You can not select more than 25 topics
Topics must start with a letter or number, can include dashes ('-') and can be up to 35 characters long.
162 lines
3.6 KiB
162 lines
3.6 KiB
=begin
|
|
File: binary_search_tree.rb
|
|
Created Time: 2024-04-18
|
|
Author: Xuan Khoa Tu Nguyen (ngxktuzkai2000@gmail.com)
|
|
=end
|
|
|
|
require_relative '../utils/tree_node'
|
|
require_relative '../utils/print_util'
|
|
|
|
### 二叉搜索树 ###
|
|
class BinarySearchTree
|
|
### 构造方法 ###
|
|
def initialize
|
|
# 初始化空树
|
|
@root = nil
|
|
end
|
|
|
|
### 获取二叉树根节点 ###
|
|
def get_root
|
|
@root
|
|
end
|
|
|
|
### 查找节点 ###
|
|
def search(num)
|
|
cur = @root
|
|
|
|
# 循环查找,越过叶节点后跳出
|
|
while !cur.nil?
|
|
# 目标节点在 cur 的右子树中
|
|
if cur.val < num
|
|
cur = cur.right
|
|
# 目标节点在 cur 的左子树中
|
|
elsif cur.val > num
|
|
cur = cur.left
|
|
# 找到目标节点,跳出循环
|
|
else
|
|
break
|
|
end
|
|
end
|
|
|
|
cur
|
|
end
|
|
|
|
### 插入节点 ###
|
|
def insert(num)
|
|
# 若树为空,则初始化根节点
|
|
if @root.nil?
|
|
@root = TreeNode.new(num)
|
|
return
|
|
end
|
|
|
|
# 循环查找,越过叶节点后跳出
|
|
cur, pre = @root, nil
|
|
while !cur.nil?
|
|
# 找到重复节点,直接返回
|
|
return if cur.val == num
|
|
|
|
pre = cur
|
|
# 插入位置在 cur 的右子树中
|
|
if cur.val < num
|
|
cur = cur.right
|
|
# 插入位置在 cur 的左子树中
|
|
else
|
|
cur = cur.left
|
|
end
|
|
end
|
|
|
|
# 插入节点
|
|
node = TreeNode.new(num)
|
|
if pre.val < num
|
|
pre.right = node
|
|
else
|
|
pre.left = node
|
|
end
|
|
end
|
|
|
|
### 删除节点 ###
|
|
def remove(num)
|
|
# 若树为空,直接提前返回
|
|
return if @root.nil?
|
|
|
|
# 循环查找,越过叶节点后跳出
|
|
cur, pre = @root, nil
|
|
while !cur.nil?
|
|
# 找到待删除节点,跳出循环
|
|
break if cur.val == num
|
|
|
|
pre = cur
|
|
# 待删除节点在 cur 的右子树中
|
|
if cur.val < num
|
|
cur = cur.right
|
|
# 待删除节点在 cur 的左子树中
|
|
else
|
|
cur = cur.left
|
|
end
|
|
end
|
|
# 若无待删除节点,则直接返回
|
|
return if cur.nil?
|
|
|
|
# 子节点数量 = 0 or 1
|
|
if cur.left.nil? || cur.right.nil?
|
|
# 当子节点数量 = 0 / 1 时, child = null / 该子节点
|
|
child = cur.left || cur.right
|
|
# 删除节点 cur
|
|
if cur != @root
|
|
if pre.left == cur
|
|
pre.left = child
|
|
else
|
|
pre.right = child
|
|
end
|
|
else
|
|
# 若删除节点为根节点,则重新指定根节点
|
|
@root = child
|
|
end
|
|
# 子节点数量 = 2
|
|
else
|
|
# 获取中序遍历中 cur 的下一个节点
|
|
tmp = cur.right
|
|
while !tmp.left.nil?
|
|
tmp = tmp.left
|
|
end
|
|
# 递归删除节点 tmp
|
|
remove(tmp.val)
|
|
# 用 tmp 覆盖 cur
|
|
cur.val = tmp.val
|
|
end
|
|
end
|
|
end
|
|
|
|
### Driver Code ###
|
|
if __FILE__ == $0
|
|
# 初始化二叉搜索树
|
|
bst = BinarySearchTree.new
|
|
nums = [8, 4, 12, 2, 6, 10, 14, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15]
|
|
# 请注意,不同的插入顺序会生成不同的二叉树,该序列可以生成一个完美二叉树
|
|
nums.each { |num| bst.insert(num) }
|
|
puts "\n初始化的二叉树为\n"
|
|
print_tree(bst.get_root)
|
|
|
|
# 查找节点
|
|
node = bst.search(7)
|
|
puts "\n查找到的节点对象为: #{node},节点值 = #{node.val}"
|
|
|
|
# 插入节点
|
|
bst.insert(16)
|
|
puts "\n插入节点 16 后,二叉树为\n"
|
|
print_tree(bst.get_root)
|
|
|
|
# 删除节点
|
|
bst.remove(1)
|
|
puts "\n删除节点 1 后,二叉树为\n"
|
|
print_tree(bst.get_root)
|
|
|
|
bst.remove(2)
|
|
puts "\n删除节点 2 后,二叉树为\n"
|
|
print_tree(bst.get_root)
|
|
|
|
bst.remove(4)
|
|
puts "\n删除节点 4 后,二叉树为\n"
|
|
print_tree(bst.get_root)
|
|
end
|