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hello-algo/zh-hant/codes/java/chapter_backtracking/subset_sum_ii.java

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/**
* File: subset_sum_ii.java
* Created Time: 2023-06-21
* Author: krahets (krahets@163.com)
*/
package chapter_backtracking;
import java.util.*;
public class subset_sum_ii {
/* 回溯演算法:子集和 II */
static void backtrack(List<Integer> state, int target, int[] choices, int start, List<List<Integer>> res) {
// 子集和等於 target 時,記錄解
if (target == 0) {
res.add(new ArrayList<>(state));
return;
}
// 走訪所有選擇
// 剪枝二:從 start 開始走訪,避免生成重複子集
// 剪枝三:從 start 開始走訪,避免重複選擇同一元素
for (int i = start; i < choices.length; i++) {
// 剪枝一:若子集和超過 target ,則直接結束迴圈
// 這是因為陣列已排序,後邊元素更大,子集和一定超過 target
if (target - choices[i] < 0) {
break;
}
// 剪枝四:如果該元素與左邊元素相等,說明該搜尋分支重複,直接跳過
if (i > start && choices[i] == choices[i - 1]) {
continue;
}
// 嘗試:做出選擇,更新 target, start
state.add(choices[i]);
// 進行下一輪選擇
backtrack(state, target - choices[i], choices, i + 1, res);
// 回退:撤銷選擇,恢復到之前的狀態
state.remove(state.size() - 1);
}
}
/* 求解子集和 II */
static List<List<Integer>> subsetSumII(int[] nums, int target) {
List<Integer> state = new ArrayList<>(); // 狀態(子集)
Arrays.sort(nums); // 對 nums 進行排序
int start = 0; // 走訪起始點
List<List<Integer>> res = new ArrayList<>(); // 結果串列(子集串列)
backtrack(state, target, nums, start, res);
return res;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
int[] nums = { 4, 4, 5 };
int target = 9;
List<List<Integer>> res = subsetSumII(nums, target);
System.out.println("輸入陣列 nums = " + Arrays.toString(nums) + ", target = " + target);
System.out.println("所有和等於 " + target + " 的子集 res = " + res);
}
}