/** * File: subset_sum_ii.c * Created Time: 2023-07-29 * Author: Gonglja (glj0@outlook.com) */ #include "../utils/common.h" #define MAX_SIZE 100 #define MAX_RES_SIZE 100 // 狀態(子集) int state[MAX_SIZE]; int stateSize = 0; // 結果串列(子集串列) int res[MAX_RES_SIZE][MAX_SIZE]; int resColSizes[MAX_RES_SIZE]; int resSize = 0; /* 回溯演算法:子集和 II */ void backtrack(int target, int *choices, int choicesSize, int start) { // 子集和等於 target 時,記錄解 if (target == 0) { for (int i = 0; i < stateSize; i++) { res[resSize][i] = state[i]; } resColSizes[resSize++] = stateSize; return; } // 走訪所有選擇 // 剪枝二:從 start 開始走訪,避免生成重複子集 // 剪枝三:從 start 開始走訪,避免重複選擇同一元素 for (int i = start; i < choicesSize; i++) { // 剪枝一:若子集和超過 target ,則直接跳過 if (target - choices[i] < 0) { continue; } // 剪枝四:如果該元素與左邊元素相等,說明該搜尋分支重複,直接跳過 if (i > start && choices[i] == choices[i - 1]) { continue; } // 嘗試:做出選擇,更新 target, start state[stateSize] = choices[i]; stateSize++; // 進行下一輪選擇 backtrack(target - choices[i], choices, choicesSize, i + 1); // 回退:撤銷選擇,恢復到之前的狀態 stateSize--; } } /* 比較函式 */ int cmp(const void *a, const void *b) { return (*(int *)a - *(int *)b); } /* 求解子集和 II */ void subsetSumII(int *nums, int numsSize, int target) { // 對 nums 進行排序 qsort(nums, numsSize, sizeof(int), cmp); // 開始回溯 backtrack(target, nums, numsSize, 0); } /* Driver Code */ int main() { int nums[] = {4, 4, 5}; int numsSize = sizeof(nums) / sizeof(nums[0]); int target = 9; subsetSumII(nums, numsSize, target); printf("輸入陣列 nums = "); printArray(nums, numsSize); printf("target = %d\n", target); printf("所有和等於 %d 的子集 res = \n", target); for (int i = 0; i < resSize; ++i) { printArray(res[i], resColSizes[i]); } return 0; }