You can not select more than 25 topics Topics must start with a letter or number, can include dashes ('-') and can be up to 35 characters long.
hello-algo/zh-hant/index.html

1916 lines
113 KiB

This file contains invisible Unicode characters!

This file contains invisible Unicode characters that may be processed differently from what appears below. If your use case is intentional and legitimate, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal hidden characters.

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters that may be confused with others in your current locale. If your use case is intentional and legitimate, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to highlight these characters.

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html class="no-js" lang="zh-Hant">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8"/>
<meta content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1" name="viewport"/>
<meta content="動畫圖解、一鍵執行的資料結構與演算法教程" name="description"/>
<meta content="krahets" name="author"/>
<link href="https://www.hello-algo.com/zh-hant/" rel="canonical"/>
<link href="assets/images/favicon.png" rel="icon"/>
<meta content="mkdocs-1.5.3, mkdocs-material-9.5.5" name="generator"/>
<title>
Hello 演算法
</title>
<link href="assets/stylesheets/main.50c56a3b.min.css" rel="stylesheet"/>
<link href="assets/stylesheets/palette.06af60db.min.css" rel="stylesheet"/>
<link crossorigin="" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com" rel="preconnect"/>
<link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Noto+Sans+SC:300,300i,400,400i,700,700i%7CFira+Code:400,400i,700,700i&amp;display=fallback" rel="stylesheet"/>
<style>
:root{--md-text-font:"Noto Sans SC";--md-code-font:"Fira Code"}
</style>
<link href="stylesheets/extra.css" rel="stylesheet"/>
<script>
__md_scope=new URL(".",location),__md_hash=e=>[...e].reduce((e,_)=>(e<<5)-e+_.charCodeAt(0),0),__md_get=(e,_=localStorage,t=__md_scope)=>JSON.parse(_.getItem(t.pathname+"."+e)),__md_set=(e,_,t=localStorage,a=__md_scope)=>{try{t.setItem(a.pathname+"."+e,JSON.stringify(_))}catch(e){}}
</script>
</head>
<body data-md-color-accent="teal" data-md-color-primary="white" data-md-color-scheme="default" dir="ltr" style="background-color: var(--md-body-bg-color);">
<input autocomplete="off" class="md-toggle" data-md-toggle="drawer" id="__drawer" type="checkbox"/>
<input autocomplete="off" class="md-toggle" data-md-toggle="search" id="__search" type="checkbox"/>
<label class="md-overlay" for="__drawer">
</label>
<div data-md-component="skip">
</div>
<div data-md-color-primary="black" data-md-color-scheme="slate" data-md-component="announce">
</div>
<header class="md-header md-header--shadow" data-md-color-primary="black" data-md-color-scheme="slate" data-md-component="header">
<nav aria-label="頁首" class="md-header__inner md-grid">
<a aria-label="Hello 演算法" class="md-header__button md-logo" data-md-component="logo" href="." title="Hello 演算法">
<img alt="logo" src="assets/images/logo.svg"/>
</a>
<label class="md-header__button md-icon" for="__drawer">
<svg viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<path d="M3 6h18v2H3V6m0 5h18v2H3v-2m0 5h18v2H3v-2Z">
</path>
</svg>
</label>
<div class="md-header__title" data-md-component="header-title">
<div class="md-header__ellipsis">
<div class="md-header__topic">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Hello 演算法
</span>
</div>
<div class="md-header__topic" data-md-component="header-topic">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Home
</span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<form class="md-header__option" data-md-component="palette">
<input aria-label="深色模式" class="md-option" data-md-color-accent="teal" data-md-color-media="" data-md-color-primary="white" data-md-color-scheme="default" id="__palette_0" name="__palette" type="radio"/>
<label class="md-header__button md-icon" for="__palette_1" hidden="" title="深色模式">
<svg viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<path d="M7.5 2c-1.79 1.15-3 3.18-3 5.5s1.21 4.35 3.03 5.5C4.46 13 2 10.54 2 7.5A5.5 5.5 0 0 1 7.5 2m11.57 1.5 1.43 1.43L4.93 20.5 3.5 19.07 19.07 3.5m-6.18 2.43L11.41 5 9.97 6l.42-1.7L9 3.24l1.75-.12.58-1.65L12 3.1l1.73.03-1.35 1.13.51 1.67m-3.3 3.61-1.16-.73-1.12.78.34-1.32-1.09-.83 1.36-.09.45-1.29.51 1.27 1.36.03-1.05.87.4 1.31M19 13.5a5.5 5.5 0 0 1-5.5 5.5c-1.22 0-2.35-.4-3.26-1.07l7.69-7.69c.67.91 1.07 2.04 1.07 3.26m-4.4 6.58 2.77-1.15-.24 3.35-2.53-2.2m4.33-2.7 1.15-2.77 2.2 2.54-3.35.23m1.15-4.96-1.14-2.78 3.34.24-2.2 2.54M9.63 18.93l2.77 1.15-2.53 2.19-.24-3.34Z">
</path>
</svg>
</label>
<input aria-label="淺色模式" class="md-option" data-md-color-accent="teal" data-md-color-media="" data-md-color-primary="black" data-md-color-scheme="slate" id="__palette_1" name="__palette" type="radio"/>
<label class="md-header__button md-icon" for="__palette_0" hidden="" title="淺色模式">
<svg viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<path d="M7.5 2c-1.79 1.15-3 3.18-3 5.5s1.21 4.35 3.03 5.5C4.46 13 2 10.54 2 7.5A5.5 5.5 0 0 1 7.5 2m11.57 1.5 1.43 1.43L4.93 20.5 3.5 19.07 19.07 3.5m-6.18 2.43L11.41 5 9.97 6l.42-1.7L9 3.24l1.75-.12.58-1.65L12 3.1l1.73.03-1.35 1.13.51 1.67m-3.3 3.61-1.16-.73-1.12.78.34-1.32-1.09-.83 1.36-.09.45-1.29.51 1.27 1.36.03-1.05.87.4 1.31M19 13.5a5.5 5.5 0 0 1-5.5 5.5c-1.22 0-2.35-.4-3.26-1.07l7.69-7.69c.67.91 1.07 2.04 1.07 3.26m-4.4 6.58 2.77-1.15-.24 3.35-2.53-2.2m4.33-2.7 1.15-2.77 2.2 2.54-3.35.23m1.15-4.96-1.14-2.78 3.34.24-2.2 2.54M9.63 18.93l2.77 1.15-2.53 2.19-.24-3.34Z">
</path>
</svg>
</label>
</form>
<script>
var media,input,key,value,palette=__md_get("__palette");if(palette&&palette.color){"(prefers-color-scheme)"===palette.color.media&&(media=matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)"),input=document.querySelector(media.matches?"[data-md-color-media='(prefers-color-scheme: light)']":"[data-md-color-media='(prefers-color-scheme: dark)']"),palette.color.media=input.getAttribute("data-md-color-media"),palette.color.scheme=input.getAttribute("data-md-color-scheme"),palette.color.primary=input.getAttribute("data-md-color-primary"),palette.color.accent=input.getAttribute("data-md-color-accent"));for([key,value]of Object.entries(palette.color))document.body.setAttribute("data-md-color-"+key,value)}
</script>
<div class="md-header__option">
<div class="md-select">
<button aria-label="選擇語言" class="md-header__button md-icon">
<svg viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<path d="m12.87 15.07-2.54-2.51.03-.03A17.52 17.52 0 0 0 14.07 6H17V4h-7V2H8v2H1v2h11.17C11.5 7.92 10.44 9.75 9 11.35 8.07 10.32 7.3 9.19 6.69 8h-2c.73 1.63 1.73 3.17 2.98 4.56l-5.09 5.02L4 19l5-5 3.11 3.11.76-2.04M18.5 10h-2L12 22h2l1.12-3h4.75L21 22h2l-4.5-12m-2.62 7 1.62-4.33L19.12 17h-3.24Z">
</path>
</svg>
</button>
<div class="md-select__inner">
<ul class="md-select__list">
<li class="md-select__item">
<a class="md-select__link" href="/" hreflang="zh">
简体中文
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-select__item">
<a class="md-select__link" href="/zh-hant/" hreflang="zh-Hant">
繁體中文
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-select__item">
<a class="md-select__link" href="/en/" hreflang="en">
English
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<label class="md-header__button md-icon" for="__search">
<svg viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<path d="M9.5 3A6.5 6.5 0 0 1 16 9.5c0 1.61-.59 3.09-1.56 4.23l.27.27h.79l5 5-1.5 1.5-5-5v-.79l-.27-.27A6.516 6.516 0 0 1 9.5 16 6.5 6.5 0 0 1 3 9.5 6.5 6.5 0 0 1 9.5 3m0 2C7 5 5 7 5 9.5S7 14 9.5 14 14 12 14 9.5 12 5 9.5 5Z" fill="var(--md-default-fg-color)">
