Add multi-language code blocks to heap.

docs/chapter_heap/heap.md

@@ -82,6 +82,54 @@ comments: true
     minHeap = new PriorityQueue<>(Arrays.asList(1, 3, 2, 5, 4));
     ```
 
+=== "C++"
+
+    ```cpp title="heap.cpp"
+
+    ```
+
+=== "Python"
+
+    ```python title="heap.py"
+
+    ```
+
+=== "Go"
+
+    ```go title="heap.go"
+
+    ```
+
+=== "JavaScript"
+
+    ```js title="heap.js"
+
+    ```
+
+=== "TypeScript"
+
+    ```typescript title="heap.ts"
+
+    ```
+
+=== "C"
+
+    ```c title="heap.c"
+
+    ```
+
+=== "C#"
+
+    ```csharp title="heap.cs"
+
+    ```
+
+=== "Swift"
+
+    ```swift title="heap.swift"
+
+    ```
+
 ## 堆的实现
 
 下文实现的是「大顶堆」，若想转换为「小顶堆」，将所有大小逻辑判断取逆（例如将 $\geq$ 替换为 $\leq$ ）即可，有兴趣的同学可自行实现。
@@ -125,6 +173,54 @@ comments: true
     }
     ```
 
+=== "C++"
+
+    ```cpp title="my_heap.cpp"
+
+    ```
+
+=== "Python"
+
+    ```python title="my_heap.py"
+
+    ```
+
+=== "Go"
+
+    ```go title="my_heap.go"
+
+    ```
+
+=== "JavaScript"
+
+    ```js title="my_heap.js"
+
+    ```
+
+=== "TypeScript"
+
+    ```typescript title="my_heap.ts"
+
+    ```
+
+=== "C"
+
+    ```c title="my_heap.c"
+
+    ```
+
+=== "C#"
+
+    ```csharp title="my_heap.cs"
+
+    ```
+
+=== "Swift"
+
+    ```swift title="my_heap.swift"
+
+    ```
+
 ### 访问堆顶元素
 
 堆顶元素是二叉树的根结点，即列表首元素。
@@ -138,6 +234,54 @@ comments: true
     }
     ```
 
+=== "C++"
+
+    ```cpp title="my_heap.cpp"
+
+    ```
+
+=== "Python"
+
+    ```python title="my_heap.py"
+
+    ```
+
+=== "Go"
+
+    ```go title="my_heap.go"
+
+    ```
+
+=== "JavaScript"
+
+    ```js title="my_heap.js"
+
+    ```
+
+=== "TypeScript"
+
+    ```typescript title="my_heap.ts"
+
+    ```
+
+=== "C"
+
+    ```c title="my_heap.c"
+
+    ```
+
+=== "C#"
+
+    ```csharp title="my_heap.cs"
+
+    ```
+
+=== "Swift"
+
+    ```swift title="my_heap.swift"
+
+    ```
+
 ### 元素入堆
 
 给定元素 `val` ，我们先将其添加到堆底。添加后，由于 `val` 可能大于堆中其它元素，此时堆的成立条件可能已经被破坏，**因此需要修复从插入结点到根结点这条路径上的各个结点**，该操作被称为「堆化 Heapify」。
@@ -191,6 +335,54 @@ comments: true
     }
     ```
 
+=== "C++"
+
+    ```cpp title="my_heap.cpp"
+
+    ```
+
+=== "Python"
+
+    ```python title="my_heap.py"
+
+    ```
+
+=== "Go"
+
+    ```go title="my_heap.go"
+
+    ```
+
+=== "JavaScript"
+
+    ```js title="my_heap.js"
+
+    ```
+
+=== "TypeScript"
+
+    ```typescript title="my_heap.ts"
+
+    ```
+
+=== "C"
+
+    ```c title="my_heap.c"
+
+    ```
+
+=== "C#"
+
+    ```csharp title="my_heap.cs"
+
+    ```
+
+=== "Swift"
+
+    ```swift title="my_heap.swift"
+
+    ```
+
 ### 堆顶元素出堆
 
 堆顶元素是二叉树根结点，即列表首元素，如果我们直接将首元素从列表中删除，则二叉树中所有结点都会随之发生移位（索引发生变化），这样后续使用堆化修复就很麻烦了。为了尽量减少元素索引变动，采取以下操作步骤：
@@ -270,6 +462,54 @@ comments: true
     }
     ```
 
+=== "C++"
+
+    ```cpp title="my_heap.cpp"
+
+    ```
+
+=== "Python"
+
+    ```python title="my_heap.py"
+
+    ```
+
+=== "Go"
+
+    ```go title="my_heap.go"
+
+    ```
+
+=== "JavaScript"
+
+    ```js title="my_heap.js"
+
+    ```
+
+=== "TypeScript"
+
+    ```typescript title="my_heap.ts"
+
+    ```
+
+=== "C"
+
+    ```c title="my_heap.c"
+
+    ```
+
+=== "C#"
+
+    ```csharp title="my_heap.cs"
+
+    ```
+
+=== "Swift"
+
+    ```swift title="my_heap.swift"
+
+    ```
+
 ### 输入数据并建堆 *
 
 如果我们想要直接输入一个列表并将其建堆，那么该怎么做呢？最直接地，考虑使用「元素入堆」方法，将列表元素依次入堆。元素入堆的时间复杂度为 $O(n)$ ，而平均长度为 $\frac{n}{2}$ ，因此该方法的总体时间复杂度为 $O(n \log n)$ 。
@@ -290,6 +530,54 @@ comments: true
     }
     ```
 
+=== "C++"
+
+    ```cpp title="my_heap.cpp"
+
+    ```
+
+=== "Python"
+
+    ```python title="my_heap.py"
+
+    ```
+
+=== "Go"
+
+    ```go title="my_heap.go"
+
+    ```
+
+=== "JavaScript"
+
+    ```js title="my_heap.js"
+
+    ```
+
+=== "TypeScript"
+
+    ```typescript title="my_heap.ts"
+
+    ```
+
+=== "C"
+
+    ```c title="my_heap.c"
+
+    ```
+
+=== "C#"
+
+    ```csharp title="my_heap.cs"
+
+    ```
+
+=== "Swift"
+
+    ```swift title="my_heap.swift"
+
+    ```
+
 那么，第二种建堆方法的时间复杂度时多少呢？我们来做一下简单推算。
 
 - 完全二叉树中，设结点总数为 $n$ ，则叶结点数量为 $(n + 1) / 2$ ，其中 $/$ 为向下整除。因此在排除叶结点后，需要堆化结点数量为 $(n - 1)/2$ ，即为 $O(n)$ ；