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hello-algo/zh-hant/codes/rust/chapter_hashing/hash_map_open_addressing.rs

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/*
* File: hash_map_open_addressing.rs
* Created Time: 2023-07-16
* Author: WSL0809 (wslzzy@outlook.com), night-cruise (2586447362@qq.com)
*/
#![allow(non_snake_case)]
#![allow(unused)]
mod array_hash_map;
use array_hash_map::Pair;
/* 開放定址雜湊表 */
struct HashMapOpenAddressing {
size: usize, // 鍵值對數量
capacity: usize, // 雜湊表容量
load_thres: f64, // 觸發擴容的負載因子閾值
extend_ratio: usize, // 擴容倍數
buckets: Vec<Option<Pair>>, // 桶陣列
TOMBSTONE: Option<Pair>, // 刪除標記
}
impl HashMapOpenAddressing {
/* 建構子 */
fn new() -> Self {
Self {
size: 0,
capacity: 4,
load_thres: 2.0 / 3.0,
extend_ratio: 2,
buckets: vec![None; 4],
TOMBSTONE: Some(Pair {
key: -1,
val: "-1".to_string(),
}),
}
}
/* 雜湊函式 */
fn hash_func(&self, key: i32) -> usize {
(key % self.capacity as i32) as usize
}
/* 負載因子 */
fn load_factor(&self) -> f64 {
self.size as f64 / self.capacity as f64
}
/* 搜尋 key 對應的桶索引 */
fn find_bucket(&mut self, key: i32) -> usize {
let mut index = self.hash_func(key);
let mut first_tombstone = -1;
// 線性探查,當遇到空桶時跳出
while self.buckets[index].is_some() {
// 若遇到 key返回對應的桶索引
if self.buckets[index].as_ref().unwrap().key == key {
// 若之前遇到了刪除標記,則將建值對移動至該索引
if first_tombstone != -1 {
self.buckets[first_tombstone as usize] = self.buckets[index].take();
self.buckets[index] = self.TOMBSTONE.clone();
return first_tombstone as usize; // 返回移動後的桶索引
}
return index; // 返回桶索引
}
// 記錄遇到的首個刪除標記
if first_tombstone == -1 && self.buckets[index] == self.TOMBSTONE {
first_tombstone = index as i32;
}
// 計算桶索引,越過尾部則返回頭部
index = (index + 1) % self.capacity;
}
// 若 key 不存在,則返回新增點的索引
if first_tombstone == -1 {
index
} else {
first_tombstone as usize
}
}
/* 查詢操作 */
fn get(&mut self, key: i32) -> Option<&str> {
// 搜尋 key 對應的桶索引
let index = self.find_bucket(key);
// 若找到鍵值對,則返回對應 val
if self.buckets[index].is_some() && self.buckets[index] != self.TOMBSTONE {
return self.buckets[index].as_ref().map(|pair| &pair.val as &str);
}
// 若鍵值對不存在,則返回 null
None
}
/* 新增操作 */
fn put(&mut self, key: i32, val: String) {
// 當負載因子超過閾值時,執行擴容
if self.load_factor() > self.load_thres {
self.extend();
}
// 搜尋 key 對應的桶索引
let index = self.find_bucket(key);
// 若找到鍵值對,則覆蓋 val 並返回
if self.buckets[index].is_some() && self.buckets[index] != self.TOMBSTONE {
self.buckets[index].as_mut().unwrap().val = val;
return;
}
// 若鍵值對不存在,則新增該鍵值對
self.buckets[index] = Some(Pair { key, val });
self.size += 1;
}
/* 刪除操作 */
fn remove(&mut self, key: i32) {
// 搜尋 key 對應的桶索引
let index = self.find_bucket(key);
// 若找到鍵值對,則用刪除標記覆蓋它
if self.buckets[index].is_some() && self.buckets[index] != self.TOMBSTONE {
self.buckets[index] = self.TOMBSTONE.clone();
self.size -= 1;
}
}
/* 擴容雜湊表 */
fn extend(&mut self) {
// 暫存原雜湊表
let buckets_tmp = self.buckets.clone();
// 初始化擴容後的新雜湊表
self.capacity *= self.extend_ratio;
self.buckets = vec![None; self.capacity];
self.size = 0;
// 將鍵值對從原雜湊表搬運至新雜湊表
for pair in buckets_tmp {
if pair.is_none() || pair == self.TOMBSTONE {
continue;
}
let pair = pair.unwrap();
self.put(pair.key, pair.val);
}
}
/* 列印雜湊表 */
fn print(&self) {
for pair in &self.buckets {
if pair.is_none() {
println!("null");
} else if pair == &self.TOMBSTONE {
println!("TOMBSTONE");
} else {
let pair = pair.as_ref().unwrap();
println!("{} -> {}", pair.key, pair.val);
}
}
}
}
/* Driver Code */
fn main() {
/* 初始化雜湊表 */
let mut hashmap = HashMapOpenAddressing::new();
/* 新增操作 */
// 在雜湊表中新增鍵值對 (key, value)
hashmap.put(12836, "小哈".to_string());
hashmap.put(15937, "小囉".to_string());
hashmap.put(16750, "小算".to_string());
hashmap.put(13276, "小法".to_string());
hashmap.put(10583, "小鴨".to_string());
println!("\n新增完成後雜湊表為\nKey -> Value");
hashmap.print();
/* 查詢操作 */
// 向雜湊表中輸入鍵 key ,得到值 val
let name = hashmap.get(13276).unwrap();
println!("\n輸入學號 13276 ,查詢到姓名 {}", name);
/* 刪除操作 */
// 在雜湊表中刪除鍵值對 (key, val)
hashmap.remove(16750);
println!("\n刪除 16750 後,雜湊表為\nKey -> Value");
hashmap.print();
}