</path>
</svg>
</label>
<div class="md-search" data-md-component="search" role="dialog">
<label class="md-search__overlay" for="__search">
</label>
<div class="md-search__inner" role="search">
<form class="md-search__form" name="search">
<input aria-label="搜尋" autocapitalize="off" autocomplete="off" autocorrect="off" class="md-search__input" data-md-component="search-query" name="query" placeholder="搜尋" required="" spellcheck="false" type="text"/>
<label class="md-search__icon md-icon" for="__search">
<svg viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<path d="M9.5 3A6.5 6.5 0 0 1 16 9.5c0 1.61-.59 3.09-1.56 4.23l.27.27h.79l5 5-1.5 1.5-5-5v-.79l-.27-.27A6.516 6.516 0 0 1 9.5 16 6.5 6.5 0 0 1 3 9.5 6.5 6.5 0 0 1 9.5 3m0 2C7 5 5 7 5 9.5S7 14 9.5 14 14 12 14 9.5 12 5 9.5 5Z" fill="var(--md-default-fg-color)">
</path>
</svg>
<svg viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<path d="M20 11v2H8l5.5 5.5-1.42 1.42L4.16 12l7.92-7.92L13.5 5.5 8 11h12Z">
</path>
</svg>
</label>
<nav aria-label="搜尋" class="md-search__options">
<a aria-label="分享" class="md-search__icon md-icon" data-clipboard="" data-clipboard-text="" data-md-component="search-share" href="javascript:void(0)" tabindex="-1" title="分享">
<svg viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<path d="M18 16.08c-.76 0-1.44.3-1.96.77L8.91 12.7c.05-.23.09-.46.09-.7 0-.24-.04-.47-.09-.7l7.05-4.11c.54.5 1.25.81 2.04.81a3 3 0 0 0 3-3 3 3 0 0 0-3-3 3 3 0 0 0-3 3c0 .24.04.47.09.7L8.04 9.81C7.5 9.31 6.79 9 6 9a3 3 0 0 0-3 3 3 3 0 0 0 3 3c.79 0 1.5-.31 2.04-.81l7.12 4.15c-.05.21-.08.43-.08.66 0 1.61 1.31 2.91 2.92 2.91 1.61 0 2.92-1.3 2.92-2.91A2.92 2.92 0 0 0 18 16.08Z">
</path>
</svg>
</a>
<button aria-label="清空" class="md-search__icon md-icon" tabindex="-1" title="清空" type="reset">
<svg viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<path d="M19 6.41 17.59 5 12 10.59 6.41 5 5 6.41 10.59 12 5 17.59 6.41 19 12 13.41 17.59 19 19 17.59 13.41 12 19 6.41Z">
</path>
</svg>
</button>
</nav>
<div class="md-search__suggest" data-md-component="search-suggest">
</div>
</form>
<div class="md-search__output">
<div class="md-search__scrollwrap" data-md-scrollfix="">
<div class="md-search-result" data-md-component="search-result">
<div class="md-search-result__meta">
正在初始化搜尋引擎
</div>
<ol class="md-search-result__list" role="presentation">
</ol>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="md-header__source">
<a class="md-source" data-md-component="source" href="https://github.com/krahets/hello-algo" title="前往倉庫">
<div class="md-source__icon md-icon">
<svg viewbox="0 0 496 512" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<!--! Font Awesome Free 6.5.1 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2023 Fonticons, Inc.-->
<path d="M165.9 397.4c0 2-2.3 3.6-5.2 3.6-3.3.3-5.6-1.3-5.6-3.6 0-2 2.3-3.6 5.2-3.6 3-.3 5.6 1.3 5.6 3.6zm-31.1-4.5c-.7 2 1.3 4.3 4.3 4.9 2.6 1 5.6 0 6.2-2s-1.3-4.3-4.3-5.2c-2.6-.7-5.5.3-6.2 2.3zm44.2-1.7c-2.9.7-4.9 2.6-4.6 4.9.3 2 2.9 3.3 5.9 2.6 2.9-.7 4.9-2.6 4.6-4.6-.3-1.9-3-3.2-5.9-2.9zM244.8 8C106.1 8 0 113.3 0 252c0 110.9 69.8 205.8 169.5 239.2 12.8 2.3 17.3-5.6 17.3-12.1 0-6.2-.3-40.4-.3-61.4 0 0-70 15-84.7-29.8 0 0-11.4-29.1-27.8-36.6 0 0-22.9-15.7 1.6-15.4 0 0 24.9 2 38.6 25.8 21.9 38.6 58.6 27.5 72.9 20.9 2.3-16 8.8-27.1 16-33.7-55.9-6.2-112.3-14.3-112.3-110.5 0-27.5 7.6-41.3 23.6-58.9-2.6-6.5-11.1-33.3 2.6-67.9 20.9-6.5 69 27 69 27 20-5.6 41.5-8.5 62.8-8.5s42.8 2.9 62.8 8.5c0 0 48.1-33.6 69-27 13.7 34.7 5.2 61.4 2.6 67.9 16 17.7 25.8 31.5 25.8 58.9 0 96.5-58.9 104.2-114.8 110.5 9.2 7.9 17 22.9 17 46.4 0 33.7-.3 75.4-.3 83.6 0 6.5 4.6 14.4 17.3 12.1C428.2 457.8 496 362.9 496 252 496 113.3 383.5 8 244.8 8zM97.2 352.9c-1.3 1-1 3.3.7 5.2 1.6 1.6 3.9 2.3 5.2 1 1.3-1 1-3.3-.7-5.2-1.6-1.6-3.9-2.3-5.2-1zm-10.8-8.1c-.7 1.3.3 2.9 2.3 3.9 1.6 1 3.6.7 4.3-.7.7-1.3-.3-2.9-2.3-3.9-2-.6-3.6-.3-4.3.7zm32.4 35.6c-1.6 1.3-1 4.3 1.3 6.2 2.3 2.3 5.2 2.6 6.5 1 1.3-1.3.7-4.3-1.3-6.2-2.2-2.3-5.2-2.6-6.5-1zm-11.4-14.7c-1.6 1-1.6 3.6 0 5.9 1.6 2.3 4.3 3.3 5.6 2.3 1.6-1.3 1.6-3.9 0-6.2-1.4-2.3-4-3.3-5.6-2z">
</path>
</svg>
</div>
<div class="md-source__repository">
krahets/hello-algo
</div>
</a>
</div>
</nav>
</header>
<div class="md-container" data-md-component="container">
<section class="home-div" data-md-color-primary="grey" data-md-color-scheme="slate" style="height: min(100vh, 120vw); position: relative; margin-top:-2.4rem; padding: 0; overflow: hidden;">
<img alt="" class="hero-bg" src="../assets/hero/universe_bg.png"/>
<div class="hero-div">
<img alt="" src="../assets/hero/ground.png" style="position: absolute; width: auto; height: 26.445%; left: 28.211%; top: 54.145%;"/>
<img alt="" src="../assets/hero/links.png" style="position: absolute; width: auto; height: 78.751%; left: 10.545%; top: 7.326%;"/>
<a href="chapter_introduction/">
<img alt="" src="../assets/hero/astronaut.png" style="height: 46.673%; left: 35.413%; top: 24.343%;"/>
<span style="left: 52.244%; top: 20.919%;">
初識演算法
</span>
</a>
<a href="chapter_computational_complexity/">
<img alt="" src="../assets/hero/chapter_computational_complexity.png" style="height: 12.347%; left: 36.267%; top: 37.653%;"/>
<span style="left: 39.244%; top: 33.919%;">
複雜度
</span>
</a>
<a href="chapter_array_and_linkedlist/">
<img alt="" src="../assets/hero/chapter_array_and_linkedlist.png" style="height: 22.242%; left: 73.242%; top: 52.481%;"/>
<span style="left: 90.897%; top: 76.259%;">
陣列與鏈結串列
</span>
</a>
<a href="chapter_stack_and_queue/">
<img alt="" src="../assets/hero/chapter_stack_and_queue.png" style="height: 14.302%; left: 62.646%; top: 77.875%;"/>
<span style="left: 77.571%; top: 91.25%;">
堆疊與佇列
</span>
</a>
<a href="chapter_hashing/">
<img alt="" src="../assets/hero/chapter_hashing.png" style="height: 15.266%; left: 63.281%; top: 27.933%;"/>
<span style="left: 68.862%; top: 46.292%;">
雜湊表
</span>
</a>
<a href="chapter_tree/">
<img alt="" src="../assets/hero/chapter_tree.png" style="height: 19.615%; left: 80.137%; top: 26.678%;"/>
<span style="left: 96.159%; top: 44.8%;">
</span>
</a>
<a href="chapter_heap/">
<img alt="" src="../assets/hero/chapter_heap.png" style="height: 10.566%; left: 77.226%; top: 11.559%;"/>
<span style="left: 88.103%; top: 15.422%;">
堆積
</span>
</a>
<a href="chapter_graph/">
<img alt="" src="../assets/hero/chapter_graph.png" style="height: 16.112%; left: 51.854%; top: 5.575%;"/>
<span style="left: 71.195%; top: 6.503%;">
</span>
</a>
<a href="chapter_searching/">
<img alt="" src="../assets/hero/chapter_searching.png" style="height: 15.149%; left: 18.185%; top: 16.404%;"/>
<span style="left: 14.556%; top: 20.876%;">
搜尋
</span>
</a>
<a href="chapter_sorting/">
<img alt="" src="../assets/hero/chapter_sorting.png" style="height: 9.574%; left: 25.409%; top: 40.747%;"/>
<span style="left: 28.805%; top: 53.808%;">
排序
</span>
</a>
<a href="chapter_divide_and_conquer/">
<img alt="" src="../assets/hero/chapter_divide_and_conquer.png" style="height: 18.681%; left: 32.721%; top: 4.816%;"/>
<span style="left: 31.42%; top: 8.679%;">
分治
</span>
</a>
<a href="chapter_backtracking/">
<img alt="" src="../assets/hero/chapter_backtracking.png" style="height: 17.338%; left: 4.875%; top: 32.925%;"/>
<span style="left: 4.742%; top: 50.113%;">
回溯
</span>
</a>
<a href="chapter_dynamic_programming/">
<img alt="" src="../assets/hero/chapter_dynamic_programming.png" style="height: 15.47%; left: 9.406%; top: 57.472%;"/>
<span style="left: 8.561%; top: 75.351%;">
動態規劃
</span>
</a>
<a href="chapter_greedy/">
