808 */\n    int pop() {\n        int num = top();\n        stack.pop_back();\n        return num;\n    }\n\n    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\n    int top() {\n        if (isEmpty())\n            throw out_of_range(\"\u6808\u4e3a\u7a7a\");\n        return stack.back();\n    }\n\n    /* \u8fd4\u56de Vector */\n    vector<int> toVector() {\n        return stack;\n    }\n};\n
    array_stack.java
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6808 */\nclass ArrayStack {\n    private ArrayList<Integer> stack;\n\n    public ArrayStack() {\n        // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5217\u8868\uff08\u52a8\u6001\u6570\u7ec4\uff09\n        stack = new ArrayList<>();\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\n    public int size() {\n        return stack.size();\n    }\n\n    /* \u5224\u65ad\u6808\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\n    public boolean isEmpty() {\n        return size() == 0;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5165\u6808 */\n    public void push(int num) {\n        stack.add(num);\n    }\n\n    /* \u51fa\u6808 */\n    public int pop() {\n        if (isEmpty())\n            throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();\n        return stack.remove(size() - 1);\n    }\n\n    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\n    public int peek() {\n        if (isEmpty())\n            throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();\n        return stack.get(size() - 1);\n    }\n\n    /* \u5c06 List \u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a Array \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de */\n    public Object[] toArray() {\n        return stack.toArray();\n    }\n}\n
    array_stack.cs
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6808 */\nclass ArrayStack {\n    List<int> stack;\n    public ArrayStack() {\n        // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5217\u8868\uff08\u52a8\u6001\u6570\u7ec4\uff09\n        stack = [];\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\n    public int Size() {\n        return stack.Count;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5224\u65ad\u6808\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\n    public bool IsEmpty() {\n        return Size() == 0;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5165\u6808 */\n    public void Push(int num) {\n        stack.Add(num);\n    }\n\n    /* \u51fa\u6808 */\n    public int Pop() {\n        if (IsEmpty())\n            throw new Exception();\n        var val = Peek();\n        stack.RemoveAt(Size() - 1);\n        return val;\n    }\n\n    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\n    public int Peek() {\n        if (IsEmpty())\n            throw new Exception();\n        return stack[Size() - 1];\n    }\n\n    /* \u5c06 List \u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a Array \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de */\n    public int[] ToArray() {\n        return [.. stack];\n    }\n}\n
    array_stack.go
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6808 */\ntype arrayStack struct {\n    data []int // \u6570\u636e\n}\n\n/* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6808 */\nfunc newArrayStack() *arrayStack {\n    return &arrayStack{\n        // \u8bbe\u7f6e\u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 0\uff0c\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e3a 16\n        data: make([]int, 0, 16),\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nfunc (s *arrayStack) size() int {\n    return len(s.data)\n}\n\n/* \u6808\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nfunc (s *arrayStack) isEmpty() bool {\n    return s.size() == 0\n}\n\n/* \u5165\u6808 */\nfunc (s *arrayStack) push(v int) {\n    // \u5207\u7247\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u6269\u5bb9\n    s.data = append(s.data, v)\n}\n\n/* \u51fa\u6808 */\nfunc (s *arrayStack) pop() any {\n    val := s.peek()\n    s.data = s.data[:len(s.data)-1]\n    return val\n}\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\nfunc (s *arrayStack) peek() any {\n    if s.isEmpty() {\n        return nil\n    }\n    val := s.data[len(s.data)-1]\n    return val\n}\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6 Slice \u7528\u4e8e\u6253\u5370 */\nfunc (s *arrayStack) toSlice() []int {\n    return s.data\n}\n
    array_stack.swift
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6808 */\nclass ArrayStack {\n    private var stack: [Int]\n\n    init() {\n        // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5217\u8868\uff08\u52a8\u6001\u6570\u7ec4\uff09\n        stack = []\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\n    func size() -> Int {\n        stack.count\n    }\n\n    /* \u5224\u65ad\u6808\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\n    func isEmpty() -> Bool {\n        stack.isEmpty\n    }\n\n    /* \u5165\u6808 */\n    func push(num: Int) {\n        stack.append(num)\n    }\n\n    /* \u51fa\u6808 */\n    @discardableResult\n    func pop() -> Int {\n        if isEmpty() {\n            fatalError(\"\u6808\u4e3a\u7a7a\")\n        }\n        return stack.removeLast()\n    }\n\n    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\n    func peek() -> Int {\n        if isEmpty() {\n            fatalError(\"\u6808\u4e3a\u7a7a\")\n        }\n        return stack.last!\n    }\n\n    /* \u5c06 List \u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a Array \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de */\n    func toArray() -> [Int] {\n        stack\n    }\n}\n
    array_stack.js
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6808 */\nclass ArrayStack {\n    #stack;\n    constructor() {\n        this.#stack = [];\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\n    get size() {\n        return this.#stack.length;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5224\u65ad\u6808\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\n    isEmpty() {\n        return this.#stack.length === 0;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5165\u6808 */\n    push(num) {\n        this.#stack.push(num);\n    }\n\n    /* \u51fa\u6808 */\n    pop() {\n        if (this.isEmpty()) throw new Error('\u6808\u4e3a\u7a7a');\n        return this.#stack.pop();\n    }\n\n    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\n    top() {\n        if (this.isEmpty()) throw new Error('\u6808\u4e3a\u7a7a');\n        return this.#stack[this.#stack.length - 1];\n    }\n\n    /* \u8fd4\u56de Array */\n    toArray() {\n        return this.#stack;\n    }\n}\n
    array_stack.ts
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6808 */\nclass ArrayStack {\n    private stack: number[];\n    constructor() {\n        this.stack = [];\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\n    get size(): number {\n        return this.stack.length;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5224\u65ad\u6808\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\n    isEmpty(): boolean {\n        return this.stack.length === 0;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5165\u6808 */\n    push(num: number): void {\n        this.stack.push(num);\n    }\n\n    /* \u51fa\u6808 */\n    pop(): number | undefined {\n        if (this.isEmpty()) throw new Error('\u6808\u4e3a\u7a7a');\n        return this.stack.pop();\n    }\n\n    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\n    top(): number | undefined {\n        if (this.isEmpty()) throw new Error('\u6808\u4e3a\u7a7a');\n        return this.stack[this.stack.length - 1];\n    }\n\n    /* \u8fd4\u56de Array */\n    toArray() {\n        return this.stack;\n    }\n}\n
    array_stack.dart
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6808 */\nclass ArrayStack {\n  late List<int> _stack;\n  ArrayStack() {\n    _stack = [];\n  }\n\n  /* \u83b7\u53d6\u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\n  int size() {\n    return _stack.length;\n  }\n\n  /* \u5224\u65ad\u6808\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\n  bool isEmpty() {\n    return _stack.isEmpty;\n  }\n\n  /* \u5165\u6808 */\n  void push(int _num) {\n    _stack.add(_num);\n  }\n\n  /* \u51fa\u6808 */\n  int pop() {\n    if (isEmpty()) {\n      throw Exception(\"\u6808\u4e3a\u7a7a\");\n    }\n    return _stack.removeLast();\n  }\n\n  /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\n  int peek() {\n    if (isEmpty()) {\n      throw Exception(\"\u6808\u4e3a\u7a7a\");\n    }\n    return _stack.last;\n  }\n\n  /* \u5c06\u6808\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a Array \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de */\n  List<int> toArray() => _stack;\n}\n
    array_stack.rs
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6808 */\nstruct ArrayStack<T> {\n    stack: Vec<T>,\n}\n\nimpl<T> ArrayStack<T> {\n    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6808 */\n    fn new() -> ArrayStack<T> {\n        ArrayStack::<T> { stack: Vec::<T>::new() }\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\n    fn size(&self) -> usize {\n        self.stack.len()\n    }\n\n    /* \u5224\u65ad\u6808\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\n    fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {\n        self.size() == 0\n    }\n\n    /* \u5165\u6808 */\n    fn push(&mut self, num: T) {\n        self.stack.push(num);\n    }\n\n    /* \u51fa\u6808 */\n    fn pop(&mut self) -> Option<T> {\n        match self.stack.pop() {\n            Some(num) => Some(num),\n            None => None,\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u8bbf\u95ee\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\n    fn peek(&self) -> Option<&T> {\n        if self.is_empty() { panic!(\"\u6808\u4e3a\u7a7a\") };\n        self.stack.last()\n    }\n\n    /* \u8fd4\u56de &Vec */\n    fn to_array(&self) -> &Vec<T> {\n        &self.stack\n    }\n}\n
    array_stack.c
    /* \u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6808 */\ntypedef struct {\n    int *data;\n    int size;\n} ArrayStack;\n\n/* \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570 */\nArrayStack *newArrayStack() {\n    ArrayStack *stack = malloc(sizeof(ArrayStack));\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u6269\u5bb9\n    stack->data = malloc(sizeof(int) * MAX_SIZE);\n    stack->size = 0;\n    return stack;\n}\n\n/* \u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570 */\nvoid delArrayStack(ArrayStack *stack) {\n    free(stack->data);\n    free(stack);\n}\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 */\nint size(ArrayStack *stack) {\n    return stack->size;\n}\n\n/* \u5224\u65ad\u6808\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a */\nbool isEmpty(ArrayStack *stack) {\n    return stack->size == 0;\n}\n\n/* \u5165\u6808 */\nvoid push(ArrayStack *stack, int num) {\n    if (stack->size == MAX_SIZE) {\n        printf(\"\u6808\u5df2\u6ee1\\n\");\n        return;\n    }\n    stack->data[stack->size] = num;\n    stack->size++;\n}\n\n/* \u8bbf\u95ee\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20 */\nint peek(ArrayStack *stack) {\n    if (stack->size == 0) {\n        printf(\"\u6808\u4e3a\u7a7a\\n\");\n        return INT_MAX;\n    }\n    return stack->data[stack->size - 1];\n}\n\n/* \u51fa\u6808 */\nint pop(ArrayStack *stack) {\n    int val = peek(stack);\n    stack->size--;\n    return val;\n}\n
    array_stack.zig
    // \u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6808\nfn ArrayStack(comptime T: type) type {\n    return struct {\n        const Self = @This();\n\n        stack: ?std.ArrayList(T) = null,     \n\n        // \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5\uff08\u5206\u914d\u5185\u5b58+\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6808\uff09\n        pub fn init(self: *Self, allocator: std.mem.Allocator) void {\n            if (self.stack == null) {\n                self.stack = std.ArrayList(T).init(allocator);\n            }\n        }\n\n        // \u6790\u6784\u65b9\u6cd5\uff08\u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\uff09\n        pub fn deinit(self: *Self) void {\n            if (self.stack == null) return;\n            self.stack.?.deinit();\n        }\n\n        // \u83b7\u53d6\u6808\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\n        pub fn size(self: *Self) usize {\n            return self.stack.?.items.len;\n        }\n\n        // \u5224\u65ad\u6808\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a\n        pub fn isEmpty(self: *Self) bool {\n            return self.size() == 0;\n        }\n\n        // \u8bbf\u95ee\u6808\u9876\u5143\u7d20\n        pub fn peek(self: *Self) T {\n            if (self.isEmpty()) @panic(\"\u6808\u4e3a\u7a7a\");\n            return self.stack.?.items[self.size() - 1];\n        }  \n\n        // \u5165\u6808\n        pub fn push(self: *Self, num: T) !void {\n            try self.stack.?.append(num);\n        } \n\n        // \u51fa\u6808\n        pub fn pop(self: *Self) T {\n            var num = self.stack.?.pop();\n            return num;\n        } \n\n        // \u8fd4\u56de ArrayList\n        pub fn toList(self: *Self) std.ArrayList(T) {\n            return self.stack.?;\n        }\n    };\n}\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_stack_and_queue/stack/#513","title":"5.1.3 \u00a0 \u4e24\u79cd\u5b9e\u73b0\u5bf9\u6bd4","text":"

    \u652f\u6301\u64cd\u4f5c

    \u4e24\u79cd\u5b9e\u73b0\u90fd\u652f\u6301\u6808\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e2d\u7684\u5404\u9879\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u989d\u5916\u652f\u6301\u968f\u673a\u8bbf\u95ee\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u5df2\u8d85\u51fa\u4e86\u6808\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u8303\u7574\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e00\u822c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u7528\u5230\u3002

    \u65f6\u95f4\u6548\u7387

    \u5728\u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e2d\uff0c\u5165\u6808\u548c\u51fa\u6808\u64cd\u4f5c\u90fd\u5728\u9884\u5148\u5206\u914d\u597d\u7684\u8fde\u7eed\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u7f13\u5b58\u672c\u5730\u6027\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6548\u7387\u8f83\u9ad8\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5165\u6808\u65f6\u8d85\u51fa\u6570\u7ec4\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u4f1a\u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u8be5\u6b21\u5165\u6808\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u53d8\u4e3a \\(O(n)\\) \u3002

    \u5728\u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e2d\uff0c\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u6269\u5bb9\u975e\u5e38\u7075\u6d3b\uff0c\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6570\u7ec4\u6269\u5bb9\u65f6\u6548\u7387\u964d\u4f4e\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5165\u6808\u64cd\u4f5c\u9700\u8981\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u8282\u70b9\u5bf9\u8c61\u5e76\u4fee\u6539\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6548\u7387\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u4f4e\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5165\u6808\u5143\u7d20\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u8282\u70b9\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u53ef\u4ee5\u7701\u53bb\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63d0\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\u3002

    \u7efc\u4e0a\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u5f53\u5165\u6808\u4e0e\u51fa\u6808\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u662f\u57fa\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u65f6\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 int \u6216 double \uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u51fa\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7ed3\u8bba\u3002

    • \u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6808\u5728\u89e6\u53d1\u6269\u5bb9\u65f6\u6548\u7387\u4f1a\u964d\u4f4e\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u6269\u5bb9\u662f\u4f4e\u9891\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5e73\u5747\u6548\u7387\u66f4\u9ad8\u3002
    • \u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6808\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u52a0\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u6548\u7387\u8868\u73b0\u3002

    \u7a7a\u95f4\u6548\u7387

    \u5728\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5217\u8868\u65f6\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u4e3a\u5217\u8868\u5206\u914d\u201c\u521d\u59cb\u5bb9\u91cf\u201d\uff0c\u8be5\u5bb9\u91cf\u53ef\u80fd\u8d85\u51fa\u5b9e\u9645\u9700\u6c42\uff1b\u5e76\u4e14\uff0c\u6269\u5bb9\u673a\u5236\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u6309\u7167\u7279\u5b9a\u500d\u7387\uff08\u4f8b\u5982 2 \u500d\uff09\u8fdb\u884c\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\uff0c\u6269\u5bb9\u540e\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u8d85\u51fa\u5b9e\u9645\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6808\u53ef\u80fd\u9020\u6210\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u6d6a\u8d39\u3002

    \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9\u9700\u8981\u989d\u5916\u5b58\u50a8\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9\u5360\u7528\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u5927\u3002

    \u7efc\u4e0a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u786e\u5b9a\u54ea\u79cd\u5b9e\u73b0\u66f4\u52a0\u8282\u7701\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u9488\u5bf9\u5177\u4f53\u60c5\u51b5\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u6790\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_stack_and_queue/stack/#514","title":"5.1.4 \u00a0 \u6808\u5178\u578b\u5e94\u7528","text":"
    • \u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u4e2d\u7684\u540e\u9000\u4e0e\u524d\u8fdb\u3001\u8f6f\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u64a4\u9500\u4e0e\u53cd\u64a4\u9500\u3002\u6bcf\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u6253\u5f00\u65b0\u7684\u7f51\u9875\uff0c\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u5c31\u4f1a\u5bf9\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51\u9875\u6267\u884c\u5165\u6808\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u540e\u9000\u64cd\u4f5c\u56de\u5230\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51\u9875\u3002\u540e\u9000\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u5728\u6267\u884c\u51fa\u6808\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8981\u540c\u65f6\u652f\u6301\u540e\u9000\u548c\u524d\u8fdb\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u9700\u8981\u4e24\u4e2a\u6808\u6765\u914d\u5408\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002
    • \u7a0b\u5e8f\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u3002\u6bcf\u6b21\u8c03\u7528\u51fd\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u90fd\u4f1a\u5728\u6808\u9876\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u6808\u5e27\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u5728\u9012\u5f52\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\uff0c\u5411\u4e0b\u9012\u63a8\u9636\u6bb5\u4f1a\u4e0d\u65ad\u6267\u884c\u5165\u6808\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u800c\u5411\u4e0a\u56de\u6eaf\u9636\u6bb5\u5219\u4f1a\u4e0d\u65ad\u6267\u884c\u51fa\u6808\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_stack_and_queue/summary/","title":"5.4 \u00a0 \u5c0f\u7ed3","text":""},{"location":"chapter_stack_and_queue/summary/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u91cd\u70b9\u56de\u987e","text":"
    • \u6808\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u9075\u5faa\u5148\u5165\u540e\u51fa\u539f\u5219\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u6216\u94fe\u8868\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002
    • \u5728\u65f6\u95f4\u6548\u7387\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6808\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u5177\u6709\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u6269\u5bb9\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5355\u6b21\u5165\u6808\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4f1a\u52a3\u5316\u81f3 \\(O(n)\\) \u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u6808\u7684\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u4e3a\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u6548\u7387\u8868\u73b0\u3002
    • \u5728\u7a7a\u95f4\u6548\u7387\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6808\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u5b9e\u73b0\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u6d6a\u8d39\u3002\u4f46\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u94fe\u8868\u8282\u70b9\u6240\u5360\u7528\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u6bd4\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u66f4\u5927\u3002
    • \u961f\u5217\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u9075\u5faa\u5148\u5165\u5148\u51fa\u539f\u5219\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u6216\u94fe\u8868\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u5728\u65f6\u95f4\u6548\u7387\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u6548\u7387\u7684\u5bf9\u6bd4\u4e0a\uff0c\u961f\u5217\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u4e0e\u524d\u8ff0\u6808\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u76f8\u4f3c\u3002
    • \u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u9ad8\u81ea\u7531\u5ea6\u7684\u961f\u5217\uff0c\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u5728\u4e24\u7aef\u8fdb\u884c\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6dfb\u52a0\u548c\u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_stack_and_queue/summary/#2-q-a","title":"2. \u00a0 Q & A","text":"

    \u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u7684\u524d\u8fdb\u540e\u9000\u662f\u5426\u662f\u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\uff1f

    \u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u7684\u524d\u8fdb\u540e\u9000\u529f\u80fd\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u201c\u6808\u201d\u7684\u4f53\u73b0\u3002\u5f53\u7528\u6237\u8bbf\u95ee\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u9875\u9762\u65f6\uff0c\u8be5\u9875\u9762\u4f1a\u88ab\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u6808\u9876\uff1b\u5f53\u7528\u6237\u70b9\u51fb\u540e\u9000\u6309\u94ae\u65f6\uff0c\u8be5\u9875\u9762\u4f1a\u4ece\u6808\u9876\u5f39\u51fa\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u53ef\u4ee5\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e00\u4e9b\u989d\u5916\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5728\u201c\u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u201d\u7ae0\u8282\u6709\u63d0\u5230\u3002

    \u5728\u51fa\u6808\u540e\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u9700\u8981\u91ca\u653e\u51fa\u6808\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5185\u5b58\uff1f

    \u5982\u679c\u540e\u7eed\u4ecd\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u5f39\u51fa\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\u3002\u82e5\u4e4b\u540e\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7528\u5230\uff0cJava \u548c Python \u7b49\u8bed\u8a00\u62e5\u6709\u81ea\u52a8\u5783\u573e\u56de\u6536\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u624b\u52a8\u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\uff1b\u5728 C \u548c C++ \u4e2d\u9700\u8981\u624b\u52a8\u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\u3002

    \u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u50cf\u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u6808\u62fc\u63a5\u5728\u4e86\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u7528\u9014\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f

    \u53cc\u5411\u961f\u5217\u5c31\u50cf\u662f\u6808\u548c\u961f\u5217\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\uff0c\u6216\u4e24\u4e2a\u6808\u62fc\u5728\u4e86\u4e00\u8d77\u3002\u5b83\u8868\u73b0\u7684\u662f\u6808 + \u961f\u5217\u7684\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u6808\u4e0e\u961f\u5217\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u66f4\u52a0\u7075\u6d3b\u3002

    \u64a4\u9500\uff08undo\uff09\u548c\u53cd\u64a4\u9500\uff08redo\uff09\u5177\u4f53\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\uff1f

    \u4f7f\u7528\u4e24\u4e2a\u6808\uff0c\u6808 A \u7528\u4e8e\u64a4\u9500\uff0c\u6808 B \u7528\u4e8e\u53cd\u64a4\u9500\u3002

    1. \u6bcf\u5f53\u7528\u6237\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u538b\u5165\u6808 A \uff0c\u5e76\u6e05\u7a7a\u6808 B \u3002
    2. \u5f53\u7528\u6237\u6267\u884c\u201c\u64a4\u9500\u201d\u65f6\uff0c\u4ece\u6808 A \u4e2d\u5f39\u51fa\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u538b\u5165\u6808 B \u3002
    3. \u5f53\u7528\u6237\u6267\u884c\u201c\u53cd\u64a4\u9500\u201d\u65f6\uff0c\u4ece\u6808 B \u4e2d\u5f39\u51fa\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u538b\u5165\u6808 A \u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_tree/","title":"\u7b2c 7 \u7ae0 \u00a0 \u6811","text":"

    Abstract

    \u53c2\u5929\u5927\u6811\u5145\u6ee1\u751f\u547d\u529b\uff0c\u6839\u6df1\u53f6\u8302\uff0c\u5206\u679d\u6276\u758f\u3002

    \u5b83\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u5c55\u73b0\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6cbb\u7684\u751f\u52a8\u5f62\u6001\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_tree/#_1","title":"\u672c\u7ae0\u5185\u5bb9","text":"
    • 7.1 \u00a0 \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811
    • 7.2 \u00a0 \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u904d\u5386
    • 7.3 \u00a0 \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a
    • 7.4 \u00a0 \u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811
    • 7.5 \u00a0 AVL \u6811 *
    • 7.6 \u00a0 \u5c0f\u7ed3
    "},{"location":"chapter_tree/array_representation_of_tree/","title":"7.3 \u00a0 \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a","text":"

    \u5728\u94fe\u8868\u8868\u793a\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u5355\u5143\u4e3a\u8282\u70b9 TreeNode \uff0c\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u901a\u8fc7\u6307\u9488\u76f8\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u4e0a\u4e00\u8282\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u94fe\u8868\u8868\u793a\u4e0b\u7684\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u5404\u9879\u57fa\u672c\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002

    \u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u5426\u7528\u6570\u7ec4\u6765\u8868\u793a\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u5462\uff1f\u7b54\u6848\u662f\u80af\u5b9a\u7684\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_tree/array_representation_of_tree/#731","title":"7.3.1 \u00a0 \u8868\u793a\u5b8c\u7f8e\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811","text":"

    \u5148\u5206\u6790\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u6848\u4f8b\u3002\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u68f5\u5b8c\u7f8e\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\u6309\u7167\u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\uff0c\u5219\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u5bf9\u5e94\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15\u3002

    \u6839\u636e\u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a8\u5bfc\u51fa\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\u4e0e\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u201c\u6620\u5c04\u516c\u5f0f\u201d\uff1a\u82e5\u67d0\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a \\(i\\) \uff0c\u5219\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a \\(2i + 1\\) \uff0c\u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a \\(2i + 2\\) \u3002\u56fe 7-12 \u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5404\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u7d22\u5f15\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6620\u5c04\u5173\u7cfb\u3002

    \u56fe 7-12 \u00a0 \u5b8c\u7f8e\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a

    \u6620\u5c04\u516c\u5f0f\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u6307\u9488\u3002\u7ed9\u5b9a\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6620\u5c04\u516c\u5f0f\u6765\u8bbf\u95ee\u5b83\u7684\u5de6\uff08\u53f3\uff09\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_tree/array_representation_of_tree/#732","title":"7.3.2 \u00a0 \u8868\u793a\u4efb\u610f\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811","text":"

    \u5b8c\u7f8e\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u4f8b\uff0c\u5728\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u4e2d\u95f4\u5c42\u901a\u5e38\u5b58\u5728\u8bb8\u591a None \u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\u5e76\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u8fd9\u4e9b None \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ec5\u51ed\u8be5\u5e8f\u5217\u6765\u63a8\u6d4b None \u7684\u6570\u91cf\u548c\u5206\u5e03\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5b58\u5728\u591a\u79cd\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7ed3\u6784\u90fd\u7b26\u5408\u8be5\u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\u3002

    \u5982\u56fe 7-13 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u68f5\u975e\u5b8c\u7f8e\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff0c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a\u65b9\u6cd5\u5df2\u7ecf\u5931\u6548\u3002

    \u56fe 7-13 \u00a0 \u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\u5bf9\u5e94\u591a\u79cd\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u53ef\u80fd\u6027

    \u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u6b64\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8003\u8651\u5728\u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\u4e2d\u663e\u5f0f\u5730\u5199\u51fa\u6240\u6709 None \u3002\u5982\u56fe 7-14 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5904\u7406\u540e\uff0c\u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u552f\u4e00\u8868\u793a\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u4e86\u3002\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig 
    # \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a\n# \u4f7f\u7528 None \u6765\u8868\u793a\u7a7a\u4f4d\ntree = [1, 2, 3, 4, None, 6, 7, 8, 9, None, None, 12, None, None, 15]\n
    /* \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a */\n// \u4f7f\u7528 int \u6700\u5927\u503c INT_MAX \u6807\u8bb0\u7a7a\u4f4d\nvector<int> tree = {1, 2, 3, 4, INT_MAX, 6, 7, 8, 9, INT_MAX, INT_MAX, 12, INT_MAX, INT_MAX, 15};\n
    /* \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a */\n// \u4f7f\u7528 int \u7684\u5305\u88c5\u7c7b Integer \uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 null \u6765\u6807\u8bb0\u7a7a\u4f4d\nInteger[] tree = { 1, 2, 3, 4, null, 6, 7, 8, 9, null, null, 12, null, null, 15 };\n
    /* \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a */\n// \u4f7f\u7528 int? \u53ef\u7a7a\u7c7b\u578b \uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 null \u6765\u6807\u8bb0\u7a7a\u4f4d\nint?[] tree = [1, 2, 3, 4, null, 6, 7, 8, 9, null, null, 12, null, null, 15];\n
    /* \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a */\n// \u4f7f\u7528 any \u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5207\u7247, \u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 nil \u6765\u6807\u8bb0\u7a7a\u4f4d\ntree := []any{1, 2, 3, 4, nil, 6, 7, 8, 9, nil, nil, 12, nil, nil, 15}\n
    /* \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a */\n// \u4f7f\u7528 Int? \u53ef\u7a7a\u7c7b\u578b \uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 nil \u6765\u6807\u8bb0\u7a7a\u4f4d\nlet tree: [Int?] = [1, 2, 3, 4, nil, 6, 7, 8, 9, nil, nil, 12, nil, nil, 15]\n
    /* \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a */\n// \u4f7f\u7528 null \u6765\u8868\u793a\u7a7a\u4f4d\nlet tree = [1, 2, 3, 4, null, 6, 7, 8, 9, null, null, 12, null, null, 15];\n
    /* \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a */\n// \u4f7f\u7528 null \u6765\u8868\u793a\u7a7a\u4f4d\nlet tree: (number | null)[] = [1, 2, 3, 4, null, 6, 7, 8, 9, null, null, 12, null, null, 15];\n
    /* \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a */\n// \u4f7f\u7528 int? \u53ef\u7a7a\u7c7b\u578b \uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 null \u6765\u6807\u8bb0\u7a7a\u4f4d\nList<int?> tree = [1, 2, 3, 4, null, 6, 7, 8, 9, null, null, 12, null, null, 15];\n
    /* \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a */\n// \u4f7f\u7528 None \u6765\u6807\u8bb0\u7a7a\u4f4d\nlet tree = [Some(1), Some(2), Some(3), Some(4), None, Some(6), Some(7), Some(8), Some(9), None, None, Some(12), None, None, Some(15)];\n
    /* \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a */\n// \u4f7f\u7528 int \u6700\u5927\u503c\u6807\u8bb0\u7a7a\u4f4d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8981\u6c42\u8282\u70b9\u503c\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e3a INT_MAX\nint tree[] = {1, 2, 3, 4, INT_MAX, 6, 7, 8, 9, INT_MAX, INT_MAX, 12, INT_MAX, INT_MAX, 15};\n
    \n

    \u56fe 7-14 \u00a0 \u4efb\u610f\u7c7b\u578b\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a

    \u503c\u5f97\u8bf4\u660e\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u975e\u5e38\u9002\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u7ec4\u6765\u8868\u793a\u3002\u56de\u987e\u5b8c\u5168\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0cNone \u53ea\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u6700\u5e95\u5c42\u4e14\u9760\u53f3\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6240\u6709 None \u4e00\u5b9a\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u672b\u5c3e\u3002

    \u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a\u5b8c\u5168\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7701\u7565\u5b58\u50a8\u6240\u6709 None \uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u65b9\u4fbf\u3002\u56fe 7-15 \u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002

    \u56fe 7-15 \u00a0 \u5b8c\u5168\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a

    \u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u68f5\u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a\u7684\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002

    • \u7ed9\u5b9a\u67d0\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u83b7\u53d6\u5b83\u7684\u503c\u3001\u5de6\uff08\u53f3\uff09\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u3001\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u3002
    • \u83b7\u53d6\u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u3001\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u3001\u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u3001\u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\u3002
    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig array_binary_tree.py
    class ArrayBinaryTree:\n    \"\"\"\u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a\u4e0b\u7684\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7c7b\"\"\"\n\n    def __init__(self, arr: list[int | None]):\n        \"\"\"\u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5\"\"\"\n        self._tree = list(arr)\n\n    def size(self):\n        \"\"\"\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf\"\"\"\n        return len(self._tree)\n\n    def val(self, i: int) -> int:\n        \"\"\"\u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u503c\"\"\"\n        # \u82e5\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de None \uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u7a7a\u4f4d\n        if i < 0 or i >= self.size():\n            return None\n        return self._tree[i]\n\n    def left(self, i: int) -> int | None:\n        \"\"\"\u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\"\"\"\n        return 2 * i + 1\n\n    def right(self, i: int) -> int | None:\n        \"\"\"\u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\"\"\"\n        return 2 * i + 2\n\n    def parent(self, i: int) -> int | None:\n        \"\"\"\u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\"\"\"\n        return (i - 1) // 2\n\n    def level_order(self) -> list[int]:\n        \"\"\"\u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\"\"\"\n        self.res = []\n        # \u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\n        for i in range(self.size()):\n            if self.val(i) is not None:\n                self.res.append(self.val(i))\n        return self.res\n\n    def dfs(self, i: int, order: str):\n        \"\"\"\u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386\"\"\"\n        if self.val(i) is None:\n            return\n        # \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\n        if order == \"pre\":\n            self.res.append(self.val(i))\n        self.dfs(self.left(i), order)\n        # \u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\n        if order == \"in\":\n            self.res.append(self.val(i))\n        self.dfs(self.right(i), order)\n        # \u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\n        if order == \"post\":\n            self.res.append(self.val(i))\n\n    def pre_order(self) -> list[int]:\n        \"\"\"\u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\"\"\"\n        self.res = []\n        self.dfs(0, order=\"pre\")\n        return self.res\n\n    def in_order(self) -> list[int]:\n        \"\"\"\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\"\"\"\n        self.res = []\n        self.dfs(0, order=\"in\")\n        return self.res\n\n    def post_order(self) -> list[int]:\n        \"\"\"\u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\"\"\"\n        self.res = []\n        self.dfs(0, order=\"post\")\n        return self.res\n
    array_binary_tree.cpp
    /* \u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a\u4e0b\u7684\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7c7b */\nclass ArrayBinaryTree {\n  public:\n    /* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\n    ArrayBinaryTree(vector<int> arr) {\n        tree = arr;\n    }\n\n    /* \u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf */\n    int size() {\n        return tree.size();\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u503c */\n    int val(int i) {\n        // \u82e5\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de INT_MAX \uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u7a7a\u4f4d\n        if (i < 0 || i >= size())\n            return INT_MAX;\n        return tree[i];\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\n    int left(int i) {\n        return 2 * i + 1;\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\n    int right(int i) {\n        return 2 * i + 2;\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\n    int parent(int i) {\n        return (i - 1) / 2;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\n    vector<int> levelOrder() {\n        vector<int> res;\n        // \u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\n        for (int i = 0; i < size(); i++) {\n            if (val(i) != INT_MAX)\n                res.push_back(val(i));\n        }\n        return res;\n    }\n\n    /* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\n    vector<int> preOrder() {\n        vector<int> res;\n        dfs(0, \"pre\", res);\n        return res;\n    }\n\n    /* \u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\n    vector<int> inOrder() {\n        vector<int> res;\n        dfs(0, \"in\", res);\n        return res;\n    }\n\n    /* \u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\n    vector<int> postOrder() {\n        vector<int> res;\n        dfs(0, \"post\", res);\n        return res;\n    }\n\n  private:\n    vector<int> tree;\n\n    /* \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 */\n    void dfs(int i, string order, vector<int> &res) {\n        // \u82e5\u4e3a\u7a7a\u4f4d\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\n        if (val(i) == INT_MAX)\n            return;\n        // \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\n        if (order == \"pre\")\n            res.push_back(val(i));\n        dfs(left(i), order, res);\n        // \u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\n        if (order == \"in\")\n            res.push_back(val(i));\n        dfs(right(i), order, res);\n        // \u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\n        if (order == \"post\")\n            res.push_back(val(i));\n    }\n};\n
    array_binary_tree.java
    /* \u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a\u4e0b\u7684\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7c7b */\nclass ArrayBinaryTree {\n    private List<Integer> tree;\n\n    /* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\n    public ArrayBinaryTree(List<Integer> arr) {\n        tree = new ArrayList<>(arr);\n    }\n\n    /* \u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf */\n    public int size() {\n        return tree.size();\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u503c */\n    public Integer val(int i) {\n        // \u82e5\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de null \uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u7a7a\u4f4d\n        if (i < 0 || i >= size())\n            return null;\n        return tree.get(i);\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\n    public Integer left(int i) {\n        return 2 * i + 1;\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\n    public Integer right(int i) {\n        return 2 * i + 2;\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\n    public Integer parent(int i) {\n        return (i - 1) / 2;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\n    public List<Integer> levelOrder() {\n        List<Integer> res = new ArrayList<>();\n        // \u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\n        for (int i = 0; i < size(); i++) {\n            if (val(i) != null)\n                res.add(val(i));\n        }\n        return res;\n    }\n\n    /* \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 */\n    private void dfs(Integer i, String order, List<Integer> res) {\n        // \u82e5\u4e3a\u7a7a\u4f4d\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\n        if (val(i) == null)\n            return;\n        // \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\n        if (\"pre\".equals(order))\n            res.add(val(i));\n        dfs(left(i), order, res);\n        // \u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\n        if (\"in\".equals(order))\n            res.add(val(i));\n        dfs(right(i), order, res);\n        // \u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\n        if (\"post\".equals(order))\n            res.add(val(i));\n    }\n\n    /* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\n    public List<Integer> preOrder() {\n        List<Integer> res = new ArrayList<>();\n        dfs(0, \"pre\", res);\n        return res;\n    }\n\n    /* \u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\n    public List<Integer> inOrder() {\n        List<Integer> res = new ArrayList<>();\n        dfs(0, \"in\", res);\n        return res;\n    }\n\n    /* \u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\n    public List<Integer> postOrder() {\n        List<Integer> res = new ArrayList<>();\n        dfs(0, \"post\", res);\n        return res;\n    }\n}\n
    array_binary_tree.cs
    /* \u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a\u4e0b\u7684\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7c7b */\nclass ArrayBinaryTree(List<int?> arr) {\n    List<int?> tree = new(arr);\n\n    /* \u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf */\n    public int Size() {\n        return tree.Count;\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u503c */\n    public int? Val(int i) {\n        // \u82e5\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de null \uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u7a7a\u4f4d\n        if (i < 0 || i >= Size())\n            return null;\n        return tree[i];\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\n    public int Left(int i) {\n        return 2 * i + 1;\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\n    public int Right(int i) {\n        return 2 * i + 2;\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\n    public int Parent(int i) {\n        return (i - 1) / 2;\n    }\n\n    /* \u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\n    public List<int> LevelOrder() {\n        List<int> res = [];\n        // \u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\n        for (int i = 0; i < Size(); i++) {\n            if (Val(i).HasValue)\n                res.Add(Val(i)!.Value);\n        }\n        return res;\n    }\n\n    /* \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 */\n    void DFS(int i, string order, List<int> res) {\n        // \u82e5\u4e3a\u7a7a\u4f4d\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\n        if (!Val(i).HasValue)\n            return;\n        // \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\n        if (order == \"pre\")\n            res.Add(Val(i)!.Value);\n        DFS(Left(i), order, res);\n        // \u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\n        if (order == \"in\")\n            res.Add(Val(i)!.Value);\n        DFS(Right(i), order, res);\n        // \u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\n        if (order == \"post\")\n            res.Add(Val(i)!.Value);\n    }\n\n    /* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\n    public List<int> PreOrder() {\n        List<int> res = [];\n        DFS(0, \"pre\", res);\n        return res;\n    }\n\n    /* \u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\n    public List<int> InOrder() {\n        List<int> res = [];\n        DFS(0, \"in\", res);\n        return res;\n    }\n\n    /* \u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\n    public List<int> PostOrder() {\n        List<int> res = [];\n        DFS(0, \"post\", res);\n        return res;\n    }\n}\n
    array_binary_tree.go
    /* \u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a\u4e0b\u7684\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7c7b */\ntype arrayBinaryTree struct {\n    tree []any\n}\n\n/* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\nfunc newArrayBinaryTree(arr []any) *arrayBinaryTree {\n    return &arrayBinaryTree{\n        tree: arr,\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf */\nfunc (abt *arrayBinaryTree) size() int {\n    return len(abt.tree)\n}\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u503c */\nfunc (abt *arrayBinaryTree) val(i int) any {\n    // \u82e5\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de null \uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u7a7a\u4f4d\n    if i < 0 || i >= abt.size() {\n        return nil\n    }\n    return abt.tree[i]\n}\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\nfunc (abt *arrayBinaryTree) left(i int) int {\n    return 2*i + 1\n}\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\nfunc (abt *arrayBinaryTree) right(i int) int {\n    return 2*i + 2\n}\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\nfunc (abt *arrayBinaryTree) parent(i int) int {\n    return (i - 1) / 2\n}\n\n/* \u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nfunc (abt *arrayBinaryTree) levelOrder() []any {\n    var res []any\n    // \u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\n    for i := 0; i < abt.size(); i++ {\n        if abt.val(i) != nil {\n            res = append(res, abt.val(i))\n        }\n    }\n    return res\n}\n\n/* \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 */\nfunc (abt *arrayBinaryTree) dfs(i int, order string, res *[]any) {\n    // \u82e5\u4e3a\u7a7a\u4f4d\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\n    if abt.val(i) == nil {\n        return\n    }\n    // \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\n    if order == \"pre\" {\n        *res = append(*res, abt.val(i))\n    }\n    abt.dfs(abt.left(i), order, res)\n    // \u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\n    if order == \"in\" {\n        *res = append(*res, abt.val(i))\n    }\n    abt.dfs(abt.right(i), order, res)\n    // \u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\n    if order == \"post\" {\n        *res = append(*res, abt.val(i))\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nfunc (abt *arrayBinaryTree) preOrder() []any {\n    var res []any\n    abt.dfs(0, \"pre\", &res)\n    return res\n}\n\n/* \u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nfunc (abt *arrayBinaryTree) inOrder() []any {\n    var res []any\n    abt.dfs(0, \"in\", &res)\n    return res\n}\n\n/* \u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nfunc (abt *arrayBinaryTree) postOrder() []any {\n    var res []any\n    abt.dfs(0, \"post\", &res)\n    return res\n}\n
    array_binary_tree.swift
    /* \u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a\u4e0b\u7684\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7c7b */\nclass ArrayBinaryTree {\n    private var tree: [Int?]\n\n    /* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\n    init(arr: [Int?]) {\n        tree = arr\n    }\n\n    /* \u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf */\n    func size() -> Int {\n        tree.count\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u503c */\n    func val(i: Int) -> Int? {\n        // \u82e5\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de null \uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u7a7a\u4f4d\n        if i < 0 || i >= size() {\n            return nil\n        }\n        return tree[i]\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\n    func left(i: Int) -> Int {\n        2 * i + 1\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\n    func right(i: Int) -> Int {\n        2 * i + 2\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\n    func parent(i: Int) -> Int {\n        (i - 1) / 2\n    }\n\n    /* \u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\n    func levelOrder() -> [Int] {\n        var res: [Int] = []\n        // \u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\n        for i in stride(from: 0, to: size(), by: 1) {\n            if let val = val(i: i) {\n                res.append(val)\n            }\n        }\n        return res\n    }\n\n    /* \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 */\n    private func dfs(i: Int, order: String, res: inout [Int]) {\n        // \u82e5\u4e3a\u7a7a\u4f4d\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\n        guard let val = val(i: i) else {\n            return\n        }\n        // \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\n        if order == \"pre\" {\n            res.append(val)\n        }\n        dfs(i: left(i: i), order: order, res: &res)\n        // \u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\n        if order == \"in\" {\n            res.append(val)\n        }\n        dfs(i: right(i: i), order: order, res: &res)\n        // \u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\n        if order == \"post\" {\n            res.append(val)\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\n    func preOrder() -> [Int] {\n        var res: [Int] = []\n        dfs(i: 0, order: \"pre\", res: &res)\n        return res\n    }\n\n    /* \u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\n    func inOrder() -> [Int] {\n        var res: [Int] = []\n        dfs(i: 0, order: \"in\", res: &res)\n        return res\n    }\n\n    /* \u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\n    func postOrder() -> [Int] {\n        var res: [Int] = []\n        dfs(i: 0, order: \"post\", res: &res)\n        return res\n    }\n}\n
    array_binary_tree.js
    /* \u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a\u4e0b\u7684\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7c7b */\nclass ArrayBinaryTree {\n    #tree;\n\n    /* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\n    constructor(arr) {\n        this.#tree = arr;\n    }\n\n    /* \u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf */\n    size() {\n        return this.#tree.length;\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u503c */\n    val(i) {\n        // \u82e5\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de null \uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u7a7a\u4f4d\n        if (i < 0 || i >= this.size()) return null;\n        return this.#tree[i];\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\n    left(i) {\n        return 2 * i + 1;\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\n    right(i) {\n        return 2 * i + 2;\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\n    parent(i) {\n        return Math.floor((i - 1) / 2); // \u5411\u4e0b\u6574\u9664\n    }\n\n    /* \u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\n    levelOrder() {\n        let res = [];\n        // \u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\n        for (let i = 0; i < this.size(); i++) {\n            if (this.val(i) !== null) res.push(this.val(i));\n        }\n        return res;\n    }\n\n    /* \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 */\n    #dfs(i, order, res) {\n        // \u82e5\u4e3a\u7a7a\u4f4d\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\n        if (this.val(i) === null) return;\n        // \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\n        if (order === 'pre') res.push(this.val(i));\n        this.#dfs(this.left(i), order, res);\n        // \u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\n        if (order === 'in') res.push(this.val(i));\n        this.#dfs(this.right(i), order, res);\n        // \u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\n        if (order === 'post') res.push(this.val(i));\n    }\n\n    /* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\n    preOrder() {\n        const res = [];\n        this.#dfs(0, 'pre', res);\n        return res;\n    }\n\n    /* \u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\n    inOrder() {\n        const res = [];\n        this.#dfs(0, 'in', res);\n        return res;\n    }\n\n    /* \u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\n    postOrder() {\n        const res = [];\n        this.#dfs(0, 'post', res);\n        return res;\n    }\n}\n
    array_binary_tree.ts
    /* \u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a\u4e0b\u7684\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7c7b */\nclass ArrayBinaryTree {\n    #tree: (number | null)[];\n\n    /* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\n    constructor(arr: (number | null)[]) {\n        this.#tree = arr;\n    }\n\n    /* \u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf */\n    size(): number {\n        return this.#tree.length;\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u503c */\n    val(i: number): number | null {\n        // \u82e5\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de null \uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u7a7a\u4f4d\n        if (i < 0 || i >= this.size()) return null;\n        return this.#tree[i];\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\n    left(i: number): number {\n        return 2 * i + 1;\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\n    right(i: number): number {\n        return 2 * i + 2;\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\n    parent(i: number): number {\n        return Math.floor((i - 1) / 2); // \u5411\u4e0b\u6574\u9664\n    }\n\n    /* \u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\n    levelOrder(): number[] {\n        let res = [];\n        // \u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\n        for (let i = 0; i < this.size(); i++) {\n            if (this.val(i) !== null) res.push(this.val(i));\n        }\n        return res;\n    }\n\n    /* \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 */\n    #dfs(i: number, order: Order, res: (number | null)[]): void {\n        // \u82e5\u4e3a\u7a7a\u4f4d\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\n        if (this.val(i) === null) return;\n        // \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\n        if (order === 'pre') res.push(this.val(i));\n        this.#dfs(this.left(i), order, res);\n        // \u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\n        if (order === 'in') res.push(this.val(i));\n        this.#dfs(this.right(i), order, res);\n        // \u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\n        if (order === 'post') res.push(this.val(i));\n    }\n\n    /* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\n    preOrder(): (number | null)[] {\n        const res = [];\n        this.#dfs(0, 'pre', res);\n        return res;\n    }\n\n    /* \u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\n    inOrder(): (number | null)[] {\n        const res = [];\n        this.#dfs(0, 'in', res);\n        return res;\n    }\n\n    /* \u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\n    postOrder(): (number | null)[] {\n        const res = [];\n        this.#dfs(0, 'post', res);\n        return res;\n    }\n}\n
    array_binary_tree.dart
    /* \u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a\u4e0b\u7684\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7c7b */\nclass ArrayBinaryTree {\n  late List<int?> _tree;\n\n  /* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\n  ArrayBinaryTree(this._tree);\n\n  /* \u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf */\n  int size() {\n    return _tree.length;\n  }\n\n  /* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u503c */\n  int? val(int i) {\n    // \u82e5\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de null \uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u7a7a\u4f4d\n    if (i < 0 || i >= size()) {\n      return null;\n    }\n    return _tree[i];\n  }\n\n  /* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\n  int? left(int i) {\n    return 2 * i + 1;\n  }\n\n  /* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\n  int? right(int i) {\n    return 2 * i + 2;\n  }\n\n  /* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\n  int? parent(int i) {\n    return (i - 1) ~/ 2;\n  }\n\n  /* \u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\n  List<int> levelOrder() {\n    List<int> res = [];\n    for (int i = 0; i < size(); i++) {\n      if (val(i) != null) {\n        res.add(val(i)!);\n      }\n    }\n    return res;\n  }\n\n  /* \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 */\n  void dfs(int i, String order, List<int?> res) {\n    // \u82e5\u4e3a\u7a7a\u4f4d\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\n    if (val(i) == null) {\n      return;\n    }\n    // \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\n    if (order == 'pre') {\n      res.add(val(i));\n    }\n    dfs(left(i)!, order, res);\n    // \u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\n    if (order == 'in') {\n      res.add(val(i));\n    }\n    dfs(right(i)!, order, res);\n    // \u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\n    if (order == 'post') {\n      res.add(val(i));\n    }\n  }\n\n  /* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\n  List<int?> preOrder() {\n    List<int?> res = [];\n    dfs(0, 'pre', res);\n    return res;\n  }\n\n  /* \u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\n  List<int?> inOrder() {\n    List<int?> res = [];\n    dfs(0, 'in', res);\n    return res;\n  }\n\n  /* \u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\n  List<int?> postOrder() {\n    List<int?> res = [];\n    dfs(0, 'post', res);\n    return res;\n  }\n}\n
    array_binary_tree.rs
    /* \u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a\u4e0b\u7684\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7c7b */\nstruct ArrayBinaryTree {\n    tree: Vec<Option<i32>>,\n}\n\nimpl ArrayBinaryTree {\n    /* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\n    fn new(arr: Vec<Option<i32>>) -> Self {\n        Self { tree: arr }\n    }\n\n    /* \u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf */\n    fn size(&self) -> i32 {\n        self.tree.len() as i32\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u503c */\n    fn val(&self, i: i32) -> Option<i32> {\n        // \u82e5\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de None \uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u7a7a\u4f4d\n        if i < 0 || i >= self.size() {\n            None\n        } else {\n            self.tree[i as usize]\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\n    fn left(&self, i: i32) -> i32 {\n        2 * i + 1\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\n    fn right(&self, i: i32) -> i32 {\n        2 * i + 2\n    }\n\n    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 */\n    fn parent(&self, i: i32) -> i32 {\n        (i - 1) / 2\n    }\n\n    /* \u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\n    fn level_order(&self) -> Vec<i32> {\n        let mut res = vec![];\n        // \u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\n        for i in 0..self.size() {\n            if let Some(val) = self.val(i) {\n                res.push(val)\n            }\n        }\n        res\n    }\n\n    /* \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 */\n    fn dfs(&self, i: i32, order: &str, res: &mut Vec<i32>) {\n        if self.val(i).is_none() {\n            return;\n        }\n        let val = self.val(i).unwrap();\n        // \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\n        if order == \"pre\" {\n            res.push(val);\n        }\n        self.dfs(self.left(i), order, res);\n        // \u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\n        if order == \"in\" {\n            res.push(val);\n        }\n        self.dfs(self.right(i), order, res);\n        // \u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\n        if order == \"post\" {\n            res.push(val);\n        }\n    }\n\n    /* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\n    fn pre_order(&self) -> Vec<i32> {\n        let mut res = vec![];\n        self.dfs(0, \"pre\", &mut res);\n        res\n    }\n\n    /* \u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\n    fn in_order(&self) -> Vec<i32> {\n        let mut res = vec![];\n        self.dfs(0, \"in\", &mut res);\n        res\n    }\n\n    /* \u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\n    fn post_order(&self) -> Vec<i32> {\n        let mut res = vec![];\n        self.dfs(0, \"post\", &mut res);\n        res\n    }\n}\n
    array_binary_tree.c
    /* \u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a\u4e0b\u7684\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53 */\ntypedef struct {\n    int *tree;\n    int size;\n} ArrayBinaryTree;\n\n/* \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570 */\nArrayBinaryTree *newArrayBinaryTree(int *arr, int arrSize) {\n    ArrayBinaryTree *abt = (ArrayBinaryTree *)malloc(sizeof(ArrayBinaryTree));\n    abt->tree = malloc(sizeof(int) * arrSize);\n    memcpy(abt->tree, arr, sizeof(int) * arrSize);\n    abt->size = arrSize;\n    return abt;\n}\n\n/* \u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570 */\nvoid delArrayBinaryTree(ArrayBinaryTree *abt) {\n    free(abt->tree);\n    free(abt);\n}\n\n/* \u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf */\nint size(ArrayBinaryTree *abt) {\n    return abt->size;\n}\n\n/* \u83b7\u53d6\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a i \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u503c */\nint val(ArrayBinaryTree *abt, int i) {\n    // \u82e5\u7d22\u5f15\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de INT_MAX \uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u7a7a\u4f4d\n    if (i < 0 || i >= size(abt))\n        return INT_MAX;\n    return abt->tree[i];\n}\n\n/* \u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nint *levelOrder(ArrayBinaryTree *abt, int *returnSize) {\n    int *res = (int *)malloc(sizeof(int) * size(abt));\n    int index = 0;\n    // \u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\n    for (int i = 0; i < size(abt); i++) {\n        if (val(abt, i) != INT_MAX)\n            res[index++] = val(abt, i);\n    }\n    *returnSize = index;\n    return res;\n}\n\n/* \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 */\nvoid dfs(ArrayBinaryTree *abt, int i, char *order, int *res, int *index) {\n    // \u82e5\u4e3a\u7a7a\u4f4d\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\n    if (val(abt, i) == INT_MAX)\n        return;\n    // \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\n    if (strcmp(order, \"pre\") == 0)\n        res[(*index)++] = val(abt, i);\n    dfs(abt, left(i), order, res, index);\n    // \u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\n    if (strcmp(order, \"in\") == 0)\n        res[(*index)++] = val(abt, i);\n    dfs(abt, right(i), order, res, index);\n    // \u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\n    if (strcmp(order, \"post\") == 0)\n        res[(*index)++] = val(abt, i);\n}\n\n/* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nint *preOrder(ArrayBinaryTree *abt, int *returnSize) {\n    int *res = (int *)malloc(sizeof(int) * size(abt));\n    int index = 0;\n    dfs(abt, 0, \"pre\", res, &index);\n    *returnSize = index;\n    return res;\n}\n\n/* \u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nint *inOrder(ArrayBinaryTree *abt, int *returnSize) {\n    int *res = (int *)malloc(sizeof(int) * size(abt));\n    int index = 0;\n    dfs(abt, 0, \"in\", res, &index);\n    *returnSize = index;\n    return res;\n}\n\n/* \u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nint *postOrder(ArrayBinaryTree *abt, int *returnSize) {\n    int *res = (int *)malloc(sizeof(int) * size(abt));\n    int index = 0;\n    dfs(abt, 0, \"post\", res, &index);\n    *returnSize = index;\n    return res;\n}\n
    array_binary_tree.zig
    [class]{ArrayBinaryTree}-[func]{}\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_tree/array_representation_of_tree/#733","title":"7.3.3 \u00a0 \u4f18\u70b9\u4e0e\u5c40\u9650\u6027","text":"

