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第 2 章 复杂度分析
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2.1 算法效率评估
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2.2 迭代与递归
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2.3 时间复杂度
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2.4 空间复杂度
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第 3 章 数据结构
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第 3 章 数据结构
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3.1 数据结构分类
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3.2 基本数据类型
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3.3 数字编码 *
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3.4 字符编码 *
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3.5 小结
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第 4 章 数组与链表
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第 4 章 数组与链表
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4.1 数组
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4.2 链表
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4.3 列表
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4.4 内存与缓存 *
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<span class="md-status md-status--new" title="最近添加">
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4.5 小结
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</a>
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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第 5 章 栈与队列
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</a>
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第 5 章 栈与队列
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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5.1 栈
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</span>
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</a>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_stack_and_queue/queue/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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5.2 队列
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<a href="../../chapter_stack_and_queue/deque/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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5.3 双向队列
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5.4 小结
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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第 6 章 哈希表
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</a>
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第 6 章 哈希表
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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6.1 哈希表
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<a href="../hash_collision/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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6.2 哈希冲突
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6.3 哈希算法
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<a href="./" class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--active">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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6.3 哈希算法
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</span>
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</a>
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<nav class="md-nav md-nav--secondary" aria-label="目录">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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6.3.1 哈希算法的目标
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</a>
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<a href="#632" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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6.3.2 哈希算法的设计
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</span>
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</a>
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<a href="#633" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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6.3.3 常见哈希算法
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<a href="#634" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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6.3.4 数据结构的哈希值
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</a>
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6.4 小结
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</a>
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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第 7 章 树
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</span>
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</a>
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</div>
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_8_label" aria-expanded="false">
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_8">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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第 7 章 树
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_tree/binary_tree/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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7.1 二叉树
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</span>
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<a href="../../chapter_tree/binary_tree_traversal/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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7.2 二叉树遍历
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_tree/array_representation_of_tree/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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7.3 二叉树数组表示
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_tree/binary_search_tree/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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7.4 二叉搜索树
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_tree/avl_tree/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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7.5 AVL 树 *
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<a href="../../chapter_tree/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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7.6 小结
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</span>
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</a>
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</nav>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_9" >
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<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
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<a href="../../chapter_heap/" class="md-nav__link ">
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<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 1a2.5 2.5 0 0 0-2.5 2.5A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 11 5.79V7H7a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v.71A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 3.5 12 2.5 2.5 0 0 0 5 14.29V15H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v1.21A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 .5 20.5 2.5 2.5 0 0 0 3 23a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 2.5-2.5A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 4 18.21V17h4v1.21a2.5 2.5 0 0 0-1.5 2.29A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 9 23a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 2.5-2.5 2.5 2.5 0 0 0-1.5-2.29V17a2 2 0 0 0-2-2H7v-.71A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 8.5 12 2.5 2.5 0 0 0 7 9.71V9h10v.71A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 15.5 12a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 1.5 2.29V15h-1a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v1.21a2.5 2.5 0 0 0-1.5 2.29A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 15 23a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 2.5-2.5 2.5 2.5 0 0 0-1.5-2.29V17h4v1.21a2.5 2.5 0 0 0-1.5 2.29A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 21 23a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 2.5-2.5 2.5 2.5 0 0 0-1.5-2.29V17a2 2 0 0 0-2-2h-1v-.71A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 20.5 12 2.5 2.5 0 0 0 19 9.71V9a2 2 0 0 0-2-2h-4V5.79a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 1.5-2.29A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 12 1m0 1.5a1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1-1 1 1 0 0 1 1-1M6 11a1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1-1 1 1 0 0 1 1-1m12 0a1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1-1 1 1 0 0 1 1-1M3 19.5a1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1-1 1 1 0 0 1 1-1m6 0a1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1-1 1 1 0 0 1 1-1m6 0a1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1-1 1 1 0 0 1 1-1m6 0a1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1-1 1 1 0 0 1 1-1Z"/></svg>
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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第 8 章 堆
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</span>
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</a>
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<label class="md-nav__link " for="__nav_9" id="__nav_9_label" tabindex="0">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</div>
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_9_label" aria-expanded="false">
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_9">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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第 8 章 堆
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<a href="../../chapter_heap/heap/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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8.1 堆
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</span>
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</a>
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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8.2 建堆操作
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<a href="../../chapter_heap/top_k/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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8.3 Top-k 问题
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<a href="../../chapter_heap/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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8.4 小结
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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</nav>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_10" >
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<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
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<a href="../../chapter_graph/" class="md-nav__link ">
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<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="m12 5.37-.44-.06L6 14.9c.24.21.4.48.47.78h11.06c.07-.3.23-.57.47-.78l-5.56-9.59-.44.06M6.6 16.53l4.28 2.53c.29-.27.69-.43 1.12-.43.43 0 .83.16 1.12.43l4.28-2.53H6.6M12 22a1.68 1.68 0 0 1-1.68-1.68l.09-.56-4.3-2.55c-.31.36-.76.58-1.27.58a1.68 1.68 0 0 1-1.68-1.68c0-.79.53-1.45 1.26-1.64V9.36c-.83-.11-1.47-.82-1.47-1.68A1.68 1.68 0 0 1 4.63 6c.55 0 1.03.26 1.34.66l4.41-2.53-.06-.45c0-.93.75-1.68 1.68-1.68.93 0 1.68.75 1.68 1.68l-.06.45 4.41 2.53c.31-.4.79-.66 1.34-.66a1.68 1.68 0 0 1 1.68 1.68c0 .86-.64 1.57-1.47 1.68v5.11c.73.19 1.26.85 1.26 1.64a1.68 1.68 0 0 1-1.68 1.68c-.51 0-.96-.22-1.27-.58l-4.3 2.55.09.56A1.68 1.68 0 0 1 12 22M10.8 4.86 6.3 7.44l.02.24c0 .71-.44 1.32-1.06 1.57l.03 5.25 5.51-9.64m2.4 0 5.51 9.64.03-5.25c-.62-.25-1.06-.86-1.06-1.57l.02-.24-4.5-2.58Z"/></svg>
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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第 9 章 图
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</span>
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</a>
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<label class="md-nav__link " for="__nav_10" id="__nav_10_label" tabindex="0">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</label>
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</div>
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_10_label" aria-expanded="false">
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_10">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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第 9 章 图
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_graph/graph/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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9.1 图
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_graph/graph_operations/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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9.2 图基础操作
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_graph/graph_traversal/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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9.3 图的遍历
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</span>
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</a>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_graph/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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9.4 小结
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</nav>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_11" >
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<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
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<a href="../../chapter_searching/" class="md-nav__link ">
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<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="m19.31 18.9 3.08 3.1L21 23.39l-3.12-3.07c-.69.43-1.51.68-2.38.68-2.5 0-4.5-2-4.5-4.5s2-4.5 4.5-4.5 4.5 2 4.5 4.5c0 .88-.25 1.71-.69 2.4m-3.81.1a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 0-5 2.5 2.5 0 0 0 0 5M21 4v2H3V4h18M3 16v-2h6v2H3m0-5V9h18v2h-2.03c-1.01-.63-2.2-1-3.47-1s-2.46.37-3.47 1H3Z"/></svg>
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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第 10 章 搜索
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</span>
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</a>
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<label class="md-nav__link " for="__nav_11" id="__nav_11_label" tabindex="0">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</label>
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</div>
|
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_11_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
|
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_11">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
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第 10 章 搜索
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_searching/binary_search/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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10.1 二分查找
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_searching/binary_search_insertion/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
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|
10.2 二分查找插入点
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_searching/binary_search_edge/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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|
10.3 二分查找边界
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_searching/replace_linear_by_hashing/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
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|
10.4 哈希优化策略
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_searching/searching_algorithm_revisited/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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|
|
10.5 重识搜索算法
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_searching/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
|
10.6 小结
|
|
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</nav>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_12" >
|
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|
<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
|
|
|
<a href="../../chapter_sorting/" class="md-nav__link ">
|
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|
|
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19 17h3l-4 4-4-4h3V3h2M2 17h10v2H2M6 5v2H2V5m0 6h7v2H2v-2Z"/></svg>
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
|
第 11 章 排序
|
|
|
</span>
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</a>
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<label class="md-nav__link " for="__nav_12" id="__nav_12_label" tabindex="0">
|
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|
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</label>
|
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</div>
|
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|
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_12_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
|
|
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_12">
|
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|
|
第 11 章 排序
|
|
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</label>
|
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_sorting/sorting_algorithm/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
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11.1 排序算法
|
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_sorting/selection_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
|
11.2 选择排序
|
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_sorting/bubble_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
|
11.3 冒泡排序
|
|
|
</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_sorting/insertion_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
|
11.4 插入排序
|
|
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_sorting/quick_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
|
11.5 快速排序
|
|
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_sorting/merge_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
|
11.6 归并排序
|
|
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_sorting/heap_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
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11.7 堆排序
|
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_sorting/bucket_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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11.8 桶排序
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</span>
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</a>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_sorting/counting_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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11.9 计数排序
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</span>
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</a>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_sorting/radix_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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11.10 基数排序
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</span>
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</a>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_sorting/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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11.11 小结
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</nav>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_13" >
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<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
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<a href="../../chapter_divide_and_conquer/" class="md-nav__link ">
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<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M17 7v2h5V7h-5M2 9v6h5V9H2m10 0v2H9v2h3v2l3-3-3-3m5 2v2h5v-2h-5m0 4v2h5v-2h-5Z"/></svg>
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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第 12 章 分治
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</span>
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</a>
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<label class="md-nav__link " for="__nav_13" id="__nav_13_label" tabindex="0">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</label>
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</div>
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_13_label" aria-expanded="false">
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_13">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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第 12 章 分治
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_divide_and_conquer/divide_and_conquer/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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12.1 分治算法
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</span>
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</a>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_divide_and_conquer/binary_search_recur/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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12.2 分治搜索策略
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_divide_and_conquer/build_binary_tree_problem/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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12.3 构建树问题
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_divide_and_conquer/hanota_problem/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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12.4 汉诺塔问题
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_divide_and_conquer/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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12.5 小结
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</nav>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_14" >
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<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
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<a href="../../chapter_backtracking/" class="md-nav__link ">
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<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M18 15a3 3 0 0 1 3 3 3 3 0 0 1-3 3 2.99 2.99 0 0 1-2.83-2H14v-2h1.17c.41-1.17 1.52-2 2.83-2m0 2a1 1 0 0 0-1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1-1 1 1 0 0 0-1-1m0-9a1.43 1.43 0 0 0 1.43-1.43 1.43 1.43 0 1 0-2.86 0A1.43 1.43 0 0 0 18 8m0-5.43a4 4 0 0 1 4 4C22 9.56 18 14 18 14s-4-4.44-4-7.43a4 4 0 0 1 4-4M8.83 17H10v2H8.83A2.99 2.99 0 0 1 6 21a3 3 0 0 1-3-3c0-1.31.83-2.42 2-2.83V14h2v1.17c.85.3 1.53.98 1.83 1.83M6 17a1 1 0 0 0-1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1-1 1 1 0 0 0-1-1M6 3a3 3 0 0 1 3 3c0 1.31-.83 2.42-2 2.83V10H5V8.83A2.99 2.99 0 0 1 3 6a3 3 0 0 1 3-3m0 2a1 1 0 0 0-1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1-1 1 1 0 0 0-1-1m5 14v-2h2v2h-2m-4-6H5v-2h2v2Z"/></svg>