<img alt="" src="../assets/hero/chapter_greedy.png" style="height: 14.127%; left: 23.132%; top: 75.803%;"/>
<span style="left: 21.619%; top: 86.85%;">
貪婪
</span>
</a>
</div>
<div class="heading-div">
<img alt="" src="https://readme-typing-svg.demolab.com/?font=Noto+Sans+SC&amp;weight=400&amp;duration=3500&amp;pause=2000&amp;color=FFF&amp;center=true&amp;vCenter=true&amp;random=false&amp;width=200&amp;lines=Hello%2C+%E6%BC%94%E7%AE%97%E6%B3%95+!" style="height: min(9vh, 12vw);"/>
<div style="pointer-events: auto;">
<p style="margin-top: max(-1vh, -2vw); margin-bottom: min(2vh, 3.5vw);">
動畫圖解、一鍵執行的資料結構與演算法教程
</p>
<a class="rounded-button" href="chapter_hello_algo/">
<svg viewbox="0 0 512 512" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<!--!Font Awesome Free 6.5.1 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free Copyright 2024 Fonticons, Inc.-->
<path d="M160 96a96 96 0 1 1 192 0A96 96 0 1 1 160 96zm80 152V512l-48.4-24.2c-20.9-10.4-43.5-17-66.8-19.3l-96-9.6C12.5 457.2 0 443.5 0 427V224c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32H62.3c63.6 0 125.6 19.6 177.7 56zm32 264V248c52.1-36.4 114.1-56 177.7-56H480c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32V427c0 16.4-12.5 30.2-28.8 31.8l-96 9.6c-23.2 2.3-45.9 8.9-66.8 19.3L272 512z">
</path>
</svg>
<span>
開始閱讀
</span>
</a>
<a class="rounded-button" href="https://github.com/krahets/hello-algo">
<svg viewbox="0 0 496 512" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<path d="M165.9 397.4c0 2-2.3 3.6-5.2 3.6-3.3 .3-5.6-1.3-5.6-3.6 0-2 2.3-3.6 5.2-3.6 3-.3 5.6 1.3 5.6 3.6zm-31.1-4.5c-.7 2 1.3 4.3 4.3 4.9 2.6 1 5.6 0 6.2-2s-1.3-4.3-4.3-5.2c-2.6-.7-5.5 .3-6.2 2.3zm44.2-1.7c-2.9 .7-4.9 2.6-4.6 4.9 .3 2 2.9 3.3 5.9 2.6 2.9-.7 4.9-2.6 4.6-4.6-.3-1.9-3-3.2-5.9-2.9zM244.8 8C106.1 8 0 113.3 0 252c0 110.9 69.8 205.8 169.5 239.2 12.8 2.3 17.3-5.6 17.3-12.1 0-6.2-.3-40.4-.3-61.4 0 0-70 15-84.7-29.8 0 0-11.4-29.1-27.8-36.6 0 0-22.9-15.7 1.6-15.4 0 0 24.9 2 38.6 25.8 21.9 38.6 58.6 27.5 72.9 20.9 2.3-16 8.8-27.1 16-33.7-55.9-6.2-112.3-14.3-112.3-110.5 0-27.5 7.6-41.3 23.6-58.9-2.6-6.5-11.1-33.3 2.6-67.9 20.9-6.5 69 27 69 27 20-5.6 41.5-8.5 62.8-8.5s42.8 2.9 62.8 8.5c0 0 48.1-33.6 69-27 13.7 34.7 5.2 61.4 2.6 67.9 16 17.7 25.8 31.5 25.8 58.9 0 96.5-58.9 104.2-114.8 110.5 9.2 7.9 17 22.9 17 46.4 0 33.7-.3 75.4-.3 83.6 0 6.5 4.6 14.4 17.3 12.1C428.2 457.8 496 362.9 496 252 496 113.3 383.5 8 244.8 8zM97.2 352.9c-1.3 1-1 3.3 .7 5.2 1.6 1.6 3.9 2.3 5.2 1 1.3-1 1-3.3-.7-5.2-1.6-1.6-3.9-2.3-5.2-1zm-10.8-8.1c-.7 1.3 .3 2.9 2.3 3.9 1.6 1 3.6 .7 4.3-.7 .7-1.3-.3-2.9-2.3-3.9-2-.6-3.6-.3-4.3 .7zm32.4 35.6c-1.6 1.3-1 4.3 1.3 6.2 2.3 2.3 5.2 2.6 6.5 1 1.3-1.3 .7-4.3-1.3-6.2-2.2-2.3-5.2-2.6-6.5-1zm-11.4-14.7c-1.6 1-1.6 3.6 0 5.9 1.6 2.3 4.3 3.3 5.6 2.3 1.6-1.3 1.6-3.9 0-6.2-1.4-2.3-4-3.3-5.6-2z">
</path>
</svg>
<span>
程式碼倉庫
</span>
</a>
</div>
<div style="text-align: center; margin-top: min(2.5vh, 3.5vw);">
<svg fill="var(--md-default-fg-color)" height="2vh" viewbox="0 0 384 512" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<path d="M169.4 470.6c12.5 12.5 32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3s-32.8-12.5-45.3 0L224 370.8 224 64c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32s-32 14.3-32 32l0 306.7L54.6 265.4c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3l160 160z">
</path>
</svg>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section class="home-div" data-md-color-scheme="slate">
<div class="section-content">
<img alt="Preview" src="index.assets/hello_algo_header.png" style="width: 100%; max-width: 41.5em;"/>
<div class="code-badge">
<img alt="" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Python-snow?logo=python&amp;logoColor=3776AB"/>
<img alt="" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Java-snow?logo=coffeescript&amp;logoColor=FC4C02"/>
<img alt="" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/C%2B%2B-snow?logo=c%2B%2B&amp;logoColor=00599C"/>
<img alt="" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/C-snow?logo=c&amp;logoColor=A8B9CC"/>
<img alt="" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/C%23-snow?logo=csharp&amp;logoColor=512BD4"/>
<img alt="" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/JS-snow?logo=javascript&amp;logoColor=E9CE30"/>
<img alt="" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Go-snow?logo=go&amp;logoColor=00ADD8"/>
<img alt="" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Swift-snow?logo=swift&amp;logoColor=F05138"/>
<img alt="" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Rust-snow?logo=rust&amp;logoColor=000000"/>
<img alt="" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Ruby-snow?logo=ruby&amp;logoColor=CC342D"/>
<img alt="" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Kotlin-snow?logo=kotlin&amp;logoColor=7F52FF"/>
<img alt="" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/TS-snow?logo=typescript&amp;logoColor=3178C6"/>
<img alt="" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Dart-snow?logo=dart&amp;logoColor=0175C2"/>
<img alt="" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Zig-snow?logo=zig&amp;logoColor=F7A41D"/>
</div>
<p style="margin-top: 2em;">
500 幅動畫圖解、14 種程式語言程式碼、3000 條社群問答,助你快速入門資料結構與演算法
</p>
</div>
</section>
<section class="home-div" data-md-color-primary="white" data-md-color-scheme="default">
<div class="section-content">
<div class="reading-media">
<div class="media-block">
<a href="/chapter_paperbook/">
<div style="height: 8.17%;">
</div>
<img alt="Cover" class="device-on-hover" src="../assets/hero/cover_render.png" style="height: 66.83%;"/>
<div class="text-button">
<span>
紙質書(簡中)
</span>
<svg viewbox="0 0 320 512" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<path d="M278.6 233.4c12.5 12.5 12.5 32.8 0 45.3l-160 160c-12.5 12.5-32.8 12.5-45.3 0s-12.5-32.8 0-45.3L210.7 256 73.4 118.6c-12.5-12.5-12.5-32.8 0-45.3s32.8-12.5 45.3 0l160 160z">
</path>
</svg>
</div>
</a>
</div>
<div class="media-block">
<a href="chapter_hello_algo/">
<div style="height: 4.34%;">
</div>
<img alt="" class="device-on-hover" src="../assets/hero/web_mac_iphone.png" style="height: 66.31%;"/>
<div style="height: 4.34%;">
</div>
<div class="text-button">
<span>
線上閱讀
</span>
<svg viewbox="0 0 320 512" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<path d="M278.6 233.4c12.5 12.5 12.5 32.8 0 45.3l-160 160c-12.5 12.5-32.8 12.5-45.3 0s-12.5-32.8 0-45.3L210.7 256 73.4 118.6c-12.5-12.5-12.5-32.8 0-45.3s32.8-12.5 45.3 0l160 160z">
</path>
</svg>
</div>
</a>
</div>
<div class="media-block">
<a href="https://github.com/krahets/hello-algo/releases">
<img alt="" class="device-on-hover" src="../assets/hero/pdf_ipad.png" style="height: 75%;"/>
<div class="text-button">
<span>
PDF簡中
</span>
<svg viewbox="0 0 320 512" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<path d="M278.6 233.4c12.5 12.5 12.5 32.8 0 45.3l-160 160c-12.5 12.5-32.8 12.5-45.3 0s-12.5-32.8 0-45.3L210.7 256 73.4 118.6c-12.5-12.5-12.5-32.8 0-45.3s32.8-12.5 45.3 0l160 160z">
</path>
</svg>
</div>
</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section class="home-div" data-md-color-primary="grey" data-md-color-scheme="slate">
<div class="section-content">
<h3 style="text-align: center; margin: 1em auto;">
推薦語
</h3>
<div class="intro-container" style="margin: 0 auto;">
<div class="intro-text endor-text">
<p style="margin-bottom: 0;">
“一本通俗易懂的資料結構與演算法入門書,引導讀者手腦並用地學習,強烈推薦演算法初學者閱讀。”
</p>
<p style="font-weight: bold;">
—— 鄧俊輝,清華大學計算機系教授
</p>
</div>
<div class="intro-text endor-text">
<p style="margin-bottom: 0;">
“如果我當年學資料結構與演算法的時候有《Hello 演算法》,學起來應該會簡單 10 倍!”
