/** * File: hash_map_open_addressing.swift * Created Time: 2023-06-28 * Author: nuomi1 (nuomi1@qq.com) */ import utils /* 开放寻址哈希表 */ class HashMapOpenAddressing { var size: Int // 键值对数量 var capacity: Int // 哈希表容量 var loadThres: Double // 触发扩容的负载因子阈值 var extendRatio: Int // 扩容倍数 var buckets: [Pair?] // 桶数组 var removed: Pair // 删除标记 /* 构造方法 */ init() { size = 0 capacity = 4 loadThres = 2.0 / 3.0 extendRatio = 2 buckets = Array(repeating: nil, count: capacity) removed = Pair(key: -1, val: "-1") } /* 哈希函数 */ func hashFunc(key: Int) -> Int { key % capacity } /* 负载因子 */ func loadFactor() -> Double { Double(size / capacity) } /* 查询操作 */ func get(key: Int) -> String? { let index = hashFunc(key: key) // 线性探测,从 index 开始向后遍历 for i in stride(from: 0, to: capacity, by: 1) { // 计算桶索引,越过尾部返回头部 let j = (index + i) % capacity // 若遇到空桶,说明无此 key ,则返回 nil if buckets[j] == nil { return nil } // 若遇到指定 key ,则返回对应 val if buckets[j]?.key == key, buckets[j] != removed { return buckets[j]?.val } } return nil } /* 添加操作 */ func put(key: Int, val: String) { // 当负载因子超过阈值时,执行扩容 if loadFactor() > loadThres { extend() } let index = hashFunc(key: key) // 线性探测,从 index 开始向后遍历 for i in stride(from: 0, through: capacity, by: 1) { // 计算桶索引,越过尾部返回头部 let j = (index + i) % capacity // 若遇到空桶、或带有删除标记的桶,则将键值对放入该桶 if buckets[j] == nil || buckets[j] == removed { buckets[j] = Pair(key: key, val: val) size += 1 return } // 若遇到指定 key ,则更新对应 val if buckets[j]?.key == key { buckets[j]?.val = val return } } } /* 删除操作 */ func remove(key: Int) { let index = hashFunc(key: key) // 线性探测,从 index 开始向后遍历 for i in stride(from: 0, to: capacity, by: 1) { // 计算桶索引,越过尾部返回头部 let j = (index + i) % capacity // 若遇到空桶,说明无此 key ,则直接返回 if buckets[j] == nil { return } // 若遇到指定 key ,则标记删除并返回 if buckets[j]?.key == key { buckets[j] = removed size -= 1 return } } } /* 扩容哈希表 */ func extend() { // 暂存原哈希表 let bucketsTmp = buckets // 初始化扩容后的新哈希表 capacity *= extendRatio buckets = Array(repeating: nil, count: capacity) size = 0 // 将键值对从原哈希表搬运至新哈希表 for pair in bucketsTmp { if let pair, pair != removed { put(key: pair.key, val: pair.val) } } } /* 打印哈希表 */ func print() { for pair in buckets { if let pair { Swift.print("\(pair.key) -> \(pair.val)") } else { Swift.print("null") } } } } @main enum _HashMapOpenAddressing { /* Driver Code */ static func main() { /* 初始化哈希表 */ let map = HashMapOpenAddressing() /* 添加操作 */ // 在哈希表中添加键值对 (key, value) map.put(key: 12836, val: "小哈") map.put(key: 15937, val: "小啰") map.put(key: 16750, val: "小算") map.put(key: 13276, val: "小法") map.put(key: 10583, val: "小鸭") print("\n添加完成后,哈希表为\nKey -> Value") map.print() /* 查询操作 */ // 向哈希表输入键 key ,得到值 value let name = map.get(key: 13276) print("\n输入学号 13276 ,查询到姓名 \(name!)") /* 删除操作 */ // 在哈希表中删除键值对 (key, value) map.remove(key: 16750) print("\n删除 16750 后,哈希表为\nKey -> Value") map.print() } }