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hello-algo/codes/cpp/chapter_hashing/hash_map_open_addressing.cpp

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/**
* File: hash_map_open_addressing.cpp
* Created Time: 2023-06-13
* Author: krahets (krahets@163.com)
*/
#include "./array_hash_map.cpp"
/* 开放寻址哈希表 */
class HashMapOpenAddressing {
private:
int size; // 键值对数量
int capacity = 4; // 哈希表容量
const double loadThres = 2.0 / 3.0; // 触发扩容的负载因子阈值
const int extendRatio = 2; // 扩容倍数
vector<Pair *> buckets; // 桶数组
Pair *TOMBSTONE = new Pair(-1, "-1"); // 删除标记
public:
/* 构造方法 */
HashMapOpenAddressing() : size(0), buckets(capacity, nullptr) {
}
/* 析构方法 */
~HashMapOpenAddressing() {
for (Pair *pair : buckets) {
if (pair != nullptr && pair != TOMBSTONE) {
delete pair;
}
}
delete TOMBSTONE;
}
/* 哈希函数 */
int hashFunc(int key) {
return key % capacity;
}
/* 负载因子 */
double loadFactor() {
return (double)size / capacity;
}
/* 搜索 key 对应的桶索引 */
int findBucket(int key) {
int index = hashFunc(key);
int firstTombstone = -1;
// 线性探测,当遇到空桶时跳出
while (buckets[index] != nullptr) {
// 若遇到 key ,返回对应的桶索引
if (buckets[index]->key == key) {
// 若之前遇到了删除标记,则将键值对移动至该索引处
if (firstTombstone != -1) {
buckets[firstTombstone] = buckets[index];
buckets[index] = TOMBSTONE;
return firstTombstone; // 返回移动后的桶索引
}
return index; // 返回桶索引
}
// 记录遇到的首个删除标记
if (firstTombstone == -1 && buckets[index] == TOMBSTONE) {
firstTombstone = index;
}
// 计算桶索引,越过尾部则返回头部
index = (index + 1) % capacity;
}
// 若 key 不存在,则返回添加点的索引
return firstTombstone == -1 ? index : firstTombstone;
}
/* 查询操作 */
string get(int key) {
// 搜索 key 对应的桶索引
int index = findBucket(key);
// 若找到键值对,则返回对应 val
if (buckets[index] != nullptr && buckets[index] != TOMBSTONE) {
return buckets[index]->val;
}
// 若键值对不存在,则返回空字符串
return "";
}
/* 添加操作 */
void put(int key, string val) {
// 当负载因子超过阈值时,执行扩容
if (loadFactor() > loadThres) {
extend();
}
// 搜索 key 对应的桶索引
int index = findBucket(key);
// 若找到键值对,则覆盖 val 并返回
if (buckets[index] != nullptr && buckets[index] != TOMBSTONE) {
buckets[index]->val = val;
return;
}
// 若键值对不存在,则添加该键值对
buckets[index] = new Pair(key, val);
size++;
}
/* 删除操作 */
void remove(int key) {
// 搜索 key 对应的桶索引
int index = findBucket(key);
// 若找到键值对,则用删除标记覆盖它
if (buckets[index] != nullptr && buckets[index] != TOMBSTONE) {
delete buckets[index];
buckets[index] = TOMBSTONE;
size--;
}
}
/* 扩容哈希表 */
void extend() {
// 暂存原哈希表
vector<Pair *> bucketsTmp = buckets;
// 初始化扩容后的新哈希表
capacity *= extendRatio;
buckets = vector<Pair *>(capacity, nullptr);
size = 0;
// 将键值对从原哈希表搬运至新哈希表
for (Pair *pair : bucketsTmp) {
if (pair != nullptr && pair != TOMBSTONE) {
put(pair->key, pair->val);
delete pair;
}
}
}
/* 打印哈希表 */
void print() {
for (Pair *pair : buckets) {
if (pair == nullptr) {
cout << "nullptr" << endl;
} else if (pair == TOMBSTONE) {
cout << "TOMBSTONE" << endl;
} else {
cout << pair->key << " -> " << pair->val << endl;
}
}
}
};
/* Driver Code */
int main() {
// 初始化哈希表
HashMapOpenAddressing hashmap;
// 添加操作
// 在哈希表中添加键值对 (key, val)
hashmap.put(12836, "小哈");
hashmap.put(15937, "小啰");
hashmap.put(16750, "小算");
hashmap.put(13276, "小法");
hashmap.put(10583, "小鸭");
cout << "\n添加完成后,哈希表为\nKey -> Value" << endl;
hashmap.print();
// 查询操作
// 向哈希表中输入键 key ,得到值 val
string name = hashmap.get(13276);
cout << "\n输入学号 13276 ,查询到姓名 " << name << endl;
// 删除操作
// 在哈希表中删除键值对 (key, val)
hashmap.remove(16750);
cout << "\n删除 16750 后,哈希表为\nKey -> Value" << endl;
hashmap.print();
return 0;
}