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hello-algo/zh-hant/codes/javascript/chapter_heap/my_heap.js

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/**
* File: my_heap.js
* Created Time: 2023-02-06
* Author: what-is-me (whatisme@outlook.jp)
*/
const { printHeap } = require('../modules/PrintUtil');
/* 最大堆積類別 */
class MaxHeap {
#maxHeap;
/* 建構子,建立空堆積或根據輸入串列建堆積 */
constructor(nums) {
// 將串列元素原封不動新增進堆積
this.#maxHeap = nums === undefined ? [] : [...nums];
// 堆積化除葉節點以外的其他所有節點
for (let i = this.#parent(this.size() - 1); i >= 0; i--) {
this.#siftDown(i);
}
}
/* 獲取左子節點的索引 */
#left(i) {
return 2 * i + 1;
}
/* 獲取右子節點的索引 */
#right(i) {
return 2 * i + 2;
}
/* 獲取父節點的索引 */
#parent(i) {
return Math.floor((i - 1) / 2); // 向下整除
}
/* 交換元素 */
#swap(i, j) {
const tmp = this.#maxHeap[i];
this.#maxHeap[i] = this.#maxHeap[j];
this.#maxHeap[j] = tmp;
}
/* 獲取堆積大小 */
size() {
return this.#maxHeap.length;
}
/* 判斷堆積是否為空 */
isEmpty() {
return this.size() === 0;
}
/* 訪問堆積頂元素 */
peek() {
return this.#maxHeap[0];
}
/* 元素入堆積 */
push(val) {
// 新增節點
this.#maxHeap.push(val);
// 從底至頂堆積化
this.#siftUp(this.size() - 1);
}
/* 從節點 i 開始,從底至頂堆積化 */
#siftUp(i) {
while (true) {
// 獲取節點 i 的父節點
const p = this.#parent(i);
// 當“越過根節點”或“節點無須修復”時,結束堆積化
if (p < 0 || this.#maxHeap[i] <= this.#maxHeap[p]) break;
// 交換兩節點
this.#swap(i, p);
// 迴圈向上堆積化
i = p;
}
}
/* 元素出堆積 */
pop() {
// 判空處理
if (this.isEmpty()) throw new Error('堆積為空');
// 交換根節點與最右葉節點(交換首元素與尾元素)
this.#swap(0, this.size() - 1);
// 刪除節點
const val = this.#maxHeap.pop();
// 從頂至底堆積化
this.#siftDown(0);
// 返回堆積頂元素
return val;
}
/* 從節點 i 開始,從頂至底堆積化 */
#siftDown(i) {
while (true) {
// 判斷節點 i, l, r 中值最大的節點,記為 ma
const l = this.#left(i),
r = this.#right(i);
let ma = i;
if (l < this.size() && this.#maxHeap[l] > this.#maxHeap[ma]) ma = l;
if (r < this.size() && this.#maxHeap[r] > this.#maxHeap[ma]) ma = r;
// 若節點 i 最大或索引 l, r 越界,則無須繼續堆積化,跳出
if (ma === i) break;
// 交換兩節點
this.#swap(i, ma);
// 迴圈向下堆積化
i = ma;
}
}
/* 列印堆積(二元樹) */
print() {
printHeap(this.#maxHeap);
}
/* 取出堆積中元素 */
getMaxHeap() {
return this.#maxHeap;
}
}
/* Driver Code */
if (require.main === module) {
/* 初始化大頂堆積 */
const maxHeap = new MaxHeap([9, 8, 6, 6, 7, 5, 2, 1, 4, 3, 6, 2]);
console.log('\n輸入串列並建堆積後');
maxHeap.print();
/* 獲取堆積頂元素 */
let peek = maxHeap.peek();
console.log(`\n堆積頂元素為 ${peek}`);
/* 元素入堆積 */
let val = 7;
maxHeap.push(val);
console.log(`\n元素 ${val} 入堆積後`);
maxHeap.print();
/* 堆積頂元素出堆積 */
peek = maxHeap.pop();
console.log(`\n堆積頂元素 ${peek} 出堆積後`);
maxHeap.print();
/* 獲取堆積大小 */
let size = maxHeap.size();
console.log(`\n堆積元素數量為 ${size}`);
/* 判斷堆積是否為空 */
let isEmpty = maxHeap.isEmpty();
console.log(`\n堆積是否為空 ${isEmpty}`);
}
module.exports = {
MaxHeap,
};