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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第 13 章 回溯
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</span>
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</a>
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<label class="md-nav__link " for="__nav_14" id="__nav_14_label" tabindex="0">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</label>
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</div>
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_14_label" aria-expanded="false">
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_14">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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第 13 章 回溯
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_backtracking/backtracking_algorithm/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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13.1 回溯算法
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_backtracking/permutations_problem/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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13.2 全排列问题
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_backtracking/subset_sum_problem/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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13.3 子集和问题
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_backtracking/n_queens_problem/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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13.4 N 皇后问题
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_backtracking/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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13.5 小结
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</nav>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_15" >
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<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
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<a href="../../chapter_dynamic_programming/" class="md-nav__link ">
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<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M22 15h-2v3c0 1.11-.89 2-2 2h-3v2l-3-3 3-3v2h3v-3h-2l3-3 3 3m0-11v4c0 1.1-.9 2-2 2H10v10c0 1.1-.9 2-2 2H4c-1.1 0-2-.9-2-2V4c0-1.1.9-2 2-2h16c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2M4 8h4V4H4v4m0 2v4h4v-4H4m4 10v-4H4v4h4m6-12V4h-4v4h4m6-4h-4v4h4V4Z"/></svg>
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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第 14 章 动态规划
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</span>
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</a>
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<label class="md-nav__link " for="__nav_15" id="__nav_15_label" tabindex="0">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</label>
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</div>
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_15_label" aria-expanded="false">
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_15">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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第 14 章 动态规划
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_dynamic_programming/intro_to_dynamic_programming/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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14.1 初探动态规划
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_dynamic_programming/dp_problem_features/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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14.2 DP 问题特性
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_dynamic_programming/dp_solution_pipeline/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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14.3 DP 解题思路
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</span>
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第 15 章 贪心
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15.1 贪心算法
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15.2 分数背包问题
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第 16 章 附录
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6.3.1 哈希算法的目标
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<h1 id="63">6.3 哈希算法<a class="headerlink" href="#63" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h1>
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<p>前两节介绍了哈希表的工作原理和哈希冲突的处理方法。然而无论是开放寻址还是链式地址，<strong>它们只能保证哈希表可以在发生冲突时正常工作，而无法减少哈希冲突的发生</strong>。</p>
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<p>如果哈希冲突过于频繁，哈希表的性能则会急剧劣化。如图 6-8 所示，对于链式地址哈希表，理想情况下键值对均匀分布在各个桶中，达到最佳查询效率；最差情况下所有键值对都存储到同一个桶中，时间复杂度退化至 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(n)\)</span> 。</p>
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<p><a class="glightbox" href="../hash_algorithm.assets/hash_collision_best_worst_condition.png" data-type="image" data-width="100%" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="哈希冲突的最佳情况与最差情况" class="animation-figure" src="../hash_algorithm.assets/hash_collision_best_worst_condition.png" /></a></p>
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<p align="center"> 图 6-8 哈希冲突的最佳情况与最差情况 </p>
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<p><strong>键值对的分布情况由哈希函数决定</strong>。回忆哈希函数的计算步骤，先计算哈希值，再对数组长度取模：</p>
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<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-0-1" name="__codelineno-0-1" href="#__codelineno-0-1"></a><span class="nv">index</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span>hash<span class="o">(</span>key<span class="o">)</span><span class="w"> </span>%<span class="w"> </span>capacity
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</code></pre></div>
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<p>观察以上公式，当哈希表容量 <code>capacity</code> 固定时，<strong>哈希算法 <code>hash()</code> 决定了输出值</strong>，进而决定了键值对在哈希表中的分布情况。</p>
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<p>这意味着，为了降低哈希冲突的发生概率，我们应当将注意力集中在哈希算法 <code>hash()</code> 的设计上。</p>
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<h2 id="631">6.3.1 哈希算法的目标<a class="headerlink" href="#631" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
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<p>为了实现“既快又稳”的哈希表数据结构，哈希算法应具备以下特点。</p>
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<ul>
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<li><strong>确定性</strong>：对于相同的输入，哈希算法应始终产生相同的输出。这样才能确保哈希表是可靠的。</li>
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<li><strong>效率高</strong>：计算哈希值的过程应该足够快。计算开销越小，哈希表的实用性越高。</li>
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<li><strong>均匀分布</strong>：哈希算法应使得键值对均匀分布在哈希表中。分布越均匀，哈希冲突的概率就越低。</li>
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</ul>
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<p>实际上，哈希算法除了可以用于实现哈希表，还广泛应用于其他领域中。</p>
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<ul>
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<li><strong>密码存储</strong>：为了保护用户密码的安全，系统通常不会直接存储用户的明文密码，而是存储密码的哈希值。当用户输入密码时，系统会对输入的密码计算哈希值，然后与存储的哈希值进行比较。如果两者匹配，那么密码就被视为正确。</li>
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<li><strong>数据完整性检查</strong>：数据发送方可以计算数据的哈希值并将其一同发送；接收方可以重新计算接收到的数据的哈希值，并与接收到的哈希值进行比较。如果两者匹配，那么数据就被视为完整。</li>
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</ul>
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<p>对于密码学的相关应用，为了防止从哈希值推导出原始密码等逆向工程，哈希算法需要具备更高等级的安全特性。</p>
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<ul>
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<li><strong>单向性</strong>：无法通过哈希值反推出关于输入数据的任何信息。</li>
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<li><strong>抗碰撞性</strong>：应当极难找到两个不同的输入，使得它们的哈希值相同。</li>
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<li><strong>雪崩效应</strong>：输入的微小变化应当导致输出的显著且不可预测的变化。</li>
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</ul>
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<p>请注意，<strong>“均匀分布”与“抗碰撞性”是两个独立的概念</strong>，满足均匀分布不一定满足抗碰撞性。例如，在随机输入 <code>key</code> 下，哈希函数 <code>key % 100</code> 可以产生均匀分布的输出。然而该哈希算法过于简单，所有后两位相等的 <code>key</code> 的输出都相同，因此我们可以很容易地从哈希值反推出可用的 <code>key</code> ，从而破解密码。</p>
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<h2 id="632">6.3.2 哈希算法的设计<a class="headerlink" href="#632" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
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<p>哈希算法的设计是一个需要考虑许多因素的复杂问题。然而对于某些要求不高的场景，我们也能设计一些简单的哈希算法。</p>
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<ul>
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<li><strong>加法哈希</strong>：对输入的每个字符的 ASCII 码进行相加，将得到的总和作为哈希值。</li>
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<li><strong>乘法哈希</strong>：利用乘法的不相关性，每轮乘以一个常数，将各个字符的 ASCII 码累积到哈希值中。</li>
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<li><strong>异或哈希</strong>：将输入数据的每个元素通过异或操作累积到一个哈希值中。</li>
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<li><strong>旋转哈希</strong>：将每个字符的 ASCII 码累积到一个哈希值中，每次累积之前都会对哈希值进行旋转操作。</li>
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</ul>
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<div class="tabbed-content">
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">simple_hash.py</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-1-1" name="__codelineno-1-1" href="#__codelineno-1-1"></a><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">add_hash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-></span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">:</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-2" name="__codelineno-1-2" href="#__codelineno-1-2"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">"""加法哈希"""</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-3" name="__codelineno-1-3" href="#__codelineno-1-3"></a> <span class="nb">hash</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-4" name="__codelineno-1-4" href="#__codelineno-1-4"></a> <span class="n">modulus</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1000000007</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-5" name="__codelineno-1-5" href="#__codelineno-1-5"></a> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">c</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">key</span><span class="p">:</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-6" name="__codelineno-1-6" href="#__codelineno-1-6"></a> <span class="nb">hash</span> <span class="o">+=</span> <span class="nb">ord</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">c</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-7" name="__codelineno-1-7" href="#__codelineno-1-7"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="nb">hash</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="n">modulus</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-8" name="__codelineno-1-8" href="#__codelineno-1-8"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-9" name="__codelineno-1-9" href="#__codelineno-1-9"></a><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">mul_hash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-></span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">:</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-10" name="__codelineno-1-10" href="#__codelineno-1-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">"""乘法哈希"""</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-11" name="__codelineno-1-11" href="#__codelineno-1-11"></a> <span class="nb">hash</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-12" name="__codelineno-1-12" href="#__codelineno-1-12"></a> <span class="n">modulus</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1000000007</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-13" name="__codelineno-1-13" href="#__codelineno-1-13"></a> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">c</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">key</span><span class="p">:</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-14" name="__codelineno-1-14" href="#__codelineno-1-14"></a> <span class="nb">hash</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">31</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="nb">hash</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="nb">ord</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">c</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-15" name="__codelineno-1-15" href="#__codelineno-1-15"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="nb">hash</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="n">modulus</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-16" name="__codelineno-1-16" href="#__codelineno-1-16"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-17" name="__codelineno-1-17" href="#__codelineno-1-17"></a><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">xor_hash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-></span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">:</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-18" name="__codelineno-1-18" href="#__codelineno-1-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">"""异或哈希"""</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-19" name="__codelineno-1-19" href="#__codelineno-1-19"></a> <span class="nb">hash</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-20" name="__codelineno-1-20" href="#__codelineno-1-20"></a> <span class="n">modulus</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1000000007</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-21" name="__codelineno-1-21" href="#__codelineno-1-21"></a> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">c</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">key</span><span class="p">:</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-22" name="__codelineno-1-22" href="#__codelineno-1-22"></a> <span class="nb">hash</span> <span class="o">^=</span> <span class="nb">ord</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">c</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-23" name="__codelineno-1-23" href="#__codelineno-1-23"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="nb">hash</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="n">modulus</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-24" name="__codelineno-1-24" href="#__codelineno-1-24"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-25" name="__codelineno-1-25" href="#__codelineno-1-25"></a><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">rot_hash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-></span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">:</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-26" name="__codelineno-1-26" href="#__codelineno-1-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">"""旋转哈希"""</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-27" name="__codelineno-1-27" href="#__codelineno-1-27"></a> <span class="nb">hash</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-28" name="__codelineno-1-28" href="#__codelineno-1-28"></a> <span class="n">modulus</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1000000007</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-29" name="__codelineno-1-29" href="#__codelineno-1-29"></a> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">c</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">key</span><span class="p">:</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-30" name="__codelineno-1-30" href="#__codelineno-1-30"></a> <span class="nb">hash</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">hash</span> <span class="o"><<</span> <span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">^</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">hash</span> <span class="o">>></span> <span class="mi">28</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">^</span> <span class="nb">ord</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">c</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-31" name="__codelineno-1-31" href="#__codelineno-1-31"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="nb">hash</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="n">modulus</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">simple_hash.cpp</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-2-1" name="__codelineno-2-1" href="#__codelineno-2-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 加法哈希 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-2" name="__codelineno-2-2" href="#__codelineno-2-2"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">addHash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">string</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-3" name="__codelineno-2-3" href="#__codelineno-2-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">long</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">long</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-4" name="__codelineno-2-4" href="#__codelineno-2-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MODULUS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1000000007</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-5" name="__codelineno-2-5" href="#__codelineno-2-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">unsigned</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">char</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-6" name="__codelineno-2-6" href="#__codelineno-2-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="n">c</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MODULUS</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-7" name="__codelineno-2-7" href="#__codelineno-2-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-8" name="__codelineno-2-8" href="#__codelineno-2-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-9" name="__codelineno-2-9" href="#__codelineno-2-9"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-10" name="__codelineno-2-10" href="#__codelineno-2-10"></a>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-2-11" name="__codelineno-2-11" href="#__codelineno-2-11"></a><span class="cm">/* 乘法哈希 */</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-2-12" name="__codelineno-2-12" href="#__codelineno-2-12"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">mulHash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">string</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-2-13" name="__codelineno-2-13" href="#__codelineno-2-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">long</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">long</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-2-14" name="__codelineno-2-14" href="#__codelineno-2-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MODULUS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1000000007</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-2-15" name="__codelineno-2-15" href="#__codelineno-2-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">unsigned</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">char</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-2-16" name="__codelineno-2-16" href="#__codelineno-2-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">31</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="n">c</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MODULUS</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-2-17" name="__codelineno-2-17" href="#__codelineno-2-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-2-18" name="__codelineno-2-18" href="#__codelineno-2-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-2-19" name="__codelineno-2-19" href="#__codelineno-2-19"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-2-20" name="__codelineno-2-20" href="#__codelineno-2-20"></a>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-2-21" name="__codelineno-2-21" href="#__codelineno-2-21"></a><span class="cm">/* 异或哈希 */</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-2-22" name="__codelineno-2-22" href="#__codelineno-2-22"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">xorHash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">string</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
|
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<a id="__codelineno-2-23" name="__codelineno-2-23" href="#__codelineno-2-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-2-24" name="__codelineno-2-24" href="#__codelineno-2-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MODULUS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1000000007</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-2-25" name="__codelineno-2-25" href="#__codelineno-2-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">unsigned</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">char</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
|
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<a id="__codelineno-2-26" name="__codelineno-2-26" href="#__codelineno-2-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">^=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="n">c</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
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<a id="__codelineno-2-27" name="__codelineno-2-27" href="#__codelineno-2-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-2-28" name="__codelineno-2-28" href="#__codelineno-2-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MODULUS</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
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|
