/* * File: hash_map_open_addressing.rs * Created Time: 2023-07-16 * Author: WSL0809 (wslzzy@outlook.com), night-cruise (2586447362@qq.com) */ #![allow(non_snake_case)] #![allow(unused)] mod array_hash_map; use array_hash_map::Pair; /* 開放定址雜湊表 */ struct HashMapOpenAddressing { size: usize, // 鍵值對數量 capacity: usize, // 雜湊表容量 load_thres: f64, // 觸發擴容的負載因子閾值 extend_ratio: usize, // 擴容倍數 buckets: Vec>, // 桶陣列 TOMBSTONE: Option, // 刪除標記 } impl HashMapOpenAddressing { /* 建構子 */ fn new() -> Self { Self { size: 0, capacity: 4, load_thres: 2.0 / 3.0, extend_ratio: 2, buckets: vec![None; 4], TOMBSTONE: Some(Pair { key: -1, val: "-1".to_string(), }), } } /* 雜湊函式 */ fn hash_func(&self, key: i32) -> usize { (key % self.capacity as i32) as usize } /* 負載因子 */ fn load_factor(&self) -> f64 { self.size as f64 / self.capacity as f64 } /* 搜尋 key 對應的桶索引 */ fn find_bucket(&mut self, key: i32) -> usize { let mut index = self.hash_func(key); let mut first_tombstone = -1; // 線性探查,當遇到空桶時跳出 while self.buckets[index].is_some() { // 若遇到 key,返回對應的桶索引 if self.buckets[index].as_ref().unwrap().key == key { // 若之前遇到了刪除標記,則將建值對移動至該索引 if first_tombstone != -1 { self.buckets[first_tombstone as usize] = self.buckets[index].take(); self.buckets[index] = self.TOMBSTONE.clone(); return first_tombstone as usize; // 返回移動後的桶索引 } return index; // 返回桶索引 } // 記錄遇到的首個刪除標記 if first_tombstone == -1 && self.buckets[index] == self.TOMBSTONE { first_tombstone = index as i32; } // 計算桶索引,越過尾部則返回頭部 index = (index + 1) % self.capacity; } // 若 key 不存在,則返回新增點的索引 if first_tombstone == -1 { index } else { first_tombstone as usize } } /* 查詢操作 */ fn get(&mut self, key: i32) -> Option<&str> { // 搜尋 key 對應的桶索引 let index = self.find_bucket(key); // 若找到鍵值對,則返回對應 val if self.buckets[index].is_some() && self.buckets[index] != self.TOMBSTONE { return self.buckets[index].as_ref().map(|pair| &pair.val as &str); } // 若鍵值對不存在,則返回 null None } /* 新增操作 */ fn put(&mut self, key: i32, val: String) { // 當負載因子超過閾值時,執行擴容 if self.load_factor() > self.load_thres { self.extend(); } // 搜尋 key 對應的桶索引 let index = self.find_bucket(key); // 若找到鍵值對,則覆蓋 val 並返回 if self.buckets[index].is_some() && self.buckets[index] != self.TOMBSTONE { self.buckets[index].as_mut().unwrap().val = val; return; } // 若鍵值對不存在,則新增該鍵值對 self.buckets[index] = Some(Pair { key, val }); self.size += 1; } /* 刪除操作 */ fn remove(&mut self, key: i32) { // 搜尋 key 對應的桶索引 let index = self.find_bucket(key); // 若找到鍵值對,則用刪除標記覆蓋它 if self.buckets[index].is_some() && self.buckets[index] != self.TOMBSTONE { self.buckets[index] = self.TOMBSTONE.clone(); self.size -= 1; } } /* 擴容雜湊表 */ fn extend(&mut self) { // 暫存原雜湊表 let buckets_tmp = self.buckets.clone(); // 初始化擴容後的新雜湊表 self.capacity *= self.extend_ratio; self.buckets = vec![None; self.capacity]; self.size = 0; // 將鍵值對從原雜湊表搬運至新雜湊表 for pair in buckets_tmp { if pair.is_none() || pair == self.TOMBSTONE { continue; } let pair = pair.unwrap(); self.put(pair.key, pair.val); } } /* 列印雜湊表 */ fn print(&self) { for pair in &self.buckets { if pair.is_none() { println!("null"); } else if pair == &self.TOMBSTONE { println!("TOMBSTONE"); } else { let pair = pair.as_ref().unwrap(); println!("{} -> {}", pair.key, pair.val); } } } } /* Driver Code */ fn main() { /* 初始化雜湊表 */ let mut hashmap = HashMapOpenAddressing::new(); /* 新增操作 */ // 在雜湊表中新增鍵值對 (key, value) hashmap.put(12836, "小哈".to_string()); hashmap.put(15937, "小囉".to_string()); hashmap.put(16750, "小算".to_string()); hashmap.put(13276, "小法".to_string()); hashmap.put(10583, "小鴨".to_string()); println!("\n新增完成後,雜湊表為\nKey -> Value"); hashmap.print(); /* 查詢操作 */ // 向雜湊表中輸入鍵 key ,得到值 val let name = hashmap.get(13276).unwrap(); println!("\n輸入學號 13276 ,查詢到姓名 {}", name); /* 刪除操作 */ // 在雜湊表中刪除鍵值對 (key, val) hashmap.remove(16750); println!("\n刪除 16750 後,雜湊表為\nKey -> Value"); hashmap.print(); }