/* * File: binary_search_tree.cpp * Created Time: 2022-11-25 * Author: Krahets (krahets@163.com) */ #include "../include/include.hpp" /* 二叉搜索树 */ class BinarySearchTree { private: TreeNode* root; public: BinarySearchTree(vector nums) { sort(nums.begin(), nums.end()); // 排序数组 root = buildTree(nums, 0, nums.size() - 1); // 构建二叉搜索树 } /* 获取二叉树根结点 */ TreeNode* getRoot() { return root; } /* 构建二叉搜索树 */ TreeNode* buildTree(vector nums, int i, int j) { if (i > j) return nullptr; // 将数组中间结点作为根结点 int mid = (i + j) / 2; TreeNode* root = new TreeNode(nums[mid]); // 递归建立左子树和右子树 root->left = buildTree(nums, i, mid - 1); root->right = buildTree(nums, mid + 1, j); return root; } /* 查找结点 */ TreeNode* search(int num) { TreeNode* cur = root; // 循环查找,越过叶结点后跳出 while (cur != nullptr) { // 目标结点在 root 的右子树中 if (cur->val < num) cur = cur->right; // 目标结点在 root 的左子树中 else if (cur->val > num) cur = cur->left; // 找到目标结点,跳出循环 else break; } // 返回目标结点 return cur; } /* 插入结点 */ TreeNode* insert(int num) { // 若树为空,直接提前返回 if (root == nullptr) return nullptr; TreeNode *cur = root, *pre = nullptr; // 循环查找,越过叶结点后跳出 while (cur != nullptr) { // 找到重复结点,直接返回 if (cur->val == num) return nullptr; pre = cur; // 插入位置在 root 的右子树中 if (cur->val < num) cur = cur->right; // 插入位置在 root 的左子树中 else cur = cur->left; } // 插入结点 val TreeNode* node = new TreeNode(num); if (pre->val < num) pre->right = node; else pre->left = node; return node; } /* 删除结点 */ TreeNode* remove(int num) { // 若树为空,直接提前返回 if (root == nullptr) return nullptr; TreeNode *cur = root, *pre = nullptr; // 循环查找,越过叶结点后跳出 while (cur != nullptr) { // 找到待删除结点,跳出循环 if (cur->val == num) break; pre = cur; // 待删除结点在 root 的右子树中 if (cur->val < num) cur = cur->right; // 待删除结点在 root 的左子树中 else cur = cur->left; } // 若无待删除结点,则直接返回 if (cur == nullptr) return nullptr; // 子结点数量 = 0 or 1 if (cur->left == nullptr || cur->right == nullptr) { // 当子结点数量 = 0 / 1 时, child = nullptr / 该子结点 TreeNode* child = cur->left != nullptr ? cur->left : cur->right; // 删除结点 cur if (pre->left == cur) pre->left = child; else pre->right = child; // 释放内存 delete cur; } // 子结点数量 = 2 else { // 获取中序遍历中 cur 的下一个结点 TreeNode* nex = getInOrderNext(cur->right); int tmp = nex->val; // 递归删除结点 nex remove(nex->val); // 将 nex 的值复制给 cur cur->val = tmp; } return cur; } /* 获取中序遍历中的下一个结点(仅适用于 root 有左子结点的情况) */ TreeNode* getInOrderNext(TreeNode* root) { if (root == nullptr) return root; // 循环访问左子结点,直到叶结点时为最小结点,跳出 while (root->left != nullptr) { root = root->left; } return root; } }; /* Driver Code */ int main() { /* 初始化二叉搜索树 */ vector nums = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 }; BinarySearchTree* bst = new BinarySearchTree(nums); cout << endl << "初始化的二叉树为\n" << endl; PrintUtil::printTree(bst->getRoot()); /* 查找结点 */ TreeNode* node = bst->search(5); cout << endl << "查找到的结点对象为 " << node << ",结点值 = " << node->val << endl; /* 插入结点 */ node = bst->insert(16); cout << endl << "插入结点 16 后,二叉树为\n" << endl; PrintUtil::printTree(bst->getRoot()); /* 删除结点 */ bst->remove(1); cout << endl << "删除结点 1 后,二叉树为\n" << endl; PrintUtil::printTree(bst->getRoot()); bst->remove(2); cout << endl << "删除结点 2 后,二叉树为\n" << endl; PrintUtil::printTree(bst->getRoot()); bst->remove(4); cout << endl << "删除结点 4 后,二叉树为\n" << endl; PrintUtil::printTree(bst->getRoot()); return 0; }