/** * File: subset_sum_ii.kt * Created Time: 2024-01-25 * Author: curtishd (1023632660@qq.com) */ package chapter_backtracking.subset_sum_ii /* 回溯演算法:子集和 II */ fun backtrack( state: MutableList, target: Int, choices: IntArray, start: Int, res: MutableList?> ) { // 子集和等於 target 時,記錄解 if (target == 0) { res.add(state.toMutableList()) return } // 走訪所有選擇 // 剪枝二:從 start 開始走訪,避免生成重複子集 // 剪枝三:從 start 開始走訪,避免重複選擇同一元素 for (i in start.. start && choices[i] == choices[i - 1]) { continue } // 嘗試:做出選擇,更新 target, start state.add(choices[i]) // 進行下一輪選擇 backtrack(state, target - choices[i], choices, i + 1, res) // 回退:撤銷選擇,恢復到之前的狀態 state.removeAt(state.size - 1) } } /* 求解子集和 II */ fun subsetSumII(nums: IntArray, target: Int): MutableList?> { val state = mutableListOf() // 狀態(子集) nums.sort() // 對 nums 進行排序 val start = 0 // 走訪起始點 val res = mutableListOf?>() // 結果串列(子集串列) backtrack(state, target, nums, start, res) return res } /* Driver Code */ fun main() { val nums = intArrayOf(4, 4, 5) val target = 9 val res = subsetSumII(nums, target) println("輸入陣列 nums = ${nums.contentToString()}, target = $target") println("所有和等於 $target 的子集 res = $res") }