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hello-algo/zh-hant/codes/c/chapter_backtracking/subset_sum_ii.c

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/**
* File: subset_sum_ii.c
* Created Time: 2023-07-29
* Author: Gonglja (glj0@outlook.com)
*/
#include "../utils/common.h"
#define MAX_SIZE 100
#define MAX_RES_SIZE 100
// 狀態(子集)
int state[MAX_SIZE];
int stateSize = 0;
// 結果串列(子集串列)
int res[MAX_RES_SIZE][MAX_SIZE];
int resColSizes[MAX_RES_SIZE];
int resSize = 0;
/* 回溯演算法:子集和 II */
void backtrack(int target, int *choices, int choicesSize, int start) {
// 子集和等於 target 時,記錄解
if (target == 0) {
for (int i = 0; i < stateSize; i++) {
res[resSize][i] = state[i];
}
resColSizes[resSize++] = stateSize;
return;
}
// 走訪所有選擇
// 剪枝二:從 start 開始走訪,避免生成重複子集
// 剪枝三:從 start 開始走訪,避免重複選擇同一元素
for (int i = start; i < choicesSize; i++) {
// 剪枝一:若子集和超過 target ,則直接跳過
if (target - choices[i] < 0) {
continue;
}
// 剪枝四:如果該元素與左邊元素相等,說明該搜尋分支重複,直接跳過
if (i > start && choices[i] == choices[i - 1]) {
continue;
}
// 嘗試:做出選擇,更新 target, start
state[stateSize] = choices[i];
stateSize++;
// 進行下一輪選擇
backtrack(target - choices[i], choices, choicesSize, i + 1);
// 回退:撤銷選擇,恢復到之前的狀態
stateSize--;
}
}
/* 比較函式 */
int cmp(const void *a, const void *b) {
return (*(int *)a - *(int *)b);
}
/* 求解子集和 II */
void subsetSumII(int *nums, int numsSize, int target) {
// 對 nums 進行排序
qsort(nums, numsSize, sizeof(int), cmp);
// 開始回溯
backtrack(target, nums, numsSize, 0);
}
/* Driver Code */
int main() {
int nums[] = {4, 4, 5};
int numsSize = sizeof(nums) / sizeof(nums[0]);
int target = 9;
subsetSumII(nums, numsSize, target);
printf("輸入陣列 nums = ");
printArray(nums, numsSize);
printf("target = %d\n", target);
printf("所有和等於 %d 的子集 res = \n", target);
for (int i = 0; i < resSize; ++i) {
printArray(res[i], resColSizes[i]);
}
return 0;
}