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hello-algo/codes/dart/chapter_stack_and_queue/array_deque.dart

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/**
* File: array_deque.dart
* Created Time: 2023-03-28
* Author: liuyuxin (gvenusleo@gmail.com)
*/
/* 基于环形数组实现的双向队列 */
class ArrayDeque {
late List<int> _nums; // 用于存储双向队列元素的数组
late int _front; // 队首指针,指向队首元素
late int _queSize; // 双向队列长度
/* 构造方法 */
ArrayDeque(int capacity) {
this._nums = List.filled(capacity, 0);
this._front = this._queSize = 0;
}
/* 获取双向队列的容量 */
int capacity() {
return _nums.length;
}
/* 获取双向队列的长度 */
int size() {
return _queSize;
}
/* 判断双向队列是否为空 */
bool isEmpty() {
return _queSize == 0;
}
/* 计算环形数组索引 */
int index(int i) {
// 通过取余操作实现数组首尾相连
// 当 i 越过数组尾部后,回到头部
// 当 i 越过数组头部后,回到尾部
return (i + capacity()) % capacity();
}
/* 队首入队 */
void pushFirst(int _num) {
if (_queSize == capacity()) {
throw Exception("双向队列已满");
}
// 队首指针向左移动一位
// 通过取余操作实现 _front 越过数组头部后回到尾部
_front = index(_front - 1);
// 将 _num 添加至队首
_nums[_front] = _num;
_queSize++;
}
/* 队尾入队 */
void pushLast(int _num) {
if (_queSize == capacity()) {
throw Exception("双向队列已满");
}
// 计算队尾指针,指向队尾索引 + 1
int rear = index(_front + _queSize);
// 将 _num 添加至队尾
_nums[rear] = _num;
_queSize++;
}
/* 队首出队 */
int popFirst() {
int _num = peekFirst();
// 队首指针向右移动一位
_front = index(_front + 1);
_queSize--;
return _num;
}
/* 队尾出队 */
int popLast() {
int _num = peekLast();
_queSize--;
return _num;
}
/* 访问队首元素 */
int peekFirst() {
if (isEmpty()) {
throw Exception("双向队列为空");
}
return _nums[_front];
}
/* 访问队尾元素 */
int peekLast() {
if (isEmpty()) {
throw Exception("双向队列为空");
}
// 计算尾元素索引
int last = index(_front + _queSize - 1);
return _nums[last];
}
/* 返回数组用于打印 */
List<int> toArray() {
// 仅转换有效长度范围内的列表元素
List<int> res = List.filled(_queSize, 0);
for (int i = 0, j = _front; i < _queSize; i++, j++) {
res[i] = _nums[index(j)];
}
return res;
}
}
/* Driver Code */
void main() {
/* 初始化双向队列 */
final ArrayDeque deque = ArrayDeque(10);
deque.pushLast(3);
deque.pushLast(2);
deque.pushLast(5);
print("双向队列 deque = ${deque.toArray()}");
/* 访问元素 */
final int peekFirst = deque.peekFirst();
print("队首元素 peekFirst = $peekFirst");
final int peekLast = deque.peekLast();
print("队尾元素 peekLast = $peekLast");
/* 元素入队 */
deque.pushLast(4);
print("元素 4 队尾入队后 deque = ${deque.toArray()}");
deque.pushFirst(1);
print("元素 1 队首入队后 deque = ${deque.toArray()}");
/* 元素出队 */
final int popLast = deque.popLast();
print("队尾出队元素 = $popLast ,队尾出队后 deque = ${deque.toArray()}");
final int popFirst = deque.popFirst();
print("队首出队元素 = $popFirst ,队首出队后 deque = ${deque.toArray()}");
/* 获取双向队列的长度 */
final int size = deque.size();
print("双向队列长度 size = $size");
/* 判断双向队列是否为空 */
final bool isEmpty = deque.isEmpty();
print("双向队列是否为空 = $isEmpty");
}