/* * File: permutations_i.rs * Created Time: 2023-07-15 * Author: codingonion (coderonion@gmail.com) */ /* 回溯演算法:全排列 I */ fn backtrack(mut state: Vec, choices: &[i32], selected: &mut [bool], res: &mut Vec>) { // 當狀態長度等於元素數量時,記錄解 if state.len() == choices.len() { res.push(state); return; } // 走訪所有選擇 for i in 0..choices.len() { let choice = choices[i]; // 剪枝:不允許重複選擇元素 if !selected[i] { // 嘗試:做出選擇,更新狀態 selected[i] = true; state.push(choice); // 進行下一輪選擇 backtrack(state.clone(), choices, selected, res); // 回退:撤銷選擇,恢復到之前的狀態 selected[i] = false; state.pop(); } } } /* 全排列 I */ fn permutations_i(nums: &mut [i32]) -> Vec> { let mut res = Vec::new(); // 狀態(子集) backtrack(Vec::new(), nums, &mut vec![false; nums.len()], &mut res); res } /* Driver Code */ pub fn main() { let mut nums = [1, 2, 3]; let res = permutations_i(&mut nums); println!("輸入陣列 nums = {:?}", &nums); println!("所有排列 res = {:?}", &res); }