Add python code of Heap and Graph to docs.

codes/python/chapter_graph/graph_adjacency_matrix.py

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import sys, os.path as osp
 sys.path.append(osp.dirname(osp.dirname(osp.abspath(__file__))))
 from include import *
 
+
 """ 基于邻接矩阵实现的无向图类 """
 class GraphAdjMat:
     # 顶点列表，元素代表“顶点值”，索引代表“顶点索引”
@@ -75,7 +76,7 @@ class GraphAdjMat:
         self.adj_mat[i][j] = 0
         self.adj_mat[j][i] = 0
 
-    # 打印邻接矩阵
+    """ 打印邻接矩阵 """
     def print(self):
         print("顶点列表 =", self.vertices)
         print("邻接矩阵 =")

codes/python/chapter_heap/my_heap.py

@@ -8,9 +8,9 @@ import sys, os.path as osp
 sys.path.append(osp.dirname(osp.dirname(osp.abspath(__file__))))
 from include import *
 
-# 大顶堆
+""" 大顶堆 """
 class MaxHeap:
-    # 使用列表而非数组，这样无需考虑扩容问题
+    """ 构造方法 """
     def __init__(self, nums: List[int]):
         # 将列表元素原封不动添加进堆
         self.max_heap = nums
@@ -18,43 +18,43 @@ class MaxHeap:
         for i in range(self.parent(self.size() - 1), -1, -1):
             self.sift_down(i)
 
-    # 获取左子结点索引
+    """ 获取左子结点索引 """
     def left(self, i: int) -> int:
         return 2 * i + 1
 
-    # 获取右子结点索引
+    """ 获取右子结点索引 """
     def right(self, i: int) -> int:
         return 2 * i + 2
 
-    # 获取父结点索引
+    """ 获取父结点索引 """
     def parent(self, i: int) -> int:
         return (i - 1) // 2  # 向下整除
 
-    # 交换元素
+    """ 交换元素 """
     def swap(self, i: int, j: int):
         a, b = self.max_heap[i], self.max_heap[j]
         self.max_heap[i], self.max_heap[j] = b, a
 
-    # 获取堆大小
+    """ 获取堆大小 """
     def size(self) -> int:
         return len(self.max_heap)
 
-    # 判断堆是否为空
+    """ 判断堆是否为空 """
     def is_empty(self) -> bool:
         return self.size() == 0
 
-    # 访问堆顶元素
+    """ 访问堆顶元素 """
     def peek(self) -> int:
         return self.max_heap[0]
 
-    # 元素入堆
+    """ 元素入堆 """
     def push(self, val: int):
         # 添加结点
         self.max_heap.append(val)
         # 从底至顶堆化
         self.sift_up(self.size() - 1)
 
-    # 从结点 i 开始，从底至顶堆化
+    """ 从结点 i 开始，从底至顶堆化 """
     def sift_up(self, i: int):
         while True:
             # 获取结点 i 的父结点
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ class MaxHeap:
             # 循环向上堆化
             i = p
 
-    # 元素出堆
+    """ 元素出堆 """
     def poll(self) -> int:
         # 判空处理
         assert not self.is_empty()
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ class MaxHeap:
         # 返回堆顶元素
         return val
 
-    # 从结点 i 开始，从顶至底堆化
+    """ 从结点 i 开始，从顶至底堆化 """
     def sift_down(self, i: int):
         while True:
             # 判断结点 i, l, r 中值最大的结点，记为 ma
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ class MaxHeap:
             # 循环向下堆化
             i = ma
 
-    # 打印堆（二叉树）
+    """ 打印堆（二叉树） """
     def print(self):
         print_heap(self.max_heap)
 

docs/chapter_graph/graph_traversal.md

@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ BFS 常借助「队列」来实现。队列具有“先入先出”的性质，
 === "Python"
 
     ```python title="graph_bfs.py"
-
+    [class]{}-[func]{graph_bfs}
     ```
 
 === "Go"
@@ -160,7 +160,9 @@ BFS 常借助「队列」来实现。队列具有“先入先出”的性质，
 === "Python"
 
     ```python title="graph_dfs.py"
+    [class]{}-[func]{dfs}
 
+    [class]{}-[func]{graph_dfs}
     ```
 
 === "Go"

docs/chapter_heap/heap.md

@@ -123,7 +123,41 @@ comments: true
 === "Python"
 
     ```python title="heap.py"
-
+    # 初始化小顶堆
+    min_heap, flag = [], 1
+    # 初始化大顶堆
+    max_heap, flag = [], -1
+
+    # Python 的 heapq 模块默认实现小顶堆
+    # 考虑将“元素取负”后再入堆，这样就可以将大小关系颠倒，从而实现大顶堆
+    # 在本示例中，flag = 1 时对应小顶堆，flag = -1 时对应大顶堆
+    """ 元素入堆 """
+    heapq.heappush(max_heap, flag * 1)
+    heapq.heappush(max_heap, flag * 3)
+    heapq.heappush(max_heap, flag * 2)
+    heapq.heappush(max_heap, flag * 5)
+    heapq.heappush(max_heap, flag * 4)
+
+    """ 获取堆顶元素 """
+    peek = flag * max_heap[0] # 5
+
+    """ 堆顶元素出堆 """
+    # 出堆元素会形成一个从大到小的序列
+    val = flag * heapq.heappop(max_heap) # 5
+    val = flag * heapq.heappop(max_heap) # 4
+    val = flag * heapq.heappop(max_heap) # 3
+    val = flag * heapq.heappop(max_heap) # 2
+    val = flag * heapq.heappop(max_heap) # 1
+
+    """ 获取堆大小 """
+    size = len(max_heap)
+
+    """ 判断堆是否为空 """
+    is_empty = not max_heap
+
+    """ 输入列表并建堆 """
+    min_heap = [1, 3, 2, 5, 4]
+    heapq.heapify(min_heap)
     ```
 
 === "Go"
@@ -311,7 +345,11 @@ comments: true
 === "Python"
 
     ```python title="my_heap.py"
+    [class]{MaxHeap}-[func]{left}
 
+    [class]{MaxHeap}-[func]{right}
+
+    [class]{MaxHeap}-[func]{parent}
     ```
 
 === "Go"
@@ -403,7 +441,7 @@ comments: true
 === "Python"
 
     ```python title="my_heap.py"
-
+    [class]{MaxHeap}-[func]{peek}
     ```
 
 === "Go"
@@ -493,7 +531,9 @@ comments: true
 === "Python"
 
     ```python title="my_heap.py"
+    [class]{MaxHeap}-[func]{push}
 
+    [class]{MaxHeap}-[func]{sift_up}
     ```
 
 === "Go"
@@ -613,7 +653,9 @@ comments: true
 === "Python"
 
     ```python title="my_heap.py"
+    [class]{MaxHeap}-[func]{poll}
 
+    [class]{MaxHeap}-[func]{sift_down}
     ```
 
 === "Go"
@@ -693,7 +735,7 @@ comments: true
 === "Python"
 
     ```python title="my_heap.py"
-
+    [class]{MaxHeap}-[func]{__init__}
     ```
 
 === "Go"