Add the section of counting sort. (#427)
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/**
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* File: bubble_sort.java
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* Created Time: 2023-03-17
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* Author: Krahets (krahets@163.com)
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*/
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package chapter_sorting;
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import java.util.*;
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public class counting_sort {
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/* 计数排序 */
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// 简单实现,无法用于排序对象
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static void countingSortNaive(int[] nums) {
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// 1. 统计数组最大元素 m
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int m = 0;
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for (int num : nums) {
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m = Math.max(m, num);
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}
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// 2. 统计各数字的出现次数
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// counter[num] 代表 num 的出现次数
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int[] counter = new int[m + 1];
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for (int num : nums) {
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counter[num]++;
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}
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// 3. 遍历 counter ,将各元素填入原数组 nums
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int i = 0;
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for (int num = 0; num < m + 1; num++) {
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for (int j = 0; j < counter[num]; j++, i++) {
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nums[i] = num;
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}
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}
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}
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/* 计数排序 */
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// 完整实现,可排序对象,并且是稳定排序
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static void countingSort(int[] nums) {
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// 1. 统计数组最大元素 m
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int m = 0;
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for (int num : nums) {
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m = Math.max(m, num);
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}
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// 2. 统计各数字的出现次数
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// counter[num] 代表 num 的出现次数
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int[] counter = new int[m + 1];
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for (int num : nums) {
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counter[num]++;
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}
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// 3. 求 counter 的前缀和,将“出现次数”转换为“尾索引”
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// 即 counter[num]-1 是 num 在 res 中最后一次出现的索引
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for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) {
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counter[i + 1] += counter[i];
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}
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// 4. 倒序遍历 nums ,将各元素填入结果数组 res
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// 初始化数组 res 用于记录结果
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int n = nums.length;
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int[] res = new int[n];
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for (int i = n - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
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int num = nums[i];
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res[counter[num] - 1] = num; // 将 num 放置到对应索引处
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counter[num]--; // 令前缀和自减 1 ,得到下次放置 num 的索引
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}
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// 使用结果数组 res 覆盖原数组 nums
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for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
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nums[i] = res[i];
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}
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}
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public static void main(String[] args) {
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int[] nums = { 1, 0, 1, 2, 0, 4, 0, 2, 2, 4 };
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countingSortNaive(nums);
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System.out.println("计数排序(无法排序对象)完成后 nums = " + Arrays.toString(nums));
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countingSort(nums);
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System.out.println("计数排序完成后 nums = " + Arrays.toString(nums));
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}
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}
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