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krahets 7 months ago
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<h3 id="2">2. &nbsp; 并行计算优化<a class="headerlink" href="#2" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3> <h3 id="2">2. &nbsp; 并行计算优化<a class="headerlink" href="#2" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3>
<p>我们知道,分治生成的子问题是相互独立的,<strong>因此通常可以并行解决</strong>。也就是说,分治不仅可以降低算法的时间复杂度,<strong>还有利于操作系统的并行优化</strong></p> <p>我们知道,分治生成的子问题是相互独立的,<strong>因此通常可以并行解决</strong>。也就是说,分治不仅可以降低算法的时间复杂度,<strong>还有利于操作系统的并行优化</strong></p>
<p>并行优化在多核或多处理器的环境中尤其有效,因为系统可以同时处理多个子问题,更加充分地利用计算资源,从而显著减少总体的运行时间。</p> <p>并行优化在多核或多处理器的环境中尤其有效,因为系统可以同时处理多个子问题,更加充分地利用计算资源,从而显著减少总体的运行时间。</p>
<p>比如在图 12-3 所示的“桶排序”中,我们将海量的数据平均分配到各个桶中,则可所有桶的排序任务分散到各个计算单元,完成后再合并结果。</p> <p>比如在图 12-3 所示的“桶排序”中,我们将海量的数据平均分配到各个桶中,则可所有桶的排序任务分散到各个计算单元,完成后再合并结果。</p>
<p><a class="glightbox" href="../divide_and_conquer.assets/divide_and_conquer_parallel_computing.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="桶排序的并行计算" class="animation-figure" src="../divide_and_conquer.assets/divide_and_conquer_parallel_computing.png" /></a></p> <p><a class="glightbox" href="../divide_and_conquer.assets/divide_and_conquer_parallel_computing.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="桶排序的并行计算" class="animation-figure" src="../divide_and_conquer.assets/divide_and_conquer_parallel_computing.png" /></a></p>
<p align="center"> 图 12-3 &nbsp; 桶排序的并行计算 </p> <p align="center"> 图 12-3 &nbsp; 桶排序的并行计算 </p>

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target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">全屏观看 &gt;</a></div></p> <div style="margin-top: 5px;"><a 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target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">全屏观看 &gt;</a></div></p>
</details> </details>
<h2 id="812">8.1.2 &nbsp; 堆的实现<a class="headerlink" href="#812" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <h2 id="812">8.1.2 &nbsp; 堆的实现<a class="headerlink" href="#812" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
<p>下文实现的是大顶堆。若要将其转换为小顶堆,只需将所有大小逻辑判断取逆(例如,将 <span class="arithmatex">\(\geq\)</span> 替换为 <span class="arithmatex">\(\leq\)</span> )。感兴趣的读者可以自行实现。</p> <p>下文实现的是大顶堆。若要将其转换为小顶堆,只需将所有大小逻辑判断进行逆转(例如,将 <span class="arithmatex">\(\geq\)</span> 替换为 <span class="arithmatex">\(\leq\)</span> )。感兴趣的读者可以自行实现。</p>
<h3 id="1">1. &nbsp; 堆的存储与表示<a class="headerlink" href="#1" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3> <h3 id="1">1. &nbsp; 堆的存储与表示<a class="headerlink" href="#1" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3>
<p>“二叉树”章节讲过,完全二叉树非常适合用数组来表示。由于堆正是一种完全二叉树,<strong>因此我们将采用数组来存储堆</strong></p> <p>“二叉树”章节讲过,完全二叉树非常适合用数组来表示。由于堆正是一种完全二叉树,<strong>因此我们将采用数组来存储堆</strong></p>
<p>当使用数组表示二叉树时,元素代表节点值,索引代表节点在二叉树中的位置。<strong>节点指针通过索引映射公式来实现</strong></p> <p>当使用数组表示二叉树时,元素代表节点值,索引代表节点在二叉树中的位置。<strong>节点指针通过索引映射公式来实现</strong></p>

@ -4512,7 +4512,7 @@
</details> </details>
<h2 id="1193">11.9.3 &nbsp; 算法特性<a class="headerlink" href="#1193" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <h2 id="1193">11.9.3 &nbsp; 算法特性<a class="headerlink" href="#1193" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
<ul> <ul>
<li><strong>时间复杂度为 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(n + m)\)</span></strong> :涉及遍历 <code>nums</code> 和遍历 <code>counter</code> ,都使用线性时间。一般情况下 <span class="arithmatex">\(n \gg m\)</span> ,时间复杂度趋于 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(n)\)</span></li> <li><strong>时间复杂度为 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(n + m)\)</span>、非自适应排序</strong> :涉及遍历 <code>nums</code> 和遍历 <code>counter</code> ,都使用线性时间。一般情况下 <span class="arithmatex">\(n \gg m\)</span> ,时间复杂度趋于 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(n)\)</span></li>
<li><strong>空间复杂度为 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(n + m)\)</span>、非原地排序</strong>:借助了长度分别为 <span class="arithmatex">\(n\)</span><span class="arithmatex">\(m\)</span> 的数组 <code>res</code><code>counter</code></li> <li><strong>空间复杂度为 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(n + m)\)</span>、非原地排序</strong>:借助了长度分别为 <span class="arithmatex">\(n\)</span><span class="arithmatex">\(m\)</span> 的数组 <code>res</code><code>counter</code></li>
<li><strong>稳定排序</strong>:由于向 <code>res</code> 中填充元素的顺序是“从右向左”的,因此倒序遍历 <code>nums</code> 可以避免改变相等元素之间的相对位置,从而实现稳定排序。实际上,正序遍历 <code>nums</code> 也可以得到正确的排序结果,但结果是非稳定的。</li> <li><strong>稳定排序</strong>:由于向 <code>res</code> 中填充元素的顺序是“从右向左”的,因此倒序遍历 <code>nums</code> 可以避免改变相等元素之间的相对位置,从而实现稳定排序。实际上,正序遍历 <code>nums</code> 也可以得到正确的排序结果,但结果是非稳定的。</li>
</ul> </ul>

@ -4388,7 +4388,7 @@ x_k = \lfloor\frac{x}{d^{k-1}}\rfloor \bmod d
<h2 id="11102">11.10.2 &nbsp; 算法特性<a class="headerlink" href="#11102" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2> <h2 id="11102">11.10.2 &nbsp; 算法特性<a class="headerlink" href="#11102" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
