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krahets/hello-algo
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第 0 章 前言
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0.1 关于本书
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0.2 如何使用本书
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0.3 小结
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第 1 章 初识算法
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1.1 算法无处不在
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1.2 算法是什么
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1.3 小结
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第 2 章 时空复杂度
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2.1 算法效率评估
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2.2 迭代与递归
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2.3 时间复杂度
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2.4 空间复杂度
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2.5 小结
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第 3 章 数据结构
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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第 3 章 数据结构
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<a href="../../chapter_data_structure/classification_of_data_structure/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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3.1 数据结构分类
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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3.2 基本数据类型
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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3.3 数字编码 *
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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3.4 字符编码 *
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3.5 小结
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</a>
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_5" >
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<a href="../../chapter_array_and_linkedlist/" class="md-nav__link ">
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<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M3 5v14h17V5H3m4 2v2H5V7h2m-2 6v-2h2v2H5m0 2h2v2H5v-2m13 2H9v-2h9v2m0-4H9v-2h9v2m0-4H9V7h9v2Z"/></svg>
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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第 4 章 数组与链表
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</a>
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<label class="md-nav__link " for="__nav_5">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</div>
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_5_label" aria-expanded="false">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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第 4 章 数组与链表
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<a href="../../chapter_array_and_linkedlist/array/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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4.1 数组
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</a>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_array_and_linkedlist/linked_list/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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4.2 链表
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<a href="../../chapter_array_and_linkedlist/list/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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4.3 列表
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<a href="../../chapter_array_and_linkedlist/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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4.4 小结
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_6" >
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<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
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<a href="../../chapter_stack_and_queue/" class="md-nav__link ">
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<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M17.36 20.2v-5.38h1.79V22H3v-7.18h1.8v5.38h12.56M6.77 14.32l.37-1.76 8.79 1.85-.37 1.76-8.79-1.85m1.16-4.21.76-1.61 8.14 3.78-.76 1.62-8.14-3.79m2.26-3.99 1.15-1.38 6.9 5.76-1.15 1.37-6.9-5.75m4.45-4.25L20 9.08l-1.44 1.07-5.36-7.21 1.44-1.07M6.59 18.41v-1.8h8.98v1.8H6.59Z"/></svg>
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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第 5 章 栈与队列
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</span>
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</a>
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<label class="md-nav__link " for="__nav_6">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</div>
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_6_label" aria-expanded="false">
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_6">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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第 5 章 栈与队列
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<a href="../../chapter_stack_and_queue/stack/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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5.1 栈
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</span>
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</a>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_stack_and_queue/queue/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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5.2 队列
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</span>
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</a>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_stack_and_queue/deque/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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5.3 双向队列
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</span>
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</a>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_stack_and_queue/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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5.4 小结
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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</nav>
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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第 6 章 哈希表
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</a>
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</div>
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_7_label" aria-expanded="false">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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第 6 章 哈希表
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_hashing/hash_map/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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6.1 哈希表
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</span>
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</a>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_hashing/hash_collision/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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6.2 哈希冲突
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_hashing/hash_algorithm/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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6.3 哈希算法
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_hashing/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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6.4 小结
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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</nav>
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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第 7 章 树
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第 7 章 树
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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7.1 二叉树
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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7.2 二叉树遍历
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7.3 二叉树数组表示
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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7.4 二叉搜索树
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7.5 AVL 树 *
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7.6 小结
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</a>
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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第 8 章 堆
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</span>
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_9_label" aria-expanded="false">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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第 8 章 堆
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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8.1 堆
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</span>
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</a>
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<a href="../../chapter_heap/build_heap/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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8.2 建堆操作
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</a>
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8.3 Top-K 问题
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8.4 小结
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<a href="../../chapter_graph/" class="md-nav__link ">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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第 9 章 图
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_10_label" aria-expanded="false">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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第 9 章 图
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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9.1 图
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</span>
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</a>
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9.2 图基础操作
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</span>
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</a>
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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9.3 图的遍历
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</span>
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</a>
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9.4 小结
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</span>
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</a>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_11" >
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<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
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<a href="../../chapter_searching/" class="md-nav__link ">
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<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="m19.31 18.9 3.08 3.1L21 23.39l-3.12-3.07c-.69.43-1.51.68-2.38.68-2.5 0-4.5-2-4.5-4.5s2-4.5 4.5-4.5 4.5 2 4.5 4.5c0 .88-.25 1.71-.69 2.4m-3.81.1a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 0-5 2.5 2.5 0 0 0 0 5M21 4v2H3V4h18M3 16v-2h6v2H3m0-5V9h18v2h-2.03c-1.01-.63-2.2-1-3.47-1s-2.46.37-3.47 1H3Z"/></svg>
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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第 10 章 搜索
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</span>
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</a>
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<label class="md-nav__link " for="__nav_11">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</label>
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</div>
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_11_label" aria-expanded="false">
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_11">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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第 10 章 搜索
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_searching/binary_search/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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10.1 二分查找
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_searching/binary_search_insertion/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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10.2 二分查找插入点
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</span>
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<span class="md-status md-status--new" title="最近添加">
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_searching/binary_search_edge/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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10.3 二分查找边界
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</span>
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<span class="md-status md-status--new" title="最近添加">
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_searching/replace_linear_by_hashing/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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10.4 哈希优化策略
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_searching/searching_algorithm_revisited/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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10.5 重识搜索算法
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_searching/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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10.6 小结
|
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</nav>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--active md-nav__item--nested">
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_12" checked>
|
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<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
|
|
|
<a href="../" class="md-nav__link ">
|
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|
|
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19 17h3l-4 4-4-4h3V3h2M2 17h10v2H2M6 5v2H2V5m0 6h7v2H2v-2Z"/></svg>
|
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
|
第 11 章 排序
|
|
|
</span>
|
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</a>
|
|
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|
<label class="md-nav__link " for="__nav_12">
|
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|
|
</label>
|
|
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|
</div>
|
|
|
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|
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_12_label" aria-expanded="true">
|
|
|
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_12">
|
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|
|
第 11 章 排序
|
|
|
</label>
|
|
|
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../sorting_algorithm/" class="md-nav__link">
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|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
|
11.1 排序算法
|
|
|
</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../selection_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
|
11.2 选择排序
|
|
|
</span>
|
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../bubble_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
|
11.3 冒泡排序
|
|
|
</span>
|
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../insertion_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
|
11.4 插入排序
|
|
|
</span>
|
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
|
<a href="../quick_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
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|
|
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|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
|
11.5 快速排序
|
|
|
</span>
|
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
|
<a href="../merge_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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|
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|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
|
11.6 归并排序
|
|
|
</span>
|
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
|
<a href="../heap_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
|
11.7 堆排序
|
|
|
</span>
|
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
|
<a href="../bucket_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
|
11.8 桶排序
|
|
|
</span>
|
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</a>
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</li>
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|
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--active">
|
|
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|
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" type="checkbox" id="__toc">
|
|
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|
<label class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--active" for="__toc">
|
|
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|
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|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
|
11.9 计数排序
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
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|
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|
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|
|
</label>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="./" class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--active">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
|
11.9 计数排序
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
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|
</a>
|
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|
<nav class="md-nav md-nav--secondary" aria-label="目录">
|
|
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|
|
|
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|
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|
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__toc">
|
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|
|
目录
|
|
|
</label>
|
|
|
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-component="toc" data-md-scrollfix>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
|
<a href="#1191" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
11.9.1 简单实现
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