    \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4f18\u70b9\u3002

    • \u6570\u7ec4\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\uff0c\u5bf9\u7f13\u5b58\u53cb\u597d\uff0c\u8bbf\u95ee\u4e0e\u904d\u5386\u901f\u5ea6\u8f83\u5feb\u3002
    • \u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5b58\u50a8\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f83\u8282\u7701\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002
    • \u5141\u8bb8\u968f\u673a\u8bbf\u95ee\u8282\u70b9\u3002

    \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u5c40\u9650\u6027\u3002

    • \u6570\u7ec4\u5b58\u50a8\u9700\u8981\u8fde\u7eed\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u9002\u5408\u5b58\u50a8\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u8fc7\u5927\u7684\u6811\u3002
    • \u589e\u5220\u8282\u70b9\u9700\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u63d2\u5165\u4e0e\u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u6548\u7387\u8f83\u4f4e\u3002
    • \u5f53\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u5927\u91cf None \u65f6\uff0c\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u636e\u6bd4\u91cd\u8f83\u4f4e\uff0c\u7a7a\u95f4\u5229\u7528\u7387\u8f83\u4f4e\u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_tree/avl_tree/","title":"7.5 \u00a0 AVL \u6811 *","text":"

    \u5728\u201c\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u201d\u7ae0\u8282\u4e2d\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u5230\uff0c\u5728\u591a\u6b21\u63d2\u5165\u548c\u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c\u540e\uff0c\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u53ef\u80fd\u9000\u5316\u4e3a\u94fe\u8868\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5c06\u4ece \\(O(\\log n)\\) \u52a3\u5316\u4e3a \\(O(n)\\) \u3002

    \u5982\u56fe 7-24 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e24\u6b21\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u8fd9\u68f5\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u4fbf\u4f1a\u9000\u5316\u4e3a\u94fe\u8868\u3002

    \u56fe 7-24 \u00a0 AVL \u6811\u5728\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u53d1\u751f\u9000\u5316

    \u518d\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u56fe 7-25 \u6240\u793a\u7684\u5b8c\u7f8e\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u4e2d\u63d2\u5165\u4e24\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u540e\uff0c\u6811\u5c06\u4e25\u91cd\u5411\u5de6\u503e\u659c\uff0c\u67e5\u627e\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e5f\u968f\u4e4b\u52a3\u5316\u3002

    \u56fe 7-25 \u00a0 AVL \u6811\u5728\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u53d1\u751f\u9000\u5316

    1962 \u5e74 G. M. Adelson-Velsky \u548c E. M. Landis \u5728\u8bba\u6587\u201cAn algorithm for the organization of information\u201d\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u300cAVL \u6811\u300d\u3002\u8bba\u6587\u4e2d\u8be6\u7ec6\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u5728\u6301\u7eed\u6dfb\u52a0\u548c\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u540e\uff0cAVL \u6811\u4e0d\u4f1a\u9000\u5316\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5404\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4fdd\u6301\u5728 \\(O(\\log n)\\) \u7ea7\u522b\u3002\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u9700\u8981\u9891\u7e41\u8fdb\u884c\u589e\u5220\u67e5\u6539\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\uff0cAVL \u6811\u80fd\u59cb\u7ec8\u4fdd\u6301\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u6570\u636e\u64cd\u4f5c\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u4ef7\u503c\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_tree/avl_tree/#751-avl","title":"7.5.1 \u00a0 AVL \u6811\u5e38\u89c1\u672f\u8bed","text":"

    AVL \u6811\u65e2\u662f\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u4e5f\u662f\u5e73\u8861\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u6ee1\u8db3\u8fd9\u4e24\u7c7b\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e5f\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u300c\u5e73\u8861\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811 balanced binary search tree\u300d\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_tree/avl_tree/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6","text":"

    \u7531\u4e8e AVL \u6811\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u64cd\u4f5c\u9700\u8981\u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u4e3a\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b\u6dfb\u52a0 height \u53d8\u91cf\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig 
    class TreeNode:\n    \"\"\"AVL \u6811\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b\"\"\"\n    def __init__(self, val: int):\n        self.val: int = val                 # \u8282\u70b9\u503c\n        self.height: int = 0                # \u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n        self.left: TreeNode | None = None   # \u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528\n        self.right: TreeNode | None = None  # \u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528\n
    /* AVL \u6811\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b */\nstruct TreeNode {\n    int val{};          // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\n    int height = 0;     // \u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n    TreeNode *left{};   // \u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\n    TreeNode *right{};  // \u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\n    TreeNode() = default;\n    explicit TreeNode(int x) : val(x){}\n};\n
    /* AVL \u6811\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b */\nclass TreeNode {\n    public int val;        // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\n    public int height;     // \u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n    public TreeNode left;  // \u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\n    public TreeNode right; // \u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\n    public TreeNode(int x) { val = x; }\n}\n
    /* AVL \u6811\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b */\nclass TreeNode(int? x) {\n    public int? val = x;    // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\n    public int height;      // \u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n    public TreeNode? left;  // \u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528\n    public TreeNode? right; // \u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528\n}\n
    /* AVL \u6811\u8282\u70b9\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53 */\ntype TreeNode struct {\n    Val    int       // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\n    Height int       // \u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n    Left   *TreeNode // \u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528\n    Right  *TreeNode // \u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528\n}\n
    /* AVL \u6811\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b */\nclass TreeNode {\n    var val: Int // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\n    var height: Int // \u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n    var left: TreeNode? // \u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\n    var right: TreeNode? // \u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\n\n    init(x: Int) {\n        val = x\n        height = 0\n    }\n}\n
    /* AVL \u6811\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b */\nclass TreeNode {\n    val; // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\n    height; //\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n    left; // \u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6307\u9488\n    right; // \u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6307\u9488\n    constructor(val, left, right, height) {\n        this.val = val === undefined ? 0 : val;\n        this.height = height === undefined ? 0 : height;\n        this.left = left === undefined ? null : left;\n        this.right = right === undefined ? null : right;\n    }\n}\n
    /* AVL \u6811\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b */\nclass TreeNode {\n    val: number;            // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\n    height: number;         // \u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n    left: TreeNode | null;  // \u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6307\u9488\n    right: TreeNode | null; // \u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6307\u9488\n    constructor(val?: number, height?: number, left?: TreeNode | null, right?: TreeNode | null) {\n        this.val = val === undefined ? 0 : val;\n        this.height = height === undefined ? 0 : height; \n        this.left = left === undefined ? null : left; \n        this.right = right === undefined ? null : right; \n    }\n}\n
    /* AVL \u6811\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b */\nclass TreeNode {\n  int val;         // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\n  int height;      // \u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n  TreeNode? left;  // \u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\n  TreeNode? right; // \u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\n  TreeNode(this.val, [this.height = 0, this.left, this.right]);\n}\n
    use std::rc::Rc;\nuse std::cell::RefCell;\n\n/* AVL \u6811\u8282\u70b9\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53 */\nstruct TreeNode {\n    val: i32,                               // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\n    height: i32,                            // \u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n    left: Option<Rc<RefCell<TreeNode>>>,    // \u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\n    right: Option<Rc<RefCell<TreeNode>>>,   // \u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\n}\n\nimpl TreeNode {\n    /* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\n    fn new(val: i32) -> Rc<RefCell<Self>> {\n        Rc::new(RefCell::new(Self {\n            val,\n            height: 0,\n            left: None,\n            right: None\n        }))\n    }\n}\n
    /* AVL \u6811\u8282\u70b9\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53 */\nTreeNode struct TreeNode {\n    int val;\n    int height;\n    struct TreeNode *left;\n    struct TreeNode *right;\n} TreeNode;\n\n/* \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570 */\nTreeNode *newTreeNode(int val) {\n    TreeNode *node;\n\n    node = (TreeNode *)malloc(sizeof(TreeNode));\n    node->val = val;\n    node->height = 0;\n    node->left = NULL;\n    node->right = NULL;\n    return node;\n}\n
    \n

    \u201c\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u201d\u662f\u6307\u4ece\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u5230\u5b83\u7684\u6700\u8fdc\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\uff0c\u5373\u6240\u7ecf\u8fc7\u7684\u201c\u8fb9\u201d\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u3002\u9700\u8981\u7279\u522b\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(0\\) \uff0c\u800c\u7a7a\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(-1\\) \u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u521b\u5efa\u4e24\u4e2a\u5de5\u5177\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u7528\u4e8e\u83b7\u53d6\u548c\u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig avl_tree.py
    def height(self, node: TreeNode | None) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\"\"\"\n    # \u7a7a\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a -1 \uff0c\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a 0\n    if node is not None:\n        return node.height\n    return -1\n\ndef update_height(self, node: TreeNode | None):\n    \"\"\"\u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\"\"\"\n    # \u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u6700\u9ad8\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6 + 1\n    node.height = max([self.height(node.left), self.height(node.right)]) + 1\n
    avl_tree.cpp
    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6 */\nint height(TreeNode *node) {\n    // \u7a7a\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a -1 \uff0c\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a 0\n    return node == nullptr ? -1 : node->height;\n}\n\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6 */\nvoid updateHeight(TreeNode *node) {\n    // \u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u6700\u9ad8\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6 + 1\n    node->height = max(height(node->left), height(node->right)) + 1;\n}\n
    avl_tree.java
    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6 */\nint height(TreeNode node) {\n    // \u7a7a\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a -1 \uff0c\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a 0\n    return node == null ? -1 : node.height;\n}\n\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6 */\nvoid updateHeight(TreeNode node) {\n    // \u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u6700\u9ad8\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6 + 1\n    node.height = Math.max(height(node.left), height(node.right)) + 1;\n}\n
    avl_tree.cs
    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6 */\nint Height(TreeNode? node) {\n    // \u7a7a\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a -1 \uff0c\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a 0\n    return node == null ? -1 : node.height;\n}\n\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6 */\nvoid UpdateHeight(TreeNode node) {\n    // \u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u6700\u9ad8\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6 + 1\n    node.height = Math.Max(Height(node.left), Height(node.right)) + 1;\n}\n
    avl_tree.go
    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6 */\nfunc (t *aVLTree) height(node *TreeNode) int {\n    // \u7a7a\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a -1 \uff0c\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a 0\n    if node != nil {\n        return node.Height\n    }\n    return -1\n}\n\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6 */\nfunc (t *aVLTree) updateHeight(node *TreeNode) {\n    lh := t.height(node.Left)\n    rh := t.height(node.Right)\n    // \u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u6700\u9ad8\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6 + 1\n    if lh > rh {\n        node.Height = lh + 1\n    } else {\n        node.Height = rh + 1\n    }\n}\n
    avl_tree.swift
    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6 */\nfunc height(node: TreeNode?) -> Int {\n    // \u7a7a\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a -1 \uff0c\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a 0\n    node == nil ? -1 : node!.height\n}\n\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6 */\nfunc updateHeight(node: TreeNode?) {\n    // \u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u6700\u9ad8\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6 + 1\n    node?.height = max(height(node: node?.left), height(node: node?.right)) + 1\n}\n
    avl_tree.js
    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6 */\nheight(node) {\n    // \u7a7a\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a -1 \uff0c\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a 0\n    return node === null ? -1 : node.height;\n}\n\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6 */\n#updateHeight(node) {\n    // \u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u6700\u9ad8\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6 + 1\n    node.height =\n        Math.max(this.height(node.left), this.height(node.right)) + 1;\n}\n
    avl_tree.ts
    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6 */\nheight(node: TreeNode): number {\n    // \u7a7a\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a -1 \uff0c\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a 0\n    return node === null ? -1 : node.height;\n}\n\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6 */\nupdateHeight(node: TreeNode): void {\n    // \u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u6700\u9ad8\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6 + 1\n    node.height =\n        Math.max(this.height(node.left), this.height(node.right)) + 1;\n}\n
    avl_tree.dart
    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6 */\nint height(TreeNode? node) {\n  // \u7a7a\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a -1 \uff0c\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a 0\n  return node == null ? -1 : node.height;\n}\n\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6 */\nvoid updateHeight(TreeNode? node) {\n  // \u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u6700\u9ad8\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6 + 1\n  node!.height = max(height(node.left), height(node.right)) + 1;\n}\n
    avl_tree.rs
    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6 */\nfn height(node: OptionTreeNodeRc) -> i32 {\n    // \u7a7a\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a -1 \uff0c\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a 0\n    match node {\n        Some(node) => node.borrow().height,\n        None => -1,\n    }\n}\n\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6 */\nfn update_height(node: OptionTreeNodeRc) {\n    if let Some(node) = node {\n        let left = node.borrow().left.clone();\n        let right = node.borrow().right.clone();\n        // \u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u6700\u9ad8\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6 + 1\n        node.borrow_mut().height = std::cmp::max(Self::height(left), Self::height(right)) + 1;\n    }\n}\n
    avl_tree.c
    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6 */\nint height(TreeNode *node) {\n    // \u7a7a\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a -1 \uff0c\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a 0\n    if (node != NULL) {\n        return node->height;\n    }\n    return -1;\n}\n\n/* \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6 */\nvoid updateHeight(TreeNode *node) {\n    int lh = height(node->left);\n    int rh = height(node->right);\n    // \u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u6700\u9ad8\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6 + 1\n    if (lh > rh) {\n        node->height = lh + 1;\n    } else {\n        node->height = rh + 1;\n    }\n}\n
    avl_tree.zig
    // \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\nfn height(self: *Self, node: ?*inc.TreeNode(T)) i32 {\n    _ = self;\n    // \u7a7a\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a -1 \uff0c\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a 0\n    return if (node == null) -1 else node.?.height;\n}\n\n// \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\nfn updateHeight(self: *Self, node: ?*inc.TreeNode(T)) void {\n    // \u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u6700\u9ad8\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6 + 1\n    node.?.height = @max(self.height(node.?.left), self.height(node.?.right)) + 1;\n}\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_tree/avl_tree/#2","title":"2. \u00a0 \u8282\u70b9\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50","text":"

    \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u300c\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50 balance factor\u300d\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u8282\u70b9\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u51cf\u53bb\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u89c4\u5b9a\u7a7a\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50\u4e3a \\(0\\) \u3002\u6211\u4eec\u540c\u6837\u5c06\u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u5c01\u88c5\u6210\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u65b9\u4fbf\u540e\u7eed\u4f7f\u7528\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig avl_tree.py
    def balance_factor(self, node: TreeNode | None) -> int:\n    \"\"\"\u83b7\u53d6\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50\"\"\"\n    # \u7a7a\u8282\u70b9\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50\u4e3a 0\n    if node is None:\n        return 0\n    # \u8282\u70b9\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50 = \u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6 - \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6\n    return self.height(node.left) - self.height(node.right)\n
    avl_tree.cpp
    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50 */\nint balanceFactor(TreeNode *node) {\n    // \u7a7a\u8282\u70b9\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50\u4e3a 0\n    if (node == nullptr)\n        return 0;\n    // \u8282\u70b9\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50 = \u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6 - \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6\n    return height(node->left) - height(node->right);\n}\n
    avl_tree.java
    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50 */\nint balanceFactor(TreeNode node) {\n    // \u7a7a\u8282\u70b9\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50\u4e3a 0\n    if (node == null)\n        return 0;\n    // \u8282\u70b9\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50 = \u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6 - \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6\n    return height(node.left) - height(node.right);\n}\n
    avl_tree.cs
    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50 */\nint BalanceFactor(TreeNode? node) {\n    // \u7a7a\u8282\u70b9\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50\u4e3a 0\n    if (node == null) return 0;\n    // \u8282\u70b9\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50 = \u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6 - \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6\n    return Height(node.left) - Height(node.right);\n}\n
    avl_tree.go
    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50 */\nfunc (t *aVLTree) balanceFactor(node *TreeNode) int {\n    // \u7a7a\u8282\u70b9\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50\u4e3a 0\n    if node == nil {\n        return 0\n    }\n    // \u8282\u70b9\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50 = \u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6 - \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6\n    return t.height(node.Left) - t.height(node.Right)\n}\n
    avl_tree.swift
    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50 */\nfunc balanceFactor(node: TreeNode?) -> Int {\n    // \u7a7a\u8282\u70b9\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50\u4e3a 0\n    guard let node = node else { return 0 }\n    // \u8282\u70b9\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50 = \u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6 - \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6\n    return height(node: node.left) - height(node: node.right)\n}\n
    avl_tree.js
    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50 */\nbalanceFactor(node) {\n    // \u7a7a\u8282\u70b9\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50\u4e3a 0\n    if (node === null) return 0;\n    // \u8282\u70b9\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50 = \u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6 - \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6\n    return this.height(node.left) - this.height(node.right);\n}\n
    avl_tree.ts
    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50 */\nbalanceFactor(node: TreeNode): number {\n    // \u7a7a\u8282\u70b9\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50\u4e3a 0\n    if (node === null) return 0;\n    // \u8282\u70b9\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50 = \u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6 - \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6\n    return this.height(node.left) - this.height(node.right);\n}\n
    avl_tree.dart
    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50 */\nint balanceFactor(TreeNode? node) {\n  // \u7a7a\u8282\u70b9\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50\u4e3a 0\n  if (node == null) return 0;\n  // \u8282\u70b9\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50 = \u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6 - \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6\n  return height(node.left) - height(node.right);\n}\n
    avl_tree.rs
    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50 */\nfn balance_factor(node: OptionTreeNodeRc) -> i32 {\n    match node {\n        // \u7a7a\u8282\u70b9\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50\u4e3a 0\n        None => 0,\n        // \u8282\u70b9\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50 = \u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6 - \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6\n        Some(node) => {\n            Self::height(node.borrow().left.clone()) - Self::height(node.borrow().right.clone())\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    avl_tree.c
    /* \u83b7\u53d6\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50 */\nint balanceFactor(TreeNode *node) {\n    // \u7a7a\u8282\u70b9\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50\u4e3a 0\n    if (node == NULL) {\n        return 0;\n    }\n    // \u8282\u70b9\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50 = \u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6 - \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6\n    return height(node->left) - height(node->right);\n}\n
    avl_tree.zig
    // \u83b7\u53d6\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50\nfn balanceFactor(self: *Self, node: ?*inc.TreeNode(T)) i32 {\n    // \u7a7a\u8282\u70b9\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50\u4e3a 0\n    if (node == null) return 0;\n    // \u8282\u70b9\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50 = \u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6 - \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u9ad8\u5ea6\n    return self.height(node.?.left) - self.height(node.?.right);\n}\n

    Note

    \u8bbe\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50\u4e3a \\(f\\) \uff0c\u5219\u4e00\u68f5 AVL \u6811\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50\u7686\u6ee1\u8db3 \\(-1 \\le f \\le 1\\) \u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_tree/avl_tree/#752-avl","title":"7.5.2 \u00a0 AVL \u6811\u65cb\u8f6c","text":"

    AVL \u6811\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u5728\u4e8e\u201c\u65cb\u8f6c\u201d\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5b83\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u4e0d\u5f71\u54cd\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f7f\u5931\u8861\u8282\u70b9\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861\u3002\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\u65e2\u80fd\u4fdd\u6301\u201c\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u201d\u7684\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u4e5f\u80fd\u4f7f\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u53d8\u4e3a\u201c\u5e73\u8861\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u201d\u3002

    \u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50\u7edd\u5bf9\u503c \\(> 1\\) \u7684\u8282\u70b9\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u5931\u8861\u8282\u70b9\u201d\u3002\u6839\u636e\u8282\u70b9\u5931\u8861\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\u5206\u4e3a\u56db\u79cd\uff1a\u53f3\u65cb\u3001\u5de6\u65cb\u3001\u5148\u53f3\u65cb\u540e\u5de6\u65cb\u3001\u5148\u5de6\u65cb\u540e\u53f3\u65cb\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_tree/avl_tree/#1_1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u53f3\u65cb","text":"

    \u5982\u56fe 7-26 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u8282\u70b9\u4e0b\u65b9\u4e3a\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50\u3002\u4ece\u5e95\u81f3\u9876\u770b\uff0c\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u4e2d\u9996\u4e2a\u5931\u8861\u8282\u70b9\u662f\u201c\u8282\u70b9 3\u201d\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5173\u6ce8\u4ee5\u8be5\u5931\u8861\u8282\u70b9\u4e3a\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5b50\u6811\uff0c\u5c06\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u8bb0\u4e3a node \uff0c\u5176\u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u8bb0\u4e3a child \uff0c\u6267\u884c\u201c\u53f3\u65cb\u201d\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u5b8c\u6210\u53f3\u65cb\u540e\uff0c\u5b50\u6811\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4ecd\u7136\u4fdd\u6301\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u3002

    <1><2><3><4>

    \u56fe 7-26 \u00a0 \u53f3\u65cb\u64cd\u4f5c\u6b65\u9aa4

    \u5982\u56fe 7-27 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5f53\u8282\u70b9 child \u6709\u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u8bb0\u4e3a grand_child \uff09\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5728\u53f3\u65cb\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u6b65\uff1a\u5c06 grand_child \u4f5c\u4e3a node \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u3002

    \u56fe 7-27 \u00a0 \u6709 grand_child \u7684\u53f3\u65cb\u64cd\u4f5c

    \u201c\u5411\u53f3\u65cb\u8f6c\u201d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5f62\u8c61\u5316\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u9700\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u4fee\u6539\u8282\u70b9\u6307\u9488\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig avl_tree.py
    def right_rotate(self, node: TreeNode | None) -> TreeNode | None:\n    \"\"\"\u53f3\u65cb\u64cd\u4f5c\"\"\"\n    child = node.left\n    grand_child = child.right\n    # \u4ee5 child \u4e3a\u539f\u70b9\uff0c\u5c06 node \u5411\u53f3\u65cb\u8f6c\n    child.right = node\n    node.left = grand_child\n    # \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n    self.update_height(node)\n    self.update_height(child)\n    # \u8fd4\u56de\u65cb\u8f6c\u540e\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    return child\n
    avl_tree.cpp
    /* \u53f3\u65cb\u64cd\u4f5c */\nTreeNode *rightRotate(TreeNode *node) {\n    TreeNode *child = node->left;\n    TreeNode *grandChild = child->right;\n    // \u4ee5 child \u4e3a\u539f\u70b9\uff0c\u5c06 node \u5411\u53f3\u65cb\u8f6c\n    child->right = node;\n    node->left = grandChild;\n    // \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n    updateHeight(node);\n    updateHeight(child);\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u65cb\u8f6c\u540e\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    return child;\n}\n
    avl_tree.java
    /* \u53f3\u65cb\u64cd\u4f5c */\nTreeNode rightRotate(TreeNode node) {\n    TreeNode child = node.left;\n    TreeNode grandChild = child.right;\n    // \u4ee5 child \u4e3a\u539f\u70b9\uff0c\u5c06 node \u5411\u53f3\u65cb\u8f6c\n    child.right = node;\n    node.left = grandChild;\n    // \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n    updateHeight(node);\n    updateHeight(child);\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u65cb\u8f6c\u540e\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    return child;\n}\n
    avl_tree.cs
    /* \u53f3\u65cb\u64cd\u4f5c */\nTreeNode? RightRotate(TreeNode? node) {\n    TreeNode? child = node?.left;\n    TreeNode? grandChild = child?.right;\n    // \u4ee5 child \u4e3a\u539f\u70b9\uff0c\u5c06 node \u5411\u53f3\u65cb\u8f6c\n    child.right = node;\n    node.left = grandChild;\n    // \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n    UpdateHeight(node);\n    UpdateHeight(child);\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u65cb\u8f6c\u540e\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    return child;\n}\n
    avl_tree.go
    /* \u53f3\u65cb\u64cd\u4f5c */\nfunc (t *aVLTree) rightRotate(node *TreeNode) *TreeNode {\n    child := node.Left\n    grandChild := child.Right\n    // \u4ee5 child \u4e3a\u539f\u70b9\uff0c\u5c06 node \u5411\u53f3\u65cb\u8f6c\n    child.Right = node\n    node.Left = grandChild\n    // \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n    t.updateHeight(node)\n    t.updateHeight(child)\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u65cb\u8f6c\u540e\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    return child\n}\n
    avl_tree.swift
    /* \u53f3\u65cb\u64cd\u4f5c */\nfunc rightRotate(node: TreeNode?) -> TreeNode? {\n    let child = node?.left\n    let grandChild = child?.right\n    // \u4ee5 child \u4e3a\u539f\u70b9\uff0c\u5c06 node \u5411\u53f3\u65cb\u8f6c\n    child?.right = node\n    node?.left = grandChild\n    // \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n    updateHeight(node: node)\n    updateHeight(node: child)\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u65cb\u8f6c\u540e\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    return child\n}\n
    avl_tree.js
    /* \u53f3\u65cb\u64cd\u4f5c */\n#rightRotate(node) {\n    const child = node.left;\n    const grandChild = child.right;\n    // \u4ee5 child \u4e3a\u539f\u70b9\uff0c\u5c06 node \u5411\u53f3\u65cb\u8f6c\n    child.right = node;\n    node.left = grandChild;\n    // \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n    this.#updateHeight(node);\n    this.#updateHeight(child);\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u65cb\u8f6c\u540e\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    return child;\n}\n
    avl_tree.ts
    /* \u53f3\u65cb\u64cd\u4f5c */\nrightRotate(node: TreeNode): TreeNode {\n    const child = node.left;\n    const grandChild = child.right;\n    // \u4ee5 child \u4e3a\u539f\u70b9\uff0c\u5c06 node \u5411\u53f3\u65cb\u8f6c\n    child.right = node;\n    node.left = grandChild;\n    // \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n    this.updateHeight(node);\n    this.updateHeight(child);\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u65cb\u8f6c\u540e\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    return child;\n}\n
    avl_tree.dart
    /* \u53f3\u65cb\u64cd\u4f5c */\nTreeNode? rightRotate(TreeNode? node) {\n  TreeNode? child = node!.left;\n  TreeNode? grandChild = child!.right;\n  // \u4ee5 child \u4e3a\u539f\u70b9\uff0c\u5c06 node \u5411\u53f3\u65cb\u8f6c\n  child.right = node;\n  node.left = grandChild;\n  // \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n  updateHeight(node);\n  updateHeight(child);\n  // \u8fd4\u56de\u65cb\u8f6c\u540e\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n  return child;\n}\n
    avl_tree.rs
    /* \u53f3\u65cb\u64cd\u4f5c */\nfn right_rotate(node: OptionTreeNodeRc) -> OptionTreeNodeRc {\n    match node {\n        Some(node) => {\n            let child = node.borrow().left.clone().unwrap();\n            let grand_child = child.borrow().right.clone();\n            // \u4ee5 child \u4e3a\u539f\u70b9\uff0c\u5c06 node \u5411\u53f3\u65cb\u8f6c\n            child.borrow_mut().right = Some(node.clone());\n            node.borrow_mut().left = grand_child;\n            // \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n            Self::update_height(Some(node));\n            Self::update_height(Some(child.clone()));\n            // \u8fd4\u56de\u65cb\u8f6c\u540e\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n            Some(child)\n        }\n        None => None,\n    }\n}\n
    avl_tree.c
    /* \u53f3\u65cb\u64cd\u4f5c */\nTreeNode *rightRotate(TreeNode *node) {\n    TreeNode *child, *grandChild;\n    child = node->left;\n    grandChild = child->right;\n    // \u4ee5 child \u4e3a\u539f\u70b9\uff0c\u5c06 node \u5411\u53f3\u65cb\u8f6c\n    child->right = node;\n    node->left = grandChild;\n    // \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n    updateHeight(node);\n    updateHeight(child);\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u65cb\u8f6c\u540e\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    return child;\n}\n
    avl_tree.zig
    // \u53f3\u65cb\u64cd\u4f5c\nfn rightRotate(self: *Self, node: ?*inc.TreeNode(T)) ?*inc.TreeNode(T) {\n    var child = node.?.left;\n    var grandChild = child.?.right;\n    // \u4ee5 child \u4e3a\u539f\u70b9\uff0c\u5c06 node \u5411\u53f3\u65cb\u8f6c\n    child.?.right = node;\n    node.?.left = grandChild;\n    // \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n    self.updateHeight(node);\n    self.updateHeight(child);\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u65cb\u8f6c\u540e\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    return child;\n}\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_tree/avl_tree/#2_1","title":"2. \u00a0 \u5de6\u65cb","text":"

    \u76f8\u5e94\u5730\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8003\u8651\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5931\u8861\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u201c\u955c\u50cf\u201d\uff0c\u5219\u9700\u8981\u6267\u884c\u56fe 7-28 \u6240\u793a\u7684\u201c\u5de6\u65cb\u201d\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002

    \u56fe 7-28 \u00a0 \u5de6\u65cb\u64cd\u4f5c

    \u540c\u7406\uff0c\u5982\u56fe 7-29 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5f53\u8282\u70b9 child \u6709\u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u8bb0\u4e3a grand_child \uff09\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5728\u5de6\u65cb\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u6b65\uff1a\u5c06 grand_child \u4f5c\u4e3a node \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u3002

    \u56fe 7-29 \u00a0 \u6709 grand_child \u7684\u5de6\u65cb\u64cd\u4f5c

    \u53ef\u4ee5\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\uff0c\u53f3\u65cb\u548c\u5de6\u65cb\u64cd\u4f5c\u5728\u903b\u8f91\u4e0a\u662f\u955c\u50cf\u5bf9\u79f0\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5206\u522b\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u4e24\u79cd\u5931\u8861\u60c5\u51b5\u4e5f\u662f\u5bf9\u79f0\u7684\u3002\u57fa\u4e8e\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u9700\u5c06\u53f3\u65cb\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u7684 left \u66ff\u6362\u4e3a right \uff0c\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u7684 right \u66ff\u6362\u4e3a left \uff0c\u5373\u53ef\u5f97\u5230\u5de6\u65cb\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig avl_tree.py
    def left_rotate(self, node: TreeNode | None) -> TreeNode | None:\n    \"\"\"\u5de6\u65cb\u64cd\u4f5c\"\"\"\n    child = node.right\n    grand_child = child.left\n    # \u4ee5 child \u4e3a\u539f\u70b9\uff0c\u5c06 node \u5411\u5de6\u65cb\u8f6c\n    child.left = node\n    node.right = grand_child\n    # \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n    self.update_height(node)\n    self.update_height(child)\n    # \u8fd4\u56de\u65cb\u8f6c\u540e\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    return child\n
    avl_tree.cpp
    /* \u5de6\u65cb\u64cd\u4f5c */\nTreeNode *leftRotate(TreeNode *node) {\n    TreeNode *child = node->right;\n    TreeNode *grandChild = child->left;\n    // \u4ee5 child \u4e3a\u539f\u70b9\uff0c\u5c06 node \u5411\u5de6\u65cb\u8f6c\n    child->left = node;\n    node->right = grandChild;\n    // \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n    updateHeight(node);\n    updateHeight(child);\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u65cb\u8f6c\u540e\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    return child;\n}\n
    avl_tree.java
    /* \u5de6\u65cb\u64cd\u4f5c */\nTreeNode leftRotate(TreeNode node) {\n    TreeNode child = node.right;\n    TreeNode grandChild = child.left;\n    // \u4ee5 child \u4e3a\u539f\u70b9\uff0c\u5c06 node \u5411\u5de6\u65cb\u8f6c\n    child.left = node;\n    node.right = grandChild;\n    // \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n    updateHeight(node);\n    updateHeight(child);\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u65cb\u8f6c\u540e\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    return child;\n}\n
    avl_tree.cs
    /* \u5de6\u65cb\u64cd\u4f5c */\nTreeNode? LeftRotate(TreeNode? node) {\n    TreeNode? child = node?.right;\n    TreeNode? grandChild = child?.left;\n    // \u4ee5 child \u4e3a\u539f\u70b9\uff0c\u5c06 node \u5411\u5de6\u65cb\u8f6c\n    child.left = node;\n    node.right = grandChild;\n    // \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n    UpdateHeight(node);\n    UpdateHeight(child);\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u65cb\u8f6c\u540e\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    return child;\n}\n
    avl_tree.go
    /* \u5de6\u65cb\u64cd\u4f5c */\nfunc (t *aVLTree) leftRotate(node *TreeNode) *TreeNode {\n    child := node.Right\n    grandChild := child.Left\n    // \u4ee5 child \u4e3a\u539f\u70b9\uff0c\u5c06 node \u5411\u5de6\u65cb\u8f6c\n    child.Left = node\n    node.Right = grandChild\n    // \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n    t.updateHeight(node)\n    t.updateHeight(child)\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u65cb\u8f6c\u540e\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    return child\n}\n
    avl_tree.swift
    /* \u5de6\u65cb\u64cd\u4f5c */\nfunc leftRotate(node: TreeNode?) -> TreeNode? {\n    let child = node?.right\n    let grandChild = child?.left\n    // \u4ee5 child \u4e3a\u539f\u70b9\uff0c\u5c06 node \u5411\u5de6\u65cb\u8f6c\n    child?.left = node\n    node?.right = grandChild\n    // \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n    updateHeight(node: node)\n    updateHeight(node: child)\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u65cb\u8f6c\u540e\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    return child\n}\n
    avl_tree.js
    /* \u5de6\u65cb\u64cd\u4f5c */\n#leftRotate(node) {\n    const child = node.right;\n    const grandChild = child.left;\n    // \u4ee5 child \u4e3a\u539f\u70b9\uff0c\u5c06 node \u5411\u5de6\u65cb\u8f6c\n    child.left = node;\n    node.right = grandChild;\n    // \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n    this.#updateHeight(node);\n    this.#updateHeight(child);\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u65cb\u8f6c\u540e\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    return child;\n}\n
    avl_tree.ts
    /* \u5de6\u65cb\u64cd\u4f5c */\nleftRotate(node: TreeNode): TreeNode {\n    const child = node.right;\n    const grandChild = child.left;\n    // \u4ee5 child \u4e3a\u539f\u70b9\uff0c\u5c06 node \u5411\u5de6\u65cb\u8f6c\n    child.left = node;\n    node.right = grandChild;\n    // \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n    this.updateHeight(node);\n    this.updateHeight(child);\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u65cb\u8f6c\u540e\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    return child;\n}\n
    avl_tree.dart
    /* \u5de6\u65cb\u64cd\u4f5c */\nTreeNode? leftRotate(TreeNode? node) {\n  TreeNode? child = node!.right;\n  TreeNode? grandChild = child!.left;\n  // \u4ee5 child \u4e3a\u539f\u70b9\uff0c\u5c06 node \u5411\u5de6\u65cb\u8f6c\n  child.left = node;\n  node.right = grandChild;\n  // \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n  updateHeight(node);\n  updateHeight(child);\n  // \u8fd4\u56de\u65cb\u8f6c\u540e\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n  return child;\n}\n
    avl_tree.rs
    /* \u5de6\u65cb\u64cd\u4f5c */\nfn left_rotate(node: OptionTreeNodeRc) -> OptionTreeNodeRc {\n    match node {\n        Some(node) => {\n            let child = node.borrow().right.clone().unwrap();\n            let grand_child = child.borrow().left.clone();\n            // \u4ee5 child \u4e3a\u539f\u70b9\uff0c\u5c06 node \u5411\u5de6\u65cb\u8f6c\n            child.borrow_mut().left = Some(node.clone());\n            node.borrow_mut().right = grand_child;\n            // \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n            Self::update_height(Some(node));\n            Self::update_height(Some(child.clone()));\n            // \u8fd4\u56de\u65cb\u8f6c\u540e\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n            Some(child)\n        }\n        None => None,\n    }\n}\n
    avl_tree.c
    /* \u5de6\u65cb\u64cd\u4f5c */\nTreeNode *leftRotate(TreeNode *node) {\n    TreeNode *child, *grandChild;\n    child = node->right;\n    grandChild = child->left;\n    // \u4ee5 child \u4e3a\u539f\u70b9\uff0c\u5c06 node \u5411\u5de6\u65cb\u8f6c\n    child->left = node;\n    node->right = grandChild;\n    // \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n    updateHeight(node);\n    updateHeight(child);\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u65cb\u8f6c\u540e\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    return child;\n}\n
    avl_tree.zig
    // \u5de6\u65cb\u64cd\u4f5c\nfn leftRotate(self: *Self, node: ?*inc.TreeNode(T)) ?*inc.TreeNode(T) {\n    var child = node.?.right;\n    var grandChild = child.?.left;\n    // \u4ee5 child \u4e3a\u539f\u70b9\uff0c\u5c06 node \u5411\u5de6\u65cb\u8f6c\n    child.?.left = node;\n    node.?.right = grandChild;\n    // \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n    self.updateHeight(node);\n    self.updateHeight(child);\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u65cb\u8f6c\u540e\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    return child;\n}\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_tree/avl_tree/#3","title":"3. \u00a0 \u5148\u5de6\u65cb\u540e\u53f3\u65cb","text":"

