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hello-algo/zh-hant/codes/java/chapter_computational_compl.../time_complexity.java

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/**
* File: time_complexity.java
* Created Time: 2022-11-25
* Author: krahets (krahets@163.com)
*/
package chapter_computational_complexity;
public class time_complexity {
/* 常數階 */
static int constant(int n) {
int count = 0;
int size = 100000;
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
count++;
return count;
}
/* 線性階 */
static int linear(int n) {
int count = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
count++;
return count;
}
/* 線性階(走訪陣列) */
static int arrayTraversal(int[] nums) {
int count = 0;
// 迴圈次數與陣列長度成正比
for (int num : nums) {
count++;
}
return count;
}
/* 平方階 */
static int quadratic(int n) {
int count = 0;
// 迴圈次數與資料大小 n 成平方關係
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
count++;
}
}
return count;
}
/* 平方階(泡沫排序) */
static int bubbleSort(int[] nums) {
int count = 0; // 計數器
// 外迴圈:未排序區間為 [0, i]
for (int i = nums.length - 1; i > 0; i--) {
// 內迴圈:將未排序區間 [0, i] 中的最大元素交換至該區間的最右端
for (int j = 0; j < i; j++) {
if (nums[j] > nums[j + 1]) {
// 交換 nums[j] 與 nums[j + 1]
int tmp = nums[j];
nums[j] = nums[j + 1];
nums[j + 1] = tmp;
count += 3; // 元素交換包含 3 個單元操作
}
}
}
return count;
}
/* 指數階(迴圈實現) */
static int exponential(int n) {
int count = 0, base = 1;
// 細胞每輪一分為二,形成數列 1, 2, 4, 8, ..., 2^(n-1)
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < base; j++) {
count++;
}
base *= 2;
}
// count = 1 + 2 + 4 + 8 + .. + 2^(n-1) = 2^n - 1
return count;
}
/* 指數階(遞迴實現) */
static int expRecur(int n) {
if (n == 1)
return 1;
return expRecur(n - 1) + expRecur(n - 1) + 1;
}
/* 對數階(迴圈實現) */
static int logarithmic(int n) {
int count = 0;
while (n > 1) {
n = n / 2;
count++;
}
return count;
}
/* 對數階(遞迴實現) */
static int logRecur(int n) {
if (n <= 1)
return 0;
return logRecur(n / 2) + 1;
}
/* 線性對數階 */
static int linearLogRecur(int n) {
if (n <= 1)
return 1;
int count = linearLogRecur(n / 2) + linearLogRecur(n / 2);
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
count++;
}
return count;
}
/* 階乘階(遞迴實現) */
static int factorialRecur(int n) {
if (n == 0)
return 1;
int count = 0;
// 從 1 個分裂出 n 個
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
count += factorialRecur(n - 1);
}
return count;
}
/* Driver Code */
public static void main(String[] args) {
// 可以修改 n 執行,體會一下各種複雜度的操作數量變化趨勢
int n = 8;
System.out.println("輸入資料大小 n = " + n);
int count = constant(n);
System.out.println("常數階的操作數量 = " + count);
count = linear(n);
System.out.println("線性階的操作數量 = " + count);
count = arrayTraversal(new int[n]);
System.out.println("線性階(走訪陣列)的操作數量 = " + count);
count = quadratic(n);
System.out.println("平方階的操作數量 = " + count);
int[] nums = new int[n];
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
nums[i] = n - i; // [n,n-1,...,2,1]
count = bubbleSort(nums);
System.out.println("平方階(泡沫排序)的操作數量 = " + count);
count = exponential(n);
System.out.println("指數階(迴圈實現)的操作數量 = " + count);
count = expRecur(n);
System.out.println("指數階(遞迴實現)的操作數量 = " + count);
count = logarithmic(n);
System.out.println("對數階(迴圈實現)的操作數量 = " + count);
count = logRecur(n);
System.out.println("對數階(遞迴實現)的操作數量 = " + count);
count = linearLogRecur(n);
System.out.println("線性對數階(遞迴實現)的操作數量 = " + count);
count = factorialRecur(n);
System.out.println("階乘階(遞迴實現)的操作數量 = " + count);
}
}