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|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
|
<a href="#1192" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
11.9.2 完整实现
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
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|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
|
<a href="#1193" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
11.9.3 算法特性
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
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|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
|
<a href="#1194" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
11.9.4 局限性
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
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|
|
</li>
|
|
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|
</ul>
|
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|
|
</nav>
|
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
|
<a href="../radix_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
|
11.10 基数排序
|
|
|
</span>
|
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../summary/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
|
11.11 小结
|
|
|
</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</nav>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
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|
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_13" >
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
|
|
|
<a href="../../chapter_divide_and_conquer/" class="md-nav__link ">
|
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第 12 章 分治
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第 12 章 分治
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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12.1 分治算法
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12.2 分治搜索策略
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12.3 构建树问题
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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12.4 汉诺塔问题
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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12.5 小结
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<a href="../../chapter_backtracking/" class="md-nav__link ">
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<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M18 15a3 3 0 0 1 3 3 3 3 0 0 1-3 3 2.99 2.99 0 0 1-2.83-2H14v-2h1.17c.41-1.17 1.52-2 2.83-2m0 2a1 1 0 0 0-1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1-1 1 1 0 0 0-1-1m0-9a1.43 1.43 0 0 0 1.43-1.43 1.43 1.43 0 1 0-2.86 0A1.43 1.43 0 0 0 18 8m0-5.43a4 4 0 0 1 4 4C22 9.56 18 14 18 14s-4-4.44-4-7.43a4 4 0 0 1 4-4M8.83 17H10v2H8.83A2.99 2.99 0 0 1 6 21a3 3 0 0 1-3-3c0-1.31.83-2.42 2-2.83V14h2v1.17c.85.3 1.53.98 1.83 1.83M6 17a1 1 0 0 0-1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1-1 1 1 0 0 0-1-1M6 3a3 3 0 0 1 3 3c0 1.31-.83 2.42-2 2.83V10H5V8.83A2.99 2.99 0 0 1 3 6a3 3 0 0 1 3-3m0 2a1 1 0 0 0-1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1-1 1 1 0 0 0-1-1m5 14v-2h2v2h-2m-4-6H5v-2h2v2Z"/></svg>
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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第 13 章 回溯
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</a>
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_14_label" aria-expanded="false">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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第 13 章 回溯
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<a href="../../chapter_backtracking/backtracking_algorithm/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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13.1 回溯算法
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13.2 全排列问题
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<a href="../../chapter_backtracking/subset_sum_problem/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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13.3 子集和问题
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<a href="../../chapter_backtracking/n_queens_problem/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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13.4 N 皇后问题
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<a href="../../chapter_backtracking/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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13.5 小结
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</a>
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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第 14 章 动态规划
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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第 14 章 动态规划
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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14.1 初探动态规划
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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14.2 DP 问题特性
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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14.3 DP 解题思路
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<a href="../../chapter_dynamic_programming/knapsack_problem/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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14.4 0-1 背包问题
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</span>
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<a href="../../chapter_dynamic_programming/unbounded_knapsack_problem/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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14.5 完全背包问题
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</span>
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14.6 编辑距离问题
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14.7 小结
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第 15 章 贪心
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15.1 贪心算法
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15.3 最大容量问题
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15.4 最大切分乘积问题
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15.5 小结
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11.9.1 简单实现
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11.9.2 完整实现
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11.9.3 算法特性
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11.9.4 局限性
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<a href="https://github.com/krahets/hello-algo/tree/main/docs/chapter_sorting/counting_sort.md" title="编辑此页" class="md-content__button md-icon">
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<h1 id="119">11.9 计数排序<a class="headerlink" href="#119" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h1>
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<p>「计数排序 counting sort」通过统计元素数量来实现排序，通常应用于整数数组。</p>
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<h2 id="1191">11.9.1 简单实现<a class="headerlink" href="#1191" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
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<p>先来看一个简单的例子。给定一个长度为 <span class="arithmatex">\(n\)</span> 的数组 <code>nums</code> ，其中的元素都是“非负整数”，计数排序的整体流程如图 11-16 所示。</p>
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<ol>
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<li>遍历数组，找出数组中的最大数字，记为 <span class="arithmatex">\(m\)</span> ，然后创建一个长度为 <span class="arithmatex">\(m + 1\)</span> 的辅助数组 <code>counter</code> 。</li>
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<li><strong>借助 <code>counter</code> 统计 <code>nums</code> 中各数字的出现次数</strong>，其中 <code>counter[num]</code> 对应数字 <code>num</code> 的出现次数。统计方法很简单，只需遍历 <code>nums</code>（设当前数字为 <code>num</code>），每轮将 <code>counter[num]</code> 增加 <span class="arithmatex">\(1\)</span> 即可。</li>
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<li><strong>由于 <code>counter</code> 的各个索引天然有序，因此相当于所有数字已经被排序好了</strong>。接下来，我们遍历 <code>counter</code> ，根据各数字的出现次数，将它们按从小到大的顺序填入 <code>nums</code> 即可。</li>
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</ol>
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<p><img alt="计数排序流程" src="../counting_sort.assets/counting_sort_overview.png" /></p>
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<p align="center"> 图 11-16 计数排序流程 </p>
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">counting_sort.java</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-0-1" name="__codelineno-0-1" href="#__codelineno-0-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 计数排序 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-2" name="__codelineno-0-2" href="#__codelineno-0-2"></a><span class="c1">// 简单实现，无法用于排序对象</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-3" name="__codelineno-0-3" href="#__codelineno-0-3"></a><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">countingSortNaive</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-4" name="__codelineno-0-4" href="#__codelineno-0-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 1. 统计数组最大元素 m</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-5" name="__codelineno-0-5" href="#__codelineno-0-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">m</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-6" name="__codelineno-0-6" href="#__codelineno-0-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-7" name="__codelineno-0-7" href="#__codelineno-0-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">m</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Math</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">max</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">m</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-8" name="__codelineno-0-8" href="#__codelineno-0-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-9" name="__codelineno-0-9" href="#__codelineno-0-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 2. 统计各数字的出现次数</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-10" name="__codelineno-0-10" href="#__codelineno-0-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// counter[num] 代表 num 的出现次数</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-11" name="__codelineno-0-11" href="#__codelineno-0-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">counter</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">m</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-12" name="__codelineno-0-12" href="#__codelineno-0-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-13" name="__codelineno-0-13" href="#__codelineno-0-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">counter</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="o">]++</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-14" name="__codelineno-0-14" href="#__codelineno-0-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-15" name="__codelineno-0-15" href="#__codelineno-0-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 3. 遍历 counter ，将各元素填入原数组 nums</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-16" name="__codelineno-0-16" href="#__codelineno-0-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-17" name="__codelineno-0-17" href="#__codelineno-0-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">m</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-18" name="__codelineno-0-18" href="#__codelineno-0-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">counter</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">j</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-19" name="__codelineno-0-19" href="#__codelineno-0-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-20" name="__codelineno-0-20" href="#__codelineno-0-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-21" name="__codelineno-0-21" href="#__codelineno-0-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-0-22" name="__codelineno-0-22" href="#__codelineno-0-22"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">counting_sort.cpp</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-1-1" name="__codelineno-1-1" href="#__codelineno-1-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 计数排序 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-2" name="__codelineno-1-2" href="#__codelineno-1-2"></a><span class="c1">// 简单实现，无法用于排序对象</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-3" name="__codelineno-1-3" href="#__codelineno-1-3"></a><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">countingSortNaive</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">vector</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-4" name="__codelineno-1-4" href="#__codelineno-1-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 1. 统计数组最大元素 m</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-5" name="__codelineno-1-5" href="#__codelineno-1-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">m</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-6" name="__codelineno-1-6" href="#__codelineno-1-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-7" name="__codelineno-1-7" href="#__codelineno-1-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">m</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">max</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">m</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-8" name="__codelineno-1-8" href="#__codelineno-1-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-9" name="__codelineno-1-9" href="#__codelineno-1-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 2. 统计各数字的出现次数</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-10" name="__codelineno-1-10" href="#__codelineno-1-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// counter[num] 代表 num 的出现次数</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-11" name="__codelineno-1-11" href="#__codelineno-1-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">vector</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">counter</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">m</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-12" name="__codelineno-1-12" href="#__codelineno-1-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-13" name="__codelineno-1-13" href="#__codelineno-1-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">counter</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-14" name="__codelineno-1-14" href="#__codelineno-1-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-15" name="__codelineno-1-15" href="#__codelineno-1-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 3. 遍历 counter ，将各元素填入原数组 nums</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-16" name="__codelineno-1-16" href="#__codelineno-1-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-17" name="__codelineno-1-17" href="#__codelineno-1-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">m</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-18" name="__codelineno-1-18" href="#__codelineno-1-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">counter</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">];</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">j</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-19" name="__codelineno-1-19" href="#__codelineno-1-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-20" name="__codelineno-1-20" href="#__codelineno-1-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-21" name="__codelineno-1-21" href="#__codelineno-1-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-22" name="__codelineno-1-22" href="#__codelineno-1-22"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">counting_sort.py</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-2-1" name="__codelineno-2-1" href="#__codelineno-2-1"></a><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">counting_sort_naive</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">]):</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-2" name="__codelineno-2-2" href="#__codelineno-2-2"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">"""计数排序"""</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-3" name="__codelineno-2-3" href="#__codelineno-2-3"></a> <span class="c1"># 简单实现，无法用于排序对象</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-4" name="__codelineno-2-4" href="#__codelineno-2-4"></a> <span class="c1"># 1. 统计数组最大元素 m</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-5" name="__codelineno-2-5" href="#__codelineno-2-5"></a> <span class="n">m</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-6" name="__codelineno-2-6" href="#__codelineno-2-6"></a> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">num</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">:</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-7" name="__codelineno-2-7" href="#__codelineno-2-7"></a> <span class="n">m</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">max</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">m</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">num</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-8" name="__codelineno-2-8" href="#__codelineno-2-8"></a> <span class="c1"># 2. 统计各数字的出现次数</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-9" name="__codelineno-2-9" href="#__codelineno-2-9"></a> <span class="c1"># counter[num] 代表 num 的出现次数</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-10" name="__codelineno-2-10" href="#__codelineno-2-10"></a> <span class="n">counter</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">m</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-11" name="__codelineno-2-11" href="#__codelineno-2-11"></a> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">num</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">:</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-12" name="__codelineno-2-12" href="#__codelineno-2-12"></a> <span class="n">counter</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">+=</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-13" name="__codelineno-2-13" href="#__codelineno-2-13"></a> <span class="c1"># 3. 