    \u5bf9\u4e8e\u56fe 7-30 \u4e2d\u7684\u5931\u8861\u8282\u70b9 3 \uff0c\u4ec5\u4f7f\u7528\u5de6\u65cb\u6216\u53f3\u65cb\u90fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u4f7f\u5b50\u6811\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u5148\u5bf9 child \u6267\u884c\u201c\u5de6\u65cb\u201d\uff0c\u518d\u5bf9 node \u6267\u884c\u201c\u53f3\u65cb\u201d\u3002

    \u56fe 7-30 \u00a0 \u5148\u5de6\u65cb\u540e\u53f3\u65cb

    "},{"location":"chapter_tree/avl_tree/#4","title":"4. \u00a0 \u5148\u53f3\u65cb\u540e\u5de6\u65cb","text":"

    \u5982\u56fe 7-31 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5931\u8861\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u955c\u50cf\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5148\u5bf9 child \u6267\u884c\u201c\u53f3\u65cb\u201d\uff0c\u518d\u5bf9 node \u6267\u884c\u201c\u5de6\u65cb\u201d\u3002

    \u56fe 7-31 \u00a0 \u5148\u53f3\u65cb\u540e\u5de6\u65cb

    "},{"location":"chapter_tree/avl_tree/#5","title":"5. \u00a0 \u65cb\u8f6c\u7684\u9009\u62e9","text":"

    \u56fe 7-32 \u5c55\u793a\u7684\u56db\u79cd\u5931\u8861\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0e\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6848\u4f8b\u9010\u4e2a\u5bf9\u5e94\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u9700\u8981\u91c7\u7528\u53f3\u65cb\u3001\u5148\u5de6\u65cb\u540e\u53f3\u65cb\u3001\u5148\u53f3\u65cb\u540e\u5de6\u65cb\u3001\u5de6\u65cb\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002

    \u56fe 7-32 \u00a0 AVL \u6811\u7684\u56db\u79cd\u65cb\u8f6c\u60c5\u51b5

    \u5982\u4e0b\u8868\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u5224\u65ad\u5931\u8861\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50\u4ee5\u53ca\u8f83\u9ad8\u4e00\u4fa7\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50\u7684\u6b63\u8d1f\u53f7\uff0c\u6765\u786e\u5b9a\u5931\u8861\u8282\u70b9\u5c5e\u4e8e\u56fe 7-32 \u4e2d\u7684\u54ea\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u3002

    \u8868 7-3 \u00a0 \u56db\u79cd\u65cb\u8f6c\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u6761\u4ef6

    \u5931\u8861\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50 \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50 \u5e94\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u65cb\u8f6c\u65b9\u6cd5 \\(> 1\\) \uff08\u5de6\u504f\u6811\uff09 \\(\\geq 0\\) \u53f3\u65cb \\(> 1\\) \uff08\u5de6\u504f\u6811\uff09 \\(<0\\) \u5148\u5de6\u65cb\u540e\u53f3\u65cb \\(< -1\\) \uff08\u53f3\u504f\u6811\uff09 \\(\\leq 0\\) \u5de6\u65cb \\(< -1\\) \uff08\u53f3\u504f\u6811\uff09 \\(>0\\) \u5148\u53f3\u65cb\u540e\u5de6\u65cb

    \u4e3a\u4e86\u4fbf\u4e8e\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\u5c01\u88c5\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u6709\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u80fd\u5bf9\u5404\u79cd\u5931\u8861\u60c5\u51b5\u8fdb\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\uff0c\u4f7f\u5931\u8861\u8282\u70b9\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861\u3002\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig avl_tree.py
    def rotate(self, node: TreeNode | None) -> TreeNode | None:\n    \"\"\"\u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861\"\"\"\n    # \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9 node \u7684\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50\n    balance_factor = self.balance_factor(node)\n    # \u5de6\u504f\u6811\n    if balance_factor > 1:\n        if self.balance_factor(node.left) >= 0:\n            # \u53f3\u65cb\n            return self.right_rotate(node)\n        else:\n            # \u5148\u5de6\u65cb\u540e\u53f3\u65cb\n            node.left = self.left_rotate(node.left)\n            return self.right_rotate(node)\n    # \u53f3\u504f\u6811\n    elif balance_factor < -1:\n        if self.balance_factor(node.right) <= 0:\n            # \u5de6\u65cb\n            return self.left_rotate(node)\n        else:\n            # \u5148\u53f3\u65cb\u540e\u5de6\u65cb\n            node.right = self.right_rotate(node.right)\n            return self.left_rotate(node)\n    # \u5e73\u8861\u6811\uff0c\u65e0\u987b\u65cb\u8f6c\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n    return node\n
    avl_tree.cpp
    /* \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861 */\nTreeNode *rotate(TreeNode *node) {\n    // \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9 node \u7684\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50\n    int _balanceFactor = balanceFactor(node);\n    // \u5de6\u504f\u6811\n    if (_balanceFactor > 1) {\n        if (balanceFactor(node->left) >= 0) {\n            // \u53f3\u65cb\n            return rightRotate(node);\n        } else {\n            // \u5148\u5de6\u65cb\u540e\u53f3\u65cb\n            node->left = leftRotate(node->left);\n            return rightRotate(node);\n        }\n    }\n    // \u53f3\u504f\u6811\n    if (_balanceFactor < -1) {\n        if (balanceFactor(node->right) <= 0) {\n            // \u5de6\u65cb\n            return leftRotate(node);\n        } else {\n            // \u5148\u53f3\u65cb\u540e\u5de6\u65cb\n            node->right = rightRotate(node->right);\n            return leftRotate(node);\n        }\n    }\n    // \u5e73\u8861\u6811\uff0c\u65e0\u987b\u65cb\u8f6c\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n    return node;\n}\n
    avl_tree.java
    /* \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861 */\nTreeNode rotate(TreeNode node) {\n    // \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9 node \u7684\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50\n    int balanceFactor = balanceFactor(node);\n    // \u5de6\u504f\u6811\n    if (balanceFactor > 1) {\n        if (balanceFactor(node.left) >= 0) {\n            // \u53f3\u65cb\n            return rightRotate(node);\n        } else {\n            // \u5148\u5de6\u65cb\u540e\u53f3\u65cb\n            node.left = leftRotate(node.left);\n            return rightRotate(node);\n        }\n    }\n    // \u53f3\u504f\u6811\n    if (balanceFactor < -1) {\n        if (balanceFactor(node.right) <= 0) {\n            // \u5de6\u65cb\n            return leftRotate(node);\n        } else {\n            // \u5148\u53f3\u65cb\u540e\u5de6\u65cb\n            node.right = rightRotate(node.right);\n            return leftRotate(node);\n        }\n    }\n    // \u5e73\u8861\u6811\uff0c\u65e0\u987b\u65cb\u8f6c\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n    return node;\n}\n
    avl_tree.cs
    /* \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861 */\nTreeNode? Rotate(TreeNode? node) {\n    // \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9 node \u7684\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50\n    int balanceFactorInt = BalanceFactor(node);\n    // \u5de6\u504f\u6811\n    if (balanceFactorInt > 1) {\n        if (BalanceFactor(node?.left) >= 0) {\n            // \u53f3\u65cb\n            return RightRotate(node);\n        } else {\n            // \u5148\u5de6\u65cb\u540e\u53f3\u65cb\n            node!.left = LeftRotate(node!.left);\n            return RightRotate(node);\n        }\n    }\n    // \u53f3\u504f\u6811\n    if (balanceFactorInt < -1) {\n        if (BalanceFactor(node?.right) <= 0) {\n            // \u5de6\u65cb\n            return LeftRotate(node);\n        } else {\n            // \u5148\u53f3\u65cb\u540e\u5de6\u65cb\n            node!.right = RightRotate(node!.right);\n            return LeftRotate(node);\n        }\n    }\n    // \u5e73\u8861\u6811\uff0c\u65e0\u987b\u65cb\u8f6c\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n    return node;\n}\n
    avl_tree.go
    /* \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861 */\nfunc (t *aVLTree) rotate(node *TreeNode) *TreeNode {\n    // \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9 node \u7684\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50\n    // Go \u63a8\u8350\u77ed\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc bf \u6307\u4ee3 t.balanceFactor\n    bf := t.balanceFactor(node)\n    // \u5de6\u504f\u6811\n    if bf > 1 {\n        if t.balanceFactor(node.Left) >= 0 {\n            // \u53f3\u65cb\n            return t.rightRotate(node)\n        } else {\n            // \u5148\u5de6\u65cb\u540e\u53f3\u65cb\n            node.Left = t.leftRotate(node.Left)\n            return t.rightRotate(node)\n        }\n    }\n    // \u53f3\u504f\u6811\n    if bf < -1 {\n        if t.balanceFactor(node.Right) <= 0 {\n            // \u5de6\u65cb\n            return t.leftRotate(node)\n        } else {\n            // \u5148\u53f3\u65cb\u540e\u5de6\u65cb\n            node.Right = t.rightRotate(node.Right)\n            return t.leftRotate(node)\n        }\n    }\n    // \u5e73\u8861\u6811\uff0c\u65e0\u987b\u65cb\u8f6c\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n    return node\n}\n
    avl_tree.swift
    /* \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861 */\nfunc rotate(node: TreeNode?) -> TreeNode? {\n    // \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9 node \u7684\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50\n    let balanceFactor = balanceFactor(node: node)\n    // \u5de6\u504f\u6811\n    if balanceFactor > 1 {\n        if self.balanceFactor(node: node?.left) >= 0 {\n            // \u53f3\u65cb\n            return rightRotate(node: node)\n        } else {\n            // \u5148\u5de6\u65cb\u540e\u53f3\u65cb\n            node?.left = leftRotate(node: node?.left)\n            return rightRotate(node: node)\n        }\n    }\n    // \u53f3\u504f\u6811\n    if balanceFactor < -1 {\n        if self.balanceFactor(node: node?.right) <= 0 {\n            // \u5de6\u65cb\n            return leftRotate(node: node)\n        } else {\n            // \u5148\u53f3\u65cb\u540e\u5de6\u65cb\n            node?.right = rightRotate(node: node?.right)\n            return leftRotate(node: node)\n        }\n    }\n    // \u5e73\u8861\u6811\uff0c\u65e0\u987b\u65cb\u8f6c\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n    return node\n}\n
    avl_tree.js
    /* \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861 */\n#rotate(node) {\n    // \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9 node \u7684\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50\n    const balanceFactor = this.balanceFactor(node);\n    // \u5de6\u504f\u6811\n    if (balanceFactor > 1) {\n        if (this.balanceFactor(node.left) >= 0) {\n            // \u53f3\u65cb\n            return this.#rightRotate(node);\n        } else {\n            // \u5148\u5de6\u65cb\u540e\u53f3\u65cb\n            node.left = this.#leftRotate(node.left);\n            return this.#rightRotate(node);\n        }\n    }\n    // \u53f3\u504f\u6811\n    if (balanceFactor < -1) {\n        if (this.balanceFactor(node.right) <= 0) {\n            // \u5de6\u65cb\n            return this.#leftRotate(node);\n        } else {\n            // \u5148\u53f3\u65cb\u540e\u5de6\u65cb\n            node.right = this.#rightRotate(node.right);\n            return this.#leftRotate(node);\n        }\n    }\n    // \u5e73\u8861\u6811\uff0c\u65e0\u987b\u65cb\u8f6c\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n    return node;\n}\n
    avl_tree.ts
    /* \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861 */\nrotate(node: TreeNode): TreeNode {\n    // \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9 node \u7684\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50\n    const balanceFactor = this.balanceFactor(node);\n    // \u5de6\u504f\u6811\n    if (balanceFactor > 1) {\n        if (this.balanceFactor(node.left) >= 0) {\n            // \u53f3\u65cb\n            return this.rightRotate(node);\n        } else {\n            // \u5148\u5de6\u65cb\u540e\u53f3\u65cb\n            node.left = this.leftRotate(node.left);\n            return this.rightRotate(node);\n        }\n    }\n    // \u53f3\u504f\u6811\n    if (balanceFactor < -1) {\n        if (this.balanceFactor(node.right) <= 0) {\n            // \u5de6\u65cb\n            return this.leftRotate(node);\n        } else {\n            // \u5148\u53f3\u65cb\u540e\u5de6\u65cb\n            node.right = this.rightRotate(node.right);\n            return this.leftRotate(node);\n        }\n    }\n    // \u5e73\u8861\u6811\uff0c\u65e0\u987b\u65cb\u8f6c\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n    return node;\n}\n
    avl_tree.dart
    /* \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861 */\nTreeNode? rotate(TreeNode? node) {\n  // \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9 node \u7684\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50\n  int factor = balanceFactor(node);\n  // \u5de6\u504f\u6811\n  if (factor > 1) {\n    if (balanceFactor(node!.left) >= 0) {\n      // \u53f3\u65cb\n      return rightRotate(node);\n    } else {\n      // \u5148\u5de6\u65cb\u540e\u53f3\u65cb\n      node.left = leftRotate(node.left);\n      return rightRotate(node);\n    }\n  }\n  // \u53f3\u504f\u6811\n  if (factor < -1) {\n    if (balanceFactor(node!.right) <= 0) {\n      // \u5de6\u65cb\n      return leftRotate(node);\n    } else {\n      // \u5148\u53f3\u65cb\u540e\u5de6\u65cb\n      node.right = rightRotate(node.right);\n      return leftRotate(node);\n    }\n  }\n  // \u5e73\u8861\u6811\uff0c\u65e0\u987b\u65cb\u8f6c\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n  return node;\n}\n
    avl_tree.rs
    /* \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861 */\nfn rotate(node: OptionTreeNodeRc) -> OptionTreeNodeRc {\n    // \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9 node \u7684\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50\n    let balance_factor = Self::balance_factor(node.clone());\n    // \u5de6\u504f\u6811\n    if balance_factor > 1 {\n        let node = node.unwrap();\n        if Self::balance_factor(node.borrow().left.clone()) >= 0 {\n            // \u53f3\u65cb\n            Self::right_rotate(Some(node))\n        } else {\n            // \u5148\u5de6\u65cb\u540e\u53f3\u65cb\n            let left = node.borrow().left.clone();\n            node.borrow_mut().left = Self::left_rotate(left);\n            Self::right_rotate(Some(node))\n        }\n    }\n    // \u53f3\u504f\u6811\n    else if balance_factor < -1 {\n        let node = node.unwrap();\n        if Self::balance_factor(node.borrow().right.clone()) <= 0 {\n            // \u5de6\u65cb\n            Self::left_rotate(Some(node))\n        } else {\n            // \u5148\u53f3\u65cb\u540e\u5de6\u65cb\n            let right = node.borrow().right.clone();\n            node.borrow_mut().right = Self::right_rotate(right);\n            Self::left_rotate(Some(node))\n        }\n    } else {\n        // \u5e73\u8861\u6811\uff0c\u65e0\u987b\u65cb\u8f6c\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n        node\n    }\n}\n
    avl_tree.c
    /* \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861 */\nTreeNode *rotate(TreeNode *node) {\n    // \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9 node \u7684\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50\n    int bf = balanceFactor(node);\n    // \u5de6\u504f\u6811\n    if (bf > 1) {\n        if (balanceFactor(node->left) >= 0) {\n            // \u53f3\u65cb\n            return rightRotate(node);\n        } else {\n            // \u5148\u5de6\u65cb\u540e\u53f3\u65cb\n            node->left = leftRotate(node->left);\n            return rightRotate(node);\n        }\n    }\n    // \u53f3\u504f\u6811\n    if (bf < -1) {\n        if (balanceFactor(node->right) <= 0) {\n            // \u5de6\u65cb\n            return leftRotate(node);\n        } else {\n            // \u5148\u53f3\u65cb\u540e\u5de6\u65cb\n            node->right = rightRotate(node->right);\n            return leftRotate(node);\n        }\n    }\n    // \u5e73\u8861\u6811\uff0c\u65e0\u987b\u65cb\u8f6c\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n    return node;\n}\n
    avl_tree.zig
    // \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861\nfn rotate(self: *Self, node: ?*inc.TreeNode(T)) ?*inc.TreeNode(T) {\n    // \u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9 node \u7684\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50\n    var balance_factor = self.balanceFactor(node);\n    // \u5de6\u504f\u6811\n    if (balance_factor > 1) {\n        if (self.balanceFactor(node.?.left) >= 0) {\n            // \u53f3\u65cb\n            return self.rightRotate(node);\n        } else {\n            // \u5148\u5de6\u65cb\u540e\u53f3\u65cb\n            node.?.left = self.leftRotate(node.?.left);\n            return self.rightRotate(node);\n        }\n    }\n    // \u53f3\u504f\u6811\n    if (balance_factor < -1) {\n        if (self.balanceFactor(node.?.right) <= 0) {\n            // \u5de6\u65cb\n            return self.leftRotate(node);\n        } else {\n            // \u5148\u53f3\u65cb\u540e\u5de6\u65cb\n            node.?.right = self.rightRotate(node.?.right);\n            return self.leftRotate(node);\n        }\n    }\n    // \u5e73\u8861\u6811\uff0c\u65e0\u987b\u65cb\u8f6c\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n    return node;\n}\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_tree/avl_tree/#753-avl","title":"7.5.3 \u00a0 AVL \u6811\u5e38\u7528\u64cd\u4f5c","text":""},{"location":"chapter_tree/avl_tree/#1_2","title":"1. \u00a0 \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9","text":"

    AVL \u6811\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u63d2\u5165\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e0e\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u5728\u4e3b\u4f53\u4e0a\u7c7b\u4f3c\u3002\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u533a\u522b\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u5728 AVL \u6811\u4e2d\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\u540e\uff0c\u4ece\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u5230\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u4e0a\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u5931\u8861\u8282\u70b9\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u81ea\u5e95\u5411\u4e0a\u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u6240\u6709\u5931\u8861\u8282\u70b9\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861\u3002\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig avl_tree.py
    def insert(self, val):\n    \"\"\"\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\"\"\"\n    self._root = self.insert_helper(self._root, val)\n\ndef insert_helper(self, node: TreeNode | None, val: int) -> TreeNode:\n    \"\"\"\u9012\u5f52\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u8f85\u52a9\u65b9\u6cd5\uff09\"\"\"\n    if node is None:\n        return TreeNode(val)\n    # 1. \u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5e76\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\n    if val < node.val:\n        node.left = self.insert_helper(node.left, val)\n    elif val > node.val:\n        node.right = self.insert_helper(node.right, val)\n    else:\n        # \u91cd\u590d\u8282\u70b9\u4e0d\u63d2\u5165\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n        return node\n    # \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n    self.update_height(node)\n    # 2. \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861\n    return self.rotate(node)\n
    avl_tree.cpp
    /* \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 */\nvoid insert(int val) {\n    root = insertHelper(root, val);\n}\n\n/* \u9012\u5f52\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u8f85\u52a9\u65b9\u6cd5\uff09 */\nTreeNode *insertHelper(TreeNode *node, int val) {\n    if (node == nullptr)\n        return new TreeNode(val);\n    /* 1. \u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5e76\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 */\n    if (val < node->val)\n        node->left = insertHelper(node->left, val);\n    else if (val > node->val)\n        node->right = insertHelper(node->right, val);\n    else\n        return node;    // \u91cd\u590d\u8282\u70b9\u4e0d\u63d2\u5165\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n    updateHeight(node); // \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n    /* 2. \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861 */\n    node = rotate(node);\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    return node;\n}\n
    avl_tree.java
    /* \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 */\nvoid insert(int val) {\n    root = insertHelper(root, val);\n}\n\n/* \u9012\u5f52\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u8f85\u52a9\u65b9\u6cd5\uff09 */\nTreeNode insertHelper(TreeNode node, int val) {\n    if (node == null)\n        return new TreeNode(val);\n    /* 1. \u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5e76\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 */\n    if (val < node.val)\n        node.left = insertHelper(node.left, val);\n    else if (val > node.val)\n        node.right = insertHelper(node.right, val);\n    else\n        return node; // \u91cd\u590d\u8282\u70b9\u4e0d\u63d2\u5165\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n    updateHeight(node); // \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n    /* 2. \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861 */\n    node = rotate(node);\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    return node;\n}\n
    avl_tree.cs
    /* \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 */\nvoid Insert(int val) {\n    root = InsertHelper(root, val);\n}\n\n/* \u9012\u5f52\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u8f85\u52a9\u65b9\u6cd5\uff09 */\nTreeNode? InsertHelper(TreeNode? node, int val) {\n    if (node == null) return new TreeNode(val);\n    /* 1. \u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5e76\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 */\n    if (val < node.val)\n        node.left = InsertHelper(node.left, val);\n    else if (val > node.val)\n        node.right = InsertHelper(node.right, val);\n    else\n        return node;     // \u91cd\u590d\u8282\u70b9\u4e0d\u63d2\u5165\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n    UpdateHeight(node);  // \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n    /* 2. \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861 */\n    node = Rotate(node);\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    return node;\n}\n
    avl_tree.go
    /* \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 */\nfunc (t *aVLTree) insert(val int) {\n    t.root = t.insertHelper(t.root, val)\n}\n\n/* \u9012\u5f52\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u8f85\u52a9\u51fd\u6570\uff09 */\nfunc (t *aVLTree) insertHelper(node *TreeNode, val int) *TreeNode {\n    if node == nil {\n        return NewTreeNode(val)\n    }\n    /* 1. \u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5e76\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 */\n    if val < node.Val.(int) {\n        node.Left = t.insertHelper(node.Left, val)\n    } else if val > node.Val.(int) {\n        node.Right = t.insertHelper(node.Right, val)\n    } else {\n        // \u91cd\u590d\u8282\u70b9\u4e0d\u63d2\u5165\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n        return node\n    }\n    // \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n    t.updateHeight(node)\n    /* 2. \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861 */\n    node = t.rotate(node)\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    return node\n}\n
    avl_tree.swift
    /* \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 */\nfunc insert(val: Int) {\n    root = insertHelper(node: root, val: val)\n}\n\n/* \u9012\u5f52\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u8f85\u52a9\u65b9\u6cd5\uff09 */\nfunc insertHelper(node: TreeNode?, val: Int) -> TreeNode? {\n    var node = node\n    if node == nil {\n        return TreeNode(x: val)\n    }\n    /* 1. \u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5e76\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 */\n    if val < node!.val {\n        node?.left = insertHelper(node: node?.left, val: val)\n    } else if val > node!.val {\n        node?.right = insertHelper(node: node?.right, val: val)\n    } else {\n        return node // \u91cd\u590d\u8282\u70b9\u4e0d\u63d2\u5165\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n    }\n    updateHeight(node: node) // \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n    /* 2. \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861 */\n    node = rotate(node: node)\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    return node\n}\n
    avl_tree.js
    /* \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 */\ninsert(val) {\n    this.root = this.#insertHelper(this.root, val);\n}\n\n/* \u9012\u5f52\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u8f85\u52a9\u65b9\u6cd5\uff09 */\n#insertHelper(node, val) {\n    if (node === null) return new TreeNode(val);\n    /* 1. \u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5e76\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 */\n    if (val < node.val) node.left = this.#insertHelper(node.left, val);\n    else if (val > node.val)\n        node.right = this.#insertHelper(node.right, val);\n    else return node; // \u91cd\u590d\u8282\u70b9\u4e0d\u63d2\u5165\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n    this.#updateHeight(node); // \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n    /* 2. \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861 */\n    node = this.#rotate(node);\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    return node;\n}\n
    avl_tree.ts
    /* \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 */\ninsert(val: number): void {\n    this.root = this.insertHelper(this.root, val);\n}\n\n/* \u9012\u5f52\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u8f85\u52a9\u65b9\u6cd5\uff09 */\ninsertHelper(node: TreeNode, val: number): TreeNode {\n    if (node === null) return new TreeNode(val);\n    /* 1. \u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5e76\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 */\n    if (val < node.val) {\n        node.left = this.insertHelper(node.left, val);\n    } else if (val > node.val) {\n        node.right = this.insertHelper(node.right, val);\n    } else {\n        return node; // \u91cd\u590d\u8282\u70b9\u4e0d\u63d2\u5165\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n    }\n    this.updateHeight(node); // \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n    /* 2. \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861 */\n    node = this.rotate(node);\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    return node;\n}\n
    avl_tree.dart
    /* \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 */\nvoid insert(int val) {\n  root = insertHelper(root, val);\n}\n\n/* \u9012\u5f52\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u8f85\u52a9\u65b9\u6cd5\uff09 */\nTreeNode? insertHelper(TreeNode? node, int val) {\n  if (node == null) return TreeNode(val);\n  /* 1. \u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5e76\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 */\n  if (val < node.val)\n    node.left = insertHelper(node.left, val);\n  else if (val > node.val)\n    node.right = insertHelper(node.right, val);\n  else\n    return node; // \u91cd\u590d\u8282\u70b9\u4e0d\u63d2\u5165\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n  updateHeight(node); // \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n  /* 2. \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861 */\n  node = rotate(node);\n  // \u8fd4\u56de\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n  return node;\n}\n
    avl_tree.rs
    /* \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 */\nfn insert(&mut self, val: i32) {\n    self.root = Self::insert_helper(self.root.clone(), val);\n}\n\n/* \u9012\u5f52\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u8f85\u52a9\u65b9\u6cd5\uff09 */\nfn insert_helper(node: OptionTreeNodeRc, val: i32) -> OptionTreeNodeRc {\n    match node {\n        Some(mut node) => {\n            /* 1. \u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5e76\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 */\n            match {\n                let node_val = node.borrow().val;\n                node_val\n            }\n            .cmp(&val)\n            {\n                Ordering::Greater => {\n                    let left = node.borrow().left.clone();\n                    node.borrow_mut().left = Self::insert_helper(left, val);\n                }\n                Ordering::Less => {\n                    let right = node.borrow().right.clone();\n                    node.borrow_mut().right = Self::insert_helper(right, val);\n                }\n                Ordering::Equal => {\n                    return Some(node); // \u91cd\u590d\u8282\u70b9\u4e0d\u63d2\u5165\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n                }\n            }\n            Self::update_height(Some(node.clone())); // \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n            /* 2. \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861 */\n            node = Self::rotate(Some(node)).unwrap();\n            // \u8fd4\u56de\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n            Some(node)\n        }\n        None => Some(TreeNode::new(val)),\n    }\n}\n
    avl_tree.c
    /* \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 */\nvoid insert(AVLTree *tree, int val) {\n    tree->root = insertHelper(tree->root, val);\n}\n\n/* \u9012\u5f52\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u8f85\u52a9\u51fd\u6570\uff09 */\nTreeNode *insertHelper(TreeNode *node, int val) {\n    if (node == NULL) {\n        return newTreeNode(val);\n    }\n    /* 1. \u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5e76\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 */\n    if (val < node->val) {\n        node->left = insertHelper(node->left, val);\n    } else if (val > node->val) {\n        node->right = insertHelper(node->right, val);\n    } else {\n        // \u91cd\u590d\u8282\u70b9\u4e0d\u63d2\u5165\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n        return node;\n    }\n    // \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n    updateHeight(node);\n    /* 2. \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861 */\n    node = rotate(node);\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    return node;\n}\n
    avl_tree.zig
    // \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\nfn insert(self: *Self, val: T) !void {\n    self.root = (try self.insertHelper(self.root, val)).?;\n}\n\n// \u9012\u5f52\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u8f85\u52a9\u65b9\u6cd5\uff09\nfn insertHelper(self: *Self, node_: ?*inc.TreeNode(T), val: T) !?*inc.TreeNode(T) {\n    var node = node_;\n    if (node == null) {\n        var tmp_node = try self.mem_allocator.create(inc.TreeNode(T));\n        tmp_node.init(val);\n        return tmp_node;\n    }\n    // 1. \u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5e76\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\n    if (val < node.?.val) {\n        node.?.left = try self.insertHelper(node.?.left, val);\n    } else if (val > node.?.val) {\n        node.?.right = try self.insertHelper(node.?.right, val);\n    } else {\n        return node;            // \u91cd\u590d\u8282\u70b9\u4e0d\u63d2\u5165\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n    }\n    self.updateHeight(node);    // \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n    // 2. \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861\n    node = self.rotate(node);\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    return node;\n}\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_tree/avl_tree/#2_2","title":"2. \u00a0 \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9","text":"

    \u7c7b\u4f3c\u5730\uff0c\u5728\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u7684\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4ece\u5e95\u81f3\u9876\u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u6240\u6709\u5931\u8861\u8282\u70b9\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861\u3002\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig avl_tree.py
    def remove(self, val: int):\n    \"\"\"\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\"\"\"\n    self._root = self.remove_helper(self._root, val)\n\ndef remove_helper(self, node: TreeNode | None, val: int) -> TreeNode | None:\n    \"\"\"\u9012\u5f52\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u8f85\u52a9\u65b9\u6cd5\uff09\"\"\"\n    if node is None:\n        return None\n    # 1. \u67e5\u627e\u8282\u70b9\u5e76\u5220\u9664\n    if val < node.val:\n        node.left = self.remove_helper(node.left, val)\n    elif val > node.val:\n        node.right = self.remove_helper(node.right, val)\n    else:\n        if node.left is None or node.right is None:\n            child = node.left or node.right\n            # \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 0 \uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5220\u9664 node \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\n            if child is None:\n                return None\n            # \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 1 \uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5220\u9664 node\n            else:\n                node = child\n        else:\n            # \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 2 \uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u7684\u4e0b\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u5220\u9664\uff0c\u5e76\u7528\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u66ff\u6362\u5f53\u524d\u8282\u70b9\n            temp = node.right\n            while temp.left is not None:\n                temp = temp.left\n            node.right = self.remove_helper(node.right, temp.val)\n            node.val = temp.val\n    # \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n    self.update_height(node)\n    # 2. \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861\n    return self.rotate(node)\n
    avl_tree.cpp
    /* \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 */\nvoid remove(int val) {\n    root = removeHelper(root, val);\n}\n\n/* \u9012\u5f52\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u8f85\u52a9\u65b9\u6cd5\uff09 */\nTreeNode *removeHelper(TreeNode *node, int val) {\n    if (node == nullptr)\n        return nullptr;\n    /* 1. \u67e5\u627e\u8282\u70b9\u5e76\u5220\u9664 */\n    if (val < node->val)\n        node->left = removeHelper(node->left, val);\n    else if (val > node->val)\n        node->right = removeHelper(node->right, val);\n    else {\n        if (node->left == nullptr || node->right == nullptr) {\n            TreeNode *child = node->left != nullptr ? node->left : node->right;\n            // \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 0 \uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5220\u9664 node \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\n            if (child == nullptr) {\n                delete node;\n                return nullptr;\n            }\n            // \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 1 \uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5220\u9664 node\n            else {\n                delete node;\n                node = child;\n            }\n        } else {\n            // \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 2 \uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u7684\u4e0b\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u5220\u9664\uff0c\u5e76\u7528\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u66ff\u6362\u5f53\u524d\u8282\u70b9\n            TreeNode *temp = node->right;\n            while (temp->left != nullptr) {\n                temp = temp->left;\n            }\n            int tempVal = temp->val;\n            node->right = removeHelper(node->right, temp->val);\n            node->val = tempVal;\n        }\n    }\n    updateHeight(node); // \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n    /* 2. \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861 */\n    node = rotate(node);\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    return node;\n}\n
    avl_tree.java
    /* \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 */\nvoid remove(int val) {\n    root = removeHelper(root, val);\n}\n\n/* \u9012\u5f52\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u8f85\u52a9\u65b9\u6cd5\uff09 */\nTreeNode removeHelper(TreeNode node, int val) {\n    if (node == null)\n        return null;\n    /* 1. \u67e5\u627e\u8282\u70b9\u5e76\u5220\u9664 */\n    if (val < node.val)\n        node.left = removeHelper(node.left, val);\n    else if (val > node.val)\n        node.right = removeHelper(node.right, val);\n    else {\n        if (node.left == null || node.right == null) {\n            TreeNode child = node.left != null ? node.left : node.right;\n            // \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 0 \uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5220\u9664 node \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\n            if (child == null)\n                return null;\n            // \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 1 \uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5220\u9664 node\n            else\n                node = child;\n        } else {\n            // \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 2 \uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u7684\u4e0b\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u5220\u9664\uff0c\u5e76\u7528\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u66ff\u6362\u5f53\u524d\u8282\u70b9\n            TreeNode temp = node.right;\n            while (temp.left != null) {\n                temp = temp.left;\n            }\n            node.right = removeHelper(node.right, temp.val);\n            node.val = temp.val;\n        }\n    }\n    updateHeight(node); // \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n    /* 2. \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861 */\n    node = rotate(node);\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    return node;\n}\n
    avl_tree.cs
    /* \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 */\nvoid Remove(int val) {\n    root = RemoveHelper(root, val);\n}\n\n/* \u9012\u5f52\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u8f85\u52a9\u65b9\u6cd5\uff09 */\nTreeNode? RemoveHelper(TreeNode? node, int val) {\n    if (node == null) return null;\n    /* 1. \u67e5\u627e\u8282\u70b9\u5e76\u5220\u9664 */\n    if (val < node.val)\n        node.left = RemoveHelper(node.left, val);\n    else if (val > node.val)\n        node.right = RemoveHelper(node.right, val);\n    else {\n        if (node.left == null || node.right == null) {\n            TreeNode? child = node.left ?? node.right;\n            // \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 0 \uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5220\u9664 node \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\n            if (child == null)\n                return null;\n            // \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 1 \uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5220\u9664 node\n            else\n                node = child;\n        } else {\n            // \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 2 \uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u7684\u4e0b\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u5220\u9664\uff0c\u5e76\u7528\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u66ff\u6362\u5f53\u524d\u8282\u70b9\n            TreeNode? temp = node.right;\n            while (temp.left != null) {\n                temp = temp.left;\n            }\n            node.right = RemoveHelper(node.right, temp.val!.Value);\n            node.val = temp.val;\n        }\n    }\n    UpdateHeight(node);  // \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n    /* 2. \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861 */\n    node = Rotate(node);\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    return node;\n}\n
    avl_tree.go
    /* \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 */\nfunc (t *aVLTree) remove(val int) {\n    t.root = t.removeHelper(t.root, val)\n}\n\n/* \u9012\u5f52\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u8f85\u52a9\u51fd\u6570\uff09 */\nfunc (t *aVLTree) removeHelper(node *TreeNode, val int) *TreeNode {\n    if node == nil {\n        return nil\n    }\n    /* 1. \u67e5\u627e\u8282\u70b9\u5e76\u5220\u9664 */\n    if val < node.Val.(int) {\n        node.Left = t.removeHelper(node.Left, val)\n    } else if val > node.Val.(int) {\n        node.Right = t.removeHelper(node.Right, val)\n    } else {\n        if node.Left == nil || node.Right == nil {\n            child := node.Left\n            if node.Right != nil {\n                child = node.Right\n            }\n            if child == nil {\n                // \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 0 \uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5220\u9664 node \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\n                return nil\n            } else {\n                // \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 1 \uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5220\u9664 node\n                node = child\n            }\n        } else {\n            // \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 2 \uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u7684\u4e0b\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u5220\u9664\uff0c\u5e76\u7528\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u66ff\u6362\u5f53\u524d\u8282\u70b9\n            temp := node.Right\n            for temp.Left != nil {\n                temp = temp.Left\n            }\n            node.Right = t.removeHelper(node.Right, temp.Val.(int))\n            node.Val = temp.Val\n        }\n    }\n    // \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n    t.updateHeight(node)\n    /* 2. \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861 */\n    node = t.rotate(node)\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    return node\n}\n
    avl_tree.swift
    /* \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 */\nfunc remove(val: Int) {\n    root = removeHelper(node: root, val: val)\n}\n\n/* \u9012\u5f52\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u8f85\u52a9\u65b9\u6cd5\uff09 */\nfunc removeHelper(node: TreeNode?, val: Int) -> TreeNode? {\n    var node = node\n    if node == nil {\n        return nil\n    }\n    /* 1. \u67e5\u627e\u8282\u70b9\u5e76\u5220\u9664 */\n    if val < node!.val {\n        node?.left = removeHelper(node: node?.left, val: val)\n    } else if val > node!.val {\n        node?.right = removeHelper(node: node?.right, val: val)\n    } else {\n        if node?.left == nil || node?.right == nil {\n            let child = node?.left != nil ? node?.left : node?.right\n            // \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 0 \uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5220\u9664 node \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\n            if child == nil {\n                return nil\n            }\n            // \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 1 \uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5220\u9664 node\n            else {\n                node = child\n            }\n        } else {\n            // \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 2 \uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u7684\u4e0b\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u5220\u9664\uff0c\u5e76\u7528\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u66ff\u6362\u5f53\u524d\u8282\u70b9\n            var temp = node?.right\n            while temp?.left != nil {\n                temp = temp?.left\n            }\n            node?.right = removeHelper(node: node?.right, val: temp!.val)\n            node?.val = temp!.val\n        }\n    }\n    updateHeight(node: node) // \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n    /* 2. \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861 */\n    node = rotate(node: node)\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    return node\n}\n
    avl_tree.js
    /* \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 */\nremove(val) {\n    this.root = this.#removeHelper(this.root, val);\n}\n\n/* \u9012\u5f52\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u8f85\u52a9\u65b9\u6cd5\uff09 */\n#removeHelper(node, val) {\n    if (node === null) return null;\n    /* 1. \u67e5\u627e\u8282\u70b9\u5e76\u5220\u9664 */\n    if (val < node.val) node.left = this.#removeHelper(node.left, val);\n    else if (val > node.val)\n        node.right = this.#removeHelper(node.right, val);\n    else {\n        if (node.left === null || node.right === null) {\n            const child = node.left !== null ? node.left : node.right;\n            // \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 0 \uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5220\u9664 node \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\n            if (child === null) return null;\n            // \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 1 \uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5220\u9664 node\n            else node = child;\n        } else {\n            // \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 2 \uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u7684\u4e0b\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u5220\u9664\uff0c\u5e76\u7528\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u66ff\u6362\u5f53\u524d\u8282\u70b9\n            let temp = node.right;\n            while (temp.left !== null) {\n                temp = temp.left;\n            }\n            node.right = this.#removeHelper(node.right, temp.val);\n            node.val = temp.val;\n        }\n    }\n    this.#updateHeight(node); // \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n    /* 2. \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861 */\n    node = this.#rotate(node);\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    return node;\n}\n
    avl_tree.ts
    /* \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 */\nremove(val: number): void {\n    this.root = this.removeHelper(this.root, val);\n}\n\n/* \u9012\u5f52\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u8f85\u52a9\u65b9\u6cd5\uff09 */\nremoveHelper(node: TreeNode, val: number): TreeNode {\n    if (node === null) return null;\n    /* 1. \u67e5\u627e\u8282\u70b9\u5e76\u5220\u9664 */\n    if (val < node.val) {\n        node.left = this.removeHelper(node.left, val);\n    } else if (val > node.val) {\n        node.right = this.removeHelper(node.right, val);\n    } else {\n        if (node.left === null || node.right === null) {\n            const child = node.left !== null ? node.left : node.right;\n            // \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 0 \uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5220\u9664 node \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\n            if (child === null) {\n                return null;\n            } else {\n                // \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 1 \uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5220\u9664 node\n                node = child;\n            }\n        } else {\n            // \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 2 \uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u7684\u4e0b\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u5220\u9664\uff0c\u5e76\u7528\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u66ff\u6362\u5f53\u524d\u8282\u70b9\n            let temp = node.right;\n            while (temp.left !== null) {\n                temp = temp.left;\n            }\n            node.right = this.removeHelper(node.right, temp.val);\n            node.val = temp.val;\n        }\n    }\n    this.updateHeight(node); // \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n    /* 2. \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861 */\n    node = this.rotate(node);\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    return node;\n}\n
    avl_tree.dart
    /* \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 */\nvoid remove(int val) {\n  root = removeHelper(root, val);\n}\n\n/* \u9012\u5f52\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u8f85\u52a9\u65b9\u6cd5\uff09 */\nTreeNode? removeHelper(TreeNode? node, int val) {\n  if (node == null) return null;\n  /* 1. \u67e5\u627e\u8282\u70b9\u5e76\u5220\u9664 */\n  if (val < node.val)\n    node.left = removeHelper(node.left, val);\n  else if (val > node.val)\n    node.right = removeHelper(node.right, val);\n  else {\n    if (node.left == null || node.right == null) {\n      TreeNode? child = node.left ?? node.right;\n      // \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 0 \uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5220\u9664 node \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\n      if (child == null)\n        return null;\n      // \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 1 \uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5220\u9664 node\n      else\n        node = child;\n    } else {\n      // \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 2 \uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u7684\u4e0b\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u5220\u9664\uff0c\u5e76\u7528\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u66ff\u6362\u5f53\u524d\u8282\u70b9\n      TreeNode? temp = node.right;\n      while (temp!.left != null) {\n        temp = temp.left;\n      }\n      node.right = removeHelper(node.right, temp.val);\n      node.val = temp.val;\n    }\n  }\n  updateHeight(node); // \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n  /* 2. \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861 */\n  node = rotate(node);\n  // \u8fd4\u56de\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n  return node;\n}\n
    avl_tree.rs
    /* \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 */\nfn remove(&self, val: i32) {\n    Self::remove_helper(self.root.clone(), val);\n}\n\n/* \u9012\u5f52\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u8f85\u52a9\u65b9\u6cd5\uff09 */\nfn remove_helper(node: OptionTreeNodeRc, val: i32) -> OptionTreeNodeRc {\n    match node {\n        Some(mut node) => {\n            /* 1. \u67e5\u627e\u8282\u70b9\u5e76\u5220\u9664 */\n            if val < node.borrow().val {\n                let left = node.borrow().left.clone();\n                node.borrow_mut().left = Self::remove_helper(left, val);\n            } else if val > node.borrow().val {\n                let right = node.borrow().right.clone();\n                node.borrow_mut().right = Self::remove_helper(right, val);\n            } else if node.borrow().left.is_none() || node.borrow().right.is_none() {\n                let child = if node.borrow().left.is_some() {\n                    node.borrow().left.clone()\n                } else {\n                    node.borrow().right.clone()\n                };\n                match child {\n                    // \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 0 \uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5220\u9664 node \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\n                    None => {\n                        return None;\n                    }\n                    // \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 1 \uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5220\u9664 node\n                    Some(child) => node = child,\n                }\n            } else {\n                // \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 2 \uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u7684\u4e0b\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u5220\u9664\uff0c\u5e76\u7528\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u66ff\u6362\u5f53\u524d\u8282\u70b9\n                let mut temp = node.borrow().right.clone().unwrap();\n                loop {\n                    let temp_left = temp.borrow().left.clone();\n                    if temp_left.is_none() {\n                        break;\n                    }\n                    temp = temp_left.unwrap();\n                }\n                let right = node.borrow().right.clone();\n                node.borrow_mut().right = Self::remove_helper(right, temp.borrow().val);\n                node.borrow_mut().val = temp.borrow().val;\n            }\n            Self::update_height(Some(node.clone())); // \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n            /* 2. \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861 */\n            node = Self::rotate(Some(node)).unwrap();\n            // \u8fd4\u56de\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n            Some(node)\n        }\n        None => None,\n    }\n}\n
    avl_tree.c
    /* \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 */\n// \u7531\u4e8e\u5f15\u5165\u4e86 stdio.h \uff0c\u6b64\u5904\u65e0\u6cd5\u4f7f\u7528 remove \u5173\u952e\u8bcd\nvoid removeItem(AVLTree *tree, int val) {\n    TreeNode *root = removeHelper(tree->root, val);\n}\n\n/* \u9012\u5f52\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u8f85\u52a9\u51fd\u6570\uff09 */\nTreeNode *removeHelper(TreeNode *node, int val) {\n    TreeNode *child, *grandChild;\n    if (node == NULL) {\n        return NULL;\n    }\n    /* 1. \u67e5\u627e\u8282\u70b9\u5e76\u5220\u9664 */\n    if (val < node->val) {\n        node->left = removeHelper(node->left, val);\n    } else if (val > node->val) {\n        node->right = removeHelper(node->right, val);\n    } else {\n        if (node->left == NULL || node->right == NULL) {\n            child = node->left;\n            if (node->right != NULL) {\n                child = node->right;\n            }\n            // \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 0 \uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5220\u9664 node \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\n            if (child == NULL) {\n                return NULL;\n            } else {\n                // \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 1 \uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5220\u9664 node\n                node = child;\n            }\n        } else {\n            // \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 2 \uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u7684\u4e0b\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u5220\u9664\uff0c\u5e76\u7528\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u66ff\u6362\u5f53\u524d\u8282\u70b9\n            TreeNode *temp = node->right;\n            while (temp->left != NULL) {\n                temp = temp->left;\n            }\n            int tempVal = temp->val;\n            node->right = removeHelper(node->right, temp->val);\n            node->val = tempVal;\n        }\n    }\n    // \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n    updateHeight(node);\n    /* 2. \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861 */\n    node = rotate(node);\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    return node;\n}\n
    avl_tree.zig
    // \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\nfn remove(self: *Self, val: T) void {\n   self.root = self.removeHelper(self.root, val).?;\n}\n\n// \u9012\u5f52\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u8f85\u52a9\u65b9\u6cd5\uff09\nfn removeHelper(self: *Self, node_: ?*inc.TreeNode(T), val: T) ?*inc.TreeNode(T) {\n    var node = node_;\n    if (node == null) return null;\n    // 1. \u67e5\u627e\u8282\u70b9\u5e76\u5220\u9664\n    if (val < node.?.val) {\n        node.?.left = self.removeHelper(node.?.left, val);\n    } else if (val > node.?.val) {\n        node.?.right = self.removeHelper(node.?.right, val);\n    } else {\n        if (node.?.left == null or node.?.right == null) {\n            var child = if (node.?.left != null) node.?.left else node.?.right;\n            // \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 0 \uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5220\u9664 node \u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\n            if (child == null) {\n                return null;\n            // \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 1 \uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5220\u9664 node\n            } else {\n                node = child;\n            }\n        } else {\n            // \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 2 \uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u7684\u4e0b\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u5220\u9664\uff0c\u5e76\u7528\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u66ff\u6362\u5f53\u524d\u8282\u70b9\n            var temp = node.?.right;\n            while (temp.?.left != null) {\n                temp = temp.?.left;\n            }\n            node.?.right = self.removeHelper(node.?.right, temp.?.val);\n            node.?.val = temp.?.val;\n        }\n    }\n    self.updateHeight(node); // \u66f4\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n    // 2. \u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u5b50\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861\n    node = self.rotate(node);\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    return node;\n}\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_tree/avl_tree/#3_1","title":"3. \u00a0 \u67e5\u627e\u8282\u70b9","text":"

