diff --git a/codes/cpp/chapter_tree/binary_search_tree.cpp b/codes/cpp/chapter_tree/binary_search_tree.cpp
index 3df23fc3f..195a1a1ce 100644
--- a/codes/cpp/chapter_tree/binary_search_tree.cpp
+++ b/codes/cpp/chapter_tree/binary_search_tree.cpp
@@ -112,10 +112,15 @@ class BinarySearchTree {
             // 当子节点数量 = 0 / 1 时， child = nullptr / 该子节点
             TreeNode *child = cur->left != nullptr ? cur->left : cur->right;
             // 删除节点 cur
-            if (pre->left == cur)
-                pre->left = child;
-            else
-                pre->right = child;
+            if (cur != root) {
+                if (pre->left == cur)
+                    pre->left = child;
+                else
+                    pre->right = child;
+            } else {
+                // 若删除节点为根节点，则重新指定根节点
+                root = child;
+            }
             // 释放内存
             delete cur;
         }
diff --git a/codes/csharp/chapter_tree/binary_search_tree.cs b/codes/csharp/chapter_tree/binary_search_tree.cs
index 577c26a18..88bd9fe65 100644
--- a/codes/csharp/chapter_tree/binary_search_tree.cs
+++ b/codes/csharp/chapter_tree/binary_search_tree.cs
@@ -21,13 +21,15 @@ class BinarySearchTree {
 
     /* 构建二叉搜索树 */
     public TreeNode? buildTree(int[] nums, int i, int j) {
-        if (i > j) return null;
+        if (i > j)
+            return null;
         // 将数组中间节点作为根节点
         int mid = (i + j) / 2;
         TreeNode root = new TreeNode(nums[mid]);
         // 递归建立左子树和右子树
         root.left = buildTree(nums, i, mid - 1);
         root.right = buildTree(nums, mid + 1, j);
+
         return root;
     }
 
@@ -37,11 +39,14 @@ class BinarySearchTree {
         // 循环查找，越过叶节点后跳出
         while (cur != null) {
             // 目标节点在 cur 的右子树中
-            if (cur.val < num) cur = cur.right;
+            if (cur.val < num) cur =
+                cur.right;
             // 目标节点在 cur 的左子树中
-            else if (cur.val > num) cur = cur.left;
+            else if (cur.val > num)
+                cur = cur.left;
             // 找到目标节点，跳出循环
-            else break;
+            else
+                break;
         }
         // 返回目标节点
         return cur;
@@ -50,24 +55,30 @@ class BinarySearchTree {
     /* 插入节点 */
     public void insert(int num) {
         // 若树为空，直接提前返回
-        if (root == null) return;
+        if (root == null)
+            return;
         TreeNode? cur = root, pre = null;
         // 循环查找，越过叶节点后跳出
         while (cur != null) {
             // 找到重复节点，直接返回
-            if (cur.val == num) return;
+            if (cur.val == num)
+                return;
             pre = cur;
             // 插入位置在 cur 的右子树中
-            if (cur.val < num) cur = cur.right;
+            if (cur.val < num)
+                cur = cur.right;
             // 插入位置在 cur 的左子树中
-            else cur = cur.left;
+            else
+                cur = cur.left;
         }
 
         // 插入节点
         TreeNode node = new TreeNode(num);
         if (pre != null) {
-            if (pre.val < num) pre.right = node;
-            else pre.left = node;
+            if (pre.val < num)
+                pre.right = node;
+            else
+                pre.left = node;
         }
     }
 