遍历 counter ，将各元素填入原数组 nums</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-14" name="__codelineno-2-14" href="#__codelineno-2-14"></a> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-15" name="__codelineno-2-15" href="#__codelineno-2-15"></a> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">num</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">m</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">):</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-16" name="__codelineno-2-16" href="#__codelineno-2-16"></a> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">_</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">counter</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">]):</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-17" name="__codelineno-2-17" href="#__codelineno-2-17"></a> <span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">num</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-18" name="__codelineno-2-18" href="#__codelineno-2-18"></a> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">+=</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">counting_sort.go</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-3-1" name="__codelineno-3-1" href="#__codelineno-3-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 计数排序 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-2" name="__codelineno-3-2" href="#__codelineno-3-2"></a><span class="c1">// 简单实现，无法用于排序对象</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-3" name="__codelineno-3-3" href="#__codelineno-3-3"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">countingSortNaive</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[]</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-4" name="__codelineno-3-4" href="#__codelineno-3-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 1. 统计数组最大元素 m</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-5" name="__codelineno-3-5" href="#__codelineno-3-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">m</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-6" name="__codelineno-3-6" href="#__codelineno-3-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">_</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">range</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-7" name="__codelineno-3-7" href="#__codelineno-3-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">m</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-8" name="__codelineno-3-8" href="#__codelineno-3-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">m</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">num</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-9" name="__codelineno-3-9" href="#__codelineno-3-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-10" name="__codelineno-3-10" href="#__codelineno-3-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-11" name="__codelineno-3-11" href="#__codelineno-3-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 2. 统计各数字的出现次数</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-12" name="__codelineno-3-12" href="#__codelineno-3-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// counter[num] 代表 num 的出现次数</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-13" name="__codelineno-3-13" href="#__codelineno-3-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">counter</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">make</span><span class="p">([]</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">m</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-14" name="__codelineno-3-14" href="#__codelineno-3-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">_</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">range</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-15" name="__codelineno-3-15" href="#__codelineno-3-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">counter</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">num</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">++</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-16" name="__codelineno-3-16" href="#__codelineno-3-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-17" name="__codelineno-3-17" href="#__codelineno-3-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 3. 遍历 counter ，将各元素填入原数组 nums</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-18" name="__codelineno-3-18" href="#__codelineno-3-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">m</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">num</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-19" name="__codelineno-3-19" href="#__codelineno-3-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">counter</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">num</span><span class="p">];</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">j</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-20" name="__codelineno-3-20" href="#__codelineno-3-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">num</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-21" name="__codelineno-3-21" href="#__codelineno-3-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="o">++</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-22" name="__codelineno-3-22" href="#__codelineno-3-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-23" name="__codelineno-3-23" href="#__codelineno-3-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-24" name="__codelineno-3-24" href="#__codelineno-3-24"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">counting_sort.js</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-4-1" name="__codelineno-4-1" href="#__codelineno-4-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 计数排序 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-2" name="__codelineno-4-2" href="#__codelineno-4-2"></a><span class="c1">// 简单实现，无法用于排序对象</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-3" name="__codelineno-4-3" href="#__codelineno-4-3"></a><span class="kd">function</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">countingSortNaive</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-4" name="__codelineno-4-4" href="#__codelineno-4-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 1. 统计数组最大元素 m</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-5" name="__codelineno-4-5" href="#__codelineno-4-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">m</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-6" name="__codelineno-4-6" href="#__codelineno-4-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">of</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-7" name="__codelineno-4-7" href="#__codelineno-4-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">m</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Math</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">max</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">m</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">num</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-8" name="__codelineno-4-8" href="#__codelineno-4-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-9" name="__codelineno-4-9" href="#__codelineno-4-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 2. 统计各数字的出现次数</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-10" name="__codelineno-4-10" href="#__codelineno-4-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// counter[num] 代表 num 的出现次数</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-11" name="__codelineno-4-11" href="#__codelineno-4-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">counter</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">m</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1</span><span class="p">).</span><span class="nx">fill</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-12" name="__codelineno-4-12" href="#__codelineno-4-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">of</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-13" name="__codelineno-4-13" href="#__codelineno-4-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">counter</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">num</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-14" name="__codelineno-4-14" href="#__codelineno-4-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-15" name="__codelineno-4-15" href="#__codelineno-4-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 3. 遍历 counter ，将各元素填入原数组 nums</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-16" name="__codelineno-4-16" href="#__codelineno-4-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-17" name="__codelineno-4-17" href="#__codelineno-4-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">m</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">num</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-18" name="__codelineno-4-18" href="#__codelineno-4-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">counter</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">num</span><span class="p">];</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">j</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-19" name="__codelineno-4-19" href="#__codelineno-4-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">num</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-20" name="__codelineno-4-20" href="#__codelineno-4-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-21" name="__codelineno-4-21" href="#__codelineno-4-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-22" name="__codelineno-4-22" href="#__codelineno-4-22"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">counting_sort.ts</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-5-1" name="__codelineno-5-1" href="#__codelineno-5-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 计数排序 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-2" name="__codelineno-5-2" href="#__codelineno-5-2"></a><span class="c1">// 简单实现，无法用于排序对象</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-3" name="__codelineno-5-3" href="#__codelineno-5-3"></a><span class="kd">function</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">countingSortNaive</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="p">[])</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-4" name="__codelineno-5-4" href="#__codelineno-5-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 1. 统计数组最大元素 m</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-5" name="__codelineno-5-5" href="#__codelineno-5-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">m</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-6" name="__codelineno-5-6" href="#__codelineno-5-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">of</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-7" name="__codelineno-5-7" href="#__codelineno-5-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">m</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Math</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">max</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">m</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">num</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-8" name="__codelineno-5-8" href="#__codelineno-5-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-9" name="__codelineno-5-9" href="#__codelineno-5-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 2. 统计各数字的出现次数</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-10" name="__codelineno-5-10" href="#__codelineno-5-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// counter[num] 代表 num 的出现次数</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-11" name="__codelineno-5-11" href="#__codelineno-5-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">counter</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="p">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Array</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="o">></span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">m</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1</span><span class="p">).</span><span class="nx">fill</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-12" name="__codelineno-5-12" href="#__codelineno-5-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">of</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-13" name="__codelineno-5-13" href="#__codelineno-5-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">counter</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">num</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-14" name="__codelineno-5-14" href="#__codelineno-5-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-15" name="__codelineno-5-15" href="#__codelineno-5-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 3. 遍历 counter ，将各元素填入原数组 nums</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-16" name="__codelineno-5-16" href="#__codelineno-5-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-17" name="__codelineno-5-17" href="#__codelineno-5-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">m</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">num</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-18" name="__codelineno-5-18" href="#__codelineno-5-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">counter</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">num</span><span class="p">];</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">j</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-19" name="__codelineno-5-19" href="#__codelineno-5-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">num</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-20" name="__codelineno-5-20" href="#__codelineno-5-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-21" name="__codelineno-5-21" href="#__codelineno-5-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-22" name="__codelineno-5-22" href="#__codelineno-5-22"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">counting_sort.c</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-6-1" name="__codelineno-6-1" href="#__codelineno-6-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 计数排序 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-2" name="__codelineno-6-2" href="#__codelineno-6-2"></a><span class="c1">// 简单实现，无法用于排序对象</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-3" name="__codelineno-6-3" href="#__codelineno-6-3"></a><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">countingSortNaive</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-4" name="__codelineno-6-4" href="#__codelineno-6-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 1. 统计数组最大元素 m</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-5" name="__codelineno-6-5" href="#__codelineno-6-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">m</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-6" name="__codelineno-6-6" href="#__codelineno-6-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-7" name="__codelineno-6-7" href="#__codelineno-6-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">m</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-8" name="__codelineno-6-8" href="#__codelineno-6-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">m</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">];</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-9" name="__codelineno-6-9" href="#__codelineno-6-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-10" name="__codelineno-6-10" href="#__codelineno-6-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-11" name="__codelineno-6-11" href="#__codelineno-6-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 2. 统计各数字的出现次数</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-12" name="__codelineno-6-12" href="#__codelineno-6-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// counter[num] 代表 num 的出现次数</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-13" name="__codelineno-6-13" href="#__codelineno-6-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">counter</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">malloc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">sizeof</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">m</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-14" name="__codelineno-6-14" href="#__codelineno-6-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-15" name="__codelineno-6-15" href="#__codelineno-6-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">counter</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]]</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-16" name="__codelineno-6-16" href="#__codelineno-6-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-17" name="__codelineno-6-17" href="#__codelineno-6-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 3. 遍历 counter ，将各元素填入原数组 nums</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-18" name="__codelineno-6-18" href="#__codelineno-6-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-19" name="__codelineno-6-19" href="#__codelineno-6-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">m</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-20" name="__codelineno-6-20" href="#__codelineno-6-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">counter</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">];</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">j</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-21" name="__codelineno-6-21" href="#__codelineno-6-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-22" name="__codelineno-6-22" href="#__codelineno-6-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-23" name="__codelineno-6-23" href="#__codelineno-6-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-24" name="__codelineno-6-24" href="#__codelineno-6-24"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">counting_sort.cs</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-7-1" name="__codelineno-7-1" href="#__codelineno-7-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 计数排序 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-2" name="__codelineno-7-2" href="#__codelineno-7-2"></a><span class="c1">// 简单实现，无法用于排序对象</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-3" name="__codelineno-7-3" href="#__codelineno-7-3"></a><span class="k">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">countingSortNaive</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-4" name="__codelineno-7-4" href="#__codelineno-7-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 1. 