<p>相较于计数排序,基数排序适用于数值范围较大的情况,<strong>但前提是数据必须可以表示为固定位数的格式,且位数不能过大</strong>。例如,浮点数不适合使用基数排序,因为其位数 <span class="arithmatex">\(k\)</span> 过大,可能导致时间复杂度 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(nk) \gg O(n^2)\)</span></p> <p>相较于计数排序,基数排序适用于数值范围较大的情况,<strong>但前提是数据必须可以表示为固定位数的格式,且位数不能过大</strong>。例如,浮点数不适合使用基数排序,因为其位数 <span class="arithmatex">\(k\)</span> 过大,可能导致时间复杂度 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(nk) \gg O(n^2)\)</span></p>
<ul> <ul>
<li><strong>时间复杂度为 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(nk)\)</span></strong>:设数据量为 <span class="arithmatex">\(n\)</span>、数据为 <span class="arithmatex">\(d\)</span> 进制、最大位数为 <span class="arithmatex">\(k\)</span> ,则对某一位执行计数排序使用 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(n + d)\)</span> 时间,排序所有 <span class="arithmatex">\(k\)</span> 位使用 <span class="arithmatex">\(O((n + d)k)\)</span> 时间。通常情况下,<span class="arithmatex">\(d\)</span><span class="arithmatex">\(k\)</span> 都相对较小,时间复杂度趋向 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(n)\)</span></li> <li><strong>时间复杂度为 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(nk)\)</span>、非自适应排序</strong>:设数据量为 <span class="arithmatex">\(n\)</span>、数据为 <span class="arithmatex">\(d\)</span> 进制、最大位数为 <span class="arithmatex">\(k\)</span> ,则对某一位执行计数排序使用 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(n + d)\)</span> 时间,排序所有 <span class="arithmatex">\(k\)</span> 位使用 <span class="arithmatex">\(O((n + d)k)\)</span> 时间。通常情况下,<span class="arithmatex">\(d\)</span><span class="arithmatex">\(k\)</span> 都相对较小,时间复杂度趋向 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(n)\)</span></li>
<li><strong>空间复杂度为 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(n + d)\)</span>、非原地排序</strong>:与计数排序相同,基数排序需要借助长度为 <span class="arithmatex">\(n\)</span><span class="arithmatex">\(d\)</span> 的数组 <code>res</code><code>counter</code></li> <li><strong>空间复杂度为 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(n + d)\)</span>、非原地排序</strong>:与计数排序相同,基数排序需要借助长度为 <span class="arithmatex">\(n\)</span><span class="arithmatex">\(d\)</span> 的数组 <code>res</code><code>counter</code></li>
<li><strong>稳定排序</strong>:当计数排序稳定时,基数排序也稳定;当计数排序不稳定时,基数排序无法保证得到正确的排序结果。</li> <li><strong>稳定排序</strong>:当计数排序稳定时,基数排序也稳定;当计数排序不稳定时,基数排序无法保证得到正确的排序结果。</li>
</ul> </ul>

@ -3773,7 +3773,9 @@
</code></pre></div> </code></pre></div>
</div> </div>
<div class="tabbed-block"> <div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-12-1" name="__codelineno-12-1" href="#__codelineno-12-1"></a> <div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-12-1" name="__codelineno-12-1" href="#__codelineno-12-1"></a><span class="c1">### 二叉树的数组表示 ###</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-2" name="__codelineno-12-2" href="#__codelineno-12-2"></a><span class="c1"># 使用 nil 来表示空位</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-3" name="__codelineno-12-3" href="#__codelineno-12-3"></a><span class="n">tree</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kp">nil</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">8</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">9</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kp">nil</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kp">nil</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">12</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kp">nil</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kp">nil</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">15</span><span class="o">]</span>
</code></pre></div> </code></pre></div>
</div> </div>
<div class="tabbed-block"> <div class="tabbed-block">

@ -4025,9 +4025,9 @@
<a id="__codelineno-7-6" name="__codelineno-7-6" href="#__codelineno-7-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">right</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">TreeNode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 右子节点指针</span> <a id="__codelineno-7-6" name="__codelineno-7-6" href="#__codelineno-7-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">right</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">TreeNode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 右子节点指针</span>
<a id="__codelineno-7-7" name="__codelineno-7-7" href="#__codelineno-7-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">constructor</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">val?</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">height?</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">left?</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">TreeNode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">right?</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">TreeNode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span> <a id="__codelineno-7-7" name="__codelineno-7-7" href="#__codelineno-7-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">constructor</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">val?</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">height?