<a id="__codelineno-2-29" name="__codelineno-2-29" href="#__codelineno-2-29"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-2-30" name="__codelineno-2-30" href="#__codelineno-2-30"></a>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-2-31" name="__codelineno-2-31" href="#__codelineno-2-31"></a><span class="cm">/* 旋转哈希 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-32" name="__codelineno-2-32" href="#__codelineno-2-32"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">rotHash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">string</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-2-33" name="__codelineno-2-33" href="#__codelineno-2-33"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">long</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">long</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-2-34" name="__codelineno-2-34" href="#__codelineno-2-34"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MODULUS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1000000007</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-2-35" name="__codelineno-2-35" href="#__codelineno-2-35"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">unsigned</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">char</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-2-36" name="__codelineno-2-36" href="#__codelineno-2-36"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">((</span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><<</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">^</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">>></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">28</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">^</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="n">c</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MODULUS</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-2-37" name="__codelineno-2-37" href="#__codelineno-2-37"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-2-38" name="__codelineno-2-38" href="#__codelineno-2-38"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-2-39" name="__codelineno-2-39" href="#__codelineno-2-39"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
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|
</div>
|
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">simple_hash.java</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-3-1" name="__codelineno-3-1" href="#__codelineno-3-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 加法哈希 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-2" name="__codelineno-3-2" href="#__codelineno-3-2"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">addHash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">String</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-3-3" name="__codelineno-3-3" href="#__codelineno-3-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">long</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
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<a id="__codelineno-3-4" name="__codelineno-3-4" href="#__codelineno-3-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">final</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MODULUS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1000000007</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-3-5" name="__codelineno-3-5" href="#__codelineno-3-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">char</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">toCharArray</span><span class="p">())</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
|
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<a id="__codelineno-3-6" name="__codelineno-3-6" href="#__codelineno-3-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MODULUS</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-3-7" name="__codelineno-3-7" href="#__codelineno-3-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-3-8" name="__codelineno-3-8" href="#__codelineno-3-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-3-9" name="__codelineno-3-9" href="#__codelineno-3-9"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-3-10" name="__codelineno-3-10" href="#__codelineno-3-10"></a>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-3-11" name="__codelineno-3-11" href="#__codelineno-3-11"></a><span class="cm">/* 乘法哈希 */</span>
|
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|
<a id="__codelineno-3-12" name="__codelineno-3-12" href="#__codelineno-3-12"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">mulHash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">String</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-3-13" name="__codelineno-3-13" href="#__codelineno-3-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">long</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-3-14" name="__codelineno-3-14" href="#__codelineno-3-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">final</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MODULUS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1000000007</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-3-15" name="__codelineno-3-15" href="#__codelineno-3-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">char</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">toCharArray</span><span class="p">())</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-3-16" name="__codelineno-3-16" href="#__codelineno-3-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">31</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MODULUS</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-3-17" name="__codelineno-3-17" href="#__codelineno-3-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-3-18" name="__codelineno-3-18" href="#__codelineno-3-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-3-19" name="__codelineno-3-19" href="#__codelineno-3-19"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-3-20" name="__codelineno-3-20" href="#__codelineno-3-20"></a>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-3-21" name="__codelineno-3-21" href="#__codelineno-3-21"></a><span class="cm">/* 异或哈希 */</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-3-22" name="__codelineno-3-22" href="#__codelineno-3-22"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">xorHash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">String</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-3-23" name="__codelineno-3-23" href="#__codelineno-3-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-3-24" name="__codelineno-3-24" href="#__codelineno-3-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">final</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MODULUS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1000000007</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-3-25" name="__codelineno-3-25" href="#__codelineno-3-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">char</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">toCharArray</span><span class="p">())</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-3-26" name="__codelineno-3-26" href="#__codelineno-3-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">^=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-3-27" name="__codelineno-3-27" href="#__codelineno-3-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-3-28" name="__codelineno-3-28" href="#__codelineno-3-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MODULUS</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-3-29" name="__codelineno-3-29" href="#__codelineno-3-29"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-3-30" name="__codelineno-3-30" href="#__codelineno-3-30"></a>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-3-31" name="__codelineno-3-31" href="#__codelineno-3-31"></a><span class="cm">/* 旋转哈希 */</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-3-32" name="__codelineno-3-32" href="#__codelineno-3-32"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">rotHash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">String</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-3-33" name="__codelineno-3-33" href="#__codelineno-3-33"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">long</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-3-34" name="__codelineno-3-34" href="#__codelineno-3-34"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">final</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MODULUS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1000000007</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-3-35" name="__codelineno-3-35" href="#__codelineno-3-35"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">char</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">toCharArray</span><span class="p">())</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
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|
<a id="__codelineno-3-36" name="__codelineno-3-36" href="#__codelineno-3-36"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">((</span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><<</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">^</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">>></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">28</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">^</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MODULUS</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-37" name="__codelineno-3-37" href="#__codelineno-3-37"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-38" name="__codelineno-3-38" href="#__codelineno-3-38"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-3-39" name="__codelineno-3-39" href="#__codelineno-3-39"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">simple_hash.cs</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-4-1" name="__codelineno-4-1" href="#__codelineno-4-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 加法哈希 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-2" name="__codelineno-4-2" href="#__codelineno-4-2"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">AddHash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">string</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-3" name="__codelineno-4-3" href="#__codelineno-4-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">long</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-4" name="__codelineno-4-4" href="#__codelineno-4-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MODULUS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1000000007</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-5" name="__codelineno-4-5" href="#__codelineno-4-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">foreach</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">char</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-6" name="__codelineno-4-6" href="#__codelineno-4-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MODULUS</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-7" name="__codelineno-4-7" href="#__codelineno-4-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-8" name="__codelineno-4-8" href="#__codelineno-4-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-9" name="__codelineno-4-9" href="#__codelineno-4-9"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-10" name="__codelineno-4-10" href="#__codelineno-4-10"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-11" name="__codelineno-4-11" href="#__codelineno-4-11"></a><span class="cm">/* 乘法哈希 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-12" name="__codelineno-4-12" href="#__codelineno-4-12"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">MulHash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">string</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-13" name="__codelineno-4-13" href="#__codelineno-4-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">long</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-14" name="__codelineno-4-14" href="#__codelineno-4-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MODULUS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1000000007</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-15" name="__codelineno-4-15" href="#__codelineno-4-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">foreach</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">char</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-16" name="__codelineno-4-16" href="#__codelineno-4-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="m">31</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MODULUS</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-17" name="__codelineno-4-17" href="#__codelineno-4-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-18" name="__codelineno-4-18" href="#__codelineno-4-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-19" name="__codelineno-4-19" href="#__codelineno-4-19"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-20" name="__codelineno-4-20" href="#__codelineno-4-20"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-21" name="__codelineno-4-21" href="#__codelineno-4-21"></a><span class="cm">/* 异或哈希 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-22" name="__codelineno-4-22" href="#__codelineno-4-22"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">XorHash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">string</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-23" name="__codelineno-4-23" href="#__codelineno-4-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-24" name="__codelineno-4-24" href="#__codelineno-4-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MODULUS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1000000007</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-25" name="__codelineno-4-25" href="#__codelineno-4-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">foreach</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">char</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-26" name="__codelineno-4-26" href="#__codelineno-4-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">^=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-27" name="__codelineno-4-27" href="#__codelineno-4-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-28" name="__codelineno-4-28" href="#__codelineno-4-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MODULUS</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-29" name="__codelineno-4-29" href="#__codelineno-4-29"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-30" name="__codelineno-4-30" href="#__codelineno-4-30"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-31" name="__codelineno-4-31" href="#__codelineno-4-31"></a><span class="cm">/* 旋转哈希 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-32" name="__codelineno-4-32" href="#__codelineno-4-32"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">RotHash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">string</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-33" name="__codelineno-4-33" href="#__codelineno-4-33"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">long</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-34" name="__codelineno-4-34" href="#__codelineno-4-34"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MODULUS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1000000007</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-35" name="__codelineno-4-35" href="#__codelineno-4-35"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">foreach</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">char</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-36" name="__codelineno-4-36" href="#__codelineno-4-36"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">((</span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><<</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">4</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">^</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">>></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">28</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">^</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MODULUS</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-37" name="__codelineno-4-37" href="#__codelineno-4-37"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-38" name="__codelineno-4-38" href="#__codelineno-4-38"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-39" name="__codelineno-4-39" href="#__codelineno-4-39"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">simple_hash.go</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-5-1" name="__codelineno-5-1" href="#__codelineno-5-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 加法哈希 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-2" name="__codelineno-5-2" href="#__codelineno-5-2"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">addHash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">key</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-3" name="__codelineno-5-3" href="#__codelineno-5-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int64</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-4" name="__codelineno-5-4" href="#__codelineno-5-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">modulus</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int64</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-5" name="__codelineno-5-5" href="#__codelineno-5-5"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-6" name="__codelineno-5-6" href="#__codelineno-5-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">modulus</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1000000007</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-7" name="__codelineno-5-7" href="#__codelineno-5-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">_</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">b</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">range</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[]</span><span class="nb">byte</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">key</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-8" name="__codelineno-5-8" href="#__codelineno-5-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">int64</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">b</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">modulus</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-9" name="__codelineno-5-9" href="#__codelineno-5-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-10" name="__codelineno-5-10" href="#__codelineno-5-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">hash</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-11" name="__codelineno-5-11" href="#__codelineno-5-11"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-12" name="__codelineno-5-12" href="#__codelineno-5-12"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-13" name="__codelineno-5-13" href="#__codelineno-5-13"></a><span class="cm">/* 乘法哈希 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-14" name="__codelineno-5-14" href="#__codelineno-5-14"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">mulHash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">key</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-15" name="__codelineno-5-15" href="#__codelineno-5-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int64</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-16" name="__codelineno-5-16" href="#__codelineno-5-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">modulus</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int64</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-17" name="__codelineno-5-17" href="#__codelineno-5-17"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-18" name="__codelineno-5-18" href="#__codelineno-5-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">modulus</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1000000007</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-19" name="__codelineno-5-19" href="#__codelineno-5-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">_</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">b</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">range</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[]</span><span class="nb">byte</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">key</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-20" name="__codelineno-5-20" href="#__codelineno-5-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">31</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">int64</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">b</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">modulus</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-21" name="__codelineno-5-21" href="#__codelineno-5-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-22" name="__codelineno-5-22" href="#__codelineno-5-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">hash</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-23" name="__codelineno-5-23" href="#__codelineno-5-23"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-24" name="__codelineno-5-24" href="#__codelineno-5-24"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-25" name="__codelineno-5-25" href="#__codelineno-5-25"></a><span class="cm">/* 异或哈希 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-26" name="__codelineno-5-26" href="#__codelineno-5-26"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">xorHash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">key</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-27" name="__codelineno-5-27" href="#__codelineno-5-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-28" name="__codelineno-5-28" href="#__codelineno-5-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">modulus</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1000000007</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-29" name="__codelineno-5-29" href="#__codelineno-5-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">_</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">b</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">range</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[]</span><span class="nb">byte</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">key</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-30" name="__codelineno-5-30" href="#__codelineno-5-30"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">b</span><span class="p">))</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-31" name="__codelineno-5-31" href="#__codelineno-5-31"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">^=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">b</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-32" name="__codelineno-5-32" href="#__codelineno-5-32"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">31</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nx">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">b</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">modulus</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-33" name="__codelineno-5-33" href="#__codelineno-5-33"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-34" name="__codelineno-5-34" href="#__codelineno-5-34"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">modulus</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-35" name="__codelineno-5-35" href="#__codelineno-5-35"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-36" name="__codelineno-5-36" href="#__codelineno-5-36"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-37" name="__codelineno-5-37" href="#__codelineno-5-37"></a><span class="cm">/* 旋转哈希 