统计数组最大元素 m</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-5" name="__codelineno-7-5" href="#__codelineno-7-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">m</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-6" name="__codelineno-7-6" href="#__codelineno-7-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">foreach</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-7" name="__codelineno-7-7" href="#__codelineno-7-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">m</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Math</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Max</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">m</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-8" name="__codelineno-7-8" href="#__codelineno-7-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-9" name="__codelineno-7-9" href="#__codelineno-7-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 2. 统计各数字的出现次数</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-10" name="__codelineno-7-10" href="#__codelineno-7-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// counter[num] 代表 num 的出现次数</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-11" name="__codelineno-7-11" href="#__codelineno-7-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">counter</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">m</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1</span><span class="p">];</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-12" name="__codelineno-7-12" href="#__codelineno-7-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">foreach</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-13" name="__codelineno-7-13" href="#__codelineno-7-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">counter</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-14" name="__codelineno-7-14" href="#__codelineno-7-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-15" name="__codelineno-7-15" href="#__codelineno-7-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 3. 遍历 counter ，将各元素填入原数组 nums</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-16" name="__codelineno-7-16" href="#__codelineno-7-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-17" name="__codelineno-7-17" href="#__codelineno-7-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">m</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-18" name="__codelineno-7-18" href="#__codelineno-7-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">counter</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">];</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">j</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-19" name="__codelineno-7-19" href="#__codelineno-7-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-20" name="__codelineno-7-20" href="#__codelineno-7-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-21" name="__codelineno-7-21" href="#__codelineno-7-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-22" name="__codelineno-7-22" href="#__codelineno-7-22"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">counting_sort.swift</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-8-1" name="__codelineno-8-1" href="#__codelineno-8-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 计数排序 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-2" name="__codelineno-8-2" href="#__codelineno-8-2"></a><span class="c1">// 简单实现，无法用于排序对象</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-3" name="__codelineno-8-3" href="#__codelineno-8-3"></a><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nf">countingSortNaive</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="kr">inout</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">Int</span><span class="p">])</span> <span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-4" name="__codelineno-8-4" href="#__codelineno-8-4"></a> <span class="c1">// 1. 统计数组最大元素 m</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-5" name="__codelineno-8-5" href="#__codelineno-8-5"></a> <span class="kd">let</span> <span class="nv">m</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="bp">max</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">!</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-6" name="__codelineno-8-6" href="#__codelineno-8-6"></a> <span class="c1">// 2. 统计各数字的出现次数</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-7" name="__codelineno-8-7" href="#__codelineno-8-7"></a> <span class="c1">// counter[num] 代表 num 的出现次数</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-8" name="__codelineno-8-8" href="#__codelineno-8-8"></a> <span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nv">counter</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="nb">Array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">repeating</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">count</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">m</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-9" name="__codelineno-8-9" href="#__codelineno-8-9"></a> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">num</span> <span class="k">in</span> <span class="n">nums</span> <span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-10" name="__codelineno-8-10" href="#__codelineno-8-10"></a> <span class="n">counter</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">+=</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-11" name="__codelineno-8-11" href="#__codelineno-8-11"></a> <span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-12" name="__codelineno-8-12" href="#__codelineno-8-12"></a> <span class="c1">// 3. 遍历 counter ，将各元素填入原数组 nums</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-13" name="__codelineno-8-13" href="#__codelineno-8-13"></a> <span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nv">i</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-14" name="__codelineno-8-14" href="#__codelineno-8-14"></a> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">num</span> <span class="k">in</span> <span class="bp">stride</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">from</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">to</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">m</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">by</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-15" name="__codelineno-8-15" href="#__codelineno-8-15"></a> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="kc">_</span> <span class="k">in</span> <span class="bp">stride</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">from</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">to</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">counter</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">by</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-16" name="__codelineno-8-16" href="#__codelineno-8-16"></a> <span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="n">num</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-17" name="__codelineno-8-17" href="#__codelineno-8-17"></a> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">+=</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-18" name="__codelineno-8-18" href="#__codelineno-8-18"></a> <span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-19" name="__codelineno-8-19" href="#__codelineno-8-19"></a> <span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-8-20" name="__codelineno-8-20" href="#__codelineno-8-20"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">counting_sort.zig</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-9-1" name="__codelineno-9-1" href="#__codelineno-9-1"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">class</span><span class="p">]{}</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="p">]{</span><span class="n">countingSortNaive</span><span class="p">}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">counting_sort.dart</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-10-1" name="__codelineno-10-1" href="#__codelineno-10-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 计数排序 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-2" name="__codelineno-10-2" href="#__codelineno-10-2"></a><span class="c1">// 简单实现，无法用于排序对象</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-3" name="__codelineno-10-3" href="#__codelineno-10-3"></a><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">countingSortNaive</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-4" name="__codelineno-10-4" href="#__codelineno-10-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 1. 统计数组最大元素 m</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-5" name="__codelineno-10-5" href="#__codelineno-10-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">m</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-6" name="__codelineno-10-6" href="#__codelineno-10-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-7" name="__codelineno-10-7" href="#__codelineno-10-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">m</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">max</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">m</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">num</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-8" name="__codelineno-10-8" href="#__codelineno-10-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-9" name="__codelineno-10-9" href="#__codelineno-10-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 2. 统计各数字的出现次数</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-10" name="__codelineno-10-10" href="#__codelineno-10-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// counter[num] 代表 num 的出现次数</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-11" name="__codelineno-10-11" href="#__codelineno-10-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">counter</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">List</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">filled</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">m</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-12" name="__codelineno-10-12" href="#__codelineno-10-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-13" name="__codelineno-10-13" href="#__codelineno-10-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">counter</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="kt">num</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-14" name="__codelineno-10-14" href="#__codelineno-10-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-15" name="__codelineno-10-15" href="#__codelineno-10-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 3. 遍历 counter ，将各元素填入原数组 nums</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-16" name="__codelineno-10-16" href="#__codelineno-10-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-17" name="__codelineno-10-17" href="#__codelineno-10-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">m</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">num</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-18" name="__codelineno-10-18" href="#__codelineno-10-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">counter</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="kt">num</span><span class="p">];</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">j</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-19" name="__codelineno-10-19" href="#__codelineno-10-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">num</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-20" name="__codelineno-10-20" href="#__codelineno-10-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-21" name="__codelineno-10-21" href="#__codelineno-10-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-22" name="__codelineno-10-22" href="#__codelineno-10-22"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">counting_sort.rs</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-11-1" name="__codelineno-11-1" href="#__codelineno-11-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 计数排序 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-2" name="__codelineno-11-2" href="#__codelineno-11-2"></a><span class="c1">// 简单实现，无法用于排序对象</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-3" name="__codelineno-11-3" href="#__codelineno-11-3"></a><span class="k">fn</span> <span class="nf">counting_sort_naive</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span>: <span class="kp">&</span><span class="nc">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="p">])</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-4" name="__codelineno-11-4" href="#__codelineno-11-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 1. 统计数组最大元素 m</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-5" name="__codelineno-11-5" href="#__codelineno-11-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">m</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">into_iter</span><span class="p">().</span><span class="n">max</span><span class="p">().</span><span class="n">unwrap</span><span class="p">();</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-6" name="__codelineno-11-6" href="#__codelineno-11-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 2. 统计各数字的出现次数</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-7" name="__codelineno-11-7" href="#__codelineno-11-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// counter[num] 代表 num 的出现次数</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-8" name="__codelineno-11-8" href="#__codelineno-11-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">counter</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="fm">vec!</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">m</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">usize</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">];</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-9" name="__codelineno-11-9" href="#__codelineno-11-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&*</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-10" name="__codelineno-11-10" href="#__codelineno-11-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">counter</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">usize</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-11" name="__codelineno-11-11" href="#__codelineno-11-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-12" name="__codelineno-11-12" href="#__codelineno-11-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 3. 遍历 counter ，将各元素填入原数组 nums</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-13" name="__codelineno-11-13" href="#__codelineno-11-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-14" name="__codelineno-11-14" href="#__codelineno-11-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="o">..</span><span class="n">m</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-15" name="__codelineno-11-15" href="#__codelineno-11-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="o">..</span><span class="n">counter</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">usize</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-16" name="__codelineno-11-16" href="#__codelineno-11-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-17" name="__codelineno-11-17" href="#__codelineno-11-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-18" name="__codelineno-11-18" href="#__codelineno-11-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-19" name="__codelineno-11-19" href="#__codelineno-11-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-20" name="__codelineno-11-20" href="#__codelineno-11-20"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="admonition note">
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<p class="admonition-title">计数排序与桶排序的联系</p>
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<p>从桶排序的角度看，我们可以将计数排序中的计数数组 <code>counter</code> 的每个索引视为一个桶，将统计数量的过程看作是将各个元素分配到对应的桶中。本质上，计数排序是桶排序在整型数据下的一个特例。</p>
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</div>
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<h2 id="1192">11.9.2 完整实现<a class="headerlink" href="#1192" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
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<p>细心的同学可能发现，<strong>如果输入数据是对象，上述步骤 <code>3.</code> 就失效了</strong>。假设输入数据是商品对象，我们想要按照商品价格（类的成员变量）对商品进行排序，而上述算法只能给出价格的排序结果。</p>
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<p>那么如何才能得到原数据的排序结果呢？我们首先计算 <code>counter</code> 的“前缀和”。顾名思义，索引 <code>i</code> 处的前缀和 <code>prefix[i]</code> 等于数组前 <code>i</code> 个元素之和：</p>
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<div class="arithmatex">\[
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\text{prefix}[i] = \sum_{j=0}^i \text{counter[j]}
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\]</div>
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<p><strong>前缀和具有明确的意义，<code>prefix[num] - 1</code> 代表元素 <code>num</code> 在结果数组 <code>res</code> 中最后一次出现的索引</strong>。这个信息非常关键，因为它告诉我们各个元素应该出现在结果数组的哪个位置。接下来，我们倒序遍历原数组 <code>nums</code> 的每个元素 <code>num</code> ，在每轮迭代中执行以下两步。</p>
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<ol>
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<li>将 <code>num</code> 填入数组 <code>res</code> 的索引 <code>prefix[num] - 1</code> 处。</li>
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<li>令前缀和 <code>prefix[num]</code> 减小 <span class="arithmatex">\(1\)</span> ，从而得到下次放置 <code>num</code> 的索引。</li>
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</ol>
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<p>遍历完成后，数组 <code>res</code> 中就是排序好的结果，最后使用 <code>res</code> 覆盖原数组 <code>nums</code> 即可。图 11-17 展示了完整的计数排序流程。</p>
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<div class="tabbed-set tabbed-alternate" data-tabs="2:8"><input checked="checked" id="__tabbed_2_1" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_2" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_3" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_4" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_5" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_6" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_7" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_8" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><div class="tabbed-labels"><label for="__tabbed_2_1"><1></label><label for="__tabbed_2_2"><2></label><label for="__tabbed_2_3"><3></label><label for="__tabbed_2_4"><4></label><label for="__tabbed_2_5"><5></label><label for="__tabbed_2_6"><6></label><label for="__tabbed_2_7"><7></label><label for="__tabbed_2_8"><8></label></div>