</p>
<p style="font-weight: bold;">
—— 李沐,亞馬遜資深首席科學家
</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section class="home-div" data-md-color-primary="white" data-md-color-scheme="default">
<div class="section-content">
<div class="intro-container">
<div class="intro-text">
<div>
<div style="display: flex; align-items: center;">
<svg height="1.5em" viewbox="0 0 640 512" width="1.5em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<path d="M256 0H576c35.3 0 64 28.7 64 64V288c0 35.3-28.7 64-64 64H256c-35.3 0-64-28.7-64-64V64c0-35.3 28.7-64 64-64zM476 106.7C471.5 100 464 96 456 96s-15.5 4-20 10.7l-56 84L362.7 169c-4.6-5.7-11.5-9-18.7-9s-14.2 3.3-18.7 9l-64 80c-5.8 7.2-6.9 17.1-2.9 25.4s12.4 13.6 21.6 13.6h80 48H552c8.9 0 17-4.9 21.2-12.7s3.7-17.3-1.2-24.6l-96-144zM336 96a32 32 0 1 0 -64 0 32 32 0 1 0 64 0zM64 128h96V384v32c0 17.7 14.3 32 32 32H320c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32V384H512v64c0 35.3-28.7 64-64 64H64c-35.3 0-64-28.7-64-64V192c0-35.3 28.7-64 64-64zm8 64c-8.8 0-16 7.2-16 16v16c0 8.8 7.2 16 16 16H88c8.8 0 16-7.2 16-16V208c0-8.8-7.2-16-16-16H72zm0 104c-8.8 0-16 7.2-16 16v16c0 8.8 7.2 16 16 16H88c8.8 0 16-7.2 16-16V312c0-8.8-7.2-16-16-16H72zm0 104c-8.8 0-16 7.2-16 16v16c0 8.8 7.2 16 16 16H88c8.8 0 16-7.2 16-16V416c0-8.8-7.2-16-16-16H72zm336 16v16c0 8.8 7.2 16 16 16h16c8.8 0 16-7.2 16-16V416c0-8.8-7.2-16-16-16H424c-8.8 0-16 7.2-16 16z" fill="var(--md-primary-bg-color)">
</path>
</svg>
<h3 style="margin-left: 0.5em;">
動畫圖解
</h3>
</div>
<p style="margin: 0;">
內容清晰易懂,學習曲線平滑
</p>
<p class="intro-quote">
"A picture is worth a thousand words."
<br/>
“一圖勝千言”
</p>
</div>
</div>
<img alt="Animation example" class="intro-image" src="index.assets/animation.gif"/>
</div>
<div class="intro-container">
<img alt="Running code example" class="intro-image" src="index.assets/running_code.gif"/>
<div class="intro-text">
<div>
<div style="display: flex; align-items: center;">
<svg height="1.5em" viewbox="0 0 640 512" width="1.5em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<path d="M392.8 1.2c-17-4.9-34.7 5-39.6 22l-128 448c-4.9 17 5 34.7 22 39.6s34.7-5 39.6-22l128-448c4.9-17-5-34.7-22-39.6zm80.6 120.1c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L562.7 256l-89.4 89.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l112-112c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-112-112c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0zm-306.7 0c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0l-112 112c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3l112 112c12.5 12.5 32.8 12.5 45.3 0s12.5-32.8 0-45.3L77.3 256l89.4-89.4c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3z" fill="var(--md-primary-bg-color)">
</path>
</svg>
<h3 style="margin-left: 0.5em;">
一鍵執行
</h3>
</div>
<p style="margin: 0;">
十餘種程式語言,程式碼視覺化執行
</p>
<p class="intro-quote">
"Talk is cheap. Show me the code."
<br/>
“少吹牛,看程式碼”
</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="intro-container">
<div class="intro-text">
<div>
<div style="display: flex; align-items: center;">
<svg height="1.5em" viewbox="0 0 640 512" width="1.5em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<path d="M88.2 309.1c9.8-18.3 6.8-40.8-7.5-55.8C59.4 230.9 48 204 48 176c0-63.5 63.8-128 160-128s160 64.5 160 128s-63.8 128-160 128c-13.1 0-25.8-1.3-37.8-3.6c-10.4-2-21.2-.6-30.7 4.2c-4.1 2.1-8.3 4.1-12.6 6c-16 7.2-32.9 13.5-49.9 18c2.8-4.6 5.4-9.1 7.9-13.6c1.1-1.9 2.2-3.9 3.2-5.9zM0 176c0 41.8 17.2 80.1 45.9 110.3c-.9 1.7-1.9 3.5-2.8 5.1c-10.3 18.4-22.3 36.5-36.6 52.1c-6.6 7-8.3 17.2-4.6 25.9C5.8 378.3 14.4 384 24 384c43 0 86.5-13.3 122.7-29.7c4.8-2.2 9.6-4.5 14.2-6.8c15.1 3 30.9 4.5 47.1 4.5c114.9 0 208-78.8 208-176S322.9 0 208 0S0 78.8 0 176zM432 480c16.2 0 31.9-1.6 47.1-4.5c4.6 2.3 9.4 4.6 14.2 6.8C529.5 498.7 573 512 616 512c9.6 0 18.2-5.7 22-14.5c3.8-8.8 2-19-4.6-25.9c-14.2-15.6-26.2-33.7-36.6-52.1c-.9-1.7-1.9-3.4-2.8-5.1C622.8 384.1 640 345.8 640 304c0-94.4-87.9-171.5-198.2-175.8c4.1 15.2 6.2 31.2 6.2 47.8l0 .6c87.2 6.7 144 67.5 144 127.4c0 28-11.4 54.9-32.7 77.2c-14.3 15-17.3 37.6-7.5 55.8c1.1 2 2.2 4 3.2 5.9c2.5 4.5 5.2 9 7.9 13.6c-17-4.5-33.9-10.7-49.9-18c-4.3-1.9-8.5-3.9-12.6-6c-9.5-4.8-20.3-6.2-30.7-4.2c-12.1 2.4-24.7 3.6-37.8 3.6c-61.7 0-110-26.5-136.8-62.3c-16 5.4-32.8 9.4-50 11.8C279 439.8 350 480 432 480z" fill="var(--md-primary-bg-color)">
</path>
</svg>
<h3 style="margin-left: 0.5em;">
互助學習
</h3>
</div>
<p style="margin: 0;">
歡迎討論與提問,讀者間攜手共進
</p>
<p class="intro-quote">
"Learning by teaching."
<br/>
“教學相長”
</p>
</div>
</div>
<img alt="Comments example" class="intro-image" src="index.assets/comment.gif"/>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section class="home-div" data-md-color-primary="grey" data-md-color-scheme="slate">
<div class="section-content" style="max-width: 90vw;">
<div style="margin: 2em auto;">
<h3>
作者
</h3>
<div class="profile-div">
<div class="profile-cell">
<a href="https://github.com/krahets">
<img alt="Author: yudongjin" class="profile-img" src="../assets/avatar/avatar_yudongjin.jpg"/>
<br/>
<b>
靳宇棟(@krahets
</b>
</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div style="margin: 2em auto;">
<h3>
程式碼審閱者
</h3>
<div class="profile-div">
<div class="profile-cell">
<a href="https://github.com/codingonion">
<img alt="Reviewer: codingonion" class="profile-img" src="../assets/avatar/avatar_codingonion.jpg"/>
<br/>
<b>
codingonion
</b>
<br/>
<sub>
Zig, Rust
</sub>
</a>
</div>
<div class="profile-cell">
<a href="https://github.com/curtishd">
<img alt="Reviewer: curtishd" class="profile-img" src="../assets/avatar/avatar_curtishd.jpg"/>
<br/>
<b>
curtishd
</b>
<br/>
<sub>
Kotlin
</sub>
</a>
</div>
<div class="profile-cell">
<a href="https://github.com/Gonglja">
<img alt="Reviewer: Gonglja" class="profile-img" src="../assets/avatar/avatar_Gonglja.jpg"/>
<br/>
<b>
Gonglja
</b>
<br/>
<sub>
C, C++
</sub>
</a>
</div>
<div class="profile-cell">
<a href="https://github.com/gvenusleo">
<img alt="Reviewer: gvenusleo" class="profile-img" src="../assets/avatar/avatar_gvenusleo.jpg"/>
<br/>
<b>
gvenusleo
</b>
<br/>
<sub>
Dart
</sub>
</a>
</div>
<div class="profile-cell">
<a href="https://github.com/hpstory">
<img alt="Reviewer: hpstory" class="profile-img" src="../assets/avatar/avatar_hpstory.jpg"/>
<br/>
<b>
hpstory
</b>
<br/>
<sub>
C#
</sub>
</a>
</div>
<div class="profile-cell">
<a href="https://github.com/justin-tse">
<img alt="Reviewer: justin-tse" class="profile-img" src="../assets/avatar/avatar_justin-tse.jpg"/>
<br/>
<b>
justin-tse
</b>
<br/>
<sub>
JS, TS
</sub>
</a>
</div>
<div class="profile-cell">
<a href="https://github.com/khoaxuantu">
<img alt="Reviewer: khoaxuantu" class="profile-img" src="../assets/avatar/avatar_khoaxuantu.jpg"/>
<br/>
<b>
khoaxuantu
</b>
<br/>
<sub>
Ruby
</sub>
</a>
</div>
<div class="profile-cell">
<a href="https://github.com/krahets">
<img alt="Reviewer: krahets" class="profile-img" src="../assets/avatar/avatar_krahets.jpg"/>
<br/>
<b>
krahets
</b>
<br/>
<sub>
Python, Java
</sub>
</a>
</div>
<div class="profile-cell">
<a href="https://github.com/night-cruise">
<img alt="Reviewer: night-cruise" class="profile-img" src="../assets/avatar/avatar_night-cruise.jpg"/>
<br/>
<b>
night-cruise
</b>
<br/>
<sub>
Rust
</sub>
</a>
</div>
<div class="profile-cell">
<a href="https://github.com/nuomi1">
<img alt="Reviewer: nuomi1" class="profile-img" src="../assets/avatar/avatar_nuomi1.jpg"/>
<br/>
<b>
nuomi1
</b>
<br/>
<sub>
Swift
</sub>
</a>
</div>
<div class="profile-cell">
<a href="https://github.com/Reanon">
<img alt="Reviewer: Reanon" class="profile-img" src="../assets/avatar/avatar_Reanon.jpg"/>
<br/>
<b>
Reanon
</b>
<br/>
<sub>
Go, C
</sub>
</a>
</div>
<div class="profile-cell">
<a href="https://github.com/rongyi">
<img alt="Reviewer: rongyi" class="profile-img" src="../assets/avatar/avatar_rongyi.jpg"/>
<br/>
<b>
rongyi
</b>
<br/>
<sub>
Rust
</sub>
</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div style="margin: 2em auto;">
<h3>
繁體版審閱者
</h3>
<div class="profile-div">
<div class="profile-cell">
<a href="https://github.com/Shyam-Chen">
<img alt="Reviewer: Shyam-Chen" class="profile-img" src="../assets/avatar/avatar_Shyam-Chen.jpg"/>
<br/>
<b>
Shyam-Chen
</b>
</a>
</div>
<div class="profile-cell">
<a href="https://github.com/Dr-XYZ">
<img alt="Reviewer: Dr-XYZ" class="profile-img" src="../assets/avatar/avatar_Dr-XYZ.jpg"/>
<br/>
<b>
Dr-XYZ
</b>
</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div style="margin: 2em auto;">
<h3>
貢獻者
</h3>
<p>
本書在開源社群一百多位貢獻者的共同努力下不斷完善,感謝他們付出的時間與精力!
