You can not select more than 25 topics Topics must start with a letter or number, can include dashes ('-') and can be up to 35 characters long.
hello-algo/codes/csharp/chapter_backtracking/n_queens.cs

77 lines
2.7 KiB

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters!

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters that may be confused with others in your current locale. If your use case is intentional and legitimate, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to highlight these characters.

/**
* File: n_queens.cs
* Created Time: 2023-05-04
* Author: hpstory (hpstory1024@163.com)
*/
namespace hello_algo.chapter_backtracking;
public class n_queens {
/* 回溯算法n 皇后 */
void Backtrack(int row, int n, List<List<string>> state, List<List<List<string>>> res,
bool[] cols, bool[] diags1, bool[] diags2) {
// 当放置完所有行时,记录解
if (row == n) {
List<List<string>> copyState = [];
foreach (List<string> sRow in state) {
copyState.Add(new List<string>(sRow));
}
res.Add(copyState);
return;
}
// 遍历所有列
for (int col = 0; col < n; col++) {
// 计算该格子对应的主对角线和次对角线
int diag1 = row - col + n - 1;
int diag2 = row + col;
// 剪枝:不允许该格子所在列、主对角线、次对角线上存在皇后
if (!cols[col] && !diags1[diag1] && !diags2[diag2]) {
// 尝试:将皇后放置在该格子
state[row][col] = "Q";
cols[col] = diags1[diag1] = diags2[diag2] = true;
// 放置下一行
Backtrack(row + 1, n, state, res, cols, diags1, diags2);
// 回退:将该格子恢复为空位
state[row][col] = "#";
cols[col] = diags1[diag1] = diags2[diag2] = false;
}
}
}
/* 求解 n 皇后 */
List<List<List<string>>> NQueens(int n) {
// 初始化 n*n 大小的棋盘,其中 'Q' 代表皇后,'#' 代表空位
List<List<string>> state = [];
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
List<string> row = [];
for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
row.Add("#");
}
state.Add(row);
}
bool[] cols = new bool[n]; // 记录列是否有皇后
bool[] diags1 = new bool[2 * n - 1]; // 记录主对角线上是否有皇后
bool[] diags2 = new bool[2 * n - 1]; // 记录次对角线上是否有皇后
List<List<List<string>>> res = [];
Backtrack(0, n, state, res, cols, diags1, diags2);
return res;
}
[Test]
public void Test() {
int n = 4;
List<List<List<string>>> res = NQueens(n);
Console.WriteLine("输入棋盘长宽为 " + n);
Console.WriteLine("皇后放置方案共有 " + res.Count + " 种");
foreach (List<List<string>> state in res) {
Console.WriteLine("--------------------");
foreach (List<string> row in state) {
PrintUtil.PrintList(row);
}
}
}
}