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@ -144,8 +144,7 @@ comments: true
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```js title="queue.js"
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/* 初始化队列 */
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// JavaScript 没有内置的队列,可以把 Array 当作队列来使用
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// 注意:由于是数组,所以 shift() 的时间复杂度是 O(n)
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// JavaScript 没有内置的队列,可以把 Array 当作队列来使用
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const queue = [];
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/* 元素入队 */
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@ -159,7 +158,7 @@ comments: true
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const peek = queue[0];
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/* 元素出队 */
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// O(n)
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// 底层是数组,因此 shift() 方法的时间复杂度为 O(n)
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const poll = queue.shift();
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/* 获取队列的长度 */
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@ -174,7 +173,6 @@ comments: true
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```typescript title="queue.ts"
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/* 初始化队列 */
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// TypeScript 没有内置的队列,可以把 Array 当作队列来使用
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// 注意:由于是数组,所以 shift() 的时间复杂度是 O(n)
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const queue: number[] = [];
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/* 元素入队 */
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@ -188,7 +186,7 @@ comments: true
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const peek = queue[0];
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/* 元素出队 */
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// O(n)
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// 底层是数组,因此 shift() 方法的时间复杂度为 O(n)
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const poll = queue.shift();
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/* 获取队列的长度 */
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@ -382,19 +380,16 @@ comments: true
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// 使用内置包 list 来实现队列
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data *list.List
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}
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// NewLinkedListQueue 初始化链表
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func NewLinkedListQueue() *LinkedListQueue {
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return &LinkedListQueue{
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data: list.New(),
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}
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}
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// Offer 入队
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func (s *LinkedListQueue) Offer(value any) {
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s.data.PushBack(value)
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}
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// Poll 出队
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func (s *LinkedListQueue) Poll() any {
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if s.IsEmpty() {
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@ -404,7 +399,6 @@ comments: true
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s.data.Remove(e)
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return e.Value
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}
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// Peek 访问队首元素
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func (s *LinkedListQueue) Peek() any {
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if s.IsEmpty() {
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@ -413,12 +407,10 @@ comments: true
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e := s.data.Front()
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return e.Value
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}
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// Size 获取队列的长度
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func (s *LinkedListQueue) Size() int {
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return s.data.Len()
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}
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// IsEmpty 判断队列是否为空
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func (s *LinkedListQueue) IsEmpty() bool {
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return s.data.Len() == 0
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@ -428,26 +420,23 @@ comments: true
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=== "JavaScript"
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```js title="linkedlist_queue.js"
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/* 基于链表实现的队列 */
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class LinkedListQueue {
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#front;
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#rear; // 头结点 #front ,尾结点 #rear
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#front; // 头结点 #front
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#rear; // 尾结点 #rear
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#queSize = 0;
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constructor() {
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this.#front = null;
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this.#rear = null;
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}
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/* 获取队列的长度 */
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get size() {
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return this.#queSize;
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}
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/* 判断队列是否为空 */
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isEmpty() {
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return this.size === 0;
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}
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/* 入队 */
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offer(num) {
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// 尾结点后添加 num
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@ -463,36 +452,20 @@ comments: true
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}
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this.#queSize++;
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}
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/* 出队 */
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poll() {
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const num = this.peek();
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if (!this.#front) {
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throw new Error("No element in queue!")
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}
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// 删除头结点
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this.#front = this.#front.next;
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this.#queSize--;
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return num;
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}
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/* 访问队首元素 */
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peek() {
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if (this.size === 0)
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throw new Error("No element in queue!");
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throw new Error("队列为空");
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return this.#front.val;
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}
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/* 将链表转化为 Array 并返回 */
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toArray() {
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let node = this.#front;
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const res = new Array(this.size);
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for (let i = 0; i < res.length; i++) {
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res[i] = node.val;
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node = node.next;
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}
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return res;
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}
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}
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```
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|
@ -501,25 +474,21 @@ comments: true
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|
```typescript title="linkedlist_queue.ts"
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/* 基于链表实现的队列 */
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class LinkedListQueue {
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private front: ListNode | null;
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private rear: ListNode | null; // 头结点 front ,尾结点 rear
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private front: ListNode | null; // 头结点 front
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private rear: ListNode | null; // 尾结点 rear
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private queSize: number = 0;
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constructor() {
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this.front = null;
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this.rear = null;
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}
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/* 获取队列的长度 */
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get size(): number {
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|
return this.queSize;
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}
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/* 判断队列是否为空 */
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|
isEmpty(): boolean {
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|
return this.size === 0;
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}
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/* 入队 */
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offer(num: number): void {
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// 尾结点后添加 num
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@ -535,36 +504,22 @@ comments: true
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}
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this.queSize++;
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}
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/* 出队 */
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poll(): number {
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const num = this.peek();
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if (!this.front) {
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throw new Error("No element in queue!")