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-38" name="__codelineno-5-38" href="#__codelineno-5-38"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">rotHash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">key</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-39" name="__codelineno-5-39" href="#__codelineno-5-39"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int64</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-40" name="__codelineno-5-40" href="#__codelineno-5-40"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">var</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">modulus</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int64</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-41" name="__codelineno-5-41" href="#__codelineno-5-41"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-42" name="__codelineno-5-42" href="#__codelineno-5-42"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">modulus</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1000000007</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-43" name="__codelineno-5-43" href="#__codelineno-5-43"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">_</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">b</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">range</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[]</span><span class="nb">byte</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">key</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-44" name="__codelineno-5-44" href="#__codelineno-5-44"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">((</span><span class="nx">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><<</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">^</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">>></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">28</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">^</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">int64</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">b</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">modulus</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-45" name="__codelineno-5-45" href="#__codelineno-5-45"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-46" name="__codelineno-5-46" href="#__codelineno-5-46"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">hash</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-47" name="__codelineno-5-47" href="#__codelineno-5-47"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">simple_hash.swift</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-6-1" name="__codelineno-6-1" href="#__codelineno-6-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 加法哈希 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-2" name="__codelineno-6-2" href="#__codelineno-6-2"></a><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nf">addHash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">String</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">-></span> <span class="nb">Int</span> <span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-3" name="__codelineno-6-3" href="#__codelineno-6-3"></a> <span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nv">hash</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-4" name="__codelineno-6-4" href="#__codelineno-6-4"></a> <span class="kd">let</span> <span class="nv">MODULUS</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="mi">1_000_000_007</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-5" name="__codelineno-6-5" href="#__codelineno-6-5"></a> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">c</span> <span class="k">in</span> <span class="n">key</span> <span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-6" name="__codelineno-6-6" href="#__codelineno-6-6"></a> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">scalar</span> <span class="k">in</span> <span class="n">c</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">unicodeScalars</span> <span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-7" name="__codelineno-6-7" href="#__codelineno-6-7"></a> <span class="n">hash</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">hash</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="nb">Int</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">scalar</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">value</span><span class="p">))</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="n">MODULUS</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-8" name="__codelineno-6-8" href="#__codelineno-6-8"></a> <span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-9" name="__codelineno-6-9" href="#__codelineno-6-9"></a> <span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-10" name="__codelineno-6-10" href="#__codelineno-6-10"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">hash</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-11" name="__codelineno-6-11" href="#__codelineno-6-11"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-12" name="__codelineno-6-12" href="#__codelineno-6-12"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-13" name="__codelineno-6-13" href="#__codelineno-6-13"></a><span class="cm">/* 乘法哈希 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-14" name="__codelineno-6-14" href="#__codelineno-6-14"></a><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nf">mulHash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">String</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">-></span> <span class="nb">Int</span> <span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-15" name="__codelineno-6-15" href="#__codelineno-6-15"></a> <span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nv">hash</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-16" name="__codelineno-6-16" href="#__codelineno-6-16"></a> <span class="kd">let</span> <span class="nv">MODULUS</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="mi">1_000_000_007</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-17" name="__codelineno-6-17" href="#__codelineno-6-17"></a> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">c</span> <span class="k">in</span> <span class="n">key</span> <span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-18" name="__codelineno-6-18" href="#__codelineno-6-18"></a> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">scalar</span> <span class="k">in</span> <span class="n">c</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">unicodeScalars</span> <span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-19" name="__codelineno-6-19" href="#__codelineno-6-19"></a> <span class="n">hash</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">31</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">hash</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="nb">Int</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">scalar</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">value</span><span class="p">))</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="n">MODULUS</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-20" name="__codelineno-6-20" href="#__codelineno-6-20"></a> <span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-21" name="__codelineno-6-21" href="#__codelineno-6-21"></a> <span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-22" name="__codelineno-6-22" href="#__codelineno-6-22"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">hash</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-23" name="__codelineno-6-23" href="#__codelineno-6-23"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-24" name="__codelineno-6-24" href="#__codelineno-6-24"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-25" name="__codelineno-6-25" href="#__codelineno-6-25"></a><span class="cm">/* 异或哈希 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-26" name="__codelineno-6-26" href="#__codelineno-6-26"></a><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nf">xorHash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">String</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">-></span> <span class="nb">Int</span> <span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-27" name="__codelineno-6-27" href="#__codelineno-6-27"></a> <span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nv">hash</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-28" name="__codelineno-6-28" href="#__codelineno-6-28"></a> <span class="kd">let</span> <span class="nv">MODULUS</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="mi">1_000_000_007</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-29" name="__codelineno-6-29" href="#__codelineno-6-29"></a> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">c</span> <span class="k">in</span> <span class="n">key</span> <span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-30" name="__codelineno-6-30" href="#__codelineno-6-30"></a> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">scalar</span> <span class="k">in</span> <span class="n">c</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">unicodeScalars</span> <span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-31" name="__codelineno-6-31" href="#__codelineno-6-31"></a> <span class="n">hash</span> <span class="o">^=</span> <span class="nb">Int</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">scalar</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">value</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-32" name="__codelineno-6-32" href="#__codelineno-6-32"></a> <span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-33" name="__codelineno-6-33" href="#__codelineno-6-33"></a> <span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-34" name="__codelineno-6-34" href="#__codelineno-6-34"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">hash</span> <span class="o">&</span> <span class="n">MODULUS</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-35" name="__codelineno-6-35" href="#__codelineno-6-35"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-36" name="__codelineno-6-36" href="#__codelineno-6-36"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-37" name="__codelineno-6-37" href="#__codelineno-6-37"></a><span class="cm">/* 旋转哈希 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-38" name="__codelineno-6-38" href="#__codelineno-6-38"></a><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nf">rotHash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">String</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">-></span> <span class="nb">Int</span> <span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-39" name="__codelineno-6-39" href="#__codelineno-6-39"></a> <span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nv">hash</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-40" name="__codelineno-6-40" href="#__codelineno-6-40"></a> <span class="kd">let</span> <span class="nv">MODULUS</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="mi">1_000_000_007</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-41" name="__codelineno-6-41" href="#__codelineno-6-41"></a> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">c</span> <span class="k">in</span> <span class="n">key</span> <span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-42" name="__codelineno-6-42" href="#__codelineno-6-42"></a> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">scalar</span> <span class="k">in</span> <span class="n">c</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">unicodeScalars</span> <span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-43" name="__codelineno-6-43" href="#__codelineno-6-43"></a> <span class="n">hash</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="p">((</span><span class="n">hash</span> <span class="o"><<</span> <span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">^</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">hash</span> <span class="o">>></span> <span class="mi">28</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">^</span> <span class="nb">Int</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">scalar</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">value</span><span class="p">))</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="n">MODULUS</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-44" name="__codelineno-6-44" href="#__codelineno-6-44"></a> <span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-45" name="__codelineno-6-45" href="#__codelineno-6-45"></a> <span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-46" name="__codelineno-6-46" href="#__codelineno-6-46"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">hash</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-6-47" name="__codelineno-6-47" href="#__codelineno-6-47"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">simple_hash.js</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-7-1" name="__codelineno-7-1" href="#__codelineno-7-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 加法哈希 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-2" name="__codelineno-7-2" href="#__codelineno-7-2"></a><span class="kd">function</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">addHash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">key</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-3" name="__codelineno-7-3" href="#__codelineno-7-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-4" name="__codelineno-7-4" href="#__codelineno-7-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">MODULUS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1000000007</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-7-5" name="__codelineno-7-5" href="#__codelineno-7-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">c</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">of</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">key</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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|
<a id="__codelineno-7-6" name="__codelineno-7-6" href="#__codelineno-7-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">c</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">charCodeAt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">MODULUS</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-7-7" name="__codelineno-7-7" href="#__codelineno-7-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-7-8" name="__codelineno-7-8" href="#__codelineno-7-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">hash</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-7-9" name="__codelineno-7-9" href="#__codelineno-7-9"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-7-10" name="__codelineno-7-10" href="#__codelineno-7-10"></a>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-7-11" name="__codelineno-7-11" href="#__codelineno-7-11"></a><span class="cm">/* 乘法哈希 */</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-7-12" name="__codelineno-7-12" href="#__codelineno-7-12"></a><span class="kd">function</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">mulHash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">key</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-7-13" name="__codelineno-7-13" href="#__codelineno-7-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-7-14" name="__codelineno-7-14" href="#__codelineno-7-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">MODULUS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1000000007</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-7-15" name="__codelineno-7-15" href="#__codelineno-7-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">c</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">of</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">key</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-7-16" name="__codelineno-7-16" href="#__codelineno-7-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">31</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">c</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">charCodeAt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">MODULUS</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-7-17" name="__codelineno-7-17" href="#__codelineno-7-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-7-18" name="__codelineno-7-18" href="#__codelineno-7-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">hash</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-7-19" name="__codelineno-7-19" href="#__codelineno-7-19"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-7-20" name="__codelineno-7-20" href="#__codelineno-7-20"></a>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-7-21" name="__codelineno-7-21" href="#__codelineno-7-21"></a><span class="cm">/* 异或哈希 */</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-7-22" name="__codelineno-7-22" href="#__codelineno-7-22"></a><span class="kd">function</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">xorHash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">key</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-7-23" name="__codelineno-7-23" href="#__codelineno-7-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-7-24" name="__codelineno-7-24" href="#__codelineno-7-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">MODULUS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1000000007</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-7-25" name="__codelineno-7-25" href="#__codelineno-7-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">c</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">of</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">key</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-7-26" name="__codelineno-7-26" href="#__codelineno-7-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">^=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">c</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">charCodeAt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-7-27" name="__codelineno-7-27" href="#__codelineno-7-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-7-28" name="__codelineno-7-28" href="#__codelineno-7-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">MODULUS</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-7-29" name="__codelineno-7-29" href="#__codelineno-7-29"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-7-30" name="__codelineno-7-30" href="#__codelineno-7-30"></a>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-7-31" name="__codelineno-7-31" href="#__codelineno-7-31"></a><span class="cm">/* 旋转哈希 */</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-7-32" name="__codelineno-7-32" href="#__codelineno-7-32"></a><span class="kd">function</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">rotHash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">key</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-7-33" name="__codelineno-7-33" href="#__codelineno-7-33"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-7-34" name="__codelineno-7-34" href="#__codelineno-7-34"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">MODULUS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1000000007</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-7-35" name="__codelineno-7-35" href="#__codelineno-7-35"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">c</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">of</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">key</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-7-36" name="__codelineno-7-36" href="#__codelineno-7-36"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">((</span><span class="nx">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><<</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">4</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">^</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">>></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">28</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">^</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">c</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">charCodeAt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">MODULUS</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-7-37" name="__codelineno-7-37" href="#__codelineno-7-37"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-7-38" name="__codelineno-7-38" href="#__codelineno-7-38"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">hash</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-7-39" name="__codelineno-7-39" href="#__codelineno-7-39"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
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|
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">simple_hash.ts</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-8-1" name="__codelineno-8-1" href="#__codelineno-8-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 加法哈希 */</span>
|
|