</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">left?</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">TreeNode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">right?</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">TreeNode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-7-8" name="__codelineno-7-8" href="#__codelineno-7-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">===</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">undefined</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">?</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">val</span><span class="p">;</span> <a id="__codelineno-7-8" name="__codelineno-7-8" href="#__codelineno-7-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">===</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">undefined</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">?</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">val</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-7-9" name="__codelineno-7-9" href="#__codelineno-7-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">height</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">height</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">===</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">undefined</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">?</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">height</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span> <a id="__codelineno-7-9" name="__codelineno-7-9" href="#__codelineno-7-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">height</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">height</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">===</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">undefined</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">?</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">height</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-7-10" name="__codelineno-7-10" href="#__codelineno-7-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">left</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">left</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">===</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">undefined</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">?</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">null</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">left</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span> <a id="__codelineno-7-10" name="__codelineno-7-10" href="#__codelineno-7-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">left</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">left</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">===</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">undefined</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">?</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">null</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">left</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-7-11" name="__codelineno-7-11" href="#__codelineno-7-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">right</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">right</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">===</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">undefined</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">?</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">null</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">right</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span> <a id="__codelineno-7-11" name="__codelineno-7-11" href="#__codelineno-7-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">this</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">right</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">right</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">===</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">undefined</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">?</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">null</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">right</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-7-12" name="__codelineno-7-12" href="#__codelineno-7-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span> <a id="__codelineno-7-12" name="__codelineno-7-12" href="#__codelineno-7-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-7-13" name="__codelineno-7-13" href="#__codelineno-7-13"></a><span class="p">}</span> <a id="__codelineno-7-13" name="__codelineno-7-13" href="#__codelineno-7-13"></a><span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div> </code></pre></div>
@ -4100,7 +4100,18 @@
</code></pre></div> </code></pre></div>
</div> </div>
