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61 lines
2.3 KiB
61 lines
2.3 KiB
/**
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* File: subset_sum_ii.java
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* Created Time: 2023-06-21
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* Author: krahets (krahets@163.com)
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*/
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package chapter_backtracking;
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import java.util.*;
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public class subset_sum_ii {
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/* 回溯演算法:子集和 II */
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static void backtrack(List<Integer> state, int target, int[] choices, int start, List<List<Integer>> res) {
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// 子集和等於 target 時,記錄解
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if (target == 0) {
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res.add(new ArrayList<>(state));
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return;
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}
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// 走訪所有選擇
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// 剪枝二:從 start 開始走訪,避免生成重複子集
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// 剪枝三:從 start 開始走訪,避免重複選擇同一元素
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for (int i = start; i < choices.length; i++) {
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// 剪枝一:若子集和超過 target ,則直接結束迴圈
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// 這是因為陣列已排序,後邊元素更大,子集和一定超過 target
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if (target - choices[i] < 0) {
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break;
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}
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// 剪枝四:如果該元素與左邊元素相等,說明該搜尋分支重複,直接跳過
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if (i > start && choices[i] == choices[i - 1]) {
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continue;
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}
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// 嘗試:做出選擇,更新 target, start
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state.add(choices[i]);
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// 進行下一輪選擇
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backtrack(state, target - choices[i], choices, i + 1, res);
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// 回退:撤銷選擇,恢復到之前的狀態
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state.remove(state.size() - 1);
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}
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}
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/* 求解子集和 II */
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static List<List<Integer>> subsetSumII(int[] nums, int target) {
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List<Integer> state = new ArrayList<>(); // 狀態(子集)
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Arrays.sort(nums); // 對 nums 進行排序
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int start = 0; // 走訪起始點
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List<List<Integer>> res = new ArrayList<>(); // 結果串列(子集串列)
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backtrack(state, target, nums, start, res);
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return res;
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}
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public static void main(String[] args) {
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int[] nums = { 4, 4, 5 };
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int target = 9;
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List<List<Integer>> res = subsetSumII(nums, target);
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System.out.println("輸入陣列 nums = " + Arrays.toString(nums) + ", target = " + target);
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System.out.println("所有和等於 " + target + " 的子集 res = " + res);
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}
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}
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