    AVL \u6811\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u67e5\u627e\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e0e\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u4e0d\u518d\u8d58\u8ff0\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_tree/avl_tree/#754-avl","title":"7.5.4 \u00a0 AVL \u6811\u5178\u578b\u5e94\u7528","text":"
    • \u7ec4\u7ec7\u548c\u5b58\u50a8\u5927\u578b\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u9ad8\u9891\u67e5\u627e\u3001\u4f4e\u9891\u589e\u5220\u7684\u573a\u666f\u3002
    • \u7528\u4e8e\u6784\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002
    • \u7ea2\u9ed1\u6811\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\u6bd4 AVL \u6811\u66f4\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u7ea2\u9ed1\u6811\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u6761\u4ef6\u76f8\u5bf9\u5bbd\u677e\uff0c\u5728\u7ea2\u9ed1\u6811\u4e2d\u63d2\u5165\u4e0e\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u6240\u9700\u7684\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u5c11\uff0c\u5176\u8282\u70b9\u589e\u5220\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u6548\u7387\u66f4\u9ad8\u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_tree/binary_search_tree/","title":"7.4 \u00a0 \u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811","text":"

    \u5982\u56fe 7-16 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u300c\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811 binary search tree\u300d\u6ee1\u8db3\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6761\u4ef6\u3002

    1. \u5bf9\u4e8e\u6839\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u503c \\(<\\) \u6839\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u503c \\(<\\) \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u503c\u3002
    2. \u4efb\u610f\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5de6\u3001\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e5f\u662f\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\uff0c\u5373\u540c\u6837\u6ee1\u8db3\u6761\u4ef6 1. \u3002

    \u56fe 7-16 \u00a0 \u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811

    "},{"location":"chapter_tree/binary_search_tree/#741","title":"7.4.1 \u00a0 \u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c","text":"

    \u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u5c01\u88c5\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b BinarySearchTree \uff0c\u5e76\u58f0\u660e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6210\u5458\u53d8\u91cf root \uff0c\u6307\u5411\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_tree/binary_search_tree/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u67e5\u627e\u8282\u70b9","text":"

    \u7ed9\u5b9a\u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\u503c num \uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u6765\u67e5\u627e\u3002\u5982\u56fe 7-17 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u58f0\u660e\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9 cur \uff0c\u4ece\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9 root \u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u5faa\u73af\u6bd4\u8f83\u8282\u70b9\u503c cur.val \u548c num \u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u5173\u7cfb\u3002

    • \u82e5 cur.val < num \uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6267\u884c cur = cur.right \u3002
    • \u82e5 cur.val > num \uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6267\u884c cur = cur.left \u3002
    • \u82e5 cur.val = num \uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u3002
    <1><2><3><4>

    \u56fe 7-17 \u00a0 \u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u67e5\u627e\u8282\u70b9\u793a\u4f8b

    \u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u7684\u67e5\u627e\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e0e\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u6bcf\u8f6e\u6392\u9664\u4e00\u534a\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u5faa\u73af\u6b21\u6570\u6700\u591a\u4e3a\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\uff0c\u5f53\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u5e73\u8861\u65f6\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(\\log n)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig binary_search_tree.py
    def search(self, num: int) -> TreeNode | None:\n    \"\"\"\u67e5\u627e\u8282\u70b9\"\"\"\n    cur = self._root\n    # \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\n    while cur is not None:\n        # \u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n        if cur.val < num:\n            cur = cur.right\n        # \u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n        elif cur.val > num:\n            cur = cur.left\n        # \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\n        else:\n            break\n    return cur\n
    binary_search_tree.cpp
    /* \u67e5\u627e\u8282\u70b9 */\nTreeNode *search(int num) {\n    TreeNode *cur = root;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\n    while (cur != nullptr) {\n        // \u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n        if (cur->val < num)\n            cur = cur->right;\n        // \u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n        else if (cur->val > num)\n            cur = cur->left;\n        // \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\n        else\n            break;\n    }\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\n    return cur;\n}\n
    binary_search_tree.java
    /* \u67e5\u627e\u8282\u70b9 */\nTreeNode search(int num) {\n    TreeNode cur = root;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\n    while (cur != null) {\n        // \u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n        if (cur.val < num)\n            cur = cur.right;\n        // \u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n        else if (cur.val > num)\n            cur = cur.left;\n        // \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\n        else\n            break;\n    }\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\n    return cur;\n}\n
    binary_search_tree.cs
    /* \u67e5\u627e\u8282\u70b9 */\nTreeNode? Search(int num) {\n    TreeNode? cur = root;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\n    while (cur != null) {\n        // \u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n        if (cur.val < num) cur =\n            cur.right;\n        // \u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n        else if (cur.val > num)\n            cur = cur.left;\n        // \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\n        else\n            break;\n    }\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\n    return cur;\n}\n
    binary_search_tree.go
    /* \u67e5\u627e\u8282\u70b9 */\nfunc (bst *binarySearchTree) search(num int) *TreeNode {\n    node := bst.root\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\n    for node != nil {\n        if node.Val.(int) < num {\n            // \u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n            node = node.Right\n        } else if node.Val.(int) > num {\n            // \u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n            node = node.Left\n        } else {\n            // \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\n            break\n        }\n    }\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\n    return node\n}\n
    binary_search_tree.swift
    /* \u67e5\u627e\u8282\u70b9 */\nfunc search(num: Int) -> TreeNode? {\n    var cur = root\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\n    while cur != nil {\n        // \u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n        if cur!.val < num {\n            cur = cur?.right\n        }\n        // \u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n        else if cur!.val > num {\n            cur = cur?.left\n        }\n        // \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\n        else {\n            break\n        }\n    }\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\n    return cur\n}\n
    binary_search_tree.js
    /* \u67e5\u627e\u8282\u70b9 */\nsearch(num) {\n    let cur = this.root;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\n    while (cur !== null) {\n        // \u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n        if (cur.val < num) cur = cur.right;\n        // \u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n        else if (cur.val > num) cur = cur.left;\n        // \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\n        else break;\n    }\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\n    return cur;\n}\n
    binary_search_tree.ts
    /* \u67e5\u627e\u8282\u70b9 */\nsearch(num: number): TreeNode | null {\n    let cur = this.root;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\n    while (cur !== null) {\n        // \u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n        if (cur.val < num) cur = cur.right;\n        // \u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n        else if (cur.val > num) cur = cur.left;\n        // \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\n        else break;\n    }\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\n    return cur;\n}\n
    binary_search_tree.dart
    /* \u67e5\u627e\u8282\u70b9 */\nTreeNode? search(int _num) {\n  TreeNode? cur = _root;\n  // \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\n  while (cur != null) {\n    // \u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n    if (cur.val < _num)\n      cur = cur.right;\n    // \u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n    else if (cur.val > _num)\n      cur = cur.left;\n    // \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\n    else\n      break;\n  }\n  // \u8fd4\u56de\u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\n  return cur;\n}\n
    binary_search_tree.rs
    /* \u67e5\u627e\u8282\u70b9 */\npub fn search(&self, num: i32) -> OptionTreeNodeRc {\n    let mut cur = self.root.clone();\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\n    while let Some(node) = cur.clone() {\n        match num.cmp(&node.borrow().val) {\n            // \u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n            Ordering::Greater => cur = node.borrow().right.clone(),\n            // \u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n            Ordering::Less => cur = node.borrow().left.clone(),\n            // \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\n            Ordering::Equal => break,\n        }\n    }\n\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\n    cur\n}\n
    binary_search_tree.c
    /* \u67e5\u627e\u8282\u70b9 */\nTreeNode *search(BinarySearchTree *bst, int num) {\n    TreeNode *cur = bst->root;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\n    while (cur != NULL) {\n        if (cur->val < num) {\n            // \u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n            cur = cur->right;\n        } else if (cur->val > num) {\n            // \u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n            cur = cur->left;\n        } else {\n            // \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\n            break;\n        }\n    }\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\n    return cur;\n}\n
    binary_search_tree.zig
    // \u67e5\u627e\u8282\u70b9\nfn search(self: *Self, num: T) ?*inc.TreeNode(T) {\n    var cur = self.root;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\n    while (cur != null) {\n        // \u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n        if (cur.?.val < num) {\n            cur = cur.?.right;\n        // \u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n        } else if (cur.?.val > num) {\n            cur = cur.?.left;\n        // \u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\n        } else {\n            break;\n        }\n    }\n    // \u8fd4\u56de\u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\n    return cur;\n}\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_tree/binary_search_tree/#2","title":"2. \u00a0 \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9","text":"

    \u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f85\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20 num \uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u6301\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u201c\u5de6\u5b50\u6811 < \u6839\u8282\u70b9 < \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u201d\u7684\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u63d2\u5165\u64cd\u4f5c\u6d41\u7a0b\u5982\u56fe 7-18 \u6240\u793a\u3002

    1. \u67e5\u627e\u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff1a\u4e0e\u67e5\u627e\u64cd\u4f5c\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u4ece\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u5f53\u524d\u8282\u70b9\u503c\u548c num \u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u5173\u7cfb\u5faa\u73af\u5411\u4e0b\u641c\u7d22\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u904d\u5386\u81f3 None \uff09\u65f6\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\u3002
    2. \u5728\u8be5\u4f4d\u7f6e\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\uff1a\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u8282\u70b9 num \uff0c\u5c06\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u7f6e\u4e8e None \u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002

    \u56fe 7-18 \u00a0 \u5728\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u4e2d\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9

    \u5728\u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e2d\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e24\u70b9\u3002

    • \u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u5b58\u5728\u91cd\u590d\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u5c06\u8fdd\u53cd\u5176\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u82e5\u5f85\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\u5728\u6811\u4e2d\u5df2\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u6267\u884c\u63d2\u5165\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\u3002
    • \u4e3a\u4e86\u5b9e\u73b0\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u501f\u52a9\u8282\u70b9 pre \u4fdd\u5b58\u4e0a\u4e00\u8f6e\u5faa\u73af\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u5728\u904d\u5386\u81f3 None \u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u5230\u5176\u7236\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5b8c\u6210\u8282\u70b9\u63d2\u5165\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002
    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig binary_search_tree.py
    def insert(self, num: int):\n    \"\"\"\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\"\"\"\n    # \u82e5\u6811\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    if self._root is None:\n        self._root = TreeNode(num)\n        return\n    # \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\n    cur, pre = self._root, None\n    while cur is not None:\n        # \u627e\u5230\u91cd\u590d\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n        if cur.val == num:\n            return\n        pre = cur\n        # \u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5728 cur \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n        if cur.val < num:\n            cur = cur.right\n        # \u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5728 cur \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n        else:\n            cur = cur.left\n    # \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\n    node = TreeNode(num)\n    if pre.val < num:\n        pre.right = node\n    else:\n        pre.left = node\n
    binary_search_tree.cpp
    /* \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 */\nvoid insert(int num) {\n    // \u82e5\u6811\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    if (root == nullptr) {\n        root = new TreeNode(num);\n        return;\n    }\n    TreeNode *cur = root, *pre = nullptr;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\n    while (cur != nullptr) {\n        // \u627e\u5230\u91cd\u590d\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n        if (cur->val == num)\n            return;\n        pre = cur;\n        // \u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5728 cur \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n        if (cur->val < num)\n            cur = cur->right;\n        // \u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5728 cur \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n        else\n            cur = cur->left;\n    }\n    // \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\n    TreeNode *node = new TreeNode(num);\n    if (pre->val < num)\n        pre->right = node;\n    else\n        pre->left = node;\n}\n
    binary_search_tree.java
    /* \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 */\nvoid insert(int num) {\n    // \u82e5\u6811\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    if (root == null) {\n        root = new TreeNode(num);\n        return;\n    }\n    TreeNode cur = root, pre = null;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\n    while (cur != null) {\n        // \u627e\u5230\u91cd\u590d\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n        if (cur.val == num)\n            return;\n        pre = cur;\n        // \u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5728 cur \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n        if (cur.val < num)\n            cur = cur.right;\n        // \u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5728 cur \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n        else\n            cur = cur.left;\n    }\n    // \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\n    TreeNode node = new TreeNode(num);\n    if (pre.val < num)\n        pre.right = node;\n    else\n        pre.left = node;\n}\n
    binary_search_tree.cs
    /* \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 */\nvoid Insert(int num) {\n    // \u82e5\u6811\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    if (root == null) {\n        root = new TreeNode(num);\n        return;\n    }\n    TreeNode? cur = root, pre = null;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\n    while (cur != null) {\n        // \u627e\u5230\u91cd\u590d\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n        if (cur.val == num)\n            return;\n        pre = cur;\n        // \u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5728 cur \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n        if (cur.val < num)\n            cur = cur.right;\n        // \u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5728 cur \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n        else\n            cur = cur.left;\n    }\n\n    // \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\n    TreeNode node = new(num);\n    if (pre != null) {\n        if (pre.val < num)\n            pre.right = node;\n        else\n            pre.left = node;\n    }\n}\n
    binary_search_tree.go
    /* \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 */\nfunc (bst *binarySearchTree) insert(num int) {\n    cur := bst.root\n    // \u82e5\u6811\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    if cur == nil {\n        bst.root = NewTreeNode(num)\n        return\n    }\n    // \u5f85\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u4f4d\u7f6e\n    var pre *TreeNode = nil\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\n    for cur != nil {\n        if cur.Val == num {\n            return\n        }\n        pre = cur\n        if cur.Val.(int) < num {\n            cur = cur.Right\n        } else {\n            cur = cur.Left\n        }\n    }\n    // \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\n    node := NewTreeNode(num)\n    if pre.Val.(int) < num {\n        pre.Right = node\n    } else {\n        pre.Left = node\n    }\n}\n
    binary_search_tree.swift
    /* \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 */\nfunc insert(num: Int) {\n    // \u82e5\u6811\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    if root == nil {\n        root = TreeNode(x: num)\n        return\n    }\n    var cur = root\n    var pre: TreeNode?\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\n    while cur != nil {\n        // \u627e\u5230\u91cd\u590d\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n        if cur!.val == num {\n            return\n        }\n        pre = cur\n        // \u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5728 cur \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n        if cur!.val < num {\n            cur = cur?.right\n        }\n        // \u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5728 cur \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n        else {\n            cur = cur?.left\n        }\n    }\n    // \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\n    let node = TreeNode(x: num)\n    if pre!.val < num {\n        pre?.right = node\n    } else {\n        pre?.left = node\n    }\n}\n
    binary_search_tree.js
    /* \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 */\ninsert(num) {\n    // \u82e5\u6811\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    if (this.root === null) {\n        this.root = new TreeNode(num);\n        return;\n    }\n    let cur = this.root,\n        pre = null;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\n    while (cur !== null) {\n        // \u627e\u5230\u91cd\u590d\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n        if (cur.val === num) return;\n        pre = cur;\n        // \u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5728 cur \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n        if (cur.val < num) cur = cur.right;\n        // \u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5728 cur \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n        else cur = cur.left;\n    }\n    // \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\n    const node = new TreeNode(num);\n    if (pre.val < num) pre.right = node;\n    else pre.left = node;\n}\n
    binary_search_tree.ts
    /* \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 */\ninsert(num: number): void {\n    // \u82e5\u6811\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    if (this.root === null) {\n        this.root = new TreeNode(num);\n        return;\n    }\n    let cur: TreeNode | null = this.root,\n        pre: TreeNode | null = null;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\n    while (cur !== null) {\n        // \u627e\u5230\u91cd\u590d\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n        if (cur.val === num) return;\n        pre = cur;\n        // \u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5728 cur \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n        if (cur.val < num) cur = cur.right;\n        // \u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5728 cur \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n        else cur = cur.left;\n    }\n    // \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\n    const node = new TreeNode(num);\n    if (pre!.val < num) pre!.right = node;\n    else pre!.left = node;\n}\n
    binary_search_tree.dart
    /* \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 */\nvoid insert(int _num) {\n  // \u82e5\u6811\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n  if (_root == null) {\n    _root = TreeNode(_num);\n    return;\n  }\n  TreeNode? cur = _root;\n  TreeNode? pre = null;\n  // \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\n  while (cur != null) {\n    // \u627e\u5230\u91cd\u590d\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n    if (cur.val == _num) return;\n    pre = cur;\n    // \u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5728 cur \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n    if (cur.val < _num)\n      cur = cur.right;\n    // \u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5728 cur \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n    else\n      cur = cur.left;\n  }\n  // \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\n  TreeNode? node = TreeNode(_num);\n  if (pre!.val < _num)\n    pre.right = node;\n  else\n    pre.left = node;\n}\n
    binary_search_tree.rs
    /* \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 */\npub fn insert(&mut self, num: i32) {\n    // \u82e5\u6811\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    if self.root.is_none() {\n        self.root = Some(TreeNode::new(num));\n        return;\n    }\n    let mut cur = self.root.clone();\n    let mut pre = None;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\n    while let Some(node) = cur.clone() {\n        match num.cmp(&node.borrow().val) {\n            // \u627e\u5230\u91cd\u590d\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n            Ordering::Equal => return,\n            // \u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5728 cur \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n            Ordering::Greater => {\n                pre = cur.clone();\n                cur = node.borrow().right.clone();\n            }\n            // \u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5728 cur \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n            Ordering::Less => {\n                pre = cur.clone();\n                cur = node.borrow().left.clone();\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    // \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\n    let pre = pre.unwrap();\n    let node = Some(TreeNode::new(num));\n    if num > pre.borrow().val {\n        pre.borrow_mut().right = node;\n    } else {\n        pre.borrow_mut().left = node;\n    }\n}\n
    binary_search_tree.c
    /* \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 */\nvoid insert(BinarySearchTree *bst, int num) {\n    // \u82e5\u6811\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    if (bst->root == NULL) {\n        bst->root = newTreeNode(num);\n        return;\n    }\n    TreeNode *cur = bst->root, *pre = NULL;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\n    while (cur != NULL) {\n        // \u627e\u5230\u91cd\u590d\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n        if (cur->val == num) {\n            return;\n        }\n        pre = cur;\n        if (cur->val < num) {\n            // \u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5728 cur \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n            cur = cur->right;\n        } else {\n            // \u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5728 cur \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n            cur = cur->left;\n        }\n    }\n    // \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\n    TreeNode *node = newTreeNode(num);\n    if (pre->val < num) {\n        pre->right = node;\n    } else {\n        pre->left = node;\n    }\n}\n
    binary_search_tree.zig
    // \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\nfn insert(self: *Self, num: T) !void {\n    // \u82e5\u6811\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    if (self.root == null) {\n        self.root = try self.mem_allocator.create(inc.TreeNode(T));\n        return;\n    }\n    var cur = self.root;\n    var pre: ?*inc.TreeNode(T) = null;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\n    while (cur != null) {\n        // \u627e\u5230\u91cd\u590d\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n        if (cur.?.val == num) return;\n        pre = cur;\n        // \u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5728 cur \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n        if (cur.?.val < num) {\n            cur = cur.?.right;\n        // \u63d2\u5165\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5728 cur \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n        } else {\n            cur = cur.?.left;\n        }\n    }\n    // \u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\n    var node = try self.mem_allocator.create(inc.TreeNode(T));\n    node.init(num);\n    if (pre.?.val < num) {\n        pre.?.right = node;\n    } else {\n        pre.?.left = node;\n    }\n}\n

    \u4e0e\u67e5\u627e\u8282\u70b9\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(\\log n)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_tree/binary_search_tree/#3","title":"3. \u00a0 \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9","text":"

    \u5148\u5728\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u518d\u5c06\u5176\u5220\u9664\u3002\u4e0e\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5728\u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u7684\u201c\u5de6\u5b50\u6811 < \u6839\u8282\u70b9 < \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u201d\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u4ecd\u7136\u6ee1\u8db3\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6839\u636e\u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u5206 0\u30011 \u548c 2 \u4e09\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002

    \u5982\u56fe 7-19 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5f53\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(0\\) \u65f6\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u662f\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u5220\u9664\u3002

    \u56fe 7-19 \u00a0 \u5728\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u5ea6\u4e3a 0 \uff09

    \u5982\u56fe 7-20 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5f53\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(1\\) \u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u5176\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5373\u53ef\u3002

    \u56fe 7-20 \u00a0 \u5728\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u5ea6\u4e3a 1 \uff09

    \u5f53\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(2\\) \u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u6cd5\u76f4\u63a5\u5220\u9664\u5b83\uff0c\u800c\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u66ff\u6362\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u8981\u4fdd\u6301\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u201c\u5de6\u5b50\u6811 \\(<\\) \u6839\u8282\u70b9 \\(<\\) \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u201d\u7684\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8282\u70b9\u6216\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6700\u5927\u8282\u70b9\u3002

    \u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u9009\u62e9\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\uff09\uff0c\u5219\u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c\u6d41\u7a0b\u5982\u56fe 7-21 \u6240\u793a\u3002

    1. \u627e\u5230\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u5728\u201c\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\u201d\u4e2d\u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e3a tmp \u3002
    2. \u7528 tmp \u7684\u503c\u8986\u76d6\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u6811\u4e2d\u9012\u5f52\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 tmp \u3002
    <1><2><3><4>

    \u56fe 7-21 \u00a0 \u5728\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u5ea6\u4e3a 2 \uff09

    \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u64cd\u4f5c\u540c\u6837\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(\\log n)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u9700\u8981 \\(O(\\log n)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u83b7\u53d6\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u540e\u7ee7\u8282\u70b9\u9700\u8981 \\(O(\\log n)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig binary_search_tree.py
    def remove(self, num: int):\n    \"\"\"\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\"\"\"\n    # \u82e5\u6811\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u63d0\u524d\u8fd4\u56de\n    if self._root is None:\n        return\n    # \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\n    cur, pre = self._root, None\n    while cur is not None:\n        # \u627e\u5230\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\n        if cur.val == num:\n            break\n        pre = cur\n        # \u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n        if cur.val < num:\n            cur = cur.right\n        # \u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n        else:\n            cur = cur.left\n    # \u82e5\u65e0\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n    if cur is None:\n        return\n\n    # \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 0 or 1\n    if cur.left is None or cur.right is None:\n        # \u5f53\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 0 / 1 \u65f6\uff0c child = null / \u8be5\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\n        child = cur.left or cur.right\n        # \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 cur\n        if cur != self._root:\n            if pre.left == cur:\n                pre.left = child\n            else:\n                pre.right = child\n        else:\n            # \u82e5\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u4e3a\u6839\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5219\u91cd\u65b0\u6307\u5b9a\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n            self._root = child\n    # \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 2\n    else:\n        # \u83b7\u53d6\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u4e2d cur \u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\n        tmp: TreeNode = cur.right\n        while tmp.left is not None:\n            tmp = tmp.left\n        # \u9012\u5f52\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 tmp\n        self.remove(tmp.val)\n        # \u7528 tmp \u8986\u76d6 cur\n        cur.val = tmp.val\n
    binary_search_tree.cpp
    /* \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 */\nvoid remove(int num) {\n    // \u82e5\u6811\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u63d0\u524d\u8fd4\u56de\n    if (root == nullptr)\n        return;\n    TreeNode *cur = root, *pre = nullptr;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\n    while (cur != nullptr) {\n        // \u627e\u5230\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\n        if (cur->val == num)\n            break;\n        pre = cur;\n        // \u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n        if (cur->val < num)\n            cur = cur->right;\n        // \u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n        else\n            cur = cur->left;\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u65e0\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n    if (cur == nullptr)\n        return;\n    // \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 0 or 1\n    if (cur->left == nullptr || cur->right == nullptr) {\n        // \u5f53\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 0 / 1 \u65f6\uff0c child = nullptr / \u8be5\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\n        TreeNode *child = cur->left != nullptr ? cur->left : cur->right;\n        // \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 cur\n        if (cur != root) {\n            if (pre->left == cur)\n                pre->left = child;\n            else\n                pre->right = child;\n        } else {\n            // \u82e5\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u4e3a\u6839\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5219\u91cd\u65b0\u6307\u5b9a\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n            root = child;\n        }\n        // \u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\n        delete cur;\n    }\n    // \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 2\n    else {\n        // \u83b7\u53d6\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u4e2d cur \u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\n        TreeNode *tmp = cur->right;\n        while (tmp->left != nullptr) {\n            tmp = tmp->left;\n        }\n        int tmpVal = tmp->val;\n        // \u9012\u5f52\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 tmp\n        remove(tmp->val);\n        // \u7528 tmp \u8986\u76d6 cur\n        cur->val = tmpVal;\n    }\n}\n
    binary_search_tree.java
    /* \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 */\nvoid remove(int num) {\n    // \u82e5\u6811\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u63d0\u524d\u8fd4\u56de\n    if (root == null)\n        return;\n    TreeNode cur = root, pre = null;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\n    while (cur != null) {\n        // \u627e\u5230\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\n        if (cur.val == num)\n            break;\n        pre = cur;\n        // \u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n        if (cur.val < num)\n            cur = cur.right;\n        // \u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n        else\n            cur = cur.left;\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u65e0\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n    if (cur == null)\n        return;\n    // \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 0 or 1\n    if (cur.left == null || cur.right == null) {\n        // \u5f53\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 0 / 1 \u65f6\uff0c child = null / \u8be5\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\n        TreeNode child = cur.left != null ? cur.left : cur.right;\n        // \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 cur\n        if (cur != root) {\n            if (pre.left == cur)\n                pre.left = child;\n            else\n                pre.right = child;\n        } else {\n            // \u82e5\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u4e3a\u6839\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5219\u91cd\u65b0\u6307\u5b9a\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n            root = child;\n        }\n    }\n    // \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 2\n    else {\n        // \u83b7\u53d6\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u4e2d cur \u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\n        TreeNode tmp = cur.right;\n        while (tmp.left != null) {\n            tmp = tmp.left;\n        }\n        // \u9012\u5f52\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 tmp\n        remove(tmp.val);\n        // \u7528 tmp \u8986\u76d6 cur\n        cur.val = tmp.val;\n    }\n}\n
    binary_search_tree.cs
    /* \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 */\nvoid Remove(int num) {\n    // \u82e5\u6811\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u63d0\u524d\u8fd4\u56de\n    if (root == null)\n        return;\n    TreeNode? cur = root, pre = null;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\n    while (cur != null) {\n        // \u627e\u5230\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\n        if (cur.val == num)\n            break;\n        pre = cur;\n        // \u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n        if (cur.val < num)\n            cur = cur.right;\n        // \u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n        else\n            cur = cur.left;\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u65e0\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n    if (cur == null)\n        return;\n    // \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 0 or 1\n    if (cur.left == null || cur.right == null) {\n        // \u5f53\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 0 / 1 \u65f6\uff0c child = null / \u8be5\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\n        TreeNode? child = cur.left ?? cur.right;\n        // \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 cur\n        if (cur != root) {\n            if (pre!.left == cur)\n                pre.left = child;\n            else\n                pre.right = child;\n        } else {\n            // \u82e5\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u4e3a\u6839\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5219\u91cd\u65b0\u6307\u5b9a\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n            root = child;\n        }\n    }\n    // \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 2\n    else {\n        // \u83b7\u53d6\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u4e2d cur \u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\n        TreeNode? tmp = cur.right;\n        while (tmp.left != null) {\n            tmp = tmp.left;\n        }\n        // \u9012\u5f52\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 tmp\n        Remove(tmp.val!.Value);\n        // \u7528 tmp \u8986\u76d6 cur\n        cur.val = tmp.val;\n    }\n}\n
    binary_search_tree.go
    /* \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 */\nfunc (bst *binarySearchTree) remove(num int) {\n    cur := bst.root\n    // \u82e5\u6811\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u63d0\u524d\u8fd4\u56de\n    if cur == nil {\n        return\n    }\n    // \u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u4f4d\u7f6e\n    var pre *TreeNode = nil\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\n    for cur != nil {\n        if cur.Val == num {\n            break\n        }\n        pre = cur\n        if cur.Val.(int) < num {\n            // \u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u5728\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n            cur = cur.Right\n        } else {\n            // \u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u5728\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n            cur = cur.Left\n        }\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u65e0\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n    if cur == nil {\n        return\n    }\n    // \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u4e3a 0 \u6216 1\n    if cur.Left == nil || cur.Right == nil {\n        var child *TreeNode = nil\n        // \u53d6\u51fa\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\n        if cur.Left != nil {\n            child = cur.Left\n        } else {\n            child = cur.Right\n        }\n        // \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 cur\n        if cur != bst.root {\n            if pre.Left == cur {\n                pre.Left = child\n            } else {\n                pre.Right = child\n            }\n        } else {\n            // \u82e5\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u4e3a\u6839\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5219\u91cd\u65b0\u6307\u5b9a\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n            bst.root = child\n        }\n        // \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u4e3a 2\n    } else {\n        // \u83b7\u53d6\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u4e2d\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 cur \u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\n        tmp := cur.Right\n        for tmp.Left != nil {\n            tmp = tmp.Left\n        }\n        // \u9012\u5f52\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 tmp\n        bst.remove(tmp.Val.(int))\n        // \u7528 tmp \u8986\u76d6 cur\n        cur.Val = tmp.Val\n    }\n}\n
    binary_search_tree.swift
    /* \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 */\nfunc remove(num: Int) {\n    // \u82e5\u6811\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u63d0\u524d\u8fd4\u56de\n    if root == nil {\n        return\n    }\n    var cur = root\n    var pre: TreeNode?\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\n    while cur != nil {\n        // \u627e\u5230\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\n        if cur!.val == num {\n            break\n        }\n        pre = cur\n        // \u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n        if cur!.val < num {\n            cur = cur?.right\n        }\n        // \u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n        else {\n            cur = cur?.left\n        }\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u65e0\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n    if cur == nil {\n        return\n    }\n    // \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 0 or 1\n    if cur?.left == nil || cur?.right == nil {\n        // \u5f53\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 0 / 1 \u65f6\uff0c child = null / \u8be5\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\n        let child = cur?.left != nil ? cur?.left : cur?.right\n        // \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 cur\n        if cur !== root {\n            if pre?.left === cur {\n                pre?.left = child\n            } else {\n                pre?.right = child\n            }\n        } else {\n            // \u82e5\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u4e3a\u6839\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5219\u91cd\u65b0\u6307\u5b9a\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n            root = child\n        }\n    }\n    // \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 2\n    else {\n        // \u83b7\u53d6\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u4e2d cur \u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\n        var tmp = cur?.right\n        while tmp?.left != nil {\n            tmp = tmp?.left\n        }\n        // \u9012\u5f52\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 tmp\n        remove(num: tmp!.val)\n        // \u7528 tmp \u8986\u76d6 cur\n        cur?.val = tmp!.val\n    }\n}\n
    binary_search_tree.js
    /* \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 */\nremove(num) {\n    // \u82e5\u6811\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u63d0\u524d\u8fd4\u56de\n    if (this.root === null) return;\n    let cur = this.root,\n        pre = null;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\n    while (cur !== null) {\n        // \u627e\u5230\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\n        if (cur.val === num) break;\n        pre = cur;\n        // \u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n        if (cur.val < num) cur = cur.right;\n        // \u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n        else cur = cur.left;\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u65e0\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n    if (cur === null) return;\n    // \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 0 or 1\n    if (cur.left === null || cur.right === null) {\n        // \u5f53\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 0 / 1 \u65f6\uff0c child = null / \u8be5\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\n        const child = cur.left !== null ? cur.left : cur.right;\n        // \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 cur\n        if (cur !== this.root) {\n            if (pre.left === cur) pre.left = child;\n            else pre.right = child;\n        } else {\n            // \u82e5\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u4e3a\u6839\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5219\u91cd\u65b0\u6307\u5b9a\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n            this.root = child;\n        }\n    }\n    // \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 2\n    else {\n        // \u83b7\u53d6\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u4e2d cur \u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\n        let tmp = cur.right;\n        while (tmp.left !== null) {\n            tmp = tmp.left;\n        }\n        // \u9012\u5f52\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 tmp\n        this.remove(tmp.val);\n        // \u7528 tmp \u8986\u76d6 cur\n        cur.val = tmp.val;\n    }\n}\n
    binary_search_tree.ts
    /* \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 */\nremove(num: number): void {\n    // \u82e5\u6811\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u63d0\u524d\u8fd4\u56de\n    if (this.root === null) return;\n    let cur: TreeNode | null = this.root,\n        pre: TreeNode | null = null;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\n    while (cur !== null) {\n        // \u627e\u5230\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\n        if (cur.val === num) break;\n        pre = cur;\n        // \u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n        if (cur.val < num) cur = cur.right;\n        // \u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n        else cur = cur.left;\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u65e0\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n    if (cur === null) return;\n    // \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 0 or 1\n    if (cur.left === null || cur.right === null) {\n        // \u5f53\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 0 / 1 \u65f6\uff0c child = null / \u8be5\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\n        const child: TreeNode | null =\n            cur.left !== null ? cur.left : cur.right;\n        // \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 cur\n        if (cur !== this.root) {\n            if (pre!.left === cur) pre!.left = child;\n            else pre!.right = child;\n        } else {\n            // \u82e5\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u4e3a\u6839\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5219\u91cd\u65b0\u6307\u5b9a\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n            this.root = child;\n        }\n    }\n    // \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 2\n    else {\n        // \u83b7\u53d6\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u4e2d cur \u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\n        let tmp: TreeNode | null = cur.right;\n        while (tmp!.left !== null) {\n            tmp = tmp!.left;\n        }\n        // \u9012\u5f52\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 tmp\n        this.remove(tmp!.val);\n        // \u7528 tmp \u8986\u76d6 cur\n        cur.val = tmp!.val;\n    }\n}\n
    binary_search_tree.dart
    /* \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 */\nvoid remove(int _num) {\n  // \u82e5\u6811\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u63d0\u524d\u8fd4\u56de\n  if (_root == null) return;\n  TreeNode? cur = _root;\n  TreeNode? pre = null;\n  // \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\n  while (cur != null) {\n    // \u627e\u5230\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\n    if (cur.val == _num) break;\n    pre = cur;\n    // \u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n    if (cur.val < _num)\n      cur = cur.right;\n    // \u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n    else\n      cur = cur.left;\n  }\n  // \u82e5\u65e0\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n  if (cur == null) return;\n  // \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 0 or 1\n  if (cur.left == null || cur.right == null) {\n    // \u5f53\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 0 / 1 \u65f6\uff0c child = null / \u8be5\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\n    TreeNode? child = cur.left ?? cur.right;\n    // \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 cur\n    if (cur != _root) {\n      if (pre!.left == cur)\n        pre.left = child;\n      else\n        pre.right = child;\n    } else {\n      // \u82e5\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u4e3a\u6839\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5219\u91cd\u65b0\u6307\u5b9a\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n      _root = child;\n    }\n  } else {\n    // \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 2\n    // \u83b7\u53d6\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u4e2d cur \u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\n    TreeNode? tmp = cur.right;\n    while (tmp!.left != null) {\n      tmp = tmp.left;\n    }\n    // \u9012\u5f52\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 tmp\n    remove(tmp.val);\n    // \u7528 tmp \u8986\u76d6 cur\n    cur.val = tmp.val;\n  }\n}\n
    binary_search_tree.rs
    /* \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 */\npub fn remove(&mut self, num: i32) {\n    // \u82e5\u6811\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u63d0\u524d\u8fd4\u56de\n    if self.root.is_none() { \n        return; \n    }\n    let mut cur = self.root.clone();\n    let mut pre = None;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\n    while let Some(node) = cur.clone() {\n        match num.cmp(&node.borrow().val) {\n            // \u627e\u5230\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\n            Ordering::Equal => break,\n            // \u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n            Ordering::Greater => {\n                pre = cur.clone();\n                cur = node.borrow().right.clone();\n            }\n            // \u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n            Ordering::Less => {\n                pre = cur.clone();\n                cur = node.borrow().left.clone();\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u65e0\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n    if cur.is_none() {\n        return;\n    }\n    let cur = cur.unwrap();\n    let (left_child, right_child) = (cur.borrow().left.clone(), cur.borrow().right.clone());\n    match (left_child.clone(), right_child.clone()) {\n        // \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 0 or 1\n        (None, None) | (Some(_), None) | (None, Some(_)) => {\n            // \u5f53\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 0 / 1 \u65f6\uff0c child = nullptr / \u8be5\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\n            let child = left_child.or(right_child);\n            let pre = pre.unwrap();\n            // \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 cur\n            if !Rc::ptr_eq(&cur, self.root.as_ref().unwrap()) {\n                let left = pre.borrow().left.clone();\n                if left.is_some() && Rc::ptr_eq(&left.as_ref().unwrap(), &cur) {\n                    pre.borrow_mut().left = child;\n                } else {\n                    pre.borrow_mut().right = child;\n                }\n            } else {\n                // \u82e5\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u4e3a\u6839\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5219\u91cd\u65b0\u6307\u5b9a\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n                self.root = child;\n            }\n        }\n        // \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 2\n        (Some(_), Some(_)) => {\n            // \u83b7\u53d6\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u4e2d cur \u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\n            let mut tmp = cur.borrow().right.clone();\n            while let Some(node) = tmp.clone() {\n                if node.borrow().left.is_some() {\n                    tmp = node.borrow().left.clone();\n                } else {\n                    break;\n                }\n            }\n            let tmpval = tmp.unwrap().borrow().val;\n            // \u9012\u5f52\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 tmp\n            self.remove(tmpval);\n            // \u7528 tmp \u8986\u76d6 cur\n            cur.borrow_mut().val = tmpval;\n        }\n    }\n}\n
    binary_search_tree.c
    /* \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 */\n// \u7531\u4e8e\u5f15\u5165\u4e86 stdio.h \uff0c\u6b64\u5904\u65e0\u6cd5\u4f7f\u7528 remove \u5173\u952e\u8bcd\nvoid removeItem(BinarySearchTree *bst, int num) {\n    // \u82e5\u6811\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u63d0\u524d\u8fd4\u56de\n    if (bst->root == NULL)\n        return;\n    TreeNode *cur = bst->root, *pre = NULL;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\n    while (cur != NULL) {\n        // \u627e\u5230\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\n        if (cur->val == num)\n            break;\n        pre = cur;\n        if (cur->val < num) {\n            // \u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u5728 root \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n            cur = cur->right;\n        } else {\n            // \u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u5728 root \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n            cur = cur->left;\n        }\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u65e0\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n    if (cur == NULL)\n        return;\n    // \u5224\u65ad\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\n    if (cur->left == NULL || cur->right == NULL) {\n        /* \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 0 or 1 */\n        // \u5f53\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 0 / 1 \u65f6\uff0c child = nullptr / \u8be5\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\n        TreeNode *child = cur->left != NULL ? cur->left : cur->right;\n        // \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 cur\n        if (pre->left == cur) {\n            pre->left = child;\n        } else {\n            pre->right = child;\n        }\n        // \u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\n        free(cur);\n    } else {\n        /* \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 2 */\n        // \u83b7\u53d6\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u4e2d cur \u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\n        TreeNode *tmp = cur->right;\n        while (tmp->left != NULL) {\n            tmp = tmp->left;\n        }\n        int tmpVal = tmp->val;\n        // \u9012\u5f52\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 tmp\n        removeItem(bst, tmp->val);\n        // \u7528 tmp \u8986\u76d6 cur\n        cur->val = tmpVal;\n    }\n}\n
    binary_search_tree.zig
    // \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\nfn remove(self: *Self, num: T) void {\n    // \u82e5\u6811\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u63d0\u524d\u8fd4\u56de\n    if (self.root == null) return;\n    var cur = self.root;\n    var pre: ?*inc.TreeNode(T) = null;\n    // \u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u8df3\u51fa\n    while (cur != null) {\n        // \u627e\u5230\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\n        if (cur.?.val == num) break;\n        pre = cur;\n        // \u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n        if (cur.?.val < num) {\n            cur = cur.?.right;\n        // \u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u5728 cur \u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u4e2d\n        } else {\n            cur = cur.?.left;\n        }\n    }\n    // \u82e5\u65e0\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\n    if (cur == null) return;\n    // \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 0 or 1\n    if (cur.?.left == null or cur.?.right == null) {\n        // \u5f53\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 0 / 1 \u65f6\uff0c child = null / \u8be5\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\n        var child = if (cur.?.left != null) cur.?.left else cur.?.right;\n        // \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 cur\n        if (pre.?.left == cur) {\n            pre.?.left = child;\n        } else {\n            pre.?.right = child;\n        }\n    // \u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf = 2\n    } else {\n        // \u83b7\u53d6\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u4e2d cur \u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\n        var tmp = cur.?.right;\n        while (tmp.?.left != null) {\n            tmp = tmp.?.left;\n        }\n        var tmp_val = tmp.?.val;\n        // \u9012\u5f52\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 tmp\n        self.remove(tmp.?.val);\n        // \u7528 tmp \u8986\u76d6 cur\n        cur.?.val = tmp_val;\n    }\n}\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_tree/binary_search_tree/#4","title":"4. \u00a0 \u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u6709\u5e8f","text":"