<div class="tabbed-block"> <div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-12-1" name="__codelineno-12-1" href="#__codelineno-12-1"></a> <div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-12-1" name="__codelineno-12-1" href="#__codelineno-12-1"></a><span class="c1">### AVL 树节点类 ###</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-2" name="__codelineno-12-2" href="#__codelineno-12-2"></a><span class="k">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">TreeNode</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-3" name="__codelineno-12-3" href="#__codelineno-12-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kp">attr_accessor</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ss">:val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># 节点值</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-4" name="__codelineno-12-4" href="#__codelineno-12-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kp">attr_accessor</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ss">:height</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># 节点高度</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-5" name="__codelineno-12-5" href="#__codelineno-12-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kp">attr_accessor</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ss">:left</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># 左子节点引用</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-6" name="__codelineno-12-6" href="#__codelineno-12-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kp">attr_accessor</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ss">:right</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># 右子节点引用</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-7" name="__codelineno-12-7" href="#__codelineno-12-7"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-12-8" name="__codelineno-12-8" href="#__codelineno-12-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">initialize</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-9" name="__codelineno-12-9" href="#__codelineno-12-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="vi">@val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">val</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-10" name="__codelineno-12-10" href="#__codelineno-12-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="vi">@height</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-11" name="__codelineno-12-11" href="#__codelineno-12-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">end</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-12" name="__codelineno-12-12" href="#__codelineno-12-12"></a><span class="k">end</span>
</code></pre></div> </code></pre></div>
</div> </div>
<div class="tabbed-block"> <div class="tabbed-block">

@ -3996,7 +3996,16 @@
</code></pre></div> </code></pre></div>
</div> </div>
<div class="tabbed-block"> <div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-12-1" name="__codelineno-12-1" href="#__codelineno-12-1"></a> <div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-12-1" name="__codelineno-12-1" href="#__codelineno-12-1"></a><span class="c1">### 二叉树节点类 ###</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-2" name="__codelineno-12-2" href="#__codelineno-12-2"></a><span class="k">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">TreeNode</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-3" name="__codelineno-12-3" href="#__codelineno-12-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kp">attr_accessor</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ss">:val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># 节点值</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-4" name="__codelineno-12-4" href="#__codelineno-12-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kp">attr_accessor</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ss">:left</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># 左子节点引用</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-5" name="__codelineno-12-5" href="#__codelineno-12-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kp">attr_accessor</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ss">:right</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># 右子节点引用</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-6" name="__codelineno-12-6" href="#__codelineno-12-6"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-12-7" name="__codelineno-12-7" href="#__codelineno-12-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">initialize</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-8" name="__codelineno-12-8" href="#__codelineno-12-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="vi">@val</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">val</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-9" name="__codelineno-12-9" href="#__codelineno-12-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">end</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-10" name="__codelineno-12-10" href="#__codelineno-12-10"></a><span class="k">end</span>
</code></pre></div> </code></pre></div>
