""" File: avl_tree.py Created Time: 2022-12-20 Author: a16su (lpluls001@gmail.com) """ import sys from pathlib import Path sys.path.append(str(Path(__file__).parent.parent)) from modules import TreeNode, print_tree class AVLTree: """AVL 樹""" def __init__(self): """建構子""" self._root = None def get_root(self) -> TreeNode | None: """獲取二元樹根節點""" return self._root def height(self, node: TreeNode | None) -> int: """獲取節點高度""" # 空節點高度為 -1 ,葉節點高度為 0 if node is not None: return node.height return -1 def update_height(self, node: TreeNode | None): """更新節點高度""" # 節點高度等於最高子樹高度 + 1 node.height = max([self.height(node.left), self.height(node.right)]) + 1 def balance_factor(self, node: TreeNode | None) -> int: """獲取平衡因子""" # 空節點平衡因子為 0 if node is None: return 0 # 節點平衡因子 = 左子樹高度 - 右子樹高度 return self.height(node.left) - self.height(node.right) def right_rotate(self, node: TreeNode | None) -> TreeNode | None: """右旋操作""" child = node.left grand_child = child.right # 以 child 為原點,將 node 向右旋轉 child.right = node node.left = grand_child # 更新節點高度 self.update_height(node) self.update_height(child) # 返回旋轉後子樹的根節點 return child def left_rotate(self, node: TreeNode | None) -> TreeNode | None: """左旋操作""" child = node.right grand_child = child.left # 以 child 為原點,將 node 向左旋轉 child.left = node node.right = grand_child # 更新節點高度 self.update_height(node) self.update_height(child) # 返回旋轉後子樹的根節點 return child def rotate(self, node: TreeNode | None) -> TreeNode | None: """執行旋轉操作,使該子樹重新恢復平衡""" # 獲取節點 node 的平衡因子 balance_factor = self.balance_factor(node) # 左偏樹 if balance_factor > 1: if self.balance_factor(node.left) >= 0: # 右旋 return self.right_rotate(node) else: # 先左旋後右旋 node.left = self.left_rotate(node.left) return self.right_rotate(node) # 右偏樹 elif balance_factor < -1: if self.balance_factor(node.right) <= 0: # 左旋 return self.left_rotate(node) else: # 先右旋後左旋 node.right = self.right_rotate(node.right) return self.left_rotate(node) # 平衡樹,無須旋轉,直接返回 return node def insert(self, val): """插入節點""" self._root = self.insert_helper(self._root, val) def insert_helper(self, node: TreeNode | None, val: int) -> TreeNode: """遞迴插入節點(輔助方法)""" if node is None: return TreeNode(val) # 1. 查詢插入位置並插入節點 if val < node.val: node.left = self.insert_helper(node.left, val) elif val > node.val: node.right = self.insert_helper(node.right, val) else: # 重複節點不插入,直接返回 return node # 更新節點高度 self.update_height(node) # 2. 執行旋轉操作,使該子樹重新恢復平衡 return self.rotate(node) def remove(self, val: int): """刪除節點""" self._root = self.remove_helper(self._root, val) def remove_helper(self, node: TreeNode | None, val: int) -> TreeNode | None: """遞迴刪除節點(輔助方法)""" if node is None: return None # 1. 查詢節點並刪除 if val < node.val: node.left = self.remove_helper(node.left, val) elif val > node.val: node.right = self.remove_helper(node.right, val) else: if node.left is None or node.right is None: child = node.left or node.right # 子節點數量 = 0 ,直接刪除 node 並返回 if child is None: return None # 子節點數量 = 1 ,直接刪除 node else: node = child else: # 子節點數量 = 2 ,則將中序走訪的下個節點刪除,並用該節點替換當前節點 temp = node.right while temp.left is not None: temp = temp.left node.right = self.remove_helper(node.right, temp.val) node.val = temp.val # 更新節點高度 self.update_height(node) # 2. 執行旋轉操作,使該子樹重新恢復平衡 return self.rotate(node) def search(self, val: int) -> TreeNode | None: """查詢節點""" cur = self._root # 迴圈查詢,越過葉節點後跳出 while cur is not None: # 目標節點在 cur 的右子樹中 if cur.val < val: cur = cur.right # 目標節點在 cur 的左子樹中 elif cur.val > val: cur = cur.left # 找到目標節點,跳出迴圈 else: break # 返回目標節點 return cur """Driver Code""" if __name__ == "__main__": def test_insert(tree: AVLTree, val: int): tree.insert(val) print("\n插入節點 {} 後,AVL 樹為".format(val)) print_tree(tree.get_root()) def test_remove(tree: AVLTree, val: int): tree.remove(val) print("\n刪除節點 {} 後,AVL 樹為".format(val)) print_tree(tree.get_root()) # 初始化空 AVL 樹 avl_tree = AVLTree() # 插入節點 # 請關注插入節點後,AVL 樹是如何保持平衡的 for val in [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 7, 9, 10, 6]: test_insert(avl_tree, val) # 插入重複節點 test_insert(avl_tree, 7) # 刪除節點 # 請關注刪除節點後,AVL 樹是如何保持平衡的 test_remove(avl_tree, 8) # 刪除度為 0 的節點 test_remove(avl_tree, 5) # 刪除度為 1 的節點 test_remove(avl_tree, 4) # 刪除度為 2 的節點 result_node = avl_tree.search(7) print("\n查詢到的節點物件為 {},節點值 = {}".format(result_node, result_node.val))