/** * File: subset_sum_ii.c * Created Time: 2023-07-29 * Author: Gonglja (glj0@outlook.com) */ #include "../utils/common.h" /* 回溯算法:子集和 II */ void backtrack(vector *state, int target, vector *choices, int start, vector *res) { // 子集和等于 target 时,记录解 if (target == 0) { vector *tmpVector = newVector(); for (int i = 0; i < state->size; i++) { vectorPushback(tmpVector, state->data[i], sizeof(int)); } vectorPushback(res, tmpVector, sizeof(vector)); return; } // 遍历所有选择 // 剪枝二:从 start 开始遍历,避免生成重复子集 // 剪枝三:从 start 开始遍历,避免重复选择同一元素 for (int i = start; i < choices->size; i++) { // 剪枝一:若子集和超过 target ,则直接结束循环 // 这是因为数组已排序,后边元素更大,子集和一定超过 target if (target - *(int *)(choices->data[i]) < 0) { continue; } // 剪枝四:如果该元素与左边元素相等,说明该搜索分支重复,直接跳过 if (i > start && *(int *)(choices->data[i]) == *(int *)(choices->data[i - 1])) { continue; } // 尝试:做出选择,更新 target, start vectorPushback(state, choices->data[i], sizeof(int)); // 进行下一轮选择 backtrack(state, target - *(int *)(choices->data[i]), choices, i + 1, res); // 回退:撤销选择,恢复到之前的状态 vectorPopback(state); } } /* 比较规则 */ int comp(const void *a, const void *b) { return *(int *)a - *(int *)b; } /* 求解子集和 II */ vector *subsetSumII(vector *nums, int target) { vector *state = newVector(); // 状态(子集) qsort(nums->data, nums->size, sizeof(int *), comp); // 对 nums 进行排序 int start = 0; // 子集和 vector *res = newVector(); // 结果列表(子集列表) backtrack(state, target, nums, start, res); return res; } /* 打印向量中的元素 */ void printFunc(vector *v, void *p) { int *node = p; printf("%d", *node); } /* Driver Code */ int main() { int nums[] = {4, 4, 5}; vector *iNums = newVector(); for (int i = 0; i < sizeof(nums) / sizeof(nums[0]); i++) { vectorPushback(iNums, &nums[i], sizeof(int)); } int target = 9; vector *res = subsetSumII(iNums, target); printf("输入数组 nums = "); printVector(iNums, printFunc); printf("target = %d\n", target); printf("所有和等于 %d 的子集 res = \r\n", target); printVectorMatrix(res, printFunc); delVector(iNums); delVector(res); return 0; }