/** * File: time_complexity.js * Created Time: 2023-01-02 * Author: RiverTwilight (contact@rene.wang) */ /* 常數階 */ function constant(n) { let count = 0; const size = 100000; for (let i = 0; i < size; i++) count++; return count; } /* 線性階 */ function linear(n) { let count = 0; for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) count++; return count; } /* 線性階(走訪陣列) */ function arrayTraversal(nums) { let count = 0; // 迴圈次數與陣列長度成正比 for (let i = 0; i < nums.length; i++) { count++; } return count; } /* 平方階 */ function quadratic(n) { let count = 0; // 迴圈次數與資料大小 n 成平方關係 for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) { for (let j = 0; j < n; j++) { count++; } } return count; } /* 平方階(泡沫排序) */ function bubbleSort(nums) { let count = 0; // 計數器 // 外迴圈:未排序區間為 [0, i] for (let i = nums.length - 1; i > 0; i--) { // 內迴圈:將未排序區間 [0, i] 中的最大元素交換至該區間的最右端 for (let j = 0; j < i; j++) { if (nums[j] > nums[j + 1]) { // 交換 nums[j] 與 nums[j + 1] let tmp = nums[j]; nums[j] = nums[j + 1]; nums[j + 1] = tmp; count += 3; // 元素交換包含 3 個單元操作 } } } return count; } /* 指數階(迴圈實現) */ function exponential(n) { let count = 0, base = 1; // 細胞每輪一分為二,形成數列 1, 2, 4, 8, ..., 2^(n-1) for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) { for (let j = 0; j < base; j++) { count++; } base *= 2; } // count = 1 + 2 + 4 + 8 + .. + 2^(n-1) = 2^n - 1 return count; } /* 指數階(遞迴實現) */ function expRecur(n) { if (n === 1) return 1; return expRecur(n - 1) + expRecur(n - 1) + 1; } /* 對數階(迴圈實現) */ function logarithmic(n) { let count = 0; while (n > 1) { n = n / 2; count++; } return count; } /* 對數階(遞迴實現) */ function logRecur(n) { if (n <= 1) return 0; return logRecur(n / 2) + 1; } /* 線性對數階 */ function linearLogRecur(n) { if (n <= 1) return 1; let count = linearLogRecur(n / 2) + linearLogRecur(n / 2); for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) { count++; } return count; } /* 階乘階(遞迴實現) */ function factorialRecur(n) { if (n === 0) return 1; let count = 0; // 從 1 個分裂出 n 個 for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) { count += factorialRecur(n - 1); } return count; } /* Driver Code */ // 可以修改 n 執行,體會一下各種複雜度的操作數量變化趨勢 const n = 8; console.log('輸入資料大小 n = ' + n); let count = constant(n); console.log('常數階的操作數量 = ' + count); count = linear(n); console.log('線性階的操作數量 = ' + count); count = arrayTraversal(new Array(n)); console.log('線性階(走訪陣列)的操作數量 = ' + count); count = quadratic(n); console.log('平方階的操作數量 = ' + count); let nums = new Array(n); for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) nums[i] = n - i; // [n,n-1,...,2,1] count = bubbleSort(nums); console.log('平方階(泡沫排序)的操作數量 = ' + count); count = exponential(n); console.log('指數階(迴圈實現)的操作數量 = ' + count); count = expRecur(n); console.log('指數階(遞迴實現)的操作數量 = ' + count); count = logarithmic(n); console.log('對數階(迴圈實現)的操作數量 = ' + count); count = logRecur(n); console.log('對數階(遞迴實現)的操作數量 = ' + count); count = linearLogRecur(n); console.log('線性對數階(遞迴實現)的操作數量 = ' + count); count = factorialRecur(n); console.log('階乘階(遞迴實現)的操作數量 = ' + count);