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}
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if (!this.front)
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throw new Error("队列为空")
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// 删除头结点
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|
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this.front = this.front.next;
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this.queSize--;
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|
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return num;
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}
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/* 访问队首元素 */
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peek(): number {
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if (this.size === 0)
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throw new Error("No element in queue!");
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|
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throw new Error("队列为空");
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|
|
return this.front!.val;
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}
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|
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/* 将链表转化为 Array 并返回 */
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|
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toArray(): number[] {
|
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|
|
let node = this.front;
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|
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const res = new Array<number>(this.size);
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|
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for (let i = 0; i < res.length; i++) {
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res[i] = node!.val;
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node = node!.next;
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}
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return res;
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}
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}
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```
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@ -637,7 +592,6 @@ comments: true
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}
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/* 访问队首元素 */
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public int peek() {
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// 删除头结点
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|
|
if (isEmpty())
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|
|
throw new EmptyStackException();
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|
|
return nums[front];
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@ -701,7 +655,6 @@ comments: true
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}
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/* 访问队首元素 */
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int peek() {
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// 删除头结点
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|
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if (empty())
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throw out_of_range("队列为空");
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return nums[front];
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@ -750,7 +703,6 @@ comments: true
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""" 出队 """
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def poll(self):
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# 删除头结点
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num = self.peek()
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# 队头指针向后移动一位,若越过尾部则返回到数组头部
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self.__front = (self.__front + 1) % self.capacity()
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@ -758,7 +710,6 @@ comments: true
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""" 访问队首元素 """
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|
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def peek(self):
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|
|
# 删除头结点
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|
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if self.is_empty():
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print("队列为空")
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|
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return False
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|
@ -791,7 +742,6 @@ comments: true
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front int // 头指针,指向队首
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rear int // 尾指针,指向队尾 + 1
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}
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|
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// NewArrayQueue 基于环形数组实现的队列
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|
|
func NewArrayQueue(capacity int) *ArrayQueue {
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|
|
return &ArrayQueue{
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@ -801,18 +751,15 @@ comments: true
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rear: 0,
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}
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}
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|
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// Size 获取队列的长度
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|
|
func (q *ArrayQueue) Size() int {
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|
|
size := (q.capacity + q.rear - q.front) % q.capacity
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|
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return size
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}
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|
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// IsEmpty 判断队列是否为空
|
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|
|
func (q *ArrayQueue) IsEmpty() bool {
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|
|
return q.rear-q.front == 0
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|
|
}
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|
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// Offer 入队
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|
|
func (q *ArrayQueue) Offer(v int) {
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|
|
// 当 rear == capacity 表示队列已满
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|
@ -824,7 +771,6 @@ comments: true
