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/**
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* File: array_binary_tree.cs
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* Created Time: 2023-07-20
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* Author: hpstory (hpstory1024@163.com)
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*/
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namespace hello_algo.chapter_tree;
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/* 陣列表示下的二元樹類別 */
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public class ArrayBinaryTree(List<int?> arr) {
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List<int?> tree = new(arr);
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/* 串列容量 */
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public int Size() {
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return tree.Count;
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}
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/* 獲取索引為 i 節點的值 */
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public int? Val(int i) {
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// 若索引越界,則返回 null ,代表空位
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if (i < 0 || i >= Size())
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return null;
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return tree[i];
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}
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/* 獲取索引為 i 節點的左子節點的索引 */
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public int Left(int i) {
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return 2 * i + 1;
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}
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/* 獲取索引為 i 節點的右子節點的索引 */
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public int Right(int i) {
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return 2 * i + 2;
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}
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/* 獲取索引為 i 節點的父節點的索引 */
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public int Parent(int i) {
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return (i - 1) / 2;
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}
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/* 層序走訪 */
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public List<int> LevelOrder() {
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List<int> res = [];
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// 直接走訪陣列
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for (int i = 0; i < Size(); i++) {
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if (Val(i).HasValue)
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res.Add(Val(i)!.Value);
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}
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return res;
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}
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/* 深度優先走訪 */
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void DFS(int i, string order, List<int> res) {
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// 若為空位,則返回
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if (!Val(i).HasValue)
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return;
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// 前序走訪
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if (order == "pre")
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res.Add(Val(i)!.Value);
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DFS(Left(i), order, res);
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// 中序走訪
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if (order == "in")
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res.Add(Val(i)!.Value);
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DFS(Right(i), order, res);
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// 後序走訪
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if (order == "post")
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res.Add(Val(i)!.Value);
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}
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/* 前序走訪 */
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public List<int> PreOrder() {
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List<int> res = [];
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DFS(0, "pre", res);
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return res;
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}
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/* 中序走訪 */
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public List<int> InOrder() {
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List<int> res = [];
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DFS(0, "in", res);
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return res;
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}
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/* 後序走訪 */
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public List<int> PostOrder() {
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List<int> res = [];
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DFS(0, "post", res);
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return res;
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}
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}
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public class array_binary_tree {
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[Test]
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public void Test() {
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// 初始化二元樹
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// 這裡藉助了一個從陣列直接生成二元樹的函式
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List<int?> arr = [1, 2, 3, 4, null, 6, 7, 8, 9, null, null, 12, null, null, 15];
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TreeNode? root = TreeNode.ListToTree(arr);
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Console.WriteLine("\n初始化二元樹\n");
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Console.WriteLine("二元樹的陣列表示:");
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Console.WriteLine(arr.PrintList());
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Console.WriteLine("二元樹的鏈結串列表示:");
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PrintUtil.PrintTree(root);
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// 陣列表示下的二元樹類別
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ArrayBinaryTree abt = new(arr);
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// 訪問節點
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int i = 1;
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int l = abt.Left(i);
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int r = abt.Right(i);
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int p = abt.Parent(i);
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Console.WriteLine("\n當前節點的索引為 " + i + " ,值為 " + abt.Val(i));
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Console.WriteLine("其左子節點的索引為 " + l + " ,值為 " + (abt.Val(l).HasValue ? abt.Val(l) : "null"));
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Console.WriteLine("其右子節點的索引為 " + r + " ,值為 " + (abt.Val(r).HasValue ? abt.Val(r) : "null"));
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Console.WriteLine("其父節點的索引為 " + p + " ,值為 " + (abt.Val(p).HasValue ? abt.Val(p) : "null"));
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// 走訪樹
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List<int> res = abt.LevelOrder();
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Console.WriteLine("\n層序走訪為:" + res.PrintList());
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res = abt.PreOrder();
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Console.WriteLine("前序走訪為:" + res.PrintList());
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res = abt.InOrder();
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Console.WriteLine("中序走訪為:" + res.PrintList());
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res = abt.PostOrder();
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Console.WriteLine("後序走訪為:" + res.PrintList());
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}
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} |