/** * File: coin_change_greedy.java * Created Time: 2023-07-20 * Author: krahets (krahets@163.com) */ package chapter_greedy; import java.util.Arrays; public class coin_change_greedy { /* 零錢兌換:貪婪 */ static int coinChangeGreedy(int[] coins, int amt) { // 假設 coins 串列有序 int i = coins.length - 1; int count = 0; // 迴圈進行貪婪選擇,直到無剩餘金額 while (amt > 0) { // 找到小於且最接近剩餘金額的硬幣 while (i > 0 && coins[i] > amt) { i--; } // 選擇 coins[i] amt -= coins[i]; count++; } // 若未找到可行方案,則返回 -1 return amt == 0 ? count : -1; } public static void main(String[] args) { // 貪婪:能夠保證找到全域性最優解 int[] coins = { 1, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100 }; int amt = 186; int res = coinChangeGreedy(coins, amt); System.out.println("\ncoins = " + Arrays.toString(coins) + ", amt = " + amt); System.out.println("湊到 " + amt + " 所需的最少硬幣數量為 " + res); // 貪婪:無法保證找到全域性最優解 coins = new int[] { 1, 20, 50 }; amt = 60; res = coinChangeGreedy(coins, amt); System.out.println("\ncoins = " + Arrays.toString(coins) + ", amt = " + amt); System.out.println("湊到 " + amt + " 所需的最少硬幣數量為 " + res); System.out.println("實際上需要的最少數量為 3 ,即 20 + 20 + 20"); // 貪婪:無法保證找到全域性最優解 coins = new int[] { 1, 49, 50 }; amt = 98; res = coinChangeGreedy(coins, amt); System.out.println("\ncoins = " + Arrays.toString(coins) + ", amt = " + amt); System.out.println("湊到 " + amt + " 所需的最少硬幣數量為 " + res); System.out.println("實際上需要的最少數量為 2 ,即 49 + 49"); } }