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@ -1426,7 +1426,99 @@ The code below provides a simple implementation of a separate chaining hash tabl
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=== "Ruby"
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```ruby title="hash_map_chaining.rb"
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[class]{HashMapChaining}-[func]{}
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### 键式地址哈希表 ###
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class HashMapChaining
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### 构造方法 ###
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def initialize
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@size = 0 # 键值对数量
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@capacity = 4 # 哈希表容量
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@load_thres = 2.0 / 3.0 # 触发扩容的负载因子阈值
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@extend_ratio = 2 # 扩容倍数
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@buckets = Array.new(@capacity) { [] } # 桶数组
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end
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### 哈希函数 ###
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def hash_func(key)
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key % @capacity
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end
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### 负载因子 ###
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def load_factor
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@size / @capacity
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end
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### 查询操作 ###
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def get(key)
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index = hash_func(key)
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bucket = @buckets[index]
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# 遍历桶,若找到 key ,则返回对应 val
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for pair in bucket
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return pair.val if pair.key == key
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end
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# 若未找到 key , 则返回 nil
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nil
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end
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### 添加操作 ###
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def put(key, val)
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# 当负载因子超过阈值时,执行扩容
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extend if load_factor > @load_thres
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index = hash_func(key)
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bucket = @buckets[index]
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# 遍历桶,若遇到指定 key ,则更新对应 val 并返回
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for pair in bucket
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if pair.key == key
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pair.val = val
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return
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end
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end
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# 若无该 key ,则将键值对添加至尾部
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pair = Pair.new(key, val)
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bucket << pair
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@size += 1
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end
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### 删除操作 ###
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def remove(key)
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index = hash_func(key)
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bucket = @buckets[index]
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# 遍历桶,从中删除键值对
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for pair in bucket
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if pair.key == key
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bucket.delete(pair)
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@size -= 1
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break
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end
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end
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end
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### 扩容哈希表 ###
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def extend
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# 暫存原哈希表
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buckets = @buckets
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# 初始化扩容后的新哈希表
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@capacity *= @extend_ratio
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@buckets = Array.new(@capacity) { [] }
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@size = 0
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# 将键值对从原哈希表搬运至新哈希表
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for bucket in buckets
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for pair in bucket
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put(pair.key, pair.val)
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end
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end
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end
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### 打印哈希表 ###
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def print
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for bucket in @buckets
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res = []
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for pair in bucket
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res << "#{pair.key} -> #{pair.val}"
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end
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pp res
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end
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end
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end
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```
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=== "Zig"
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@ -3086,7 +3178,118 @@ The code below implements an open addressing (linear probing) hash table with la
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=== "Ruby"
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```ruby title="hash_map_open_addressing.rb"
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[class]{HashMapOpenAddressing}-[func]{}
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### 开放寻址哈希表 ###
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class HashMapOpenAddressing
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TOMBSTONE = Pair.new(-1, '-1') # 删除标记
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### 构造方法 ###
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def initialize
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@size = 0 # 键值对数量
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@capacity = 4 # 哈希表容量
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@load_thres = 2.0 / 3.0 # 触发扩容的负载因子阈值
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@extend_ratio = 2 # 扩容倍数
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@buckets = Array.new(@capacity) # 桶数组
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end
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### 哈希函数 ###
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def hash_func(key)
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key % @capacity
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end
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### 负载因子 ###
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def load_factor
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@size / @capacity
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end
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### 搜索 key 对应的桶索引 ###
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def find_bucket(key)
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index = hash_func(key)
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first_tombstone = -1
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# 线性探测,当遇到空桶时跳出
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while !@buckets[index].nil?
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# 若遇到 key ,返回对应的桶索引
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if @buckets[index].key == key
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# 若之前遇到了删除标记,则将键值对移动至该索引处
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if first_tombstone != -1
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@buckets[first_tombstone] = @buckets[index]
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@buckets[index] = TOMBSTONE
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return first_tombstone # 返回移动后的桶索引
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end
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return index # 返回桶索引
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end
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# 记录遇到的首个删除标记
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first_tombstone = index if first_tombstone == -1 && @buckets[index] == TOMBSTONE
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# 计算桶索引,越过尾部则返回头部
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index = (index + 1) % @capacity
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end
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# 若 key 不存在,则返回添加点的索引
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first_tombstone == -1 ? index : first_tombstone
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end
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### 查询操作 ###
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def get(key)
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# 搜索 key 对应的桶索引
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index = find_bucket(key)
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# 若找到键值对,则返回对应 val
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return @buckets[index].val unless [nil, TOMBSTONE].include?(@buckets[index])
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# 若键值对不存在,则返回 nil
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nil
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end
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### 添加操作 ###
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def put(key, val)
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# 当负载因子超过阈值时,执行扩容
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extend if load_factor > @load_thres
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# 搜索 key 对应的桶索引
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index = find_bucket(key)
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# 若找到键值对,则覆盖 val 开返回
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unless [nil, TOMBSTONE].include?(@buckets[index])
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@buckets[index].val = val
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return
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end
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# 若键值对不存在,则添加该键值对
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@buckets[index] = Pair.new(key, val)
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@size += 1
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end
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### 删除操作 ###
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def remove(key)
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# 搜索 key 对应的桶索引
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index = find_bucket(key)
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# 若找到键值对,则用删除标记覆盖它
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unless [nil, TOMBSTONE].include?(@buckets[index])
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@buckets[index] = TOMBSTONE
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@size -= 1
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end
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end
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### 扩容哈希表 ###
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def extend
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# 暂存原哈希表
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buckets_tmp = @buckets
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# 初始化扩容后的新哈希表
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@capacity *= @extend_ratio
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@buckets = Array.new(@capacity)
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@size = 0
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# 将键值对从原哈希表搬运至新哈希表
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for pair in buckets_tmp
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put(pair.key, pair.val) unless [nil, TOMBSTONE].include?(pair)
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end
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end
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### 打印哈希表 ###
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def print
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for pair in @buckets
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if pair.nil?
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puts "Nil"
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elsif pair == TOMBSTONE
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puts "TOMBSTONE"
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else
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puts "#{pair.key} -> #{pair.val}"
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end
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end
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end
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end
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```
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=== "Zig"
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