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<div class="tabbed-content">
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<p><img alt="计数排序步骤" src="../counting_sort.assets/counting_sort_step1.png" /></p>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<p><img alt="counting_sort_step2" src="../counting_sort.assets/counting_sort_step2.png" /></p>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<p><img alt="counting_sort_step3" src="../counting_sort.assets/counting_sort_step3.png" /></p>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<p><img alt="counting_sort_step4" src="../counting_sort.assets/counting_sort_step4.png" /></p>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<p><img alt="counting_sort_step5" src="../counting_sort.assets/counting_sort_step5.png" /></p>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<p><img alt="counting_sort_step6" src="../counting_sort.assets/counting_sort_step6.png" /></p>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<p><img alt="counting_sort_step7" src="../counting_sort.assets/counting_sort_step7.png" /></p>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<p><img alt="counting_sort_step8" src="../counting_sort.assets/counting_sort_step8.png" /></p>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<p align="center"> 图 11-17 计数排序步骤 </p>
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<p>计数排序的实现代码如下所示。</p>
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<div class="tabbed-set tabbed-alternate" data-tabs="3:12"><input checked="checked" id="__tabbed_3_1" name="__tabbed_3" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_3_2" name="__tabbed_3" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_3_3" name="__tabbed_3" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_3_4" name="__tabbed_3" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_3_5" name="__tabbed_3" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_3_6" name="__tabbed_3" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_3_7" name="__tabbed_3" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_3_8" name="__tabbed_3" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_3_9" name="__tabbed_3" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_3_10" name="__tabbed_3" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_3_11" name="__tabbed_3" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_3_12" name="__tabbed_3" type="radio" /><div class="tabbed-labels"><label for="__tabbed_3_1">Java</label><label for="__tabbed_3_2">C++</label><label for="__tabbed_3_3">Python</label><label for="__tabbed_3_4">Go</label><label for="__tabbed_3_5">JS</label><label for="__tabbed_3_6">TS</label><label for="__tabbed_3_7">C</label><label for="__tabbed_3_8">C#</label><label for="__tabbed_3_9">Swift</label><label for="__tabbed_3_10">Zig</label><label for="__tabbed_3_11">Dart</label><label for="__tabbed_3_12">Rust</label></div>
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<div class="tabbed-content">
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">counting_sort.java</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-12-1" name="__codelineno-12-1" href="#__codelineno-12-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 计数排序 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-2" name="__codelineno-12-2" href="#__codelineno-12-2"></a><span class="c1">// 完整实现，可排序对象，并且是稳定排序</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-3" name="__codelineno-12-3" href="#__codelineno-12-3"></a><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">countingSort</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-4" name="__codelineno-12-4" href="#__codelineno-12-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 1. 统计数组最大元素 m</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-5" name="__codelineno-12-5" href="#__codelineno-12-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">m</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-6" name="__codelineno-12-6" href="#__codelineno-12-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-7" name="__codelineno-12-7" href="#__codelineno-12-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">m</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Math</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">max</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">m</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-8" name="__codelineno-12-8" href="#__codelineno-12-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-9" name="__codelineno-12-9" href="#__codelineno-12-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 2. 统计各数字的出现次数</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-10" name="__codelineno-12-10" href="#__codelineno-12-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// counter[num] 代表 num 的出现次数</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-11" name="__codelineno-12-11" href="#__codelineno-12-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">counter</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">m</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-12" name="__codelineno-12-12" href="#__codelineno-12-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-13" name="__codelineno-12-13" href="#__codelineno-12-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">counter</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="o">]++</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-14" name="__codelineno-12-14" href="#__codelineno-12-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-15" name="__codelineno-12-15" href="#__codelineno-12-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 3. 求 counter 的前缀和，将“出现次数”转换为“尾索引”</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-16" name="__codelineno-12-16" href="#__codelineno-12-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 即 counter[num]-1 是 num 在 res 中最后一次出现的索引</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-17" name="__codelineno-12-17" href="#__codelineno-12-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">m</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-18" name="__codelineno-12-18" href="#__codelineno-12-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">counter</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">counter</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-19" name="__codelineno-12-19" href="#__codelineno-12-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-20" name="__codelineno-12-20" href="#__codelineno-12-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 4. 倒序遍历 nums ，将各元素填入结果数组 res</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-21" name="__codelineno-12-21" href="#__codelineno-12-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 初始化数组 res 用于记录结果</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-22" name="__codelineno-12-22" href="#__codelineno-12-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">length</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-23" name="__codelineno-12-23" href="#__codelineno-12-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-24" name="__codelineno-12-24" href="#__codelineno-12-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">>=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">--</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-25" name="__codelineno-12-25" href="#__codelineno-12-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-26" name="__codelineno-12-26" href="#__codelineno-12-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">counter</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 将 num 放置到对应索引处</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-27" name="__codelineno-12-27" href="#__codelineno-12-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">counter</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="o">]--</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 令前缀和自减 1 ，得到下次放置 num 的索引</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-28" name="__codelineno-12-28" href="#__codelineno-12-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-29" name="__codelineno-12-29" href="#__codelineno-12-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 使用结果数组 res 覆盖原数组 nums</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-30" name="__codelineno-12-30" href="#__codelineno-12-30"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-31" name="__codelineno-12-31" href="#__codelineno-12-31"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-32" name="__codelineno-12-32" href="#__codelineno-12-32"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-33" name="__codelineno-12-33" href="#__codelineno-12-33"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">counting_sort.cpp</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-13-1" name="__codelineno-13-1" href="#__codelineno-13-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 计数排序 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-2" name="__codelineno-13-2" href="#__codelineno-13-2"></a><span class="c1">// 完整实现，可排序对象，并且是稳定排序</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-3" name="__codelineno-13-3" href="#__codelineno-13-3"></a><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">countingSort</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">vector</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-4" name="__codelineno-13-4" href="#__codelineno-13-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 1. 统计数组最大元素 m</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-5" name="__codelineno-13-5" href="#__codelineno-13-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">m</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-6" name="__codelineno-13-6" href="#__codelineno-13-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-7" name="__codelineno-13-7" href="#__codelineno-13-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">m</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">max</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">m</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-8" name="__codelineno-13-8" href="#__codelineno-13-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-9" name="__codelineno-13-9" href="#__codelineno-13-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 2. 统计各数字的出现次数</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-10" name="__codelineno-13-10" href="#__codelineno-13-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// counter[num] 代表 num 的出现次数</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-11" name="__codelineno-13-11" href="#__codelineno-13-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">vector</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">counter</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">m</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-12" name="__codelineno-13-12" href="#__codelineno-13-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-13" name="__codelineno-13-13" href="#__codelineno-13-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">counter</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-14" name="__codelineno-13-14" href="#__codelineno-13-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-15" name="__codelineno-13-15" href="#__codelineno-13-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 3. 求 counter 的前缀和，将“出现次数”转换为“尾索引”</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-16" name="__codelineno-13-16" href="#__codelineno-13-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 即 counter[num]-1 是 num 在 res 中最后一次出现的索引</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-17" name="__codelineno-13-17" href="#__codelineno-13-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">m</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-18" name="__codelineno-13-18" href="#__codelineno-13-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">counter</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">counter</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">];</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-19" name="__codelineno-13-19" href="#__codelineno-13-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-20" name="__codelineno-13-20" href="#__codelineno-13-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 4. 倒序遍历 nums ，将各元素填入结果数组 res</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-21" name="__codelineno-13-21" href="#__codelineno-13-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 初始化数组 res 用于记录结果</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-22" name="__codelineno-13-22" href="#__codelineno-13-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">();</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-23" name="__codelineno-13-23" href="#__codelineno-13-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">vector</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-24" name="__codelineno-13-24" href="#__codelineno-13-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">>=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">--</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-25" name="__codelineno-13-25" href="#__codelineno-13-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">];</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-26" name="__codelineno-13-26" href="#__codelineno-13-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">counter</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 将 num 放置到对应索引处</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-27" name="__codelineno-13-27" href="#__codelineno-13-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">counter</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">--</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 令前缀和自减 1 ，得到下次放置 num 的索引</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-28" name="__codelineno-13-28" href="#__codelineno-13-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-29" name="__codelineno-13-29" href="#__codelineno-13-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 使用结果数组 res 覆盖原数组 nums</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-30" name="__codelineno-13-30" href="#__codelineno-13-30"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-31" name="__codelineno-13-31" href="#__codelineno-13-31"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">counting_sort.py</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-14-1" name="__codelineno-14-1" href="#__codelineno-14-1"></a><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">counting_sort</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">]):</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-14-2" name="__codelineno-14-2" href="#__codelineno-14-2"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">"""计数排序"""</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-14-3" name="__codelineno-14-3" href="#__codelineno-14-3"></a> <span class="c1"># 完整实现，可排序对象，并且是稳定排序</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-14-4" name="__codelineno-14-4" href="#__codelineno-14-4"></a> <span class="c1"># 1. 统计数组最大元素 m</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-14-5" name="__codelineno-14-5" href="#__codelineno-14-5"></a> <span class="n">m</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">max</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-14-6" name="__codelineno-14-6" href="#__codelineno-14-6"></a> <span class="c1"># 2. 统计各数字的出现次数</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-14-7" name="__codelineno-14-7" href="#__codelineno-14-7"></a> <span class="c1"># counter[num] 代表 num 的出现次数</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-14-8" name="__codelineno-14-8" href="#__codelineno-14-8"></a> <span class="n">counter</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">m</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-14-9" name="__codelineno-14-9" href="#__codelineno-14-9"></a> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">num</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">:</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-14-10" name="__codelineno-14-10" href="#__codelineno-14-10"></a> <span class="n">counter</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">+=</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-14-11" name="__codelineno-14-11" href="#__codelineno-14-11"></a> <span class="c1"># 3. 求 counter 的前缀和，将“出现次数”转换为“尾索引”</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-14-12" name="__codelineno-14-12" href="#__codelineno-14-12"></a> <span class="c1"># 即 counter[num]-1 是 num 在 res 中最后一次出现的索引</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-14-13" name="__codelineno-14-13" href="#__codelineno-14-13"></a> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">m</span><span class="p">):</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-14-14" name="__codelineno-14-14" href="#__codelineno-14-14"></a> <span class="n">counter</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">+=</span> <span class="n">counter</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-14-15" name="__codelineno-14-15" href="#__codelineno-14-15"></a> <span class="c1"># 4. 