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@ -6,26 +6,28 @@
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#include "./array_hash_map.cpp"
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/* 开放寻址哈希表 */
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class HashMapOpenAddressing {
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private:
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int size; // 键值对数量
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int capacity; // 哈希表容量
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double loadThres; // 触发扩容的负载因子阈值
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int extendRatio; // 扩容倍数
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vector<Pair *> buckets; // 桶数组
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Pair *removed; // 删除标记
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int size; // 键值对数量
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int capacity = 4; // 哈希表容量
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const double loadThres = 2.0 / 3; // 触发扩容的负载因子阈值
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const int extendRatio = 2; // 扩容倍数
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vector<Pair *> buckets; // 桶数组
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Pair *TOMBSTONE = new Pair(-1, "-1"); // 删除标记
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public:
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/* 构造方法 */
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HashMapOpenAddressing() {
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// 构造方法
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size = 0;
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capacity = 4;
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loadThres = 2.0 / 3.0;
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extendRatio = 2;
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buckets = vector<Pair *>(capacity, nullptr);
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removed = new Pair(-1, "-1");
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HashMapOpenAddressing() : size(0), buckets(capacity, nullptr) {
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}
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/* 析构方法 */
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~HashMapOpenAddressing() {
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for (Pair *pair : buckets) {
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if (pair != nullptr && pair != TOMBSTONE) {
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delete pair;
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}
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}
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delete TOMBSTONE;
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}
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/* 哈希函数 */
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@ -35,67 +37,75 @@ class HashMapOpenAddressing {
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/* 负载因子 */
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double loadFactor() {
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return static_cast<double>(size) / capacity;
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return (double)size / capacity;
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}
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/* 查询操作 */
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string get(int key) {
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/* 搜索 key 对应的桶索引 */
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int findBucket(int key) {
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int index = hashFunc(key);
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// 线性探测,从 index 开始向后遍历
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for (int i = 0; i < capacity; i++) {
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int firstTombstone = -1;
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// 线性探测,当遇到空桶时跳出
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while (buckets[index] != nullptr) {
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// 若遇到 key ,返回对应桶索引
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if (buckets[index]->key == key) {
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// 若之前遇到了删除标记,则将键值对移动至该索引
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if (firstTombstone != -1) {
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buckets[firstTombstone] = buckets[index];
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buckets[index] = TOMBSTONE;
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return firstTombstone; // 返回移动后的桶索引
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}
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return index; // 返回桶索引
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}
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// 记录遇到的首个删除标记
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if (firstTombstone == -1 && buckets[index] == TOMBSTONE) {
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firstTombstone = index;
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}
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// 计算桶索引,越过尾部返回头部
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int j = (index + i) % capacity;
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// 若遇到空桶,说明无此 key ,则返回 nullptr
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if (buckets[j] == nullptr)
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return nullptr;
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// 若遇到指定 key ,则返回对应 val
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if (buckets[j]->key == key && buckets[j] != removed)
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return buckets[j]->val;
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index = (index + 1) % capacity;
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}
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// 若 key 不存在,则返回添加点的索引
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return firstTombstone == -1 ? index : firstTombstone;
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}
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/* 查询操作 */
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string get(int key) {
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// 搜索 key 对应的桶索引
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int index = findBucket(key);
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// 若找到键值对,则返回对应 val
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if (buckets[index] != nullptr && buckets[index] != TOMBSTONE) {
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return buckets[index]->val;
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}
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return nullptr;
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// 若键值对不存在,则返回空字符串
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return "";
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}
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/* 添加操作 */
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void put(int key, string val) {
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// 当负载因子超过阈值时,执行扩容
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if (loadFactor() > loadThres)
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if (loadFactor() > loadThres) {
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extend();
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int index = hashFunc(key);
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// 线性探测,从 index 开始向后遍历
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for (int i = 0; i < capacity; i++) {
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// 计算桶索引,越过尾部返回头部
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int j = (index + i) % capacity;
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// 若遇到空桶、或带有删除标记的桶,则将键值对放入该桶
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if (buckets[j] == nullptr || buckets[j] == removed) {
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buckets[j] = new Pair(key, val);
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size += 1;
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return;
