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156 lines
4.0 KiB
156 lines
4.0 KiB
/**
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* File: my_heap.cpp
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* Created Time: 2023-02-04
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* Author: LoneRanger (836253168@qq.com), what-is-me (whatisme@outlook.jp)
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*/
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#include "../utils/common.hpp"
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/* 大頂堆積 */
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class MaxHeap {
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private:
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// 使用動態陣列,這樣無須考慮擴容問題
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vector<int> maxHeap;
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/* 獲取左子節點的索引 */
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int left(int i) {
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return 2 * i + 1;
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}
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/* 獲取右子節點的索引 */
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int right(int i) {
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return 2 * i + 2;
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}
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/* 獲取父節點的索引 */
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int parent(int i) {
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return (i - 1) / 2; // 向下整除
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}
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/* 從節點 i 開始,從底至頂堆積化 */
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void siftUp(int i) {
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while (true) {
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// 獲取節點 i 的父節點
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int p = parent(i);
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// 當“越過根節點”或“節點無須修復”時,結束堆積化
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if (p < 0 || maxHeap[i] <= maxHeap[p])
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break;
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// 交換兩節點
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swap(maxHeap[i], maxHeap[p]);
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// 迴圈向上堆積化
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i = p;
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}
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}
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/* 從節點 i 開始,從頂至底堆積化 */
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void siftDown(int i) {
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while (true) {
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// 判斷節點 i, l, r 中值最大的節點,記為 ma
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int l = left(i), r = right(i), ma = i;
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if (l < size() && maxHeap[l] > maxHeap[ma])
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ma = l;
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if (r < size() && maxHeap[r] > maxHeap[ma])
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ma = r;
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// 若節點 i 最大或索引 l, r 越界,則無須繼續堆積化,跳出
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if (ma == i)
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break;
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swap(maxHeap[i], maxHeap[ma]);
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// 迴圈向下堆積化
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i = ma;
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}
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}
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public:
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/* 建構子,根據輸入串列建堆積 */
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MaxHeap(vector<int> nums) {
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// 將串列元素原封不動新增進堆積
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maxHeap = nums;
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// 堆積化除葉節點以外的其他所有節點
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for (int i = parent(size() - 1); i >= 0; i--) {
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siftDown(i);
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}
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}
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/* 獲取堆積大小 */
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int size() {
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return maxHeap.size();
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}
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/* 判斷堆積是否為空 */
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bool isEmpty() {
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return size() == 0;
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}
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/* 訪問堆積頂元素 */
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int peek() {
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return maxHeap[0];
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}
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/* 元素入堆積 */
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void push(int val) {
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// 新增節點
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maxHeap.push_back(val);
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// 從底至頂堆積化
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siftUp(size() - 1);
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}
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/* 元素出堆積 */
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void pop() {
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// 判空處理
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if (isEmpty()) {
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throw out_of_range("堆積為空");
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}
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// 交換根節點與最右葉節點(交換首元素與尾元素)
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swap(maxHeap[0], maxHeap[size() - 1]);
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// 刪除節點
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maxHeap.pop_back();
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// 從頂至底堆積化
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siftDown(0);
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}
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/* 列印堆積(二元樹)*/
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void print() {
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cout << "堆積的陣列表示:";
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printVector(maxHeap);
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cout << "堆積的樹狀表示:" << endl;
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TreeNode *root = vectorToTree(maxHeap);
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printTree(root);
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freeMemoryTree(root);
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}
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};
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/* Driver Code */
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int main() {
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/* 初始化大頂堆積 */
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vector<int> vec{9, 8, 6, 6, 7, 5, 2, 1, 4, 3, 6, 2};
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MaxHeap maxHeap(vec);
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cout << "\n輸入串列並建堆積後" << endl;
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maxHeap.print();
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/* 獲取堆積頂元素 */
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int peek = maxHeap.peek();
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cout << "\n堆積頂元素為 " << peek << endl;
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/* 元素入堆積 */
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int val = 7;
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maxHeap.push(val);
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cout << "\n元素 " << val << " 入堆積後" << endl;
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maxHeap.print();
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/* 堆積頂元素出堆積 */
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peek = maxHeap.peek();
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maxHeap.pop();
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cout << "\n堆積頂元素 " << peek << " 出堆積後" << endl;
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maxHeap.print();
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/* 獲取堆積大小 */
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int size = maxHeap.size();
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cout << "\n堆積元素數量為 " << size << endl;
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/* 判斷堆積是否為空 */
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bool isEmpty = maxHeap.isEmpty();
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cout << "\n堆積是否為空 " << isEmpty << endl;
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return 0;
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}
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