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<a id="__codelineno-8-2" name="__codelineno-8-2" href="#__codelineno-8-2"></a><span class="kd">function</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">addHash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">key</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-8-3" name="__codelineno-8-3" href="#__codelineno-8-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-8-4" name="__codelineno-8-4" href="#__codelineno-8-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">MODULUS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1000000007</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-8-5" name="__codelineno-8-5" href="#__codelineno-8-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">c</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">of</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">key</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-8-6" name="__codelineno-8-6" href="#__codelineno-8-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">c</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">charCodeAt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">MODULUS</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-8-7" name="__codelineno-8-7" href="#__codelineno-8-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-8-8" name="__codelineno-8-8" href="#__codelineno-8-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">hash</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-8-9" name="__codelineno-8-9" href="#__codelineno-8-9"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-8-10" name="__codelineno-8-10" href="#__codelineno-8-10"></a>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-8-11" name="__codelineno-8-11" href="#__codelineno-8-11"></a><span class="cm">/* 乘法哈希 */</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-8-12" name="__codelineno-8-12" href="#__codelineno-8-12"></a><span class="kd">function</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">mulHash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">key</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-8-13" name="__codelineno-8-13" href="#__codelineno-8-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-8-14" name="__codelineno-8-14" href="#__codelineno-8-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">MODULUS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1000000007</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-8-15" name="__codelineno-8-15" href="#__codelineno-8-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">c</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">of</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">key</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-8-16" name="__codelineno-8-16" href="#__codelineno-8-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">31</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">c</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">charCodeAt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">MODULUS</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-8-17" name="__codelineno-8-17" href="#__codelineno-8-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-8-18" name="__codelineno-8-18" href="#__codelineno-8-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">hash</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-8-19" name="__codelineno-8-19" href="#__codelineno-8-19"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-8-20" name="__codelineno-8-20" href="#__codelineno-8-20"></a>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-8-21" name="__codelineno-8-21" href="#__codelineno-8-21"></a><span class="cm">/* 异或哈希 */</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-8-22" name="__codelineno-8-22" href="#__codelineno-8-22"></a><span class="kd">function</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">xorHash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">key</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-8-23" name="__codelineno-8-23" href="#__codelineno-8-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-8-24" name="__codelineno-8-24" href="#__codelineno-8-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">MODULUS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1000000007</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-8-25" name="__codelineno-8-25" href="#__codelineno-8-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">c</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">of</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">key</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-8-26" name="__codelineno-8-26" href="#__codelineno-8-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">^=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">c</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">charCodeAt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-8-27" name="__codelineno-8-27" href="#__codelineno-8-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-8-28" name="__codelineno-8-28" href="#__codelineno-8-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">MODULUS</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-8-29" name="__codelineno-8-29" href="#__codelineno-8-29"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-8-30" name="__codelineno-8-30" href="#__codelineno-8-30"></a>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-8-31" name="__codelineno-8-31" href="#__codelineno-8-31"></a><span class="cm">/* 旋转哈希 */</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-8-32" name="__codelineno-8-32" href="#__codelineno-8-32"></a><span class="kd">function</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">rotHash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">key</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-8-33" name="__codelineno-8-33" href="#__codelineno-8-33"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-8-34" name="__codelineno-8-34" href="#__codelineno-8-34"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">MODULUS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1000000007</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-8-35" name="__codelineno-8-35" href="#__codelineno-8-35"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kd">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">c</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">of</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">key</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-8-36" name="__codelineno-8-36" href="#__codelineno-8-36"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">((</span><span class="nx">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><<</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">4</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">^</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">>></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">28</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">^</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">c</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">charCodeAt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">MODULUS</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
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|
<a id="__codelineno-8-37" name="__codelineno-8-37" href="#__codelineno-8-37"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
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|
<a id="__codelineno-8-38" name="__codelineno-8-38" href="#__codelineno-8-38"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">hash</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-8-39" name="__codelineno-8-39" href="#__codelineno-8-39"></a><span class="p">}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">simple_hash.dart</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-9-1" name="__codelineno-9-1" href="#__codelineno-9-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 加法哈希 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-9-2" name="__codelineno-9-2" href="#__codelineno-9-2"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">addHash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">String</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-9-3" name="__codelineno-9-3" href="#__codelineno-9-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-9-4" name="__codelineno-9-4" href="#__codelineno-9-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">final</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MODULUS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1000000007</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-9-5" name="__codelineno-9-5" href="#__codelineno-9-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">length</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-9-6" name="__codelineno-9-6" href="#__codelineno-9-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">codeUnitAt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MODULUS</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-9-7" name="__codelineno-9-7" href="#__codelineno-9-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-9-8" name="__codelineno-9-8" href="#__codelineno-9-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-9-9" name="__codelineno-9-9" href="#__codelineno-9-9"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-9-10" name="__codelineno-9-10" href="#__codelineno-9-10"></a>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-9-11" name="__codelineno-9-11" href="#__codelineno-9-11"></a><span class="cm">/* 乘法哈希 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-9-12" name="__codelineno-9-12" href="#__codelineno-9-12"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">mulHash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">String</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-9-13" name="__codelineno-9-13" href="#__codelineno-9-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-9-14" name="__codelineno-9-14" href="#__codelineno-9-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">final</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MODULUS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1000000007</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-9-15" name="__codelineno-9-15" href="#__codelineno-9-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">length</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-9-16" name="__codelineno-9-16" href="#__codelineno-9-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="m">31</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">codeUnitAt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MODULUS</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-9-17" name="__codelineno-9-17" href="#__codelineno-9-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-9-18" name="__codelineno-9-18" href="#__codelineno-9-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-9-19" name="__codelineno-9-19" href="#__codelineno-9-19"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-9-20" name="__codelineno-9-20" href="#__codelineno-9-20"></a>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-9-21" name="__codelineno-9-21" href="#__codelineno-9-21"></a><span class="cm">/* 异或哈希 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-9-22" name="__codelineno-9-22" href="#__codelineno-9-22"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">xorHash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">String</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-9-23" name="__codelineno-9-23" href="#__codelineno-9-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
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<a id="__codelineno-9-24" name="__codelineno-9-24" href="#__codelineno-9-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">final</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MODULUS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1000000007</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-9-25" name="__codelineno-9-25" href="#__codelineno-9-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">length</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-9-26" name="__codelineno-9-26" href="#__codelineno-9-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">^=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">codeUnitAt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-9-27" name="__codelineno-9-27" href="#__codelineno-9-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-9-28" name="__codelineno-9-28" href="#__codelineno-9-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MODULUS</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-9-29" name="__codelineno-9-29" href="#__codelineno-9-29"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-9-30" name="__codelineno-9-30" href="#__codelineno-9-30"></a>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-9-31" name="__codelineno-9-31" href="#__codelineno-9-31"></a><span class="cm">/* 旋转哈希 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-9-32" name="__codelineno-9-32" href="#__codelineno-9-32"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">rotHash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">String</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-9-33" name="__codelineno-9-33" href="#__codelineno-9-33"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
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<a id="__codelineno-9-34" name="__codelineno-9-34" href="#__codelineno-9-34"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">final</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MODULUS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1000000007</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-9-35" name="__codelineno-9-35" href="#__codelineno-9-35"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">length</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-9-36" name="__codelineno-9-36" href="#__codelineno-9-36"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">((</span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><<</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">4</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">^</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">>></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">28</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">^</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">codeUnitAt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MODULUS</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-9-37" name="__codelineno-9-37" href="#__codelineno-9-37"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-9-38" name="__codelineno-9-38" href="#__codelineno-9-38"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-9-39" name="__codelineno-9-39" href="#__codelineno-9-39"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
|
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">simple_hash.rs</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-10-1" name="__codelineno-10-1" href="#__codelineno-10-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 加法哈希 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-2" name="__codelineno-10-2" href="#__codelineno-10-2"></a><span class="k">fn</span> <span class="nf">add_hash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">key</span>: <span class="kp">&</span><span class="kt">str</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span>-> <span class="kt">i32</span> <span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-3" name="__codelineno-10-3" href="#__codelineno-10-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0_</span><span class="k">i64</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-4" name="__codelineno-10-4" href="#__codelineno-10-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MODULUS</span>: <span class="kt">i64</span> <span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1000000007</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-10-5" name="__codelineno-10-5" href="#__codelineno-10-5"></a>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-10-6" name="__codelineno-10-6" href="#__codelineno-10-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">chars</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-7" name="__codelineno-10-7" href="#__codelineno-10-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">i64</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MODULUS</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-10-8" name="__codelineno-10-8" href="#__codelineno-10-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-9" name="__codelineno-10-9" href="#__codelineno-10-9"></a>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-10-10" name="__codelineno-10-10" href="#__codelineno-10-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">i32</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-11" name="__codelineno-10-11" href="#__codelineno-10-11"></a><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> </span>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-10-12" name="__codelineno-10-12" href="#__codelineno-10-12"></a>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-10-13" name="__codelineno-10-13" href="#__codelineno-10-13"></a><span class="cm">/* 乘法哈希 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-10-14" name="__codelineno-10-14" href="#__codelineno-10-14"></a><span class="k">fn</span> <span class="nf">mul_hash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">key</span>: <span class="kp">&</span><span class="kt">str</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span>-> <span class="kt">i32</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
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|
<a id="__codelineno-10-15" name="__codelineno-10-15" href="#__codelineno-10-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0_</span><span class="k">i64</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-10-16" name="__codelineno-10-16" href="#__codelineno-10-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MODULUS</span>: <span class="kt">i64</span> <span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1000000007</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-10-17" name="__codelineno-10-17" href="#__codelineno-10-17"></a>
|
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|
<a id="__codelineno-10-18" name="__codelineno-10-18" href="#__codelineno-10-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">chars</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-10-19" name="__codelineno-10-19" href="#__codelineno-10-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">31</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">i64</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MODULUS</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-10-20" name="__codelineno-10-20" href="#__codelineno-10-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-10-21" name="__codelineno-10-21" href="#__codelineno-10-21"></a>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-10-22" name="__codelineno-10-22" href="#__codelineno-10-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">i32</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-10-23" name="__codelineno-10-23" href="#__codelineno-10-23"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-10-24" name="__codelineno-10-24" href="#__codelineno-10-24"></a>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-10-25" name="__codelineno-10-25" href="#__codelineno-10-25"></a><span class="cm">/* 异或哈希 */</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-10-26" name="__codelineno-10-26" href="#__codelineno-10-26"></a><span class="k">fn</span> <span class="nf">xor_hash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">key</span>: <span class="kp">&</span><span class="kt">str</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span>-> <span class="kt">i32</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-10-27" name="__codelineno-10-27" href="#__codelineno-10-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0_</span><span class="k">i64</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-10-28" name="__codelineno-10-28" href="#__codelineno-10-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MODULUS</span>: <span class="kt">i64</span> <span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1000000007</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-10-29" name="__codelineno-10-29" href="#__codelineno-10-29"></a>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-10-30" name="__codelineno-10-30" href="#__codelineno-10-30"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">chars</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-10-31" name="__codelineno-10-31" href="#__codelineno-10-31"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">^=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">i64</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
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<a id="__codelineno-10-32" name="__codelineno-10-32" href="#__codelineno-10-32"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
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|
<a id="__codelineno-10-33" name="__codelineno-10-33" href="#__codelineno-10-33"></a>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-10-34" name="__codelineno-10-34" href="#__codelineno-10-34"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MODULUS</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">i32</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-10-35" name="__codelineno-10-35" href="#__codelineno-10-35"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-10-36" name="__codelineno-10-36" href="#__codelineno-10-36"></a>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-10-37" name="__codelineno-10-37" href="#__codelineno-10-37"></a><span class="cm">/* 旋转哈希 */</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-10-38" name="__codelineno-10-38" href="#__codelineno-10-38"></a><span class="k">fn</span> <span class="nf">rot_hash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">key</span>: <span class="kp">&</span><span class="kt">str</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span>-> <span class="kt">i32</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-10-39" name="__codelineno-10-39" href="#__codelineno-10-39"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0_</span><span class="k">i64</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-10-40" name="__codelineno-10-40" href="#__codelineno-10-40"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MODULUS</span>: <span class="kt">i64</span> <span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1000000007</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-10-41" name="__codelineno-10-41" href="#__codelineno-10-41"></a>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-10-42" name="__codelineno-10-42" href="#__codelineno-10-42"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">chars</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-10-43" name="__codelineno-10-43" href="#__codelineno-10-43"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">((</span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><<</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">^</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">>></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">28</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">^</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">i64</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MODULUS</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-10-44" name="__codelineno-10-44" href="#__codelineno-10-44"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-10-45" name="__codelineno-10-45" href="#__codelineno-10-45"></a>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-10-46" name="__codelineno-10-46" href="#__codelineno-10-46"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">i32</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-10-47" name="__codelineno-10-47" href="#__codelineno-10-47"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
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|
</code></pre></div>
|
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</div>
|
