|
|
|
@ -91,7 +91,17 @@ $$
|
|
|
|
|
=== "C"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```c title=""
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// 在某运行平台下
|
|
|
|
|
void algorithm(int n)
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
int a = 2; // 1 ns
|
|
|
|
|
a = a + 1; // 1 ns
|
|
|
|
|
a = a * 2; // 10 ns
|
|
|
|
|
// 循环 n 次
|
|
|
|
|
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { // 1 ns ,每轮都要执行 i++
|
|
|
|
|
printf("%d", 0); // 5 ns
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=== "C#"
|
|
|
|
@ -232,7 +242,25 @@ $$
|
|
|
|
|
=== "C"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```c title=""
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// 算法 A 时间复杂度:常数阶
|
|
|
|
|
void algorithm_A(int n)
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
printf("%d", 0);
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
// 算法 B 时间复杂度:线性阶
|
|
|
|
|
void algorithm_B(int n)
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
|
|
|
|
|
printf("%d", 0);
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
// 算法 C 时间复杂度:常数阶
|
|
|
|
|
void algorithm_C(int n)
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
for (int i = 0; i < 1000000; i++) {
|
|
|
|
|
printf("%d", 0);
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=== "C#"
|
|
|
|
@ -373,7 +401,16 @@ $$
|
|
|
|
|
=== "C"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```c title=""
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
void algorithm(int n)
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
int a = 1; // +1
|
|
|
|
|
a = a + 1; // +1
|
|
|
|
|
a = a * 2; // +1
|
|
|
|
|
// 循环 n 次
|
|
|
|
|
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { // +1(每轮都执行 i ++)
|
|
|
|
|
printf("%d", 0); // +1
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=== "C#"
|
|
|
|
@ -542,7 +579,21 @@ $$
|
|
|
|
|
=== "C"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```c title=""
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
void algorithm(int n)
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
int a = 1; // +0(技巧 1)
|
|
|
|
|
a = a + n; // +0(技巧 1)
|
|
|
|
|
// +n(技巧 2)
|
|
|
|
|
for (int i = 0; i < 5 * n + 1; i++) {
|
|
|
|
|
printf("%d", 0);
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
// +n*n(技巧 3)
|
|
|
|
|
for (int i = 0; i < 2 * n; i++) {
|
|
|
|
|
for (int j = 0; j < n + 1; j++) {
|
|
|
|
|
printf("%d", 0);
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=== "C#"
|
|
|
|
@ -697,7 +748,17 @@ $$
|
|
|
|
|
=== "C"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```c title="time_complexity.c"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 常数阶 */
|
|
|
|
|
int constant(int n)
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
int count = 0;
|
|
|
|
|
int size = 100000;
|
|
|
|
|
int i = 0;
|
|
|
|
|
for(int i = 0; i < size; i++){
|
|
|
|
|
count ++;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
return count;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=== "C#"
|
|
|
|
@ -795,7 +856,15 @@ $$
|
|
|
|
|
=== "C"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```c title="time_complexity.c"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 线性阶 */
|
|
|
|
|
int linear(int n)
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
int count = 0;
|
|
|
|
|
for(int i = 0; i < n; i++){
|
|
|
|
|
count ++;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
return count;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=== "C#"
|
|
|
|
@ -899,7 +968,16 @@ $$
|
|
|
|
|
=== "C"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```c title="time_complexity.c"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 线性阶(遍历数组) */
|
|
|
|
|
int arrayTraversal(int *nums, int n)
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
int count = 0;
|
|
|
|
|
// 循环次数与数组长度成正比
|
|
|
|
|
for(int i = 0; i < n; i++){
|
|
|
|
|
count ++;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
return count;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=== "C#"
|
|
|
|
@ -1012,7 +1090,18 @@ $$
|
|
|
|
|
=== "C"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```c title="time_complexity.c"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 平方阶 */
|
|
|
|
|
int quadratic(int n)
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
int count = 0;
|
|
|
|
|
// 循环次数与数组长度成平方关系
|
|
|
|
|
for(int i = 0; i < n; i++){
|
|
|
|
|
for(int j = 0; j < n; j++){
|
|
|
|
|
count ++;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
return count;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=== "C#"
|
|
|
|
@ -1163,7 +1252,25 @@ $$
|
|
|
|
|
=== "C"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```c title="time_complexity.c"
|
|
|
|
|
/* 平方阶(冒泡排序) */
|
|
|
|
|
int bubbleSort(int *nums, int n)
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
int count = 0; // 计数器
|
|
|
|
|
// 外循环:待排序元素数量为 n-1, n-2, ..., 1
|
|
|
|
|
for(int i = n - 1; i > 0; i--){
|
|
|
|
|
// 内循环:冒泡操作
|
|
|
|
|
for (int j = 0; j < i; j++)
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
// 交换 nums[j] 与 nums[j + 1]
|
|
|
|
|
int tmp = nums[j];
|
|
|
|
|
nums[j] = nums[j + 1];
|
|
|
|
|
nums[j + 1] = tmp;
|
|
|
|
|
count += 3; // 元素交换包含 3 个单元操作
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
return count;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=== "C#"
|
|
|
|
@ -1309,7 +1416,23 @@ $$
|
|
|
|
|
