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hello-algo/zh-hant/codes/cpp/chapter_tree/array_binary_tree.cpp

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/**
* File: array_binary_tree.cpp
* Created Time: 2023-07-19
* Author: krahets (krahets@163.com)
*/
#include "../utils/common.hpp"
/* 陣列表示下的二元樹類別 */
class ArrayBinaryTree {
public:
/* 建構子 */
ArrayBinaryTree(vector<int> arr) {
tree = arr;
}
/* 串列容量 */
int size() {
return tree.size();
}
/* 獲取索引為 i 節點的值 */
int val(int i) {
// 若索引越界,則返回 INT_MAX ,代表空位
if (i < 0 || i >= size())
return INT_MAX;
return tree[i];
}
/* 獲取索引為 i 節點的左子節點的索引 */
int left(int i) {
return 2 * i + 1;
}
/* 獲取索引為 i 節點的右子節點的索引 */
int right(int i) {
return 2 * i + 2;
}
/* 獲取索引為 i 節點的父節點的索引 */
int parent(int i) {
return (i - 1) / 2;
}
/* 層序走訪 */
vector<int> levelOrder() {
vector<int> res;
// 直接走訪陣列
for (int i = 0; i < size(); i++) {
if (val(i) != INT_MAX)
res.push_back(val(i));
}
return res;
}
/* 前序走訪 */
vector<int> preOrder() {
vector<int> res;
dfs(0, "pre", res);
return res;
}
/* 中序走訪 */
vector<int> inOrder() {
vector<int> res;
dfs(0, "in", res);
return res;
}
/* 後序走訪 */
vector<int> postOrder() {
vector<int> res;
dfs(0, "post", res);
return res;
}
private:
vector<int> tree;
/* 深度優先走訪 */
void dfs(int i, string order, vector<int> &res) {
// 若為空位,則返回
if (val(i) == INT_MAX)
return;
// 前序走訪
if (order == "pre")
res.push_back(val(i));
dfs(left(i), order, res);
// 中序走訪
if (order == "in")
res.push_back(val(i));
dfs(right(i), order, res);
// 後序走訪
if (order == "post")
res.push_back(val(i));
}
};
/* Driver Code */
int main() {
// 初始化二元樹
// 使用 INT_MAX 代表空位 nullptr
vector<int> arr = {1, 2, 3, 4, INT_MAX, 6, 7, 8, 9, INT_MAX, INT_MAX, 12, INT_MAX, INT_MAX, 15};
TreeNode *root = vectorToTree(arr);
cout << "\n初始化二元樹\n";
cout << "二元樹的陣列表示:\n";
printVector(arr);
cout << "二元樹的鏈結串列表示:\n";
printTree(root);
// 陣列表示下的二元樹類別
ArrayBinaryTree abt(arr);
// 訪問節點
int i = 1;
int l = abt.left(i), r = abt.right(i), p = abt.parent(i);
cout << "\n當前節點的索引為 " << i << ",值為 " << abt.val(i) << "\n";
cout << "其左子節點的索引為 " << l << ",值為 " << (l != INT_MAX ? to_string(abt.val(l)) : "nullptr") << "\n";
cout << "其右子節點的索引為 " << r << ",值為 " << (r != INT_MAX ? to_string(abt.val(r)) : "nullptr") << "\n";
cout << "其父節點的索引為 " << p << ",值為 " << (p != INT_MAX ? to_string(abt.val(p)) : "nullptr") << "\n";
// 走訪樹
vector<int> res = abt.levelOrder();
cout << "\n層序走訪為: ";
printVector(res);
res = abt.preOrder();
cout << "前序走訪為: ";
printVector(res);
res = abt.inOrder();
cout << "中序走訪為: ";
printVector(res);
res = abt.postOrder();
cout << "後序走訪為: ";
printVector(res);
return 0;
}