/** * File: subset_sum_ii.cs * Created Time: 2023-06-25 * Author: hpstory (hpstory1024@163.com) */ namespace hello_algo.chapter_backtracking; public class subset_sum_ii { /* 回溯算法:子集和 II */ public static void backtrack(List state, int target, int[] choices, int start, List> res) { // 子集和等于 target 时,记录解 if (target == 0) { res.Add(new List(state)); return; } // 遍历所有选择 // 剪枝二:从 start 开始遍历,避免生成重复子集 // 剪枝三:从 start 开始遍历,避免重复选择同一元素 for (int i = start; i < choices.Length; i++) { // 剪枝一:若子集和超过 target ,则直接结束循环 // 这是因为数组已排序,后边元素更大,子集和一定超过 target if (target - choices[i] < 0) { break; } // 剪枝四:如果该元素与左边元素相等,说明该搜索分支重复,直接跳过 if (i > start && choices[i] == choices[i - 1]) { continue; } // 尝试:做出选择,更新 target, start state.Add(choices[i]); // 进行下一轮选择 backtrack(state, target - choices[i], choices, i + 1, res); // 回退:撤销选择,恢复到之前的状态 state.RemoveAt(state.Count - 1); } } /* 求解子集和 II */ public static List> subsetSumII(int[] nums, int target) { List state = new List(); // 状态(子集) Array.Sort(nums); // 对 nums 进行排序 int start = 0; // 遍历起始点 List> res = new List>(); // 结果列表(子集列表) backtrack(state, target, nums, start, res); return res; } [Test] public void Test() { int[] nums = { 4, 4, 5 }; int target = 9; List> res = subsetSumII(nums, target); Console.WriteLine("输入数组 nums = " + string.Join(", ", nums) + ", target = " + target); Console.WriteLine("所有和等于 " + target + " 的子集 res = "); foreach (var subset in res) { PrintUtil.PrintList(subset); } } }