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hello-algo/zh-hant/codes/c/chapter_computational_compl.../recursion.c

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/**
* File: recursion.c
* Created Time: 2023-09-09
* Author: Gonglja (glj0@outlook.com)
*/
#include "../utils/common.h"
/* 遞迴 */
int recur(int n) {
// 終止條件
if (n == 1)
return 1;
// 遞:遞迴呼叫
int res = recur(n - 1);
// 迴:返回結果
return n + res;
}
/* 使用迭代模擬遞迴 */
int forLoopRecur(int n) {
int stack[1000]; // 藉助一個大陣列來模擬堆疊
int top = -1; // 堆疊頂索引
int res = 0;
// 遞:遞迴呼叫
for (int i = n; i > 0; i--) {
// 透過“入堆疊操作”模擬“遞”
stack[1 + top++] = i;
}
// 迴:返回結果
while (top >= 0) {
// 透過“出堆疊操作”模擬“迴”
res += stack[top--];
}
// res = 1+2+3+...+n
return res;
}
/* 尾遞迴 */
int tailRecur(int n, int res) {
// 終止條件
if (n == 0)
return res;
// 尾遞迴呼叫
return tailRecur(n - 1, res + n);
}
/* 費波那契數列:遞迴 */
int fib(int n) {
// 終止條件 f(1) = 0, f(2) = 1
if (n == 1 || n == 2)
return n - 1;
// 遞迴呼叫 f(n) = f(n-1) + f(n-2)
int res = fib(n - 1) + fib(n - 2);
// 返回結果 f(n)
return res;
}
/* Driver Code */
int main() {
int n = 5;
int res;
res = recur(n);
printf("\n遞迴函式的求和結果 res = %d\n", res);
res = forLoopRecur(n);
printf("\n使用迭代模擬遞迴求和結果 res = %d\n", res);
res = tailRecur(n, 0);
printf("\n尾遞迴函式的求和結果 res = %d\n", res);
res = fib(n);
printf("\n費波那契數列的第 %d 項為 %d\n", n, res);
return 0;
}