@@ -75,29 +86,38 @@ class BinarySearchTree {
     /* 删除节点 */
     public void remove(int num) {
         // 若树为空，直接提前返回
-        if (root == null) return;
+        if (root == null)
+            return;
         TreeNode? cur = root, pre = null;
         // 循环查找，越过叶节点后跳出
         while (cur != null) {
             // 找到待删除节点，跳出循环
-            if (cur.val == num) break;
+            if (cur.val == num)
+                break;
             pre = cur;
             // 待删除节点在 cur 的右子树中
-            if (cur.val < num) cur = cur.right;
+            if (cur.val < num)
+                cur = cur.right;
             // 待删除节点在 cur 的左子树中
-            else cur = cur.left;
+            else
+                cur = cur.left;
         }
         // 若无待删除节点，则直接返回
-        if (cur == null || pre == null) return;
+        if (cur == null || pre == null)
+            return;
         // 子节点数量 = 0 or 1
         if (cur.left == null || cur.right == null) {
             // 当子节点数量 = 0 / 1 时， child = null / 该子节点
             TreeNode? child = cur.left != null ? cur.left : cur.right;
             // 删除节点 cur
-            if (pre.left == cur) {
-                pre.left = child;
+            if (cur != root) {
+                if (pre.left == cur)
+                    pre.left = child;
+                else
+                    pre.right = child;
             } else {
-                pre.right = child;
+                // 若删除节点为根节点，则重新指定根节点
+                root = child;
             }
         }
         // 子节点数量 = 2
diff --git a/codes/dart/chapter_tree/binary_search_tree.dart b/codes/dart/chapter_tree/binary_search_tree.dart
index acc5c3e6d..6ae7f5958 100644
--- a/codes/dart/chapter_tree/binary_search_tree.dart
+++ b/codes/dart/chapter_tree/binary_search_tree.dart
@@ -104,10 +104,16 @@ void remove(int num) {
     // 当子节点数量 = 0 / 1 时， child = null / 该子节点
     TreeNode? child = cur.left ?? cur.right;
     // 删除节点 cur
-    if (pre!.left == cur)
-      pre.left = child;
-    else
-      pre.right = child;
+    if (cur != root) {
+      if (pre!.left == cur)
+        pre.left = child;
+      else
+        pre.right = child;
+    } else {
+      // 若删除节点为根节点，则重新指定根节点
+      root = child;
+    }
+
   } else {
     // 子节点数量 = 2
     // 获取中序遍历中 cur 的下一个节点
diff --git a/codes/go/chapter_tree/binary_search_tree.go b/codes/go/chapter_tree/binary_search_tree.go
index 6cb6554e7..624bd3cfa 100644
--- a/codes/go/chapter_tree/binary_search_tree.go
+++ b/codes/go/chapter_tree/binary_search_tree.go
@@ -128,12 +128,18 @@ func (bst *binarySearchTree) remove(num int) {
 		} else {
 			child = cur.Right
 		}
-		// 将子节点替换为待删除节点
-		if pre.Left == cur {
-			pre.Left = child
+		// 删除节点 cur
+		if cur != bst.root {
+			if pre.Left == cur {
+				pre.Left = child
+			} else {
+				pre.Right = child
+			}
 		} else {
-			pre.Right = child
+			// 若删除节点为根节点，则重新指定根节点
+			bst.root = child
 		}
+
 		// 子节点数为 2
 	} else {
 		// 获取中序遍历中待删除节点 cur 的下一个节点
diff --git a/codes/java/chapter_tree/binary_search_tree.java b/codes/java/chapter_tree/binary_search_tree.java
index 314659668..2abc445e1 100644
--- a/codes/java/chapter_tree/binary_search_tree.java
+++ b/codes/java/chapter_tree/binary_search_tree.java
@@ -109,10 +109,15 @@ class BinarySearchTree {
             // 当子节点数量 = 0 / 1 时， child = null / 该子节点
             TreeNode child = cur.left != null ? cur.left : cur.right;
             // 删除节点 cur
-            if (pre.left == cur)
-                pre.left = child;
-            else
-                pre.right = child;
+            if (cur != root) {
+                if (pre.left == cur)
+                    pre.left = child;
+                else
+                    pre.right = child;
+            } else {
+                // 若删除节点为根节点，则重新指定根节点
+                root = child;
+            }
         }
         // 子节点数量 = 2
         else {
diff --git a/codes/javascript/chapter_tree/binary_search_tree.js b/codes/javascript/chapter_tree/binary_search_tree.js
index a222d1f36..601770d15 100644
--- a/codes/javascript/chapter_tree/binary_search_tree.js
+++ b/codes/javascript/chapter_tree/binary_search_tree.js
@@ -95,8 +95,13 @@ function remove(num) {
         // 当子节点数量 = 0 / 1 时， child = null / 该子节点
         let child = cur.left !== null ? cur.left : cur.right;
         // 删除节点 cur
-        if (pre.left === cur) pre.left = child;
-        else pre.right = child;
+        if (cur != root) {
+            if (pre.left === cur) pre.left = child;
+            else pre.right = child;
+        } else {
+            // 若删除节点为根节点，则重新指定根节点
+            root = child;
+        }
     }
     // 子节点数量 = 2
     else {
diff --git a/codes/python/chapter_tree/binary_search_tree.py b/codes/python/chapter_tree/binary_search_tree.py
index 0c16f5059..209cc0833 100644
--- a/codes/python/chapter_tree/binary_search_tree.py
+++ b/codes/python/chapter_tree/binary_search_tree.py
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ class BinarySearchTree:
 
