feat: add ruby code - chapter graph (#1303)

pull/1306/head
khoaxuantu 7 months ago committed by GitHub
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=begin
File: graph_adjacency_list.rb
Created Time: 2024-04-25
Author: Xuan Khoa Tu Nguyen (ngxktuzkai2000@gmail.com)
=end
require_relative '../utils/vertex'
### 基于邻接表实现的无向图类 ###
class GraphAdjList
attr_reader :adj_list
### 构造方法 ###
def initialize(edges)
# 邻接表key顶点value该顶点的所有邻接顶点
@adj_list = {}
# 添加所有顶点和边
for edge in edges
add_vertex(edge[0])
add_vertex(edge[1])
add_edge(edge[0], edge[1])
end
end
### 获取顶点数量 ###
def size
@adj_list.length
end
### 添加边 ###
def add_edge(vet1, vet2)
raise ArgumentError if !@adj_list.include?(vet1) || !@adj_list.include?(vet2)
@adj_list[vet1] << vet2
@adj_list[vet2] << vet1
end
### 删除边 ###
def remove_edge(vet1, vet2)
raise ArgumentError if !@adj_list.include?(vet1) || !@adj_list.include?(vet2)
# 删除边 vet1 - vet2
@adj_list[vet1].delete(vet2)
@adj_list[vet2].delete(vet1)
end
### 添加顶点 ###
def add_vertex(vet)
return if @adj_list.include?(vet)
# 在邻接表中添加一个新链表
@adj_list[vet] = []
end
### 删除顶点 ###
def remove_vertex(vet)
raise ArgumentError unless @adj_list.include?(vet)
# 在邻接表中删除顶点 vet 对应的链表
@adj_list.delete(vet)
# 遍历其他顶点的链表,删除所有包含 vet 的边
for vertex in @adj_list
@adj_list[vertex.first].delete(vet) if @adj_list[vertex.first].include?(vet)
end
end
### 打印邻接表 ###
def __print__
puts '邻接表 ='
for vertex in @adj_list
tmp = @adj_list[vertex.first].map { |v| v.val }
puts "#{vertex.first.val}: #{tmp},"
end
end
end
### Driver Code ###
if __FILE__ == $0
# 初始化无向图
v = vals_to_vets([1, 3, 2, 5, 4])
edges = [
[v[0], v[1]],
[v[0], v[3]],
[v[1], v[2]],
[v[2], v[3]],
[v[2], v[4]],
[v[3], v[4]],
]
graph = GraphAdjList.new(edges)
puts "\n初始化后,图为"
graph.__print__
# 添加边
# 顶点 12 即 v[0]v[2]
graph.add_edge(v[0], v[2])
puts "\n添加边 1-2 后,图为"
graph.__print__
# 删除边
# 顶点 13 即 v[0]v[1]
graph.remove_edge(v[0], v[1])
puts "\n删除边 1-3 后,图为"
graph.__print__
# 添加顶点
v5 = Vertex.new(6)
graph.add_vertex(v5)
puts "\n添加顶点 6 后,图为"
graph.__print__
# 删除顶点
# 顶点 3 即 v[1]
graph.remove_vertex(v[1])
puts "\n删除顶点 3 后,图为"
graph.__print__
end

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=begin
File: graph_adjacency_matrix.rb
Created Time: 2024-04-25
Author: Xuan Khoa Tu Nguyen (ngxktuzkai2000@gmail.com)
=end
require_relative '../utils/print_util'
### 基于邻接矩阵实现的无向图类 ###
class GraphAdjMat
def initialize(vertices, edges)
### 构造方法 ###
# 顶点列表,元素代表“顶点值”,索引代表“顶点索引”
@vertices = []
# 邻接矩阵,行列索引对应“顶点索引”
@adj_mat = []
# 添加顶点
vertices.each { |val| add_vertex(val) }
# 添加边
# 请注意edges 元素代表顶点索引,即对应 vertices 元素索引
edges.each { |e| add_edge(e[0], e[1]) }
end
### 获取顶点数量 ###
def size
@vertices.length
end
### 添加顶点 ###
def add_vertex(val)
n = size
# 向顶点列表中添加新顶点的值
@vertices << val
# 在邻接矩阵中添加一行
new_row = Array.new(n, 0)
@adj_mat << new_row
# 在邻接矩阵中添加一列
@adj_mat.each { |row| row << 0 }
end
### 删除顶点 ###
def remove_vertex(index)
raise IndexError if index >= size
# 在顶点列表中移除索引 index 的顶点
@vertices.delete_at(index)
# 在邻接矩阵中删除索引 index 的行
@adj_mat.delete_at(index)
# 在邻接矩阵中删除索引 index 的列
@adj_mat.each { |row| row.delete_at(index) }
end
### 添加边 ###
def add_edge(i, j)
# 参数 i, j 对应 vertices 元素索引
# 索引越界与相等处理
if i < 0 || j < 0 || i >= size || j >= size || i == j
raise IndexError
end
# 在无向图中,邻接矩阵关于主对角线对称,即满足 (i, j) == (j, i)
@adj_mat[i][j] = 1
@adj_mat[j][i] = 1
end
### 删除边 ###
def remove_edge(i, j)
# 参数 i, j 对应 vertices 元素索引
# 索引越界与相等处理
if i < 0 || j < 0 || i >= size || j >= size || i == j
raise IndexError
end
@adj_mat[i][j] = 0
@adj_mat[j][i] = 0
end
### 打印邻接矩阵 ###
def __print__
puts "顶点列表 = #{@vertices}"
puts '邻接矩阵 ='
print_matrix(@adj_mat)
end
end
### Driver Code ###
if __FILE__ == $0
# 初始化无向图
# 请注意edges 元素代表顶点索引,即对应 vertices 元素索引
vertices = [1, 3, 2, 5, 4]
edges = [[0, 1], [0, 3], [1, 2], [2, 3], [2, 4], [3, 4]]
graph = GraphAdjMat.new(vertices, edges)
puts "\n初始化后,图为"
graph.__print__
# 添加边
# 顶点 1, 2 的索引分别为 0, 2
graph.add_edge(0, 2)
puts "\n添加边 1-2 后,图为"
graph.__print__
# 删除边
# 定点 1, 3 的索引分别为 0, 1
graph.remove_edge(0, 1)
puts "\n删除边 1-3 后,图为"
graph.__print__
# 添加顶点
graph.add_vertex(6)
puts "\n添加顶点 6 后,图为"
graph.__print__
# 删除顶点
# 顶点 3 的索引为 1
graph.remove_vertex(1)
puts "\n删除顶点 3 后,图为"
graph.__print__
end

