feat: Add the section of terminologies. (#902)
* Add the section of terminologies. * fix formatpull/905/head
Yudong Jin
1 year ago
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# 术语表
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下表列出了书中出现的重要术语。建议你同时记住它们的中英文叫法，以便阅读英文文献。
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<p align="center"> 表 <id> 数据结构与算法重要名词 </p>
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| 中文 | English |
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| -------------- | ------------------------------ |
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| 算法 | algorithm |
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| 数据结构 | data structure |
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| 渐近复杂度分析 | asymptotic complexity analysis |
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| 时间复杂度 | time complexity |
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| 空间复杂度 | space complexity |
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| 迭代 | iteration |
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| 递归 | recursion |
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| 尾递归 | tail recursion |
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| 递归树 | recursion tree |
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| 大 $O$ 记号 | big-$O$ notation |
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| 渐近上界 | asymptotic upper bound |
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| 原码 | true form |
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| 反码 | 1's complement code |
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| 补码 | 2's complement code |
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| 数组 | array |
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| 索引 | index |
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| 链表 | linked list |
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| 链表节点 | list node |
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| 列表 | list |
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| 动态数组 | dynamic array |
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| 栈 | stack |
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| 队列 | queue |
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| 双向队列 | double-ended queue |
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| 哈希表 | hash table |
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| 桶 | bucket |
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| 哈希函数 | hash function |
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| 哈希冲突 | hash collision |
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| 负载因子 | load factor |
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| 链式地址 | separate chaining |
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| 开放寻址 | open addressing |
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| 线性探测 | linear probing |
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| 懒删除 | lazy deletion |
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| 二叉树 | binary tree |
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| 树节点 | tree node |
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| 左子节点 | left-child node |
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| 右子节点 | right-child node |
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| 父节点 | parent node |
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| 左子树 | left subtree |
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| 右子树 | right subtree |
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| 根节点 | root node |
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| 叶节点 | leaf node |
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| 边 | edge |
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| 层 | level |
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| 度 | degree |
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| 高度 | height |
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| 深度 | depth |
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| 完美二叉树 | perfect binary tree |
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| 完全二叉树 | complete binary tree |
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| 完满二叉树 | full binary tree |
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| 平衡二叉树 | balanced binary tree |
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| 层序遍历 | level-order traversal |
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| 广度优先遍历 | breadth-first traversal |
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| 深度优先遍历 | depth-first traversal |
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| 二叉搜索树 | binary search tree |
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| 平衡二叉搜索树 | balanced binary search tree |
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| 平衡因子 | balance factor |
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| 堆 | heap |
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| 大顶堆 | max heap |
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| 小顶堆 | min heap |
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| 优先队列 | priority queue |
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| 堆化 | heapify |
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| 图 | graph |
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| 顶点 | vertex |
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| 无向图 | undirected graph |
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| 有向图 | directed graph |
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| 连通图 | connected graph |
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| 非连通图 | disconnected graph |
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| 有权图 | weighted graph |
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| 邻接 | adjacency |
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| 路径 | path |
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| 入度 | in-degree |
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| 出度 | out-degree |
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| 邻接矩阵 | adjacency matrix |
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| 邻接表 | adjacency list |
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| 广度优先搜索 | breadth-first search |
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| 深度优先搜索 | depth-first search |
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| 二分查找 | binary search |
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| 搜索算法 | searching algorithm |
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| 排序算法 | sorting algorithm |
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| 选择排序 | selection sort |
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| 冒泡排序 | bubble sort |
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| 插入排序 | insertion sort |
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| 快速排序 | quick sort |
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| 归并排序 | merge sort |
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| 堆排序 | heap sort |
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| 桶排序 | bucket sort |
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| 计数排序 | counting sort |
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| 基数排序 | radix sort |
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| 分治 | divide and conquer |
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| 汉诺塔问题 | hanota problem |
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| 回溯算法 | backtracking algorithm |
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| 约束 | constraint |
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| 解 | solution |
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| 状态 | state |
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| 剪枝 | pruning |
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| 全排列问题 | Permutations problem |
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| 子集和问题 | Subset-sum problem |
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| N 皇后问题 | N-queens problem |
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| 动态规划 | dynamic programming |
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| 初始状态 | initial state |
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| 状态转移方程 | state-trasition equation |
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| 背包问题 | knapsack problem |
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| 编辑距离问题 | edit distance problem |
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| 贪心算法 | greedy algorithm |
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