diff --git a/codes/swift/Package.swift b/codes/swift/Package.swift index df043d701..f9fe23528 100644 --- a/codes/swift/Package.swift +++ b/codes/swift/Package.swift @@ -27,6 +27,8 @@ let package = Package( // chapter_hashing .executable(name: "hash_map", targets: ["hash_map"]), .executable(name: "array_hash_map", targets: ["array_hash_map"]), + .executable(name: "hash_map_chaining", targets: ["hash_map_chaining"]), + .executable(name: "hash_map_open_addressing", targets: ["hash_map_open_addressing"]), // chapter_tree .executable(name: "binary_tree", targets: ["binary_tree"]), .executable(name: "binary_tree_bfs", targets: ["binary_tree_bfs"]), @@ -90,7 +92,9 @@ let package = Package( .executableTarget(name: "array_deque", path: "chapter_stack_and_queue", sources: ["array_deque.swift"]), // chapter_hashing .executableTarget(name: "hash_map", dependencies: ["utils"], path: "chapter_hashing", sources: ["hash_map.swift"]), - .executableTarget(name: "array_hash_map", path: "chapter_hashing", sources: ["array_hash_map.swift"]), + .executableTarget(name: "array_hash_map", dependencies: ["utils"], path: "chapter_hashing", sources: ["array_hash_map.swift"]), + .executableTarget(name: "hash_map_chaining", dependencies: ["utils"], path: "chapter_hashing", sources: ["hash_map_chaining.swift"]), + .executableTarget(name: "hash_map_open_addressing", dependencies: ["utils"], path: "chapter_hashing", sources: ["hash_map_open_addressing.swift"]), // chapter_tree .executableTarget(name: "binary_tree", dependencies: ["utils"], path: "chapter_tree", sources: ["binary_tree.swift"]), .executableTarget(name: "binary_tree_bfs", dependencies: ["utils"], path: "chapter_tree", sources: ["binary_tree_bfs.swift"]), diff --git a/codes/swift/chapter_hashing/array_hash_map.swift b/codes/swift/chapter_hashing/array_hash_map.swift index 54d78da07..82b7ff19a 100644 --- a/codes/swift/chapter_hashing/array_hash_map.swift +++ b/codes/swift/chapter_hashing/array_hash_map.swift @@ -4,16 +4,7 @@ * Author: nuomi1 (nuomi1@qq.com) */ -/* 键值对 */ -class Pair { - var key: Int - var val: String - - init(key: Int, val: String) { - self.key = key - self.val = val - } -} +import utils /* 基于数组简易实现的哈希表 */ class ArrayHashMap { diff --git a/codes/swift/chapter_hashing/hash_map_chaining.swift b/codes/swift/chapter_hashing/hash_map_chaining.swift new file mode 100644 index 000000000..abeebd1ee --- /dev/null +++ b/codes/swift/chapter_hashing/hash_map_chaining.swift @@ -0,0 +1,137 @@ +/** + * File: hash_map_chaining.swift + * Created Time: 2023-06-28 + * Author: nuomi1 (nuomi1@qq.com) + */ + +import utils + +/* 链式地址哈希表 */ +class HashMapChaining { + var size: Int // 键值对数量 + var capacity: Int // 哈希表容量 + var loadThres: Double // 触发扩容的负载因子阈值 + var extendRatio: Int // 扩容倍数 + var buckets: [[Pair]] // 桶数组 + + /* 构造方法 */ + init() { + size = 0 + capacity = 4 + loadThres = 2 / 3 + extendRatio = 2 + buckets = Array(repeating: [], count: capacity) + } + + /* 哈希函数 */ + func hashFunc(key: Int) -> Int { + key % capacity + } + + /* 负载因子 */ + func loadFactor() -> Double { + Double(size / capacity) + } + + /* 查询操作 */ + func get(key: Int) -> String? { + let index = hashFunc(key: key) + let bucket = buckets[index] + // 遍历桶,若找到 key 则返回对应 val + for pair in bucket { + if