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=begin
File: graph_bfs.rb
Created Time: 2024-04-25
Author: Xuan Khoa Tu Nguyen (ngxktuzkai2000@gmail.com)
=end
require 'set'
require_relative './graph_adjacency_list'
require_relative '../utils/vertex'
### 广度优先遍历 ###
def graph_bfs(graph, start_vet)
# 使用邻接表来表示图,以便获取指定顶点的所有邻接顶点
# 顶点遍历序列
res = []
# 哈希表,用于记录已被访问过的顶点
visited = Set.new([start_vet])
# 队列用于实现 BFS
que = [start_vet]
# 以顶点 vet 为起点,循环直至访问完所有顶点
while que.length > 0
vet = que.shift # 队首顶点出队
res << vet # 记录访问顶点
# 遍历该顶点的所有邻接顶点
for adj_vet in graph.adj_list[vet]
next if visited.include?(adj_vet) # 跳过已被访问的顶点
que << adj_vet # 只入队未访问的顶点
visited.add(adj_vet) # 标记该顶点已被访问
end
end
# 返回顶点遍历序列
res
end
### Driver Code ###
if __FILE__ == $0
# 初始化无向图
v = vals_to_vets([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9])
edges = [
[v[0], v[1]],
[v[0], v[3]],
[v[1], v[2]],
[v[1], v[4]],
[v[2], v[5]],
[v[3], v[4]],
[v[3], v[6]],
[v[4], v[5]],
[v[4], v[7]],
[v[5], v[8]],
[v[6], v[7]],
[v[7], v[8]],
]
graph = GraphAdjList.new(edges)
puts "\n初始化后,图为"
graph.__print__
# 广度优先遍历
res = graph_bfs(graph, v.first)
puts "\n广度优先便利BFS顶点序列为"
p vets_to_vals(res)
end

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=begin
File: graph_dfs.rb
Created Time: 2024-04-25
Author: Xuan Khoa Tu Nguyen (ngxktuzkai2000@gmail.com)
=end
require 'set'
require_relative './graph_adjacency_list'
require_relative '../utils/vertex'
### 深度优先遍历辅助函数 ###
def dfs(graph, visited, res, vet)
res << vet # 记录访问顶点
visited.add(vet) # 标记该顶点已被访问
# 遍历该顶点的所有邻接顶点
for adj_vet in graph.adj_list[vet]
next if visited.include?(adj_vet) # 跳过已被访问的顶点
# 递归访问邻接顶点
dfs(graph, visited, res, adj_vet)
end
end
### 深度优先遍历 ###
def graph_dfs(graph, start_vet)
# 使用邻接表来表示图,以便获取指定顶点的所有邻接顶点
# 顶点遍历序列
res = []
# 哈希表,用于记录已被访问过的顶点
visited = Set.new
dfs(graph, visited, res, start_vet)
res
end
### Driver Code ###
if __FILE__ == $0
# 初始化无向图
v = vals_to_vets([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6])
edges = [
[v[0], v[1]],
[v[0], v[3]],
[v[1], v[2]],
[v[2], v[5]],
[v[4], v[5]],
[v[5], v[6]],
]
graph = GraphAdjList.new(edges)
puts "\n初始化后,图为"
graph.__print__
# 深度优先遍历
res = graph_dfs(graph, v[0])
puts "\n深度优先遍历DFS顶点序列为"
p vets_to_vals(res)
end

@ -4,6 +4,13 @@ Created Time: 2024-03-18
Author: Xuan Khoa Tu Nguyen (ngxktuzkai2000@gmail.com)
=end
### 打印矩阵 ###
def print_matrix(mat)
s = []
mat.each { |arr| s << " #{arr.to_s}" }
puts "[\n#{s.join(",\n")}\n]"
end
### 打印链表 ###
def print_linked_list(head)
list = []

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=begin
File: vertex.rb
Created Time: 2024-04-25
Author: Xuan Khoa Tu Nguyen (ngxktuzkai2000@gmail.com)
=end
### 顶点类 ###
class Vertex
attr_accessor :val
def initialize(val)
@val = val
end
end
### 输入值列表 vals ,返回顶点列表 vets ###
def vals_to_vets(vals)
Array.new(vals.length) { |i| Vertex.new(vals[i]) }
end
### 输入顶点列表 vets, 返回值列表 vals ###
def vets_to_vals(vets)
Array.new(vets.length) { |i| vets[i].val }
end
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