</p>
<a href="https://github.com/krahets/hello-algo/graphs/contributors">
<img alt="Contributors" src="https://contrib.rocks/image?repo=krahets/hello-algo&amp;max=300&amp;columns=16" style="width: 100%; max-width: 38.5em;"/>
</a>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<main class="md-main" data-md-component="main" style="height: 0;">
<div class="md-main__inner md-grid">
<div class="md-sidebar md-sidebar--primary" data-md-component="sidebar" data-md-type="navigation" hidden="">
<div class="md-sidebar__scrollwrap">
<div class="md-sidebar__inner">
<nav aria-label="導航" class="md-nav md-nav--primary" data-md-level="0">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__drawer">
<a aria-label="Hello 演算法" class="md-nav__button md-logo" data-md-component="logo" href="." title="Hello 演算法">
<img alt="logo" src="assets/images/logo.svg"/>
</a>
Hello 演算法
</label>
<div class="md-nav__source">
<a class="md-source" data-md-component="source" href="https://github.com/krahets/hello-algo" title="前往倉庫">
<div class="md-source__icon md-icon">
<svg viewbox="0 0 496 512" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<!--! Font Awesome Free 6.5.1 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2023 Fonticons, Inc.-->
<path d="M165.9 397.4c0 2-2.3 3.6-5.2 3.6-3.3.3-5.6-1.3-5.6-3.6 0-2 2.3-3.6 5.2-3.6 3-.3 5.6 1.3 5.6 3.6zm-31.1-4.5c-.7 2 1.3 4.3 4.3 4.9 2.6 1 5.6 0 6.2-2s-1.3-4.3-4.3-5.2c-2.6-.7-5.5.3-6.2 2.3zm44.2-1.7c-2.9.7-4.9 2.6-4.6 4.9.3 2 2.9 3.3 5.9 2.6 2.9-.7 4.9-2.6 4.6-4.6-.3-1.9-3-3.2-5.9-2.9zM244.8 8C106.1 8 0 113.3 0 252c0 110.9 69.8 205.8 169.5 239.2 12.8 2.3 17.3-5.6 17.3-12.1 0-6.2-.3-40.4-.3-61.4 0 0-70 15-84.7-29.8 0 0-11.4-29.1-27.8-36.6 0 0-22.9-15.7 1.6-15.4 0 0 24.9 2 38.6 25.8 21.9 38.6 58.6 27.5 72.9 20.9 2.3-16 8.8-27.1 16-33.7-55.9-6.2-112.3-14.3-112.3-110.5 0-27.5 7.6-41.3 23.6-58.9-2.6-6.5-11.1-33.3 2.6-67.9 20.9-6.5 69 27 69 27 20-5.6 41.5-8.5 62.8-8.5s42.8 2.9 62.8 8.5c0 0 48.1-33.6 69-27 13.7 34.7 5.2 61.4 2.6 67.9 16 17.7 25.8 31.5 25.8 58.9 0 96.5-58.9 104.2-114.8 110.5 9.2 7.9 17 22.9 17 46.4 0 33.7-.3 75.4-.3 83.6 0 6.5 4.6 14.4 17.3 12.1C428.2 457.8 496 362.9 496 252 496 113.3 383.5 8 244.8 8zM97.2 352.9c-1.3 1-1 3.3.7 5.2 1.6 1.6 3.9 2.3 5.2 1 1.3-1 1-3.3-.7-5.2-1.6-1.6-3.9-2.3-5.2-1zm-10.8-8.1c-.7 1.3.3 2.9 2.3 3.9 1.6 1 3.6.7 4.3-.7.7-1.3-.3-2.9-2.3-3.9-2-.6-3.6-.3-4.3.7zm32.4 35.6c-1.6 1.3-1 4.3 1.3 6.2 2.3 2.3 5.2 2.6 6.5 1 1.3-1.3.7-4.3-1.3-6.2-2.2-2.3-5.2-2.6-6.5-1zm-11.4-14.7c-1.6 1-1.6 3.6 0 5.9 1.6 2.3 4.3 3.3 5.6 2.3 1.6-1.3 1.6-3.9 0-6.2-1.4-2.3-4-3.3-5.6-2z">
</path>
</svg>
</div>
<div class="md-source__repository">
krahets/hello-algo
</div>
</a>
</div>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix="">
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" id="__nav_1" type="checkbox"/>
<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_hello_algo/">
<svg viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<path d="m13.13 22.19-1.63-3.83c1.57-.58 3.04-1.36 4.4-2.27l-2.77 6.1M5.64 12.5l-3.83-1.63 6.1-2.77C7 9.46 6.22 10.93 5.64 12.5M19.22 4c.28 0 .53 0 .74.05.17 1.39-.02 4.25-3.3 7.53-1.7 1.71-3.73 3.02-6.01 3.89l-2.15-2.1c.92-2.31 2.23-4.34 3.92-6.03C15.18 4.58 17.64 4 19.22 4m0-2c-1.98 0-4.98.69-8.22 3.93-2.19 2.19-3.5 4.6-4.35 6.71-.28.75-.09 1.57.46 2.13l2.13 2.12c.38.38.89.61 1.42.61.23 0 .47-.06.7-.15A19.1 19.1 0 0 0 18.07 13c5.66-5.66 3.54-10.61 3.54-10.61S20.7 2 19.22 2m-4.68 7.46c-.78-.78-.78-2.05 0-2.83s2.05-.78 2.83 0c.77.78.78 2.05 0 2.83-.78.78-2.05.78-2.83 0m-5.66 7.07-1.41-1.41 1.41 1.41M6.24 22l3.64-3.64c-.34-.09-.67-.24-.97-.45L4.83 22h1.41M2 22h1.41l4.77-4.76-1.42-1.41L2 20.59V22m0-2.83 4.09-4.08c-.21-.3-.36-.62-.45-.97L2 17.76v1.41Z">
</path>
</svg>
<span class="md-ellipsis">
</span>
</a>
</div>
<nav aria-expanded="false" aria-labelledby="__nav_1_label" class="md-nav" data-md-level="1">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_1">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
</span>
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix="">
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" id="__nav_2" type="checkbox"/>
<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_preface/">
<svg viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<path d="M21 4H3a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v13a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h18a2 2 0 0 0 2-2V6a2 2 0 0 0-2-2M3 19V6h8v13H3m18 0h-8V6h8v13m-7-9.5h6V11h-6V9.5m0 2.5h6v1.5h-6V12m0 2.5h6V16h-6v-1.5Z">
</path>
</svg>
<span class="md-ellipsis">
第 0 章   前言
</span>
</a>
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_2" id="__nav_2_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
</span>
</label>
</div>
<nav aria-expanded="false" aria-labelledby="__nav_2_label" class="md-nav" data-md-level="1">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_2">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
</span>
第 0 章   前言
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix="">
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_preface/about_the_book/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
0.1   關於本書
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_preface/suggestions/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
0.2   如何使用本書
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_preface/summary/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
0.3   小結
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" id="__nav_3" type="checkbox"/>
<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_introduction/">
<svg viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<path d="M19 3H5c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h14c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V5c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2m0 16H5V5h14v14M6.2 7.7h5v1.5h-5V7.7m6.8 8.1h5v1.5h-5v-1.5m0-2.6h5v1.5h-5v-1.5M8 18h1.5v-2h2v-1.5h-2v-2H8v2H6V16h2v2m6.1-7.1 1.4-1.4 1.4 1.4 1.1-1-1.4-1.4L18 7.1 16.9 6l-1.4 1.4L14.1 6 13 7.1l1.4 1.4L13 9.9l1.1 1Z">
</path>
</svg>
<span class="md-ellipsis">
第 1 章   初識演算法
</span>
</a>
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_3" id="__nav_3_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
</span>
</label>
</div>
<nav aria-expanded="false" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_label" class="md-nav" data-md-level="1">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
</span>
第 1 章   初識演算法
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix="">
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_introduction/algorithms_are_everywhere/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
1.1   演算法無處不在
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_introduction/what_is_dsa/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
1.2   演算法是什麼
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_introduction/summary/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
1.3   小結
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" id="__nav_4" type="checkbox"/>
<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_computational_complexity/">
<svg viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<path d="M6 2h12v6l-4 4 4 4v6H6v-6l4-4-4-4V2m10 14.5-4-4-4 4V20h8v-3.5m-4-5 4-4V4H8v3.5l4 4M10 6h4v.75l-2 2-2-2V6Z">
</path>
</svg>
<span class="md-ellipsis">
第 2 章   複雜度分析
</span>
</a>
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_4" id="__nav_4_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
</span>
</label>
</div>
<nav aria-expanded="false" aria-labelledby="__nav_4_label" class="md-nav" data-md-level="1">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_4">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
</span>
第 2 章   複雜度分析
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix="">
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_computational_complexity/performance_evaluation/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
2.1   演算法效率評估
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_computational_complexity/iteration_and_recursion/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
2.2   迭代與遞迴
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_computational_complexity/time_complexity/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
2.3   時間複雜度
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_computational_complexity/space_complexity/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
2.4   空間複雜度
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_computational_complexity/summary/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
2.5   小結
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" id="__nav_5" type="checkbox"/>
<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_data_structure/">
<svg viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<path d="M11 13.5v8H3v-8h8m-2 2H5v4h4v-4M12 2l5.5 9h-11L12 2m0 3.86L10.08 9h3.84L12 5.86M17.5 13c2.5 0 4.5 2 4.5 4.5S20 22 17.5 22 13 20 13 17.5s2-4.5 4.5-4.5m0 2a2.5 2.5 0 0 0-2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 0 0 0 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 0 0 0 2.5-2.5 2.5 2.5 0 0 0-2.5-2.5Z">
</path>
</svg>
<span class="md-ellipsis">
第 3 章   資料結構
</span>
</a>
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_5" id="__nav_5_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
</span>
</label>
</div>
<nav aria-expanded="false" aria-labelledby="__nav_5_label" class="md-nav" data-md-level="1">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_5">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
</span>
第 3 章   資料結構
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix="">
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_data_structure/classification_of_data_structure/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
3.1   資料結構分類
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_data_structure/basic_data_types/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
3.2   基本資料型別
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_data_structure/number_encoding/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
3.3   數字編碼 *
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_data_structure/character_encoding/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
3.4   字元編碼 *
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_data_structure/summary/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
3.5   小結
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" id="__nav_6" type="checkbox"/>
<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_array_and_linkedlist/">
<svg viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<path d="M3 5v14h17V5H3m4 2v2H5V7h2m-2 6v-2h2v2H5m0 2h2v2H5v-2m13 2H9v-2h9v2m0-4H9v-2h9v2m0-4H9V7h9v2Z">
</path>
</svg>
<span class="md-ellipsis">
第 4 章   陣列與鏈結串列
</span>
</a>
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_6" id="__nav_6_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
</span>
</label>
</div>
