feat: add ruby code - chapter "divide and conquer" (#1361)

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khoaxuantu 6 months ago committed by GitHub
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=begin
File: binary_search_recur.rb
Created Time: 2024-05-13
Author: Xuan Khoa Tu Nguyen (ngxktuzkai2000@gmail.com)
=end
### 二分查找:问题 f(i, j) ###
def dfs(nums, target, i, j)
# 若区间为空,代表无目标元素,则返回 -1
return -1 if i > j
# 计算中点索引 m
m = (i + j) / 2
if nums[m] < target
# 递归子问题 f(m+1, j)
return dfs(nums, target, m + 1, j)
elsif nums[m] > target
# 递归子问题 f(i, m-1)
return dfs(nums, target, i, m - 1)
else
# 找到目标元素,返回其索引
return m
end
end
### 二分查找 ###
def binary_search(nums, target)
n = nums.length
# 求解问题 f(0, n-1)
dfs(nums, target, 0, n - 1)
end
### Driver Code ###
if __FILE__ == $0
target = 6
nums = [1, 3, 6, 8, 12, 15, 23, 26, 31, 35]
# 二分查找(双闭区间)
index = binary_search(nums, target)
puts "目标元素 6 的索引 = #{index}"
end

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=begin
File: build_tree.rb
Created Time: 2024-05-13
Author: Xuan Khoa Tu Nguyen (ngxktuzkai2000@gmail.com)
=end
require_relative '../utils/tree_node'
require_relative '../utils/print_util'
### 构建二叉树:分治 ###
def dfs(preorder, inorder_map, i, l, r)
# 子树区间为空时终止
return if r - l < 0
# 初始化根节点
root = TreeNode.new(preorder[i])
# 查询 m ,从而划分左右子树
m = inorder_map[preorder[i]]
# 子问题:构建左子树
root.left = dfs(preorder, inorder_map, i + 1, l, m - 1)
# 子问题:构建右子树
root.right = dfs(preorder, inorder_map, i + 1 + m - l, m + 1, r)
# 返回根节点
root
end
### 构建二叉树 ###
def build_tree(preorder, inorder)
# 初始化哈希表,存储 inorder 元素到索引的映射
inorder_map = {}
inorder.each_with_index { |val, i| inorder_map[val] = i }
dfs(preorder, inorder_map, 0, 0, inorder.length - 1)
end
### Driver Code ###
if __FILE__ == $0
preorder = [3, 9, 2, 1, 7]
inorder = [9, 3, 1, 2, 7]
puts "前序遍历 = #{preorder}"
puts "中序遍历 = #{inorder}"
root = build_tree(preorder, inorder)
puts "构建的二叉树为:"
print_tree(root)
end

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=begin
File: hanota.rb
Created Time: 2024-05-13
Author: Xuan Khoa Tu Nguyen (ngxktuzkai2000@gmail.com)
=end
### 移动一个圆盘 ###
def move(src, tar)
# 从 src 顶部拿出一个圆盘
pan = src.pop
# 将圆盘放入 tar 顶部
tar << pan
end
### 求解汉诺塔问题 f(i) ###
def dfs(i, src, buf, tar)
# 若 src 只剩下一个圆盘,则直接将其移到 tar
if i == 1
move(src, tar)
return
end
# 子问题 f(i-1) :将 src 顶部 i-1 个圆盘借助 tar 移到 buf
dfs(i - 1, src, tar, buf)
# 子问题 f(1) :将 src 剩余一个圆盘移到 tar
move(src, tar)
# 子问题 f(i-1) :将 buf 顶部 i-1 个圆盘借助 src 移到 tar
dfs(i - 1, buf, src, tar)
end
### 求解汉诺塔问题 ###
def solve_hanota(_A, _B, _C)
n = _A.length
# 将 A 顶部 n 个圆盘借助 B 移到 C
dfs(n, _A, _B, _C)
end
### Driver Code ###
if __FILE__ == $0
# 列表尾部是柱子顶部
A = [5, 4, 3, 2, 1]
B = []
C = []
puts "初始状态下:"
puts "A = #{A}"
puts "B = #{B}"
puts "C = #{C}"
solve_hanota(A, B, C)
puts "圆盘移动完成后:"
puts "A = #{A}"
puts "B = #{B}"
puts "C = #{C}"
end
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