    \u5982\u56fe 7-22 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u9075\u5faa\u201c\u5de6 \\(\\rightarrow\\) \u6839 \\(\\rightarrow\\) \u53f3\u201d\u7684\u904d\u5386\u987a\u5e8f\uff0c\u800c\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u6ee1\u8db3\u201c\u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9 \\(<\\) \u6839\u8282\u70b9 \\(<\\) \u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u201d\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u5173\u7cfb\u3002

    \u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5728\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u65f6\uff0c\u603b\u662f\u4f1a\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u6700\u5c0f\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f97\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u8d28\uff1a\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u7684\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\u662f\u5347\u5e8f\u7684\u3002

    \u5229\u7528\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u5347\u5e8f\u7684\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u4e2d\u83b7\u53d6\u6709\u5e8f\u6570\u636e\u4ec5\u9700 \\(O(n)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u65e0\u987b\u8fdb\u884c\u989d\u5916\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u9ad8\u6548\u3002

    \u56fe 7-22 \u00a0 \u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u7684\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217

    "},{"location":"chapter_tree/binary_search_tree/#742","title":"7.4.2 \u00a0 \u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u7684\u6548\u7387","text":"

    \u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u7ec4\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8003\u8651\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u7ec4\u6216\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u5b58\u50a8\u3002\u89c2\u5bdf\u8868 7-2 \uff0c\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u7684\u5404\u9879\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u90fd\u662f\u5bf9\u6570\u9636\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u7a33\u5b9a\u4e14\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u9ad8\u9891\u6dfb\u52a0\u3001\u4f4e\u9891\u67e5\u627e\u5220\u9664\u6570\u636e\u7684\u573a\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u6570\u7ec4\u6bd4\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u7684\u6548\u7387\u66f4\u9ad8\u3002

    \u8868 7-2 \u00a0 \u6570\u7ec4\u4e0e\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u7684\u6548\u7387\u5bf9\u6bd4

    \u65e0\u5e8f\u6570\u7ec4 \u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811 \u67e5\u627e\u5143\u7d20 \\(O(n)\\) \\(O(\\log n)\\) \u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20 \\(O(1)\\) \\(O(\\log n)\\) \u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20 \\(O(n)\\) \\(O(\\log n)\\)

    \u5728\u7406\u60f3\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u662f\u201c\u5e73\u8861\u201d\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728 \\(\\log n\\) \u8f6e\u5faa\u73af\u5185\u67e5\u627e\u4efb\u610f\u8282\u70b9\u3002

    \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u4e2d\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u63d2\u5165\u548c\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u9000\u5316\u4e3a\u56fe 7-23 \u6240\u793a\u7684\u94fe\u8868\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u5404\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e5f\u4f1a\u9000\u5316\u4e3a \\(O(n)\\) \u3002

    \u56fe 7-23 \u00a0 \u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u9000\u5316

    "},{"location":"chapter_tree/binary_search_tree/#743","title":"7.4.3 \u00a0 \u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u5e38\u89c1\u5e94\u7528","text":"
    • \u7528\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u591a\u7ea7\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u67e5\u627e\u3001\u63d2\u5165\u3001\u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002
    • \u4f5c\u4e3a\u67d0\u4e9b\u641c\u7d22\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u5e95\u5c42\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u3002
    • \u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u6570\u636e\u6d41\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fdd\u6301\u5176\u6709\u5e8f\u72b6\u6001\u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_tree/binary_tree/","title":"7.1 \u00a0 \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811","text":"

    \u300c\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811 binary tree\u300d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u201c\u7956\u5148\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u540e\u4ee3\u201d\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6d3e\u751f\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u201c\u4e00\u5206\u4e3a\u4e8c\u201d\u7684\u5206\u6cbb\u903b\u8f91\u3002\u4e0e\u94fe\u8868\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5355\u5143\u662f\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u5305\u542b\u503c\u3001\u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528\u3002

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig 
    class TreeNode:\n    \"\"\"\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b\"\"\"\n    def __init__(self, val: int):\n        self.val: int = val                # \u8282\u70b9\u503c\n        self.left: TreeNode | None = None  # \u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528\n        self.right: TreeNode | None = None # \u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528\n
    /* \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u8282\u70b9\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53 */\nstruct TreeNode {\n    int val;          // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\n    TreeNode *left;   // \u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6307\u9488\n    TreeNode *right;  // \u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6307\u9488\n    TreeNode(int x) : val(x), left(nullptr), right(nullptr) {}\n};\n
    /* \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b */\nclass TreeNode {\n    int val;         // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\n    TreeNode left;   // \u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528\n    TreeNode right;  // \u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528\n    TreeNode(int x) { val = x; }\n}\n
    /* \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b */\nclass TreeNode(int? x) {\n    public int? val = x;    // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\n    public TreeNode? left;  // \u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528\n    public TreeNode? right; // \u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528\n}\n
    /* \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u8282\u70b9\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53 */\ntype TreeNode struct {\n    Val   int\n    Left  *TreeNode\n    Right *TreeNode\n}\n/* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\nfunc NewTreeNode(v int) *TreeNode {\n    return &TreeNode{\n        Left:  nil, // \u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6307\u9488\n        Right: nil, // \u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6307\u9488\n        Val:   v,   // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\n    }\n}\n
    /* \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b */\nclass TreeNode {\n    var val: Int // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\n    var left: TreeNode? // \u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528\n    var right: TreeNode? // \u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528\n\n    init(x: Int) {\n        val = x\n    }\n}\n
    /* \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b */\nclass TreeNode {\n    val; // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\n    left; // \u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6307\u9488\n    right; // \u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6307\u9488\n    constructor(val, left, right) {\n        this.val = val === undefined ? 0 : val;\n        this.left = left === undefined ? null : left;\n        this.right = right === undefined ? null : right;\n    }\n}\n
    /* \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b */\nclass TreeNode {\n    val: number;\n    left: TreeNode | null;\n    right: TreeNode | null;\n\n    constructor(val?: number, left?: TreeNode | null, right?: TreeNode | null) {\n        this.val = val === undefined ? 0 : val; // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\n        this.left = left === undefined ? null : left; // \u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528\n        this.right = right === undefined ? null : right; // \u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528\n    }\n}\n
    /* \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u8282\u70b9\u7c7b */\nclass TreeNode {\n  int val;         // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\n  TreeNode? left;  // \u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528\n  TreeNode? right; // \u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528\n  TreeNode(this.val, [this.left, this.right]);\n}\n
    use std::rc::Rc;\nuse std::cell::RefCell;\n\n/* \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u8282\u70b9\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53 */\nstruct TreeNode {\n    val: i32,                               // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\n    left: Option<Rc<RefCell<TreeNode>>>,    // \u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528\n    right: Option<Rc<RefCell<TreeNode>>>,   // \u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528\n}\n\nimpl TreeNode {\n    /* \u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5 */\n    fn new(val: i32) -> Rc<RefCell<Self>> {\n        Rc::new(RefCell::new(Self {\n            val,\n            left: None,\n            right: None\n        }))\n    }\n}\n
    /* \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u8282\u70b9\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53 */\ntypedef struct TreeNode {\n    int val;                // \u8282\u70b9\u503c\n    int height;             // \u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\n    struct TreeNode *left;  // \u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6307\u9488\n    struct TreeNode *right; // \u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6307\u9488\n} TreeNode;\n\n/* \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570 */\nTreeNode *newTreeNode(int val) {\n    TreeNode *node;\n\n    node = (TreeNode *)malloc(sizeof(TreeNode));\n    node->val = val;\n    node->height = 0;\n    node->left = NULL;\n    node->right = NULL;\n    return node;\n}\n
    \n

    \u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u5f15\u7528\uff08\u6307\u9488\uff09\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u300c\u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9 left-child node\u300d\u548c\u300c\u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9 right-child node\u300d\uff0c\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u300c\u7236\u8282\u70b9 parent node\u300d\u3002\u5f53\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u53ca\u5176\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8282\u70b9\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u6811\u79f0\u4e3a\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u300c\u5de6\u5b50\u6811 left subtree\u300d\uff0c\u540c\u7406\u53ef\u5f97\u300c\u53f3\u5b50\u6811 right subtree\u300d\u3002

    \u5728\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u4e2d\uff0c\u9664\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u5916\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u5305\u542b\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u548c\u975e\u7a7a\u5b50\u6811\u3002\u5982\u56fe 7-1 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5c06\u201c\u8282\u70b9 2\u201d\u89c6\u4e3a\u7236\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5219\u5176\u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5206\u522b\u662f\u201c\u8282\u70b9 4\u201d\u548c\u201c\u8282\u70b9 5\u201d\uff0c\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u662f\u201c\u8282\u70b9 4 \u53ca\u5176\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8282\u70b9\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u6811\u201d\uff0c\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u662f\u201c\u8282\u70b9 5 \u53ca\u5176\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8282\u70b9\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u6811\u201d\u3002

    \u56fe 7-1 \u00a0 \u7236\u8282\u70b9\u3001\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u3001\u5b50\u6811

    "},{"location":"chapter_tree/binary_tree/#711","title":"7.1.1 \u00a0 \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u5e38\u89c1\u672f\u8bed","text":"

    \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u5e38\u7528\u672f\u8bed\u5982\u56fe 7-2 \u6240\u793a\u3002

    • \u300c\u6839\u8282\u70b9 root node\u300d\uff1a\u4f4d\u4e8e\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u9876\u5c42\u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u3002
    • \u300c\u53f6\u8282\u70b9 leaf node\u300d\uff1a\u6ca1\u6709\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5176\u4e24\u4e2a\u6307\u9488\u5747\u6307\u5411 None \u3002
    • \u300c\u8fb9 edge\u300d\uff1a\u8fde\u63a5\u4e24\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7ebf\u6bb5\uff0c\u5373\u8282\u70b9\u5f15\u7528\uff08\u6307\u9488\uff09\u3002
    • \u8282\u70b9\u6240\u5728\u7684\u300c\u5c42 level\u300d\uff1a\u4ece\u9876\u81f3\u5e95\u9012\u589e\uff0c\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u6240\u5728\u5c42\u4e3a 1 \u3002
    • \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u300c\u5ea6 degree\u300d\uff1a\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u3002\u5728\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u4e2d\uff0c\u5ea6\u7684\u53d6\u503c\u8303\u56f4\u662f 0\u30011\u30012 \u3002
    • \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u300c\u9ad8\u5ea6 height\u300d\uff1a\u4ece\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u5230\u6700\u8fdc\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u6240\u7ecf\u8fc7\u7684\u8fb9\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u3002
    • \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u300c\u6df1\u5ea6 depth\u300d\uff1a\u4ece\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u5230\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u6240\u7ecf\u8fc7\u7684\u8fb9\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u3002
    • \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u300c\u9ad8\u5ea6 height\u300d\uff1a\u4ece\u8ddd\u79bb\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u6700\u8fdc\u7684\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u5230\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u6240\u7ecf\u8fc7\u7684\u8fb9\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u3002

    \u56fe 7-2 \u00a0 \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u5e38\u7528\u672f\u8bed

    Tip

    \u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u5c06\u201c\u9ad8\u5ea6\u201d\u548c\u201c\u6df1\u5ea6\u201d\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u201c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u7684\u8fb9\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u6709\u4e9b\u9898\u76ee\u6216\u6559\u6750\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5c06\u5176\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u201c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u201d\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u9ad8\u5ea6\u548c\u6df1\u5ea6\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u52a0 1 \u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_tree/binary_tree/#712","title":"7.1.2 \u00a0 \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u57fa\u672c\u64cd\u4f5c","text":""},{"location":"chapter_tree/binary_tree/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811","text":"

    \u4e0e\u94fe\u8868\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u6784\u5efa\u5f15\u7528\uff08\u6307\u9488\uff09\u3002

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig binary_tree.py
    # \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\n# \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u8282\u70b9\nn1 = TreeNode(val=1)\nn2 = TreeNode(val=2)\nn3 = TreeNode(val=3)\nn4 = TreeNode(val=4)\nn5 = TreeNode(val=5)\n# \u6784\u5efa\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5f15\u7528\uff08\u6307\u9488\uff09\nn1.left = n2\nn1.right = n3\nn2.left = n4\nn2.right = n5\n
    binary_tree.cpp
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811 */\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u8282\u70b9\nTreeNode* n1 = new TreeNode(1);\nTreeNode* n2 = new TreeNode(2);\nTreeNode* n3 = new TreeNode(3);\nTreeNode* n4 = new TreeNode(4);\nTreeNode* n5 = new TreeNode(5);\n// \u6784\u5efa\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5f15\u7528\uff08\u6307\u9488\uff09\nn1->left = n2;\nn1->right = n3;\nn2->left = n4;\nn2->right = n5;\n
    binary_tree.java
    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u8282\u70b9\nTreeNode n1 = new TreeNode(1);\nTreeNode n2 = new TreeNode(2);\nTreeNode n3 = new TreeNode(3);\nTreeNode n4 = new TreeNode(4);\nTreeNode n5 = new TreeNode(5);\n// \u6784\u5efa\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5f15\u7528\uff08\u6307\u9488\uff09\nn1.left = n2;\nn1.right = n3;\nn2.left = n4;\nn2.right = n5;\n
    binary_tree.cs
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811 */\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u8282\u70b9\nTreeNode n1 = new(1);\nTreeNode n2 = new(2);\nTreeNode n3 = new(3);\nTreeNode n4 = new(4);\nTreeNode n5 = new(5);\n// \u6784\u5efa\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5f15\u7528\uff08\u6307\u9488\uff09\nn1.left = n2;\nn1.right = n3;\nn2.left = n4;\nn2.right = n5;\n
    binary_tree.go
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811 */\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u8282\u70b9\nn1 := NewTreeNode(1)\nn2 := NewTreeNode(2)\nn3 := NewTreeNode(3)\nn4 := NewTreeNode(4)\nn5 := NewTreeNode(5)\n// \u6784\u5efa\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5f15\u7528\uff08\u6307\u9488\uff09\nn1.Left = n2\nn1.Right = n3\nn2.Left = n4\nn2.Right = n5\n
    binary_tree.swift
    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u8282\u70b9\nlet n1 = TreeNode(x: 1)\nlet n2 = TreeNode(x: 2)\nlet n3 = TreeNode(x: 3)\nlet n4 = TreeNode(x: 4)\nlet n5 = TreeNode(x: 5)\n// \u6784\u5efa\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5f15\u7528\uff08\u6307\u9488\uff09\nn1.left = n2\nn1.right = n3\nn2.left = n4\nn2.right = n5\n
    binary_tree.js
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811 */\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u8282\u70b9\nlet n1 = new TreeNode(1),\n    n2 = new TreeNode(2),\n    n3 = new TreeNode(3),\n    n4 = new TreeNode(4),\n    n5 = new TreeNode(5);\n// \u6784\u5efa\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5f15\u7528\uff08\u6307\u9488\uff09\nn1.left = n2;\nn1.right = n3;\nn2.left = n4;\nn2.right = n5;\n
    binary_tree.ts
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811 */\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u8282\u70b9\nlet n1 = new TreeNode(1),\n    n2 = new TreeNode(2),\n    n3 = new TreeNode(3),\n    n4 = new TreeNode(4),\n    n5 = new TreeNode(5);\n// \u6784\u5efa\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5f15\u7528\uff08\u6307\u9488\uff09\nn1.left = n2;\nn1.right = n3;\nn2.left = n4;\nn2.right = n5;\n
    binary_tree.dart
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811 */\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u8282\u70b9\nTreeNode n1 = new TreeNode(1);\nTreeNode n2 = new TreeNode(2);\nTreeNode n3 = new TreeNode(3);\nTreeNode n4 = new TreeNode(4);\nTreeNode n5 = new TreeNode(5);\n// \u6784\u5efa\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5f15\u7528\uff08\u6307\u9488\uff09\nn1.left = n2;\nn1.right = n3;\nn2.left = n4;\nn2.right = n5;\n
    binary_tree.rs
    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u8282\u70b9\nlet n1 = TreeNode::new(1);\nlet n2 = TreeNode::new(2);\nlet n3 = TreeNode::new(3);\nlet n4 = TreeNode::new(4);\nlet n5 = TreeNode::new(5);\n// \u6784\u5efa\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5f15\u7528\uff08\u6307\u9488\uff09\nn1.borrow_mut().left = Some(n2.clone());\nn1.borrow_mut().right = Some(n3);\nn2.borrow_mut().left = Some(n4);\nn2.borrow_mut().right = Some(n5);\n
    binary_tree.c
    /* \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811 */\n// \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u8282\u70b9\nTreeNode *n1 = newTreeNode(1);\nTreeNode *n2 = newTreeNode(2);\nTreeNode *n3 = newTreeNode(3);\nTreeNode *n4 = newTreeNode(4);\nTreeNode *n5 = newTreeNode(5);\n// \u6784\u5efa\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5f15\u7528\uff08\u6307\u9488\uff09\nn1->left = n2;\nn1->right = n3;\nn2->left = n4;\nn2->right = n5;\n
    binary_tree.zig
    \n
    "},{"location":"chapter_tree/binary_tree/#2","title":"2. \u00a0 \u63d2\u5165\u4e0e\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9","text":"

    \u4e0e\u94fe\u8868\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u5728\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u4e2d\u63d2\u5165\u4e0e\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4fee\u6539\u6307\u9488\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u56fe 7-3 \u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u3002

    \u56fe 7-3 \u00a0 \u5728\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u4e2d\u63d2\u5165\u4e0e\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig binary_tree.py
    # \u63d2\u5165\u4e0e\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\np = TreeNode(0)\n# \u5728 n1 -> n2 \u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 P\nn1.left = p\np.left = n2\n# \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 P\nn1.left = n2\n
    binary_tree.cpp
    /* \u63d2\u5165\u4e0e\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 */\nTreeNode* P = new TreeNode(0);\n// \u5728 n1 -> n2 \u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 P\nn1->left = P;\nP->left = n2;\n// \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 P\nn1->left = n2;\n
    binary_tree.java
    TreeNode P = new TreeNode(0);\n// \u5728 n1 -> n2 \u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 P\nn1.left = P;\nP.left = n2;\n// \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 P\nn1.left = n2;\n
    binary_tree.cs
    /* \u63d2\u5165\u4e0e\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 */\nTreeNode P = new(0);\n// \u5728 n1 -> n2 \u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 P\nn1.left = P;\nP.left = n2;\n// \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 P\nn1.left = n2;\n
    binary_tree.go
    /* \u63d2\u5165\u4e0e\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 */\n// \u5728 n1 -> n2 \u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 P\np := NewTreeNode(0)\nn1.Left = p\np.Left = n2\n// \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 P\nn1.Left = n2\n
    binary_tree.swift
    let P = TreeNode(x: 0)\n// \u5728 n1 -> n2 \u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 P\nn1.left = P\nP.left = n2\n// \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 P\nn1.left = n2\n
    binary_tree.js
    /* \u63d2\u5165\u4e0e\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 */\nlet P = new TreeNode(0);\n// \u5728 n1 -> n2 \u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 P\nn1.left = P;\nP.left = n2;\n// \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 P\nn1.left = n2;\n
    binary_tree.ts
    /* \u63d2\u5165\u4e0e\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 */\nconst P = new TreeNode(0);\n// \u5728 n1 -> n2 \u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 P\nn1.left = P;\nP.left = n2;\n// \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 P\nn1.left = n2;\n
    binary_tree.dart
    /* \u63d2\u5165\u4e0e\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 */\nTreeNode P = new TreeNode(0);\n// \u5728 n1 -> n2 \u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 P\nn1.left = P;\nP.left = n2;\n// \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 P\nn1.left = n2;\n
    binary_tree.rs
    let p = TreeNode::new(0);\n// \u5728 n1 -> n2 \u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 P\nn1.borrow_mut().left = Some(p.clone());\np.borrow_mut().left = Some(n2.clone());\n// \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 p\nn1.borrow_mut().left = Some(n2);\n
    binary_tree.c
    /* \u63d2\u5165\u4e0e\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 */\nTreeNode *P = newTreeNode(0);\n// \u5728 n1 -> n2 \u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9 P\nn1->left = P;\nP->left = n2;\n// \u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9 P\nn1->left = n2;\n
    binary_tree.zig
    \n

    Note

    \u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u63d2\u5165\u8282\u70b9\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6539\u53d8\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u539f\u6709\u903b\u8f91\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u800c\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u901a\u5e38\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5220\u9664\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u53ca\u5176\u6240\u6709\u5b50\u6811\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u4e2d\uff0c\u63d2\u5165\u4e0e\u5220\u9664\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u7531\u4e00\u5957\u64cd\u4f5c\u914d\u5408\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u6709\u5b9e\u9645\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_tree/binary_tree/#713","title":"7.1.3 \u00a0 \u5e38\u89c1\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7c7b\u578b","text":""},{"location":"chapter_tree/binary_tree/#1_1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u5b8c\u7f8e\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811","text":"

    \u5982\u56fe 7-4 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u300c\u5b8c\u7f8e\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811 perfect binary tree\u300d\u6240\u6709\u5c42\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u88ab\u5b8c\u5168\u586b\u6ee1\u3002\u5728\u5b8c\u7f8e\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u4e2d\uff0c\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(0\\) \uff0c\u5176\u4f59\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5ea6\u90fd\u4e3a \\(2\\) \uff1b\u82e5\u6811\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(h\\) \uff0c\u5219\u8282\u70b9\u603b\u6570\u4e3a \\(2^{h+1} - 1\\) \uff0c\u5448\u73b0\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u6307\u6570\u7ea7\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u4e2d\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u5206\u88c2\u73b0\u8c61\u3002

    Tip

    \u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u5728\u4e2d\u6587\u793e\u533a\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b8c\u7f8e\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u5e38\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u300c\u6ee1\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u300d\u3002

    \u56fe 7-4 \u00a0 \u5b8c\u7f8e\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811

    "},{"location":"chapter_tree/binary_tree/#2_1","title":"2. \u00a0 \u5b8c\u5168\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811","text":"

    \u5982\u56fe 7-5 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u300c\u5b8c\u5168\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811 complete binary tree\u300d\u53ea\u6709\u6700\u5e95\u5c42\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u672a\u88ab\u586b\u6ee1\uff0c\u4e14\u6700\u5e95\u5c42\u8282\u70b9\u5c3d\u91cf\u9760\u5de6\u586b\u5145\u3002

    \u56fe 7-5 \u00a0 \u5b8c\u5168\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811

    "},{"location":"chapter_tree/binary_tree/#3","title":"3. \u00a0 \u5b8c\u6ee1\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811","text":"

    \u5982\u56fe 7-6 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u300c\u5b8c\u6ee1\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811 full binary tree\u300d\u9664\u4e86\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5176\u4f59\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u3002

    \u56fe 7-6 \u00a0 \u5b8c\u6ee1\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811

    "},{"location":"chapter_tree/binary_tree/#4","title":"4. \u00a0 \u5e73\u8861\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811","text":"

    \u5982\u56fe 7-7 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u300c\u5e73\u8861\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811 balanced binary tree\u300d\u4e2d\u4efb\u610f\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5de6\u5b50\u6811\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e4b\u5dee\u7684\u7edd\u5bf9\u503c\u4e0d\u8d85\u8fc7 1 \u3002

    \u56fe 7-7 \u00a0 \u5e73\u8861\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811

    "},{"location":"chapter_tree/binary_tree/#714","title":"7.1.4 \u00a0 \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u9000\u5316","text":"

    \u56fe 7-8 \u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u9000\u5316\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u5f53\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u6bcf\u5c42\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u88ab\u586b\u6ee1\u65f6\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u201c\u5b8c\u7f8e\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u201d\uff1b\u800c\u5f53\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u504f\u5411\u4e00\u4fa7\u65f6\uff0c\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u9000\u5316\u4e3a\u201c\u94fe\u8868\u201d\u3002

    • \u5b8c\u7f8e\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u662f\u7406\u60f3\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5145\u5206\u53d1\u6325\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u201c\u5206\u6cbb\u201d\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u3002
    • \u94fe\u8868\u5219\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6781\u7aef\uff0c\u5404\u9879\u64cd\u4f5c\u90fd\u53d8\u4e3a\u7ebf\u6027\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u9000\u5316\u81f3 \\(O(n)\\) \u3002

    \u56fe 7-8 \u00a0 \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u6700\u5dee\u7ed3\u6784

    \u5982\u8868 7-1 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5728\u6700\u4f73\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u6700\u5dee\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf\u3001\u8282\u70b9\u603b\u6570\u3001\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7b49\u8fbe\u5230\u6781\u5927\u503c\u6216\u6781\u5c0f\u503c\u3002

    \u8868 7-1 \u00a0 \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u6700\u5dee\u7ed3\u6784

    \u5b8c\u7f8e\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811 \u94fe\u8868 \u7b2c \\(i\\) \u5c42\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf \\(2^{i-1}\\) \\(1\\) \u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(h\\) \u7684\u6811\u7684\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf \\(2^h\\) \\(1\\) \u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(h\\) \u7684\u6811\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u603b\u6570 \\(2^{h+1} - 1\\) \\(h + 1\\) \u8282\u70b9\u603b\u6570\u4e3a \\(n\\) \u7684\u6811\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6 \\(\\log_2 (n+1) - 1\\) \\(n - 1\\)"},{"location":"chapter_tree/binary_tree_traversal/","title":"7.2 \u00a0 \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u904d\u5386","text":"

    \u4ece\u7269\u7406\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u6811\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8868\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5176\u904d\u5386\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u6307\u9488\u9010\u4e2a\u8bbf\u95ee\u8282\u70b9\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6811\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u904d\u5386\u6811\u6bd4\u904d\u5386\u94fe\u8868\u66f4\u52a0\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u501f\u52a9\u641c\u7d22\u7b97\u6cd5\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002

    \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u904d\u5386\u65b9\u5f0f\u5305\u62ec\u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u3001\u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u3001\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u548c\u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u7b49\u3002

    "},{"location":"chapter_tree/binary_tree_traversal/#721","title":"7.2.1 \u00a0 \u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386","text":"

    \u5982\u56fe 7-9 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u300c\u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 level-order traversal\u300d\u4ece\u9876\u90e8\u5230\u5e95\u90e8\u9010\u5c42\u904d\u5386\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u6bcf\u4e00\u5c42\u6309\u7167\u4ece\u5de6\u5230\u53f3\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u8bbf\u95ee\u8282\u70b9\u3002

    \u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u5c5e\u4e8e\u300c\u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 breadth-first traversal\u300d\uff0c\u4e5f\u79f0\u300c\u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u641c\u7d22 breadth-first search, BFS\u300d\uff0c\u5b83\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u4e00\u5708\u4e00\u5708\u5411\u5916\u6269\u5c55\u201d\u7684\u9010\u5c42\u904d\u5386\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002

    \u56fe 7-9 \u00a0 \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386

    "},{"location":"chapter_tree/binary_tree_traversal/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0","text":"

    \u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386\u901a\u5e38\u501f\u52a9\u201c\u961f\u5217\u201d\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u961f\u5217\u9075\u5faa\u201c\u5148\u8fdb\u5148\u51fa\u201d\u7684\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u800c\u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386\u5219\u9075\u5faa\u201c\u9010\u5c42\u63a8\u8fdb\u201d\u7684\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u4e24\u8005\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u662f\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u3002\u5b9e\u73b0\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig binary_tree_bfs.py
    def level_order(root: TreeNode | None) -> list[int]:\n    \"\"\"\u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\"\"\"\n    # \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u961f\u5217\uff0c\u52a0\u5165\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    queue: deque[TreeNode] = deque()\n    queue.append(root)\n    # \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u4fdd\u5b58\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\n    res = []\n    while queue:\n        node: TreeNode = queue.popleft()  # \u961f\u5217\u51fa\u961f\n        res.append(node.val)  # \u4fdd\u5b58\u8282\u70b9\u503c\n        if node.left is not None:\n            queue.append(node.left)  # \u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5165\u961f\n        if node.right is not None:\n            queue.append(node.right)  # \u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5165\u961f\n    return res\n
    binary_tree_bfs.cpp
    /* \u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nvector<int> levelOrder(TreeNode *root) {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u961f\u5217\uff0c\u52a0\u5165\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    queue<TreeNode *> queue;\n    queue.push(root);\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u4fdd\u5b58\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\n    vector<int> vec;\n    while (!queue.empty()) {\n        TreeNode *node = queue.front();\n        queue.pop();              // \u961f\u5217\u51fa\u961f\n        vec.push_back(node->val); // \u4fdd\u5b58\u8282\u70b9\u503c\n        if (node->left != nullptr)\n            queue.push(node->left); // \u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5165\u961f\n        if (node->right != nullptr)\n            queue.push(node->right); // \u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5165\u961f\n    }\n    return vec;\n}\n
    binary_tree_bfs.java
    /* \u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nList<Integer> levelOrder(TreeNode root) {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u961f\u5217\uff0c\u52a0\u5165\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    Queue<TreeNode> queue = new LinkedList<>();\n    queue.add(root);\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u4fdd\u5b58\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\n    List<Integer> list = new ArrayList<>();\n    while (!queue.isEmpty()) {\n        TreeNode node = queue.poll(); // \u961f\u5217\u51fa\u961f\n        list.add(node.val);           // \u4fdd\u5b58\u8282\u70b9\u503c\n        if (node.left != null)\n            queue.offer(node.left);   // \u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5165\u961f\n        if (node.right != null)\n            queue.offer(node.right);  // \u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5165\u961f\n    }\n    return list;\n}\n
    binary_tree_bfs.cs
    /* \u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nList<int> LevelOrder(TreeNode root) {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u961f\u5217\uff0c\u52a0\u5165\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    Queue<TreeNode> queue = new();\n    queue.Enqueue(root);\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u4fdd\u5b58\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\n    List<int> list = [];\n    while (queue.Count != 0) {\n        TreeNode node = queue.Dequeue(); // \u961f\u5217\u51fa\u961f\n        list.Add(node.val!.Value);       // \u4fdd\u5b58\u8282\u70b9\u503c\n        if (node.left != null)\n            queue.Enqueue(node.left);    // \u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5165\u961f\n        if (node.right != null)\n            queue.Enqueue(node.right);   // \u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5165\u961f\n    }\n    return list;\n}\n
    binary_tree_bfs.go
    /* \u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nfunc levelOrder(root *TreeNode) []any {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u961f\u5217\uff0c\u52a0\u5165\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    queue := list.New()\n    queue.PushBack(root)\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u5207\u7247\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u4fdd\u5b58\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\n    nums := make([]any, 0)\n    for queue.Len() > 0 {\n        // \u961f\u5217\u51fa\u961f\n        node := queue.Remove(queue.Front()).(*TreeNode)\n        // \u4fdd\u5b58\u8282\u70b9\u503c\n        nums = append(nums, node.Val)\n        if node.Left != nil {\n            // \u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5165\u961f\n            queue.PushBack(node.Left)\n        }\n        if node.Right != nil {\n            // \u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5165\u961f\n            queue.PushBack(node.Right)\n        }\n    }\n    return nums\n}\n
    binary_tree_bfs.swift
    /* \u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nfunc levelOrder(root: TreeNode) -> [Int] {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u961f\u5217\uff0c\u52a0\u5165\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    var queue: [TreeNode] = [root]\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u4fdd\u5b58\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\n    var list: [Int] = []\n    while !queue.isEmpty {\n        let node = queue.removeFirst() // \u961f\u5217\u51fa\u961f\n        list.append(node.val) // \u4fdd\u5b58\u8282\u70b9\u503c\n        if let left = node.left {\n            queue.append(left) // \u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5165\u961f\n        }\n        if let right = node.right {\n            queue.append(right) // \u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5165\u961f\n        }\n    }\n    return list\n}\n
    binary_tree_bfs.js
    /* \u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nfunction levelOrder(root) {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u961f\u5217\uff0c\u52a0\u5165\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    const queue = [root];\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u4fdd\u5b58\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\n    const list = [];\n    while (queue.length) {\n        let node = queue.shift(); // \u961f\u5217\u51fa\u961f\n        list.push(node.val); // \u4fdd\u5b58\u8282\u70b9\u503c\n        if (node.left) queue.push(node.left); // \u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5165\u961f\n        if (node.right) queue.push(node.right); // \u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5165\u961f\n    }\n    return list;\n}\n
    binary_tree_bfs.ts
    /* \u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nfunction levelOrder(root: TreeNode | null): number[] {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u961f\u5217\uff0c\u52a0\u5165\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    const queue = [root];\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u4fdd\u5b58\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\n    const list: number[] = [];\n    while (queue.length) {\n        let node = queue.shift() as TreeNode; // \u961f\u5217\u51fa\u961f\n        list.push(node.val); // \u4fdd\u5b58\u8282\u70b9\u503c\n        if (node.left) {\n            queue.push(node.left); // \u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5165\u961f\n        }\n        if (node.right) {\n            queue.push(node.right); // \u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5165\u961f\n        }\n    }\n    return list;\n}\n
    binary_tree_bfs.dart
    /* \u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nList<int> levelOrder(TreeNode? root) {\n  // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u961f\u5217\uff0c\u52a0\u5165\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n  Queue<TreeNode?> queue = Queue();\n  queue.add(root);\n  // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u4fdd\u5b58\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\n  List<int> res = [];\n  while (queue.isNotEmpty) {\n    TreeNode? node = queue.removeFirst(); // \u961f\u5217\u51fa\u961f\n    res.add(node!.val); // \u4fdd\u5b58\u8282\u70b9\u503c\n    if (node.left != null) queue.add(node.left); // \u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5165\u961f\n    if (node.right != null) queue.add(node.right); // \u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5165\u961f\n  }\n  return res;\n}\n
    binary_tree_bfs.rs
    /* \u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nfn level_order(root: &Rc<RefCell<TreeNode>>) -> Vec<i32> {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u961f\u5217\uff0c\u52a0\u5165\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    let mut que = VecDeque::new();\n    que.push_back(Rc::clone(&root));\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u4fdd\u5b58\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\n    let mut vec = Vec::new();\n\n    while let Some(node) = que.pop_front() {                 // \u961f\u5217\u51fa\u961f\n        vec.push(node.borrow().val);                         // \u4fdd\u5b58\u8282\u70b9\u503c\n        if let Some(left) = node.borrow().left.as_ref() {\n            que.push_back(Rc::clone(left));                  // \u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5165\u961f\n        }\n        if let Some(right) = node.borrow().right.as_ref() {\n            que.push_back(Rc::clone(right));                 // \u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5165\u961f\n        };\n    }\n    vec\n}\n
    binary_tree_bfs.c
    /* \u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nint *levelOrder(TreeNode *root, int *size) {\n    /* \u8f85\u52a9\u961f\u5217 */\n    int front, rear;\n    int index, *arr;\n    TreeNode *node;\n    TreeNode **queue;\n\n    /* \u8f85\u52a9\u961f\u5217 */\n    queue = (TreeNode **)malloc(sizeof(TreeNode *) * MAX_SIZE);\n    // \u961f\u5217\u6307\u9488\n    front = 0, rear = 0;\n    // \u52a0\u5165\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    queue[rear++] = root;\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u4fdd\u5b58\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\n    /* \u8f85\u52a9\u6570\u7ec4 */\n    arr = (int *)malloc(sizeof(int) * MAX_SIZE);\n    // \u6570\u7ec4\u6307\u9488\n    index = 0;\n    while (front < rear) {\n        // \u961f\u5217\u51fa\u961f\n        node = queue[front++];\n        // \u4fdd\u5b58\u8282\u70b9\u503c\n        arr[index++] = node->val;\n        if (node->left != NULL) {\n            // \u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5165\u961f\n            queue[rear++] = node->left;\n        }\n        if (node->right != NULL) {\n            // \u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5165\u961f\n            queue[rear++] = node->right;\n        }\n    }\n    // \u66f4\u65b0\u6570\u7ec4\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u503c\n    *size = index;\n    arr = realloc(arr, sizeof(int) * (*size));\n\n    // \u91ca\u653e\u8f85\u52a9\u6570\u7ec4\u7a7a\u95f4\n    free(queue);\n    return arr;\n}\n
    binary_tree_bfs.zig
    // \u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nfn levelOrder(comptime T: type, mem_allocator: std.mem.Allocator, root: *inc.TreeNode(T)) !std.ArrayList(T) {\n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u961f\u5217\uff0c\u52a0\u5165\u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    const L = std.TailQueue(*inc.TreeNode(T));\n    var queue = L{};\n    var root_node = try mem_allocator.create(L.Node);\n    root_node.data = root;\n    queue.append(root_node); \n    // \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u4fdd\u5b58\u904d\u5386\u5e8f\u5217\n    var list = std.ArrayList(T).init(std.heap.page_allocator);\n    while (queue.len > 0) {\n        var queue_node = queue.popFirst().?;    // \u961f\u5217\u51fa\u961f\n        var node = queue_node.data;\n        try list.append(node.val);              // \u4fdd\u5b58\u8282\u70b9\u503c\n        if (node.left != null) {\n            var tmp_node = try mem_allocator.create(L.Node);\n            tmp_node.data = node.left.?;\n            queue.append(tmp_node);             // \u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5165\u961f\n        }\n        if (node.right != null) {\n            var tmp_node = try mem_allocator.create(L.Node);\n            tmp_node.data = node.right.?;\n            queue.append(tmp_node);             // \u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u5165\u961f\n        }        \n    }\n    return list;\n}\n
    "},{"location":"chapter_tree/binary_tree_traversal/#2","title":"2. \u00a0 \u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5206\u6790","text":"
    • \u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n)\\) \uff1a\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(n)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d \\(n\\) \u4e3a\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf\u3002
    • \u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n)\\) \uff1a\u5728\u6700\u5dee\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5373\u6ee1\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u65f6\uff0c\u904d\u5386\u5230\u6700\u5e95\u5c42\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u961f\u5217\u4e2d\u6700\u591a\u540c\u65f6\u5b58\u5728 \\((n + 1) / 2\\) \u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5360\u7528 \\(O(n)\\) \u7a7a\u95f4\u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_tree/binary_tree_traversal/#722","title":"7.2.2 \u00a0 \u524d\u5e8f\u3001\u4e2d\u5e8f\u3001\u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386","text":"

    \u76f8\u5e94\u5730\uff0c\u524d\u5e8f\u3001\u4e2d\u5e8f\u548c\u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u90fd\u5c5e\u4e8e\u300c\u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386 depth-first traversal\u300d\uff0c\u4e5f\u79f0\u300c\u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u641c\u7d22 depth-first search, DFS\u300d\uff0c\u5b83\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u5148\u8d70\u5230\u5c3d\u5934\uff0c\u518d\u56de\u6eaf\u7ee7\u7eed\u201d\u7684\u904d\u5386\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002

    \u56fe 7-10 \u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5bf9\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u8fdb\u884c\u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u3002\u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386\u5c31\u50cf\u662f\u7ed5\u7740\u6574\u68f5\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u5916\u56f4\u201c\u8d70\u201d\u4e00\u5708\uff0c\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u4f1a\u9047\u5230\u4e09\u4e2a\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u5bf9\u5e94\u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u3001\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u548c\u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u3002

    \u56fe 7-10 \u00a0 \u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u7684\u524d\u5e8f\u3001\u4e2d\u5e8f\u3001\u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386

    "},{"location":"chapter_tree/binary_tree_traversal/#1_1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0","text":"

    \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u641c\u7d22\u901a\u5e38\u57fa\u4e8e\u9012\u5f52\u5b9e\u73b0\uff1a