<nav aria-expanded="false" aria-labelledby="__nav_6_label" class="md-nav" data-md-level="1">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_6">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
</span>
第 4 章   陣列與鏈結串列
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix="">
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_array_and_linkedlist/array/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
4.1   陣列
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_array_and_linkedlist/linked_list/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
4.2   鏈結串列
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_array_and_linkedlist/list/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
4.3   串列
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_array_and_linkedlist/ram_and_cache/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
4.4   記憶體與快取 *
</span>
<span class="md-status md-status--new" title="最近新增">
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_array_and_linkedlist/summary/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
4.5   小結
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" id="__nav_7" type="checkbox"/>
<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_stack_and_queue/">
<svg viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<path d="M17.36 20.2v-5.38h1.79V22H3v-7.18h1.8v5.38h12.56M6.77 14.32l.37-1.76 8.79 1.85-.37 1.76-8.79-1.85m1.16-4.21.76-1.61 8.14 3.78-.76 1.62-8.14-3.79m2.26-3.99 1.15-1.38 6.9 5.76-1.15 1.37-6.9-5.75m4.45-4.25L20 9.08l-1.44 1.07-5.36-7.21 1.44-1.07M6.59 18.41v-1.8h8.98v1.8H6.59Z">
</path>
</svg>
<span class="md-ellipsis">
第 5 章   堆疊與佇列
</span>
</a>
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_7" id="__nav_7_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
</span>
</label>
</div>
<nav aria-expanded="false" aria-labelledby="__nav_7_label" class="md-nav" data-md-level="1">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_7">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
</span>
第 5 章   堆疊與佇列
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix="">
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_stack_and_queue/stack/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
5.1   堆疊
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_stack_and_queue/queue/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
5.2   佇列
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_stack_and_queue/deque/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
5.3   雙向佇列
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_stack_and_queue/summary/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
5.4   小結
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" id="__nav_8" type="checkbox"/>
<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_hashing/">
<svg viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<path d="M19.3 17.89c1.32-2.1.7-4.89-1.41-6.21a4.52 4.52 0 0 0-6.21 1.41C10.36 15.2 11 18 13.09 19.3c1.47.92 3.33.92 4.8 0L21 22.39 22.39 21l-3.09-3.11m-2-.62c-.98.98-2.56.97-3.54 0-.97-.98-.97-2.56.01-3.54.97-.97 2.55-.97 3.53 0 .96.99.95 2.57-.03 3.54h.03M19 4H5a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h5.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1-1.31-2H5v-4h4.18c.16-.71.43-1.39.82-2H5V8h6v2.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1 2-1.31V8h6v2a6.499 6.499 0 0 1 2 2V6a2 2 0 0 0-2-2Z">
</path>
</svg>
<span class="md-ellipsis">
第 6 章   雜湊表
</span>
</a>
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_8" id="__nav_8_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
</span>
</label>
</div>
<nav aria-expanded="false" aria-labelledby="__nav_8_label" class="md-nav" data-md-level="1">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_8">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
</span>
第 6 章   雜湊表
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix="">
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_hashing/hash_map/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
6.1   雜湊表
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_hashing/hash_collision/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
6.2   雜湊衝突
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_hashing/hash_algorithm/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
6.3   雜湊演算法
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_hashing/summary/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
6.4   小結
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" id="__nav_9" type="checkbox"/>
<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_tree/">
<svg viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<path d="M19.5 17c-.14 0-.26 0-.39.04L17.5 13.8c.45-.45.75-1.09.75-1.8a2.5 2.5 0 0 0-2.5-2.5c-.14 0-.25 0-.4.04L13.74 6.3c.47-.46.76-1.09.76-1.8a2.5 2.5 0 0 0-5 0c0 .7.29 1.34.76 1.79L8.65 9.54c-.15-.04-.26-.04-.4-.04a2.5 2.5 0 0 0-2.5 2.5c0 .71.29 1.34.75 1.79l-1.61 3.25C4.76 17 4.64 17 4.5 17a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 0 5A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 7 19.5c0-.7-.29-1.34-.76-1.79l1.62-3.25c.14.04.26.04.39.04s.25 0 .38-.04l1.63 3.25c-.47.45-.76 1.09-.76 1.79a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 5 0A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 12 17c-.13 0-.26 0-.39.04L10 13.8c.45-.45.75-1.09.75-1.8 0-.7-.29-1.33-.75-1.79l1.61-3.25c.13.04.26.04.39.04s.26 0 .39-.04L14 10.21a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 1.75 4.29c.13 0 .25 0 .38-.04l1.63 3.25c-.47.45-.76 1.09-.76 1.79a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 5 0 2.5 2.5 0 0 0-2.5-2.5m-15 3.5c-.55 0-1-.45-1-1s.45-1 1-1 1 .45 1 1-.45 1-1 1m8.5-1c0 .55-.45 1-1 1s-1-.45-1-1 .45-1 1-1 1 .45 1 1M7.25 12c0-.55.45-1 1-1s1 .45 1 1-.45 1-1 1-1-.45-1-1M11 4.5c0-.55.45-1 1-1s1 .45 1 1-.45 1-1 1-1-.45-1-1m3.75 7.5c0-.55.45-1 1-1s1 .45 1 1-.45 1-1 1-1-.45-1-1m4.75 8.5c-.55 0-1-.45-1-1s.45-1 1-1 1 .45 1 1-.45 1-1 1Z">
</path>
</svg>
<span class="md-ellipsis">
第 7 章  
</span>
</a>
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_9" id="__nav_9_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
</span>
</label>
</div>
<nav aria-expanded="false" aria-labelledby="__nav_9_label" class="md-nav" data-md-level="1">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_9">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
</span>
第 7 章  
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix="">
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_tree/binary_tree/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
7.1   二元樹
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_tree/binary_tree_traversal/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
7.2   二元樹走訪
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_tree/array_representation_of_tree/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
7.3   二元樹陣列表示
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_tree/binary_search_tree/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
7.4   二元搜尋樹
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_tree/avl_tree/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
7.5   AVL *
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_tree/summary/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
7.6   小結
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" id="__nav_10" type="checkbox"/>
<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_heap/">
<svg viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<path d="M12 1a2.5 2.5 0 0 0-2.5 2.5A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 11 5.79V7H7a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v.71A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 3.5 12 2.5 2.5 0 0 0 5 14.29V15H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v1.21A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 .5 20.5 2.5 2.5 0 0 0 3 23a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 2.5-2.5A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 4 18.21V17h4v1.21a2.5 2.5 0 0 0-1.5 2.29A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 9 23a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 2.5-2.5 2.5 2.5 0 0 0-1.5-2.29V17a2 2 0 0 0-2-2H7v-.71A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 8.5 12 2.5 2.5 0 0 0 7 9.71V9h10v.71A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 15.5 12a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 1.5 2.29V15h-1a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v1.21a2.5 2.5 0 0 0-1.5 2.29A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 15 23a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 2.5-2.5 2.5 2.5 0 0 0-1.5-2.29V17h4v1.21a2.5 2.5 0 0 0-1.5 2.29A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 21 23a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 2.5-2.5 2.5 2.5 0 0 0-1.5-2.29V17a2 2 0 0 0-2-2h-1v-.71A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 20.5 12 2.5 2.5 0 0 0 19 9.71V9a2 2 0 0 0-2-2h-4V5.79a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 1.5-2.29A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 12 1m0 1.5a1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1-1 1 1 0 0 1 1-1M6 11a1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1-1 1 1 0 0 1 1-1m12 0a1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1-1 1 1 0 0 1 1-1M3 19.5a1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1-1 1 1 0 0 1 1-1m6 0a1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1-1 1 1 0 0 1 1-1m6 0a1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1-1 1 1 0 0 1 1-1m6 0a1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1-1 1 1 0 0 1 1-1Z">
</path>
</svg>
<span class="md-ellipsis">
第 8 章   堆積
</span>
</a>
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_10" id="__nav_10_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
</span>
</label>
</div>
<nav aria-expanded="false" aria-labelledby="__nav_10_label" class="md-nav" data-md-level="1">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_10">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
</span>
第 8 章   堆積
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix="">
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_heap/heap/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
8.1   堆積
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_heap/build_heap/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
8.2   建堆積操作
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_heap/top_k/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
8.3   Top-k 問題
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_heap/summary/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
8.4   小結
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" id="__nav_11" type="checkbox"/>
<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_graph/">