倒序遍历 nums ，将各元素填入结果数组 res</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-14-16" name="__codelineno-14-16" href="#__codelineno-14-16"></a> <span class="c1"># 初始化数组 res 用于记录结果</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-14-17" name="__codelineno-14-17" href="#__codelineno-14-17"></a> <span class="n">n</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-14-18" name="__codelineno-14-18" href="#__codelineno-14-18"></a> <span class="n">res</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">n</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-14-19" name="__codelineno-14-19" href="#__codelineno-14-19"></a> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">):</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-14-20" name="__codelineno-14-20" href="#__codelineno-14-20"></a> <span class="n">num</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-14-21" name="__codelineno-14-21" href="#__codelineno-14-21"></a> <span class="n">res</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">counter</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">num</span> <span class="c1"># 将 num 放置到对应索引处</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-14-22" name="__codelineno-14-22" href="#__codelineno-14-22"></a> <span class="n">counter</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">-=</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="c1"># 令前缀和自减 1 ，得到下次放置 num 的索引</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-14-23" name="__codelineno-14-23" href="#__codelineno-14-23"></a> <span class="c1"># 使用结果数组 res 覆盖原数组 nums</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-14-24" name="__codelineno-14-24" href="#__codelineno-14-24"></a> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">):</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-14-25" name="__codelineno-14-25" href="#__codelineno-14-25"></a> <span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">res</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">counting_sort.go</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-15-1" name="__codelineno-15-1" href="#__codelineno-15-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 计数排序 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-15-2" name="__codelineno-15-2" href="#__codelineno-15-2"></a><span class="c1">// 完整实现，可排序对象，并且是稳定排序</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-15-3" name="__codelineno-15-3" href="#__codelineno-15-3"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">countingSort</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[]</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-15-4" name="__codelineno-15-4" href="#__codelineno-15-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 1. 统计数组最大元素 m</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-15-5" name="__codelineno-15-5" href="#__codelineno-15-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">m</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-15-6" name="__codelineno-15-6" href="#__codelineno-15-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">_</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">range</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-15-7" name="__codelineno-15-7" href="#__codelineno-15-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">m</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-15-8" name="__codelineno-15-8" href="#__codelineno-15-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">m</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">num</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-15-9" name="__codelineno-15-9" href="#__codelineno-15-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-15-10" name="__codelineno-15-10" href="#__codelineno-15-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-15-11" name="__codelineno-15-11" href="#__codelineno-15-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 2. 统计各数字的出现次数</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-15-12" name="__codelineno-15-12" href="#__codelineno-15-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// counter[num] 代表 num 的出现次数</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-15-13" name="__codelineno-15-13" href="#__codelineno-15-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">counter</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">make</span><span class="p">([]</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">m</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-15-14" name="__codelineno-15-14" href="#__codelineno-15-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">_</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">range</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-15-15" name="__codelineno-15-15" href="#__codelineno-15-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">counter</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">num</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">++</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-15-16" name="__codelineno-15-16" href="#__codelineno-15-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-15-17" name="__codelineno-15-17" href="#__codelineno-15-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 3. 求 counter 的前缀和，将“出现次数”转换为“尾索引”</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-15-18" name="__codelineno-15-18" href="#__codelineno-15-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 即 counter[num]-1 是 num 在 res 中最后一次出现的索引</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-15-19" name="__codelineno-15-19" href="#__codelineno-15-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">m</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-15-20" name="__codelineno-15-20" href="#__codelineno-15-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">counter</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">counter</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">]</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-15-21" name="__codelineno-15-21" href="#__codelineno-15-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-15-22" name="__codelineno-15-22" href="#__codelineno-15-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 4. 倒序遍历 nums ，将各元素填入结果数组 res</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-15-23" name="__codelineno-15-23" href="#__codelineno-15-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 初始化数组 res 用于记录结果</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-15-24" name="__codelineno-15-24" href="#__codelineno-15-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-15-25" name="__codelineno-15-25" href="#__codelineno-15-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">make</span><span class="p">([]</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-15-26" name="__codelineno-15-26" href="#__codelineno-15-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">>=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="o">--</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-15-27" name="__codelineno-15-27" href="#__codelineno-15-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">]</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-15-28" name="__codelineno-15-28" href="#__codelineno-15-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 将 num 放置到对应索引处</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-15-29" name="__codelineno-15-29" href="#__codelineno-15-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">counter</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">num</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">num</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-15-30" name="__codelineno-15-30" href="#__codelineno-15-30"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 令前缀和自减 1 ，得到下次放置 num 的索引</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-15-31" name="__codelineno-15-31" href="#__codelineno-15-31"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">counter</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">num</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">--</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-15-32" name="__codelineno-15-32" href="#__codelineno-15-32"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-15-33" name="__codelineno-15-33" href="#__codelineno-15-33"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 使用结果数组 res 覆盖原数组 nums</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-15-34" name="__codelineno-15-34" href="#__codelineno-15-34"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">copy</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-15-35" name="__codelineno-15-35" href="#__codelineno-15-35"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">counting_sort.js</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-16-1" name="__codelineno-16-1" href="#__codelineno-16-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 计数排序 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-16-2" name="__codelineno-16-2" href="#__codelineno-16-2"></a><span class="c1">// 完整实现，可排序对象，并且是稳定排序</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-16-3" name="__codelineno-16-3" href="#__codelineno-16-3"></a><span class="kd">function</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">countingSort</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-16-4" name="__codelineno-16-4" href="#__codelineno-16-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 1. 统计数组最大元素 m</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-16-5" name="__codelineno-16-5" href="#__codelineno-16-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">m</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-16-6" name="__codelineno-16-6" href="#__codelineno-16-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">of</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-16-7" name="__codelineno-16-7" href="#__codelineno-16-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">m</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Math</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">max</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">m</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">num</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-16-8" name="__codelineno-16-8" href="#__codelineno-16-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-16-9" name="__codelineno-16-9" href="#__codelineno-16-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 2. 统计各数字的出现次数</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-16-10" name="__codelineno-16-10" href="#__codelineno-16-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// counter[num] 代表 num 的出现次数</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-16-11" name="__codelineno-16-11" href="#__codelineno-16-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">counter</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">m</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1</span><span class="p">).</span><span class="nx">fill</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-16-12" name="__codelineno-16-12" href="#__codelineno-16-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">of</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-16-13" name="__codelineno-16-13" href="#__codelineno-16-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">counter</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">num</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-16-14" name="__codelineno-16-14" href="#__codelineno-16-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-16-15" name="__codelineno-16-15" href="#__codelineno-16-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 3. 求 counter 的前缀和，将“出现次数”转换为“尾索引”</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-16-16" name="__codelineno-16-16" href="#__codelineno-16-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 即 counter[num]-1 是 num 在 res 中最后一次出现的索引</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-16-17" name="__codelineno-16-17" href="#__codelineno-16-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">m</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-16-18" name="__codelineno-16-18" href="#__codelineno-16-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">counter</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">counter</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">];</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-16-19" name="__codelineno-16-19" href="#__codelineno-16-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-16-20" name="__codelineno-16-20" href="#__codelineno-16-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 4. 倒序遍历 nums ，将各元素填入结果数组 res</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-16-21" name="__codelineno-16-21" href="#__codelineno-16-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 初始化数组 res 用于记录结果</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-16-22" name="__codelineno-16-22" href="#__codelineno-16-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">length</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-16-23" name="__codelineno-16-23" href="#__codelineno-16-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-16-24" name="__codelineno-16-24" href="#__codelineno-16-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">>=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="o">--</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-16-25" name="__codelineno-16-25" href="#__codelineno-16-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">];</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-16-26" name="__codelineno-16-26" href="#__codelineno-16-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">counter</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">num</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">num</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 将 num 放置到对应索引处</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-16-27" name="__codelineno-16-27" href="#__codelineno-16-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">counter</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">num</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">--</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 令前缀和自减 1 ，得到下次放置 num 的索引</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-16-28" name="__codelineno-16-28" href="#__codelineno-16-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-16-29" name="__codelineno-16-29" href="#__codelineno-16-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 使用结果数组 res 覆盖原数组 nums</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-16-30" name="__codelineno-16-30" href="#__codelineno-16-30"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-16-31" name="__codelineno-16-31" href="#__codelineno-16-31"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">];</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-16-32" name="__codelineno-16-32" href="#__codelineno-16-32"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-16-33" name="__codelineno-16-33" href="#__codelineno-16-33"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">counting_sort.ts</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-17-1" name="__codelineno-17-1" href="#__codelineno-17-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 计数排序 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-17-2" name="__codelineno-17-2" href="#__codelineno-17-2"></a><span class="c1">// 完整实现，可排序对象，并且是稳定排序</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-17-3" name="__codelineno-17-3" href="#__codelineno-17-3"></a><span class="kd">function</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">countingSort</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="p">[])</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-17-4" name="__codelineno-17-4" href="#__codelineno-17-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 1. 统计数组最大元素 m</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-17-5" name="__codelineno-17-5" href="#__codelineno-17-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">m</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-17-6" name="__codelineno-17-6" href="#__codelineno-17-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">of</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-17-7" name="__codelineno-17-7" href="#__codelineno-17-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">m</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Math</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">max</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">m</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">num</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-17-8" name="__codelineno-17-8" href="#__codelineno-17-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-17-9" name="__codelineno-17-9" href="#__codelineno-17-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 2. 统计各数字的出现次数</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-17-10" name="__codelineno-17-10" href="#__codelineno-17-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// counter[num] 代表 num 的出现次数</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-17-11" name="__codelineno-17-11" href="#__codelineno-17-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">counter</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="p">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Array</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="o">></span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">m</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1</span><span class="p">).</span><span class="nx">fill</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-17-12" name="__codelineno-17-12" href="#__codelineno-17-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">of</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-17-13" name="__codelineno-17-13" href="#__codelineno-17-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">counter</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">num</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-17-14" name="__codelineno-17-14" href="#__codelineno-17-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-17-15" name="__codelineno-17-15" href="#__codelineno-17-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 3. 求 counter 的前缀和，将“出现次数”转换为“尾索引”</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-17-16" name="__codelineno-17-16" href="#__codelineno-17-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 即 counter[num]-1 是 num 在 res 中最后一次出现的索引</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-17-17" name="__codelineno-17-17" href="#__codelineno-17-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">m</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-17-18" name="__codelineno-17-18" href="#__codelineno-17-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">counter</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">counter</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">];</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-17-19" name="__codelineno-17-19" href="#__codelineno-17-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-17-20" name="__codelineno-17-20" href="#__codelineno-17-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 4. 