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}
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// 若遇到指定 key ,则更新对应 val
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if (buckets[j]->key == key) {
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buckets[j]->val = val;
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return;
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}
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}
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// 搜索 key 对应的桶索引
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int index = findBucket(key);
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// 若找到键值对,则覆盖 val 并返回
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if (buckets[index] != nullptr && buckets[index] != TOMBSTONE) {
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buckets[index]->val = val;
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return;
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}
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// 若键值对不存在,则添加该键值对
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buckets[index] = new Pair(key, val);
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size++;
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}
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/* 删除操作 */
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void remove(int key) {
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int index = hashFunc(key);
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// 线性探测,从 index 开始向后遍历
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for (int i = 0; i < capacity; i++) {
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// 计算桶索引,越过尾部返回头部
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int j = (index + i) % capacity;
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// 若遇到空桶,说明无此 key ,则直接返回
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if (buckets[j] == nullptr)
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return;
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// 若遇到指定 key ,则标记删除并返回
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if (buckets[j]->key == key) {
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delete buckets[j]; // 释放内存
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buckets[j] = removed;
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size -= 1;
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return;
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}
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// 搜索 key 对应的桶索引
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int index = findBucket(key);
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// 若找到键值对,则用删除标记覆盖它
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if (buckets[index] != nullptr && buckets[index] != TOMBSTONE) {
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delete buckets[index];
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buckets[index] = TOMBSTONE;
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size--;
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}
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}
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@ -109,19 +119,22 @@ class HashMapOpenAddressing {
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size = 0;
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// 将键值对从原哈希表搬运至新哈希表
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for (Pair *pair : bucketsTmp) {
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if (pair != nullptr && pair != removed) {
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if (pair != nullptr && pair != TOMBSTONE) {
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put(pair->key, pair->val);
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delete pair;
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}
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}
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}
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/* 打印哈希表 */
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void print() {
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for (auto &pair : buckets) {
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if (pair != nullptr) {
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cout << pair->key << " -> " << pair->val << endl;
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} else {
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for (Pair *pair : buckets) {
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if (pair == nullptr) {
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cout << "nullptr" << endl;
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} else if (pair == TOMBSTONE) {
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cout << "TOMBSTONE" << endl;
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} else {
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cout << pair->key << " -> " << pair->val << endl;
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}
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}
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}
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@ -129,29 +142,29 @@ class HashMapOpenAddressing {
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/* Driver Code */
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int main() {
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/* 初始化哈希表 */
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HashMapOpenAddressing map = HashMapOpenAddressing();
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// 初始化哈希表
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HashMapOpenAddressing hashmap;
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/* 添加操作 */
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// 在哈希表中添加键值对 (key, value)
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map.put(12836, "小哈");
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map.put(15937, "小啰");
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map.put(16750, "小算");
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map.put(13276, "小法");
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map.put(10583, "小鸭");
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// 添加操作
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// 在哈希表中添加键值对 (key, val)
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hashmap.put(12836, "小哈");
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hashmap.put(15937, "小啰");
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hashmap.put(16750, "小算");
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hashmap.put(13276, "小法");
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hashmap.put(10583, "小鸭");
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cout << "\n添加完成后,哈希表为\nKey -> Value" << endl;
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map.print();
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hashmap.print();
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/* 查询操作 */
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// 向哈希表输入键 key ,得到值 value
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string name = map.get(13276);
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// 查询操作
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// 向哈希表输入键 key ,得到值 val
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string name = hashmap.get(13276);
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cout << "\n输入学号 13276 ,查询到姓名 " << name << endl;
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/* 删除操作 */
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// 在哈希表中删除键值对 (key, value)
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map.remove(16750);
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// 删除操作
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// 在哈希表中删除键值对 (key, val)
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hashmap.remove(16750);
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cout << "\n删除 16750 后,哈希表为\nKey -> Value" << endl;
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map.print();
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hashmap.print();
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return 0;
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}
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