<svg viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<path d="m12 5.37-.44-.06L6 14.9c.24.21.4.48.47.78h11.06c.07-.3.23-.57.47-.78l-5.56-9.59-.44.06M6.6 16.53l4.28 2.53c.29-.27.69-.43 1.12-.43.43 0 .83.16 1.12.43l4.28-2.53H6.6M12 22a1.68 1.68 0 0 1-1.68-1.68l.09-.56-4.3-2.55c-.31.36-.76.58-1.27.58a1.68 1.68 0 0 1-1.68-1.68c0-.79.53-1.45 1.26-1.64V9.36c-.83-.11-1.47-.82-1.47-1.68A1.68 1.68 0 0 1 4.63 6c.55 0 1.03.26 1.34.66l4.41-2.53-.06-.45c0-.93.75-1.68 1.68-1.68.93 0 1.68.75 1.68 1.68l-.06.45 4.41 2.53c.31-.4.79-.66 1.34-.66a1.68 1.68 0 0 1 1.68 1.68c0 .86-.64 1.57-1.47 1.68v5.11c.73.19 1.26.85 1.26 1.64a1.68 1.68 0 0 1-1.68 1.68c-.51 0-.96-.22-1.27-.58l-4.3 2.55.09.56A1.68 1.68 0 0 1 12 22M10.8 4.86 6.3 7.44l.02.24c0 .71-.44 1.32-1.06 1.57l.03 5.25 5.51-9.64m2.4 0 5.51 9.64.03-5.25c-.62-.25-1.06-.86-1.06-1.57l.02-.24-4.5-2.58Z">
</path>
</svg>
<span class="md-ellipsis">
第 9 章  
</span>
</a>
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_11" id="__nav_11_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
</span>
</label>
</div>
<nav aria-expanded="false" aria-labelledby="__nav_11_label" class="md-nav" data-md-level="1">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_11">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
</span>
第 9 章  
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix="">
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_graph/graph/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
9.1  
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_graph/graph_operations/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
9.2   圖基礎操作
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_graph/graph_traversal/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
9.3   圖的走訪
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_graph/summary/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
9.4   小結
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" id="__nav_12" type="checkbox"/>
<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_searching/">
<svg viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<path d="m19.31 18.9 3.08 3.1L21 23.39l-3.12-3.07c-.69.43-1.51.68-2.38.68-2.5 0-4.5-2-4.5-4.5s2-4.5 4.5-4.5 4.5 2 4.5 4.5c0 .88-.25 1.71-.69 2.4m-3.81.1a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 0-5 2.5 2.5 0 0 0 0 5M21 4v2H3V4h18M3 16v-2h6v2H3m0-5V9h18v2h-2.03c-1.01-.63-2.2-1-3.47-1s-2.46.37-3.47 1H3Z">
</path>
</svg>
<span class="md-ellipsis">
第 10 章   搜尋
</span>
</a>
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_12" id="__nav_12_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
</span>
</label>
</div>
<nav aria-expanded="false" aria-labelledby="__nav_12_label" class="md-nav" data-md-level="1">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_12">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
</span>
第 10 章   搜尋
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix="">
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_searching/binary_search/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
10.1   二分搜尋
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_searching/binary_search_insertion/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
10.2   二分搜尋插入點
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_searching/binary_search_edge/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
10.3   二分搜尋邊界
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_searching/replace_linear_by_hashing/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
10.4   雜湊最佳化策略
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_searching/searching_algorithm_revisited/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
10.5   重識搜尋演算法
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_searching/summary/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
10.6   小結
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" id="__nav_13" type="checkbox"/>
<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_sorting/">
<svg viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<path d="M19 17h3l-4 4-4-4h3V3h2M2 17h10v2H2M6 5v2H2V5m0 6h7v2H2v-2Z">
</path>
</svg>
<span class="md-ellipsis">
第 11 章   排序
</span>
</a>
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_13" id="__nav_13_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
</span>
</label>
</div>
<nav aria-expanded="false" aria-labelledby="__nav_13_label" class="md-nav" data-md-level="1">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_13">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
</span>
第 11 章   排序
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix="">
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_sorting/sorting_algorithm/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
11.1   排序演算法
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_sorting/selection_sort/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
11.2   選擇排序
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_sorting/bubble_sort/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
11.3   泡沫排序
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_sorting/insertion_sort/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
11.4   插入排序
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_sorting/quick_sort/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
11.5   快速排序
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_sorting/merge_sort/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
11.6   合併排序
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_sorting/heap_sort/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
11.7   堆積排序
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_sorting/bucket_sort/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
11.8   桶排序
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_sorting/counting_sort/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
11.9   計數排序
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_sorting/radix_sort/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
11.10   基數排序
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_sorting/summary/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
11.11   小結
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" id="__nav_14" type="checkbox"/>
<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_divide_and_conquer/">
<svg viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<path d="M17 7v2h5V7h-5M2 9v6h5V9H2m10 0v2H9v2h3v2l3-3-3-3m5 2v2h5v-2h-5m0 4v2h5v-2h-5Z">
</path>
</svg>
<span class="md-ellipsis">
第 12 章   分治
</span>
</a>
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_14" id="__nav_14_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
</span>
</label>
</div>
<nav aria-expanded="false" aria-labelledby="__nav_14_label" class="md-nav" data-md-level="1">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_14">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
</span>
第 12 章   分治
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix="">
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_divide_and_conquer/divide_and_conquer/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
12.1   分治演算法
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_divide_and_conquer/binary_search_recur/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
12.2   分治搜尋策略
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_divide_and_conquer/build_binary_tree_problem/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
12.3   構建樹問題
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_divide_and_conquer/hanota_problem/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
12.4   河內塔問題
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_divide_and_conquer/summary/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
12.5   小結
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" id="__nav_15" type="checkbox"/>
<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_backtracking/">
<svg viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<path d="M18 15a3 3 0 0 1 3 3 3 3 0 0 1-3 3 2.99 2.99 0 0 1-2.83-2H14v-2h1.17c.41-1.17 1.52-2 2.83-2m0 2a1 1 0 0 0-1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1-1 1 1 0 0 0-1-1m0-9a1.43 1.43 0 0 0 1.43-1.43 1.43 1.43 0 1 0-2.86 0A1.43 1.43 0 0 0 18 8m0-5.43a4 4 0 0 1 4 4C22 9.56 18 14 18 14s-4-4.44-4-7.43a4 4 0 0 1 4-4M8.83 17H10v2H8.83A2.99 2.99 0 0 1 6 21a3 3 0 0 1-3-3c0-1.31.83-2.42 2-2.83V14h2v1.17c.85.3 1.53.98 1.83 1.83M6 17a1 1 0 0 0-1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1-1 1 1 0 0 0-1-1M6 3a3 3 0 0 1 3 3c0 1.31-.83 2.42-2 2.83V10H5V8.83A2.99 2.99 0 0 1 3 6a3 3 0 0 1 3-3m0 2a1 1 0 0 0-1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1-1 1 1 0 0 0-1-1m5 14v-2h2v2h-2m-4-6H5v-2h2v2Z">
</path>
</svg>
<span class="md-ellipsis">
第 13 章   回溯
</span>
</a>
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_15" id="__nav_15_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
</span>
</label>
</div>
<nav aria-expanded="false" aria-labelledby="__nav_15_label" class="md-nav" data-md-level="1">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_15">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
</span>
第 13 章   回溯
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix="">
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_backtracking/backtracking_algorithm/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
13.1   回溯演算法
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_backtracking/permutations_problem/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
13.2   全排列問題
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_backtracking/subset_sum_problem/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
13.3   子集和問題
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_backtracking/n_queens_problem/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
13.4   N 皇后問題
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_backtracking/summary/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
13.5   小結
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" id="__nav_16" type="checkbox"/>
<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_dynamic_programming/">
<svg viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<path d="M22 15h-2v3c0 1.11-.89 2-2 2h-3v2l-3-3 3-3v2h3v-3h-2l3-3 3 3m0-11v4c0 1.1-.9 2-2 2H10v10c0 1.1-.9 2-2 2H4c-1.1 0-2-.9-2-2V4c0-1.1.9-2 2-2h16c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2M4 8h4V4H4v4m0 2v4h4v-4H4m4 10v-4H4v4h4m6-12V4h-4v4h4m6-4h-4v4h4V4Z">
</path>
</svg>
<span class="md-ellipsis">
第 14 章   動態規劃
</span>
</a>
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_16" id="__nav_16_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
</span>
</label>
</div>
<nav aria-expanded="false" aria-labelledby="__nav_16_label" class="md-nav" data-md-level="1">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_16">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
</span>
第 14 章   動態規劃
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix="">
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_dynamic_programming/intro_to_dynamic_programming/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
14.1   初探動態規劃
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_dynamic_programming/dp_problem_features/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
14.2   DP 問題特性
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_dynamic_programming/dp_solution_pipeline/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