倒序遍历 nums ，将各元素填入结果数组 res</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-17-21" name="__codelineno-17-21" href="#__codelineno-17-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 初始化数组 res 用于记录结果</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-17-22" name="__codelineno-17-22" href="#__codelineno-17-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">length</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-17-23" name="__codelineno-17-23" href="#__codelineno-17-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="p">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">Array</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="o">></span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-17-24" name="__codelineno-17-24" href="#__codelineno-17-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">>=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="o">--</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-17-25" name="__codelineno-17-25" href="#__codelineno-17-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">];</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-17-26" name="__codelineno-17-26" href="#__codelineno-17-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">counter</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">num</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">num</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 将 num 放置到对应索引处</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-17-27" name="__codelineno-17-27" href="#__codelineno-17-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">counter</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">num</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">--</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 令前缀和自减 1 ，得到下次放置 num 的索引</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-17-28" name="__codelineno-17-28" href="#__codelineno-17-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-17-29" name="__codelineno-17-29" href="#__codelineno-17-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 使用结果数组 res 覆盖原数组 nums</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-17-30" name="__codelineno-17-30" href="#__codelineno-17-30"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-17-31" name="__codelineno-17-31" href="#__codelineno-17-31"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">res</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">];</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-17-32" name="__codelineno-17-32" href="#__codelineno-17-32"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-17-33" name="__codelineno-17-33" href="#__codelineno-17-33"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">counting_sort.c</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-18-1" name="__codelineno-18-1" href="#__codelineno-18-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 计数排序 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-18-2" name="__codelineno-18-2" href="#__codelineno-18-2"></a><span class="c1">// 完整实现，可排序对象，并且是稳定排序</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-18-3" name="__codelineno-18-3" href="#__codelineno-18-3"></a><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">countingSort</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-18-4" name="__codelineno-18-4" href="#__codelineno-18-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 1. 统计数组最大元素 m</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-18-5" name="__codelineno-18-5" href="#__codelineno-18-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">m</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-18-6" name="__codelineno-18-6" href="#__codelineno-18-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-18-7" name="__codelineno-18-7" href="#__codelineno-18-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">m</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-18-8" name="__codelineno-18-8" href="#__codelineno-18-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">m</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">];</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-18-9" name="__codelineno-18-9" href="#__codelineno-18-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-18-10" name="__codelineno-18-10" href="#__codelineno-18-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-18-11" name="__codelineno-18-11" href="#__codelineno-18-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 2. 统计各数字的出现次数</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-18-12" name="__codelineno-18-12" href="#__codelineno-18-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// counter[num] 代表 num 的出现次数</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-18-13" name="__codelineno-18-13" href="#__codelineno-18-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">counter</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">malloc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">sizeof</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">m</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-18-14" name="__codelineno-18-14" href="#__codelineno-18-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-18-15" name="__codelineno-18-15" href="#__codelineno-18-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">counter</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]]</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-18-16" name="__codelineno-18-16" href="#__codelineno-18-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-18-17" name="__codelineno-18-17" href="#__codelineno-18-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 3. 求 counter 的前缀和，将“出现次数”转换为“尾索引”</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-18-18" name="__codelineno-18-18" href="#__codelineno-18-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 即 counter[num]-1 是 num 在 res 中最后一次出现的索引</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-18-19" name="__codelineno-18-19" href="#__codelineno-18-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">m</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-18-20" name="__codelineno-18-20" href="#__codelineno-18-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">counter</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">counter</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">];</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-18-21" name="__codelineno-18-21" href="#__codelineno-18-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-18-22" name="__codelineno-18-22" href="#__codelineno-18-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 4. 倒序遍历 nums ，将各元素填入结果数组 res</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-18-23" name="__codelineno-18-23" href="#__codelineno-18-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 初始化数组 res 用于记录结果</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-18-24" name="__codelineno-18-24" href="#__codelineno-18-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">malloc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">sizeof</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-18-25" name="__codelineno-18-25" href="#__codelineno-18-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">>=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">--</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-18-26" name="__codelineno-18-26" href="#__codelineno-18-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">];</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-18-27" name="__codelineno-18-27" href="#__codelineno-18-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">counter</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 将 num 放置到对应索引处</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-18-28" name="__codelineno-18-28" href="#__codelineno-18-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">counter</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">--</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 令前缀和自减 1 ，得到下次放置 num 的索引</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-18-29" name="__codelineno-18-29" href="#__codelineno-18-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-18-30" name="__codelineno-18-30" href="#__codelineno-18-30"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 使用结果数组 res 覆盖原数组 nums</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-18-31" name="__codelineno-18-31" href="#__codelineno-18-31"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">memcpy</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">sizeof</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">));</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-18-32" name="__codelineno-18-32" href="#__codelineno-18-32"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">counting_sort.cs</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-19-1" name="__codelineno-19-1" href="#__codelineno-19-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 计数排序 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-19-2" name="__codelineno-19-2" href="#__codelineno-19-2"></a><span class="c1">// 完整实现，可排序对象，并且是稳定排序</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-19-3" name="__codelineno-19-3" href="#__codelineno-19-3"></a><span class="k">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">countingSort</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-19-4" name="__codelineno-19-4" href="#__codelineno-19-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 1. 统计数组最大元素 m</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-19-5" name="__codelineno-19-5" href="#__codelineno-19-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">m</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-19-6" name="__codelineno-19-6" href="#__codelineno-19-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">foreach</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-19-7" name="__codelineno-19-7" href="#__codelineno-19-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">m</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Math</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Max</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">m</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-19-8" name="__codelineno-19-8" href="#__codelineno-19-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-19-9" name="__codelineno-19-9" href="#__codelineno-19-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 2. 统计各数字的出现次数</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-19-10" name="__codelineno-19-10" href="#__codelineno-19-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// counter[num] 代表 num 的出现次数</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-19-11" name="__codelineno-19-11" href="#__codelineno-19-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">counter</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">m</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1</span><span class="p">];</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-19-12" name="__codelineno-19-12" href="#__codelineno-19-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">foreach</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-19-13" name="__codelineno-19-13" href="#__codelineno-19-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">counter</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-19-14" name="__codelineno-19-14" href="#__codelineno-19-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-19-15" name="__codelineno-19-15" href="#__codelineno-19-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 3. 求 counter 的前缀和，将“出现次数”转换为“尾索引”</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-19-16" name="__codelineno-19-16" href="#__codelineno-19-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 即 counter[num]-1 是 num 在 res 中最后一次出现的索引</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-19-17" name="__codelineno-19-17" href="#__codelineno-19-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">m</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-19-18" name="__codelineno-19-18" href="#__codelineno-19-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">counter</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">counter</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">];</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-19-19" name="__codelineno-19-19" href="#__codelineno-19-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-19-20" name="__codelineno-19-20" href="#__codelineno-19-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 4. 倒序遍历 nums ，将各元素填入结果数组 res</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-19-21" name="__codelineno-19-21" href="#__codelineno-19-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 初始化数组 res 用于记录结果</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-19-22" name="__codelineno-19-22" href="#__codelineno-19-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Length</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-19-23" name="__codelineno-19-23" href="#__codelineno-19-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">];</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-19-24" name="__codelineno-19-24" href="#__codelineno-19-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">>=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">--</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-19-25" name="__codelineno-19-25" href="#__codelineno-19-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">];</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-19-26" name="__codelineno-19-26" href="#__codelineno-19-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">counter</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 将 num 放置到对应索引处</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-19-27" name="__codelineno-19-27" href="#__codelineno-19-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">counter</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">--</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 令前缀和自减 1 ，得到下次放置 num 的索引</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-19-28" name="__codelineno-19-28" href="#__codelineno-19-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-19-29" name="__codelineno-19-29" href="#__codelineno-19-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 使用结果数组 res 覆盖原数组 nums</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-19-30" name="__codelineno-19-30" href="#__codelineno-19-30"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-19-31" name="__codelineno-19-31" href="#__codelineno-19-31"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">];</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-19-32" name="__codelineno-19-32" href="#__codelineno-19-32"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-19-33" name="__codelineno-19-33" href="#__codelineno-19-33"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">counting_sort.swift</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-20-1" name="__codelineno-20-1" href="#__codelineno-20-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 计数排序 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-20-2" name="__codelineno-20-2" href="#__codelineno-20-2"></a><span class="c1">// 完整实现，可排序对象，并且是稳定排序</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-20-3" name="__codelineno-20-3" href="#__codelineno-20-3"></a><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nf">countingSort</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="kr">inout</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">Int</span><span class="p">])</span> <span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-20-4" name="__codelineno-20-4" href="#__codelineno-20-4"></a> <span class="c1">// 1. 统计数组最大元素 m</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-20-5" name="__codelineno-20-5" href="#__codelineno-20-5"></a> <span class="kd">let</span> <span class="nv">m</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="bp">max</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">!</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-20-6" name="__codelineno-20-6" href="#__codelineno-20-6"></a> <span class="c1">// 2. 统计各数字的出现次数</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-20-7" name="__codelineno-20-7" href="#__codelineno-20-7"></a> <span class="c1">// counter[num] 代表 num 的出现次数</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-20-8" name="__codelineno-20-8" href="#__codelineno-20-8"></a> <span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nv">counter</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="nb">Array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">repeating</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">count</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">m</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-20-9" name="__codelineno-20-9" href="#__codelineno-20-9"></a> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">num</span> <span class="k">in</span> <span class="n">nums</span> <span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-20-10" name="__codelineno-20-10" href="#__codelineno-20-10"></a> <span class="n">counter</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">+=</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-20-11" name="__codelineno-20-11" href="#__codelineno-20-11"></a> <span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-20-12" name="__codelineno-20-12" href="#__codelineno-20-12"></a> <span class="c1">// 3. 求 counter 的前缀和，将“出现次数”转换为“尾索引”</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-20-13" name="__codelineno-20-13" href="#__codelineno-20-13"></a> <span class="c1">// 即 counter[num]-1 是 num 在 res 中最后一次出现的索引</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-20-14" name="__codelineno-20-14" href="#__codelineno-20-14"></a> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="k">in</span> <span class="bp">stride</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">from</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">to</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">m</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">by</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-20-15" name="__codelineno-20-15" href="#__codelineno-20-15"></a> <span class="n">counter</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">+=</span> <span class="n">counter</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-20-16" name="__codelineno-20-16" href="#__codelineno-20-16"></a> <span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-20-17" name="__codelineno-20-17" href="#__codelineno-20-17"></a> <span class="c1">// 4. 