    PythonC++JavaC#GoSwiftJSTSDartRustCZig binary_tree_dfs.py
    def pre_order(root: TreeNode | None):\n    \"\"\"\u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\"\"\"\n    if root is None:\n        return\n    # \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u6839\u8282\u70b9 -> \u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -> \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\n    res.append(root.val)\n    pre_order(root=root.left)\n    pre_order(root=root.right)\n\ndef in_order(root: TreeNode | None):\n    \"\"\"\u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\"\"\"\n    if root is None:\n        return\n    # \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -> \u6839\u8282\u70b9 -> \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\n    in_order(root=root.left)\n    res.append(root.val)\n    in_order(root=root.right)\n\ndef post_order(root: TreeNode | None):\n    \"\"\"\u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\"\"\"\n    if root is None:\n        return\n    # \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -> \u53f3\u5b50\u6811 -> \u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    post_order(root=root.left)\n    post_order(root=root.right)\n    res.append(root.val)\n
    binary_tree_dfs.cpp
    /* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nvoid preOrder(TreeNode *root) {\n    if (root == nullptr)\n        return;\n    // \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u6839\u8282\u70b9 -> \u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -> \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\n    vec.push_back(root->val);\n    preOrder(root->left);\n    preOrder(root->right);\n}\n\n/* \u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nvoid inOrder(TreeNode *root) {\n    if (root == nullptr)\n        return;\n    // \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -> \u6839\u8282\u70b9 -> \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\n    inOrder(root->left);\n    vec.push_back(root->val);\n    inOrder(root->right);\n}\n\n/* \u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nvoid postOrder(TreeNode *root) {\n    if (root == nullptr)\n        return;\n    // \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -> \u53f3\u5b50\u6811 -> \u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    postOrder(root->left);\n    postOrder(root->right);\n    vec.push_back(root->val);\n}\n
    binary_tree_dfs.java
    /* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nvoid preOrder(TreeNode root) {\n    if (root == null)\n        return;\n    // \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u6839\u8282\u70b9 -> \u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -> \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\n    list.add(root.val);\n    preOrder(root.left);\n    preOrder(root.right);\n}\n\n/* \u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nvoid inOrder(TreeNode root) {\n    if (root == null)\n        return;\n    // \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -> \u6839\u8282\u70b9 -> \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\n    inOrder(root.left);\n    list.add(root.val);\n    inOrder(root.right);\n}\n\n/* \u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nvoid postOrder(TreeNode root) {\n    if (root == null)\n        return;\n    // \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -> \u53f3\u5b50\u6811 -> \u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    postOrder(root.left);\n    postOrder(root.right);\n    list.add(root.val);\n}\n
    binary_tree_dfs.cs
    /* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nvoid PreOrder(TreeNode? root) {\n    if (root == null) return;\n    // \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u6839\u8282\u70b9 -> \u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -> \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\n    list.Add(root.val!.Value);\n    PreOrder(root.left);\n    PreOrder(root.right);\n}\n\n/* \u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nvoid InOrder(TreeNode? root) {\n    if (root == null) return;\n    // \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -> \u6839\u8282\u70b9 -> \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\n    InOrder(root.left);\n    list.Add(root.val!.Value);\n    InOrder(root.right);\n}\n\n/* \u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nvoid PostOrder(TreeNode? root) {\n    if (root == null) return;\n    // \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -> \u53f3\u5b50\u6811 -> \u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    PostOrder(root.left);\n    PostOrder(root.right);\n    list.Add(root.val!.Value);\n}\n
    binary_tree_dfs.go
    /* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nfunc preOrder(node *TreeNode) {\n    if node == nil {\n        return\n    }\n    // \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u6839\u8282\u70b9 -> \u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -> \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\n    nums = append(nums, node.Val)\n    preOrder(node.Left)\n    preOrder(node.Right)\n}\n\n/* \u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nfunc inOrder(node *TreeNode) {\n    if node == nil {\n        return\n    }\n    // \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -> \u6839\u8282\u70b9 -> \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\n    inOrder(node.Left)\n    nums = append(nums, node.Val)\n    inOrder(node.Right)\n}\n\n/* \u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nfunc postOrder(node *TreeNode) {\n    if node == nil {\n        return\n    }\n    // \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -> \u53f3\u5b50\u6811 -> \u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    postOrder(node.Left)\n    postOrder(node.Right)\n    nums = append(nums, node.Val)\n}\n
    binary_tree_dfs.swift
    /* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nfunc preOrder(root: TreeNode?) {\n    guard let root = root else {\n        return\n    }\n    // \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u6839\u8282\u70b9 -> \u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -> \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\n    list.append(root.val)\n    preOrder(root: root.left)\n    preOrder(root: root.right)\n}\n\n/* \u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nfunc inOrder(root: TreeNode?) {\n    guard let root = root else {\n        return\n    }\n    // \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -> \u6839\u8282\u70b9 -> \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\n    inOrder(root: root.left)\n    list.append(root.val)\n    inOrder(root: root.right)\n}\n\n/* \u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nfunc postOrder(root: TreeNode?) {\n    guard let root = root else {\n        return\n    }\n    // \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -> \u53f3\u5b50\u6811 -> \u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    postOrder(root: root.left)\n    postOrder(root: root.right)\n    list.append(root.val)\n}\n
    binary_tree_dfs.js
    /* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nfunction preOrder(root) {\n    if (root === null) return;\n    // \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u6839\u8282\u70b9 -> \u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -> \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\n    list.push(root.val);\n    preOrder(root.left);\n    preOrder(root.right);\n}\n\n/* \u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nfunction inOrder(root) {\n    if (root === null) return;\n    // \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -> \u6839\u8282\u70b9 -> \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\n    inOrder(root.left);\n    list.push(root.val);\n    inOrder(root.right);\n}\n\n/* \u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nfunction postOrder(root) {\n    if (root === null) return;\n    // \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -> \u53f3\u5b50\u6811 -> \u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    postOrder(root.left);\n    postOrder(root.right);\n    list.push(root.val);\n}\n
    binary_tree_dfs.ts
    /* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nfunction preOrder(root: TreeNode | null): void {\n    if (root === null) {\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u6839\u8282\u70b9 -> \u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -> \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\n    list.push(root.val);\n    preOrder(root.left);\n    preOrder(root.right);\n}\n\n/* \u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nfunction inOrder(root: TreeNode | null): void {\n    if (root === null) {\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -> \u6839\u8282\u70b9 -> \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\n    inOrder(root.left);\n    list.push(root.val);\n    inOrder(root.right);\n}\n\n/* \u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nfunction postOrder(root: TreeNode | null): void {\n    if (root === null) {\n        return;\n    }\n    // \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -> \u53f3\u5b50\u6811 -> \u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    postOrder(root.left);\n    postOrder(root.right);\n    list.push(root.val);\n}\n
    binary_tree_dfs.dart
    /* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nvoid preOrder(TreeNode? node) {\n  if (node == null) return;\n  // \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u6839\u8282\u70b9 -> \u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -> \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\n  list.add(node.val);\n  preOrder(node.left);\n  preOrder(node.right);\n}\n\n/* \u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nvoid inOrder(TreeNode? node) {\n  if (node == null) return;\n  // \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -> \u6839\u8282\u70b9 -> \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\n  inOrder(node.left);\n  list.add(node.val);\n  inOrder(node.right);\n}\n\n/* \u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nvoid postOrder(TreeNode? node) {\n  if (node == null) return;\n  // \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -> \u53f3\u5b50\u6811 -> \u6839\u8282\u70b9\n  postOrder(node.left);\n  postOrder(node.right);\n  list.add(node.val);\n}\n
    binary_tree_dfs.rs
    /* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nfn pre_order(root: Option<&Rc<RefCell<TreeNode>>>) -> Vec<i32> {\n    let mut result = vec![];\n\n    if let Some(node) = root {\n        // \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u6839\u8282\u70b9 -> \u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -> \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\n        result.push(node.borrow().val);\n        result.append(&mut pre_order(node.borrow().left.as_ref()));\n        result.append(&mut pre_order(node.borrow().right.as_ref()));\n    }\n    result\n}\n\n/* \u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nfn in_order(root: Option<&Rc<RefCell<TreeNode>>>) -> Vec<i32> {\n    let mut result = vec![];\n\n    if let Some(node) = root {\n        // \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -> \u6839\u8282\u70b9 -> \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\n        result.append(&mut in_order(node.borrow().left.as_ref()));\n        result.push(node.borrow().val);\n        result.append(&mut in_order(node.borrow().right.as_ref()));\n    }\n    result\n}\n\n/* \u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nfn post_order(root: Option<&Rc<RefCell<TreeNode>>>) -> Vec<i32> {\n    let mut result = vec![];\n\n    if let Some(node) = root {\n        // \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -> \u53f3\u5b50\u6811 -> \u6839\u8282\u70b9\n        result.append(&mut post_order(node.borrow().left.as_ref()));\n        result.append(&mut post_order(node.borrow().right.as_ref()));\n        result.push(node.borrow().val);\n    }\n    result\n}\n
    binary_tree_dfs.c
    /* \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nvoid preOrder(TreeNode *root, int *size) {\n    if (root == NULL)\n        return;\n    // \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u6839\u8282\u70b9 -> \u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -> \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\n    arr[(*size)++] = root->val;\n    preOrder(root->left, size);\n    preOrder(root->right, size);\n}\n\n/* \u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nvoid inOrder(TreeNode *root, int *size) {\n    if (root == NULL)\n        return;\n    // \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -> \u6839\u8282\u70b9 -> \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\n    inOrder(root->left, size);\n    arr[(*size)++] = root->val;\n    inOrder(root->right, size);\n}\n\n/* \u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386 */\nvoid postOrder(TreeNode *root, int *size) {\n    if (root == NULL)\n        return;\n    // \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -> \u53f3\u5b50\u6811 -> \u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    postOrder(root->left, size);\n    postOrder(root->right, size);\n    arr[(*size)++] = root->val;\n}\n
    binary_tree_dfs.zig
    // \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nfn preOrder(comptime T: type, root: ?*inc.TreeNode(T)) !void {\n    if (root == null) return;\n    // \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u6839\u8282\u70b9 -> \u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -> \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\n    try list.append(root.?.val);\n    try preOrder(T, root.?.left);\n    try preOrder(T, root.?.right);\n}\n\n// \u4e2d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nfn inOrder(comptime T: type, root: ?*inc.TreeNode(T)) !void {\n    if (root == null) return;\n    // \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -> \u6839\u8282\u70b9 -> \u53f3\u5b50\u6811\n    try inOrder(T, root.?.left);\n    try list.append(root.?.val);\n    try inOrder(T, root.?.right);\n}\n\n// \u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\nfn postOrder(comptime T: type, root: ?*inc.TreeNode(T)) !void {\n    if (root == null) return;\n    // \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff1a\u5de6\u5b50\u6811 -> \u53f3\u5b50\u6811 -> \u6839\u8282\u70b9\n    try postOrder(T, root.?.left);\n    try postOrder(T, root.?.right);\n    try list.append(root.?.val);\n}\n

    Tip

    \u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u641c\u7d22\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u57fa\u4e8e\u8fed\u4ee3\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u6709\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u8bfb\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u884c\u7814\u7a76\u3002

    \u56fe 7-11 \u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u9012\u5f52\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5176\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u201c\u9012\u201d\u548c\u201c\u5f52\u201d\u4e24\u4e2a\u9006\u5411\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u3002

    1. \u201c\u9012\u201d\u8868\u793a\u5f00\u542f\u65b0\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5728\u6b64\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u8bbf\u95ee\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u3002
    2. \u201c\u5f52\u201d\u8868\u793a\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u5f53\u524d\u8282\u70b9\u5df2\u7ecf\u8bbf\u95ee\u5b8c\u6bd5\u3002
    <1><2><3><4><5><6><7><8><9><10><11>

    \u56fe 7-11 \u00a0 \u524d\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u7684\u9012\u5f52\u8fc7\u7a0b

    "},{"location":"chapter_tree/binary_tree_traversal/#2_1","title":"2. \u00a0 \u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5206\u6790","text":"
    • \u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n)\\) \uff1a\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 \\(O(n)\\) \u65f6\u95f4\u3002
    • \u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3a \\(O(n)\\) \uff1a\u5728\u6700\u5dee\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5373\u6811\u9000\u5316\u4e3a\u94fe\u8868\u65f6\uff0c\u9012\u5f52\u6df1\u5ea6\u8fbe\u5230 \\(n\\) \uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5360\u7528 \\(O(n)\\) \u6808\u5e27\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_tree/summary/","title":"7.6 \u00a0 \u5c0f\u7ed3","text":""},{"location":"chapter_tree/summary/#1","title":"1. \u00a0 \u91cd\u70b9\u56de\u987e","text":"
    • \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4f53\u73b0\u201c\u4e00\u5206\u4e3a\u4e8c\u201d\u7684\u5206\u6cbb\u903b\u8f91\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u8282\u70b9\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2a\u503c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e24\u4e2a\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u5176\u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u548c\u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u3002
    • \u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u4e2d\u7684\u67d0\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5176\u5de6\uff08\u53f3\uff09\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u53ca\u5176\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u6811\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5de6\uff08\u53f3\uff09\u5b50\u6811\u3002
    • \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u672f\u8bed\u5305\u62ec\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u3001\u53f6\u8282\u70b9\u3001\u5c42\u3001\u5ea6\u3001\u8fb9\u3001\u9ad8\u5ea6\u548c\u6df1\u5ea6\u7b49\u3002
    • \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u3001\u8282\u70b9\u63d2\u5165\u548c\u8282\u70b9\u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e0e\u94fe\u8868\u64cd\u4f5c\u65b9\u6cd5\u7c7b\u4f3c\u3002
    • \u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7c7b\u578b\u6709\u5b8c\u7f8e\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u3001\u5b8c\u5168\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u3001\u5b8c\u6ee1\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u548c\u5e73\u8861\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u3002\u5b8c\u7f8e\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u662f\u6700\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u800c\u94fe\u8868\u662f\u9000\u5316\u540e\u7684\u6700\u5dee\u72b6\u6001\u3002
    • \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u5c06\u8282\u70b9\u503c\u548c\u7a7a\u4f4d\u6309\u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u987a\u5e8f\u6392\u5217\uff0c\u5e76\u6839\u636e\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u4e0e\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u6620\u5c04\u5173\u7cfb\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u6307\u9488\u3002
    • \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u7684\u5c42\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u641c\u7d22\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b83\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u201c\u4e00\u5708\u4e00\u5708\u5411\u5916\u6269\u5c55\u201d\u7684\u9010\u5c42\u904d\u5386\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u901a\u8fc7\u961f\u5217\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002
    • \u524d\u5e8f\u3001\u4e2d\u5e8f\u3001\u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u7686\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u641c\u7d22\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u201c\u5148\u8d70\u5230\u5c3d\u5934\uff0c\u518d\u56de\u6eaf\u7ee7\u7eed\u201d\u7684\u904d\u5386\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u9012\u5f52\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002
    • \u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u67e5\u627e\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5176\u67e5\u627e\u3001\u63d2\u5165\u548c\u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5747\u4e3a \\(O(\\log n)\\) \u3002\u5f53\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u9000\u5316\u4e3a\u94fe\u8868\u65f6\uff0c\u5404\u9879\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4f1a\u52a3\u5316\u81f3 \\(O(n)\\) \u3002
    • AVL \u6811\uff0c\u4e5f\u79f0\u5e73\u8861\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\uff0c\u5b83\u901a\u8fc7\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\u786e\u4fdd\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u63d2\u5165\u548c\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u540e\u6811\u4ecd\u7136\u4fdd\u6301\u5e73\u8861\u3002
    • AVL \u6811\u7684\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\u5305\u62ec\u53f3\u65cb\u3001\u5de6\u65cb\u3001\u5148\u53f3\u65cb\u518d\u5de6\u65cb\u3001\u5148\u5de6\u65cb\u518d\u53f3\u65cb\u3002\u5728\u63d2\u5165\u6216\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u540e\uff0cAVL \u6811\u4f1a\u4ece\u5e95\u5411\u9876\u6267\u884c\u65cb\u8f6c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u6811\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u5e73\u8861\u3002
    "},{"location":"chapter_tree/summary/#2-q-a","title":"2. \u00a0 Q & A","text":"

    \u5bf9\u4e8e\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff0c\u6811\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u548c\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6df1\u5ea6\u90fd\u662f \\(0\\) \u5417\uff1f

    \u662f\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u9ad8\u5ea6\u548c\u6df1\u5ea6\u901a\u5e38\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u201c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u7684\u8fb9\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u201d\u3002

    \u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u4e2d\u7684\u63d2\u5165\u4e0e\u5220\u9664\u4e00\u822c\u7531\u4e00\u5957\u64cd\u4f5c\u914d\u5408\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u201c\u4e00\u5957\u64cd\u4f5c\u201d\u6307\u4ec0\u4e48\u5462\uff1f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u91ca\u653e\u5417\uff1f

    \u62ff\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u6765\u4e3e\u4f8b\uff0c\u5220\u9664\u8282\u70b9\u64cd\u4f5c\u8981\u5206\u4e09\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6bcf\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u591a\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002

    \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48 DFS \u904d\u5386\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u6709\u524d\u3001\u4e2d\u3001\u540e\u4e09\u79cd\u987a\u5e8f\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u7528\u5462\uff1f

    \u4e0e\u987a\u5e8f\u548c\u9006\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u6570\u7ec4\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u524d\u5e8f\u3001\u4e2d\u5e8f\u3001\u540e\u5e8f\u904d\u5386\u662f\u4e09\u79cd\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u904d\u5386\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\u4eec\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u987a\u5e8f\u7684\u904d\u5386\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u4e2d\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u8282\u70b9\u5927\u5c0f\u6ee1\u8db3 \u5de6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u503c < \u6839\u8282\u70b9\u503c < \u53f3\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u503c \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u8981\u6309\u7167 \u5de6 $\\rightarrow$ \u6839 $\\rightarrow$ \u53f3 \u7684\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u904d\u5386\u6811\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u6709\u5e8f\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u5e8f\u5217\u3002

    \u53f3\u65cb\u64cd\u4f5c\u662f\u5904\u7406\u5931\u8861\u8282\u70b9 node\u3001child\u3001grand_child \u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u90a3 node \u7684\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u548c node \u539f\u6765\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7ef4\u62a4\u5417\uff1f\u53f3\u65cb\u64cd\u4f5c\u540e\u5c82\u4e0d\u662f\u65ad\u6389\u4e86\uff1f

    \u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u4ece\u9012\u5f52\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u6765\u770b\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u53f3\u65cb\u64cd\u4f5c right_rotate(root) \u4f20\u5165\u7684\u662f\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8 return child \u8fd4\u56de\u65cb\u8f6c\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u3002\u5b50\u6811\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u548c\u5176\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u662f\u5728\u8be5\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u540e\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u53f3\u65cb\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u7ef4\u62a4\u8303\u56f4\u3002

    \u5728 C++ \u4e2d\uff0c\u51fd\u6570\u88ab\u5212\u5206\u5230 private \u548c public \u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u8003\u91cf\u5417\uff1f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u5c06 height() \u51fd\u6570\u548c updateHeight() \u51fd\u6570\u5206\u522b\u653e\u5728 public \u548c private \u4e2d\u5462\uff1f

    \u4e3b\u8981\u770b\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ea\u5728\u7c7b\u5185\u90e8\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e3a private \u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u5355\u72ec\u8c03\u7528 updateHeight() \u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u53ea\u662f\u63d2\u5165\u3001\u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u6b65\u3002\u800c height() \u662f\u8bbf\u95ee\u8282\u70b9\u9ad8\u5ea6\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e vector.size() \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6210 public \u4ee5\u4fbf\u4f7f\u7528\u3002

    \u5982\u4f55\u4ece\u4e00\u7ec4\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u6784\u5efa\u4e00\u68f5\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\uff1f\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\uff1f

    \u662f\u7684\uff0c\u6784\u5efa\u6811\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5df2\u5728\u4e8c\u53c9\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u7684 build_tree() \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\u7ed9\u51fa\u3002\u81f3\u4e8e\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u5c06\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c06\u4e2d\u70b9\u5143\u7d20\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6839\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u518d\u9012\u5f52\u5730\u6784\u5efa\u5de6\u53f3\u5b50\u6811\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u53ef\u4ee5\u6700\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6811\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u6027\u3002

    \u5728 Java \u4e2d\uff0c\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5bf9\u6bd4\u662f\u5426\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u7528 equals() \u65b9\u6cd5\uff1f

    \u5728 Java \u4e2d\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u57fa\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c== \u7528\u4e8e\u5bf9\u6bd4\u4e24\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u662f\u5426\u76f8\u7b49\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5f15\u7528\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u4e24\u79cd\u7b26\u53f7\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u3002

    • == \uff1a\u7528\u6765\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e24\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u5426\u6307\u5411\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5373\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u662f\u5426\u76f8\u540c\u3002
    • equals()\uff1a\u7528\u6765\u5bf9\u6bd4\u4e24\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u503c\u662f\u5426\u76f8\u7b49\u3002

    \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8981\u5bf9\u6bd4\u503c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u4f7f\u7528 equals() \u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7 String a = \"hi\"; String b = \"hi\"; \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u90fd\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5e38\u91cf\u6c60\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u6307\u5411\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528 a == b \u6765\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002

    \u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u904d\u5386\u5230\u6700\u5e95\u5c42\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u961f\u5217\u4e2d\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf\u662f \\(2^h\\) \u5417\uff1f

    \u662f\u7684\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u9ad8\u5ea6 \\(h = 2\\) \u7684\u6ee1\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff0c\u5176\u8282\u70b9\u603b\u6570 \\(n = 7\\) \uff0c\u5219\u5e95\u5c42\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf \\(4 = 2^h = (n + 1) / 2\\) \u3002

    "}]} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sitemap.xml b/sitemap.xml index be9110633..d60927237 100644 --- a/sitemap.xml +++ b/sitemap.xml @@ -2,522 +2,522 @@ https://www.hello-algo.com/ - 2024-01-02 + 2024-01-03 daily https://www.hello-algo.com/chapter_appendix/ - 2024-01-02 + 2024-01-03 daily https://www.hello-algo.com/chapter_appendix/contribution/ - 2024-01-02 + 2024-01-03 daily https://www.hello-algo.com/chapter_appendix/installation/ - 2024-01-02 + 2024-01-03 daily https://www.hello-algo.com/chapter_appendix/terminology/ - 2024-01-02 + 2024-01-03 daily https://www.hello-algo.com/chapter_array_and_linkedlist/ - 2024-01-02 + 2024-01-03 daily https://www.hello-algo.com/chapter_array_and_linkedlist/array/ - 2024-01-02 + 2024-01-03 daily https://www.hello-algo.com/chapter_array_and_linkedlist/linked_list/ - 2024-01-02 + 2024-01-03 daily https://www.hello-algo.com/chapter_array_and_linkedlist/list/ - 2024-01-02 + 2024-01-03 daily https://www.hello-algo.com/chapter_array_and_linkedlist/ram_and_cache/ - 2024-01-02 + 2024-01-03 daily https://www.hello-algo.com/chapter_array_and_linkedlist/summary/ - 2024-01-02 + 2024-01-03 daily https://www.hello-algo.com/chapter_backtracking/ - 2024-01-02 + 2024-01-03 daily https://www.hello-algo.com/chapter_backtracking/backtracking_algorithm/ - 2024-01-02 + 2024-01-03 daily https://www.hello-algo.com/chapter_backtracking/n_queens_problem/ - 2024-01-02 + 2024-01-03 daily https://www.hello-algo.com/chapter_backtracking/permutations_problem/ - 2024-01-02 + 2024-01-03 daily https://www.hello-algo.com/chapter_backtracking/subset_sum_problem/ - 2024-01-02 + 2024-01-03 daily https://www.hello-algo.com/chapter_backtracking/summary/ - 2024-01-02 + 2024-01-03 daily https://www.hello-algo.com/chapter_computational_complexity/ - 2024-01-02 + 2024-01-03 daily https://www.hello-algo.com/chapter_computational_complexity/iteration_and_recursion/ - 2024-01-02 + 2024-01-03 daily https://www.hello-algo.com/chapter_computational_complexity/performance_evaluation/ - 2024-01-02 + 2024-01-03 daily https://www.hello-algo.com/chapter_computational_complexity/space_complexity/ - 2024-01-02 + 2024-01-03 daily https://www.hello-algo.com/chapter_computational_complexity/summary/ - 2024-01-02 + 2024-01-03 daily https://www.hello-algo.com/chapter_computational_complexity/time_complexity/ - 2024-01-02 + 2024-01-03 daily https://www.hello-algo.com/chapter_data_structure/ - 2024-01-02 + 2024-01-03 daily https://www.hello-algo.com/chapter_data_structure/basic_data_types/ - 2024-01-02 + 2024-01-03 daily https://www.hello-algo.com/chapter_data_structure/character_encoding/ - 2024-01-02 + 2024-01-03 daily https://www.hello-algo.com/chapter_data_structure/classification_of_data_structure/ - 2024-01-02 + 2024-01-03 daily https://www.hello-algo.com/chapter_data_structure/number_encoding/ - 2024-01-02 + 2024-01-03 daily https://www.hello-algo.com/chapter_data_structure/summary/ - 2024-01-02 + 2024-01-03 daily https://www.hello-algo.com/chapter_divide_and_conquer/ - 2024-01-02 + 2024-01-03 daily https://www.hello-algo.com/chapter_divide_and_conquer/binary_search_recur/ - 2024-01-02 + 2024-01-03 daily https://www.hello-algo.com/chapter_divide_and_conquer/build_binary_tree_problem/ - 2024-01-02 + 2024-01-03 daily https://www.hello-algo.com/chapter_divide_and_conquer/divide_and_conquer/ - 2024-01-02 + 2024-01-03 daily https://www.hello-algo.com/chapter_divide_and_conquer/hanota_problem/ - 2024-01-02 + 2024-01-03 daily https://www.hello-algo.com/chapter_divide_and_conquer/summary/ - 2024-01-02 + 2024-01-03 daily https://www.hello-algo.com/chapter_dynamic_programming/ - 2024-01-02 + 2024-01-03 daily https://www.hello-algo.com/chapter_dynamic_programming/dp_problem_features/ - 2024-01-02 + 2024-01-03 daily https://www.hello-algo.com/chapter_dynamic_programming/dp_solution_pipeline/ - 2024-01-02 + 2024-01-03 daily https://www.hello-algo.com/chapter_dynamic_programming/edit_distance_problem/ - 2024-01-02 + 2024-01-03 daily https://www.hello-algo.com/chapter_dynamic_programming/intro_to_dynamic_programming/ - 2024-01-02 + 2024-01-03 daily https://www.hello-algo.com/chapter_dynamic_programming/knapsack_problem/ - 2024-01-02 + 2024-01-03 daily https://www.hello-algo.com/chapter_dynamic_programming/summary/ - 2024-01-02 + 2024-01-03 daily https://www.hello-algo.com/chapter_dynamic_programming/unbounded_knapsack_problem/ - 2024-01-02 + 2024-01-03 daily https://www.hello-algo.com/chapter_graph/ - 2024-01-02 + 2024-01-03 daily https://www.hello-algo.com/chapter_graph/graph/ - 2024-01-02 + 2024-01-03 daily https://www.hello-algo.com/chapter_graph/graph_operations/ - 2024-01-02 + 2024-01-03 daily https://www.hello-algo.com/chapter_graph/graph_traversal/ - 2024-01-02 + 2024-01-03 daily https://www.hello-algo.com/chapter_graph/summary/ - 2024-01-02 + 2024-01-03 daily https://www.hello-algo.com/chapter_greedy/ - 2024-01-02 + 2024-01-03 daily https://www.hello-algo.com/chapter_greedy/fractional_knapsack_problem/ - 2024-01-02 + 2024-01-03 daily https://www.hello-algo.com/chapter_greedy/greedy_algorithm/ - 2024-01-02 + 2024-01-03 daily https://www.hello-algo.com/chapter_greedy/max_capacity_problem/ - 2024-01-02 + 2024-01-03 daily https://www.hello-algo.com/chapter_greedy/max_product_cutting_problem/ - 2024-01-02 + 2024-01-03 daily https://www.hello-algo.com/chapter_greedy/summary/ - 2024-01-02 + 2024-01-03 daily https://www.hello-algo.com/chapter_hashing/ - 2024-01-02 + 2024-01-03 daily https://www.hello-algo.com/chapter_hashing/hash_algorithm/ - 2024-01-02 + 2024-01-03 daily https://www.hello-algo.com/chapter_hashing/hash_collision/ - 2024-01-02 + 2024-01-03 daily https://www.hello-algo.com/chapter_hashing/hash_map/ - 2024-01-02 + 2024-01-03 daily https://www.hello-algo.com/chapter_hashing/summary/ - 2024-01-02 + 2024-01-03 daily https://www.hello-algo.com/chapter_heap/ - 2024-01-02 + 2024-01-03 daily https://www.hello-algo.com/chapter_heap/build_heap/ - 2024-01-02 + 2024-01-03 daily https://www.hello-algo.com/chapter_heap/heap/ - 2024-01-02 + 2024-01-03 daily https://www.hello-algo.com/chapter_heap/summary/ - 2024-01-02 + 2024-01-03 daily https://www.hello-algo.com/chapter_heap/top_k/ - 2024-01-02 + 2024-01-03 daily https://www.hello-algo.com/chapter_introduction/ - 2024-01-02 + 2024-01-03 daily https://www.hello-algo.com/chapter_introduction/algorithms_are_everywhere/ - 2024-01-02 + 2024-01-03 daily https://www.hello-algo.com/chapter_introduction/summary/ - 2024-01-02 + 2024-01-03 daily https://www.hello-algo.com/chapter_introduction/what_is_dsa/ - 2024-01-02 + 2024-01-03 daily https://www.hello-algo.com/chapter_preface/ - 2024-01-02 + 2024-01-03 daily https://www.hello-algo.com/chapter_preface/about_the_book/ - 2024-01-02 + 2024-01-03 daily https://www.hello-algo.com/chapter_preface/suggestions/ - 2024-01-02 + 2024-01-03 daily https://www.hello-algo.com/chapter_preface/summary/ - 2024-01-02 + 2024-01-03 daily https://www.hello-algo.com/chapter_reference/ - 2024-01-02 + 2024-01-03 daily https://www.hello-algo.com/chapter_searching/ - 2024-01-02 + 2024-01-03 daily https://www.hello-algo.com/chapter_searching/binary_search/ - 2024-01-02 + 2024-01-03 daily https://www.hello-algo.com/chapter_searching/binary_search_edge/ - 2024-01-02 + 2024-01-03 daily https://www.hello-algo.com/chapter_searching/binary_search_insertion/ - 2024-01-02 + 2024-01-03 daily https://www.hello-algo.com/chapter_searching/replace_linear_by_hashing/ - 2024-01-02 + 2024-01-03 daily https://www.hello-algo.com/chapter_searching/searching_algorithm_revisited/ - 2024-01-02 + 2024-01-03 daily https://www.hello-algo.com/chapter_searching/summary/ - 2024-01-02 + 2024-01-03 daily https://www.hello-algo.com/chapter_sorting/ - 2024-01-02 + 2024-01-03 daily https://www.hello-algo.com/chapter_sorting/bubble_sort/ - 2024-01-02 + 2024-01-03 daily https://www.hello-algo.com/chapter_sorting/bucket_sort/ - 2024-01-02 + 2024-01-03 daily https://www.hello-algo.com/chapter_sorting/counting_sort/ - 2024-01-02 + 2024-01-03 daily https://www.hello-algo.com/chapter_sorting/heap_sort/ - 2024-01-02 + 2024-01-03 daily https://www.hello-algo.com/chapter_sorting/insertion_sort/ - 2024-01-02 + 2024-01-03 daily https://www.hello-algo.com/chapter_sorting/merge_sort/ - 2024-01-02 + 2024-01-03 daily https://www.hello-algo.com/chapter_sorting/quick_sort/ - 2024-01-02 + 2024-01-03 daily https://www.hello-algo.com/chapter_sorting/radix_sort/ - 2024-01-02 + 2024-01-03 daily https://www.hello-algo.com/chapter_sorting/selection_sort/ - 2024-01-02 + 2024-01-03 daily https://www.hello-algo.com/chapter_sorting/sorting_algorithm/ - 2024-01-02 + 2024-01-03 daily https://www.hello-algo.com/chapter_sorting/summary/ - 2024-01-02 + 2024-01-03 daily https://www.hello-algo.com/chapter_stack_and_queue/ - 2024-01-02 + 2024-01-03 daily https://www.hello-algo.com/chapter_stack_and_queue/deque/ - 2024-01-02 + 2024-01-03 daily https://www.hello-algo.com/chapter_stack_and_queue/queue/ - 2024-01-02 + 2024-01-03 daily https://www.hello-algo.com/chapter_stack_and_queue/stack/ - 2024-01-02 + 2024-01-03 daily https://www.hello-algo.com/chapter_stack_and_queue/summary/ - 2024-01-02 + 2024-01-03 daily https://www.hello-algo.com/chapter_tree/ - 2024-01-02 + 2024-01-03 daily https://www.hello-algo.com/chapter_tree/array_representation_of_tree/ - 2024-01-02 + 2024-01-03 daily https://www.hello-algo.com/chapter_tree/avl_tree/ - 2024-01-02 + 2024-01-03 daily https://www.hello-algo.com/chapter_tree/binary_search_tree/ - 2024-01-02 + 2024-01-03 daily https://www.hello-algo.com/chapter_tree/binary_tree/ - 2024-01-02 + 2024-01-03 daily https://www.hello-algo.com/chapter_tree/binary_tree_traversal/ - 2024-01-02 + 2024-01-03 daily https://www.hello-algo.com/chapter_tree/summary/ - 2024-01-02 + 2024-01-03 daily \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sitemap.xml.gz b/sitemap.xml.gz index 74294689c4282e2fcf1450e02671b48f19c31286..3fcb15f42fa90012df2680ebfbbeaa52b5c9dc4f 100644 GIT binary patch delta 938 zcmV;b16BOy2j>R|ABzYG5HFRH2Oe78%^^v7yth0-_Dr>)Em1~*`S8cv2PBO>u9_Tj zN%3DFEP*Nc*U;T`1KRz#j^^deA!=veR$tfK)eBqcl(zlb>gV5oz5c%XvH!Bm!9-3k zrLm1~t05)-=aGLG1b?jdUy+(0e{4@NjZW>qZNL5Yy8ZgP{a%_Zbsw6^fo#u*z^A<; zZEm~Ghng8=b0_(aOyx;FaS-G^TcxiUkkZ){beB^ZUkqYxV~C z=qAW2VYEH6GCC$a;HeT1d%hKzeU3>TXq>7fm3avdKjv|y(6*{~B#$YSf3FfR;DCNC zh}tyhG>ka>R-7`kjlu`l83rQvWva|+n%e>CW9~{6EQ(jFq^M92kdMZ+&s~5CECq2T9fTBbqrjTXI zfss%E<~iv6t#He|6O#-q)j`=nF>F2QB9bz#V|K$mX#F9R>s+sq|SZo)cAP zOJE<+a64^FCyU4w*+X^-p+}f7cLkV5-hOBFYe*nYLzx*Pe~G3?~FDor)pEG^K_Re^&d66xycXL~_4` zZ5%E6Nb(3f8mLY*+sg&o~a8;H`$edE$Lj}S|@EZfgq4mJ?ov~g) z4DSh9I%9P6`*BamfAvTu0xX1yaqFE~0q12&3|0(E7~M?Hi(}K6)0#;Q16p^YPoVdy zDhdkqECYwzW#GoQdHfxW563G3z^1<~Cg zviAr7{qB*(7pHR8^&LKiA_IV23A_lO!G@sffDj%?HYWfKtkvjHJ}UZQ|vhJyt;g*IXTZ=P(rL{9sE M02}JPx# delta 937 zcmV;a16KU!2j&L{ABzYG7r2v=2Oe6T+C!4^cyD=v?3rpoTcV5r^Wl%T4@eq&Ts1l5 zlHwm9EP*Nc*U;T`1KRz(j^^deA!=veSKrs$)eBqcl(zl*>epX?zW%oQx&OAy!9-3k zrLm3gt05)-$B};*1i!EL-;tUhe{N4PjZW>~wr@XPx8Gm4Z>7mn_os+mDHcand}RG#D$2SMJmRr-nnDVdCPOmU+suFoh|GdvIYSD_QWFOm06u|3_J(ry>QqdO;g>(j&|WC`u$^3R$Kc z7zwqbsO4OlZk{6&d#Nr{e^>qCV?7FrzF~lEF9gBYrt%-I7%^!7LwKBteVFxD%G z;XNTsXN+!sKkf;+e;%nsfQ2wIZoM-r;Jhq}!HPi%qnpWjacmlMS~IC(K;0hI{XBD87K)Ig^JWPv=4kB$qE1X<$!XsUg@%()=goEYf6ek zd!IvakVg(Zkj0&{mPZ`iKuTY6a3dR*So*tML3RS})Chq?s++O(jNvJBW++z0Cop2X zKAy^0!~j-TGtYpx4>-R!UQ*D&k!`xaYyv`mHXx+WOB7JdaIhe!&?fBv%#%%*$Z7vK L;k`%3u}J^`^q|Hq

