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hello-algo/zh-hant/codes/dart/chapter_backtracking/n_queens.dart

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/**
* File: n_queens.dart
* Created Time: 2023-08-10
* Author: liuyuxin (gvenusleo@gmail.com)
*/
/* 回溯演算法n 皇后 */
void backtrack(
int row,
int n,
List<List<String>> state,
List<List<List<String>>> res,
List<bool> cols,
List<bool> diags1,
List<bool> diags2,
) {
// 當放置完所有行時,記錄解
if (row == n) {
List<List<String>> copyState = [];
for (List<String> sRow in state) {
copyState.add(List.from(sRow));
}
res.add(copyState);
return;
}
// 走訪所有列
for (int col = 0; col < n; col++) {
// 計算該格子對應的主對角線和次對角線
int diag1 = row - col + n - 1;
int diag2 = row + col;
// 剪枝:不允許該格子所在列、主對角線、次對角線上存在皇后
if (!cols[col] && !diags1[diag1] && !diags2[diag2]) {
// 嘗試:將皇后放置在該格子
state[row][col] = "Q";
cols[col] = true;
diags1[diag1] = true;
diags2[diag2] = true;
// 放置下一行
backtrack(row + 1, n, state, res, cols, diags1, diags2);
// 回退:將該格子恢復為空位
state[row][col] = "#";
cols[col] = false;
diags1[diag1] = false;
diags2[diag2] = false;
}
}
}
/* 求解 n 皇后 */
List<List<List<String>>> nQueens(int n) {
// 初始化 n*n 大小的棋盤,其中 'Q' 代表皇后,'#' 代表空位
List<List<String>> state = List.generate(n, (index) => List.filled(n, "#"));
List<bool> cols = List.filled(n, false); // 記錄列是否有皇后
List<bool> diags1 = List.filled(2 * n - 1, false); // 記錄主對角線上是否有皇后
List<bool> diags2 = List.filled(2 * n - 1, false); // 記錄次對角線上是否有皇后
List<List<List<String>>> res = [];
backtrack(0, n, state, res, cols, diags1, diags2);
return res;
}
/* Driver Code */
void main() {
int n = 4;
List<List<List<String>>> res = nQueens(n);
print("輸入棋盤長寬為 $n");
print("皇后放置方案共有 ${res.length}");
for (List<List<String>> state in res) {
print("--------------------");
for (List<String> row in state) {
print(row);
}
}
}