</div> </div>
<div class="tabbed-block"> <div class="tabbed-block">
@ -4211,7 +4220,18 @@
</code></pre></div> </code></pre></div>
</div> </div>
<div class="tabbed-block"> <div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">binary_tree.rb</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-26-1" name="__codelineno-26-1" href="#__codelineno-26-1"></a> <div class="highlight"><span class="filename">binary_tree.rb</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-26-1" name="__codelineno-26-1" href="#__codelineno-26-1"></a><span class="c1"># 初始化二叉树</span>
<a id="__codelineno-26-2" name="__codelineno-26-2" href="#__codelineno-26-2"></a><span class="c1"># 初始化节点</span>
<a id="__codelineno-26-3" name="__codelineno-26-3" href="#__codelineno-26-3"></a><span class="n">n1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="no">TreeNode</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">new</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-26-4" name="__codelineno-26-4" href="#__codelineno-26-4"></a><span class="n">n2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="no">TreeNode</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">new</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-26-5" name="__codelineno-26-5" href="#__codelineno-26-5"></a><span class="n">n3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="no">TreeNode</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">new</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-26-6" name="__codelineno-26-6" href="#__codelineno-26-6"></a><span class="n">n4</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="no">TreeNode</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">new</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-26-7" name="__codelineno-26-7" href="#__codelineno-26-7"></a><span class="n">n5</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="no">TreeNode</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">new</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-26-8" name="__codelineno-26-8" href="#__codelineno-26-8"></a><span class="c1"># 构建节点之间的引用(指针)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-26-9" name="__codelineno-26-9" href="#__codelineno-26-9"></a><span class="n">n1</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">left</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n2</span>
<a id="__codelineno-26-10" name="__codelineno-26-10" href="#__codelineno-26-10"></a><span class="n">n1</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">right</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n3</span>
<a id="__codelineno-26-11" name="__codelineno-26-11" href="#__codelineno-26-11"></a><span class="n">n2</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">left</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n4</span>
<a id="__codelineno-26-12" name="__codelineno-26-12" href="#__codelineno-26-12"></a><span class="n">n2</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">right</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n5</span>
</code></pre></div> </code></pre></div>
</div> </div>
<div class="tabbed-block"> <div class="tabbed-block">
@ -4349,7 +4369,13 @@
</code></pre></div> </code></pre></div>
</div> </div>
<div class="tabbed-block"> <div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">binary_tree.rb</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-40-1" name="__codelineno-40-1" href="#__codelineno-40-1"></a> <div class="highlight"><span class="filename">binary_tree.rb</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-40-1" name="__codelineno-40-1" href="#__codelineno-40-1"></a><span class="c1"># 插入与删除节点</span>
<a id="__codelineno-40-2" name="__codelineno-40-2" href="#__codelineno-40-2"></a><span class="n">_p</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="no">TreeNode</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">new</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-40-3" name="__codelineno-40-3" href="#__codelineno-40-3"></a><span class="c1"># 在 n1 -&gt; n2 中间插入节点 _p</span>
<a id="__codelineno-40-4" name="__codelineno-40-4" href="#__codelineno-40-4"></a><span class="n">n1</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">left</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_p</span>
<a id="__codelineno-40-5" name="__codelineno-40-5" href="#__codelineno-40-5"></a><span class="n">_p</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">left</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n2</span>
<a id="__codelineno-40-6" name="__codelineno-40-6" href="#__codelineno-40-6"></a><span class="c1"># 删除节点</span>
<a id="__codelineno-40-7" name="__codelineno-40-7" href="#__codelineno-40-7"></a><span class="n">n1</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">left</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n2</span>
</code></pre></div> </code></pre></div>
</div> </div>
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