pair.key == key { + return pair.val + } + } + // 若未找到 key 则返回 nil + return nil + } + + /* 添加操作 */ + func put(key: Int, val: String) { + // 当负载因子超过阈值时,执行扩容 + if loadFactor() > loadThres { + extend() + } + let index = hashFunc(key: key) + let bucket = buckets[index] + // 遍历桶,若遇到指定 key ,则更新对应 val 并返回 + for pair in bucket { + if pair.key == key { + pair.val = val + return + } + } + // 若无该 key ,则将键值对添加至尾部 + let pair = Pair(key: key, val: val) + buckets[index].append(pair) + size += 1 + } + + /* 删除操作 */ + func remove(key: Int) { + let index = hashFunc(key: key) + let bucket = buckets[index] + // 遍历桶,从中删除键值对 + for (pairIndex, pair) in bucket.enumerated() { + if pair.key == key { + buckets[index].remove(at: pairIndex) + } + } + size -= 1 + } + + /* 扩容哈希表 */ + func extend() { + // 暂存原哈希表 + let bucketsTmp = buckets + // 初始化扩容后的新哈希表 + capacity *= extendRatio + buckets = Array(repeating: [], count: capacity) + size = 0 + // 将键值对从原哈希表搬运至新哈希表 + for bucket in bucketsTmp { + for pair in bucket { + put(key: pair.key, val: pair.val) + } + } + } + + /* 打印哈希表 */ + func print() { + for bucket in buckets { + let res = bucket.map { "\($0.key) -> \($0.val)" } + Swift.print(res) + } + } +} + +@main +enum _HashMapChaining { + /* Driver Code */ + static func main() { + /* 初始化哈希表 */ + let map = HashMapChaining() + + /* 添加操作 */ + // 在哈希表中添加键值对 (key, value) + map.put(key: 12836, val: "小哈") + map.put(key: 15937, val: "小啰") + map.put(key: 16750, val: "小算") + map.put(key: 13276, val: "小法") + map.put(key: 10583, val: "小鸭") + print("\n添加完成后,哈希表为\nKey -> Value") + map.print() + + /* 查询操作 */ + // 向哈希表输入键 key ,得到值 value + let name = map.get(key: 13276) + print("\n输入学号 13276 ,查询到姓名 \(name!)") + + /* 删除操作 */ + // 在哈希表中删除键值对 (key, value) + map.remove(key: 12836) + print("\n删除 12836 后,哈希表为\nKey -> Value") + map.print() + } +} diff --git a/codes/swift/chapter_hashing/hash_map_open_addressing.swift b/codes/swift/chapter_hashing/hash_map_open_addressing.swift new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9b26128d8 --- /dev/null +++ b/codes/swift/chapter_hashing/hash_map_open_addressing.swift @@ -0,0 +1,158 @@ +/** + * File: hash_map_open_addressing.swift + * Created Time: 2023-06-28 + * Author: nuomi1 (nuomi1@qq.com) + */ + +import utils + +/* 开放寻址哈希表 */ +class HashMapOpenAddressing { + var size: Int // 键值对数量 + var capacity: Int // 哈希表容量 + var loadThres: Double // 触发扩容的负载因子阈值 + var extendRatio: Int // 扩容倍数 + var buckets: [Pair?] // 桶数组 + var removed: Pair // 删除标记 + + /* 构造方法 */ + init() { + size = 0 + capacity = 4 + loadThres = 2 / 3 + extendRatio = 2 + buckets = Array(repeating: nil, count: capacity) + removed = Pair(key: -1, val: "-1") + } + + /* 哈希函数 */ + func hashFunc(key: Int) -> Int { + key % capacity + } + + /* 负载因子 */ + func loadFactor() -> Double { + Double(size / capacity) + } + + /* 查询操作 */ + func get(key: Int) -> String? { + let index = hashFunc(key: key) + // 线性探测,从 index 开始向后遍历 + for i in stride(from: 0, to: capacity, by: 1) { + // 计算桶索引,越过尾部返回头部 + let j = (index + i) % capacity + // 若遇到空桶,说明无此 key ,则返回 nil + if buckets[j] == nil { + return nil + } + // 若遇到指定 key ,则返回对应 val + if buckets[j]?.key == key, buckets[j] != removed { + return buckets[j]?.val + } + } + return nil + } + + /* 添加操作 */ + func put(key: