/** * File: array_queue.js * Created Time: 2022-12-13 * Author: S-N-O-R-L-A-X (snorlax.xu@outlook.com) */ /* 基于环形数组实现的队列 */ class ArrayQueue { #queue; // 用于存储队列元素的数组 #front = 0; // 头指针,指向队首 #rear = 0; // 尾指针,指向队尾 + 1 #CAPACITY = 1e5; constructor(capacity) { this.#queue = new Array(capacity ?? this.CAPACITY); } /* 获取队列的容量 */ get capacity() { return this.#queue.length; } /* 获取队列的长度 */ get size() { // 由于将数组看作为环形,可能 rear < front ,因此需要取余数 return (this.capacity + this.#rear - this.#front) % this.capacity; } /* 判断队列是否为空 */ empty() { return this.#rear - this.#front == 0; } /* 入队 */ offer(num) { if (this.size == this.capacity) { console.log("队列已满"); return; } // 尾结点后添加 num this.#queue[this.#rear] = num; // 尾指针向后移动一位,越过尾部后返回到数组头部 this.#rear = (this.#rear + 1) % this.capacity; } /* 出队 */ poll() { const num = this.peek(); // 队头指针向后移动一位,若越过尾部则返回到数组头部 this.#front = (this.#front + 1) % this.capacity; return num; } /* 访问队首元素 */ peek() { // 删除头结点 if (this.empty()) throw new Error("The queue is empty!"); return this.#queue[this.#front]; } /* 访问指定索引元素 */ get(index) { if (index >= this.size) throw new Error("Index out of bounds!"); return this.#queue[(this.#front + index) % this.capacity]; } /* 返回 Array */ toArray() { const siz = this.size; const cap = this.capacity; // 仅转换有效长度范围内的列表元素 const arr = new Array(siz); for (let i = 0, j = this.#front; i < siz; i++, j++) { arr[i] = this.#queue[j % cap]; } return arr; } } /* 初始化队列 */ const capacity = 10; const queue = new ArrayQueue(capacity); /* 元素入队 */ queue.offer(1); queue.offer(3); queue.offer(2); queue.offer(5); queue.offer(4); console.log("队列 queue = "); console.log(queue.toArray()); /* 访问队首元素 */ const peek = queue.peek(); console.log("队首元素 peek = " + peek); /* 访问指定索引元素 */ const num = queue.get(2); console.log("队列第 3 个元素为 num = " + num); /* 元素出队 */ const poll = queue.poll(); console.log("出队元素 poll = " + poll + ",出队后 queue = "); console.log(queue.toArray()); /* 获取队列的长度 */ const size = queue.size; console.log("队列长度 size = " + size); /* 判断队列是否为空 */ const empty = queue.empty(); console.log("队列是否为空 = " + empty); /* 测试环形数组 */ for (let i = 0; i < 10; i++) { queue.offer(i); queue.poll(); console.log("第 " + i + " 轮入队 + 出队后 queue = "); console.log(queue.toArray()); }