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|
|
// 尾指针向后移动一位,越过尾部后返回到数组头部
|
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|
|
q.rear = (q.rear + 1) % q.capacity
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|
|
}
|
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|
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|
|
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|
|
// Poll 出队
|
|
|
|
|
func (q *ArrayQueue) Poll() any {
|
|
|
|
|
if q.IsEmpty() {
|
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|
|
@ -835,7 +781,6 @@ comments: true
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|
|
q.front = (q.front + 1) % q.capacity
|
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|
|
return v
|
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|
|
}
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// Peek 访问队首元素
|
|
|
|
|
func (q *ArrayQueue) Peek() any {
|
|
|
|
|
if q.IsEmpty() {
|
|
|
|
@ -851,76 +796,52 @@ comments: true
|
|
|
|
|
```js title="array_queue.js"
|
|
|
|
|
/* 基于环形数组实现的队列 */
|
|
|
|
|
class ArrayQueue {
|
|
|
|
|
queue; // 用于存储队列元素的数组
|
|
|
|
|
front = 0; // 头指针,指向队首
|
|
|
|
|
rear = 0; // 尾指针,指向队尾 + 1
|
|
|
|
|
CAPACITY = 1e5;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#queue; // 用于存储队列元素的数组
|
|
|
|
|
#front = 0; // 头指针,指向队首
|
|
|
|
|
#rear = 0; // 尾指针,指向队尾 + 1
|
|
|
|
|
constructor(capacity) {
|
|
|
|
|
this.queue = new Array(capacity ?? this.CAPACITY);
|
|
|
|
|
this.#queue = new Array(capacity);
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 获取队列的容量 */
|
|
|
|
|
get capacity() {
|
|
|
|
|
return this.queue.length;
|
|
|
|
|
return this.#queue.length;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 获取队列的长度 */
|
|
|
|
|
get size() {
|
|
|
|
|
// 由于将数组看作为环形,可能 rear < front ,因此需要取余数
|
|
|
|
|
return (this.capacity + this.rear - this.front) % this.capacity;
|
|
|
|
|
return (this.capacity + this.#rear - this.#front) % this.capacity;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 判断队列是否为空 */
|
|
|
|
|
empty() {
|
|
|
|
|
return this.rear - this.front == 0;
|
|
|
|
|
return this.#rear - this.#front == 0;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 入队 */
|
|
|
|
|
offer(num) {
|
|
|
|
|
if (this.size == this.capacity) {
|
|
|
|
|
console.log("队列已满");
|
|
|
|
|
return;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
if (this.size == this.capacity)
|
|
|
|
|
throw new Error("队列已满");
|
|
|
|
|
// 尾结点后添加 num
|
|
|
|
|
this.queue[this.rear] = num;
|
|
|
|
|
this.#queue[this.#rear] = num;
|
|
|
|
|
// 尾指针向后移动一位,越过尾部后返回到数组头部
|
|
|
|
|
this.rear = (this.rear + 1) % this.capacity;
|
|
|
|
|
this.#rear = (this.#rear + 1) % this.capacity;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 出队 */
|
|
|
|
|
poll() {
|
|
|
|
|
const num = this.peek();
|
|
|
|
|
// 队头指针向后移动一位,若越过尾部则返回到数组头部
|
|
|
|
|
this.front = (this.front + 1) % this.capacity;
|
|
|
|
|
this.#front = (this.#front + 1) % this.capacity;
|
|
|
|
|
return num;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 访问队首元素 */
|
|
|
|
|
peek() {
|
|
|
|
|
// 删除头结点
|
|
|
|
|
if (this.empty())
|
|
|
|
|
throw new Error("The queue is empty!");
|
|
|
|
|
return this.queue[this.front];
|
|
|
|
|
throw new Error("队列为空");
|
|
|
|
|
return this.#queue[this.#front];
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 访问指定索引元素 */
|
|
|
|
|
get(index) {
|
|
|
|
|
if (index >= this.size)
|
|
|
|
|
throw new Error("Index out of bounds!");
|
|
|
|
|
return this.queue[(this.front + index) % this.capacity];
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 返回 Array */
|
|
|
|
|
toArray() {
|
|
|
|
|
const siz = this.size;
|
|
|
|
|
const cap = this.capacity;
|
|
|
|
|
// 仅转换有效长度范围内的列表元素
|
|
|
|
|
const arr = new Array(siz);
|
|
|
|
|
for (let i = 0, j = this.front; i < siz; i++, j++) {
|
|
|
|
|
arr[i] = this.queue[j % cap];
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
return arr;
|
|
|
|
|
throw new Error("索引越界");
|
|
|
|
|
return this.#queue[(this.#front + index) % this.capacity];
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
@ -928,46 +849,37 @@ comments: true
|
|
|
|
|
=== "TypeScript"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```typescript title="array_queue.ts"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 基于环形数组实现的队列 */
|
|
|
|
|
class ArrayQueue {
|
|
|
|
|
private queue: number[]; // 用于存储队列元素的数组
|
|
|
|
|
private front: number = 0; // 头指针,指向队首
|
|
|
|
|
private rear: number = 0; // 尾指针,指向队尾 + 1
|
|
|
|
|
private CAPACITY: number = 1e5;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
constructor(capacity?: number) {
|
|
|
|
|
this.queue = new Array<number>(capacity ?? this.CAPACITY);
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 获取队列的容量 */
|
|
|
|
|
get capacity(): number {
|
|
|
|
|
return this.queue.length;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 获取队列的长度 */
|
|
|
|
|
get size(): number {
|
|
|
|
|
// 由于将数组看作为环形,可能 rear < front ,因此需要取余数
|
|
|
|
|
return (this.capacity + this.rear - this.front) % this.capacity;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 判断队列是否为空 */
|
|
|
|
|
empty(): boolean {
|
|
|
|
|
return this.rear - this.front == 0;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 入队 */
|
|
|
|
|
offer(num: number): void {
|
|
|
|
|
if (this.size == this.capacity) {
|
|
|
|
|
console.log("队列已满");
|
|
|
|
|
return;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
if (this.size == this.capacity)
|
|
|
|
|
throw new Error("队列已满");
|
|
|
|
|
// 尾结点后添加 num
|
|
|
|
|
this.queue[this.rear] = num;
|
|
|
|
|
// 尾指针向后移动一位,越过尾部后返回到数组头部
|
|
|
|
|
this.rear = (this.rear + 1) % this.capacity;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 出队 */
|
|
|
|
|
poll(): number {
|
|
|
|
|
const num = this.peek();
|
|
|
|
@ -975,33 +887,18 @@ comments: true
|
|
|
|
|
this.front = (this.front + 1) % this.capacity;
|
|
|
|
|
return num;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 访问队首元素 */
|
|
|
|
|
peek(): number {
|
|
|
|
|
// 删除头结点
|
|
|
|
|
if (this.empty())
|
|
|
|
|
throw new Error("The queue is empty!");
|
|
|
|
|
throw new Error("队列为空");
|
|
|
|
|
return this.queue[this.front];
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 访问指定索引元素 */
|
|
|
|
|
get(index: number): number {
|
|
|
|
|
if (index >= this.size)
|
|
|
|
|
throw new Error("Index out of bounds!");
|
|
|
|
|
throw new Error("索引越界");
|
|
|
|
|
return this.queue[(this.front + index) % this.capacity];
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 返回 Array */
|
|
|
|
|
toArray(): number[] {
|
|
|
|
|
const siz = this.size;
|
|
|
|
|
const cap = this.capacity;
|
|
|
|
|
// 仅转换有效长度范围内的列表元素
|
|
|
|
|
const arr = new Array(siz);
|
|
|
|
|
for (let i = 0, j = this.front; i < siz; i++, j++) {
|
|
|
|
|
arr[i] = this.queue[j % cap];
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
return arr;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|