    rDrZ+d2Rpk6@@h>~#S8f(ZlT%aMsstutH7!j|(lWRR{g~mqkD&E9t+x|^ zaN2ssZ@8}&U-frXnj~)8OHs5tozL@<8c6dViO8RqsmG7N$x|Wr;YmLUQC|a6zWyKt z5i|=!Nurkw8ee-*kX}on@Q@sn<1cFP<_P}LCC(_lX1da&T&pM>nABO_M=y>!4k`2M zl&UaxJZ`@ck*Xy9FUQJsL?d+MX^e|(bw7`6c!L4mfcvo=Yl$E42S^e1#jL5ue;`{IvVM zkRVLFrTfV;N)Y_njm;q^BIYqA(jQ_a#R0xtK%(;7pRN~i{IDE|J4(#*ro(7+Qz8mH zb~MPA!RVSWQW6S=zf5epLO5*Z!1%bfF^*HflLdHGR6GP~SjvW9Rurdmk+a{jtyI$2 zWuM^*bbHZ16?n4Sp;iCu;CSw*T#?6*#RD-khwc*;n)=g6Kv7`cMA+^66-4x)?%i+3 z#t}pk>v0)2MJFODFmH%V3~H6GRc=Q26{y1Pt;9Fp|8Z%cefVZCfM|>ZRyblA z;Det!W=IHM1K!5!0TFaLx8jZF1jwQ^^gL_-vIg+r-EQyvpWFh9d#0n>Fj{Y1fVR<> z=wyMDI)kGjAG>^sx9N9IKU1@RDVQ3As$=#hvlY~GKWI_MfCO9b@nHQAP%^I3R@q;( z%>06aAp4W>@bKzOKRJt2t4CCX%jzq1QSk~B;6abm>KALko!Ty@I1FNil?S?smS%g- zQ&E(U!CG5=r)_YvMnb`kcAiwr?k^pq`^$Ahhlv+Oi>(@;?`PJi@DVJdE+2SgP?C=Y z%tB)tLLnN&X58dTwaU*UpMtqeF0c{_}@N=8ChwY@{27SR09ok^h!9e6?u0D;mv6Pj51T0e;_Z& zG+t^=V|dG9cB2>Y_~sRg4RRR{!*NsOlKxT=3ceI=Aih}zZG(sI*u|O&BW*#Em(+XA zXoy?yTHEU0QQU;_Vl)T3Mz#og0W-rwmp(TMwmP1_5s|?@+!r;#=M7f`-Mpy= zZPV-+%U3T!zoZ4n7$nDos=u2wS>*Dg*Iqgez5?wMaU!SG|DhVPc+fM%cbnmOWt0}@ z(!4k1G7M!$5X!t)BfI=)NY_AOOe-{kC0(DJ9sMs>4sZ8!vOVA~rwl}?U7hXisW|FG z|9rFh_B!X!?UtGkD}yf&QOn+LikR^~qU8m1!$4BKBH9MLV}fKk_kc#Gyc<_VWx)3% z8?wF~B6-Ecfa-KHdOL6oD7n*M#gdG9rV5=LaC**7?cY3G{lo$j{V@coyRYh}1>i9) zVDw;n*WFt4i$pWMR=#$NH*6Nt#~+;t)*FvwnCQwPl6ETq26l8{tYx=e(I;E)Zx1sp zou1*j?sEZ|2n>g~JtJ?PhV%4AePaoJw z-!VSnLUXXymW-E8MlB zTG0PpP_tobu`QpRDE}-g#!8-nMA~a}8(a|e<@6Nv%Q2Se9dB2Si8fwl83tdVP8x;` zx0V4O(1Ar)e-8+KO-M8Oxcfdn*y14zef+BzF{o%R-ThW#G|8Aisw-iL9A_z6M+e^N zY^F9inT}<1)lN`ppu>kV zHIJtN(&lA}qc)8WRQIB*3cmNanNiQseneENeywL@qp zPIXY=I{lRMq0{2OBP1B67FDe5`yDZUfG|Y;*r}l12wQ!cDa%rjCtnm2J1lbm;B8mj zK^+@r2;P`13ljieL`)`tuHStr6mKj8QV!~!+#X-@|_CF6ms_`A+7xX=jlI3 z$?&dKuJ=?xaA<%H;QHk7fhDRCf}wJ+DC+UUGU3OSpjYC3Rv6T(u>V`Cd`a(VeE%^k zrt9{PbwPqWIYQd2ND?$aB2Sa0!5DsgKf&my;_yNE*g}8*fnS15b*RTkoHG16+(Jjm zEfdlLYSN&hTuB?sXq$+Kq zeQA2kd8GH!=QGxLpN$W)Jx|>BM{xb9!n3So{Sl>l!vt0MSy8taZ0G(aidO z$7@&miP&c<2+4HVEOFZ-$H>VCn1f$lxLFrGp!?J2$+<9%|F3)k$+|;xEA-+2Dk)&_ X8^GC#aHV*~|9&dIRFy52M*9CBT7(yG diff --git a/chapter_hashing/hash_collision/index.html b/chapter_hashing/hash_collision/index.html index 9991db1f9..47bb588ca 100644 --- a/chapter_hashing/hash_collision/index.html +++ b/chapter_hashing/hash_collision/index.html @@ -6305,7 +6305,7 @@ // 若找到键值对，则覆盖 val 并返回 if (hashMap->buckets[index] != NULL && hashMap->buckets[index] != hashMap->TOMBSTONE) { free(hashMap->buckets[index]->val); - hashMap->buckets[index]->val = (char *)malloc(sizeof(strlen(val + 1))); + hashMap->buckets[index]->val = (char *)malloc(sizeof(strlen(val) + 1)); strcpy(hashMap->buckets[index]->val, val); hashMap->buckets[index]->val[strlen(val)] = '\0'; return; @@ -6313,7 +6313,7 @@ // 若键值对不存在，则添加该键值对 Pair *pair = (Pair *)malloc(sizeof(Pair)); pair->key = key; - pair->val = (char *)malloc(sizeof(strlen(val + 1))); + pair->val = (char *)malloc(sizeof(strlen(val) + 1)); strcpy(pair->val, val); pair->val[strlen(val)] = '\0'; diff --git a/chapter_preface/about_the_book.assets/hello_algo_mindmap.jpg b/chapter_preface/about_the_book.assets/hello_algo_mindmap.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 9b0727f47f1daa45f38f01c67c23fbcb42d87f71..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 GIT binary patch literal 0 HcmV?d00001 literal 164629 zcmeFZXH=WXvM4GWXX5}SnP`K_IcFH#1d~lRc?bf70D;Ka0UMJIBF8aFfIu=igNY(z z5F&{TA_zndB41|q>~r=xZ}wehzkBa`>#ci=Ki#G3s_Odc>#FXqkBhO3IRK5Kx4kU@ zprXPBxCQukxL5~}DR@|ed;nJf*DleF0Kml@iQrpzcNZyserGp6OB=8ikk1j-_ja+g1_9llSOM+qon@If>zbIK*xSf58;WWOXt=xtzO{el3jyl-YU)}0 zf~+NNnC0c3$aqV6JGnRk-7TMZJ2^VLNqNgM|G`}9vi&=npZUojB<>(t=I6gleey=* z^^=!i2=Iv{pCGTbfPml=aY;T)2^$e{QDG5Do+m;ALc;t4!u&$Qyn@0~0-{nPqEG$= z=1YMP8(S$I1*Jd5UG`*||D2bXmlvOxFdrCV$1f-;DakJjYodr86T=Hu*c>CNlx z#`1R#3P3k&h`o!uJ=pol?;I_yz#i_h%$LgkZ5B>0|Hk$&&Giq28XEs|QYWY1ZSV(M zH+LQ2zw7&#jNSBnT!8#KKsT@l#2R=>&hq${@swT--6x2Zg0UZ zPlQDH#GY_ySX$dV|Bm7OV~B=^l!~*PyQQ-=P(?wO`H~5ry}gapOC=!*1rc!tF%dBd zK|w`DiRTiEioz1lpT7_n6us>JeXIi5+QSLx?Ed$$Hvc|W@t=B%3nma_lny1e+O{Qewk^Urm8`A^64Un;}@`?LLrXZ?57r33xm{5R*l?EIVi z1D!8@9&+j27aM^4f4D5b=EvnrbmamI2nIa7d-pEs-G`*452+vAdq7P`@$ex99TWBM zz{E&RdkNHxj4Z6|tSpTD{KCTg{J;E1xI*^e0ofxmN^){a3bM;TS_&#E3R*T=T6$Vq zHUSpKOJEV;=3{4P=i?R?6%Y^={pA<=e`Im-13-4`#xFO1A-Tc~xJq_~gzU;i8{o&~ zn|_t#%9Vd#0{~a9lU%!T_2!ko!9V_RmE_v>hk&bBuaI21ehD{8u3o+R2yo>RO-6qG zso-<%M>i~8nT06c$Gp%H{#F8Ep==(siq(BaHJ7FL;pJATo9K`=RD`u9dwc$)jY4po zKAV`50okPjR{__q-Xgh4LPB!=Qj;rJ$w)4_k!xSGbbTMgETr@3g%!oO=0Qj-i*U&Y z-L1Ko+gUB8)^5+PQ(jB}NJ%akkdcr94wi zb$|%E?%R@pZ2lESr)l}`nPM|cW4>dWKV^I>iRaBr*oBh^eo8<7v3KLYdw<&Hzb)~1 z5BYCP{I?|@`2Anz1%F#3TV$~HL6%T^I>7ew)O_Q@q!9D58mxS0);kV>)etSjhl;FK z>NhaGA=26BRhUIQpw_aH@+>nalU)>FVx7tY&5UYayP4m1@b%T+SF&$X~ruw8SF^pdn-T}ToAqTvBb@j@VTi4$GU)y{JkSQA^CDj$=ACBJU zp9Us}2Id5X25t$N9m6NpU)Aj!R_{L)Vt%FY?%9W50RKORhbn+uHeY|BSniy?x&V-$ zE!oo;;+2VsnX%p^Ce;Sy()(BOBy z+^I;t&z6~79F+VeT%os02zl(w9@u460;=RTIBN%<=l>`SbB?gHs*#H^v#zRmRni}2 zT9WsDnRfG3C}o75E*Y3SY04@^*Ar2siBIVMMzQB?O!LJV7!ZxG=idBu2X3_<8wQCA zH}ZUp!}H0}2Ygp7B(Y<@KA;x01*paKlw~r%hUAQmFQk$Axd|^O(h+~q(8_= zJa>y)WVx9NZsRe3;*$Hn>1O3_(LhgSln5JWSefv%#4 zh7!zl@1UnV$rOQK7F^G;F`oE-Vh&$eMZOSdc#Z;Ex2&4b=E|Sdh}O^>urm7ZKEr!h zHQ20U)=Uk}kjQy)b0x}2kyZCm`f3SPp)i$o$m(cYwR&AS+8BWvQ;EtPL=p`*gdW=? zQ&XcqYGuaoe#a=vgVq(nr-_u7=y(nhWW`W+A;zAVyg8gSY-6b;DXx_AR8+FYeF|o! z%%CZEZ|v*qxZD_N2A6`hG7aB8zZffW;NC5}xv_&$cXoD+qR6-*zrl8xr(q>wKX0+V zvi#?7bK6|V_?E`%Tsppr=Ln+W+lT|h?(y!Oc(v{sptNnBX!w!)XnplZZsj#ng}r0H zMlE67DO1u+_Yy}(GfWti($FC~(rCNnvPpFqw_RW0)1+0UCF;3`MTUH@SYEIdl0g=mEs6Jkwu}V<%1x01H!#BhPYNF&NgQ{wU;;eEd)^^tB zA@m_=pNFkTHu6vL9gtFeNh~|k2#hu#LWOm8_y;=fuRV*z<1_AixU0AQEjk(IIVQ)Ny?#^yJ%N` zbsvoSS;pu@h2#U17ZvHj2gP=eIo*$H5!0=&mw66->x4Q7>D4u=j3*B?V8tq)Fal4t zxf^@Dv&Ad?H;4MsXCo`;kHU9WNB0&k0GAuSA}I?6-pN2cQG01)V=wm&o;FKnJKo8l z*Q#|8dz`&@EQ(ll(A?a>d`Mfi|Ct;IDx`isDEBUM;v@By7i z)3AeEV(REz>`_(w;iYdFkK%j1camw2bR#7yI^;|<>e5m)@|2;CR`-u_8*NUBib#F>RIg6K;02PL-5ra^VhIRRtFP z5E_@oQb&Z7=9?W~&D^q;c>fi_D)*sroEl4b+j08H;O004rN4lJH z$l<2dpoxgyxuNn@CAT;GJ=r%U_XBe;0BYyMfBqOcwUW>{e5Q9;E8v!Ch_~2lBD}<( zshuaD<$L))JJH?OonC3~53nc*8oB^fJb>@>A6p!Jn_7Vqv@lwJ|4)7)URhcd^7^tH z5%kNLqFGl#;rC=Id@Ex5K$f5LE%+r;R<;fP&+KO$+g? z(I2oXjEtkTJbwW6bAh7be(c6@weQ>g^-YOJHQ{I@7gU}qje}Dix27;6C`_wuSWgsvB597WmA!eRDrlCrm1uz;(UZ(OfSW@IzB2bxe zv4DWk#&Y__^x%M4TJc#si|e#&DFybpW|e#buf)WTkgFT>?&dCtXi}#2KDQ2nu7Tb# z5!$!Cn(!5Y6$y*0M3w2X?2A#v%c%n;O(dGz_grVj#(RJ>OSbr;$k^BqZpBU!DO%fqiw6CVeTfj5R7`WsOzW~^Ik;|0ZC$Kll14RI2S(sUY1puErV7@%SQ z8E>LYA@VYcYt%Yv)v^jlKpat}lXp1s9;=4d?)zo>`W`;In`mLdtx<2X_*=z?aAk2G$~x!N!GA*hXh#L}$NfD|0HVP8@SK z)zE6e^E;AstBb4Y@eUi|rM&qd*4eS<_?go>CjW0dAnTHLEsNH=GMyg&csM!!sgv8z zjuf}fh#6^-5mHTTMi3^6 zW;?yf$Bv>0?e}nA-nxvpvJ_?t@=p90Jj3y-@x8hVHaiG-xQPB(1}=g z*wl$&wL8bgV(2l^(IHIXQCql}L=PsC5Lf8CH~J=#A<&OfW$qAzfs)l}0ib0JzE{Q{ zD~L12={qU+f51qd>$dKHrU1t=h}A;1BV&x$#EI_PoU&@SF#UasTx)SG&+3?$=NocC zPA2MB=j@KG6`ltN2h9ogkB^6S z0)m|_O*-;zO+G0~l*cjWtS3LZyzod@JbP-BzF)L93G=hyS65#>`xnCQ-$-v{vUKXd zS5B5I4S0J0pvSl`kC{c7(>|=Nx1X7@tcKK|_Hc?1i3=kDZ>IO`>N*rVphhRl4-cUq zKSFzL0&GDJ!N>eeRtF5c9xeGChLkjjwrGVuk*zP`>ubW@2r{av4qJO z#nEh(?BMB zHeYhYC#w`Daf}a6F)*q#5}hBQPt2>|cuBhguC3A3Y4XpAF?L52q<$5$L@oO2evK1y z+~syF5vO^!zdBCQhiQWZptS*nDzt_87}>st^Y&nlJ8$8z58$YsVS3&8H) z7u8AgvT;7;#E*pN+)(G1!|RQ;l^BTs~rDTXI03hY46rjsIBZwTewxzM~LvP><3B9vnO=Ed1GAYfjir9zNru5y9VBT z57J%QFO)M}eSQHrXf1zIB4KOIM;E)-=*&b7L`)Rz%s1ZB-)<~$kMa89>O-V#8K1dr z-A$MN5D9{S@{nzf1Of>geFpU?+K{zhi&3YqR1#R9`Cw>UEk#Ur7Ps|z?S%e zZZvChpj!HNRP0)nSs-7=^_0DeV*U%j?M33DXF7?>!9EEag&eGS&f!F$wT@2(JrW{6Lh=CP2TtUz)i~t047?lHn$Wd3qCuhc=!%lZqNY%3R|A9VM~o83OxGO0 zc5m5z3>{=Gg5ILLvY3wVT~~OrrXqi#n%5Kt>l3nT-4QnnZ47hR!O`*8 zJ}63)u1x26EReS-AzkKUTo!+>_x9s!ZNe1cfL4CnwAyMi!8&~?G4+;c4rT3H0s1}k zPKJDlg(3|kCQ9igG%Xbm4d`r5ZlBT^Or-l1on;JXAJR??^}bmOaWAx0mj;YR*8Ov4Tn(<; z3}&%k;E{2Tg3*a-_;~#n+9QY*(7N3( zH`FCf&Nu@tIF>z1-)Q?m-5_b1Wj|77pFY5Qs6HxN)nh!`Bo0@sej9$DEJ!L*z1@*T zp`?@YVNexpB=08-Q2g7naO>H-YeKJnwT}7p$H~{ONCfvj%cyA_vBQ=_s}dp2u(?zeO<1wO)e`&5zIH~_ zecq3%)l_S^06=(&(^5ruD3~isPIosQF|)*qP}Rn<3qW-l99$zeKNiCPteX%Vw@8q8 ze0R0x-CxN1S5W^OlM)uax)=5b9#>g`E`yq?(it(BRrmqTT2Ds>yID!BQ~TRdLq^O2 zg?VYI3#!9qY?)4Pj%u%@&%aLO494GPJFfJyvx0SzJC|m_eEjr8x{8YBgZg#=BYd?{ zdNrj~YPHB5uE*P$Vya*E+Ee!X9u*jS76$=j!Cst9(75QiN zG;2pXCrvTIpaf6CTHTmn+rUj-o(ON14$l@Lvw|)*b%@|H@Apb_=(?&(*@wo|O`OkN z{x&#Q_b{u2=aIt$uvsG;3bt(*#2(r?7-=rXqZe0Rq0)5$xQiD6PIMnzJKD$17pFK2 zfZ=M*caeEt3Z_I&O|&(&6yfX2ly>5JM{B!r4C9od(Wr&;k)`QzHS>*Ki?sBxc(ci} zu1YafFUs{y5`O&FM z;yaby>Wn6_D4Y)u?9Nn7^hpx?sOoVLKPtaD(L;Z4s;)cDu7r>6=$c9 zd?ZI+)Re@8|7%+dc3;eKW~Z1A zydm1ONN;#NbI@}VsZ`f%%WWU6@N7LtlMNHP*WF18*{7yva4+eZqOxD~EzBwJ$n83} zZ=jxxREjJkvSXV=XA0#h{3MW$rM17Um#PXx8?ukN`AkM>@qYdOT~zO!)6@B&$ufVl z6UTD_@QJ4_9L0fQ;}qs|Cau4YmWEp*=Tn0y8kXOV(t7s>^rbVi%!P1{OM5Gv)p{gn zhMCZV>9m+MJ3UG*WKOW+8v0$cYNf=0Ma0Y74U}6a1F~5M$*GEYc0V_baugJ8OUPCo zKi(Xf4=R4pKwi3?f-!lp%OYF3l~9-6@%Vi>-n9u6a`g2$4ZLr8ZX+m1ZYyIMN7D$S zJ9`t9%=pd8z&&_@SBBR5(X6eEdGy1^3}LRUb)V4~-gvd81VU5! zEUTHwGHz6TaV_GUD(@KSOCWp9=5kEImxtnLafOBtsfg^^l|}7kh%qG21XM~)-KFZ> zL|gc7^3;Ua6tQxHx(nc}m0@E3TIK{LiDdIpCr^|IL^sS=oEoX8z8);+!?89F|2cOi z5A9{&``TFVjg_pHM0u_~BE|smis|$+#z0YL9Y|c7)sQdWl;2m>BN+y!;e~4Ou5|^k zX@&7y8x4^ZUl>MsX)wb;oRFi&72;4I>8TgD!ln{0-&d%QH3jr3sghsAlN>yPZ2ff_WvI9Z~~!RwtirJ2xzJ zbQipKjcw!$@I82D`Z(ZTKiQzFit{Rig+0#Z_2f{g6lSO&J{O2i-lsh5@8(3+sCG&i zDGEfSr{qqLx^ZH0IPg<*1^TB>F$sEe)V$9U717m6LdPU&6kd|7OjO5=`g>JbrM!&< z?E%~juralCTxy3oAxwLuf+jbMu&JK4;3~9``nfUF9rvMdTQ0oS;JxJ6hx zWF$#eCm`jV!gin0v?$#_Ko-cBHnbhY#k(cQ5)y7kMhGKjM%4B0X6hFCQw+>E@$3Hj z^`7LvCit(Y|97q7w>Tx4UKbX56Sa4p)*%Fy6LNx#+hlH35PIvJn|%nyINkJ#E=`L} z^PYp7s*jLyH+XApGHO59{!L@&fLD*!3?Eek(mt;S1?~e+-5J|9od)j;IeQfBPheLs zkDRFKEtq)jFzA$E+4h|d_+4vBXFQM$^~{ZA_jENtvXi#c!hC)hbQ2wI(YnV?DbuX9 z>{>Nn^cx~Yy$E}JfWJttfdPHiMrRszJ2ij!^7b&k#+g|r3sJ{kT4;?-Hf0QJCx|lT zRCm7JHcJ}ekN_hzKuG_3O;;HPHi>*TSkNnCoF@K77}=RS10^v3GEhsAPk$UmLi7QNNvQ!nY9y96P2);nF(O~ ze0F3PaOVz+Js~TNc2F5yp1f4OxcHq(G{nQGw7s(0#4kaw4t9Gl!t>yiqjAsS0Ph(m>EeT|v-EiXfTN)|(GpRR=e_k2Wb?#wH7{ za-0IDz{^v(@W$FwC2D@4IC*CRwzV)kw~C}qmC1OK+`KkoUp_i!Hn@7u&0OImrs|St ztzOa7g6b_E_4hCvXz)w!A19qAVO6bM4i!I;KTgkfBt(BeBQ5}%-dY769!dqoHEI|p zN^tFs+7MBz)J-{Y)loyrNTkQnw6Js~a$nY(^#C?&E1`KdD3NONvECjnm{jDd9n|jH zG?KY4)1-<(TmWMDYaS4bEsn@fVghgCy#iE@11wZO zo^uN=TyVkRMQ%hSr=1riL2dREdn5i5T6zf$TRjTb(H+*#Oz5`M`vX)kH53{L( zQk=<>pj*ufI~bbtiyKZmP*Ky|-;hfh0x4B!Rc|k9pQi;bx`nppbeL*A2vMk!BIM~y zv-0+*$7+X}ZG-Epn!=X|z5c;4QvyOmTd(oe%U!?z52E_iMV1t&IV1R5a*{KKC@_gzmkGPPfF(Hn>e^FsQyK>GOlPOm+)WkWN43`0fx3ts%NLAU{{ z86-9?E0^Q6xY+oyz`O)DABE(S^f1f$4c^gKBI)0gtv<82_cS~N+75Y`AUdQuu4Xt= zHJwv`KTp3!LsC(!Ht%P=3v@(VV>PeX%bPUGf1}XBS#Q3%&j(#8t|DISfr1%ghr5&% ztfkznW185GUQp@ahiE~Qdp|c5WXVjdO?8Zm$<3n6qw_i@zTsXv`sP-=4Ts(br8jl; z#g**xMwvwD2^JKq9Jmw9xfeq4^w;-&#IbiuGuA_NW+ddd6$qz=RY$2T4SQ2rqnomx z2T(TpN#}Ocd$l-au16U$@jtPYd{YPxSPyQO%79JLOLuAHz!|}7e@~kA{89C>uUNH@ z>%=rdidS@-WmPa}Fy!cUSBUTrtn$7c5SnLbngcCX^IYDRLl+4u(=n3keA13cwANNh zRwx2o{i|s3*SIU;Y((op>E)ef2cYByKpUsog+ZZ5bnUzNsduu}=V^2Oipe&;XSZ>w z$#$$kX3q}%W)2x17rzg^Oe*pVJ5?Vn;tm6&ugquVZ* z-^9XcJsM6Unw^Y2d90#}vp)lp^_z z-f@RoJ?U>liTv-Wzor++=wBY1&nfj$V`B82^Gx6=BSPE1*Z>fVN8Z2o7jlQBL)~K| zRrawnY}da?!UL>nl)7G$JB!MeLgREW?&A4Nh=l9OiPjq~Al22_QWFb5K33toF50?y zHAunk_bt9ksa2#xV>9YFgk27I>(@7M-Em-Tamm|XyY~Q!SH5-cd|lu~tTy)xr+h@$ zneQ|X82pM7s?8py)pqVF4}y!YFb|(lwceP)9|GnH~)?(km71D z!O6$gxDQvy_2k@?kH$~%SG+DM-i4~Vs^J``7A2Fc7BS&^GAHXq*tPRltZ*oeX;E|U zz=-zFY4`FM!{k2>y+2pH0Fc%7x%SAsU{i%_+tTBLBf%-VjI3VNRu z74J{(nTd?*&QK26Kn#?f?|seEfVqJjTxo=Ap2ogpF8NcjavGD5}<;s?up^NV*7DyK6k(B)VK#+@!gUwc6b@#)7+$kkc7^ zU!P#>TltFiG{xlRxAyFSO9!c1Wy2%2irkdZ;35Ex<3D=p?`=UFZ37LRys?eogoy5I zni9=|8RWQvGM4uPJB}l7D&@x)9?PX?0>O;Gn}1v zEk5?hDmBQme_J4vrQ0OkVT7{5dh?WRGk@naO;nu`TCBMlJxPzO_Yw8)^SjRqpvuP6*_CneM5T$`XiAN*)Q5ktHYC_fxj_L$t#P z;4IFa28~d?G>-6EwFY;^zzyYLYLTY+aO#5~Orp1`92LDmC+9#T1mC-42Sp$3Uxt5v zR8UrZ_9$00esV*1lrgeo!$E%Ha$9|pXO>bd+qp`v@;2d140bi{Ov4(7M##D*ie%%{ z{VdL4FO^dlTl>*{gJ5)-?h_s*`U9uUFGNoD0KpLY?aj<0FtkLTt4X{_muQfAM{po@ z2^VfBO!tl6VPj`REWKn@6P+7ErXXn|DLdqeeZbqgwenVNh=%V_UaUQu^CLyZ>S5OdXQBWjyl72cE(H$DLHKT;gzDR5{L|I89pXPnH(REE;x%t z9Q;&TyYcyM7r2hRzM#15I8;gE0`Q?4!`S}lp0G=0QAKw8Zm=Eot#!2dLKX}y>0qFW zWnQQ~!dyQpJ~9zd9x@HKN1Z$A#Onsvt4~fK-+qD*4kXc zJO=9t@kYcn=_r-z1y!`L6xrw~--K{Zc?B^{-?s4vfR5Ra{dUG%@%6c2>+2L&@w1biIP&1#> zgg!uzCHV&sDOF8`L}$czJ!IrHt?C_Rz(Rg5z}l)Ac0_|(k|399FPtx0UOmp!@Oss& zoD;tppEZ`Gt_5NsUxZz$519%!k5J&vOz;h&?(Iv<<>c9~>}+h`5Rg~1QoCBuiM6Ru zmPCW+KR0yRlBzM~9m$-gf;)OgIx*RZLk5J}L?rmNsv9mJ^+_|{Ijpy0SEP3RGOcf9 zqlcvK7BzbM50$KqSuPQK(+;Dy7k^uYLctT|?7G=uY2xF14RPbOesOwvdkN`9O|$hU z#IzNC3A7Degwq6cBGFg5;8>S)=4D~05~Y4ABzCF@i`f$+&S)7KuxYZ{>_?7(bqWX= z=H8qa*JFX~hB;8kKkInEdgEp(J!42a@?!MM44dW<9ogmV0 zm$#NNlmouaX7sAOpZfEa+8bDr*aLd}XHPwdfB4iMSf_HTP>O@s16{rDGc9$lOhswk z^};nJW7U)Q&J1z+**BoPA+@<4v^zFxWWFxTf&HT}y}7Jh8Gqp#1PT3-uA-#%YUO0Y zbxZPGwTRY7rASStd)RQ7zDk_$yf!_Ap>+y1CBh)vMf zMn$SPA*vWdy({LKy_05Pb1MrQy+MXn1)@ccI#}KbBHjoxF_09+14@wPyYJSiHD71r zf%bY|qMRq>un6j{7<828DR}9qV;1SBF%ACGJ=UR^x4li?$)0v_{^vUL_$#TZ-9Abbjc_J;<8&OM> z1`*hWGpU6R8TwU+`tdiXRTV07OKiV>(X#?BH!>o`$!Fx&)+Uz{!WnaF+nXNo=Q%G5 zB=EY8tkdT#Fi@{*@*fIkqvp4^N{V3jbIpkrNIxfgOooIhw~GXR8!%Y{3Dc_<+> z#jNT3N@1Z0hW6W#fGYR8EEQ3t-IqXwVFp{87+0$_f=GRj8{R#TuKue4rMsJ^g?Wj8 zyBcFW3Y&jb{RG1=Qf}PvxPf^;Wk6s4cCRusH{DZ0XNV$l9(|$~3r(0~DE09Uy1oVv zTdg^f&7*(tx*N848fR+9n7VfXSW*UoB4cLYXTxjvMaM-l`kDw$D(+8E`g=3irSf3Z zV`w2pp9nW!$(_r5uAtk(R_ywyJ~H{%8Us~B0E+uPJ`KBbpz1rit2MW-;(;dcJ>nat zN0H&xQ&|-si)eP?G|lzl8e;5cAw`)wOD(5ipsebag4zWjbR2F@8=;cq{@bF!nPQK= zVInvNYVFj1RG@;qM^+P$r(HPr)w(=#Rl2V$JUsrGJb|A{YOYc+ zNY|#);bc!ojM(ocEOa7}OIyF9+bGszGLIwto|N{?K}^r}C8@h7y>(y4na287F^+sW z&+dP2X}XE%F5`Kv{d&m6Z>%{{=hm~Zt4+y^jtj1o`-V$>{Q|E8h~PQ9~EqxlUA$OZn;&PXZJLTMfkl%_B3?)#18~Uahop~`yYzba2`?k#2NAPrLYfy zz>a%_pTG9NZ*rc2hDE1jLc$TUm0S*p0I>nor1Q>X1F>Qb&DqMtwFC`2`x$jmbmgpES7Ht_ zI^54L!a!0-0B~pNKe7DB?n`^N8HKtxG&@3E9fgKwyx*fil1ch8c+yo9wz*J~K|ksb z2W2xX@m_-I^z_cvTZu+|D41jN&$)Ts5QVq7_B02L2d73EZYv=O`7>X;%iE)c5FB#b zH!G|JAE}3OWG+{E{ENtrdT+nYKZ^Zl?I*E-hh0zKNBvnB(mN!8{G(?4hT0#MAu>~! z7302N9+N#|{)PPclfUNjKul9~l$&*@UF^Jd&=60b$r2T3*av!TzA@quzfo@3;nGLI z8dU{zSJSBR$2Lg?c&_C&3SHi$55=e5;6g3@wnr=`;tmd|Y!9(@HVg5AGzWrN4Ydn0 zgl(;I0Dbx|e<_wkS2(h*FDmi5q?d+!?1{$rH|1?h?2lGdz9hAESoUk7lgm|l?y^j# zx(4~mwEU8nzc%y4TT+jyhhdzDzvf+T67R_&Jhh<=D+N&sr@W*Wn)e|F5 z+o%Lttu>P&50#_17FlWOsAX|V+=6DbkUn^2`To?MYG1Xm0!8$azN5#vyX|mBBRfZ; z$|tQW(X=%u0`)kcw_t2G(y*?)yst^F2YB11hq+p1JuR29aXPOpK=QpQhrTmng0;bn zdb{gzBj7mUvAal&nO!?tiOC!2O+Lz^eyxw*OL z4e5+)po*?dNSt9jC1G{KeA^W0Z!4YmC>{ZEONSETk|ie%n4Zk-yLfW#4@p%}Bf~a- z4`0jUlEOwqt`SdfH5=wI7e}|w8vFXLN2H~Nais*q6e@dqUJssqS`1)+e=n@2`{Cz} zaLu}mhQ?NTrXSkx6J?T2r0KI3XnIOHiPQo~i3}kcB89`tqSDsx{2ptP?!KV!eKFQi zvYxt$vAB>5G@bo8B^+J8CU7R%F=ta$o6RpPDcg6jNx(3=N!(gmJW9kFuT19d^(fwZ z-Szp*M=w{yV4O1GyN)(knJ?X4>>lIGFw{Wd!-R@)T}^oQ?sFswgv>SA3JXW9y!nH(7dc%M)KKu4=-*bwS3Ta50@TcR+iBjjT zvhF-pSCp~iWL*zA^d2MAnxIU*DlroVGXsKBz-H1$CK~h^TKt^>3OG$udtG?9uZpsH zjMjvwQm(&;$ByR?m(#e1YjJB0$K?}(Ja(Uoc^?{ER?4;vy#q6gE_NHOnvT3Y9C1Aq z4bh4#l_^gjPgGH?px&uGRdYmKtuN|aG>Wl<-iBL8l)s)~+_jee{9}Mz%cb`U6%8c z$>*-F7u6gbduusW`0>ohS&oIN4YB^2{OE+kKpMV9(-tdJXVy0*d7?GrG>cX+a9nz< z&diZUs&k1+WW1(<0wJp#|Dh7e>zF#2(+`i_J7nmXKz2mbPo=W5?N3&W8q{l1`36!i zDYLM1VL_iVfZl}MTaBC5HZ5ac|0}iK^oIpP3<Rt@xJv3;3T z@2&AX4UplD@=>DyFO$~|4D+kk?QBfbmenzyO57!#hQpazF)A65PHcqD0Di>qQJ zHdT0a%x6e+&oxk-{Z!6KV51t;;{GORi$@Z2oZKlNoup0BI9QVhK3o6`&a z+8W^ut>mAM1lq&~8ooW;Z1MDyb;_roBL$8bNR4N8weL$wT{^Q+ zl~hVv%_8HG%X7Il=|5FrxzQH!C%=r{NZgOQEG1%Vs_$|3WEJ?7fTelS{~a2@RDJKA zebAc)`5n*&KuCBnJ{n3b#Se*J+ESIc5@jCy2y{NLmU7@Jg zUYqC3IJLS5Bqe|<{WrTCwf${zg<+L^hQ$uXr#)kSP0VS&Fc0)=#9bqm!zV%?uerIh zQnI>>#A^7fl_Wm}dh&u|Q?|8U%f17UQ2K}%FTqQNJQ~=bN5VzOlsNsBb5gA)z&*!Q2Z5vG&WTidJd);m47nOAL zI=cm+!5Iy)X8EMEt)Awxj25X@(doPumxuc1x4N%={onDG)J;+RT}G{^(Vy-UL=U^t zS$uho`dr~_K5G!;5z!ja1AmT998sfE>s+e$#10ygv_J_PeH(2fr8)}_wqy+BWIbSf zCn5drcVGEG0Ngdb6_M{{8KG6P(bx&Ay$$x555+;U18#?2wDgnHV0KMX#zJ0BzZv_% z(d(uxw+HBx6PR5BmI@<6cqQcl19o9Ax zaF?Vvm!{ZeSZ6cfzJqC#aA!lcUhNzrHLJ-#S#WQYCFt@_Ejs{i$bbBJV=JQWJcaw* zEPiz5DA!9)D>|glUk-)b5WE1G&hKmQjufxd%5R9k_Ym}kD4V78HoK5KVyB9lP0naU z#>e?RhDHN<#vb47y9#I(M8UrLk|g8H`~5l(>+W=y!XZ&|y2gs-b-te2un0Y!u$92eK^B013xmf@!-a|ESIt-W@gn#jIhDTt zOEh_BVX`F2tvNfqj5w-`rC3Md zq7o4f%eIs=odu&-aZBsxHi;j@#jJ5V)!nJNN}_Kt9F-RU^R9OH==Sm9G*b?X$WO+{ z#@}vpnz`r1Pr$~%X*YES?N?papqzc}`V_xfA1HlaCJuBQs!KKb+v45^9x8hrE8$-A zlFn$y|3f4f=h~L{ildy?#|2CC8^%+fGAy@2<{Rw`-zY6mW*rvze60xWH|I*xHl_v} z=aDSMr4F^r*7)DjGRG<;)#-bA2J~AdDRWgLnOe&V4;Vly#Y}o#+!oWz7VvLKbvu~X z<(En?nBWQNg0&}?JBb&#ZBvj_y~BP$)9nYL3$*A}_(_D-G{4>CPUg1Banr`PI*bp* zSXb{U!M7_unf|kZO(MpG{lWF|LzcoS^eHf0(EznT{mn3OwQhSR^}W0xVys8Q{d`E> zWMmWO6(33j9T0|`PQ6Q9Ppha=?MH8R<2qp^V580=O*XeLB^TqMv>(Fq?wh0O-0n-D8B7^XRfrK z=37m(2PIstmop=(VH{OG;f06_+vL6dv22Yx*&>39QeARxTJkI+MUKp_s{5MBk z?Gy|3A?O+yGk)8Muh!F9%Gq=J#kp$DuM4W6C{5i|GekSArEZTao0hv9&aRg6GNS$j zsJqHmYtPvKd9KAI!zR0BR!RIQN-`!Qm+C~G50)0RDwyDr77r=q=TmJ6?WsFuo2G4T zpIw&c>MiJ4w$b}-erjml-iw8gynp`t++)iguFHFUge!VBuIa&R5$_X;!vXXe7kPxf z?uf9aRF7t+;72)gul?ILRwyQ}CSD^NwKoH91W;Qks*0O?SmMwmMCMIP4X^Ra{z0~K z!etp)kNH~e8J~W9bK{if;d>)z!nmeBKcBumWu+|bi7(Y@4*j--M2A4Cy*(Y{*PuHD zkt0TG?x+Zu^Efv{Oz}uAXIGy;XM(5e?m*Z4Rw-v9df_$9E#Q%_efgb<5@-J@%$XQV zY$5Lm?lgC_LjIB8C+7@)sB?SRoMQ%l&q2ydVOQ=E2~$$H=e*_{ee`2RWy7M1wQnUq zw&Q0$CYqJ^7y0qI6_T$UAbxOqBUHPI>nS6~2sg;NSqVl(tx?J=`Aj^(LOVoKv&-z- z>^IuIsK~>f`ssy9*Xq@ZcRPsElc%@x5#i=3Rb!Dnq=9Nti%*apsg=4H0PyvZd?oNa zzW!$D?8bAG#7>~)(kPw7)F;oc1}_acG|qvuZ<6iR@E9cd+zj`V#D=nzTH?hwJRemhxtG3zQYjaK4aU%Br=8d1e<38h**zm`3Oy39HuB^vp#y==XjOD`OaGcM*98T``8-I!i(nz?gn8nce9Nl}H zt?rjfF6yy2rH{G%COF{*f^O29tpeRn*Z4Ia($VdXFWk*&JJAb7iyV=5KU+aYq<=-u zMI8I9xDU6kjxF)XjCUZ}jBrh)BaIrgr#(@sqHtKTnUh*{q4rf(!YRCvo5nvi_FMq z3G25dQ>k7m9F3)~ZR0@gd6QoTmtRmnSHyCqWdwvyu zqv-ZxNB%Q{@!J`1%1POzOx^CDI}p_6(Q}K2$Q&#%mZQWCbS%B#Ryw>a>F(#*ZNYQw z-H6UvC@ET$yswPkUXC;y{4jCsk8B%kT@VtsFN;DTxfy+^q)SBx^A%48e)$y(tZ>Ef z^f1I@Z)q0rqoKxYOpofr95}_{YVd7|)p;qQ>Ql8R%bkV}yN(g&QTfP^MxLGwp{$nA z$e&YOUYwH9|5+ZLoMUNGz%*}BPn!5gfwa$moOb7G%qjZ5;M85NKjEC!(*wi zW}@9#o9tV~CU$}`fneF#6_knVug8r985@-}sa3Ria&pFm;Zk|2?XINhr%aU&B~_u7 zr8SAAJw|%aTzfcqn8d-0e8BN-GWo6c%=3NX_1#7oo=1l z-a|~9dSk4OosHLE6VC6U_Z$QST{o+klbk9Ki%T*4cJ*nd{-gm*Tr7AvlDxxgds<4+8Q zeNs7o334*itC-s=2UQf~aaWM^^b+Q!mg?3J6TP9q)dRXe{Naj4x2p(*QZ7uKKeiov z5O-?964POGcEhu<*gZTbWNKaNLtWDRTxQfk4l=|TclOy<3MHPcIfk0RqReW~gctq? zYwsP`RMxHyXT~;)!idt_C{4Qb4r2kNMrvpwN{7%(=-{Y`bm<+25&{V%(mM#!LlHs< z9U%!N^xpB!JkL4jJ?%N~_xqlcKX%q$duOk;vRA*a>$+*KQVIX1hZ0(}HJDLO>emr+AE`tI-m{uhvwSAQDZ+YL}ER^bV%#s}F_ar!Gn2IdlUZ#mP1cY53A zg{EC5lyxRE?CS`Jzi+*>tXnU?G?Nf!o2u1&Qh#(i)`} zD8We!t0VsXls;t{jpE8FkRb(aK`GmFh$jatKpWKfPq?7WNsl-F&>i+NlS}tMv_7a^ z?Q%?QN}`O8g%3GU0i1Zhkd;^cE3D}!(-oX1VE4Nse(K$gJWe~!aqhfIS;)5^SjXk6 z5(9^{cY;2mJd8Zfn=381_k1ua8PakvH}GhrS{@}=uPhr$naIDx5MqeKxK~s4AAa}p zIIw!!7qe_p#fmiSjdjv?nYS6M=_gllhnu*Gik>2v6z`KO+HbR1yh~_5V3L#@T604C zP8}d6vR@IoHbjmuA$-TPZs5nonKlhWl7?#w-(L04un*l(?xSw$ybM1k3^|Lx)9Quq z);8ZUrmP=3n8gb|oK01~-__?t$6>xfE%^FR`dLH6v?c-Ru>Qu>%37iC>l^Cv9K*X_ zu}QrhwG@QN#NK^iEeU6uk{^BWXqc4{=j8SW%!8zaK?h+ajmtR>Ov7A| zx5N7-WsFIa`jmRskO*XFD(ut__qHvHTuKt$&~H^$QmtXUo*OheRy{rv`3Au94-@~l z3;#Uxh&osamR9ym{?ZWA+Y9opJ+ZVKRAx_%Ix|Cp8u6HzPRW3cvf=kSs1`A+GYKyU z*lO(JLhobg{;UdwjYVaehkOxU(I)P)QCHx(Y4hC1I7B?pA0V&r=HK%8UjiRS&08a3 zRe7Y7HQ|bdoznj9!zL!kZjQ85E7rP2eqcA=w0eN-@wpLfJ$u4rVl++37_#u#nQ6gX zMl{puY8*7&R1^-elwLio+$^&UG)Vz52PI57V4(|<^NwrT#&Qi?l-B&bzWCynJQ^+t zC2XJTgf=h#SR(bT71RZv|p)z?9R}mF7L3svP-fXEIQH+SvwLbawp6ULj9v2z9KTUP0~^- zd5lvMycUDSzQzLGCYmLbrn?iM8@GrzwSx;1y+SZk#&+8>_GZ#ByEdRK3htPid$s?2 zdj~4xI4W>$Lty1gUtMY*M`W*Mh37&UnL{e3>Cd>_8EIku2%T9Wx85P; z3bnxf(?V9M?<63rd7W!?S($sQZcMu4wq=N)m%IsS$V_Hox)KE+1?QaJR~k6oUyeGIf}MkyKrGKu?{ktWE!Hc+l}TGtUM-SV&npp28>yCKMTf;>J~-#G2CA_r zqxb9SEpZNz4>_Niq;4)E?X)R+0kU$DI~6L{eAPu@s}8Y4>1)rp8LqngLXfi}eJ<0yCDJp_Zh&0B_Se9lMEC#-AcuUm&^g*;sTVbDGeaSOEPYZgm^oGRt zgs*mVZ+j}oF=c8t)fV`?cpvX*x!bIk9rHlDFU9nf*HzOeH#{P-IsSn%<6z{O)VGZ9 z^&UnY**b3Ag7rOvHDDGuSAoNBfy`_lAv523TcK=p!;?{>$OA&H*yj!L5cx=B(@!lY z!*qUW82hR~3gPoOYSegq4a(;Va?i{!n4ZSG_P!bE5}5bExC_f#cfO8bb&d$aA6$gP z!tQ2t?=aeedgmLXaIqoxeOIbQA#^$?suWp0lYRj~Xc`t0tr4dkQT3@NAj2?DXk?fJ zrcK4LTPmCB=>eJ42TE-$DkV}->hoVW2sFN;fzuNA#YguGT;9dMd$?wVof+$3wN){tN7OUT8B z_68(Hg|MZN{#3f_=}jt#m#2wdlHEc10j2HGH>93w8R#9nVAu`>um=48?{od1!awse z@DO>CA*{A<$?$7YmvKP{8<8f`ElVC9+5?Ki$ju`=HMe4N z^h-@X>duJdIQt>U$Yx{CotWN%5E4Ci(=s8X&^S(=&!`hJm>4i$qU3g)x5gKTCThzo z4bkNkfp&C4+8-^$&!Q0-ohebj=44&wqZ2)GdT^~p;ep!V541w2Qa<4_x}{TT14Kf8 zy+@jUuQ!)QCsypCU=u0(wLxN9_ZeeJe&13)h%MZ3FnRa9cj%&VQ$LB)`qf>GF1B}n z27}CaVwAl=!{!xp#^sbH`!nOISCbP`#n&Uew5Y~SS>xK`;Fn#KS>O6vEo?q2MOKei zmF|6(v{wV?Q}&DPt{gW8!u_?zAa2x_)hLcFqqDNiaqI}3WRc<#9|JNvzZH`moSj7u zIcIlpX?1Ei2>jIz)aUJ8DL(!2fVxNI8}_=Q51e3SuT-(S_I^BSz=9_+F=VaHAl2W; zIIFAPx`&PrBx|Rix?CYT?iN__YIH|JSU*l9hbw+(9sH-s^69&TLWM0+O18_T*4vpe z)^l)9@gbLN4&)l_`Do6>XbiV3I!X8NKmgNGIZf$>TUgzx3l`Ls?+2n+;1d?#Jts5L z&5o(`F~{u16~7fyA#HgJO}kvBp}SC8zda%P6Vfx>Knv<)LMA*9$~j-64dpO1d)!zS zx#286l36eHYH3*JyeYWMX-FDmotM_uZ|eb#7Dx2V@+|M5<%b~;%g z)i|A?FSxT*Kyf`4teQT~^Te1pf+8gQ64ySqklsGX*8oj zN7KCrNbb;#JAADiil>|nb#(AWzZyi2RpX&k{&H3?aSKaC75M5t<3Fj0%M{I70I`P& z0UyXCg(^U_SO<=Zv~7wz>r0a7Jokl6{hBl+t5LyK8!WZrmhtjGHovzo0MB?nT$leB zeLl$-e-|Y2XA%9ILf_us_KPmA2g$g>7-@!O4y%3j;7bk}AN zJJH?b`hfYlWpC7s9&*1~`D6R)CI9N0Sz5W5hfi3cWh8;K*Frq zPETU$YSkU$Z-70g?^OnR#G5ZOaWYSA7jS$s4=H|iM_y<7qyB09rxf3w>$$bFdrnh@ zvqz~J4ZaIRy)(s!jbcnQQJi#)!5>_+;|#oFtZLRKo2<4LBvtO>S9bS54y~Oxo@m52 ziuhY8zkc1Nr2w&>wb?of3IBLKzxya_%GC`<1$X!UcSZP5aaW$s-HUBpLpP?_?$R52 zt&N02u7EB@y3h%*Esw7bV8Xs~1i{c7y3J7!5_C$dz)9xH7>%RCM?crm{XzV^Wya89 z&?3T+syPT>9~%r~c$buP02(W+a!A|pjhpwZ2Nb8l{ZmiXd*OI>8BN|zNnHCYoZ6V$ z#6sX`Q1LWw0{fdJA1m-9F<08ZvOuC3lXwRfq~rNrE*%U$Aa*wi2IW86r9n)mVD+sJ}{$h zT)K{`(1kn7;hCFg@aMZE=IqY|udkQo&ds%TA1JOa=+r6}G#T zaZuzhL9{C_tPPeQM0v*yeX6VYECkJ=D4E|sJ%Q6gV=AM)7P! z8HEKa&x~ICBtt_Q8+_Hj)|RwS3UobHu5{&TS*Lq7+DAT~akdM|U|5fLn-oxOkem%p zy_VA5O9It8X+q@?g=fD{UFFNvRW@9=eM2qmH&R2el?t8ryf@?yv~ELM%lt5ET(MZA zRXedTK7Z0?+?^B=WXFG}XSUb2)lhtmW3WT)FNFp1*RSmM%phi2Wu6DCv&i!bh0L|^ zm$ANZW;Mq|Wl-ixpkAXMY<{^ql=<|vd<*?g#J}|vSAd_$;`J*XW^C12ql(t#vo|x> z_|KanMyUOcs^r8eo1D@nZAgE%pDbUUi1p}5kUGzR@E>Mb6i!LnhJILSKOGdUY*(7d zKF_4kj8C|u;9Nt=Zu+%7^;l{*KsXq>vyzK86MG>&d6+rLS@5N&b&9{$5OE;WWAx!# z$zy9WE+zIhGH7o_A@tLMsd(cLMzU6%M> z3~i96#=wiZ@`^R1IZowXu?&SAjQ8zUwkrFYFt}(#vemcFtsi;6?