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">simple_hash.c</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-11-1" name="__codelineno-11-1" href="#__codelineno-11-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 加法哈希 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-11-2" name="__codelineno-11-2" href="#__codelineno-11-2"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">addHash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">char</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-11-3" name="__codelineno-11-3" href="#__codelineno-11-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">long</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">long</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
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<a id="__codelineno-11-4" name="__codelineno-11-4" href="#__codelineno-11-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MODULUS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1000000007</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
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|
<a id="__codelineno-11-5" name="__codelineno-11-5" href="#__codelineno-11-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">strlen</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-11-6" name="__codelineno-11-6" href="#__codelineno-11-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">unsigned</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">char</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">])</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MODULUS</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-11-7" name="__codelineno-11-7" href="#__codelineno-11-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-11-8" name="__codelineno-11-8" href="#__codelineno-11-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-11-9" name="__codelineno-11-9" href="#__codelineno-11-9"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-11-10" name="__codelineno-11-10" href="#__codelineno-11-10"></a>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-11-11" name="__codelineno-11-11" href="#__codelineno-11-11"></a><span class="cm">/* 乘法哈希 */</span>
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|
<a id="__codelineno-11-12" name="__codelineno-11-12" href="#__codelineno-11-12"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">mulHash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">char</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-11-13" name="__codelineno-11-13" href="#__codelineno-11-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">long</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">long</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-11-14" name="__codelineno-11-14" href="#__codelineno-11-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MODULUS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1000000007</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-11-15" name="__codelineno-11-15" href="#__codelineno-11-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">strlen</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-11-16" name="__codelineno-11-16" href="#__codelineno-11-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">31</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">unsigned</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">char</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">])</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MODULUS</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-11-17" name="__codelineno-11-17" href="#__codelineno-11-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-11-18" name="__codelineno-11-18" href="#__codelineno-11-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-11-19" name="__codelineno-11-19" href="#__codelineno-11-19"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-11-20" name="__codelineno-11-20" href="#__codelineno-11-20"></a>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-11-21" name="__codelineno-11-21" href="#__codelineno-11-21"></a><span class="cm">/* 异或哈希 */</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-11-22" name="__codelineno-11-22" href="#__codelineno-11-22"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">xorHash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">char</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-11-23" name="__codelineno-11-23" href="#__codelineno-11-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-11-24" name="__codelineno-11-24" href="#__codelineno-11-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MODULUS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1000000007</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-11-25" name="__codelineno-11-25" href="#__codelineno-11-25"></a>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-11-26" name="__codelineno-11-26" href="#__codelineno-11-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">strlen</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-11-27" name="__codelineno-11-27" href="#__codelineno-11-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">^=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">unsigned</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">char</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">];</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-11-28" name="__codelineno-11-28" href="#__codelineno-11-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-11-29" name="__codelineno-11-29" href="#__codelineno-11-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MODULUS</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-11-30" name="__codelineno-11-30" href="#__codelineno-11-30"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-11-31" name="__codelineno-11-31" href="#__codelineno-11-31"></a>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-11-32" name="__codelineno-11-32" href="#__codelineno-11-32"></a><span class="cm">/* 旋转哈希 */</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-11-33" name="__codelineno-11-33" href="#__codelineno-11-33"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">rotHash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">char</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-11-34" name="__codelineno-11-34" href="#__codelineno-11-34"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">long</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">long</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-11-35" name="__codelineno-11-35" href="#__codelineno-11-35"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MODULUS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1000000007</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-11-36" name="__codelineno-11-36" href="#__codelineno-11-36"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">strlen</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
|
|
<a id="__codelineno-11-37" name="__codelineno-11-37" href="#__codelineno-11-37"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">((</span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><<</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">^</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">>></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">28</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">^</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">unsigned</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">char</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="n">key</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">])</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MODULUS</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-11-38" name="__codelineno-11-38" href="#__codelineno-11-38"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
|
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|
<a id="__codelineno-11-39" name="__codelineno-11-39" href="#__codelineno-11-39"></a>
|
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|
<a id="__codelineno-11-40" name="__codelineno-11-40" href="#__codelineno-11-40"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
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|
<a id="__codelineno-11-41" name="__codelineno-11-41" href="#__codelineno-11-41"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
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</code></pre></div>
|
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</div>
|
|
|
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
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|
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">simple_hash.zig</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-12-1" name="__codelineno-12-1" href="#__codelineno-12-1"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">class</span><span class="p">]{}</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="p">]{</span><span class="n">addHash</span><span class="p">}</span>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-12-2" name="__codelineno-12-2" href="#__codelineno-12-2"></a>
|
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|
<a id="__codelineno-12-3" name="__codelineno-12-3" href="#__codelineno-12-3"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">class</span><span class="p">]{}</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="p">]{</span><span class="n">mulHash</span><span class="p">}</span>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-12-4" name="__codelineno-12-4" href="#__codelineno-12-4"></a>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-12-5" name="__codelineno-12-5" href="#__codelineno-12-5"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">class</span><span class="p">]{}</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="p">]{</span><span class="n">xorHash</span><span class="p">}</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-6" name="__codelineno-12-6" href="#__codelineno-12-6"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-12-7" name="__codelineno-12-7" href="#__codelineno-12-7"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">class</span><span class="p">]{}</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="p">]{</span><span class="n">rotHash</span><span class="p">}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<details class="pythontutor">
|
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<summary>可视化运行</summary>
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<p><div style="height: 549px; width: 100%;"><iframe class="pythontutor-iframe" src="https://pythontutor.com/iframe-embed.html#code=def%20add_hash%28key%3A%20str%29%20-%3E%20int%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%22%22%22%E5%8A%A0%E6%B3%95%E5%93%88%E5%B8%8C%22%22%22%0A%20%20%20%20hash%20%3D%200%0A%20%20%20%20modulus%20%3D%201000000007%0A%20%20%20%20for%20c%20in%20key%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20hash%20%2B%3D%20ord%28c%29%0A%20%20%20%20return%20hash%20%25%20modulus%0A%0A%0Adef%20mul_hash%28key%3A%20str%29%20-%3E%20int%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%22%22%22%E4%B9%98%E6%B3%95%E5%93%88%E5%B8%8C%22%22%22%0A%20%20%20%20hash%20%3D%200%0A%20%20%20%20modulus%20%3D%201000000007%0A%20%20%20%20for%20c%20in%20key%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20hash%20%3D%2031%20*%20hash%20%2B%20ord%28c%29%0A%20%20%20%20return%20hash%20%25%20modulus%0A%0A%0Adef%20xor_hash%28key%3A%20str%29%20-%3E%20int%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%22%22%22%E5%BC%82%E6%88%96%E5%93%88%E5%B8%8C%22%22%22%0A%20%20%20%20hash%20%3D%200%0A%20%20%20%20modulus%20%3D%201000000007%0A%20%20%20%20for%20c%20in%20key%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20hash%20%5E%3D%20ord%28c%29%0A%20%20%20%20return%20hash%20%25%20modulus%0A%0A%0Adef%20rot_hash%28key%3A%20str%29%20-%3E%20int%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%22%22%22%E6%97%8B%E8%BD%AC%E5%93%88%E5%B8%8C%22%22%22%0A%20%20%20%20hash%20%3D%200%0A%20%20%20%20modulus%20%3D%201000000007%0A%20%20%20%20for%20c%20in%20key%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20hash%20%3D%20%28hash%20%3C%3C%204%29%20%5E%20%28hash%20%3E%3E%2028%29%20%5E%20ord%28c%29%0A%20%20%20%20return%20hash%20%25%20modulus%0A%0A%0A%22%22%22Driver%20Code%22%22%22%0Aif%20__name__%20%3D%3D%20%22__main__%22%3A%0A%20%20%20%20key%20%3D%20%22Hello%20%E7%AE%97%E6%B3%95%22%0A%0A%20%20%20%20hash%20%3D%20add_hash%28key%29%0A%20%20%20%20print%28f%22%E5%8A%A0%E6%B3%95%E5%93%88%E5%B8%8C%E5%80%BC%E4%B8%BA%20%7Bhash%7D%22%29%0A%0A%20%20%20%20hash%20%3D%20mul_hash%28key%29%0A%20%20%20%20print%28f%22%E4%B9%98%E6%B3%95%E5%93%88%E5%B8%8C%E5%80%BC%E4%B8%BA%20%7Bhash%7D%22%29%0A%0A%20%20%20%20hash%20%3D%20xor_hash%28key%29%0A%20%20%20%20print%28f%22%E5%BC%82%E6%88%96%E5%93%88%E5%B8%8C%E5%80%BC%E4%B8%BA%20%7Bhash%7D%22%29%0A%0A%20%20%20%20hash%20%3D%20rot_hash%28key%29%0A%20%20%20%20print%28f%22%E6%97%8B%E8%BD%AC%E5%93%88%E5%B8%8C%E5%80%BC%E4%B8%BA%20%7Bhash%7D%22%29%0A&codeDivHeight=472&codeDivWidth=350&cumulative=false&curInstr=6&heapPrimitives=nevernest&origin=opt-frontend.js&py=311&rawInputLstJSON=%5B%5D&textReferences=false"> </iframe></div>
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<div style="margin-top: 5px;"><a href="https://pythontutor.com/iframe-embed.html#code=def%20add_hash%28key%3A%20str%29%20-%3E%20int%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%22%22%22%E5%8A%A0%E6%B3%95%E5%93%88%E5%B8%8C%22%22%22%0A%20%20%20%20hash%20%3D%200%0A%20%20%20%20modulus%20%3D%201000000007%0A%20%20%20%20for%20c%20in%20key%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20hash%20%2B%3D%20ord%28c%29%0A%20%20%20%20return%20hash%20%25%20modulus%0A%0A%0Adef%20mul_hash%28key%3A%20str%29%20-%3E%20int%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%22%22%22%E4%B9%98%E6%B3%95%E5%93%88%E5%B8%8C%22%22%22%0A%20%20%20%20hash%20%3D%200%0A%20%20%20%20modulus%20%3D%201000000007%0A%20%20%20%20for%20c%20in%20key%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20hash%20%3D%2031%20*%20hash%20%2B%20ord%28c%29%0A%20%20%20%20return%20hash%20%25%20modulus%0A%0A%0Adef%20xor_hash%28key%3A%20str%29%20-%3E%20int%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%22%22%22%E5%BC%82%E6%88%96%E5%93%88%E5%B8%8C%22%22%22%0A%20%20%20%20hash%20%3D%200%0A%20%20%20%20modulus%20%3D%201000000007%0A%20%20%20%20for%20c%20in%20key%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20hash%20%5E%3D%20ord%28c%29%0A%20%20%20%20return%20hash%20%25%20modulus%0A%0A%0Adef%20rot_hash%28key%3A%20str%29%20-%3E%20int%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%22%22%22%E6%97%8B%E8%BD%AC%E5%93%88%E5%B8%8C%22%22%22%0A%20%20%20%20hash%20%3D%200%0A%20%20%20%20modulus%20%3D%201000000007%0A%20%20%20%20for%20c%20in%20key%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20hash%20%3D%20%28hash%20%3C%3C%204%29%20%5E%20%28hash%20%3E%3E%2028%29%20%5E%20ord%28c%29%0A%20%20%20%20return%20hash%20%25%20modulus%0A%0A%0A%22%22%22Driver%20Code%22%22%22%0Aif%20__name__%20%3D%3D%20%22__main__%22%3A%0A%20%20%20%20key%20%3D%20%22Hello%20%E7%AE%97%E6%B3%95%22%0A%0A%20%20%20%20hash%20%3D%20add_hash%28key%29%0A%20%20%20%20print%28f%22%E5%8A%A0%E6%B3%95%E5%93%88%E5%B8%8C%E5%80%BC%E4%B8%BA%20%7Bhash%7D%22%29%0A%0A%20%20%20%20hash%20%3D%20mul_hash%28key%29%0A%20%20%20%20print%28f%22%E4%B9%98%E6%B3%95%E5%93%88%E5%B8%8C%E5%80%BC%E4%B8%BA%20%7Bhash%7D%22%29%0A%0A%20%20%20%20hash%20%3D%20xor_hash%28key%29%0A%20%20%20%20print%28f%22%E5%BC%82%E6%88%96%E5%93%88%E5%B8%8C%E5%80%BC%E4%B8%BA%20%7Bhash%7D%22%29%0A%0A%20%20%20%20hash%20%3D%20rot_hash%28key%29%0A%20%20%20%20print%28f%22%E6%97%8B%E8%BD%AC%E5%93%88%E5%B8%8C%E5%80%BC%E4%B8%BA%20%7Bhash%7D%22%29%0A&codeDivHeight=800&codeDivWidth=600&cumulative=false&curInstr=6&heapPrimitives=nevernest&origin=opt-frontend.js&py=311&rawInputLstJSON=%5B%5D&textReferences=false" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">全屏观看 ></a></div></p>
|
|
|
</details>
|
|
|
<p>观察发现，每种哈希算法的最后一步都是对大质数 <span class="arithmatex">\(1000000007\)</span> 取模，以确保哈希值在合适的范围内。值得思考的是，为什么要强调对质数取模，或者说对合数取模的弊端是什么？这是一个有趣的问题。</p>
|
|
|
<p>先抛出结论：<strong>使用大质数作为模数，可以最大化地保证哈希值的均匀分布</strong>。因为质数不与其他数字存在公约数，可以减少因取模操作而产生的周期性模式，从而避免哈希冲突。</p>
|
|
|
<p>举个例子，假设我们选择合数 <span class="arithmatex">\(9\)</span> 作为模数，它可以被 <span class="arithmatex">\(3\)</span> 整除，那么所有可以被 <span class="arithmatex">\(3\)</span> 整除的 <code>key</code> 都会被映射到 <span class="arithmatex">\(0\)</span>、<span class="arithmatex">\(3\)</span>、<span class="arithmatex">\(6\)</span> 这三个哈希值。</p>
|
|
|
<div class="arithmatex">\[
|
|
|
\begin{aligned}
|
|
|
\text{modulus} & = 9 \newline
|
|
|
\text{key} & = \{ 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30, 33, \dots \} \newline
|
|
|
\text{hash} & = \{ 0, 3, 6, 0, 3, 6, 0, 3, 6, 0, 3, 6,\dots \}
|
|
|
\end{aligned}
|
|
|
\]</div>
|
|
|
<p>如果输入 <code>key</code> 恰好满足这种等差数列的数据分布，那么哈希值就会出现聚堆，从而加重哈希冲突。现在，假设将 <code>modulus</code> 替换为质数 <span class="arithmatex">\(13\)</span> ，由于 <code>key</code> 和 <code>modulus</code> 之间不存在公约数，因此输出的哈希值的均匀性会明显提升。</p>
|
|
|
<div class="arithmatex">\[
|
|
|
\begin{aligned}
|
|
|
\text{modulus} & = 13 \newline
|
|
|
\text{key} & = \{ 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30, 33, \dots \} \newline
|
|
|
\text{hash} & = \{ 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 2, 5, 8, 11, 1, 4, 7, \dots \}
|
|
|
\end{aligned}
|
|
|
\]</div>
|
|
|
<p>值得说明的是，如果能够保证 <code>key</code> 是随机均匀分布的，那么选择质数或者合数作为模数都可以，它们都能输出均匀分布的哈希值。而当 <code>key</code> 的分布存在某种周期性时，对合数取模更容易出现聚集现象。</p>
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|
<p>总而言之，我们通常选取质数作为模数，并且这个质数最好足够大，以尽可能消除周期性模式，提升哈希算法的稳健性。</p>
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<h2 id="633">6.3.3 常见哈希算法<a class="headerlink" href="#633" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
|
|
|
<p>不难发现，以上介绍的简单哈希算法都比较“脆弱”，远远没有达到哈希算法的设计目标。例如，由于加法和异或满足交换律，因此加法哈希和异或哈希无法区分内容相同但顺序不同的字符串，这可能会加剧哈希冲突，并引起一些安全问题。</p>
|
|
|
<p>在实际中，我们通常会用一些标准哈希算法，例如 MD5、SHA-1、SHA-2 和 SHA-3 等。它们可以将任意长度的输入数据映射到恒定长度的哈希值。</p>
|
|
|
<p>近一个世纪以来，哈希算法处在不断升级与优化的过程中。一部分研究人员努力提升哈希算法的性能，另一部分研究人员和黑客则致力于寻找哈希算法的安全性问题。表 6-2 展示了在实际应用中常见的哈希算法。</p>
|
|
|
<ul>
|
|
|
<li>MD5 和 SHA-1 已多次被成功攻击，因此它们被各类安全应用弃用。</li>
|
|
|
<li>SHA-2 系列中的 SHA-256 是最安全的哈希算法之一，仍未出现成功的攻击案例，因此常用在各类安全应用与协议中。</li>
|
|
|
<li>SHA-3 相较 SHA-2 的实现开销更低、计算效率更高，但目前使用覆盖度不如 SHA-2 系列。</li>
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
<p align="center"> 表 6-2 常见的哈希算法 </p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="center-table">
|
|
|
<table>
|
|
|
<thead>
|
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
<th></th>
|
|
|
<th>MD5</th>
|
|
|
<th>SHA-1</th>
|
|
|
<th>SHA-2</th>
|
|
|
<th>SHA-3</th>
|
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
</thead>
|
|
|
<tbody>
|
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
<td>推出时间</td>
|
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|
<td>1992</td>
|
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|
<td>1995</td>
|
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|
<td>2002</td>
|
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|
<td>2008</td>
|
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
<tr>
|
|
|
<td>输出长度</td>
|
|
|
<td>128 bit</td>
|
|
|
<td>160 bit</td>
|
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|
<td>256/512 bit</td>
|
|
|
<td>224/256/384/512 bit</td>
|
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
<tr>
|
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|
<td>哈希冲突</td>
|
|
|
<td>较多</td>
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|
<td>较多</td>
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|
<td>很少</td>
|
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|
<td>很少</td>
|
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
<tr>
|
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|
<td>安全等级</td>
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|
<td>低，已被成功攻击</td>
|
|
|
<td>低，已被成功攻击</td>
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<td>高</td>
|
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<td>高</td>
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</tr>
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|
<tr>
|
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<td>应用</td>
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<td>已被弃用，仍用于数据完整性检查</td>
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<td>已被弃用</td>
|
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|
<td>加密货币交易验证、数字签名等</td>
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|
<td>可用于替代 SHA-2</td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
|
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
</div>
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<h2 id="634">6.3.4 数据结构的哈希值<a class="headerlink" href="#634" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
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|
|
<p>我们知道，哈希表的 <code>key</code> 可以是整数、小数或字符串等数据类型。编程语言通常会为这些数据类型提供内置的哈希算法，用于计算哈希表中的桶索引。以 Python 为例，我们可以调用 <code>hash()</code> 函数来计算各种数据类型的哈希值。</p>
|
|
|
<ul>
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|
<li>整数和布尔量的哈希值就是其本身。</li>
|
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|
<li>浮点数和字符串的哈希值计算较为复杂，有兴趣的读者请自行学习。</li>
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|
<li>元组的哈希值是对其中每一个元素进行哈希，然后将这些哈希值组合起来，得到单一的哈希值。</li>
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<li>对象的哈希值基于其内存地址生成。通过重写对象的哈希方法，可实现基于内容生成哈希值。</li>
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|
|
</ul>
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|
|
<div class="admonition tip">
|
|
|
<p class="admonition-title">Tip</p>
|
|
|
<p>请注意，不同编程语言的内置哈希值计算函数的定义和方法不同。</p>
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|
</div>
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<div class="tabbed-set tabbed-alternate" data-tabs="2:12"><input checked="checked" id="__tabbed_2_1" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_2" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_3" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_4" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_5" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_6" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_7" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_8" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_9" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_10" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_11" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_12" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><div class="tabbed-labels"><label for="__tabbed_2_1">Python</label><label for="__tabbed_2_2">C++</label><label for="__tabbed_2_3">Java</label><label for="__tabbed_2_4">C#</label><label for="__tabbed_2_5">Go</label><label for="__tabbed_2_6">Swift</label><label for="__tabbed_2_7">JS</label><label for="__tabbed_2_8">TS</label><label for="__tabbed_2_9">Dart</label><label for="__tabbed_2_10">Rust</label><label for="__tabbed_2_11">C</label><label for="__tabbed_2_12">Zig</label></div>
