feat(sort/search): support heap/selection_sort/binary_search_edge in go code (#521)
* feat(go): support binary search edge and testcase * feat(go): support selection sort and testcase * feat(go): support heap sort and testcase * Update selection_sort_test.go * Update selection_sort.go * Update heap_sort.go --------- Co-authored-by: Yudong Jin <krahets@163.com>pull/522/head
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// File: binary_search_edge.go
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// Created Time: 2023-05-29
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// Author: Reanon (793584285@qq.com)
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package chapter_searching
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/* 二分查找最左一个元素 */
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func binarySearchLeftEdge(nums []int, target int) int {
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// 初始化双闭区间 [0, n-1]
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i, j := 0, len(nums)-1
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for i <= j {
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// 计算中点索引 m
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m := i + (j-i)/2
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if nums[m] < target {
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// target 在区间 [m+1, j] 中
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i = m + 1
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} else if nums[m] > target {
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// target 在区间 [i, m-1] 中
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j = m - 1
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} else {
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// 首个小于 target 的元素在区间 [i, m-1] 中
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j = m - 1
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}
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}
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if i == len(nums) || nums[i] != target {
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// 未找到目标元素,返回 -1
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return -1
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}
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return i
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}
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/* 二分查找最右一个元素 */
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func binarySearchRightEdge(nums []int, target int) int {
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// 初始化双闭区间 [0, n-1]
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i, j := 0, len(nums)-1
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for i <= j {
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// 计算中点索引 m
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m := i + (j-i)/2
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if nums[m] < target {
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// target 在区间 [m+1, j] 中
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i = m + 1
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} else if nums[m] > target {
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// target 在区间 [i, m-1] 中
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j = m - 1
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} else {
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// 首个大于 target 的元素在区间 [m+1, j] 中
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i = m + 1
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}
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}
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if j < 0 || nums[j] != target {
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// 未找到目标元素,返回 -1
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return -1
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}
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return j
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}
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// File: heap_sort.go
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// Created Time: 2023-05-29
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// Author: Reanon (793584285@qq.com)
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package chapter_sorting
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/* 堆的长度为 n ,从节点 i 开始,从顶至底堆化 */
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func siftDown(nums *[]int, n, i int) {
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for true {
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// 判断节点 i, l, r 中值最大的节点,记为 ma
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l := 2*i + 1
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r := 2*i + 2
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ma := i
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if l < n && (*nums)[l] > (*nums)[ma] {
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ma = l
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}
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if r < n && (*nums)[r] > (*nums)[ma] {
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ma = r
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}
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// 若节点 i 最大或索引 l, r 越界,则无需继续堆化,跳出
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if ma == i {
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break
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}
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// 交换两节点
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(*nums)[i], (*nums)[ma] = (*nums)[ma], (*nums)[i]
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// 循环向下堆化
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i = ma
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}
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}
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/* 堆排序 */
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func heapSort(nums *[]int) {
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// 建堆操作:堆化除叶节点以外的其他所有节点
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for i := len(*nums)/2 - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
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siftDown(nums, len(*nums), i)
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}
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// 从堆中提取最大元素,循环 n-1 轮
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for i := len(*nums) - 1; i > 0; i-- {
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// 交换根节点与最右叶节点(即交换首元素与尾元素)
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(*nums)[0], (*nums)[i] = (*nums)[i], (*nums)[0]
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// 以根节点为起点,从顶至底进行堆化
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siftDown(nums, i, 0)
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}
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}
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// File: heap_sort_test.go
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// Created Time: 2023-05-29
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// Author: Reanon (793584285@qq.com)
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package chapter_sorting
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import (
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"fmt"
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"testing"
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)
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func TestHeapSort(t *testing.T) {
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nums := []int{4, 1, 3, 1, 5, 2}
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heapSort(&nums)
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fmt.Println("堆排序完成后 nums = ", nums)
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}
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// File: selection_sort.go
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// Created Time: 2023-05-29
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// Author: Reanon (793584285@qq.com)
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package chapter_sorting
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/* 选择排序 */
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func selectionSort(nums []int) {
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n := len(nums)
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// 外循环:未排序区间为 [i, n-1]
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for i := 0; i < n-1; i++ {
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// 内循环:找到未排序区间内的最小元素
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k := i
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for j := i + 1; j < n; j++ {
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if nums[j] < nums[k] {
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// 记录最小元素的索引
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k = j
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}
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}
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// 将该最小元素与未排序区间的首个元素交换
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nums[i], nums[k] = nums[k], nums[i]
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}
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}
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// File: selection_sort_test.go
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// Created Time: 2023-05-29
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// Author: Reanon (793584285@qq.com)
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package chapter_sorting
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import (
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"fmt"
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"testing"
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)
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func TestSelectionSort(t *testing.T) {
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nums := []int{4, 1, 3, 1, 5, 2}
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selectionSort(nums)
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fmt.Println("选择排序完成后 nums = ", nums)
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}
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