14.3   DP 解題思路
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_dynamic_programming/knapsack_problem/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
14.4   0-1 背包問題
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_dynamic_programming/unbounded_knapsack_problem/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
14.5   完全背包問題
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_dynamic_programming/edit_distance_problem/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
14.6   編輯距離問題
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_dynamic_programming/summary/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
14.7   小結
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" id="__nav_17" type="checkbox"/>
<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_greedy/">
<svg viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<path d="M13 3c3.88 0 7 3.14 7 7 0 2.8-1.63 5.19-4 6.31V21H9v-3H8c-1.11 0-2-.89-2-2v-3H4.5c-.42 0-.66-.5-.42-.81L6 9.66A7.003 7.003 0 0 1 13 3m0-2C8.41 1 4.61 4.42 4.06 8.9L2.5 11h-.03l-.02.03c-.55.76-.62 1.76-.19 2.59.36.69 1 1.17 1.74 1.32V16c0 1.85 1.28 3.42 3 3.87V23h11v-5.5c2.5-1.67 4-4.44 4-7.5 0-4.97-4.04-9-9-9m4 7.83c0 1.54-1.36 2.77-3.42 4.64L13 14l-.58-.53C10.36 11.6 9 10.37 9 8.83c0-1.2.96-2.19 2.16-2.2h.04c.69 0 1.35.31 1.8.83.45-.52 1.11-.83 1.8-.83 1.2-.01 2.2.96 2.2 2.16v.04Z">
</path>
</svg>
<span class="md-ellipsis">
第 15 章   貪婪
</span>
</a>
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_17" id="__nav_17_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
</span>
</label>
</div>
<nav aria-expanded="false" aria-labelledby="__nav_17_label" class="md-nav" data-md-level="1">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_17">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
</span>
第 15 章   貪婪
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix="">
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_greedy/greedy_algorithm/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
15.1   貪婪演算法
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_greedy/fractional_knapsack_problem/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
15.2   分數背包問題
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_greedy/max_capacity_problem/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
15.3   最大容量問題
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_greedy/max_product_cutting_problem/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
15.4   最大切分乘積問題
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_greedy/summary/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
15.5   小結
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" id="__nav_18" type="checkbox"/>
<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_appendix/">
<svg viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<path d="M11 18h2v-2h-2v2m1-16A10 10 0 0 0 2 12a10 10 0 0 0 10 10 10 10 0 0 0 10-10A10 10 0 0 0 12 2m0 18c-4.41 0-8-3.59-8-8s3.59-8 8-8 8 3.59 8 8-3.59 8-8 8m0-14a4 4 0 0 0-4 4h2a2 2 0 0 1 2-2 2 2 0 0 1 2 2c0 2-3 1.75-3 5h2c0-2.25 3-2.5 3-5a4 4 0 0 0-4-4Z">
</path>
</svg>
<span class="md-ellipsis">
第 16 章   附錄
</span>
</a>
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_18" id="__nav_18_label" tabindex="0">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
</span>
</label>
</div>
<nav aria-expanded="false" aria-labelledby="__nav_18_label" class="md-nav" data-md-level="1">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_18">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
</span>
第 16 章   附錄
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix="">
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_appendix/installation/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
16.1   程式設計環境安裝
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_appendix/contribution/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
16.2   一起參與創作
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_appendix/terminology/">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
16.3   術語表
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" id="__nav_19" type="checkbox"/>
<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_reference/">
<svg viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<path d="M9 3v15h3V3H9m3 2 4 13 3-1-4-13-3 1M5 5v13h3V5H5M3 19v2h18v-2H3Z">
</path>
</svg>
<span class="md-ellipsis">
參考文獻
</span>
</a>
</div>
<nav aria-expanded="false" aria-labelledby="__nav_19_label" class="md-nav" data-md-level="1">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_19">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
</span>
參考文獻
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix="">
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="md-sidebar md-sidebar--secondary" data-md-component="sidebar" data-md-type="toc" hidden="">
<div class="md-sidebar__scrollwrap">
<div class="md-sidebar__inner">
<nav aria-label="目錄" class="md-nav md-nav--secondary">
</nav>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="md-content" data-md-component="content">
<article class="md-content__inner md-typeset">
<nav aria-label="頁脚" class="md-footer__inner md-grid">
</nav>
</article>
</div>
<script>
var tabs=__md_get("__tabs");if(Array.isArray(tabs))e:for(var set of document.querySelectorAll(".tabbed-set")){var tab,labels=set.querySelector(".tabbed-labels");for(tab of tabs)for(var label of labels.getElementsByTagName("label"))if(label.innerText.trim()===tab){var input=document.getElementById(label.htmlFor);input.checked=!0;continue e}}
</script>
<script>
var target=document.getElementById(location.hash.slice(1));target&&target.name&&(target.checked=target.name.startsWith("__tabbed_"))
</script>
</div>
<button class="md-top md-icon" data-md-component="top" hidden="" type="button">
<svg viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<path d="M13 20h-2V8l-5.5 5.5-1.42-1.42L12 4.16l7.92 7.92-1.42 1.42L13 8v12Z">
</path>
</svg>
回到頂部
</button>
</main>
<footer class="md-footer">
<div class="md-footer-meta md-typeset">
<div class="md-footer-meta__inner md-grid">
<div class="md-copyright">
<div class="md-copyright__highlight">
Copyright © 2024 krahets
<br/>
The website content is licensed under
<a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/">
CC BY-NC-SA 4.0
</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="md-social">
<a class="md-social__link" href="https://github.com/krahets" rel="noopener" target="_blank" title="github.com">
<svg viewbox="0 0 496 512" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<!--! Font Awesome Free 6.5.1 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2023 Fonticons, Inc.-->
<path d="M165.9 397.4c0 2-2.3 3.6-5.2 3.6-3.3.3-5.6-1.3-5.6-3.6 0-2 2.3-3.6 5.2-3.6 3-.3 5.6 1.3 5.6 3.6zm-31.1-4.5c-.7 2 1.3 4.3 4.3 4.9 2.6 1 5.6 0 6.2-2s-1.3-4.3-4.3-5.2c-2.6-.7-5.5.3-6.2 2.3zm44.2-1.7c-2.9.7-4.9 2.6-4.6 4.9.3 2 2.9 3.3 5.9 2.6 2.9-.7 4.9-2.6 4.6-4.6-.3-1.9-3-3.2-5.9-2.9zM244.8 8C106.1 8 0 113.3 0 252c0 110.9 69.8 205.8 169.5 239.2 12.8 2.3 17.3-5.6 17.3-12.1 0-6.2-.3-40.4-.3-61.4 0 0-70 15-84.7-29.8 0 0-11.4-29.1-27.8-36.6 0 0-22.9-15.7 1.6-15.4 0 0 24.9 2 38.6 25.8 21.9 38.6 58.6 27.5 72.9 20.9 2.3-16 8.8-27.1 16-33.7-55.9-6.2-112.3-14.3-112.3-110.5 0-27.5 7.6-41.3 23.6-58.9-2.6-6.5-11.1-33.3 2.6-67.9 20.9-6.5 69 27 69 27 20-5.6 41.5-8.5 62.8-8.5s42.8 2.9 62.8 8.5c0 0 48.1-33.6 69-27 13.7 34.7 5.2 61.4 2.6 67.9 16 17.7 25.8 31.5 25.8 58.9 0 96.5-58.9 104.2-114.8 110.5 9.2 7.9 17 22.9 17 46.4 0 33.7-.3 75.4-.3 83.6 0 6.5 4.6 14.4 17.3 12.1C428.2 457.8 496 362.9 496 252 496 113.3 383.5 8 244.8 8zM97.2 352.9c-1.3 1-1 3.3.7 5.2 1.6 1.6 3.9 2.3 5.2 1 1.3-1 1-3.3-.7-5.2-1.6-1.6-3.9-2.3-5.2-1zm-10.8-8.1c-.7 1.3.3 2.9 2.3 3.9 1.6 1 3.6.7 4.3-.7.7-1.3-.3-2.9-2.3-3.9-2-.6-3.6-.3-4.3.7zm32.4 35.6c-1.6 1.3-1 4.3 1.3 6.2 2.3 2.3 5.2 2.6 6.5 1 1.3-1.3.7-4.3-1.3-6.2-2.2-2.3-5.2-2.6-6.5-1zm-11.4-14.7c-1.6 1-1.6 3.6 0 5.9 1.6 2.3 4.3 3.3 5.6 2.3 1.6-1.3 1.6-3.9 0-6.2-1.4-2.3-4-3.3-5.6-2z">
</path>
</svg>
</a>
<a class="md-social__link" href="https://twitter.com/krahets" rel="noopener" target="_blank" title="twitter.com">
<svg viewbox="0 0 512 512" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<!--! Font Awesome Free 6.5.1 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2023 Fonticons, Inc.-->
<path d="M389.2 48h70.6L305.6 224.2 487 464H345L233.7 318.6 106.5 464H35.8l164.9-188.5L26.8 48h145.6l100.5 132.9L389.2 48zm-24.8 373.8h39.1L151.1 88h-42l255.3 333.8z">
</path>
</svg>
</a>
<a class="md-social__link" href="https://leetcode.cn/u/jyd/" rel="noopener" target="_blank" title="leetcode.cn">
<svg viewbox="0 0 640 512" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<!--! Font Awesome Free 6.5.1 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2023 Fonticons, Inc.-->
<path d="M392.8 1.2c-17-4.9-34.7 5-39.6 22l-128 448c-4.9 17 5 34.7 22 39.6s34.7-5 39.6-22l128-448c4.9-17-5-34.7-22-39.6zm80.6 120.1c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3l89.3 89.4-89.4 89.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l112-112c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-112-112c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0zm-306.7 0c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0l-112 112c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3l112 112c12.5 12.5 32.8 12.5 45.3 0s12.5-32.8 0-45.3L77.3 256l89.4-89.4c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3z">
</path>
</svg>
</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</footer>
</div>
<div class="md-dialog" data-md-component="dialog">
<div class="md-dialog__inner md-typeset">
</div>
</div>
<script id="__config" type="application/json">
{"base": ".", "features": ["announce.dismiss", "content.action.edit", "content.code.annotate", "content.code.copy", "content.tabs.link", "content.tooltips", "navigation.indexes", "navigation.top", "navigation.footer", "navigation.tracking", "search.highlight", "search.share", "search.suggest", "toc.follow"], "search": "assets/javascripts/workers/search.b8dbb3d2.min.js", "translations": {"clipboard.copied": "\u5df2\u62f7\u8c9d", "clipboard.copy": "\u62f7\u8c9d", "search.result.more.one": "\u6b64\u9801\u5c1a\u6709 1 \u500b\u7b26\u5408\u7684\u9805\u76ee", "search.result.more.other": "\u6b64\u9801\u5c1a\u6709 # \u500b\u7b26\u5408\u7684\u9805\u76ee", "search.result.none": "\u6c92\u6709\u627e\u5230\u7b26\u5408\u689d\u4ef6\u7684\u7d50\u679c", "search.result.one": "\u627e\u5230 1 \u4e2a\u7b26\u5408\u689d\u4ef6\u7684\u7d50\u679c", "search.result.other": "\u627e\u5230 # \u500b\u7b26\u5408\u689d\u4ef6\u7684\u7d50\u679c", "search.result.placeholder": "\u9375\u5165\u4ee5\u958b\u59cb\u6aa2\u7d22", "search.result.term.missing": "\u7f3a\u5931", "select.version": "\u9078\u64c7\u7248\u672c"}}
</script>
<script src="assets/javascripts/bundle.c18c5fb9.min.js">
</script>
<script src="javascripts/mathjax.js">
</script>
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/mathjax/3.2.2/es5/tex-mml-chtml.min.js">
</script>
</body>
</html>