/** * File: time_complexity.cpp * Created Time: 2022-11-25 * Author: krahets (krahets@163.com) */ #include "../utils/common.hpp" /* 常數階 */ int constant(int n) { int count = 0; int size = 100000; for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) count++; return count; } /* 線性階 */ int linear(int n) { int count = 0; for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) count++; return count; } /* 線性階(走訪陣列) */ int arrayTraversal(vector &nums) { int count = 0; // 迴圈次數與陣列長度成正比 for (int num : nums) { count++; } return count; } /* 平方階 */ int quadratic(int n) { int count = 0; // 迴圈次數與資料大小 n 成平方關係 for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) { count++; } } return count; } /* 平方階(泡沫排序) */ int bubbleSort(vector &nums) { int count = 0; // 計數器 // 外迴圈:未排序區間為 [0, i] for (int i = nums.size() - 1; i > 0; i--) { // 內迴圈:將未排序區間 [0, i] 中的最大元素交換至該區間的最右端 for (int j = 0; j < i; j++) { if (nums[j] > nums[j + 1]) { // 交換 nums[j] 與 nums[j + 1] int tmp = nums[j]; nums[j] = nums[j + 1]; nums[j + 1] = tmp; count += 3; // 元素交換包含 3 個單元操作 } } } return count; } /* 指數階(迴圈實現) */ int exponential(int n) { int count = 0, base = 1; // 細胞每輪一分為二,形成數列 1, 2, 4, 8, ..., 2^(n-1) for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { for (int j = 0; j < base; j++) { count++; } base *= 2; } // count = 1 + 2 + 4 + 8 + .. + 2^(n-1) = 2^n - 1 return count; } /* 指數階(遞迴實現) */ int expRecur(int n) { if (n == 1) return 1; return expRecur(n - 1) + expRecur(n - 1) + 1; } /* 對數階(迴圈實現) */ int logarithmic(int n) { int count = 0; while (n > 1) { n = n / 2; count++; } return count; } /* 對數階(遞迴實現) */ int logRecur(int n) { if (n <= 1) return 0; return logRecur(n / 2) + 1; } /* 線性對數階 */ int linearLogRecur(int n) { if (n <= 1) return 1; int count = linearLogRecur(n / 2) + linearLogRecur(n / 2); for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { count++; } return count; } /* 階乘階(遞迴實現) */ int factorialRecur(int n) { if (n == 0) return 1; int count = 0; // 從 1 個分裂出 n 個 for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { count += factorialRecur(n - 1); } return count; } /* Driver Code */ int main() { // 可以修改 n 執行,體會一下各種複雜度的操作數量變化趨勢 int n = 8; cout << "輸入資料大小 n = " << n << endl; int count = constant(n); cout << "常數階的操作數量 = " << count << endl; count = linear(n); cout << "線性階的操作數量 = " << count << endl; vector arr(n); count = arrayTraversal(arr); cout << "線性階(走訪陣列)的操作數量 = " << count << endl; count = quadratic(n); cout << "平方階的操作數量 = " << count << endl; vector nums(n); for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) nums[i] = n - i; // [n,n-1,...,2,1] count = bubbleSort(nums); cout << "平方階(泡沫排序)的操作數量 = " << count << endl; count = exponential(n); cout << "指數階(迴圈實現)的操作數量 = " << count << endl; count = expRecur(n); cout << "指數階(遞迴實現)的操作數量 = " << count << endl; count = logarithmic(n); cout << "對數階(迴圈實現)的操作數量 = " << count << endl; count = logRecur(n); cout << "對數階(遞迴實現)的操作數量 = " << count << endl; count = linearLogRecur(n); cout << "線性對數階(遞迴實現)的操作數量 = " << count << endl; count = factorialRecur(n); cout << "階乘階(遞迴實現)的操作數量 = " << count << endl; return 0; }