=== "C"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```c title="time_complexity.c"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 指数阶(循环实现) */
|
|
|
|
|
int exponential(int n)
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
int count = 0;
|
|
|
|
|
int bas = 1;
|
|
|
|
|
// cell 每轮一分为二,形成数列 1, 2, 4, 8, ..., 2^(n-1)
|
|
|
|
|
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
for (int j = 0; j < bas; j++)
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
count++;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
bas *= 2;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
// count = 1 + 2 + 4 + 8 + .. + 2^(n-1) = 2^n - 1
|
|
|
|
|
return count;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=== "C#"
|
|
|
|
@ -1414,7 +1537,12 @@ $$
|
|
|
|
|
=== "C"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```c title="time_complexity.c"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 指数阶(递归实现) */
|
|
|
|
|
int expRecur(int n)
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
if (n == 1) return 1;
|
|
|
|
|
return expRecur(n - 1) + expRecur(n - 1) + 1;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=== "C#"
|
|
|
|
@ -1517,7 +1645,17 @@ $$
|
|
|
|
|
=== "C"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```c title="time_complexity.c"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 对数阶(循环实现) */
|
|
|
|
|
int logarithmic(float n)
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
int count = 0;
|
|
|
|
|
while (n > 1)
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
n = n / 2;
|
|
|
|
|
count++;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
return count;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=== "C#"
|
|
|
|
@ -1613,7 +1751,12 @@ $$
|
|
|
|
|
=== "C"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```c title="time_complexity.c"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 对数阶(递归实现) */
|
|
|
|
|
int logRecur(float n)
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
if (n <= 1) return 0;
|
|
|
|
|
return logRecur(n / 2) + 1;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=== "C#"
|
|
|
|
@ -1720,7 +1863,18 @@ $$
|
|
|
|
|
=== "C"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```c title="time_complexity.c"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 线性对数阶 */
|
|
|
|
|
int linearLogRecur(float n)
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
if (n <= 1) return 1;
|
|
|
|
|
int count = linearLogRecur(n / 2) +
|
|
|
|
|
linearLogRecur(n / 2);
|
|
|
|
|
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
count ++;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
return count;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=== "C#"
|
|
|
|
@ -1845,7 +1999,17 @@ $$
|
|
|
|
|
=== "C"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```c title="time_complexity.c"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 阶乘阶(递归实现) */
|
|
|
|
|
int factorialRecur(int n)
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
if (n == 0) return 1;
|
|
|
|
|
int count = 0;
|
|
|
|
|
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
count += factorialRecur(n - 1);
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
return count;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=== "C#"
|
|
|
|
@ -2061,7 +2225,62 @@ $$
|
|
|
|
|
=== "C"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```c title="worst_best_time_complexity.c"
|
|
|
|
|
/* 生成一个数组,元素为 { 1, 2, ..., n },顺序被打乱 */
|
|
|
|
|
int *randomNumbers(int n)
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
// 分配堆区内存(创建一维可变长数组:数组中元素数量为n,元素类型为int)
|
|
|
|
|
int *nums = (int *)malloc(n * sizeof(int));
|
|
|
|
|
// 生成数组 nums = { 1, 2, 3, ..., n }
|
|
|
|
|
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
nums[i] = i + 1;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
// 随机打乱数组元素
|
|
|
|
|
for (int i = n - 1; i > 0; i--)
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
int j = rand() % (i + 1);
|
|
|
|
|
int temp = nums[i];
|
|
|
|
|
nums[i] = nums[j];
|
|
|
|
|
nums[j] = temp;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
return nums;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 查找数组 nums 中数字 1 所在索引 */
|
|
|
|
|
int findOne(int *nums, int n)
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
if (nums[i] == 1) return i;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
return -1;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* Driver Code */
|
|
|
|
|
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
// 初始化随机数种子
|
|
|
|
|
srand((unsigned int)time(NULL));
|
|
|
|
|
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
int n = 100;
|
|
|
|
|
int *nums = randomNumbers(n);
|
|
|
|
|
int index = findOne(nums, n);
|
|
|
|
|
printf("\n数组 [ 1, 2, ..., n ] 被打乱后 = ");
|
|
|
|
|
for (int j = 0; j < n; j++)
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
printf("%d%s", nums[j], (j == n-1)? "" : "," );
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
printf("\n数字 1 的索引为 %d\n", index);
|
|
|
|
|
// 释放堆区内存
|
|
|
|
|
if(nums != NULL){
|
|
|
|
|
free(nums);
|
|
|
|
|
nums = NULL;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
getchar();
|
|
|
|
|
return 0;
|
|
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}
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```
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=== "C#"
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