&MsZ_lohik%6Vh zJCAMh1l$WOVD(3v%7p$`7MAPCW8J5UMagNu%e0sF?3&Jm-)&4Q-Uz)uPDW6HX~E(v zl_!)1OG`My?c?n~%L>Pobn#DzOJZcpVSOv(t-Q&$aE3=MhUUdr|Ed}QDmRY)7r=|( ze){dr)wlm4_{>?LuZ5m6@#y6I%r~AZE-%AAD|0)fGvljK*_7uU9Te~2u19fBXfB$t zPFPGBC0IJYhrS)9PIaAjlzbkGk2(eHt=YD;Uf=$>rffdxm~GM~62S9DfA1U>b$Z)m z_E4&rIFq+69+{7TY~0KX`VZ7 zXG6Z(Y*z3mIGD9vJJA-uJ05^VU!-J15yuC+`@8b{Hms>~kB5WtttxoLcdndW}dd#1E_0h5Dyx_R0=9Vpv8G#qeK_2h1 zMO8wq)w8J`3NXqDCF}2EAS&X4$qa#dBK)Dxyuu`+wvH-^@x&71s;?o+Ag~WxQ@LIo zMfg4moj&or!Jt~kfx}R}Y3R-?%7V1w$O0O=JmlGG^6|9ffB_DaW>kJ&EPG7AWY40LEbs0l6mrW2zqmcZMr>zoj?m82vFxWbU zP=&|%j7kuk&+fF|1D+`T08C!oI1Bp*1ztd${wzO@)A)(#(BA}`MC-1)MPD+W^3Rxh z8l+g2CiV?}up~d#Z*WZ7j>0w5Sz%I@8bno^OZAwy4O5cJWqHw=PIWVmYpa;^^{vK^ z-O~$@ko^L?hSf586W`LfKh{IjV9xEEUG|w6%Zk9H?QP-~Hm=CtGk(12CAKJ1$2$Wj z2Mn&Y3IRL4vvuSs&{h_IGsD&rUAyXoa`~`#ohvOOapcuTl2PCF%!ogA&?KTUcXt}K#VlZEdVGM>!GeQ&+v!B`_A zF1qU6YJeMnlE=YQ$tqTAmzgo8RJOLUvt;KqlYJAFGe0fQ;yCp9@+so9qq zewDCzbn`*~@-q(W!476;u$0eaV@ONyaHJKD(aCnZaZ9TWEI81Q(yUv?dVCh3)FeNF zi{7u$k5i(LxtF$mKFCbT*H6-5@=Gw`P24LT&T(pT4!duIQq%B@RS+&{u<6rEV<7h{ z8%C{E3sto|iwsW?4(RaCmYN|J=L8;A4yEI76|x!_!?#OT>wxwj(7?Mryl4zUffz-`ps(}*nJG# z{FnQi{`C&k!kxV1?X$>PvPx_l{sv>(IU;sDZ$_1@o;K8T`2Q?;{FT+$#WBN`Ma&3Wii z=k9a(yerTlW2DbL>kEnZAnd-&F>!9)8HV+iS`yhnbV7RkJG(_bD|CeJuzmreVa+>9Fo+T>vXNbs$MI zr1d@e)s1zQ$2%0+XigwKO~}b7+~9kQxJJ=fe}*(HA8b;w+QhONXFQG0^a%;%&=88u zNW$9mXWNm#Wy8Hgc&1Lw4E>7GIVol?DvD*HF3w?hULO9E_&OCO@31;e>G2$|t5J#U zE>}2Y6^d+}<5(iClJr4mrW$*);|5~e{$*vHl9G2j?(|6;|o6HtKqwjs)3%$0oMF$_woJaSg@iGX9@AMW7oT$!iym_r1(gS?Yv1eEkEu! z-4pRZi1E2~oq%pNl^Vzi?HC#+w_+4jOk}vBtmVElKLCn+{%AQtk#JMbQnE)sa#@bh z78cy-$HZRDUQ) zWv4Ex)z~A~-&bxFl#mzy7M0%9)!SZBYIf5CoTBVAMU`p}i!aDIK6ZZ?xJoXq`L@^f z-5#6x!CsAqF~+$WDLC6`t}?5xBehpL)OVoFK*ILJyP+&!Yj|4S11w<5J4>$U<|aED zkvQqp7Irue8A|+fsf46jx=3CyTvmWqz*dssR0&!KnylD&(RLnty9;4swi;krE%4OY zbshF$<_ft17e_tWM;6-wTWTmU_jZaBcmxq!Sr%iyQQBePTy(xkD1xu6wVa2^=KR58 zalg_8m~(4cG@)EH+EBgqN?vzNX%t$&H>%h~?chC|SJJoJDoKd}`)0b5yUh(C*J$!Q zy7=fpMn+QK@++VUv;Q~!s2C!eEKN{%U+~Nb20o~}CFsxe)xvr%OE_u+(&-G0B`s@V zTR&Q)!L(pTqd`stUFjoQgqnL2J5wasEd9hIg^E5xS=6>(=q(BGB%1S1#F-Cq$v+bq z(XoLkQ)Vp>>K)=xmuMobIu zLF=2Ib8pX0r?DdW$UC zJ6GV=cc_eVy<#Ma>g7fM<@>-#`Ct!ZJ;7Z6y-6hZq^x^R(p|1QLLD`6`ZT`+Xt}jj zBil(1MwM%OO69N~lY)bDZ1Yaowa$447UC1v==YW;;|1qZ!T?s;?HS+Wm+h4)`v3>|+mOIV%b;#-Blr0i_xDs2r{TUn!D`&zcn(^$J`? z1k_(wvkZ~{+QUb+8lXffEvECj3PV}5%(C4WVX8P=Jj+<4np5%o!nVvC=9Plxz}ITp zuGB>*dhX+2n>1G-k~i37>cHCu+i8JEY=8<$v&hKK9#i(jfZW`Hku`gs`3b^NjxH03 zDoug3$d^Vs_GCnw*ejLPIKwB-xgv*lPC(lYTQ>xL0P3<<&Qe^OFU)lGlL&!{XUz6Q?xpMa;NMc6}&73SI z+PIO5R}Nzg|EQVfNNaQY1HgM(%>M)6BU@i~2^8IM+2yCI8X9YR1M6S)lis!^lDxK; ze;J8Tg7cz0HXm^*_mRBCeHN#yIPZXC@`Bb~USU69ljRzkOv&AL@5+_Vl06T-R_*e> zW|EhmGhSn&7h}s#l5chA3!v}nMj8(1#9({84j z(t5L{9bDI~3ilst;|rpK1WbGst3Rx+RGVYl?^^w#`A46fmt_rxWwo1F9;X{xbn)I{ zmqp24TxXYOo+GhV?AAKScH6^_e384adS-l$xZC=2$irprXvKu zMjIxZBwXea%8zZMJS3I5FC1&0av9iG?@GRo=bWwX!OUUb_wRGQW@1*C2r5d{vr@s0 z+=_&AXXSf<5D~M`w?V$pOsTyw=8< z+vVkO8Dg2$<`7&I_yCJfUd4PGN0RdGMx(SLzo7TT9_{iEIN0Ef_}QTG8Fo1-U7;dM zy0nt_1Z(^r#1PYN6)onwcaSnih7^uD^1Hz|_y=@7@JkCrx}}f$1D()wiTEHbC7}K? zmW$83Ht6+D7ebv+o?h!$`%v2uaTBB0H?^|t_*p1aYLC*LP$AabC%}9BeJKo2rtNh@ zc#2L}CYY2oBy)mOudC_ZL&r-Dq>eR8kD4<~&TNUqt1B_!rw}&KhYe1Rcf*9!Jo83I zkp=@fsRBc)R}D9OH7ZgplZfs;jg*zjjBYQZ#siN;LK*zKLJlLr+cKx&Wx;w>{e)JH z@-Pvvdfm(xlEEe}(uqY+tQ5K$I;&WR#qsms!tc+lzpp7kj_w7vMW*Hc*-fN$w>Rp? z`fZ{Gp+&X4gx|#-c4s;z_g>#ZFn8o87??k!`h|G7_eUSLkGPg=#O_cqs!LgF6CVI| zV)@xVk?ed&-s(xMiA8zF$A4Z4QH*5QQ)%MBYYLm#~?8Va&V9D`>AZ0X3P6 zau!`T6>M228idV_TNBLCsmPN=H^4+OkK|-VSvlt=y+Fl=I*oQaOmaY(h73=M7g8 zlnN&j76Eh*-~8v2{q6jkyL4C2r=B2_G{Sg8*lXK628Zwhe73II4aAA2vj2GNx7n0}q zzSROajsIPezuo+IC;t|t@{B(LSWhO59EjSC7hrFk7f|nOEcSyalX8lI&xj86{j2g1 zD;K%An%+uZeZ|)|Z1Wk%m|Uti<%Xd5a!3!XLQNDdDkeOs^gtM z0Gq;}_hE6C?^EMMNw}zKCfs&GZNTvws|>yuC7kx+B{J?}jw9mP>Xf|T4*LlcgB`}_ z_5IX|GaupI7fUzsgbMeQuU`5rCs3xQp>1 zM@v`Ty)K~QJ1>x4v`8funr)RQdF(4VuFl6=#g*LKDxU%i@E(`(clvJR78v&agU+s7 z1xcU5*;hc8MN36uN2Fm!#ZXW%CSbkeALGZu@}Yu&7|Br%m^yj@>qa^W;S?Fw^h#Q1hikSG>r*q;ru& z$yvr$zw8gXPR+OPz<`Y~)hiD8TCvrHeAT$M*UT7BIK?OE`;I)jV}Euu!-S~7H}W3U zfJP&qYi$h7efy;w?fdeuo~L$_cU*hQkJBiZKZ&VQuLWsENA=) zp0$yj2j$Ux-0m~y&fBBHtz#D86)3lozgR7Kl3RFLdLg^^pb5JtyRn*I^(H@!VwoM4 zXk-l{b)kFs@wq<$KLFIWckER_WR&grsPWJln|Qp`$T#qX#qq)QecfYLsXbu7S0mC@jsZz_3!8{(Xc%*)K z_hgD#>7Z+=uYO2b!+RcPKkZg}K%&$N#d*@f(268vrmNZ?n7E zKd%&fpHpeBSt^arCEhp(MU22L$6N0ucwM*cKwYYa?;C&bH}nDVi!@cwVthX475hhu za0AnD(1|I0kT%uZLB1&4Pt!DobfU)Xc4VB|T+v`Q^LcP`f9`{M zi)zH}An}>?9GK%=RbaUi&F_+Y_c5cv&ojMZW6|A9rz`^d1UB8zjkgB3g9^*0%?l=O z_kDD1<)$^GPKku|{CJD*=T^jT7tS109C|^$GUrp@*R-3|UEloI7x2#_aDRFyGb}{E zrYg*fXnQ6P9-1ca_(@Om6ts>zCuEH)x!#`h)CPvz6|S193Z6k+iqh7{+5}tVt%fA% zTD@FTi;sq2b0Km^;ssRNK-pPG-dICC*NwjT;h^cwC<^vn>QES7{@6wYOqF;$(kP2P zF@L_kS%*a`Zmj#Hv|WkV&knwynp8(jo1Q$Qc}TCx)5P>#lWKgOBjm!eO920{>it$g z_Gc1kZdE?9ip%Q=Zj@oP0R_oL&b?83CqX|Hm$nLvMgUfwb9?pd*KjPLFRoeB9lJ}Zl@`5G{ zvtQY^naF*rTGF=Lc3#w0ADRczJsmjZkcao{r@*9IvmOw&1nM3Y9hk#7(_?m{k?2e% z7gt=)A=Fm=?UjD9BiZ%$7s1aP;6;IloAPSU3i>@AmZ8#O;_4nFZQIm((z@TxXKd0a z5!^TONZTd2OE4MYQ_#em{6X(29L&NZwI|^nmAqh{h=cspZBmBd65O=5ASELVsS*9I zUNc;D8XQTskKPN%dU*yOjCr!t-ScCKbxq$%UcO2eZ82SGF~pLeQ4AtPKUYVMm)|2; z?KUNnDs3WSZwJ9MQ$`H1(fYF@VZi6|XOEf0m+CF)9dGX5R@FG; z01)0U>r*n!F@KWptyl@UQgWx##=tZ{ZuDhR4dVX(72-XZzF|hq_58)Fej@rRz6S2A+eqZ4if{dR?xfuC(iZrQ>2|<*oNGeP ziBG=}y#5R}$+R%`Cs{t`^n~VtVL_Ls)HnbjW2nWpBPt~uR zyM_T1Qj^!SrJaA>2+@kO;G&OQ7`kT_GNrBBe_U8oeGmv^oI_ZJ@<|D_M(vmzB(I0v zFKD{&gRfSiV@w6fx=xyo1jxR!*2*y|jB%YyKDMH#)i`|w&Z^#j4Z%QiX*n6Vw>lC4^Yj}3zF z;9M8RM;%7Rl6H|D$WtNTwzz0(qPx4*+{ib3vX>-u3E727_Q8juJ&(gu3RYTi>MSg^ zlOiW|0(w}RJD3G4^Vu`qTzjeMVMBYB+m#5ttx_#T8v*I= zrNQ8up&x(S*EFThNQzrv1lW4Kpn=wgk5I6en%Xr+23dA?ew-T)KxBR$3J-Ohl0VI9>Ey z&aJh_+Y<6xp3Cu~vWymG*&A82wjjUGQ|IfU{GXOw3R&yto!?h$x!vs14I)iWKLevc zC|q6V$tiK?L59_>7!Ic45SFU!WL_Z2T&hNq0!1TV8;2o&Dd|DC(64Bk+5+zW4*2;d zbwc@5gkT2b`DzT=sJPlN-X)|9cy5hSJzEodxMh>2dGWCsV5B`d!(INwrle+4j;b&g zhsab`ybaB_GxOVcN3bm>(PW6(Bl10NCed+PDzym|EfmjUs`S39D{(UTgT9Z!!SZ(+R?eiig@0#Y;mkvljiC>x zDkyK?7B{#8^)5eXDJypx-h5)y9dxQ?cwBTjZbo&`p|MIO47bsqRRpfp(g%eS-4hm_ zNlwVytc-t1;Y{!TU>qRNG@Yc7``JX> z6hX{~UDx>yH$W7`_80PbIh&rYq=gcFek$$RnK<{AK)&Bk&L;EYYtMnIIOrwfLfd=3 z3OhNQ-$)(*-f3O(({7l@_4#+sJz%L3a_lPLAIG~p4?!h4;XKFZ=Q7LDvX9W@X+%9X zcChHYx!xslh16EVxYVjgE2DL3%ec8J8bdyG)l(>s$GSbxaZrDgFz)?7`VPq-6+H`%J$sa$p4Zsp-V~@KA!_<50VExUouBDYc*C=a^dF1dR+S zdsJTKE2;q+osIB2{Q6%<>3@ys@%>iNU|~ZwhF9TJpVrI&&4W+Ba7=WAWw@FE((ocL zBl~cDJw}7gf*b)hFW$>o&^jN@gjS^t_yOU+hU5E3C2r0;!ei6ZL!E9KL!Y-n zC1TCb9@_g)&A9T-=Iq^N7qDV@1Mu-+bt07@g!2anN{gV=%XP3@&_Ph zJ9BNn0`GSq^SQp6{RV%uLHTe|H39u$f`wK7T!oJN5mu1ajpliBrg@N$3s%IS!;C<#qVPutj|uHNFJY>P z7`R&#Sv9gHg#6};HrGdDMM_jAH-p!-ba5l*XXv6og=l2_Yv@zwax84@bbo9H0D`Pu za-P}w)_+b(+(?k}2)3fi_;GVeH(4*pau_t+DHkLcl5F)lLJZPY`K%XB^RXIVotfLOm*zo(A@Rd9a! z>(xh^X))w zr?E!v0@a>=R=t%IaJ;Bkv0^p3vDrhb^T)5_EiJiMv!1^Jywetn>gvVA$-{fk=dQb& zPl-EXjayLiWdmB#t0y|w&r{bi?Y+)JBm3F`^g z!2Q*~l)CTYBo9FE3(D5DLG3OfgDV58h=~Isk?$3xX{1*~RSmN$-0OZD35>KFkC>U| zl4;%23T{#iVG5rRkXja8AJ<;DSqu0WjHhB+!s2ga^(#Eu zD=NucrUv)rdw}2`uZp#=d44<__c91!=DVYOw`)0JdR0-9iJpkAZX zg!mWA1S)-?DIsQOzbUps>(|^Ym>Jh#Nq`k%+ydI2XkJs46v&-Z;kNMjb*+hj-BgZe zpuF$;*c5R!oc-V~hH*fyzhRArhuoC!kpc0vT+ZtPs;atbHE2oTsumvYw1E5c*2-f9 zD9wB z`#Uk`wZ%UGcZU|e&)w4UvcN$&nRbMz@zq5oV5uXJ?Tj&%VhoCk;|g%?_W0d6G$c=DvGU zmt3cu?s(A3sHoHFn49R5!ji4x( zpv0(e2g`eT2^YQ47O3(#8ao%p{DW+z{cBm1fMnm3#t|M>uCV6uL5#4skB^0_SpAUW7+=T<}H*|44g@8 zR55YG3YQ39GxF0mN%SUw{enUY9^TCGV|Op9IH3tHF?98gy0l3SWtOTLsp8Wpk?VKL z`P3+*ceCc|X>C)KyIP&1q(x9ZKWEE8ACsC}%`ahyw8M-~|26Ovr#FD14?7?L&$>exj7j3Gl za<-L^WTiZ-XB&b@@Kup70o(Xq42S z2d^v)g_s8wx0=?>49W$z-T79Q&6-s+jsl0?zYOyPQ-s-FTs}4j(N|9M+UxjgnM>nz zwaP%cC->_IJMtu5=UfVl=enW44%y9;y!^*@_DB!Ur(V@TIU7?@ctK6+@SvGG(HvCg zLGO2b{AyE$2d=Uub3D!DATVWn7>RbLkLDRm6-2oolR3L}1gTRC5|ZSpf~;>`K;43cK>{dFsp}8Ki2=P4me1D%a@|5lusJgS#O^6b* zzu*|_oipV;x$XtiGLvgyBR@?HkvX@aG&7&Ez%P3%b$M@($vpSS3d!$V!XG#{zZh-{$JeJZA*avlHrV8`kV8*-+Ln; z&;t_xyKQ!F%fh{jCu-nt6K!rpxO|!W@@cB~#>D&u%4r_Eoi)8m5aqOqF=#Vh7^SC^ z(FNT!6H67S+tj$>C*Ida;rtWD;2W;1c9C~KE?L1QE9l88{Y za$m@Fjz2g0csR`R0&pYc_rK-)|Nr5?KqII$`+o&YEa}G-5JgM(?R+e^D`nb7(>8?% zSd4^_&>hhVhpYig)^iuaS9?rUYaVvPhu|2wQHOO4>&lQCg;pdwc^=i~NQT`HQtn*AV;9f4nE%f@l^0NR*0f6FqJt^Y^CHV;7FvQ5*@j%07XOU3mhqoUTB&K)Ul z`oc9HD1NTkDYT*)uB_iMcx&DcFK*G{%6#4 z-qFEx&`j@nVqbAc!VkcG?QMzI10;NohFDskS%h$jYpfKAgR>$8Q)+f`BfB?OZKD3* zJ1B7NSs>*i^N@qe$5>WY+I`F}x4M&5XjN-loXtZB3PGsE%r*I%S>P$1 zHdZxncM(L+;TpE@gQXVgB6meh4$GFR9_Pn4%ou06j`wq^5fGE#Ep2S^Nd}d5$PiSE zBz}w#;?~5t(p#7;As3S(wu;Y|li&vpq`6uTW<~f9FmB)Von*O}5;2Mta z?w_N&L|~!Q(ewX0C>}=z4*c~&)Wr|?E;|iW*?M{!HMgiZxtaS4itP7@gyr4Y2N|aY zRLpYVRt_Nan+n^O#rLU>hhk?8dulxb#8YdKzDQPBusLgbYb>%^K18i5)d=TqTOGGa z@&(xIJo4uPh5?aHRK0T@!&&p(nllBK`b{yRwQ^DeivX$RwGQ_#f$p`(bsYiW4zhQH zpa?eBcX3g7h>f!{Yg1x*Cxa!sSb8rxG>Jw2kzbQyjmVq+g+ZI`=5q-zFHT+YRP9kO z&smX{5%u|-UH0FNlOjT*{P$e(a{Gz1)0?7i`d@>)MtW@&J$Dhy`Zvy_Eskd(J}q4z zuNv#rn_BeGW+gCN7=O}#&r{=s-bJ@*ldy5QGAYI`o5^sQI#ueDUU}tQUyBrO#^+Dlj;wo3=>be+`^HPb zL*sbH8ENWNtdvfdUcqZ!}9oluW$UBXFocW#xQ%IvKPQ!7Dwf@bRLL#yX@|WR)J+YfRN9K{qjKl zkjCIqZHU(oKj-o?PEt*YklfcO_4oR6g)JW*IBn(Pdgi)y4#n#@rWeqj)(VS@A zKFmZUxpclU0Vkj5z~n@l-tXcBu@;ZVP0EKv7l_`LOGb(#;jpIypPi{%eomtum@=rCs8SofE$Z;SJNY7fX0#O**!PI zX?YJlGrYQ*$_+xeybjY!shBLob!mBaW-_i|)i$vG2jDfL%b{_8gw#?MJ$mPo7|!Qw zu`x}m>r-u*+hKzq3GET6z>xZ@^nsin|8p+>e)XR;*#86`nxqMN`%^K*T(bY)6Zpl9` z+)t%BeG9Li4D;dXe!1kQ>R;G<-p$y*dr#>>Ev+H{_)hBQFWo7Lo5@Woq*s>>6jZBV zg-5-x810L+XywA-FWt!HQ?q3l?FlHv%Z zStm~A_OqwU91mwS3F0i9m=@op1S@Gq2y~R8tFO(oZ<=ED`jz7By@(9wU040%;Mz;8 zmUW8!ZH=r*dx;8Mi&LwBOzU3aWk#sI>$x+@t?nM}E!X`KU0+S7@18O8dSI%STSAhL zU@pU0sc5ZkFyAmwGY_Ny8Qs)1m?LEWV$g_1{Iyk4c z0h>&lXp%4)5vOefO*TP@B(RAF5lqg|Z4(S4m?(mP1_1&@FhK}JY8!(Q>s#_>L1p6*YCAggn&yY>_!1^*F$!_`q6nA_{R>s zD6z0gq8h%TCFNY&lxaVwGa2;Be`-`mO!vprhuk6kNol`d6vS`BzZP{RAk(Z=1b`1+d;-em4 z6x1y&O8qW`q-YToT0E4Y+59Ra$LZ`=Rfs&apG%%|Dm7&YSJeiKKmgaVmM*h0{~Ali z*23p(?rmyfO2JlvXRn^JdiJ*I$ad)aZ9662OTrv${i+^wMN-?o??AJ2u=BL9-zU-H zI=EUou%-*)(gEa){p`yIVRxSIz|*2+I&s8qgTNIrpZrkjht`fhybwa7jwf(~W0_M) zp^$2laN>6OtCpPjYKF$BsJ(DWn@KQ#L7`-#g=_DrjAvEu2EzBqEPIvmS?`CA^!|C; z@~X_TE9%|YZ}o$F)9A7Ds3=s?>ipvmb7;BLDW4mYRMTSMGNBwZ~fAnLrNHGoB! zRpH2!oO&@dB_~)OjG0cbo>q#-RkX2J^;EBmg(ey%dXg^O!*7(ICQ7+yH(CnqCz>UO zkNIb>PIRSmY^toPw5GIPk_FSWiidH6Kuv^+=wglU>NU&(N0L-|#C=t_0ptX4j9T$; zV(Qg);TGrJAF8@()^15;!Eyyy8lL9eS^@#rC<4VAj7&2>JyCcOLNch2Iz zGW8}pk03{qbCdMFT_@f9Uweg_rmQWIz#nJy(AKGjCG$n2?F^-7V8&i4NjfggrY6ip zQ*@_heOINKUs7b*DTx99jPCC3Kw@50H2Aq0l}isj_vo&6hTYaQ>r&`qnWl5fr4Pkp zids{aOWz6E>Z18jacAQ~6_tC&NzPA2h$m*fN;_wzlZW*q5Mkj5( z4B!xUH{xw7eN(je4$lO?GO_nmDN_KpfS4!Iun?hZp_W^msYlS+c~vuptNtCufcz6Fuu-@EXAsh)XjF(5sl-}) z);V_yV#nfJLZxgUcFxm>N&`eT{WMAv3ntzA6xBXW>pSiUAjP1dN(_3Jb6 zQw53+5C>^(g*)&rG|%-zPsbk$t^C6BnYTpwfA5bMlOxr5@5Z3YqH?h|z`*(~Xt>kE zOzwGlhSk+ifRiuvNq+o%UF|BN*^6PID*FoKtWEmd#-9>+&~bxV=tzT-EFuinG4wXv z7I^Hq_sYSZ#@2sd(+Fu^Plf5leAhWg7EAS;qgt<)J+Tzg*YMjI-bB90{CF?r+K+L6 z$@Rl0uQYG9rff5~y>-c#^(ndhhqD^p4J~ETG7wNz9eizgnEP4? z7vfH{QLWQj++hgx*bu;pj3|CZd#jx9UU#0%Q{L?KJrMFSgI`Sl8R|7m?xIsmlI%Rc zGC@ruB-6e!?W~=r`>#y>SE1p5Z5hFvCc6WdZ``@NLB^vg*f$a5o;J;H^=2&$xJCWk z?TF#QkI12yf*#fcRi)C^^Wq53Woy*&xwDi5E+1mk&U|>pnU}M-n2dRthi4eh#XC|x zS~tgiF@>k_a<%Ea2!yl6zLNf2{w>u8xZU=c`TOU@k{^uLf&qiHH$O45vQWK?qYRn6 z7ff$2d&rQxa8@F)=|6Ep@CsrYFcfeDQrI@+JPc6^`{x3>H8 zX~gy9=GcxoJBC#zu8wbE0ySMFa`HP{TXv_wR{BX`6bJmKSDfTvwcT{+^cktkglgST*^MM4Pl{cw=Q-3$m&_Ms) zKVy0UkdO=irs2AyXlon4eMTE98m)ahxcnukb8c(<@ign>p)w&1T_VKF>C3mN%oJI= z0|eeiewc(UX;Mp`^zfS06y_BZueO+id-(UQ3RnA=9I-zhnO8jX(Bh`gYnivzq^u*h z^(dshb9O(viQgzG-Va?JpeuXU`2ip$#C7$4GB>nbP0Zm^QfxeU1%J84LO*|2NeG~& zU$R~VO(AOd#%^XlSJ&F^Zx@*gsSLkjKXJ%|UbZ&3)!1rVRuU>fJ4{jygMx2l>HUrA zUr1#C^M(QfLzO)UA}L{TnO&`Y+`J@P-(RidCMk5>b|J|$kiI@+)^*Zx$fFuDzNaD?k5P-gR?nqy1{;Q#!z|MxZE7(`LmoYB|%r$z~1<`l3cyj~x!$yMyW zOGj9O^@zCYJ;jKnjt!Zj6m5xnYtMdVeaE=VQ|KIuIK?#tbRJEFiO86HWDNFa-@ z{OeH}V_Sh!hxzy7Q27p05koDqd#1(<3ZOS*hky9lB6LWqtV6WvNrVxnz36Xf!Pdi% zm3~T|`axo`BwYLVqCK&ib{_FWQ#R?&m%`u;!%)GI;eMhpX+5 zq?40Q2hr@wq&ZXpl$-md^(a zY)0N?G5bd+PtpbE_TLWfMMw=B5Ee_0G%fu-v@doXtp&Mj3vtWqF{{V_xFNGs|0d3$lVSbsVGh7##@Ub|RyvABD!V>~1ZVnxBv(o&C9#a34)f&F~ z1XJ@IW6xdPr+9$SwdR~fwceY#N;c^0QJ)TG7I^Zrz?(;Z1!EK|$1;CYbWHy$1fwG8Tix|wIDL*#htS1whwvQd6X8OIlIx*elqZIyJ=Mv4I;Gn z!o9|t!b|4!JY3fHBwSC%zrR({O$k#6#jG1zZQOa>_lVO!PLpu z!s&p5cx-iUgVLZ41ft5=TkX64=v!o|KYCUlCU$3j2ELw_LS2(|7QEV|)?G3)W)|$- zigK_GWeB->9|m!GXk;%PC{~}_UZc7NY-T3n*Ux)j#k*Ex)%F!i>^25SBqVf1GBk_A zl9!Hg`o40r*0XwR4@6#A&pjZD&b2N6JkNCJPc|rZ)k9ZId_o^q%aRj z>avh9XnUC-5@`UE$bzafpxk{&=r>p~vF^SFueyi&4K#GuIBFVDkbZh5POc*^Y}NjV zvPQdM14Nw~2JEO+`7e=(dHDPm9cgO)P*?yBnu%HmpSy+bdrUX9$${GjVlibemw<0t zh&=)V1dDbrVr{-n8n!8@i}vjzK&pnPYuyDgjm2M?@)!|w)C(tnO!`!CC)WD&4*fRJ ziEG*^D!+J5*`E%fdZ-$0tWGF~)_odltcd zWkKH}V75fk0=~Wlu5eS+8ezvu%2NtMc)>9OEHz&;Y9$OsOXJY?1D{iD)s8{v%5>dbzpRFEy)`EBVHnXgP>dizk_0S~fDu~kiU&2Z9i zX!9#mV$VVK9^hUM20$Kj5rX-z0ZrPrddfg!e(}s#ChjC$LTt90C3JY9Fu6vNpAUI6kK(H!Dku5*9h!>M$K+XFM^AF<_)^%u2Y7 z44?UaQ(2ii!Yf$U1mvvxC*vdJr5lDN$LlS;x_+@$vU?;UJzQ>hY@@*o{_`2O%jVLw zrdBB{1!4zLN_D;Gz48ZZzecvzWLkp!{QTSmMT5p0NMu&I|9oHV`=#1>OtI07 z90sp{gUf9)wDbu?UqP|VeZ)0&TP-5#tz+iBXjTNDk4^w&#NY=6wJczn;L^TYS3{*> zF2TIR-n)cqWWEs$;ep>GOX8m1*muSl0*KWSYyG;ayJ-|$>BmOdoUmL2U7qK@i%=)q ztm|}jQK{vHz5|kGFUB4dZ#)qF41!xuVk?^64F4EO2CNdMl@seoJ*e~q*TTYSLZ)q5 z<2e0}dT)u3Rl4`vDNNE6NWW3|Gvg5d169LNiRA8uRa9jV2fY=B(7NA# zJMWYIo5i?opUKb<67ym?xh#A6`aEqM(xUr!9=NT>HAzZy4(F5V*Y%H3`#2~_IC;jt z{4vQ}Tf#JZ4WZlEk(A@MwLNVAG@*HJzZy_KgKiSyc_I?}8%!y#yZj1QF-Low@7nX{ zwilJw@Y>Y!G~ck&1y$*boQw?Fv)JO2)DiiduT1)RO=M{^Q;ff0y0Q(4eywvOEOvc; zMe6gwr2~cX#++rdW^VV@tsd3jkc7!Z=y&(!NT;T(SabMvBJ(BNB$FA9Z2EwEvQNC( z!ifa0Nhw1(VK4JIOAdN-jCxisj(nEyD)8}Mf2&ca3Nop+v~*+F_lWlcElHuPKgXkr zp=gY&b9FB|k9lZj0BVfr*SSB{=GP+uj}I};4|XZEXSKtEl_V3dLkCD=dUEd2#H~RWc^|eJv!mwp^pDW}Y&>sH_-1TK z{GNf?!V5BNb+v-h{_{HMp$w>+Ka=j|?q?ecuT`yaZrBw-+I6>c$a)+C>#(-C{ zU@?xVwS)~~e_Z*!6swi|mJVdnuh(lIS6035#&R1V6k0O`kfzPoqR41`W)~)@`h7Ms z9UiCc=hC-?lV04B{bF*XO24b83x|n6z3roXpCwr5-OwZ~wOk)xmEx8ca3dL=SiK^{ zy%8{k9Tjm4ZUczwb}QOeL@%Vh)jm7e-vRb$i4y#DE!F`5KK#4o4iK`mwzXdh{?=Ya z0BWb(-IFf8l>f{;n=8ryq(H>^I!(!oxyDn2R|3x}`kU8wc8`P!`DABUK8x8lHS%Qk zJyQr5&@=z#1<=rcb2EjFZT>&pJ^J{spa1-o>E8Jlhrb(qF!#-rw-QT#O}_U;;2VMe zNTmPMQH%EVb6ywNE@q!c(fWf6LpHmJrxCq-%0aLC$4?YbQK6sdkX9Ad)kILcWD+qZ z^1-^;ImDx1O|EJ}sEsk)Sgs6@4COm1@| zeYX`aapW4BC;iS}fqP&ERI)wS_z21diW8AgCDui)Pr8O^lwU&|zMm-=dn@ zJCC%1PM6M?sba$@yrg~SoJjg>PeZBD@sQKIIh=z5FhNh@bP?@?Pm<6J7j88n9(isf z3=i(AhRdK|_%66?SG8uMq^7)0WnFC)>bfoSHlbk+f5UQgpNtx(^gEf_VCbcFH-y!Kn_UY&-Dq;%A0Encz7y4DKjJUl zF2}l`M^siu<%gv<)-Ul4l;Uj#p=q_F zFxR?)LLJ3SPxFiZ7Kg0N+_(nzU0ZVAOG(@I-Wm5w)E`QdTdsiGgCyu5K)5LnRUh0z zzma|xovlk$N=FKI5B5V(3=_7m?uMw*^F&tm6av}mi2kVUv-$R!e#@E+SbS_f=rQeG z@dPVR5BIajuUD%`1$q#Fyx2pGw!%0qTPmIp&5{OvhO~Ps#C3S1N9?t?;)NxL#anLt zhGm&qGkZbOuUe(xcTPs}HAidiYO2jJ08oCrX;9b4qY>{qL@Yc)*6;u6iSk5LDoKN- z{%40zG3gji<}{>Wa`JVwxQog4;vr+W%|Huz`FrXm1FXKIz2y;D^@a+HOQo+Jq6ebw zY-%rW$UJF;Ub;R97`U)NpS>UWj?2cq5HSRWa^71ri9>EmMHtY(GHts6mBwBdbcd_; zM3Ia-H3{%Gmt(%Xgsp?|d8fZK`Y8TgyQn0OXU)ew>LmFOkLCt5AFFXy?1Osmtk=lx zNh+pzp;JrvmKvdQkTRZc>dPf5_<08xDoeF_a=h#U-?Vu|@G{od7Rq;ZemHOvJ}DMa zzHQlIKcz%J3d4>Ci`6z?aOY3Zjy$>e!tVPbG>)uh@wyQY3_;^a(5P{lO?~LqmcV=5%)Zw!^pO2VxegLD@S$$Tz3wjWn zIx=TAvz7Dvz-0S~XK;XFe7$%&qPy~0K0nH_c_z{%y7f{jeK^vH`}K0?QvswlIpz>t8flfv>~R+ z3Qp4$E$}dQvD{le$GpDA9PPw~=l;YXN;gYOwX_NnpjfMXgT=YTw`ynQA~OiBVT-C9 zISMAW_A>N(zQHWR&TeAg2txC#t+NYWDze`P-M0ys3mn6V^pFEGr{g#Rk$=ltc}cR{ zRyp{t^^+XTL(f!YfAFKfdd!$RU>*3d^SIG#A{F5)C@11OM4WiA=KQxCX&ou;zcMZ| zTuTS9Sv|O-;WeHTb{cOodmIZvTzxTUy^Uc%PDXaBwh232)_W9`$P>i2apFpqpAZGI zZ7jU7JK#_)evl=*B6GAjtCgcF^T=u9FF-7E`^>;!ojX@kb3(GsB#qY>51M%iyZs<< zr>3lyg~W#NwL2B3ZvDLadryo6ar@ZMyRN4$A>lRNbwsYAQk~`JzAtq($2!tSM=e>E zL%B%utp0)I2SAk;Ba`*Jvz2I*B!kxd)2h3Y3nbe=taNIgKgVB9ZCVXmE65vbe!-FD z4T!;BohX^X)BOgc;lagMt3}mk$34A{f>u!RaFObJQ}?1FBB9|^H$DJ5F!CD`z3sM~ za&?cf*}RoxbgQjd!5p0adXmVT>>l_yVX)aA+H;l=x~b{+yThlHjmtsD8L%GO!VtQS zCv(qe#1GlBO}2M{#BkjdS4gc?GxcBwQXen%e9-`?q6O^k+UT8K?nms83p+7cB*rUpZ}vCIk-a}^-}t2I6eM2 z_wFZulj%u#%LTjpcP1x^>i7+Ld%;I#AmRuIwb`b(Q__l_Cn%u{Md_&+^1ZX*z&O}D zoOInPn$Ekbf(jffPfs?}hO^1zUIByAq`H(UpVXXg1f$oLw34(OnvXbHx(&64j>U>s!L2`1{*Wkiyp(PeZ@ZMIO~xj5qUtdF(iSoPObWSOETX z*9Vnm*X%I;?sz{lPQ}#I+Hosm_@Z)hG6La&(MMIZC!p`Mvp_gSbvk`kD6rBOq=f(q zEZl98je0yW=y#Au(HF`Cd{1W!Z2ZkyWOqwXLRIU`wD;;-wQOI8rPO*W>S9mI&sO$4 zdIN@}k^&50d`xd`Vlly4IlOFL=I)cQeIxCfsC*+XMvUMMtq2~ir}<@r&6|fql2^au z6xm6$?++LZlb&&KR!~~23^$9uNg#%aj_9HwwU(vuZ8`dHyTJSyNcw?Q&YEX$1A>>R%m&Ed&Yf^Awa+O(oti4EXFzlzB6)Rk~h>w?}#&g)_G!XJkvVpx|7_|K1?GbDAS0=kj-}R-OEpXl?l{{x*k$s~n%mt?KJo>D<12&%%jl ztcwAXYc~U6Fjj+Ap7(FOJtrN&cOX0W0qA&#ovL;AuIzRg5vGK3oNGbnVm@&chhTUP zio|;Mp%NlJjW3N)RrqH&o#9DIW^#`UGymjT8Ot5z$yX`dX4}&Bw(ZT!mu=CfSRDrR znzhJLqU;Z=$O~S)5HZv8@szD+&oXu6WU7WEm(cV#KSL6P@&mCHe9y_uRSg9#!Q5R!KUe;NBxS z9evE*b!1CC<4SFQT)1j?Czl@LLaewjtSi*|=OMgdWzqqsR$iOUX`8x~Oe~|k?p=~q z(X>d1?Y^!VSJ>V4QN!^N^Gxy=d-u(08fq!Wks+?!hT!*Hlkop z80HafA2*#5XX!_o7KZpMlDv#x2Y2GClEys6XP+XGxltcAvmo;f{c@3bn~muloQ5sG zisItzti$LcmjfoVkA2m&;YUI_+?*e z^5tzezfv7BeGbif#Ywl2V^@EXV;0OcZNEvXng4CVWZI-j8sHH*^21Vb6aMO|-H@kY zRtS*VxFOLI`pm9YI(GuPGijS%9o=?mQ4qv!0#J3;D+bb~AU_G6xKPXz69#pwNq$5! zMV}xcdw369DLZWJ@+vR)okK^g4YK)u`7x&y`u)Cl`!#>fJ3FUF0bPvOa$jscBn)|~ z5PY1LDV_zvL8ilam#b$m$3Z{9uH|)0_N+a`^V_u;`vx^T@4UE%3%rW*0Ka4 zV7x(6ilkfJvZN9Rm{T7=H>Er%j|9}60@5#gXvBH%8_6Z_%KE`xIq`Y1#gjpKms&zM zdV2~hlwkMDG@HO4IcrKs5NodDtEEk?4nq{^`h5tjX2QXgK2elW>d>L}Ydre1U6}+= z=U|3_K+2%6Zq2>_V}ASBDqnfrQsM=L2L)&Y!A@!(W(H5!zcQ`m6%$1~(}^=`#G2yG zu+^i2M`71D1;vtX{~**^Uul z$P1`-aVxqlRUj`|gBPdLDWE`exz(O6DQ{BOkP~UNjI~D7kDDPzof}nf7f1rPm z=t(_F8M@JB_~Ey`2(FEERDO2=ROPKR1=UHkZfX&x@@eSi&Jg(O->|@bspVQ?f#9^-ap$_KX zj#8{Nu!@=HS+Tu}Z4a_~X1#4$NkZj@KkHv`M|@Z-Q0)J+q#9{THSN1?8}*st^14CU zUH90(I$K!k26$7i?~_pwTkyfY7iDHLxTJoUmsLmvzik#|MY&yfw=OLO(1C_+PmoXs{M$#wa7#bfk{6Z4L{%UOG(J$krTP=vWR~q2TFOe!AlWp$(?hpXN46-YF<& zF;knIY@3g7L9H~)#6tn}G0u_)X9=%1WKM1qyEAk*t%R{?AVY;&8V4`=rjZZ;IL-Lt z*@{(hRsQYV;COboAY6Fh`BIj}RW08lH1GXAt%235VzJs0>E>^tqGiZzie;g5MG0Y$ByIg7q6ZT=}zx~Th6p+U;7hNdH`bthN$@4 z5FF);@gKz{id6eA%kB+2onVJD9a|OqvDUYjVLK>+z4+AdYb(J(VB7E!F{===$~G0f zmd2H1g)y;x?tQu9B` zCjOYh^cS>FrY9+VEpF)JdE`M>plC~*boz|I{KY8rq`d1QFX|`y4mn!RFUkBG(rW`yS#7Fu}P>`o3cZ3RWZ zTTu>J>-Hp+BE&?!!p18ND!8!=0cKJU@c5(?Jf|dACFtqJ4fV6d3)_qLTuD}9n|L55Xb zA^02o%9815PS2bLs9<|t!3YVcoGvWJt>7$|1|An?ujRgf6Tb%hpcWxrdSE?5o!5Gu zWO|0G*fIm+RoUur-lcptg7_2!5vy=@fe4qZLtlB+SoQCH@a=MjurSN~=;-(=2AJCO|Jr4@qf+ldUrkrBkuk7bLAxifdFkbO zWX`qyWZ}l$gr_LEAV!0QrxOW3M0q`rG_`BKw-j&E@wt`}miEbvSnDoC9hZJN5FBMk z{?ap$#!|rYVU`uFfbkX;?Odo?PkNZTIP&yOq{JIzlo%}Mw*W&nUBdS; zi$nhvKyC&vx~+d%Zrq_2OHUP5sp!&|di<*6R>tcn&!i20QyWUL0aW6@}$S#GhZ z$un!0NI1eB$67dY7^NW!6sxMiEy2s%uUgSUTuGSP8rN=Okbaw{@&~%9GXK@qiK4{r z4lX_O@y&$iW^J@0eAvQE0j6&s{g)f?zkBiBWdm8s#H1pmz1*Yjy8Ge!Gm=TaI@l57 zHWE`|A^E{76D=)$XpgeB37%E0NP_Wp;)GZAiE5V->d)4!l_!pBX2$PyI0DVi zu!5z;^HLA9%8J*b)N0tfi1?0Y~A`Ehq;SGqV^U#5>_<2%fpFqn~j znoRY6PpZCrJ$`JC)Sh>0)|_GsB)^HF3T~75gLP_E3_5zQrm5dbe)tL@J} zz}lWwZ{-%&Do2O;^iSs~WK!9xJ6#q%?-&EqpXR#)9!YVW=(!}1mz_T*3~oR54Sn8w z?fZYc8U5mCe(&wS75>!k9eUo_GAegnUW-S$g@G?R@%1`n%{alRh5Ku8<|z@R%1SGn zBcO z&~O23RB~?1I65y9CGRVqa-#g2?-}ae3tK+De6#AC-W}9Mm<8Jh?EP`m$_Y7v_DrO& zZVMM#dRD|DNhPfMS;e~jjf^p-UvAsV3?IwxfaFFlMzeI96=YFG&2zM3+p;DNol5uI zeyXs9Nw}@+8;#E;FUQ~HZP@i}G0$()Yh9JPWHwxuhpVGKOP$?K!!)i>xbC94s~La1 zAeUZ(Ug>sl+^*&q(*_jVx_0XmUrfAtO1lddpxe|oj@cffwkGTZ5P3HOnz%AhPj^9S ze;}!-!Yi@L?C?CMEh2~fslOy1z8VQsx%W#n`clmvI}ZKn+$`@_9=TrI?CeOYjFoFp z&m?^Dk?ieiATtO?4X+LB3d1hnto$c4xW6Ro`KHhNWZtLVh^N`Vx^<=h{ld2TWN=2$ zK^I;^t+P<+W{yflh}#d{Fi$?M71(ZZ8(7v@LWg zctCq}e#hJLI6JZZkefYp{wq^J0~lWEvf&@8mTMqd8I%NRQgzh7gL(5@DI6~K(hEOR zm7r02I`afMsOWCw?@R6UZRk9G;Nly~(XhUngtxWc^~YSdoLP@~{_~ae|IyItziWg4 z?e=dji%C7It3Zz&Rz<&X+N-2LsIXL(N{LA7o2jQ&=$~2iNXtDb^ zbU{q+!b(r!u$rE4{ZJ^y5DR16k?L5O>4xS+nW?76`$jxR)x%r)&Wg#iV9p(3ckA5Y zPlgcd5WZmaTNGAwU|-G5@yufqs>GKYXB5H_;o|bi3%Pw1bc2ue6WLM3#h}@j@-h4M zUWsGC03TN|(2y1_AT0#v%)QPGJjB=1j}II*y}X|1+j+LszMo$d=3&046Kpo)0P6me>+UyEBvlTzfxPpvL zxv)xO9t=Q=M0pl(VtElggk`s?`+X$CCRcB~gJx(Y_PW0TDi$mfs{#wcX#!(RhE>&{thf>U3+ObAPEXR75pnztygCoaT zIelgZmn&KRVWWpw-mO^%dFoTw@2;hPD==7dO*!|>BXp&vlB*&vM`7nk#GA!#q}!o? zK)8~`d(%C97?AZ&b?>%oMLDUb8pvgI$(EbMdBS8Mnd)L?isZ%w<+o+Io0N z!Juufzq|?{jG{n6*{(i24Tq^n!6YZS9Mq23NxmfZKyG+dI#8t@+tc4c-tqQkv1iv2 zwc=}gg*G~ougKDw)&))G%-7HC6mQ&ptfxywgHT&;kzU36*FB!sdVBk%wRsFDM(g@o zhsasFnru&MiTvvKI_bytk1>WqudV7gtPp6K*n#3wvo`6e@W6{9^%B@I{Z#jH;Gf7> zWpbGOMVa5}sfzt%8Im`dwOq$$;iVs`$;Ixq*Ah_k-H{$_pWPm?bR z$B6Jp17)^md^q?G+&0WlIzm7HBqpcEjTr8CYpEIfYYifula5}tTelICa~YgDz{5{N zltN7=JfW<(&BPTeLR;12j&u2ll{?FIUzwiIT*2<~*e>U7R=YuHTa6YjjdT(R*}8R zQEv@=d`5Q1+qz3W+_v=b_Kq{hQr^B^!LA!+Zff(9w^y#|ye2{1@2TJud6DHy=wwVoj#^ZNxZhYeexz}Bz?Pv zM-ZX~*9X_5aA7Ak=^c4{HX7GYhfC6SWc@m}eb*J5xH5|W=GNW{2Depn}GK#*Ey7*3lut0Wh> z6GKEK100l^HUYRu4dU12k1jZw6LSZ6A+U3pVFk2NFZmY96T^pdmobBadbG-=Im}fY z73HUt1O;IO0qI9}rw2JjP~jCh8#7-iucfrAu2GtzhU_6|&v>q%Sf?zMvC@fan7zch zwKrJT8hu$sM!YXB+^^<&DzyYL_KHZ!RM*|hXrkHXh&B7~r&6^rUKJ(mGBu+SH}Y2jpgfv zhCYL^P`*U$oj2%vP%BQi+EaAR1Q;&R8u?<2O%WOPbShlSuc5Us1P6EwEo^~K@`ZXq zYU67KUGhp5MpRFaCFu#Ix!+FaF*wfqd1d1W$6=^pNv+d??Ke@$5yPX5q;LY@x9N9S zfc&H-y69W$@zzD6CIe9jd|FN2Ha{YqMHHE@KkW!rnph9sPx6n^S}uoJ+l8PQ4h%3@ z3qI2R-S?^@3D^3&9j4gF_EBjB{JMDK*`>FpShM~S;btqI%4;bP8~(FY7j&T#XzJZWcghXa(=#zut%Lfys!3KbI;ty z;L>8zgYjOqER554H3u}Ii_Skr_Z???(A<7Lsi`&_h{L?nL_pJccSwTw)Vf|%4oV?T zPwY*pLD{bbj7_#THavbYGXIhSoquEdp*QGYqSPz=gNYf5QkJJPE@TTqaxg(^9m~CZ@bm)n%713dbp$&&<7rKpiGtf68sdKZjx_&o z`~Lr5H@;~X<1p1-5m`zdss8qJbgI5u*#SE7oOMFa@P-!0M1`(z%cu{fLdxEjb9J)K zahG4p!ofKz{3txFx&1>;B;A2!ZeNd>F(u#MijrTQ^)y_FqWv6i*)Gu(apkvfmH}G! zf4}^dKsbPZeBkyeN_%<1@Zec9xc#|8gkVBEp}3^&Sbak|D6oGl>kN!7E^B7wRl>qnr4qd~B$y`3EyF6Un>dsFuhwFL0-e@z_xTZ3nFgMP zlCo~OujuBXmEILdV>Os0d)qtjSdEHwE@cwi6*&1?CS7+x^Wv!|<%^fG*&YaMtoJ|@Jw_vNG8z2VMck>ac{#GV_hHj#|zSM^pIuS zJBFfx^o7>_0IU2|c1_x7n)B3y0^Ev?)=2=b%_Z-&>Q>P+;y8M2zDtSSm&ZX)*LxI( zu$l1^9$0S|mA7BC*QX%jM^$BN6sX&}n!cfCW}45cyyqVxua53VzQkcL9_Y)^oY`aK zv_i+OWXm!Ab)u>?s=|L>S+3TMB$Y@lT*9foC~re^a;ysbR%XXzZaB5uKfP@Ggg;bW z`m|pQl_3{8ttu&hf|gI;iXS(!3{?st!3FJWm2`ZJd(sq|0crUcYCy{i^76G3fYkcT zkzK-W7#X+XbCKKNHS3KLnux3z1bYD5;4;Hb=YEt1+YXk~w^&%Wtfvz{_tVACp(=IMenn81(e7f0?h zP3~vodxEl~*bm2x!wkaA&CUFwZ@eHE2f?@>lrUlkbFh7EXB%qV(hVF zn24sBg&gbLbRER`v~{Nx*Yp!b^0%_D;!O#LB$?0E5(y#(M#Vn``I^wpq?q@N2=POf! zuFP#s70GCt|DpPKeG9VV6iz=wk8$s_!98+G^Jk|9y2W{3hIx;+h{j63y+B12a#q(7 z;mZpM-fykciZ;Qo`E6~2@?~K8x7zWwYOYrKHIh~EE;Z4;Oh+c3Xy9~SE$pPt&f5