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/**
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* File: time_complexity.swift
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* Created Time: 2022-12-26
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* Author: nuomi1 (nuomi1@qq.com)
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*/
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/* 常數階 */
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func constant(n: Int) -> Int {
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var count = 0
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let size = 100_000
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for _ in 0 ..< size {
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count += 1
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}
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return count
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}
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/* 線性階 */
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func linear(n: Int) -> Int {
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var count = 0
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for _ in 0 ..< n {
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count += 1
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}
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return count
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}
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/* 線性階(走訪陣列) */
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func arrayTraversal(nums: [Int]) -> Int {
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var count = 0
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// 迴圈次數與陣列長度成正比
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for _ in nums {
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count += 1
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}
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return count
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}
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/* 平方階 */
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func quadratic(n: Int) -> Int {
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var count = 0
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// 迴圈次數與資料大小 n 成平方關係
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for _ in 0 ..< n {
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for _ in 0 ..< n {
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count += 1
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}
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}
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return count
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}
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/* 平方階(泡沫排序) */
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func bubbleSort(nums: inout [Int]) -> Int {
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var count = 0 // 計數器
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// 外迴圈:未排序區間為 [0, i]
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for i in nums.indices.dropFirst().reversed() {
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// 內迴圈:將未排序區間 [0, i] 中的最大元素交換至該區間的最右端
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for j in 0 ..< i {
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if nums[j] > nums[j + 1] {
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// 交換 nums[j] 與 nums[j + 1]
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let tmp = nums[j]
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nums[j] = nums[j + 1]
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nums[j + 1] = tmp
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count += 3 // 元素交換包含 3 個單元操作
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}
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}
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}
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return count
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}
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/* 指數階(迴圈實現) */
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func exponential(n: Int) -> Int {
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var count = 0
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var base = 1
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// 細胞每輪一分為二,形成數列 1, 2, 4, 8, ..., 2^(n-1)
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for _ in 0 ..< n {
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for _ in 0 ..< base {
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count += 1
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}
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base *= 2
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}
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// count = 1 + 2 + 4 + 8 + .. + 2^(n-1) = 2^n - 1
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return count
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}
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/* 指數階(遞迴實現) */
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func expRecur(n: Int) -> Int {
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if n == 1 {
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return 1
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}
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return expRecur(n: n - 1) + expRecur(n: n - 1) + 1
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}
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/* 對數階(迴圈實現) */
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func logarithmic(n: Int) -> Int {
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var count = 0
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var n = n
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while n > 1 {
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n = n / 2
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count += 1
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}
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return count
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}
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/* 對數階(遞迴實現) */
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func logRecur(n: Int) -> Int {
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if n <= 1 {
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return 0
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}
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return logRecur(n: n / 2) + 1
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}
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/* 線性對數階 */
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func linearLogRecur(n: Int) -> Int {
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if n <= 1 {
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return 1
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}
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var count = linearLogRecur(n: n / 2) + linearLogRecur(n: n / 2)
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for _ in stride(from: 0, to: n, by: 1) {
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count += 1
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}
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return count
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}
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/* 階乘階(遞迴實現) */
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func factorialRecur(n: Int) -> Int {
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if n == 0 {
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return 1
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}
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var count = 0
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// 從 1 個分裂出 n 個
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for _ in 0 ..< n {
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count += factorialRecur(n: n - 1)
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}
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return count
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}
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@main
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enum TimeComplexity {
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/* Driver Code */
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static func main() {
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// 可以修改 n 執行,體會一下各種複雜度的操作數量變化趨勢
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let n = 8
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print("輸入資料大小 n = \(n)")
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var count = constant(n: n)
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print("常數階的操作數量 = \(count)")
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count = linear(n: n)
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print("線性階的操作數量 = \(count)")
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count = arrayTraversal(nums: Array(repeating: 0, count: n))
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print("線性階(走訪陣列)的操作數量 = \(count)")
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count = quadratic(n: n)
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print("平方階的操作數量 = \(count)")
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var nums = Array(stride(from: n, to: 0, by: -1)) // [n,n-1,...,2,1]
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count = bubbleSort(nums: &nums)
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print("平方階(泡沫排序)的操作數量 = \(count)")
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count = exponential(n: n)
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print("指數階(迴圈實現)的操作數量 = \(count)")
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count = expRecur(n: n)
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print("指數階(遞迴實現)的操作數量 = \(count)")
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count = logarithmic(n: n)
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print("對數階(迴圈實現)的操作數量 = \(count)")
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count = logRecur(n: n)
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print("對數階(遞迴實現)的操作數量 = \(count)")
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count = linearLogRecur(n: n)
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print("線性對數階(遞迴實現)的操作數量 = \(count)")
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count = factorialRecur(n: n)
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print("階乘階(遞迴實現)的操作數量 = \(count)")
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}
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}
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