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hello-algo/zh-hant/codes/csharp/chapter_dynamic_programming/coin_change.cs

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/**
* File: coin_change.cs
* Created Time: 2023-07-12
* Author: hpstory (hpstory1024@163.com)
*/
namespace hello_algo.chapter_dynamic_programming;
public class coin_change {
/* 零錢兌換:動態規劃 */
int CoinChangeDP(int[] coins, int amt) {
int n = coins.Length;
int MAX = amt + 1;
// 初始化 dp 表
int[,] dp = new int[n + 1, amt + 1];
// 狀態轉移:首行首列
for (int a = 1; a <= amt; a++) {
dp[0, a] = MAX;
}
// 狀態轉移:其餘行和列
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
for (int a = 1; a <= amt; a++) {
if (coins[i - 1] > a) {
// 若超過目標金額,則不選硬幣 i
dp[i, a] = dp[i - 1, a];
} else {
// 不選和選硬幣 i 這兩種方案的較小值
dp[i, a] = Math.Min(dp[i - 1, a], dp[i, a - coins[i - 1]] + 1);
}
}
}
return dp[n, amt] != MAX ? dp[n, amt] : -1;
}
/* 零錢兌換:空間最佳化後的動態規劃 */
int CoinChangeDPComp(int[] coins, int amt) {
int n = coins.Length;
int MAX = amt + 1;
// 初始化 dp 表
int[] dp = new int[amt + 1];
Array.Fill(dp, MAX);
dp[0] = 0;
// 狀態轉移
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
for (int a = 1; a <= amt; a++) {
if (coins[i - 1] > a) {
// 若超過目標金額,則不選硬幣 i
dp[a] = dp[a];
} else {
// 不選和選硬幣 i 這兩種方案的較小值
dp[a] = Math.Min(dp[a], dp[a - coins[i - 1]] + 1);
}
}
}
return dp[amt] != MAX ? dp[amt] : -1;
}
[Test]
public void Test() {
int[] coins = [1, 2, 5];
int amt = 4;
// 動態規劃
int res = CoinChangeDP(coins, amt);
Console.WriteLine("湊到目標金額所需的最少硬幣數量為 " + res);
// 空間最佳化後的動態規劃
res = CoinChangeDPComp(coins, amt);
Console.WriteLine("湊到目標金額所需的最少硬幣數量為 " + res);
}
}