     def search(self, num: int) -> TreeNode | None:
         """查找节点"""
-        cur: TreeNode | None = self.__root
+        cur: TreeNode | None = self.root
         # 循环查找，越过叶节点后跳出
         while cur is not None:
             # 目标节点在 cur 的右子树中
@@ -60,11 +60,11 @@ class BinarySearchTree:
     def insert(self, num: int) -> None:
         """插入节点"""
         # 若树为空，直接提前返回
-        if self.__root is None:
+        if self.root is None:
             return
 
         # 循环查找，越过叶节点后跳出
-        cur, pre = self.__root, None
+        cur, pre = self.root, None
         while cur is not None:
             # 找到重复节点，直接返回
             if cur.val == num:
@@ -87,11 +87,11 @@ class BinarySearchTree:
     def remove(self, num: int) -> None:
         """删除节点"""
         # 若树为空，直接提前返回
-        if self.__root is None:
+        if self.root is None:
             return
 
         # 循环查找，越过叶节点后跳出
-        cur, pre = self.__root, None
+        cur, pre = self.root, None
         while cur is not None:
             # 找到待删除节点，跳出循环
             if cur.val == num:
@@ -112,10 +112,14 @@ class BinarySearchTree:
             # 当子节点数量 = 0 / 1 时， child = null / 该子节点
             child = cur.left or cur.right
             # 删除节点 cur
-            if pre.left == cur:
-                pre.left = child
+            if cur != self.root:
+                if pre.left == cur:
+                    pre.left = child
+                else:
+                    pre.right = child
             else:
-                pre.right = child
+                # 若删除节点为根节点，则重新指定根节点
+                self.__root = cur
         # 子节点数量 = 2
         else:
             # 获取中序遍历中 cur 的下一个节点
diff --git a/codes/swift/chapter_tree/binary_search_tree.swift b/codes/swift/chapter_tree/binary_search_tree.swift
index 874d0c509..f0be742ca 100644
--- a/codes/swift/chapter_tree/binary_search_tree.swift
+++ b/codes/swift/chapter_tree/binary_search_tree.swift
@@ -123,10 +123,15 @@ class BinarySearchTree {
             // 当子节点数量 = 0 / 1 时， child = null / 该子节点
             let child = cur?.left != nil ? cur?.left : cur?.right
             // 删除节点 cur
-            if pre?.left === cur {
-                pre?.left = child
+            if cur != root {
+                if pre?.left === cur {
+                    pre?.left = child
+                } else {
+                    pre?.right = child
+                }
             } else {
-                pre?.right = child
+                // 若删除节点为根节点，则重新指定根节点
+                root = cur;
             }
         }
         // 子节点数量 = 2
diff --git a/codes/typescript/chapter_tree/binary_search_tree.ts b/codes/typescript/chapter_tree/binary_search_tree.ts
index d2fbf2de6..8a08caa18 100644
--- a/codes/typescript/chapter_tree/binary_search_tree.ts
+++ b/codes/typescript/chapter_tree/binary_search_tree.ts
@@ -110,10 +110,15 @@ function remove(num: number): void {
         // 当子节点数量 = 0 / 1 时， child = null / 该子节点
         let child = cur.left !== null ? cur.left : cur.right;
         // 删除节点 cur
-        if (pre!.left === cur) {
-            pre!.left = child;
+        if (cur != root) {
+            if (pre!.left === cur) {
+                pre!.left = child;
+            } else {
+                pre!.right = child;
+            }
         } else {
-            pre!.right = child;
+            // 若删除节点为根节点，则重新指定根节点
+            root = child;
         }
     }
     // 子节点数量 = 2