/** * File: subset_sum_ii.swift * Created Time: 2023-07-02 * Author: nuomi1 (nuomi1@qq.com) */ /* 回溯算法:子集和 II */ func backtrack(state: inout [Int], target: Int, choices: [Int], start: Int, res: inout [[Int]]) { // 子集和等于 target 时,记录解 if target == 0 { res.append(state) return } // 遍历所有选择 // 剪枝二:从 start 开始遍历,避免生成重复子集 // 剪枝三:从 start 开始遍历,避免重复选择同一元素 for i in choices.indices.dropFirst(start) { // 剪枝一:若子集和超过 target ,则直接结束循环 // 这是因为数组已排序,后边元素更大,子集和一定超过 target if target - choices[i] < 0 { break } // 剪枝四:如果该元素与左边元素相等,说明该搜索分支重复,直接跳过 if i > start, choices[i] == choices[i - 1] { continue } // 尝试:做出选择,更新 target, start state.append(choices[i]) // 进行下一轮选择 backtrack(state: &state, target: target - choices[i], choices: choices, start: i + 1, res: &res) // 回退:撤销选择,恢复到之前的状态 state.removeLast() } } /* 求解子集和 II */ func subsetSumII(nums: [Int], target: Int) -> [[Int]] { var state: [Int] = [] // 状态(子集) let nums = nums.sorted() // 对 nums 进行排序 let start = 0 // 遍历起始点 var res: [[Int]] = [] // 结果列表(子集列表) backtrack(state: &state, target: target, choices: nums, start: start, res: &res) return res } @main enum SubsetSumII { /* Driver Code */ static func main() { let nums = [4, 4, 5] let target = 9 let res = subsetSumII(nums: nums, target: target) print("输入数组 nums = \(nums), target = \(target)") print("所有和等于 \(target) 的子集 res = \(res)") } }