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<div class="tabbed-content">
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">built_in_hash.py</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-13-1" name="__codelineno-13-1" href="#__codelineno-13-1"></a><span class="n">num</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">3</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-2" name="__codelineno-13-2" href="#__codelineno-13-2"></a><span class="n">hash_num</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">hash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-3" name="__codelineno-13-3" href="#__codelineno-13-3"></a><span class="c1"># 整数 3 的哈希值为 3</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-4" name="__codelineno-13-4" href="#__codelineno-13-4"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-5" name="__codelineno-13-5" href="#__codelineno-13-5"></a><span class="n">bol</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">True</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-6" name="__codelineno-13-6" href="#__codelineno-13-6"></a><span class="n">hash_bol</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">hash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">bol</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-7" name="__codelineno-13-7" href="#__codelineno-13-7"></a><span class="c1"># 布尔量 True 的哈希值为 1</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-8" name="__codelineno-13-8" href="#__codelineno-13-8"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-9" name="__codelineno-13-9" href="#__codelineno-13-9"></a><span class="n">dec</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mf">3.14159</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-10" name="__codelineno-13-10" href="#__codelineno-13-10"></a><span class="n">hash_dec</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">hash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dec</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-11" name="__codelineno-13-11" href="#__codelineno-13-11"></a><span class="c1"># 小数 3.14159 的哈希值为 326484311674566659</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-12" name="__codelineno-13-12" href="#__codelineno-13-12"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-13" name="__codelineno-13-13" href="#__codelineno-13-13"></a><span class="nb">str</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">"Hello 算法"</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-14" name="__codelineno-13-14" href="#__codelineno-13-14"></a><span class="n">hash_str</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">hash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-15" name="__codelineno-13-15" href="#__codelineno-13-15"></a><span class="c1"># 字符串“Hello 算法”的哈希值为 4617003410720528961</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-16" name="__codelineno-13-16" href="#__codelineno-13-16"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-17" name="__codelineno-13-17" href="#__codelineno-13-17"></a><span class="n">tup</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">12836</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">"小哈"</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-18" name="__codelineno-13-18" href="#__codelineno-13-18"></a><span class="n">hash_tup</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">hash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">tup</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-19" name="__codelineno-13-19" href="#__codelineno-13-19"></a><span class="c1"># 元组 (12836, '小哈') 的哈希值为 1029005403108185979</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-20" name="__codelineno-13-20" href="#__codelineno-13-20"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-21" name="__codelineno-13-21" href="#__codelineno-13-21"></a><span class="n">obj</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ListNode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-22" name="__codelineno-13-22" href="#__codelineno-13-22"></a><span class="n">hash_obj</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">hash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">obj</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-13-23" name="__codelineno-13-23" href="#__codelineno-13-23"></a><span class="c1"># 节点对象 <ListNode object at 0x1058fd810> 的哈希值为 274267521</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">built_in_hash.cpp</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-14-1" name="__codelineno-14-1" href="#__codelineno-14-1"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-14-2" name="__codelineno-14-2" href="#__codelineno-14-2"></a><span class="kt">size_t</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hashNum</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">></span><span class="p">()(</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-14-3" name="__codelineno-14-3" href="#__codelineno-14-3"></a><span class="c1">// 整数 3 的哈希值为 3</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-14-4" name="__codelineno-14-4" href="#__codelineno-14-4"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-14-5" name="__codelineno-14-5" href="#__codelineno-14-5"></a><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bol</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">true</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-14-6" name="__codelineno-14-6" href="#__codelineno-14-6"></a><span class="kt">size_t</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hashBol</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="o">></span><span class="p">()(</span><span class="n">bol</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-14-7" name="__codelineno-14-7" href="#__codelineno-14-7"></a><span class="c1">// 布尔量 1 的哈希值为 1</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-14-8" name="__codelineno-14-8" href="#__codelineno-14-8"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-14-9" name="__codelineno-14-9" href="#__codelineno-14-9"></a><span class="kt">double</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dec</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">3.14159</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-14-10" name="__codelineno-14-10" href="#__codelineno-14-10"></a><span class="kt">size_t</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hashDec</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="kt">double</span><span class="o">></span><span class="p">()(</span><span class="n">dec</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-14-11" name="__codelineno-14-11" href="#__codelineno-14-11"></a><span class="c1">// 小数 3.14159 的哈希值为 4614256650576692846</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-14-12" name="__codelineno-14-12" href="#__codelineno-14-12"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-14-13" name="__codelineno-14-13" href="#__codelineno-14-13"></a><span class="n">string</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">str</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"Hello 算法"</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-14-14" name="__codelineno-14-14" href="#__codelineno-14-14"></a><span class="kt">size_t</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hashStr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">string</span><span class="o">></span><span class="p">()(</span><span class="n">str</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-14-15" name="__codelineno-14-15" href="#__codelineno-14-15"></a><span class="c1">// 字符串“Hello 算法”的哈希值为 15466937326284535026</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-14-16" name="__codelineno-14-16" href="#__codelineno-14-16"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-14-17" name="__codelineno-14-17" href="#__codelineno-14-17"></a><span class="c1">// 在 C++ 中，内置 std:hash() 仅提供基本数据类型的哈希值计算</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-14-18" name="__codelineno-14-18" href="#__codelineno-14-18"></a><span class="c1">// 数组、对象的哈希值计算需要自行实现</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">built_in_hash.java</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-15-1" name="__codelineno-15-1" href="#__codelineno-15-1"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-15-2" name="__codelineno-15-2" href="#__codelineno-15-2"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hashNum</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Integer</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">hashCode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-15-3" name="__codelineno-15-3" href="#__codelineno-15-3"></a><span class="c1">// 整数 3 的哈希值为 3</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-15-4" name="__codelineno-15-4" href="#__codelineno-15-4"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-15-5" name="__codelineno-15-5" href="#__codelineno-15-5"></a><span class="kt">boolean</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bol</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">true</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-15-6" name="__codelineno-15-6" href="#__codelineno-15-6"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hashBol</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Boolean</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">hashCode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">bol</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-15-7" name="__codelineno-15-7" href="#__codelineno-15-7"></a><span class="c1">// 布尔量 true 的哈希值为 1231</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-15-8" name="__codelineno-15-8" href="#__codelineno-15-8"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-15-9" name="__codelineno-15-9" href="#__codelineno-15-9"></a><span class="kt">double</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dec</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">3.14159</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-15-10" name="__codelineno-15-10" href="#__codelineno-15-10"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hashDec</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Double</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">hashCode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dec</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-15-11" name="__codelineno-15-11" href="#__codelineno-15-11"></a><span class="c1">// 小数 3.14159 的哈希值为 -1340954729</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-15-12" name="__codelineno-15-12" href="#__codelineno-15-12"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-15-13" name="__codelineno-15-13" href="#__codelineno-15-13"></a><span class="n">String</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">str</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"Hello 算法"</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-15-14" name="__codelineno-15-14" href="#__codelineno-15-14"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hashStr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">str</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">hashCode</span><span class="p">();</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-15-15" name="__codelineno-15-15" href="#__codelineno-15-15"></a><span class="c1">// 字符串“Hello 算法”的哈希值为 -727081396</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-15-16" name="__codelineno-15-16" href="#__codelineno-15-16"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-15-17" name="__codelineno-15-17" href="#__codelineno-15-17"></a><span class="n">Object</span><span class="o">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">arr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">12836</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"小哈"</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">};</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-15-18" name="__codelineno-15-18" href="#__codelineno-15-18"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hashTup</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Arrays</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">hashCode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">arr</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-15-19" name="__codelineno-15-19" href="#__codelineno-15-19"></a><span class="c1">// 数组 [12836, 小哈] 的哈希值为 1151158</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-15-20" name="__codelineno-15-20" href="#__codelineno-15-20"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-15-21" name="__codelineno-15-21" href="#__codelineno-15-21"></a><span class="n">ListNode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">obj</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ListNode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-15-22" name="__codelineno-15-22" href="#__codelineno-15-22"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hashObj</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">obj</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">hashCode</span><span class="p">();</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-15-23" name="__codelineno-15-23" href="#__codelineno-15-23"></a><span class="c1">// 节点对象 utils.ListNode@7dc5e7b4 的哈希值为 2110121908</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">built_in_hash.cs</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-16-1" name="__codelineno-16-1" href="#__codelineno-16-1"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">3</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-16-2" name="__codelineno-16-2" href="#__codelineno-16-2"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hashNum</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">GetHashCode</span><span class="p">();</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-16-3" name="__codelineno-16-3" href="#__codelineno-16-3"></a><span class="c1">// 整数 3 的哈希值为 3;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-16-4" name="__codelineno-16-4" href="#__codelineno-16-4"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-16-5" name="__codelineno-16-5" href="#__codelineno-16-5"></a><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bol</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">true</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-16-6" name="__codelineno-16-6" href="#__codelineno-16-6"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hashBol</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bol</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">GetHashCode</span><span class="p">();</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-16-7" name="__codelineno-16-7" href="#__codelineno-16-7"></a><span class="c1">// 布尔量 true 的哈希值为 1;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-16-8" name="__codelineno-16-8" href="#__codelineno-16-8"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-16-9" name="__codelineno-16-9" href="#__codelineno-16-9"></a><span class="kt">double</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dec</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">3.14159</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-16-10" name="__codelineno-16-10" href="#__codelineno-16-10"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hashDec</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dec</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">GetHashCode</span><span class="p">();</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-16-11" name="__codelineno-16-11" href="#__codelineno-16-11"></a><span class="c1">// 小数 3.14159 的哈希值为 -1340954729;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-16-12" name="__codelineno-16-12" href="#__codelineno-16-12"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-16-13" name="__codelineno-16-13" href="#__codelineno-16-13"></a><span class="kt">string</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">str</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"Hello 算法"</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-16-14" name="__codelineno-16-14" href="#__codelineno-16-14"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hashStr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">str</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">GetHashCode</span><span class="p">();</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-16-15" name="__codelineno-16-15" href="#__codelineno-16-15"></a><span class="c1">// 字符串“Hello 算法”的哈希值为 -586107568;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-16-16" name="__codelineno-16-16" href="#__codelineno-16-16"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-16-17" name="__codelineno-16-17" href="#__codelineno-16-17"></a><span class="kt">object</span><span class="p">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">arr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="m">12836</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"小哈"</span><span class="p">];</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-16-18" name="__codelineno-16-18" href="#__codelineno-16-18"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hashTup</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">arr</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">GetHashCode</span><span class="p">();</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-16-19" name="__codelineno-16-19" href="#__codelineno-16-19"></a><span class="c1">// 数组 [12836, 小哈] 的哈希值为 42931033;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-16-20" name="__codelineno-16-20" href="#__codelineno-16-20"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-16-21" name="__codelineno-16-21" href="#__codelineno-16-21"></a><span class="n">ListNode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">obj</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="m">0</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-16-22" name="__codelineno-16-22" href="#__codelineno-16-22"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hashObj</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">obj</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">GetHashCode</span><span class="p">();</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-16-23" name="__codelineno-16-23" href="#__codelineno-16-23"></a><span class="c1">// 节点对象 0 的哈希值为 39053774;</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">built_in_hash.go</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-17-1" name="__codelineno-17-1" href="#__codelineno-17-1"></a><span class="c1">// Go 未提供内置 hash code 函数</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">built_in_hash.swift</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-18-1" name="__codelineno-18-1" href="#__codelineno-18-1"></a><span class="kd">let</span> <span class="nv">num</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="mi">3</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-18-2" name="__codelineno-18-2" href="#__codelineno-18-2"></a><span class="kd">let</span> <span class="nv">hashNum</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="n">num</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">hashValue</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-18-3" name="__codelineno-18-3" href="#__codelineno-18-3"></a><span class="c1">// 整数 3 的哈希值为 9047044699613009734</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-18-4" name="__codelineno-18-4" href="#__codelineno-18-4"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-18-5" name="__codelineno-18-5" href="#__codelineno-18-5"></a><span class="kd">let</span> <span class="nv">bol</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="kc">true</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-18-6" name="__codelineno-18-6" href="#__codelineno-18-6"></a><span class="kd">let</span> <span class="nv">hashBol</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="n">bol</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">hashValue</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-18-7" name="__codelineno-18-7" href="#__codelineno-18-7"></a><span class="c1">// 布尔量 true 的哈希值为 -4431640247352757451</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-18-8" name="__codelineno-18-8" href="#__codelineno-18-8"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-18-9" name="__codelineno-18-9" href="#__codelineno-18-9"></a><span class="kd">let</span> <span class="nv">dec</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="mf">3.14159</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-18-10" name="__codelineno-18-10" href="#__codelineno-18-10"></a><span class="kd">let</span> <span class="nv">hashDec</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="n">dec</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">hashValue</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-18-11" name="__codelineno-18-11" href="#__codelineno-18-11"></a><span class="c1">// 小数 3.14159 的哈希值为 -2465384235396674631</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-18-12" name="__codelineno-18-12" href="#__codelineno-18-12"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-18-13" name="__codelineno-18-13" href="#__codelineno-18-13"></a><span class="kd">let</span> <span class="nv">str</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="s">"Hello 算法"</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-18-14" name="__codelineno-18-14" href="#__codelineno-18-14"></a><span class="kd">let</span> <span class="nv">hashStr</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="n">str</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">hashValue</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-18-15" name="__codelineno-18-15" href="#__codelineno-18-15"></a><span class="c1">// 字符串“Hello 算法”的哈希值为 -7850626797806988787</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-18-16" name="__codelineno-18-16" href="#__codelineno-18-16"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-18-17" name="__codelineno-18-17" href="#__codelineno-18-17"></a><span class="kd">let</span> <span class="nv">arr</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">AnyHashable</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">12836</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">AnyHashable</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"小哈"</span><span class="p">)]</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-18-18" name="__codelineno-18-18" href="#__codelineno-18-18"></a><span class="kd">let</span> <span class="nv">hashTup</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="n">arr</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">hashValue</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-18-19" name="__codelineno-18-19" href="#__codelineno-18-19"></a><span class="c1">// 数组 [AnyHashable(12836), AnyHashable("小哈")] 的哈希值为 -2308633508154532996</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-18-20" name="__codelineno-18-20" href="#__codelineno-18-20"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-18-21" name="__codelineno-18-21" href="#__codelineno-18-21"></a><span class="kd">let</span> <span class="nv">obj</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="n">ListNode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-18-22" name="__codelineno-18-22" href="#__codelineno-18-22"></a><span class="kd">let</span> <span class="nv">hashObj</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="n">obj</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">hashValue</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-18-23" name="__codelineno-18-23" href="#__codelineno-18-23"></a><span class="c1">// 节点对象 utils.ListNode 的哈希值为 -2434780518035996159</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">built_in_hash.js</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-19-1" name="__codelineno-19-1" href="#__codelineno-19-1"></a><span class="c1">// JavaScript 未提供内置 hash code 函数</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">built_in_hash.ts</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-20-1" name="__codelineno-20-1" href="#__codelineno-20-1"></a><span class="c1">// TypeScript 未提供内置 hash code 函数</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">built_in_hash.dart</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-21-1" name="__codelineno-21-1" href="#__codelineno-21-1"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">3</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-21-2" name="__codelineno-21-2" href="#__codelineno-21-2"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hashNum</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">num</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">hashCode</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-21-3" name="__codelineno-21-3" href="#__codelineno-21-3"></a><span class="c1">// 整数 3 的哈希值为 34803</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-21-4" name="__codelineno-21-4" href="#__codelineno-21-4"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-21-5" name="__codelineno-21-5" href="#__codelineno-21-5"></a><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bol</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">true</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-21-6" name="__codelineno-21-6" href="#__codelineno-21-6"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hashBol</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bol</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">hashCode</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-21-7" name="__codelineno-21-7" href="#__codelineno-21-7"></a><span class="c1">// 布尔值 true 的哈希值为 1231</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-21-8" name="__codelineno-21-8" href="#__codelineno-21-8"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-21-9" name="__codelineno-21-9" href="#__codelineno-21-9"></a><span class="kt">double</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dec</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">3.14159</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-21-10" name="__codelineno-21-10" href="#__codelineno-21-10"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hashDec</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dec</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">hashCode</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-21-11" name="__codelineno-21-11" href="#__codelineno-21-11"></a><span class="c1">// 小数 3.14159 的哈希值为 2570631074981783</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-21-12" name="__codelineno-21-12" href="#__codelineno-21-12"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-21-13" name="__codelineno-21-13" href="#__codelineno-21-13"></a><span class="kt">String</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">str</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"Hello 算法"</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-21-14" name="__codelineno-21-14" href="#__codelineno-21-14"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hashStr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">str</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">hashCode</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-21-15" name="__codelineno-21-15" href="#__codelineno-21-15"></a><span class="c1">// 字符串“Hello 算法”的哈希值为 468167534</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-21-16" name="__codelineno-21-16" href="#__codelineno-21-16"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-21-17" name="__codelineno-21-17" href="#__codelineno-21-17"></a><span class="n">List</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">arr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="m">12836</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"小哈"</span><span class="p">];</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-21-18" name="__codelineno-21-18" href="#__codelineno-21-18"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hashArr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">arr</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">hashCode</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-21-19" name="__codelineno-21-19" href="#__codelineno-21-19"></a><span class="c1">// 数组 [12836, 小哈] 的哈希值为 976512528</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-21-20" name="__codelineno-21-20" href="#__codelineno-21-20"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-21-21" name="__codelineno-21-21" href="#__codelineno-21-21"></a><span class="n">ListNode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">obj</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ListNode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="m">0</span><span class="p">);</span>
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|
<a id="__codelineno-21-22" name="__codelineno-21-22" href="#__codelineno-21-22"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hashObj</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">obj</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">hashCode</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-21-23" name="__codelineno-21-23" href="#__codelineno-21-23"></a><span class="c1">// 节点对象 Instance of 'ListNode' 的哈希值为 1033450432</span>
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|
</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">built_in_hash.rs</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-22-1" name="__codelineno-22-1" href="#__codelineno-22-1"></a><span class="k">use</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">std</span>::<span class="n">collections</span>::<span class="n">hash_map</span>::<span class="n">DefaultHasher</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-22-2" name="__codelineno-22-2" href="#__codelineno-22-2"></a><span class="k">use</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">std</span>::<span class="n">hash</span>::<span class="p">{</span><span class="n">Hash</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Hasher</span><span class="p">};</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-22-3" name="__codelineno-22-3" href="#__codelineno-22-3"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-22-4" name="__codelineno-22-4" href="#__codelineno-22-4"></a><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-22-5" name="__codelineno-22-5" href="#__codelineno-22-5"></a><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num_hasher</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DefaultHasher</span>::<span class="n">new</span><span class="p">();</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-22-6" name="__codelineno-22-6" href="#__codelineno-22-6"></a><span class="n">num</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&</span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num_hasher</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-22-7" name="__codelineno-22-7" href="#__codelineno-22-7"></a><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash_num</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">num_hasher</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">finish</span><span class="p">();</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-22-8" name="__codelineno-22-8" href="#__codelineno-22-8"></a><span class="c1">// 整数 3 的哈希值为 568126464209439262</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-22-9" name="__codelineno-22-9" href="#__codelineno-22-9"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-22-10" name="__codelineno-22-10" href="#__codelineno-22-10"></a><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bol</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">true</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-22-11" name="__codelineno-22-11" href="#__codelineno-22-11"></a><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bol_hasher</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DefaultHasher</span>::<span class="n">new</span><span class="p">();</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-22-12" name="__codelineno-22-12" href="#__codelineno-22-12"></a><span class="n">bol</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&</span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bol_hasher</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-22-13" name="__codelineno-22-13" href="#__codelineno-22-13"></a><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash_bol</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bol_hasher</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">finish</span><span class="p">();</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-22-14" name="__codelineno-22-14" href="#__codelineno-22-14"></a><span class="c1">// 布尔量 true 的哈希值为 4952851536318644461</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-22-15" name="__codelineno-22-15" href="#__codelineno-22-15"></a>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-22-16" name="__codelineno-22-16" href="#__codelineno-22-16"></a><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dec</span>: <span class="kt">f32</span> <span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">3.14159</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-22-17" name="__codelineno-22-17" href="#__codelineno-22-17"></a><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dec_hasher</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DefaultHasher</span>::<span class="n">new</span><span class="p">();</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-22-18" name="__codelineno-22-18" href="#__codelineno-22-18"></a><span class="n">dec</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">to_bits</span><span class="p">().</span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&</span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dec_hasher</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-22-19" name="__codelineno-22-19" href="#__codelineno-22-19"></a><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash_dec</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dec_hasher</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">finish</span><span class="p">();</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-22-20" name="__codelineno-22-20" href="#__codelineno-22-20"></a><span class="fm">println!</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"小数 {} 的哈希值为 {}"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dec</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash_dec</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-22-21" name="__codelineno-22-21" href="#__codelineno-22-21"></a><span class="c1">// 小数 3.14159 的哈希值为 2566941990314602357</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-22-22" name="__codelineno-22-22" href="#__codelineno-22-22"></a>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-22-23" name="__codelineno-22-23" href="#__codelineno-22-23"></a><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">str</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"Hello 算法"</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-22-24" name="__codelineno-22-24" href="#__codelineno-22-24"></a><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">str_hasher</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DefaultHasher</span>::<span class="n">new</span><span class="p">();</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-22-25" name="__codelineno-22-25" href="#__codelineno-22-25"></a><span class="kt">str</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&</span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">str_hasher</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
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|
<a id="__codelineno-22-26" name="__codelineno-22-26" href="#__codelineno-22-26"></a><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash_str</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">str_hasher</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">finish</span><span class="p">();</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-22-27" name="__codelineno-22-27" href="#__codelineno-22-27"></a><span class="c1">// 字符串“Hello 算法”的哈希值为 16092673739211250988</span>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-22-28" name="__codelineno-22-28" href="#__codelineno-22-28"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-22-29" name="__codelineno-22-29" href="#__codelineno-22-29"></a><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">arr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&</span><span class="mi">12836</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&</span><span class="s">"小哈"</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-22-30" name="__codelineno-22-30" href="#__codelineno-22-30"></a><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tup_hasher</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DefaultHasher</span>::<span class="n">new</span><span class="p">();</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-22-31" name="__codelineno-22-31" href="#__codelineno-22-31"></a><span class="n">arr</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&</span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tup_hasher</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-22-32" name="__codelineno-22-32" href="#__codelineno-22-32"></a><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash_tup</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tup_hasher</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">finish</span><span class="p">();</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-22-33" name="__codelineno-22-33" href="#__codelineno-22-33"></a><span class="c1">// 元组 (12836, "小哈") 的哈希值为 1885128010422702749</span>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-22-34" name="__codelineno-22-34" href="#__codelineno-22-34"></a>
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<a id="__codelineno-22-35" name="__codelineno-22-35" href="#__codelineno-22-35"></a><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">node</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ListNode</span>::<span class="n">new</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">42</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-22-36" name="__codelineno-22-36" href="#__codelineno-22-36"></a><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hasher</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DefaultHasher</span>::<span class="n">new</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
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<a id="__codelineno-22-37" name="__codelineno-22-37" href="#__codelineno-22-37"></a><span class="n">node</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">borrow</span><span class="p">().</span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&</span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hasher</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
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|
<a id="__codelineno-22-38" name="__codelineno-22-38" href="#__codelineno-22-38"></a><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hash</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hasher</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">finish</span><span class="p">();</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-22-39" name="__codelineno-22-39" href="#__codelineno-22-39"></a><span class="c1">// 节点对象 RefCell { value: ListNode { val: 42, next: None } } 的哈希值为15387811073369036852</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">built_in_hash.c</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-23-1" name="__codelineno-23-1" href="#__codelineno-23-1"></a><span class="c1">// C 未提供内置 hash code 函数</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">built_in_hash.zig</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-24-1" name="__codelineno-24-1" href="#__codelineno-24-1"></a>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<details class="pythontutor">
|
|
|
<summary>可视化运行</summary>
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<p><div style="height: 549px; width: 100%;"><iframe class="pythontutor-iframe" src="https://pythontutor.com/iframe-embed.html#code=class%20ListNode%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%22%22%22%E9%93%BE%E8%A1%A8%E8%8A%82%E7%82%B9%E7%B1%BB%22%22%22%0A%20%20%20%20def%20__init__%28self,%20val%3A%20int%29%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20self.val%3A%20int%20%3D%20val%20%20%23%20%E8%8A%82%E7%82%B9%E5%80%BC%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20self.next%3A%20ListNode%20%7C%20None%20%3D%20None%20%20%23%20%E5%90%8E%E7%BB%A7%E8%8A%82%E7%82%B9%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8%0A%0A%22%22%22Driver%20Code%22%22%22%0Aif%20__name__%20%3D%3D%20%22__main__%22%3A%0A%20%20%20%20num%20%3D%203%0A%20%20%20%20hash_num%20%3D%20hash%28num%29%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E6%95%B4%E6%95%B0%203%20%E7%9A%84%E5%93%88%E5%B8%8C%E5%80%BC%E4%B8%BA%203%0A%0A%20%20%20%20bol%20%3D%20True%0A%20%20%20%20hash_bol%20%3D%20hash%28bol%29%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E5%B8%83%E5%B0%94%E9%87%8F%20True%20%E7%9A%84%E5%93%88%E5%B8%8C%E5%80%BC%E4%B8%BA%201%0A%0A%20%20%20%20dec%20%3D%203.14159%0A%20%20%20%20hash_dec%20%3D%20hash%28dec%29%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E5%B0%8F%E6%95%B0%203.14159%20%E7%9A%84%E5%93%88%E5%B8%8C%E5%80%BC%E4%B8%BA%20326484311674566659%0A%0A%20%20%20%20str%20%3D%20%22Hello%20%E7%AE%97%E6%B3%95%22%0A%20%20%20%20hash_str%20%3D%20hash%28str%29%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E5%AD%97%E7%AC%A6%E4%B8%B2%E2%80%9CHello%20%E7%AE%97%E6%B3%95%E2%80%9D%E7%9A%84%E5%93%88%E5%B8%8C%E5%80%BC%E4%B8%BA%204617003410720528961%0A%0A%20%20%20%20tup%20%3D%20%2812836,%20%22%E5%B0%8F%E5%93%88%22%29%0A%20%20%20%20hash_tup%20%3D%20hash%28tup%29%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E5%85%83%E7%BB%84%20%2812836,%20'%E5%B0%8F%E5%93%88'%29%20%E7%9A%84%E5%93%88%E5%B8%8C%E5%80%BC%E4%B8%BA%201029005403108185979%0A%0A%20%20%20%20obj%20%3D%20ListNode%280%29%0A%20%20%20%20hash_obj%20%3D%20hash%28obj%29%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E8%8A%82%E7%82%B9%E5%AF%B9%E8%B1%A1%20%3CListNode%20object%20at%200x1058fd810%3E%20%E7%9A%84%E5%93%88%E5%B8%8C%E5%80%BC%E4%B8%BA%20274267521&codeDivHeight=472&codeDivWidth=350&cumulative=false&curInstr=19&heapPrimitives=nevernest&origin=opt-frontend.js&py=311&rawInputLstJSON=%5B%5D&textReferences=false"> </iframe></div>
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<div style="margin-top: 5px;"><a href="https://pythontutor.com/iframe-embed.html#code=class%20ListNode%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%22%22%22%E9%93%BE%E8%A1%A8%E8%8A%82%E7%82%B9%E7%B1%BB%22%22%22%0A%20%20%20%20def%20__init__%28self,%20val%3A%20int%29%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20self.val%3A%20int%20%3D%20val%20%20%23%20%E8%8A%82%E7%82%B9%E5%80%BC%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20self.next%3A%20ListNode%20%7C%20None%20%3D%20None%20%20%23%20%E5%90%8E%E7%BB%A7%E8%8A%82%E7%82%B9%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8%0A%0A%22%22%22Driver%20Code%22%22%22%0Aif%20__name__%20%3D%3D%20%22__main__%22%3A%0A%20%20%20%20num%20%3D%203%0A%20%20%20%20hash_num%20%3D%20hash%28num%29%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E6%95%B4%E6%95%B0%203%20%E7%9A%84%E5%93%88%E5%B8%8C%E5%80%BC%E4%B8%BA%203%0A%0A%20%20%20%20bol%20%3D%20True%0A%20%20%20%20hash_bol%20%3D%20hash%28bol%29%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E5%B8%83%E5%B0%94%E9%87%8F%20True%20%E7%9A%84%E5%93%88%E5%B8%8C%E5%80%BC%E4%B8%BA%201%0A%0A%20%20%20%20dec%20%3D%203.14159%0A%20%20%20%20hash_dec%20%3D%20hash%28dec%29%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E5%B0%8F%E6%95%B0%203.14159%20%E7%9A%84%E5%93%88%E5%B8%8C%E5%80%BC%E4%B8%BA%20326484311674566659%0A%0A%20%20%20%20str%20%3D%20%22Hello%20%E7%AE%97%E6%B3%95%22%0A%20%20%20%20hash_str%20%3D%20hash%28str%29%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E5%AD%97%E7%AC%A6%E4%B8%B2%E2%80%9CHello%20%E7%AE%97%E6%B3%95%E2%80%9D%E7%9A%84%E5%93%88%E5%B8%8C%E5%80%BC%E4%B8%BA%204617003410720528961%0A%0A%20%20%20%20tup%20%3D%20%2812836,%20%22%E5%B0%8F%E5%93%88%22%29%0A%20%20%20%20hash_tup%20%3D%20hash%28tup%29%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E5%85%83%E7%BB%84%20%2812836,%20'%E5%B0%8F%E5%93%88'%29%20%E7%9A%84%E5%93%88%E5%B8%8C%E5%80%BC%E4%B8%BA%201029005403108185979%0A%0A%20%20%20%20obj%20%3D%20ListNode%280%29%0A%20%20%20%20hash_obj%20%3D%20hash%28obj%29%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E8%8A%82%E7%82%B9%E5%AF%B9%E8%B1%A1%20%3CListNode%20object%20at%200x1058fd810%3E%20%E7%9A%84%E5%93%88%E5%B8%8C%E5%80%BC%E4%B8%BA%20274267521&codeDivHeight=800&codeDivWidth=600&cumulative=false&curInstr=19&heapPrimitives=nevernest&origin=opt-frontend.js&py=311&rawInputLstJSON=%5B%5D&textReferences=false" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">全屏观看 ></a></div></p>
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</details>
|
|
|
<p>在许多编程语言中，<strong>只有不可变对象才可作为哈希表的 <code>key</code></strong> 。假如我们将列表（动态数组）作为 <code>key</code> ，当列表的内容发生变化时，它的哈希值也随之改变，我们就无法在哈希表中查询到原先的 <code>value</code> 了。</p>
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<p>虽然自定义对象（比如链表节点）的成员变量是可变的，但它是可哈希的。<strong>这是因为对象的哈希值通常是基于内存地址生成的</strong>，即使对象的内容发生了变化，但它的内存地址不变，哈希值仍然是不变的。</p>
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<p>细心的你可能发现在不同控制台中运行程序时，输出的哈希值是不同的。<strong>这是因为 Python 解释器在每次启动时，都会为字符串哈希函数加入一个随机的盐（salt）值</strong>。这种做法可以有效防止 HashDoS 攻击，提升哈希算法的安全性。</p>
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