倒序遍历 nums ，将各元素填入结果数组 res</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-20-18" name="__codelineno-20-18" href="#__codelineno-20-18"></a> <span class="c1">// 初始化数组 res 用于记录结果</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-20-19" name="__codelineno-20-19" href="#__codelineno-20-19"></a> <span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nv">res</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="nb">Array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">repeating</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">count</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="bp">count</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-20-20" name="__codelineno-20-20" href="#__codelineno-20-20"></a> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="k">in</span> <span class="bp">stride</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">from</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="bp">count</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">through</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">by</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-20-21" name="__codelineno-20-21" href="#__codelineno-20-21"></a> <span class="kd">let</span> <span class="nv">num</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-20-22" name="__codelineno-20-22" href="#__codelineno-20-22"></a> <span class="n">res</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">counter</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="n">num</span> <span class="c1">// 将 num 放置到对应索引处</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-20-23" name="__codelineno-20-23" href="#__codelineno-20-23"></a> <span class="n">counter</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">-=</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="c1">// 令前缀和自减 1 ，得到下次放置 num 的索引</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-20-24" name="__codelineno-20-24" href="#__codelineno-20-24"></a> <span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-20-25" name="__codelineno-20-25" href="#__codelineno-20-25"></a> <span class="c1">// 使用结果数组 res 覆盖原数组 nums</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-20-26" name="__codelineno-20-26" href="#__codelineno-20-26"></a> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="k">in</span> <span class="bp">stride</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">from</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">to</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="bp">count</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">by</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-20-27" name="__codelineno-20-27" href="#__codelineno-20-27"></a> <span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="n">res</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-20-28" name="__codelineno-20-28" href="#__codelineno-20-28"></a> <span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-20-29" name="__codelineno-20-29" href="#__codelineno-20-29"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">counting_sort.zig</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-21-1" name="__codelineno-21-1" href="#__codelineno-21-1"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">class</span><span class="p">]{}</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="p">]{</span><span class="n">countingSort</span><span class="p">}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">counting_sort.dart</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-22-1" name="__codelineno-22-1" href="#__codelineno-22-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 计数排序 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-22-2" name="__codelineno-22-2" href="#__codelineno-22-2"></a><span class="c1">// 完整实现，可排序对象，并且是稳定排序</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-22-3" name="__codelineno-22-3" href="#__codelineno-22-3"></a><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">countingSort</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-22-4" name="__codelineno-22-4" href="#__codelineno-22-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 1. 统计数组最大元素 m</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-22-5" name="__codelineno-22-5" href="#__codelineno-22-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">m</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-22-6" name="__codelineno-22-6" href="#__codelineno-22-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-22-7" name="__codelineno-22-7" href="#__codelineno-22-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">m</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">max</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">m</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">num</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-22-8" name="__codelineno-22-8" href="#__codelineno-22-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-22-9" name="__codelineno-22-9" href="#__codelineno-22-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 2. 统计各数字的出现次数</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-22-10" name="__codelineno-22-10" href="#__codelineno-22-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// counter[num] 代表 num 的出现次数</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-22-11" name="__codelineno-22-11" href="#__codelineno-22-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">counter</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">List</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">filled</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">m</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-22-12" name="__codelineno-22-12" href="#__codelineno-22-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-22-13" name="__codelineno-22-13" href="#__codelineno-22-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">counter</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="kt">num</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-22-14" name="__codelineno-22-14" href="#__codelineno-22-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-22-15" name="__codelineno-22-15" href="#__codelineno-22-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 3. 求 counter 的前缀和，将“出现次数”转换为“尾索引”</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-22-16" name="__codelineno-22-16" href="#__codelineno-22-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 即 counter[num]-1 是 num 在 res 中最后一次出现的索引</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-22-17" name="__codelineno-22-17" href="#__codelineno-22-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">m</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-22-18" name="__codelineno-22-18" href="#__codelineno-22-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">counter</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">counter</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">];</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-22-19" name="__codelineno-22-19" href="#__codelineno-22-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-22-20" name="__codelineno-22-20" href="#__codelineno-22-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 4. 倒序遍历 nums ，将各元素填入结果数组 res</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-22-21" name="__codelineno-22-21" href="#__codelineno-22-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 初始化数组 res 用于记录结果</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-22-22" name="__codelineno-22-22" href="#__codelineno-22-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">length</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-22-23" name="__codelineno-22-23" href="#__codelineno-22-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">List</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">filled</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-22-24" name="__codelineno-22-24" href="#__codelineno-22-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">>=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">--</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-22-25" name="__codelineno-22-25" href="#__codelineno-22-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">];</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-22-26" name="__codelineno-22-26" href="#__codelineno-22-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">counter</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="kt">num</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">num</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 将 num 放置到对应索引处</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-22-27" name="__codelineno-22-27" href="#__codelineno-22-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">counter</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="kt">num</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">--</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 令前缀和自减 1 ，得到下次放置 num 的索引</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-22-28" name="__codelineno-22-28" href="#__codelineno-22-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-22-29" name="__codelineno-22-29" href="#__codelineno-22-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 使用结果数组 res 覆盖原数组 nums</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-22-30" name="__codelineno-22-30" href="#__codelineno-22-30"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">setAll</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="m">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-22-31" name="__codelineno-22-31" href="#__codelineno-22-31"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">counting_sort.rs</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-23-1" name="__codelineno-23-1" href="#__codelineno-23-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 计数排序 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-23-2" name="__codelineno-23-2" href="#__codelineno-23-2"></a><span class="c1">// 完整实现，可排序对象，并且是稳定排序</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-23-3" name="__codelineno-23-3" href="#__codelineno-23-3"></a><span class="k">fn</span> <span class="nf">counting_sort</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span>: <span class="kp">&</span><span class="nc">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="p">])</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-23-4" name="__codelineno-23-4" href="#__codelineno-23-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 1. 统计数组最大元素 m</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-23-5" name="__codelineno-23-5" href="#__codelineno-23-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">m</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">into_iter</span><span class="p">().</span><span class="n">max</span><span class="p">().</span><span class="n">unwrap</span><span class="p">();</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-23-6" name="__codelineno-23-6" href="#__codelineno-23-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 2. 统计各数字的出现次数</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-23-7" name="__codelineno-23-7" href="#__codelineno-23-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// counter[num] 代表 num 的出现次数</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-23-8" name="__codelineno-23-8" href="#__codelineno-23-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">counter</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="fm">vec!</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">m</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">usize</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">];</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-23-9" name="__codelineno-23-9" href="#__codelineno-23-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&*</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-23-10" name="__codelineno-23-10" href="#__codelineno-23-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">counter</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">usize</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-23-11" name="__codelineno-23-11" href="#__codelineno-23-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-23-12" name="__codelineno-23-12" href="#__codelineno-23-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 3. 求 counter 的前缀和，将“出现次数”转换为“尾索引”</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-23-13" name="__codelineno-23-13" href="#__codelineno-23-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 即 counter[num]-1 是 num 在 res 中最后一次出现的索引</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-23-14" name="__codelineno-23-14" href="#__codelineno-23-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="o">..</span><span class="n">m</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">usize</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-23-15" name="__codelineno-23-15" href="#__codelineno-23-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">counter</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">counter</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">];</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-23-16" name="__codelineno-23-16" href="#__codelineno-23-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-23-17" name="__codelineno-23-17" href="#__codelineno-23-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 4. 倒序遍历 nums ，将各元素填入结果数组 res</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-23-18" name="__codelineno-23-18" href="#__codelineno-23-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 初始化数组 res 用于记录结果</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-23-19" name="__codelineno-23-19" href="#__codelineno-23-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">len</span><span class="p">();</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-23-20" name="__codelineno-23-20" href="#__codelineno-23-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="fm">vec!</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">];</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-23-21" name="__codelineno-23-21" href="#__codelineno-23-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="o">..</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">).</span><span class="n">rev</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-23-22" name="__codelineno-23-22" href="#__codelineno-23-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">];</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-23-23" name="__codelineno-23-23" href="#__codelineno-23-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">counter</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">usize</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 将 num 放置到对应索引处</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-23-24" name="__codelineno-23-24" href="#__codelineno-23-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">counter</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">usize</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 令前缀和自减 1 ，得到下次放置 num 的索引</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-23-25" name="__codelineno-23-25" href="#__codelineno-23-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-23-26" name="__codelineno-23-26" href="#__codelineno-23-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 使用结果数组 res 覆盖原数组 nums</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-23-27" name="__codelineno-23-27" href="#__codelineno-23-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="o">..</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-23-28" name="__codelineno-23-28" href="#__codelineno-23-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">];</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-23-29" name="__codelineno-23-29" href="#__codelineno-23-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-23-30" name="__codelineno-23-30" href="#__codelineno-23-30"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<h2 id="1193">11.9.3 算法特性<a class="headerlink" href="#1193" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
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<ul>
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<li><strong>时间复杂度 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(n + m)\)</span></strong> ：涉及遍历 <code>nums</code> 和遍历 <code>counter</code> ，都使用线性时间。一般情况下 <span class="arithmatex">\(n \gg m\)</span> ，时间复杂度趋于 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(n)\)</span> 。</li>
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<li><strong>空间复杂度 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(n + m)\)</span>、非原地排序</strong>：借助了长度分别为 <span class="arithmatex">\(n\)</span> 和 <span class="arithmatex">\(m\)</span> 的数组 <code>res</code> 和 <code>counter</code> 。</li>
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<li><strong>稳定排序</strong>：由于向 <code>res</code> 中填充元素的顺序是“从右向左”的，因此倒序遍历 <code>nums</code> 可以避免改变相等元素之间的相对位置，从而实现稳定排序。实际上，正序遍历 <code>nums</code> 也可以得到正确的排序结果，但结果是非稳定的。</li>
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</ul>
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<h2 id="1194">11.9.4 局限性<a class="headerlink" href="#1194" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
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<p>看到这里，你也许会觉得计数排序非常巧妙，仅通过统计数量就可以实现高效的排序工作。然而，使用计数排序的前置条件相对较为严格。</p>
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<p><strong>计数排序只适用于非负整数</strong>。若想要将其用于其他类型的数据，需要确保这些数据可以被转换为非负整数，并且在转换过程中不能改变各个元素之间的相对大小关系。例如，对于包含负数的整数数组，可以先给所有数字加上一个常数，将全部数字转化为正数，排序完成后再转换回去即可。</p>
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<p><strong>计数排序适用于数据量大但数据范围较小的情况</strong>。比如，在上述示例中 <span class="arithmatex">\(m\)</span> 不能太大，否则会占用过多空间。而当 <span class="arithmatex">\(n \ll m\)</span> 时，计数排序使用 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(m)\)</span> 时间，可能比 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(n \log n)\)</span> 的排序算法还要慢。</p>
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