Int, val: String) { + // 当负载因子超过阈值时,执行扩容 + if loadFactor() > loadThres { + extend() + } + let index = hashFunc(key: key) + // 线性探测,从 index 开始向后遍历 + for i in stride(from: 0, through: capacity, by: 1) { + // 计算桶索引,越过尾部返回头部 + let j = (index + i) % capacity + // 若遇到空桶、或带有删除标记的桶,则将键值对放入该桶 + if buckets[j] == nil || buckets[j] == removed { + buckets[j] = Pair(key: key, val: val) + size += 1 + return + } + // 若遇到指定 key ,则更新对应 val + if buckets[j]?.key == key { + buckets[j]?.val = val + return + } + } + } + + /* 删除操作 */ + func remove(key: Int) { + let index = hashFunc(key: key) + // 线性探测,从 index 开始向后遍历 + for i in stride(from: 0, to: capacity, by: 1) { + // 计算桶索引,越过尾部返回头部 + let j = (index + i) % capacity + // 若遇到空桶,说明无此 key ,则直接返回 + if buckets[j] == nil { + return + } + // 若遇到指定 key ,则标记删除并返回 + if buckets[j]?.key == key { + buckets[j] = removed + size -= 1 + return + } + } + } + + /* 扩容哈希表 */ + func extend() { + // 暂存原哈希表 + let bucketsTmp = buckets + // 初始化扩容后的新哈希表 + capacity *= extendRatio + buckets = Array(repeating: nil, count: capacity) + size = 0 + // 将键值对从原哈希表搬运至新哈希表 + for pair in bucketsTmp { + if let pair, pair != removed { + put(key: pair.key, val: pair.val) + } + } + } + + /* 打印哈希表 */ + func print() { + for pair in buckets { + if let pair { + Swift.print("\(pair.key) -> \(pair.val)") + } else { + Swift.print("null") + } + } + } +} + +@main +enum _HashMapOpenAddressing { + /* Driver Code */ + static func main() { + /* 初始化哈希表 */ + let map = HashMapOpenAddressing() + + /* 添加操作 */ + // 在哈希表中添加键值对 (key, value) + map.put(key: 12836, val: "小哈") + map.put(key: 15937, val: "小啰") + map.put(key: 16750, val: "小算") + map.put(key: 13276, val: "小法") + map.put(key: 10583, val: "小鸭") + print("\n添加完成后,哈希表为\nKey -> Value") + map.print() + + /* 查询操作 */ + // 向哈希表输入键 key ,得到值 value + let name = map.get(key: 13276) + print("\n输入学号 13276 ,查询到姓名 \(name!)") + + /* 删除操作 */ + // 在哈希表中删除键值对 (key, value) + map.remove(key: 16750) + print("\n删除 16750 后,哈希表为\nKey -> Value") + map.print() + } +} diff --git a/codes/swift/utils/Pair.swift b/codes/swift/utils/Pair.swift new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b96825171 --- /dev/null +++ b/codes/swift/utils/Pair.swift @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +/** + * File: Pair.swift + * Created Time: 2023-06-28 + * Author: nuomi1 (nuomi1@qq.com) + */ + +/* 键值对 */ +public class Pair: Equatable { + public var key: Int + public var val: String + + public init(key: Int, val: String) { + self.key = key + self.val = val + } + + public static func == (lhs: Pair, rhs: Pair) -> Bool { + lhs.key == rhs.key && lhs.val == rhs.val + } +} diff --git a/docs/chapter_hashing/hash_map.md b/docs/chapter_hashing/hash_map.md index 00257ea54..dac61e020 100755 --- a/docs/chapter_hashing/hash_map.md +++ b/docs/chapter_hashing/hash_map.md @@ -515,7 +515,20 @@ index = hash(key) % capacity === "Swift" ```swift title="array_hash_map.swift" - [class]{Pair}-[func]{} + /* 键值对 */ + public class Pair: Equatable { + public var key: Int + public var val: String + + public init(key: Int, val: String) { + self.key = key + self.val = val + } + + public static func == (lhs: Pair, rhs: Pair) -> Bool { + lhs.key == rhs.key && lhs.val == rhs.val + } + } [class]{ArrayHashMap}-[func]{} ```