/** * File: coin_change_greedy.js * Created Time: 2023-09-02 * Author: Justin (xiefahit@gmail.com) */ /* 零錢兌換:貪婪 */ function coinChangeGreedy(coins, amt) { // 假設 coins 陣列有序 let i = coins.length - 1; let count = 0; // 迴圈進行貪婪選擇,直到無剩餘金額 while (amt > 0) { // 找到小於且最接近剩餘金額的硬幣 while (i > 0 && coins[i] > amt) { i--; } // 選擇 coins[i] amt -= coins[i]; count++; } // 若未找到可行方案,則返回 -1 return amt === 0 ? count : -1; } /* Driver Code */ // 貪婪:能夠保證找到全域性最優解 let coins = [1, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100]; let amt = 186; let res = coinChangeGreedy(coins, amt); console.log(`\ncoins = ${coins}, amt = ${amt}`); console.log(`湊到 ${amt} 所需的最少硬幣數量為 ${res}`); // 貪婪:無法保證找到全域性最優解 coins = [1, 20, 50]; amt = 60; res = coinChangeGreedy(coins, amt); console.log(`\ncoins = ${coins}, amt = ${amt}`); console.log(`湊到 ${amt} 所需的最少硬幣數量為 ${res}`); console.log('實際上需要的最少數量為 3 ,即 20 + 20 + 20'); // 貪婪:無法保證找到全域性最優解 coins = [1, 49, 50]; amt = 98; res = coinChangeGreedy(coins, amt); console.log(`\ncoins = ${coins}, amt = ${amt}`); console.log(`湊到 ${amt} 所需的最少硬幣數量為 ${res}`); console.log('實際上需要的最少數量為 2 ,即 49 + 49');